be Tes eH Sotibe te tt: be heirs vigaird hrs fdtaphe dap Seb Mepesy ets toe we Wm Orkewoe tet an ty to hots Beet R! ge be Be eke betel eh ed ; M4 Sigh=telte bet bere reter tive Peter ene pees Bhi M ve poate (nay oteaniiade’y ie bard by oy afr als We pe ibe Sore De Hagges ( aie ea he aie ier’ me gerey A) de Mee Hid Pave bated ve ) hoses vite ein gaielie Arbebroaiet a ar inhors lehe boa fotelipes > i olehat eta a * beset le Fe), in hae eet ran ey y¢ yee ka pia d 4 Det ha LYE TRE 49) AE ee ie pane pe be etree aa ? heed ertibye eae iet ae Salad be Fo test eer Fae bos orb: baat ot ae stone Peveaaer ett tft satan ate al es. 454 etape Heated" © OF shone oe rae be) zat 2 Nee pedal wriap manbenae pokeh dake Ranae hk he Sah eb iro 08 we ta cp ela? ‘ Pore gir of er anes voir peep bens Ate Peer Shel ee on Pr we a8 one as rts Bi gn we or oa ce grands te 1 Epi nit betel rd yingee on ve ee aeaeense pert eee meeren aw opie are he eS Lo de hauiniay ak Gees pe De ee Ay oe Porter stie ne phe Oe we ; cr rocdibtatiramwedigtt 0 Site Syrenar saber per ncoraebete timate ged rheesss ere Le hat tad SE eaeeees ae views a deli dana Cae ene qepeiews eae oe Oe Oe a FD COEF TT jaye ae? eee woes. =~ ail — — — ee -. ij sh * “sa a aod . . . : (ona ae on ia On r) y) tee ae J ad ’ Fretp Cotumpian Museum ; wy é oY 4 ba f PUBLICATION 95 ys ey rent eiemae ye he Fre Pe ih minnie PSG ZOOLOGICAL SERIES Aug “ial 2 (904 Vor. IV, Baek. | | ( Da formation from bg JO x’) (Riketn ben. 3 1942.. = T OTHE: LAND AND SEA MAMMALS OF MIDDLE AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES , i BY DanieL Grraup Extiot, F.R.S.E., Etc. ree Curator of Department yA peAGgG, UisS. cA. AL a5 1904 ae PUBLICATION OF THE FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM ZOOLOGICAL, SERIES Von UV. “Parr I. Curtcaco, U.S. A. 1904 All rights reserved 7/2 L&Yb vi / Mamr ) THE f “LAND AND SEA MAMMALS OF ODER wa MERICA AND THE Maco [NDIES iy BY DAniEL Greaup, ExnrorT, FROSJE., Errc: Hl Curator of Department. ZOOUOGICAL, SERIES ViGianlV. 4 Para i: JUL 25 HU § LIGRARIES_~& Carcneeent) «S.A: 1904 2bVe a) Se | he, DEE AGE. In my previous volume, the ‘“‘Synopsis of the Mammals of North America and the Adjacent Seas,’’ the field covered was from the northern boundary of Mexico to and including the Arctic Ocean. The present work is supposed to contain all the Mammals of the ~ remaining portion of the North American continent and the con- tiguous seas, from the northern boundary of Mexico to the Province of Cauca, South America, including the coast islands, as well as those of the Bahamas and the West Indies whose fauna is not completely related to that of South America. In the general treatment of the named forms the method adopted in the previous work has been slightly elaborated, and brief statements of the habits of the animals contained in the various families, and sometimes in the genera, have been given, together with the English name for each species or race, and keys for genera, subgenera, species, and races whenever these were sufficiently numerous to make such analytical tables desirable. For a very large number of the species and races it is well understood that no English names exist, and these had to be manufactured for the occasion, and are practically of little assistance for the recognition of the different animals; but Latin names appear to be distasteful to a small number of the laity, and only those in the vernacular are satisfactory, and it is to aid these that this departure from the pre- vious plan has been made. Numerous named species of many genera ‘of Mammals have so close a resemblance to each other, both in their outward covering and cranial characters, that often it is very difficult to distinguish one from the other, and for them Keys are probably less satisfactory as a means of determining the various forms than for any other class of animals; but it seems that there is a desire for such aids, which to many have become necessary, and therefore an effort has been made to meet this need, which it is hoped will serve the pur- pose intended. The illustrations throughout the volume comprise not only various representations of the cranium of some selected species of nearly every genus and subgenus, as in the ‘‘Synopsis,’”’ but in addition a figure is given of some species either of a family or genus, or possibly both, as the peculiarities of the animals seemed to require for a better comprehension of their appearance in life. To those unfamiliar with the diversified forms of the many mammals dwelling within the limits embraced in this volume, these figures may be of assistance, and enable them more easily to recognize the animals whose descriptions are given in the text. Vv vi PREFACE. ’ The remarks made in the Preface of the ‘‘Synopsis,’’ upon the excessive and probably unwarranted multiplications of species and races (made easy by the too liberal application of the trinominal system), may be repeated here with equal force as regards the mam- malhan fauna of Middle America and the various islands. In the examination of the many specimens rendered necessary during the progress of the present work, the author has been im- pressed by the fact that the ‘‘characters”’ of a very large number of the named forms are merely comparative and not distinctive. By which is meant, characters that in themselves are not sufficient to identify the specimens, but render necessary the presence of exam- ples of the typical form before any determination is possible, unless the locality is deemed all-sufficient to fix the status. The possession of topotypes of described forms for the majority of naturalists is impracticable except to a very limited degree, and therefore, without such aids, to accurately name specimens is, in many instances, quite impossible (for even ‘‘locality’”’ is not always to be depended upon), and the effort often then degenerates into something very like guess- work. Every Mammalogist must at some time have been confronted with this difficulty and regretted his inability to determine his exam- ples; and one naturally questions the value of a system that makes such a condition possible, and doubts if the giving of names to speci- mens on minute differences, which magnify slight comparative characters (for often there are no others, and some of these are undoubtedly due to individual variation), is scientifically war- rantable or even desirable. Many specimens have been named whose cranial characters consist altogether in being ‘“‘longer or shorter,” “broader or narrower’’ than corresponding parts of some other example, and it is easily comprehended how slight is the probability that any specimen can be accurately determined whose characters are such as those given (the color of the pelage also being nearly the same), no topotypes of the forms with which these are compared by their describer being available, and in many instances no measure- ments of the crania having been given. It is, of course, not to be conceived that every infinitesimal difference that an animal may possess can be intelligently demon- strated, or that the mere bestowal of a name upon a specimen would make it recognizable; and the act of naming examples that are separated from their fellows on account of these minute variations cannot fairly be regarded as an “‘accurate statement of the results of organic evolution.’ That it is desirable that all differences observed, the results of any cause whatever, should be mentioned, and in many instances dwelt upon, would not be disputed by any one, but it may be PREFACE, vii well be questioned if the only wise or proper course to emphasize these slight variations is to bestow a name upon the specimen pos- sessing them. Much confusion has been created by the multiplicity of names that burden our nomenclature, and our difficulties are by no means brushed away when one is bestowed upon some specimen, any more than are these difficulties ignored if none is given; for names are often not only no panacea for scientific woes, but on the contrary are frequently the cause of much trouble and perplexity. They are useful for the recognition of specimens possessing indepen- dent distinctive characters, but if an example has none of these its appellation is of little assistance. It is the extreme to which the bestowal of names has been carried that is to be deprecated, not the announcement of differences observed, however slight, and against the former custom the Author has always protested, while advocating the latter. It is to be expected that countries like Mexico would contain a large number of animals that differ from each other in a greater or less degree; for that land probably possesses more varieties of climate within a certain number of miles square than almost any other known of an equal extent. The transition from a torrid to a temperate zone, and again to an alpine, is accomplished in a comparatively brief journey, and the several environments affect materially in certain ways the animals influenced by them. So in a small extent of country a number of forms allied to, but differentiated from each other would be expected to occur; but whether the extreme length to which the recognition of these variations has been carried by the bestowal of names is either wise or necessary, may well be doubted. The arrangement of the Orders and Families is the same as that in the ‘‘Synopsis’’; but names have in some instances been changed since that work was published, those heretofore employed having been ascertained to be either antedated by others, or previously used in this or some other branch of Zodlogy. Changes are continually occurring in Mammalian nomenclature, and it will probably be a long time before permanence in names is reached, as discoveries are being made that overturn some that are constantly employed and have become familiar by long use. But these changes will of neces- sity become less in time and a nomenclature that at least will approach stability may, in the distant future, be expected to be reached. By inserting the names of the described forms in this work the Author does not indorse their specific or subspecific value, and in all cases where an opinion is expressed, it will be found in a footnote on the page containing the form discussed. A critical review of all the species and races contained in this volume and their relations to viii PREFACE. each other would be a very great undertaking and cannot be prop- erly attempted at this time. Much additional knowledge, and in many cases a greater amount of material must be acquired before any considerable success in accurately determining the proper status of the numerously named forms can be obtained. The following is the arrangement adopted for the Orders and Families of the Mammalia comprised in this work, beginning with the lowest in degree: VOLUME IV.—PART I. ORDER I. MARrsuPIALIA—MARSUPIALS. Fam. 1. Didelphyidee—Opossums. ORDER II. Eprentata—EDENTATES. Fam. 1. Bradypodide—Sloths. Fam. 2. Myrmecophagida—Ant-eaters. Fam. 3. Dasypodide—Armadillos. ORDER III. Srrenra—SIReEnIans. Fam.1. Trichechida—Manatees. ORDER IV. CETAcCEA—CETACEANS. Fam. 1. Balaenide—Baleen Whales. Fam. 2. Physeterida—Sperm Whales. Fam. 3. Delphinidee—Dolphins, Porpoises, ete. ORDER V. UncGuLata—Hoorep QUADRUPEDS. Fam. 1. Tagassuida—Peccaries. Fam. 2. Cervide—Deer. Fam. 3. Antilocaprida—Prong-horn Antelopes. Fam. 4. Bovidae—Cattle, Sheep, etc. Fam. 5. Tapiride—tTapirs. ORDER VI. Ropent1A—RoODENTSs. Fam. 1. Sciuride—Squirrels. Fam. 2. Castoride—Beavers. Fam. 3. Murida—Rats, Mice, Voles. Fam. 4. Geomyide—Pouched Rats. Fam. 5. Heteromyide—Kangaroo Rats, Pocket Mice. Fam. 6. Octodontide—The Octodonts. Fam. 7. Erethizontida—Porcupines. Fam. 8. Agoutide—Agoutis, Pacas. Fam. 9. Leporidae—Hares, Rabbits. VOLUME IV.—PART II. ORDER VII. CARNIVORA—CARNIVORES. Fam. 1. Felide—Cats. Fam. 2. Viverride—Mungoose, Civets, etc. Fam. 3. Canide—Dogs, Wolves, Foxes. Fam. 4. Ursida—Bears. Fam. 5. Procyonide—Raccoons. Fam. 6. Mustelide—Badgers, Weasels, Otters, etc. ORDER VIII. PinnNipEpIA—PINNIPEDs. Fam. 1. Otariide—Sea-lions. Fam. 2. Phocidwe—Seals. PREFACE. ix ORDER IX. INSECTIVORA—INSECTIVORES. Fam. 1. Soricida—Shrews. Fam. 2. Talpidz—Moles. Fam. 3. Solenodontide ORDER X. CHIROPTERA—Bats. Fam. 1. Vespertilionida—Common Bats. Solenodonts. Fam. 2. Noctilionide—Large-eared Bats. Fam. 3. Molossidae—Free-tailed Bats. Fam. 4. Natalida—Funnel-eared Bats. Fam. 5. Phyllostomatide—Vampire Bats. ORDER XI. PrimateEs—PRIMATES. Fam. 1. Callitrichide—Marmosets. Fam. 2. Cebidae—Prehensile-tailed Monkeys. The measurements of the species and races, unless otherwise stated, are given in millimeters, and usually from some selected specimen, although occasionally an average of several examples is recorded. But it must always be remembered that the dimensions of animals, even of adults belonging to the same species, vary greatly, and there is no hard and fast rule by which the exact size of any species or race of Mammals can be fixed, and allowance must be made for this variability when a comparison is instituted between the measurements given and some specimen in hand. It is really not easy to find two mammals exactly alike in all their dimensions. This fact was emphasized in the Preface of the ‘“‘Synopsis,’’ but it seems necessary to repeat it here. The illustrations of the Crania exhibit the characteristics of every genus and subgenus contained in the work, with but few excep- tions, and the Institution to which each specimen belongs and the catalogue number is given in every instance. The reason for an exception in the list is that it was not possible to obtain the cranium when desired, as no example was procurable from any collection in this country. These illustrations in half-tone of crania, with the exception of a few kindly furnished by the Director of the National Museum, were made from photographs taken by Mr. C. H. Carpenter, the Head of the Photographic Department of this Institution, and as faithful representations of the subjects exhibited with often minute and intricate details they will, it is believed, compare favorably with any heretofore published. The tooth-rows were photographed by means of an especial photomicrographic lens which causes the most minute enamel folds to be clearly visible. The geographical distribution of many of the species and races included in this work is very imperfectly known, as a considerable number have been described only within a comparatively short time, and consequently but little information has been received regarding - PREFACE. them. The extent of the dispersion of each named form has, how- ever, been given so far as our present knowledge permits. In the Synopsis and its Supplement 997 species and subspecies were enumerated, and of these 789 were restricted to the regions north of the boundary of Mexico, leaving 208 that were found on both sides of the line. Of genera there were 120 of which only 42 were not represented in Mexico. In the present work the species and subspecies number 1,018, of which 809 are restricted to Mexico and the countries and islands embraced in the volume, leaving 209 also to be met with in the United States. The genera number 178, of which 78 are found north of the line, leaving roo peculiar to the Southern lands, the major portion of the excess over the northern genera being found in the Chiroptera. The Land Mammals in the Synopsis numbered 933, and the Sea Mammals 63; in the present volume the Land Mammals number 989 and the Sea Mammals 29, and but two of the latter are not found in northern waters so far as known, Megaptera n. bellicosa and Prodelphinus longirostris, although the first named probably does go into the northern portions of the Gulf of Mexico. The following table exhibits the genera that are represented on both sides of the northern boundary of Mexico, with their species and subspecies, showing the number of those that are restricted to each region, and also how many are common to both: Number of Number of Number of Species and Sub- | Species and Sub- | Species and Sub- species North of species South of species Common Mexican Line exican Line to Both Regions FTG OCA Tee Wiae wierd ota ee 1 aN 1? Joni 1) Ao) (Ae 6 Sie ae Mere meat ae 2 3 2 SALTO PLEHAe e Wel) su rcaein chee 8 3 3 Bassaniseusheera: = sucemin tote us 4 6 2 Jeqehek als), cists Sines ener eee 7 16 I CIEL) Lee ne a me cue a 9 11* 3 ASTOR on tees coer ak on art 4 I I CATCHING: os Areas + 2a ee tates 57 21 Il (CG fens), v5 a Seen Sa Be I I I GOnEDAtUSs terinrocielc ee ieeene ke I 8 2 GOryiOrnintIS 5s ers nae 3 2 2 (STIG SEOMUS yale nl kN ASI ieee I 8 I WY MOMMY Sine agrat cn ne eee 4 4 3 DWaSyDteGUS: .).\.40. cee ae es I 2 I ND YS oni ah DSR Sow eden ckenrecs ciqcerth crock: I I I ONGEI DEUS! mo cscvctaeistaceote Cre 4 ) 2 WOTPOCOMUy Shs. hie lisesi eee 14 13 6 SRE UMI COM wheels vocal ss ae 5 I I NG LIG eS ceo o Pichaitec ares oe CLO aR 19 24 8 SEIT eotorseniny aris seh ets set soca hae SU 8 I I CHROULYS ie catia is wp ieicrciohe Sie oes 15 I I Globicennalusi «fects ee ait 3 3 3 PLOtETOMYS 5. i I 35 fe) MASI US ey neers te icinicts me ere 4 5 3 PREFACE. Number of Species and Sub- species North of exican Line Number of Species and Sub- species South of Mexican Line xi Number of Species and Sub- species Common to Both Regions IIL GENTE Sa ae ce hon zeke a ROP noise Rane cine IGG UST a eee ere aa ene areas st LAER TEN tock pe tecenenoke auc ee a cee Weramberaveran tons aye se INSOMNIA: is. Seetacs Scrule ai nib oa Nokaipkoee IMIGROGUS Ie ciate seodiee.. (rare er | INibiRovGnaNeray pap alae ei Blaine Ao dese WKOWria gO POSE GAY 5 Ws ndcowlano our eraaoye INALTGUES Gans cons iceper Mig ete ei INE OLOMmake toe te tates aon ae INOtOSOneKars secede: Gleam ISTCL AVES OS ae ae eee DN eG S a a).08 he os Wee eis es INDE GIMONNOPS Ai. cto enw woo 8 aes @GdontoeceltSa she a MOMUVOIOLINVS opie diet oi Sa 6 OnGINUSter een ee ls se cat ROME MIN Sis © ein nese in wis les ote WPOMLSRUSS 2 cen eth. aoe ese te OGIS Samat Snir g oan eet IBGTOGHISE yh cdc Acie 5 clave deas IPlerclolenmerHonvisy yan wn eee IREROMAVISCUS wus che oie dacs eyes OC Aner EA eka than Seca oa cape Rung @aetlal. ars vty alee Ande fe eietth nV SCUOUA centre ih cans Setter terrors eaonSGueliIS Thc ca cae tene aca & IPEOCY Olena) ec wc eae nes RrodelplanimttSias a eres a oe: IEROMNG DSees Geter. am eden ae es or IBSCUIG OCA ese wa ieee niche sa BnipOiUS Ee teat ai et ae. J HuheiehteanmeGtes nn. suk le Oa: INbithnodontomiys! ssn. us ee SS CQUMEMNUS me taal ake on Mlascystig “ses WCMINOMLCEUS Mean ae eae te aye SICUIBDG EIS) ahoe es cunt ae Meee Ee SullenaaKOlC vali nh Bg cuetints ee ee ae OU Mehr MNS Sra > apa td uadc tite Roars MWeaiG CAN ut Mur uine bce nga.) sila, c BIEL IRL OMY css dS PB Becta, aa) Mlb Che CHAS yee Aiwa ae ced ins BIMUIGGIO DSi ey aeeck vewlssare Gee Win GWOT aa hace) tae sued eh skit LU EERSI Sanda be Seu enteral trae) kaa ee Wes membiligiey in ee ete sl nh. ss \Wiwilhoveigid G22) Satara ot cer ene ole AO OIMTUIS ae nie ah reser Fuse satin Oe (Bs ONTOETS ore Miteas Ocha ier rare OTe: oe OK on BERR HH DHW ADAH HoH “I ROH Ww PHN HOW HMNHDNW OMNWNI AHR HHBMNWBHN AON OO DHMNNNHHAWH HA WwW HOW WH 4 Oe bo oN a OmPHNUN DN NW H I Is MCmwWMmNUN HATS HO NWO OW is HR ARNT HW OH HH = wn = HN NENT NR OON DN +S on to A Men God Has el HiOs) io HOS Sf OS Hl HOO Wee Beet Si GROG (eis Ove (OVS te) lS) Cols ION Te ET AS Much care has been given that all the forms that have received names before this work was sent to the press should be included, and it is hoped that few, if any, have been omitted. xii PREFACE. Descriptions of all species and races known to the Author, which were published prior to July 1, 1904, are given in this work. No attempt has been made to add to the List after that date, as the press work was then too far advanced to permit of any additions. In the Appendix at the end of Part II. will be found descriptions of all those Mammals that were published too late, as the pages passed through the press, to be included in their proper position in the volume. A work like the present could not be brought to a successful issue without material assistance from various quarters, as no Museum possesses collections of such extent as to render it independent of all others, and the Author is under many obligations to his colleagues in different Institutions for the loan of material and for all other aid requested toward the successful completion of his labors. It gives him, therefore, much pleasure to name the following to whom he feels much indebted: Dr. J. A. Allen, Curator of Vertebrate Zodlogy in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and F. M. Chapman, Esq., Assistant Curator; Dr. C. H. Merriam, Chief of the Bio- logical Survey, Department of Agriculture, Washington, and his able assistants, Dr. A. K. Fisher, V. Bailey, W. H. Osgood, A. H. Howell, and E. A. Preble, Esqs.; R. Rathbun, Esq., Director of the National Museum, Washington; Dr. F. W. True, Curator of Biology in the National Museum, and G. S. Miller, Jr. Assistant Curator, and M. W. Lyon, Esq., of the Department of Mammals; Witmer Stone, Esq., Curator of Ornithology in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Outram Bangs, Esq., of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; Dr. E. A. Mearns, U.S. Army; and Old- field Thomas, Esq., of the British Museum. To all these the Author desires to express his thanks for having in many instances helped to make the ‘‘rough places smooth,”’ and the completion of this work in its present form a possibility. Dee T5th Fulv, 1904. CONTENTS. VOLUME TY, PART I, PAGE OrpvER I. MARSUPIALIA—MarsuvupPIiALs. Dicdelpliviees——OPOSSUMIS sar eet acd < site ida hue ety her avec aera faye ah I OrpER IJ]. EDENTATA—EDENTATEsS. ea eeis EGIL CHES GME IE cie Sicgiped sc ee ees tanned bie ane’ xcs asa deptoans ene B 19 NMynmecopliacidce—Ant-Caters) n.d. eae hicks ae ew le eels Hl cass wor wim wvebds 24 LIS Sioa olp} ablfe te ove ann 2yc hill (oer eee NP Re Pe a a 31 OrpeER III. SIRENIA—SrrReENIANS. Mie ile —— MAILER i ted 6 ck Pies windy Rm eva ade ay wieder ane yd ve pul oliea ace 36 ORDER IV. CETACEA—CETACEANS. Balesnidee——B lean Wiwalesy: cries, siete nile tartadiore cle + set; Saba a, wibhecBeer es wee 39 PSS vette ce —— Sem WALES 5%, felis cg iscrsirce sh dycen/s GALa aves Dates, ooeleee Bien 44 Delpinunidz——Dolphins wPorpoises Cte) > fist se ne oes ane ee 48 OrvER V. UNGULATA—-Hoorep QuapRUPEDs. alee CASS Ui Glee ECCATICS omyam snsir at ated. 4 cy chudar Pes waned aah ete da Mt uiieaor’ hoi Meas 61 (Cinta BSS DY eters 20h i ee ir ean ie ae AO een eA en Sen AES 68 Antilecapridz—Prone-horh Antelope. : 2... b cencon eh ate lace we 81 Bowie —— Oates SMCem, Ct. Maa wuts Setel.ut viele dni one leulcis Bak en, bo cia 83 Pia epiitla Clea a iasa lt Mine ian: Sted eis at aes yr EY ae Sopk dees Wien MEG male ae 87 OrDER VI. RODENTIA—RopeEnts. SlokhinatdleS = elo) itiiait Apa ake a ana BSAA an et eae ni ELC tY ira hy eran S tn go Maer Cat chee etn iT cette pe oizts I ikaie.4 Hee Ses nmin Se. c ho iat ahaeateos 159 Mrinal eas MIMIIGE ViOLESa o atteghes Galle sosle sacacneatha“Gubelhiitelcnh aurea hes 162 Gemmnitee—eGUCHed URAGKE £ Jn aie Wid g.sct aacbrae taiace Wis, heta ee 300 Heteromyide2—Kangaroo Rats, Pocket Mice.............00e0enee 341 Oeioromuces—— nme Oclodonts ys (acres aiid ten dait'e gly wieyec wa etly eee 382 Eye in ert EOP CLV UES ff ee oie) Mace Mk Nev ve) ot ale Bold w ordgle Based al ye 397 IMasyprocmda =A Soutis, Pacas.. og eh ies file hid es wl Ye sakes aOR eee emis MeO GS rice cba lgueiin ce “oils ciieoxtboculd id ein, chute ha Mere alan Gye’ mee ds ATI xiii PLATE. Jie inl IVa: WAL, WAU WAUUE: PX ong OS SAT SEV MeV VI; XVI: SV TT), XX, XX. OU, ba XXIII XXIV. Oo, 2OOWIL XXVIII, XXVIII. DGPS OGOE. XXXII. XXXII, XXXII. XXXIV, XXXV. XXXVI, XXXVI. XXXVITI,XXXIX. GI DB XLI. Bial-OF-PEATES. VOLUME TV: PART I. To Face PAGE Callumomiysral Shomer he ue he sia hehe Feiss easy cee sat eee 9 WicdelohiySmesaimenCanawe ye rela cis sealers 14 Gabassousicentralisn cide is omc tayo ie CH Lmcheehus Mama hits. Aine s wnAelae w eee 37 INaGhieinectececlaucusman ares. = tameen case inte sens 40 MecapteratmebellicoSal nancial. Grccal sd en 41 BalesnopterardavdcsSoninces ser nae cee area 42 COolayOTEVICCDSsard sepsis Heirs os acti see, ese oie eee ceeke 46 ZS SRC AUR CS EIIG. fi) .roct Bes wade stat aces Ht ee 47 PN OGeshaspmMOCeiar pas syrest here pebo iin eeccneieie caja) o% 48 Oxcimustorca cer eseudorea erassidens iy. 4.4.4 42 7) 50° Globicephalus melas & Prodelphinus euphrosine .. 52 Delphinus: delphis & Tursiops tursio.............: 54 APA EISSUl Ghajequilenebhonh Ge dae gael wiodo bon aetins oe 62 ARAGASSUMpPCCAlae se tie ye vaste sieruons Ot RhaLen tment eee ee 66 OdontocctelusyastexensiSte -l ] eee ieee 68 WavatmnaasartOrimemroctin nee teipees, Gnutre maumane cise a Seo 70 PUMMUOCAP Taya MICKICOMA! W5.5 his 5 awit gine lite Pea ee chy 82 @ivaiss came ania ie (ee donee nar oes eA eeac ote faue 84 Macy Poa Miia AARGIIFY 610 pe. us ale ahetanisr ac broterataanalasd « «eM base a 87 CMTC HO MLE L As, Cos Rue tig avenue © ausnttings wiles b/ci 408 Ge DISA art Webern acratain aeksy ly wre oe) aie =icig' caaere 414 INEM IIS HEM EGEMINLCTS wreti is crite ene alee ensie vos scariest 431 xV BePOr ILEvsSlTRAMONS OF (CRANIA IN THE TEXT. VOLUME IV. PART I. Fic PAGE i, Clantinarartentets snntioaisaay ble ouaen sree che ale on toma oc coer Sore ak Mtoe ines pire ea 2 Pre een O Sa) OWA MMe aso g palatine ae ese SR OH SA ei oicy Ame + oe Ole tod 4 ReeeE Vietachinis USCOMGISCUS so ..2 sk 43 wustee oe side als gene ee cave a ee ia Pemmes iar tice nO MkII 6 3M Siow ok id A isons beie SRLS ana eie te Tlseele led age Ue 20 Cem ST LC KG Tis ra MUISC AIG, oi, gti h asic Guim a Sohal gp dom Raich View sintwral th eye a Re 22 eee ClO Mea CemcmIGe<. otis tcant WEG eh a 4 anit aaa oes alot sin Vaid 25 PeeNamManGtiame trad aGhylanies np deicnecss ao Si eiess «ek tie a hist sake e Be. hanes 27 Bema N ly asane tO MELO AUUTI CACC YI. gS scrote esc ns bos Rusvebeid site alae mE Bocleye oe 20 OME AUnMoO Vera CimChttiny se 7 toceat scones cra lebsie a mee se Ge aise ee eee Bo HOM CUloct a eclAGielli ca weueris ep aneascy “orn tantyh coos a haccn ty eset trs c! Sacha any bce scat eee 39 MM MIVGGLer MacnOCepmlaltie c 22 2c svs) Yada ha Lee Sais a othe nl gees 44 OES VU MS LOSCNUM I SMO HOC MUS ia nieye aie shri a A eiloeea tae Ceticl bin, eles ahepaeta eeepc 92 TAs SCARS (MLO SCebabS)) loon sabia aoe wow onde gee Ala order a diced Gn oo 990 Pee OCU MUO SCIICIS MCORP swe G6 aiectis cl abatennie 4s sentnye e oth ai) Soc e-aleaM anne 101 TE jKeunboabe: ((Crisradhunerhenbis)) Gey, lNowsnothanohlig yoo woe ashok ob anoe hee oa: 103 HOw Monts) CATOSCIUT US): MayaritenSis 2...) ers kiks Moe ce Alas be nN 106 Pe COMIT Si ALASCLUETIS) kt CORCESIG! voc kee x gut tats wicis cine eos se seh e Callie ee ie x WEI SCHEMES (OMOAS bu Av) Gh bhdzhalen We @ Mors go ciga ope oon Ob oo orem ag crc. 112 IOs SSherls CACclauinvogencinbis)) Ayondaleriwer 6544 5qeeu00cuccucaeabeoogns ee rae DOMES CUTS) (HES PETOSCIIGUS)) OTISEUS = tac) oe gees ee ee ale a ica ee mg Pee Cer S (LAM ASelttmS)) Ce SMCAGMS io 8 ee sets aces ws AW en es se le webs TEe2 eee STO MSC UMS 4 kia drl: cits wim ck ts assets a ages lesen os wine as ls alin tes 134 22 eieMS (Ammospermophilas)! bnesaxicola on. 2. 0c... ben dete ys 2 hee 139 ean OineluS (Atmospermopnilus) 1. peminsula Jo... 2 i.e ce ee es en es 141 Spee Citells (cerospermopmilus) microspilotus... . ote Caasene Rice pee eee ee 276 Nelsonita meotomodon f.25.s ecm ees ecueiers vie ter Care cence, eae mie 289 Mienomys melsond aha. ns Berne ge Nee then 4 getty Oe aes 291 WNeotomedom-sletomt. i ciali oad cccuk se ap ne dp ook ns se eee 293 PPOATODUS RGN AR ¥.) stcils bres sie eel can hie vei nto ip) eet eenets SNORE Seeman 295 Plo donnys eller la. th ee uate age eat eget cin e/a yand o ocfoacral oe ee 296 Maierotus 6; Dy perythrusses, fo ews. ase Sng ys, coun ee ae eee 300 NMISrotus. Gr ubyad Ws) GASLA CSE: cs)! rohit We gan us a's ata seater Pe 303 Microtus, (Orthriotirs) im bros) Flax. aes qs Santa eee a Cae 304 Microtus: (Herpetomys), puatemalensis v0 ols i: scence nse one on 305 BIGOT 2) PAMGMUS=. 3 cat spsce at BS eat coe by eR Re aka NTR are Mn eae 307 GEOMYS ALEMATIMS: . fans. 45. 5.0 abe Sivindiiata Maree Ose meee Te eee ast Cratosceomiys: CaStAMOPS) no ie deo optan aed maha aretnctce ence ie te Sere eae 312 PIAtyocomys: oy mmr So aie Be beta ne oa glen poe ney ete ee ae ay Pappogeomys billet, (0s ey) f ne nue Sa -pistas sto oe eats a aierene pana eee ee 321 Mrthoseomys Scallops: isi wc hte eye eieeye se a ve ieee nt eee nee a 323 ELSteTOSCOMLYS TOMdUS!. . . . Saki pie shen a tes Lee = eee ee ee 325 MacrGseOoiys CHEMIE 5 ' Misc cle tee ches wand x, Mey all tre wee eer ea 327 AIVSOSEOMYVS CIC MODUS a5. ai acts. s cite ites a Ha ae a SEG Te, nee ed 331 TR GIIOMUY'S, ATTOMATIUS 6. 2 oo ere diaries wine eel ieeliee ke ac DTV OW OMS, MUMS. esas coe acl) eae eee 349 MeTOgMAtOUSMMENClaMIl a4. Fain torte elas c 2, & nS pasla i fhe Witatan) soe eet ee aes Peroonathus: (Chetodipus) f.mesopolius: ..:. 0. nye vee ie ee 356 Pleteronnys COMMON oe gah cea cetdte ieee ahs eA aay Ane eee 368 Heteromys (Liomys): alboltmbatus:. ¢ 0.3). ¢ oc. gs = « ogee ate wena 374 EOriG SPOS eUIlES y o.\is vite soarngiem als etc tac ace aun ia ong tle cise ka aaa enti ane ace 3830. Proethimonys Gemtpaliss, 2.5 oles tet a core snc

O. 315: Type Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linneus. Falcifer Rehn., Am. Nat., MEKIV, LOCO, p. 576: Head very long; mouth tubular, small; tongue very long, vermiform; hand has third digit greatly developed, and armed with a long, fal- cate claw; all digits armed with claws except the fifth; foot with five unequal digits with claws; tail very long, not prehensile, equaling the body in length, covered with very long hair; ears small, oval, erect; eyessmall. Skull elongate, narrow, cylindri- form, and smooth on the superior surface; nares ter- minal; zygomatic arch in- complete. 22. tridactyla (Myrmecopha- ga) Linn., Syst. Nat., op soy Ds sis. jubata Linn., Syst. Nat., IeelmOOe Dn 162. GREAT ANTEATER. Oso Real in Costa Rica. * See Thomas, Amer. Nat., Fic. 8. MYRMECOPHAGA TRIDACTYLA. XXXV, p. 143. No, 115 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. % nat. size. 30 MYRMECOPHAGA. Type locality. Brazil. Geogr. Distr. Guatemala to Brazil. Genl. Char. Size large; tail very large, about as long as head and body, covered with long hairs; claws strong, curved. Color. Nose, head, back, loins, and tail covered with coarse hairs that are white at base, then brownish or black and tipped with buff; throat patch ending in a point on breast; stripe over shoulder end- ing in a point on the loins; broad band on forearms above hands; legs and under parts, black; rest of body, shoulders, breast, arms, and stripe from beneath ears to loins above the black, grayish white; white hairs on toes. Fic. Xl. MYRMECOPHAGA TRIDACTYLA. GREAT ANTEATER. Measurements. Total length to end of hairs on tail, 2500; tail to end of hairs, 1130. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 370; zygomatic width, 56; interorbital constriction, 43; median length of nasals, 150; lateral length of nasals, 171; length of mandible, 320. The Armadillos are remarkable for their ossified skin, formed by the union of numerous variously shaped scales into a bony armor protecting the body, head, and limbs. In some extinct species this covering was entire, but in the living animals it is divided into three regions, the anterior, median, and posterior portions, the muddle section consisting of a varying number of rings connected by a flexible skin to permit a curvature of the body. The inner surface of the limbs, and underside of the body is covered by a soft skin. Hairs often project between the bony scutes, and the skin-covered parts are more or less hairy. Fore feet with strong claws, upon the ea Eps Cee 5 La Coren a a 5 dite i. e FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE Ill, ZOOLOGY. 2 Try. Lod ee a ae CABASSOUS CENTRALIS. No. 35382 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size. Type. CABASSOUS. 31 tips of which some species walk, while the soles of the hind feet are placed flat upon the ground. The tongue is long, pointed and capable of being extended. Armadillos are harmless, nocturnal, and omnivorous, provided with numerous simple teeth that, excepting in one genus, are not shed. They are capable of running with considerable swiftness, and when frightened or attacked, they roll the body into a ball, presenting nothing but the bony armor to their enemies. Fam. Ill. Dasypodidz. Armadillos. Subfam. I. Dasypodine. Head narrow; snout long, narrow, obliquely truncate; pterygoids meeting below nasal passage; ears long, ovate, erect, placed on occiput, contiguous; bony carapace covering the elongate, narrow body, having six to twelve movable rings on the center and sides; tail long, tapering, the dermal scutes forming distinct rings. Front feet with four toes, hind feet with five, the nails strong, curved, pointed. 11. Cabassous. &—8 9-9 88 or ee ale Wes 36. Cabassous McMurtrie, Cuv., Anim. King., 1, 1831, p. 164. Type Dasypus unicinctus Linneus. Xenurus, Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 36. (nec Boie, Aves, 1826.) Arizostus Glog., Hand-u. Hilfsb. Naturg. 1, 1841, pp. XXII, 114. Tatoua Gray, Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1865, p. 378. Intermediate bands, twelve, broader than long; fore feet with five toes; claws large, strong; tail long, tuberculate. =o wees &. ¢ 5 j Fic. XIl. CABASSOUS CENTRALIS. MILLER’S ARMADILLO. 32 CABASSOUS. TATU. 23. centralis (Jatoua), Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., x11, 1899 PP. 4, 7- cinereus hispidus True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvii1, 1896, p. 345. MILLER’S ARMADILLO. Type locality. Chamelicon, Honduras. Geogr. Distr. Honduras, Central America, range unknown. Genl. Char. Small; plates in central rings of carapace, 29-31; occipital region of skull little elevated; zygomata, as seen from above, nearly parallel with each other and main axis of skull; hamular processes of pterygoids neither thickened nor bent inward at tips. Crown shields about 38; less than a dozen small, scattered scales on cheek. Scapular shield with 7 or 8 rows, the longest with 28 plates; dorsal rings 10, the longest containing 29-31 plates. (ex Miller, 1. c.) Color. Above brownish black; lower edge of carapace yellowish; under parts light yellow; legs and face apparently flesh color; tail brownish black, tip yellowish; claws light yellow. (Skin.) Measurements. Totallength, about 505; tail, 148. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 80; zygomatic width, 43; mastoid width, 31; palatal arch to middle of fourth molar, 16; median length of nasals, 23; lateral length of nasals, 23; length of upper tooth row, 26; length of mandible, 61; length of lower tooth row, 22. The Armadillos of the next genus are characterized by the nearly symmetrical toes on the fore feet, the second and third being longest and subequal, and the first and fourth also subequal and only slightly shorter; fifth toe obsolete. One species only, the Nine- banded Armadillo, penetrates the limits of the United States, and has a most extensive distribution from Texas to Paraguay. Several species belong to this genus, one of which, found on the Pampas of South America, from the shape of its head and the length of its ears, is known as the Mule Armadillo, or Mulita. (7. hybrida.) Subfam. Il. Tatuinse. 12. Tatu. Tatu Frisch, Nat. Syst. vierfiiss. Thiere, in Tabellen, 5 Tab. Gen. 1775. Jd. Blumenb., Handl. Naturg., 1799, p. 73. Type Dasy- pus novemcinctus Linnzeus. Tatusta Less., Man. de Mamm., 1827, p. 309. Cachicamus McMurtrie, G. Cuv., Anim. Kingd., 1, 1831, p. 163. TATU. 33 Mammez two pair, one pectoral, one inguinal. Seven to nine movable rings in center or on sides of bony carapace. Fore toes nearly symmetrical. Milk teeth two-rooted, changed only when the animal has attained its full growth. Fic. 9. TATU NOVEMCINCTUM. Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size. 24. novemcinctum (Dasypus) Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 51. 1, £700; p.. 51. octo-cinctus (Linn.), Schrieb. Siugeth., 11,1775, p. 222, tab. LxxIII, ase V1. peba Desm., Mamm., 1820, p. 368. longicaudus Wied, Breit. Naturg. Bras., 11, 1825, p. 531. mexicanus fenestratus Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1864, p. 180. 34 TATU. leptorhyncha Gray, Handl. Edent., 1873, p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4. novemcinctus (Cabassous), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1got, p. 4. NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO. Armado, Encubterto in Mexico and Cen- tral America. Type locality. ‘‘America meridionali.”’ Brazil(?) Geogr. Distr. Texas, through Mexico and Central America to Paraguay. Genl. Char. Shield with eight movable rings in the middle, and nine on the sides; tail as long as body without head, covered by twelve rings and not enveloped in a cone; molars, 32. Fic. XII]. TATU NOVEMCINCTUM. NINE-BANDED ARMADILLO. Color. Bare skin on face flesh color with a few scattered yel- lowish hairs; head shield pale brown, that on the back black; scales on sides yellowish white; ears brown, toes yellowish with white claws; tail brownish black, the anterior half of scales yellowish white. Measurements. Total length, 237; tail vertebre, 90; hind foot, 31; ear, 22. Skull: total length, 70; zygomatic width, 32; across postorbital processes, 22; length of nasals, 17; length of upper tooth row, 16; length of mandible, 56; length of lower tooth row, 18. Order III. Sirenia. Sirenians. The Sirenians are mammals constituted especially for an aquatic life, and formerly were confounded with the Cetaceans, with which, however, they have no relationship. Like the members of the Order CeracEa, the Sirenians have no hind limbs, and those on the forward part of the body have been transformed into paddles, and the tail has been expanded into a flattened rudder. The head is of the ordinary mammal type, being small for the body, with a rounded superior outline, but the nostrils are provided with flaps that open and close at the will of the animal. There are no fins. The eye is small, and the ear has no external conch. Thick lips, provided with a number of bristly hairs, cover the small mouth, and the skin of the body is thick, with sometimes hair distributed sparsely over it. The female has two pectoral mamme. ‘Teeth are entirely absent in some species, like Steller’s Sea-Cow, but others have both incisors and molars. The bones of the skeleton are massive and dense, the skull being remarkable in this respect. Collar and nasal bones are absent and there is no sacrum, but the pelvis is represented by a pair of small bones. The two bones of the fore- arm are usually ankylosed at the extremities, and the digits are five in number. The lungs extend backward nearly to the last rib and are very narrow. Rough, horny plates cover the symphysis of the mandible, and the surface of the tongue is similar to these plates. Three species of Manatee are included in the family, one of which, Steller’s Sea-Cow (Hydrodamalis gigas), is now extinct. This animal, the largest of all, was from twenty to twenty-eight feet in length, and at the time when Steller visited Bering Sea in 1741, was very numerous around Bering and Copper Islands. The flesh, unfortu- nately, was found to be highly palatable, far superior to salt pork, and the sailors slaughtered the inoffensive beasts, until the last one was killed in 1768. No skin has been preserved, and a collection of bones in St. Petersburg and Washington alone remain to show what kind of animal it was. Two living species of Manatee remain in the New World, one, 7. manatus, in southern North America; the other, 7. inunguts, restricted to the rivers Amazon and Orinoco, in South America. In the Old World, one, 7. senegalensis, is confined to West Africa in the district comprised between 10°—16° latitude, and 20°—27° longitude. East Africa, Australia, Ceylon, and islands in the Bay of Bengal, the Indo-Malay Archipelago and the Philippines possess the Dugong, more a marine animal than the Manatee, which 35 36 TRICHECHUS, is found chiefly in the rivers. Three species of Dugong have been recognized: H. tabernaculi, from the Red Sea, H. dugong, from the Indian Seas, and H. australis, from Australia. In disposition these animals are gentle and inoffensive, feeding on water plants and grasses, and formerly, before their numbers were so greatly reduced by man, were met with in herds composed of various families, and in the case of Steller’s Sea-Cow the herds were of great size. Fam. l. Triechechidze. Manatees. 13. *Trichechus. 6-6 I1I—I1 . S—eeuOienwe ML =e tO ce S99 OF 52, _ Nib > 2 Trichechus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1 manatus Linneeus. Manatus Brunn., Zool. Fund., 1772, pp. 34, 38, 39; Jd. Scopoli, Intr. Hist. Nat., 1777, p. 490; Jd. Storr, Prodr., Meth. Mamm., E789, De 40s 1758, p. 34. Type Trichechus ’ Fic. XIV. TRICHECHUS MANATUS. MANATEE. * If the tenth edition, 1758, of Linn. Syst. Nat., is taken as a starting point for nomenclature then the generic term for the Manatee would be TrIcHECHUS, and for the walrus, OboB.&NuUs (ODONTOB&NUS), Briss.,1760. Should Brisson’s name be rejected, as it probably ought to be, then Rosmarus, Scopoli, 1777, would be the proper name for the Walrus. But if the twelfth edition is the starting point, then TricnEcuus stands for the Walrus and Manarus for the Manatees. i , , i av. ‘ ; ‘ ‘ ; AY hae yey ee | PE a7 a nA a id 7 \ ET rapa i Bu ' MS j 7 ‘ ali hi Af : j ‘' 1) t i’ ' ee 4 a, eo , 1 , < | 4 \ Vi : y n ¥ ( i‘ i r ‘ H 4 y’ t Cis | 4 A) * ~ ~s be r ! om | 1 é ad A ( ‘ d i ¥ ‘ t ; bs 7 { | a j ‘ . ‘ ¥ ~ § = A ‘ « . : * ; - = « - | 4 . = ' ‘ Js t é fae 7 U ij ] “ FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE IV, ZOOLOGY, TRICHECHUS MANATUS. No. 49 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. 4% nat, size. ee ee ee ee FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. TRICHECHUS MAN No. 49 Field Columbian Mus. TRICHECHUS. 37 Skull arched, descending rapidly anteriorly from frontals to nasals; zygomata large and massive; jugal greatly developed. Orbit small, prominent, almost inclosed by bone; anterior nares lozenge- shaped, extending behind orbits. The mandible is massive, with a horny plate attached anteriorly, which supplies the place of teeth. Molar teeth in both jaws similar in character, square enameled crowns elevated into transverse tuberculate ridges; those in the upper rows having two ridges and three roots, those in the lower three ridges and two roots. 25. manatus (T77ichechus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 34. manatus (Manatus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1766, p. 49. latirostris (Manatus), Harl., Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1824, p.iii. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 6. australis Tilesius, Jahrb. Naturg., 1, 1802, p. 23. americanus Desm., Dict. Hist. Nat., 1817, p. 262, pl. 96. (Part.) fluviatilis Schreb., Saugeth. Suppl., 1846, pl. 379. MaNnaTEE. Vacca de Agua, in Guatemala. Type locality. East coast of Florida near the Cape. Geogr. Distr. Florida coast to Yucatan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Those of the genus. Color. Grayish black over all the body. Measurements. Total length, 2268. Skull: total length, 380; zygomatic width, 220; interorbital constriction, 70; palatal arch to end of palatal floor, 155; length of mandible, 215; height at coronoid process, 135. Order IV. Cetacea. Cetaceans. The CETACEANS, abounding in all the seas of the Globe, and also even in some of the larger rivers of both Hemispheres, live entirely in the water, in which their young are brought forth; and they never appear upon the land unless accidentally thrown upon the beach by the waves. The Order contains the largest of living mammals, the Yellow-bellied Whale, B. suljurea, measuring ninety-five feet in length and weighing one hundred and forty-seven tons. Dependent upon air received into the lungs for respiration, whales are forced to rise at intervals to the surface, when the lungs are emptied with considerable force, causing a cloud of vapor to be lifted high in the air, which gives rise to the term “‘spouting”’ or “‘blowing,’’ and by this act the animal betrays its presence to the whaler. Admiurably adapted to a life in the water, these animals, although possessing a fish-like form, have an entire structure characteristic of the Mammalia. The Cetacea have two anterior limbs, and traces of a hinder pair. The forward pair is covered with a leathery skin, in shape like a flat- tened paddle, while the hinder limbs are not visible externally. Within the body there are indications of a pelvis, and two small bones that may represent the ischia. From want of use in the element in which they live, the hind limbs have become atrophied. The stomach, like that of the ruminants, is complex, and divided into several compartments, varying in number with the different genera, from three or four in PHoc#Na to eight in Zipuius, while the Sperm Whales have three, and the Whalebone Whales are stated to have four. These last, comprising the family BALANIDAE, are distinguished from the rest by the absence of teeth in both jaws, although, singularly enough, these are present in the early develop- ment of the embryo. The baleen, or so-called ‘“‘whalebone,”’ is a series of flattened horny plates (varying in number, amounting in some cases to as many as four hundred), which are placed on each side of the palate, leaving an open middle space. They serve as strainers, being in close proximity, and retain the small molluscs, fish and other creatures, when the water that has been taken with them into the mouth is ejected. The color of the baleen varies from jet black through different shades to creamy white. Baleen Whales are distinguished by their enormous heads, which are about one- third the total length of the animal, a curved mouth extending behind the blow-holes, apparently pigmy eyes (although they are four times the size of those of an ox); short heavy pectoral fins, and 38 BALAENIDZ. 39 long baleen. The largest of these animals is the Bowhead, or Arctic Right Whale, B. mysticetus, which yields more oil and a better quantity of whalebone than any other species. Although huge in bulk, its gullet is not over two inches in diameter, and its food consists of microscopic organisms, millions of which are swallowed at a time. It is emphatically an ice whale, living amid floes and vast fields of ice of the Polar regions. Various species of these whales, arranged under separate genera, frequent the different seas. Fam. |l. Baleenidz. Baleen Whales. F. W. True, On the nomenclature of the Whalebone Whales of the tenth edition of Linneus, Systema Nature. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., TS98, p: 617: Fig. 10. BALANA GLACIALIS—BALEEN. Riverside Nat. History. Teeth absent in both jaws, present in foetal life; palate furnished with whalebone. Rami of mandible greatly arched outward, meet- ing at an angle at apex, there connected by fibrous tissues. Skull symmetrical. First pair of ribs alone joined to the sternum; the others are fastened to the vertebre by ligaments. Nasals roofing the anterior nasal passages. 40 RHACHIANECTES. MEGAPTERA. Fig. XV. BALEEN WHALE ATTACKED BY KILLER WHALES. Riverside Nat. History. 14. Rhachianectes. Rhachianectes Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869, p. 15. Type A. glaucus Cope. Head small, body elongate; pectoral fin narrow; no dorsal fin; skin of throat smooth; baleen short and coarse. 26. glaucus (Agaphelus), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869, LTS. glaucus (Rhachianectes) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 9. Gray WHALE. Type locality. Coast of California. Geogr. Distr. Coast of Lower California to north Pacific and Arctic Oceans; Okhotsk and Bering Seas. Genl. Char. Superior outline of head convex; size moderately large. Color. Mottled gray, sometimes blackish. Measurements. Total length, 36 to 4o feet. 15. Megaptera. Megaptera Gray, Erebus and Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 16. Type Balena boops Linneus. Megapteron Gray, Erebus and Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 61. Kyphobalena Eschr., Nord. Wallth., 1849, p. 56. 7 ows FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE VI, ZOOLOGY. RHACHIANECTES GLAUCUS. U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE VII, ZOOLOGY. RHACHIANECTES GLAUCUS. U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE VIII, ZOOLOGY. RHACHIANECTES GLAUCUS. U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. PLATE 1X, ZOOLOGY. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. MEGAPTERA N. BELLICOSA Acad. Nat. Sciences Coll ho eee rags) ’ | PLATE X, ZOOLOGY, FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. MEGAPTERA N. BELLICOSA. Acad, Nat. Sciences Coll, PLATE XI, ZOOLOGY. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. + pope Sree tare APTERA N. BELLICOSA. Nat. Sciences Coll. MEG \cad. MEGAPTERA. 41 Megapteropsis Van Ben., Res. Cét. Belgique, Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brus, Toor, p. (38. Pescopia Gray, Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1864, p. 207, fig. 3. Head moderate; baleen short, broad; skin of throat plicate, or folded; pectorals long and narrow, one-fourth of the entire length of animal; dorsal low; vertebre, 53; cervical vertebre free, sometimes ankylosed; nuchal arch high, subcircular; frontal broad. REY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Upper parts black. PAGE 0 GMI Sli) ei a a M.n.bellicosa 41 MN UO tr sk cd betes A wis sie. bd ee eb ane M.versabilis 41 nodosa bellicosa (Megaptera), Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., x1, 1870, pe 162, FIGHTING WHALE. Type locality. Vicinity of St. Bartholomew’s Island, West Indies. Geogr. Distr. Carribean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic. Genl. Char. Cranium similar to that of M. longimana; supra- occipital with a deep median groove from foramen magnum to near Superior surface. with a protuberance on each side near middle; nasals in contact for much of their length, external beveled portion concealed by maxille; otic bulla subcylindrical; ramus slender, curved; coronoid process subtriangular, acuminate; first rib with head simple; scapula simple. Color. Above sooty black, under parts and pectoral fins beneath, white spotted with black. Measurements. Total length, 32 feet. Skull, total length, 9 feet; fieeais, 11.5 inches; width of cranium behind orbits, 5 feet, 4 inches; ramus on curve, g feet, ro inches. 27. versabilis (Megaptera), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869, paras) Ediot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. ro. Hump-BACKED WHALE. Type locality. Northwest coast of America. Geogr. Distr. North Pacific Ocean to Alaska. Genl. Char. Pectoral fins between one-third and one-fourth the total length; pectoral and gular folds, 26. Color. Above black, and in the most typical form the belly ‘‘is said to be entirely black.’’ (Cope,1.c.) External face of the pectorals black. 42 BALA©NOPTERA. The Finback Whales are numerous in species and are met with in all seas except the Polar. Their baleen is short and of inferior quality, and the amount of oil yielded by an individual is small, while their activity makes them so difficult to capture that they do not afford a sufficient recompense for the risk and labor, unless steam vessels and harpoon guns are employed. They are known by various names, such as Rorquals, Finbacks, Razor-backs, etc. Subfam. |. Baleenopterine. Finback Whales. 16. Balenoptera. Balznoptera Lacép., Hist. Nat. Cét., 1804, pp. XXXVI, XXXVII, 114- 141, pls. Iv, v. Type Balenoptera gibbar Desmoulins. Physalus Lacép., Hist. Nat. Cét., 1804, pp. XL, 219-226. Cetoptera Rafin., Analyse Nat., Adden., 1815, p. 219. Benedenia Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 211. Sibbaldus Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1864, p. 222. Sibbaldius Flower, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1864, p. 391. Cuviertus Gray, Cat. Seals, and Whales, 1866, p. 164, 1871, p. 54. Head small, flat, pointed; body elongate; baleen short, broad; pectoral small, narrow, pointed; dorsal small, faleate; cervical verte- bre free; skin of throat wrinkled. KEY LO STAE SPEGCRES: A. Under parts white. a. Width of flukes less than one-fourth total PAGE LN OG aes ws Gates oe B. davidsont 42 b. Width of flukes one-fourth total length........ B. veltfera 43 Be Under'parts yellow ov. ssicaes ce a ee B. sulfurea 43 28. davidsoni (Balenoptera), Scamm., Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., Iv, 1872, p. 269. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 12. Davipson’s WHALE. Type locality. Admiralty Inlet, Coast of Washington. Geogr. Distr. West coast of North America, Mexico to Bering Straits. Genl. Char. Dorsal small, faleate; pectorals small, narrow: baleen pure white. Laminz 270 on each side, not exceeding to feet in length. Color. Above dull black, beneath white; pectorals and caudal black above, white beneath; a white band across pectorals near their base; gular folds, 70, milky white, interspaces pinkish. Measurements. Total length, 27 feet; pectorals, 4 feet 1 inch wide; height of dorsal, 1o inches; width of flukes, 7 feet, 6 inches. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XII, ZOOLOGY. BALANOPTERA DAVIDSONI. U.S, Nat. Mus. Coll. a) "A ie a ait FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XIll, ZOOLOGY. BALANOPTERA DAVIDSONI. U.S. Nat. Mus, Coll. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XIV, ZOOLOGY. BALANOPTERA DAVIDSONI. U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. oo a Ahab uae aw oie 7 ? “its 4 Be ae BALAENOPTERA. 43 29. velifera (Balenoptera), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869, pero. wiliot, ovo. No Am.Mamm., 190r,:p. 12. CopEe’s WHALE. Type locality. Shores of Oregon and California. Geogr. Distr. North Pacific Ocean to Commander Islands. Genl. Char. Size large; width of flukes one-fourth total length. Color. Above black or blackish brown, beneath milky white; baleen light lead color. Measurements. Total length, 60 feet. 30. sulfurea (Sibbaldius), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869, p.n20: sulfurea (Balenoptera) Elliot, Syn N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 14. YELLOW-BELLIED WHALE. Type locality. Northwest coast of America. Geogr. Distr. North Pacific Ocean to Bering Sea. Genl. Char. Body slender; pectorals small, short, ends rounded; dorsal fin small, placed far back; baleen broad at base. Color. Above light brown or brownish black, sometimes whitish; beneath yellow or a sulphur hue; baleen black or bluish black. Measurements. Total length, 95 feet; circumference, 39 feet; length of mandible, 21 feet; longest baleen, 4 feet; weight of baleen, 800 pounds; estimated weight of animal, 147 tons. (Scammon.) The toothed Cetacea embrace a large number of species included in several families and genera, and are known by the common names of Sperm Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises, etc. All of them yield a cer- tain quantity of oil, and are objects of pursuit in all the seas they inhabit. The greatest and most important species of all is, of course, the Cachalot, or Sperm Whale, which, excepting the Whalebone Whales, is the largest of living mammals, attaining at times a total length of eighty feet or more, and individuals are frequently met with over seventy feet. It is a very differently shaped animal from the Whale- bone Whale, such as the Bowhead or Greenland Whale, for instance. The huge head is a high, straight-sided mass cut off square in front, and is about one-third the length of the body, and its great bulk is chiefly caused by an immense accumulation around the narial pas- sage of an oily substance which fills the great well on top of the head and is known as spermaceti. In the intestines of this species is found the valuable commodity known as ‘‘ambergris,’’ used in perfumery, and this substance is also met with floating on the seas this whale frequents. It is merely the ‘‘detained anal concretion of a diseased 44 PHYSETERIDA. whale, and is, therefore, composed of the refuse matter of the cepha- lopods that form its food.’’ Squids, cuttlefish, and octopi, large and small, are eaten by the Sperm Whale, and the largest octopus that ever lived, arrhed with its formidable beak, and long, disk-covered arms, would be helpless when seized by the enormous jaws of this mammal. The Sperm Whale goes in herds, at times of hundreds of individuals, usually led by some old bulls. It has been known to remain below after diving for more than an hour at a time, and it requires about ten minutes to oxidize the blood after rising to the surface, the animal respiring in that period about seventy times. When alarmed, the Cachalot usually sinks at once, but occasionally it will raise half of the body out of the water in the effort to see its enemy. Hunting this whale is not without danger, and many a boat and its crew have been destroyed by a blow from the tremendous flukes. Fam. Il. Physeteridz. Sperm Whales. Upper jaw without functional teeth, those in the mandible various, number often reduced. Pterygoids meeting on the median line and hollowed on outer side. Transverse processes of the arches Fig. 11. PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS—LOWER JAW. No. 296 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. of dorsal vertebra cease near end of the series and are replaced at a lower level by processes on the body. Costal cartilages not ossified. Cranium elevated into a prominent crest behind the nares, and asymmetrical around narial openings. PHYSETER. 45 1%. Physeter. o—o o—Oo ans to 2525 40 to 50. Physeter Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 76. 1, 1766, p. 107. Type Physeter macrocephalus Linneus. Tursio Flem., Phil. Zodl., 11, 1822, p. 211. (nec Wagl. nec Gray.) Upper teeth rudimentary; lower jaw with 20 to 25 on each side, conical, pointed, and recurved; posterior and lateral edges of cranium raised into a compressed semi-circular crest. Cranium above con- cave; rostrum elongate, its base broad, thence tapering to the tip; mandible long and narrow, the symphysis being more than half the length of the ramus; vertebre, 50; zygomatic process of jugula thick, massive. Fig. XVI. PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS. CACHALOT WHALE. 31. macrocephalus (Physeter), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 76, i700. p.1078 Hihot, Syn, N, Am. Mainm., rg0r, p. 15. CACHALOT. SPERM WHALE. Type locality. North Atlantic. Geogr. Distr. All seas. Genl. Char. Size very large; head about one-third the length of body, high, truncate, compressed in front; blow-hole longitudinal, placed to the left of the median line on the upper end. Color. Above black, shading gradually on the sides into the gray of the under parts. Individuals sometimes are piebald. Measurements. Total length of male, 55 to 60 feet; female much smaller. 46 COGIA, 18. de aii - , to ——. = 1§ to 24. I2—12 Kogia! Gray, Voy. me and Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 22. Type Physeter breviceps Blainville. “Teeth of the upper jaw absent, or reduced to a rudimentary pair in front; in the lower jaw 9 to 12 on each side, rather long, slender, pointed, and curved, with a coating of enamel. Upper surface of cranium concave, with thick, raised posterior and lateral margins, massive and rounded at their anterior terminations above the orbits. Upper edge of the methesmoid forming a prominent sinous ridge, con- stituting a kind of longitudinal septum to the base of the great supra- cranial cavity. Rostrum not longer than the cranial portion of the skull, broad at the base, and rapidly tapering to the apex. Ver- tébre: C, 7, D. 13 or 14, L. and C, 30% total, 5o:.or gr. All the com vical vertebre united by their bodies and arches.’’ (Flower.) 32. breviceps (Physeter), Blainv., Ann. Anat. Phys., 11, 1838, p. 337. ? flowert Gill, Amer. Nat., tv, 1871, p. 738, fig. 172. breviceps (Cogia) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., Suppl., 1901, p. 479. PicMy SPERM WHALE. Type locality. Cape of Good Hope. Geogr. Distr. Indian and Pacific Oceans, coast of southern Cali- fornia, possibly of Mexico, and Atlantic coast of North America. Genl. Char. Blainville’s description of a skull of this species in the Paris Museum, from an individual taken at the Cape of Good Hope, translated, is as follows: ‘‘Skull extremely wide and greatly elevated, having the frontal crests very high and consequently the nasal cavities very deep, something like those of the Cachalots, and terminate abruptly by the very short and pointed maxillz, therefore the total length is barely an inch greater than the occipital Jength. Sah The lower jaw has hecessarily, two branches approaching each other evenly, like a bellows, ‘and a considerable symphsis, with a narrow extremity, but rounded termination. It is ‘nearly certain that there ‘are no teeth in the upper jaw, but the lower Ras 14 or 15 on each side, all of which are not in place, 5 only on the left side and 4 on the right remain still in their alveoli; some have been replaced by others; they are narrow, slender, conical, pointed, slightly curved interiorly, and 6 to 8 lines in length. Length of lower jaw, 13 inches; distance between condyles, 12 inches. Length of skull, 14% inches. Another peculiarity of the skull is the inequality of the nasal cavities, the right being in nearly a rudimentary condition, and some twenty times smaller than the other.”’ FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XV, ZOOLOGY. COGIA BREVICEPS. U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XVI, ZOOLOGY. COGIA BREVICEPS. U.S, Nat. Mus. Coll. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XVII, ZOOLOGY. > COGIA BREVICEPS. U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XVIII, ZOOLOGY. — “ee iN ‘ " > F ; { } WS. N ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTRIS. U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. uty he yt. ik PLATE XIX, ZOOLOGY. = = uw n > = z = a = = al fo) rs) a po | uw x ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTRIS. PLATE XX, ZOOLOGY, = =) iW ” =) = z as a = =) a= | 12) ro) (a) = rm ve ZIPHIUS CAVIROSTRIS. ZIPHIUS. 47 The two-toothed Whales of the next genus were supposed to be extinct, as the imperfect skull of Z. cavirostris, found on the French Mediterranean coast in 1823, was described as a fossil. Various indi- viduals have been observed since then, from as far north as the Shet- land Islands, and to New Zealand in the South, and these have been separated into several species, not all probably entitled to the dis- tinction. Specimens have occasionally drifted, or been driven ashore, and as many as twenty-five individuals were at one time stranded on the Chatham Islands east of New Zealand. This Ceta- cean varies in length from fourteen to twenty feet. 19. Ziphius. joie}, See ——- = 2 hai Ziphius G. Cuv., Rech.Oss. Foss., v, 2d ed., 1823, p. 352, pl. xxvit, figs. 3,4, 7,9. Type Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier. Aliama Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1864, p. 242. Petrorhynchus Gray, Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 524. Ziphiorrhynchus Burm., Revista Farme., Bull. Acad. Belg., 1865, Id. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xvi, 1866, p. 94. At anterior end of the mandible on each side is a single conical tooth directed upward and forward. Rostrum triangular, tapering from base to apex; edges of maxille at base of rostrum raised into roughened tuberosities. 33. cavirostris (Ziphius), G. Cuv., Rech. Oss. Foss., v, 2d ed., 1823, Deese- Llhot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rooz, p. 16. Two-TOOTHED WHALE. Geogr. Distr. All seas. Genl. Char. Same as those of the genus. Color. Steel gray with numerous irregular white streaks; beneath white. Total length, 16 feet. The members of the next family, Delphinide, are many and various, and their arrangement into subfamilies, or even genera, from lack of requisite knowledge of some of the species, is not easy of accomplishment. Among the diversified forms are found, the well- known Porpoise with its many relatives; the curious Narwhal with its ivory spear, a formidable weapon both for offense as well as defense; the Cow-fish (Tursiops gilli); the Black-fish, or Ca’ing Whale (Globi- cephalus melas) #the savage Orcas, or Killer Whales; and the numerous species of Do.pPHIns, inhabitants of many seas, beside other genera 48 PHOCANA. and species outside the scope of this work. The beaks vary greatly, and in some species are altogether absent, while in others they are twice the length of the braincase. Fam. II]. Delphinidze—Dolphins, Porpoises, ete. F.W. True. A review of the family Delphinide, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1889, No. 36, pp. 1-191, pls. 1-47. C. M. Scammon. The Marine Mammals of Northwest North America, 1874, p. 40. Facial portion of skull produced usually into a beak; teeth nu- merous in both jaws; anterior ribs articulated to the transverse process by a tubercle; sternal ribs ossified; lacrymal not distinct from the jugal; pterygoids short, thin, and form, with a process of the palate, the outer wall of the post palatine air-sinus; mandibular symphysis short. Porpoises, often called ‘‘Sea Pigs’”’ or ‘‘ Hog-fish,”’ are accustomed to go in schools, sometimes in very large numbers, as they are very sociable creatures, and are often seen in bays and harbors, as well as in the open ocean. They swim with great rapidity, and frequently play about the cutwater of a large steamer, even when the vessel is going at full speed, and these animals are better known to the majority of people than any of the other Cetaceans. The genus contains numerous species, and they are met with in all seas. Subfam. |. Delphinapterine. 20. Phoecrwna. Porpoises. 2525 — 25—25 Phoceena G. Cuv., Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 2d ed., 1x, 1817, p. 163, Jd. Régn. Anim., 1829, p. 289. Type Delphinus phocena Linneus. Too, Head not beaked, rostrum short, broad, tapering; premaxille tuberculate before the nares; nasals flat; frontals elevated; mandib- ular symphysis short; teeth small, crowns spade-shaped, neck con- stricted; dorsal fin triangular, small, blunt spines often on anterior margin; pectoral fins ovate; first to sixth cervical vertebra coalesced. 34 phoceena (Delphinus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 77. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., Suppl., rgor, p. 482. communis G. Cuv., Régn. Anim., 1817, p. 279. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 20. vomerina Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865, p. 178. brachyctum Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865, p. 279. ? lineata Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1876, pp. 134, 135- PLATE XXI, ZOOLOGY. < w= & 3) fe) Ee a < Zz & cS) fe) z: a CO a <= o7 ak Zz FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PHOCALNA, 4) ae nee ene gy * Fia, XVII, PHOGCAINA PHOGAENA, PORPOISE. Common Porpoise. Type locality, Coast of Kurope. Geogr, Distr. North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans, Genl. Char, Slender; dorsal fin anterior to middle of the length, triangular, posterior margin concave, anterior about straight with sometimes a row of tubercles; jaws of equal length, Color. Upper parts slate or blackish, grading on sides into the white of lower parts; sides sometimes tinged with yellow or pink; narrow dark line from corner of mouth to anterior base of pectoral, and a broad, dark band often extends from lower jaw half-way to the pectoral, Measurements. Total length, 1727; length of mouth, rar; end of snout to dorsal, 737; length of pectoral, 178; height of dorsal, 102; width of flukes, 317. Skull: total length, 293; length of rostrum, 137; width of beak at base, 85; at middle, 55; interorbital breadth, 137; length of temporal fossa, 6. The ‘‘Killers’’ are distinguished for their great ferocity and strength, and are the wolves of the sea. They prey upon fish, and also warm-blooded animals, such as seals, and destroy a great number of the pups, and the half-grown young of other species. Banding themselves together in packs they do not hesitate to attack the Whalebone Whale, and several of them by hanging on to the lower lip, compel the huge animal, exhausted by its struggles, to open its mouth and permit the Killer to enter, when the great fleshy tongue is speedily devoured, and the unfortunate creature left to die a linger- ing death. Indivi@uals of their own order are pursued and slain by 50 ORCINUS. these sea-wolves, and from sheer love of slaughter more creatures are killed in their forays than can be devoured. They delight in blood and rapine, and the presence of the Killers can be detected in the seas they frequent by the lofty pointed dorsal fin standing above the surface of the ocean and cutting the water like the bow of some swift vessel, as the fierce creature beneath chases its prey. Orcas do not associate together in any large numbers, a dozen being perhaps the maximum, and whenever their presence is known, or the fins are seen cleaving the surface of the ocean, all animals fly for a refuge, even the ponderous Sea Lions seeking the shore. The Killers do not possess much oil, and consequently have little or no commercial value, but some coast Indians hunt them for their flesh, which they highly esteem. This Cetacean is usually seen in the vicinity of the Pribiloft Islands during the breeding season of the Fur Seals, and commits great destruction among the pups when these make their first attempts at swimming not far from shore, for it requires an expert in the art to be able to avoid the swift rush of this powerful mammal. 21. Orcinus. Killer Whales. Orcinus Fitzin., Wiss-Popul. Naturg. Saiugeth., vi, 1860, pp. 204- 217. Type Delphinus orca Linneus. Orca Gray, Erebus and Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 33, pls. 8-9. (nec Wagl, 1830.) Teeth large, stout, occupying nearly the entire length of the rostrum, which is broad, elongate, flattened above and rounded ante- -riorly. Pterygoids separate; premaxillea concave before the nares, narrow in the middle and widening towards end; head depressed, no beak; dorsal large, prominent, pointed; pectorals large, ovate; first and second vertebre, occasionally also the third, coalesced; ver- tebre, 52. Fic. XVIIl. ORCINUS ORCA. KILLER WHALE. ww ees : $ J i J PSEUDORCA GRASSIDENS. (From Van Beneden and Gervais Osteogra ORCINUS ORCA. e des Cétacés True. Ex 1568 rr nee ORCINUS. PSEUDORCA. 51 35. orca (Delphinus), Linn:, Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 77. gladiator (Delphinus), Bonnat., Cét., 1789, p. 23. arcticus and europeus Gerv. & Van Ben., Ost. Cét., 1804, p. 314. schlegelu Lilljeb., Roy. Soc., 1866, p. 235. latirosir1s Gerv., Ost. Cét., 1868, p. 543. stenorhyncha Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1870, p. 74. gladiator (Orcinus) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 22. ComMoN KILLER WHALE. Type locality. Coast of Europe. Geogr. Distr. All seas. Genl. Char. Size large, other characters those of the genus. Color. Upper parts of head and body and all the fins black; under jaw, throat, breast, and belly white; a white trident-shaped area extends back to the vent with one tine, the other two passing obliquely upward and backward on the sides; a large white patch behind the eyes; behind dorsal fin is a crescentic purple area. Measurements. Total length, 16 feet. 22. Pseudorea. Killer Whales. 10—-10 1hot— tol = 40. Pseudorca Reinh., Overs. K. Dan. Vidensk. Sezsk. Forh. Kjobenh., 1862, p. 151. Type Pseudorca crassidens Owen. Rostrum short, broad; rostral portion of intermaxille truncate at distal end; pterygoids short, approximated on median line; teeth large, roots cylindrical; vertebre, 50; the first to sixth or seventh coalesced; pectorals moderate, pointed; dorsal near middle of back, moderate, falcate; head elevated before blow-hole, compressed; snout truncate. 36. crassidens (Phocena), Owen, Brit. Foss. Mamm., 1846, De S10: meridionalis Flower, Proc. Zo6l. Soc., 1864, p. 420. destructor Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 293. grayt Burm., Ann. Mus. Pub., Buen. Aires, 1, 1864-69, Deg OFR Gls XT, crassidens (Pseudorca), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 23. LARGE-TOOTHED KILLER WHALE. Type locality. Coast of Lincolnshire, England. Geogr. Distr. All seas. Genl. Char. No beak; head sloping gradually from blow-hole to end of snout; dorsal in center of length, narrow, moderate; pectorals small. Color. All blaék. 52 PSEUDORCA. GLOBICEPHALUS. Measurements. Skull: total length, 595; length of rostrum, 287; breadth at base, 208; at middle, 188; interorbital breadth, 333; length of temporal fossa, 191. The Black-fish, the name usually given to the species of the next genus, are accustomed to go in large schools, keeping near the coast, seeking small fish, on which they subsist. These animals are inoffen- sive and gentle, and when alarmed can easily be driven ashore (if their pursuers are on the seaward side), as they huddle together like sheep and follow blindly any leader. They are found in all seas, and it is stated that the flesh, after having been exposed to the air and properly cooked, is not unpalatable. The Black-fish yield but little oil, not equal to that of the great whales. 23. Globicephalus. Dolphins. Black-fish. 8-8 = a to SS = 32 to 48. 12 >—h2 Globicephala Less., Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., Mamm., 1842, Pp. 200. Type Delphinus deductor Scoresby = Delphinus melas Traill. Teeth only on anterior half of rostrum and mandible, small, conical, acute, curved; rostrum short, broad; mandibular symphysis short; pterygoids in contact; skull broad, depressed; premaxille con- cave in front of nares, as wide at middle as at base; vertebrae, 57-60; first five or six cervical vertebre coalesced; forepart of head round; dorsal low, triangular. KEY TO THE SPECIES: A. Head with obtuse ridge above jaw; teeth conical, persistent in both jaws, confined to anterior half of rostrum. a. Color black, with white area beneath; length PAGE of pectoral fin, 1270 Mm... 22.27.) 3 G. melas 52 b. Color entirely black. a.’ Length of pectoral fin, 762 mm........ G. brachypterus 53 b.’ Length of pectoral fin, 864 mm.......... G. scammont 54 37. melas (Delphinus), Traill. Nichols, Jour., 1809, XXIII, pls 4, globiceps Cuv., Ann. Mus., 1812, p. 14, pli, figs. ny 2: deductor Scoresby, Arct. Reg., 1, 1820, t. 13, fig. 1. intermedius Harl., Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1829, p. 51, pl.ag fig, 23), (‘zg “sy ‘gif ‘d ‘ggQ1 (‘zz "[d ‘ggg ‘sulydjod pur sajey A ay) jo anSo[eyeg ‘Aevig woiq) ‘aniy, xq ‘sulyd[oq pur sajey AA jo sisdoudg ‘Kerg woig) ‘aniy, xq ‘SVIAW SNIVHd30Id015 (‘4S aded 3ag) "I/NISOMHdNA SNNIHd1300u"¢q GLOBICEPHALUS. 53 ancrassatus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 309, fig. 1. macrorhynchus Hector (nec Gray), Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vir, 1861, Die UO, M9s; 3, .3a. melas (Globiocephalus!), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 23. Fic. XIX. GLOBICEPHALUS MELAS. PILOT OR CA’ING WHALE. PiLoT OR Ca’ING WHALE. Type locality. Coast of England. Geogr. Distr. South and North Atlantic Oceans, Gulf of Mexico. Genl. Char. Vertebre, 59-60; maxille and intermaxille rugose anteriorly; second and third vertebre coalesced. Color. Black with a white area beneath. Measurements. Total length about 20 feet; length of pectoral fin, 1270 mm.; greatest breadth of pectoral, 279; from end of snout to dorsal fin, 1397. 38. brachypterus (Globiocephalus!), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1876, p. 120, fig. p. 131. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, Dp. .24. SHORT-FINNED BLACK-FISH. Type locality. East coast of Delaware Bay, at the mouth of Meurice River. Geogr. Distr. Gulf of Mexico north to New Jersey, Atlantic Ocean. Genl. Char. Pectorals one-sixth total length of body; dorsal for- ward of middle length; teeth, 8; vertebre, 57; skull massive; rostrum broad, the basal width greater than four-fifths total length; temporal fosse large, oval; intermaxille large and flat. Color. Entirely black. Measurements. Total length, 4648; tip of snout to dorsal, 1206; length of pectoral, 762; height of dorsal, 356; width of fluke, 1168. 54 GLOBICEPHALUS. DELPHINUS. Skull: total length, 662; length of rostrum, 333; breadth at base, 288; at middle, 235; interorbital breadth, 45; length of temporal fossa, 163. 39. scammoni (Globtocephalus!), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1869, p. 21. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 24. SCAMMON’S BLACK-FISH. Type locality. Coast of Lower California. Geogr. Distr. Coast of California southward; coast of South America. Genl. Char. Similar to G. brachypterus; pectorals longer. Skull heavy; intermaxille not projecting over lateral margins of rostral portion of maxilla; superior nares broad, and bordered by narrow plates of the intermaxille; pterygoids short, approximate. Color. Entirely black. Measurements. Total length, 4724; tip of snout to dorsal, 1372; length of pectoral, 864; width of flukes, 1007. Skull: total length, 690; length of rostrum, 340; breadth at base, 308; at middle, 252; interorbital breadth, 487; length of temporal fossa, 148. The members of the next genus, DELPHINUS, possess prominent beaks, and the elongate rostrum is provided with a large number of teeth, which, however, is not always the same on the two sides of the jaw. There are many species accredited to the genus, dwellers of various seas, and the one given below is common both to the Mediter- ranean and to the waters that wash the eastern shores of the American Continent. 24. Delphinus. Dolphins. 40—40 60.—60 ___ ae to 5%, = 160 to 240. Delphinus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 77; 1, 1766, p. 108. Type Delphinus delphis Linneus. Rhinodelphis Wagner, Schreb., Saugeth., vil, 1846, pp. 281, 316— 349, I1 pls. Eudelphinus Gerv., Ostéog. des Cét., 1880, p. 600. Teeth occupying nearly entire length of rostrum, numerous in both jaws, conical, acute, curving; rostrum twice the length of brain- case; pterygoids meeting on median line for their entire length; palate deeply grooved laterally; pectorals moderate, falcate. 40. delphis (Delphinus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 77; 1, 1776, p. 108. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 28. julvo-fasciatus Wagn., Schreb. Saugeth., 1846, pl. 361, fig. 1. ie des ograph é es, 18 TURSIOPS TURSIO (FABRICIUS). (From Van Beneden and Gervais, Ost Cetac Ex True. Cs) N wn os w a oo g wo er = iS) & vo P= i DELPHINUS DELPHIS. olumbian Mus, Coll, C ld DELPHINUS. TURSIOPS. 5d nove-zelandie Quoy & Gaim., Voy. Astrolabe, Mamm., 1830, p. 149. jamira Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 41, pl. 23. albrinanus Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped., Mamm., v, 1848, 111, p. 33. algertensis Loche, Rev. Mag. Zodl., 1860, p. 474, pl. 22, fig. 1. forstert Gray, Cat. Cet., 1866, p. 248. major, moorit & walkerit Gray, Cat. Cet., 1866, pp. 396, 397. pomeegra Owen, Trans. Zodl. Soc., v1, 1866, p. 23, pls. 6. 8. batrd1 Dall, Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. Scien., v, 1873, p. 12. microps Burm. (nec Gray), Desc. Phys. Argent., 111, 1879, p. 534. juscus, sowerbianus, variegatus, batteatus, moschatus (La Font), Pischn, Act, soca dain. b0rd.,°¥;) ho8n,-p: 127). pls, 4, 5.6. marginatus, La Font., (nec Pucher.), Act. Soc. Linn. Bord., vr, D. 5 Lo. curvtrostris Riggio, Nat. Sicil., 11, 1883, p. 157, pl. 3. Common DOLPHIN. Type locality. Coast of Europe. Geogr. Distr. Atlantic Ocean; Gulf of Mexico. Genl. Char. Body slender; forehead forming an angle to the beak, which is long and slender; dorsal fin in center of back, narrow; pec- torals three times longer than broad, pointed. Color. Very variable; upper parts black and blackish gray; beneath white or greenish white; black, gray or greenish band from lower jaw to base of pectorals; orbital ring black, from which a black band extends forward to the base of the beak; margin of lower jaw black; elongate areas of light festoons of gray on sides, traversed by two longitudinal bands of gray or greenish gray. Measurements. Total length, 1382-2008; length of pectoral, 280- 305; width of flukes, 393-450; height of dorsal, 177-203; blow-hole to end of nose, 330-350. 25. Tursiops. Dolphins. 21—21 25—25 Rica, © genoa Tursiops Gerv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., 1, 1855, p. 323. Type Del- phinus tursio Fabricius. Tursio Gray (nec Wagl.), List Spec. Mamm., Brit. Mus. 1843, pp. XXII, 105, Jd. Cat. Seals and Whales, 1866, p. 254. = 84 to I00. Rostrum with moderate taper; no groove in palate; mandibular symphysis short jteeth stout; vertebre, C. 7, D. 13, L. 17, C. 27=64. Dorsal fin high, falcate. 56 TURSIOPS. KEY TO THE SPECIES; A. Teeth conical, smooth; palate without lateral grooves; pterygoids in contact. PAGE a. Plumbeous gray above, white beneath...... T. truncatus 56 be cM lae ke. sas. eis cee aie tee ey ee teed T gil” toe Fig. XX. TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS. BOTTLE-NOSED PORPOISE. 41. truncatus Montagu., Mem. Wern. Soc., 111, 1821, p. 73. True, Proc, Acad. Nat: Scien. “Phil, 1903, p.. 313. compressicauda Less., Cét., 1828, p. 199. communis Fitzin. (nec Cuv.), Carr, Dalm., 1846, p. 75. metis Gray, Ereb. & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 38, pl. 17. cymodice Gray, Ereb. & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 38, pl. 17. eurynome Gray, Ereb. & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 38, pl. 18. tursio (Tursiops), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 29. BOTTLED-NOSED PoRPOISE OR DOLPHIN. Type locality. Coast of Greenland. Geogr. Distr. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, widely dis- tributed; Atlantic coast of Atlantic States, Maine to Florida, Gulf of Mexico. Genl. Char. Those of the genus. Frontal bone has no backward extension and the parietal is broad inferiorly. Color. Upper part of fin is plumbeous gray, tinged with purple, grading on sides into the pure white of the under parts. Measurements. Total length, 2907; of mouth, 319; height of dorsal fin, 229; breadth of flukes, 612. Skull: total length, 432; length of beak, 108; length of tooth row, 195; width between inter- orbitals, 191; length of mandible, 365. 42. gilli (Tursiops), Dall, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., v, 1873, p. 13. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 29. GILL’s DoLPHIn. Cow-FIsH. Type locality. North Pacific Ocean. TURSIOPS. PRODELPHINUS. 57 Geogr. Distr. Shores of southern and Lower California to northern part of Pacific Ocean. Genl. Char. Optic canal not reaching the level of the rounded antero-internal border of the deeply concave frontal, and the lower part of the parietal is a narrow band between the anterior margin of the squamosal and the posterior margin of a backward extension of the frontal. Color. Black, the under parts a little lighter than the upper. Measurements. Length of beak, 29.8; breadth at base of maxil- lary notches, 14.1; at the middle, 8.8; length of tooth row, 25.4; length of mandible, 42.7. 26. Prodelphinus. Dolphins. 30-30 4, So—So 30-30 *° 50-50 Prodelphinus Gerv., Ostéog. des Cétacés, 1880, p. 604, pl. xxxvitt. Clymene Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 237. Clymema Gray, Syn. Whales & Dolphins, 1868, p. 6. Teeth smaller than those of Tursiops. Rostrum long, narrow; no groove in palate; vertebrae, 73-78; symphysis of mandible short; beak elongate; dorsal and pectoral fins falcate. == IAXo) 10) Kolo), Fig. XX|l. PRODELPHINUS PLAGIODON. SHARP-TOOTHED DOLPHIN. LGN IO) AMshe SPs CMWas, A. Teeth conical, small, numerous; rostral por- tion of intermaxille convex. PAGE a. Purplish gray above spotted with white; breadth of rostrum at base, 109; at middle, RO MOCHWEEM OLIMES TAG. 1k ll vo muee P. plagiodon 58 58 PRODELPHINUS. b. Dark gray above, spotted with light gray; PAGE breadth of rostrum at base, 75; at middle, 46; Debween Orbits, tae hs ss hee eee eters P. longirostris 58 c. Black above; breadth of rostrum at middle, 66,067 at ase, Gro.82.. caw.ce «te eis es cree P. euphrosyne 58 43. plagiodon (Delphinus), Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p- 296. plagiodon (Prodelphinus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 31. SHARP-TOOTHED DOLPHIN: Type locality. Eastern coast of United States. Geogr. Distr. Atlantic coast of the United States, Cape Hatteras to Gulf of Mexico. Genl. Char. Dorsal fin high, recurved; pectoral fins broad at base; beak stout. Color. Above purplish gray, shading on the sides into the white of the under parts; upper parts and fins spotted with white or gray; lower parts spotted with dark gray. Measurements. Total length, 2157; length of mouth, 280; of pectoral fin, 304; end of beak to dorsal, 337; height of dorsal, 241; breadth of flukes, 527. 44. longirostris (Delphinus), Gray, Spicil. Zodl., 1828, p. 1. microps Gray, Spicil. Zodl., 1828, p. 1. alope Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zo6l., 1846, p. 42, pl. 25. stenorhynchus Gray, Cat. Seals & Whales, 1866, p. 396. LONG-NOSED DOLPHIN. Type locality. Cape of Good Hope. Geogr. Distr. Southern Oceans. Taken off Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Genl. Char. Dorsal high; nose three-fifths total length of animal; teeth formula, se vertebre, C. 7;.D. 14; L. 17-18; C. 34, =72=73: Color. Above dark slate gray, mottled with pale gray; beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 390-420; beak, 70-80; width of beak at base of maxillary notches, 75-86. 45. euphrosyne (Prodelphinus), Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 40, pl. 22. Id. Cat. Seals & Whales, 1866, p. 251. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 30. styx Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zodl., 1846, p. 39, pl. 2. tethyos Gerv., Bull. Soc. Agr. Herault, 1853, XL, p. 150, pl. 1. marginatus (Duvern.), Pucher., Rev. Zoél., 1854, p. 547. doreides Gray, Cat. Cet., 1866, p. 400. PRODELPHINUS. 59 euphrosinoides Gray, Synops. Whales & Dolphins, 1868, p. 6. nove-zelandie Hector (nec Gray), Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1873, v, P- 159. Gray’s DOLPHIN. Type locality. Unknown. Geogr. Distr. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, coast of Jamaica. Genl. Char. Body stout, beak long; dorsal fin high, falcate; pectorals small. Color. Above black; sides blackish, beneath white; orbital ring black; black band from eye to vent and one going downward and backward above base of the pectorals; this black band is divided from the dark color above by a white band which is broadest in the middle; broad black band from eye to base of pectorals, with white area in its center, that joins the white throat below the eye; fins black, margined anteriorly with white. Measurements. Total length, 2097; end of beak to base of dorsal, 932; breadth of flukes, 420; anterior margin of pectoral fin, 305. Order V. Ungulata. Hoofed Quadrupeds. The Order Ungulata comprises those animals formed for a terres- trial existence and whose food is mainly vegetable, although certain ones are omnivorous. The molar teeth have broad crowns and their surfaces ridged, and three pair are always present in each jaw. There are no clavicles or collar bones, and the limbs, as a rule, are only capable of a forward and backward motion, a rotary movement being impossible. The limbs generally terminate in solid bony hoofs, but in some cases the last joint of the toes is furnished with broad nails, and the number of toes varies from one to five, but in cases where the toes are numerous only two are usually of importance to the animal. In no instance are any claws present. The Ungulates vary greatly in size, from the diminutive Dik-Dik Antelope, pigmy Hog and Hyrax, to the lordly Elephant, the bulky Rhinoceros and Hippopotamus, and the lofty Giraffe. A characteristic of members of this Order is the presence of horns on some portions of the head, usually witnessed only on the male. These appendages vary greatly in size, structure, and pattern, and are most effective, in the majority of instances, as weapons of offense or defense. Many extinct species of Ungulates possessed four or five digits to each limb, but no existing species, except the elephant, has more than four, the majority indeed possessing only two, while in the horse but one remains. The Order has two divisions, those that may be termed the true Ungulates, con- taining the vast majority of the species, such as Hippopotamus, Swine, Llamas, Deer, Antelope, Sheep, Goats, Tapirs, Rhinoceros, Horse, etc.; and the Subungulata, with the majestic Elephant and the curious little animal, the Hyrax, very rodent-like in appearance, but entirely distinct from the other members of the Order, and which occupies quite an independent position among mammals. The Ungulates are distributed throughout the globe excepting Australia, and are found from the Arctic regions to the Tropics, the largest number of species inhabiting the warmer portions of the earth. Some Ungulates go in herds containing many thousand indi- viduals, like the American Bison which only a few years ago roamed the Western plains in countless numbers, but have passed away for- ever, save a semi-domesticated remnant; and many species of African Antelope that once covered the veldt with their mighty hosts are likewise rapidly disappearing before the rifles of the so-called sports- man and the skin hunter. 60 TAGASSU. 61 The members of the first Family of the Ungulates to be con- sidered, the Peccaries, differ from those of the family Suide in various respects. They lack one pair of upper incisors, and the anterior premolar in each jaw. The canines, large and formidable, are directed downward, not upward, and the last premolar is complex. The stomach has three compartments, and is more com- plicated than that of the true pigs. These animals are fearless and pugnacious, associate in droves, sometimes of considerable numbers, and when attacked, all assume the offensive, and are capable of doing much damage with their sharp tushes, and a man in the midst of a number of enraged Peccaries is fortunate if he is able to find a tree to climb, that being about the only method of saving his life. Two species have been long known, but lately a number of others have been described, some of which may prove to possess distinctive values. Fam. I. Tagassuidz. Peccaries. Snout elongate, truncate; flat terminal naked surface in which the nostrils are placed. Stomach complex; cecum present. Four toes on front feet, three on hind feet. Incisors rooted; upper canines pointed downward, with cutting edges; upper outer incisors and anterior premolars of both jaws wanting. Third and fourth meta- podials united at their upper ends. Ears small, erect. Body covered with bristly hair. Musk gland on the middle of the back. 27. *Tagassu. ome ie, SEs Seni ee = Ce eet er = 38. T. Gill. Note on the names of the genera of Peccartes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1902, p. 38. J. A. Allen. The Generic and Specific names of the Peccaries, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 162. O. Thomas. The Generic names of the Peccaries, Northern Fur Seal and Sea Leopard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1902, pp. 153, 197. Tagassu Frisch, Syst. vierfiiss. Thiere, in Tabellen, 3 Tab. Gen. 1775. Tayassu Fisch., Zoogn., 11, 1814, p. 284. Type Sus tajacu Linneus. * Messrs. Gill, Allen, and Thomas (l.c.) have given their views regarding the proper generic names for the Peccaries, each arriving at a different conclusion, no two of them agreeing, and thus exhibiting, in a certain degree, the very unstable foundation on which nomenclature rests. Not wishing to add to the confusion by giving another opinion, even if it were necessary, 1 have fol- lowed Dr. Allen, whose argument is apparently the strongest of the three. Mr. Thomas in a later publication abandons his position and accepts Dr. Allen’s view (l. c.). 62 TAGASSU. Dicotyles G. Cuv., Regn. Anim., 1, 18927, Pp. 237- Notophorus Fisch., Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, v, 1817, p. 418. Adenonotus Brookes, Prodr. Syn. Anim., 11, 1828. Size large; mane not covering the rump; sides of rostrum not flattened, and divided by zygomatic ridge; palate long, narrow, with median ridge, and extending beyond last molar; deep cavity on root of zygoma anterior to orbit, which is small and incomplete behind, the postorbital process not joining the zygoma; pterygoid plates of the alisphenoid form the interpterygoid fossa. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Rostrum and nasals flattened anteriorly, con- vex posteriorly; sides of rostrum excavated over premolars; palate with sharp ridge from first premolar to canine. a. Stripe over shoulder. PAGE a.’ Size small; color grizzled black and buff...... T.nanus 62 b.’ Size large. a.’ Shoulder stripe white, sides black and WV ELIGG ie «ons Sicutine! ss kaolin a AR ee rename T. angulatum 63 b.’’ Shoulder stripe yellowish ochraceous, narrow; sides dark, less gray........ T.a. humerale 63 c.” Shoulder stripe broad; sides whitish. 7. a. yucatanense 63 d.’’ Shoulder stripe indistinct, very narrow; sides prizzled ‘gray . .../\ terval Deen T.a.crassum 64 e.’’ Shoulder stripe indistinct; color mixed grayish and brownish black......... T.a.sonoriense 64 f.’’ Shoulder stripe, wide and tawny .... T.crusnigrum 65 A. Tagassu. 46. nanus (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIv, 1901, p. 102. DwarFr PEcCARY. Type locality. Island of Cozumel, Yucatan. Genl. Char. Small, similar to T. angulatum. Color. Above grizzled black and buff; broad buffy stripe on shoulders; rest of body with black dorsal stripe from occiput to tail; ears and feet black. Measurements. Total length, 840; tail vertebra, 32; hind foot, 175. Skull: basal length, 176; Hensel, 168; palatal length, 120; occipito-nasal length, 189; zygomatic breadth, 100; upper tooth row, 52. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXvV, ZOOLOGY. TAGASSU ANGULATUM. No. 56 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size. 5 heh | FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXVI, ZOOLOGY. TAGASSU ANGULATUM. No. 56 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat, size. TAGASSU. 63 47. angulatum (Dicotyles), Cope, Amer. Nat., xx11I, 1889, p. 147. tajacu (Dicotyles), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 33 (Part). TexaN Preccary. Moran, Jabalt, in Mexico. Type locality. Guadalupe River, Texas. Geogr. Distr. Northeastern Mexico into Texas. Genl. Char. ‘‘Molar crest erect, reaching base of canine alveolus; nasal bones angulate on median line; first upper molar quadri- tubercular, with intermediate tubercles, and quadrate in outline, molariform; molars wrinkled.” Color. Upper parts and sides mixed black and white, black predominating on face, mane, and along dorsal line; throat, under parts, ears and patch behind ears, nose and hoofs, black; white band over shoulders to middle of back. Measurements. Total length, 960. (Skin from Texas.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 206; zygomatic width, 104; Hensel, 184; inter- orbital constriction, 60; length of nasals, 80; length of upper tooth row, 62; length of mandible, 143; length of lower tooth row, 68. a.—humerale (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xIv, rgor, p. 122. ARMERIA PECCARY. Type locality. Armeria, State of Colima, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Colima to Tehuantepec, Mexico. Genl. Char. “Similar to T. angulatum, but sides grayer; head yellower; dorsal band more strongly marked.” Color. Black dorsal band from behind ears to tail; general color of upper parts mixed black and white, the white predominating; top of nose and head black and ochraceous buff; sides of nose and face paler, ochraceous buff predominating; sides white and black like back; rump mostly black; stripe over shoulders to center of back straw yellow; mane black and white; chest and middle of belly black; rest of under parts dull ochraceous buff; the bristles being ringed with horn color and buff; limbs brownish or chestnut, black in front; ears blackish; hoofs brownish black. Measurements. Total length, 960; tail, 60; hind foot, 215. Skull: basal length, 203; occipito-nasal length, 224; zygomatic breadth, 108; across squamosals posteriorly, 99; palatal length, 151; length of upper molar series, 67. b.—yucatanense (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, IQOL, pw123. YucaTAN PEccARY. Type locality.” Tunkas, State of Yucatan. Geogr. Distr. Arid peninsula of Yucatan. 64 TAGASSU. Genl. Char. Sexes nearly alike in color and size. Color. Similar to T. angulatum, but “‘sides decidedly whiter; shoulder stripes broader and more conspicuous and somewhat sub- triangular, broadest where they abut against the median dorsal black band, which is well developed; (shoulder stripes broadest and most striking in young); pelage coarser and scantier, the individual bristles decidedly larger and fewer in number; no black on nose or under- lip.”” (Merr.) Measurements. Total length, 880; tail, 36; hind foot, 183. e.—crassum (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIV, 1901,p. 124. Heavy PEccaARY. Type locality. Metlaltoyuca, State of Puebla, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Puebla and Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to T. angulatum, but larger; bristles large and rigid; dorsal stripe ill defined; ‘‘anterior opening of antorbital foramen between second and third premolars.’’* (Merr., 1. c.) Color. General hue grizzled gray; black dorsal stripe indistinct or obsolete; hind legs grizzled black and fulvous. Measurements. Total length, 950; tail, 54; hind foot, 203. d.—sonoriense (Dicotyles), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1897, p. 469. SONORA PECCARY. Type locality. San Bernardino River, State of Sonora, Mexico, near Monument No. 77, Mexican boundary line. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, into Arizona. Genl. Char. Larger than T. angulatum, with smaller and simpler molars. Color. Above mixed grayish and yellowish white and brownish black; indistinct whitish color across neck and in front of shoulder; muzzle, cheeks and space before eyes brownish gray; under jaw yellowish, triangular black patch on chin; ears black; limbs brownish white and black, with a light band above accessory hoofs on fore legs; under parts blackish; grayish on axillar and inguinal regions; snout plumbeous; hoofs plumbeous black; mane of black-tipped bristles from crown to gland on rump. Young pale reddish brown, with black vertical stripes. Measurements. Total length, 920; tail vertebre, 65; ear from crown, 115; height at shoulder, 610; hind foot, 200. * The position of the opening of the antorbital foramen is not a dependable character, for in a series of skulls from Texas and Mexico, this opening is found to be between the second and third premolar, over the third premolar (both specimens from the same locality),and between the third premolarand the first molar, and is thus shown to vary greatly. TAGASSU. 65 48. crusnigrum (Tayassu), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., xxx1x, LOO2, Pp. 20. BoQguETE PECCARY. Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, Central America. Altitude, 4,000 feet. Genl. Char. Allied to T. angulatum, but shoulder stripes appar- ently darker (young individuals); in adults the same. Color. ‘‘Legs, arms, central dorsal and central ventral stripes, black; rump mostly black, a few of the hairs (bristles) annulated with tawny; conspicuous shoulder stripes, tawny; sides of head and of body mixed tawny and black; all the hairs annulated with these colors; hairs on outer surface of ears mostly black; those on inner surface mostly tawny.’ (Type juv. ad. Bangs, 1. c.) Measurements. “Old ad. 9. Total length, 1030; hind foot and hoof, 170; ear, 80. Skull: basal length, 197; occipito-nasal length, 222; zygomatic width, 103; greatest width across squamosals post- eriorly, 98; palatal length to palatal notch, 140; breadth of basi- occipital between bullz posteriorly, 19; length of upper molariform series, 64.’’ (Bangs, l.c.) B, Olidosus. Dicotyles Gray (nec Cuv.), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 45. Olidosus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1901, p. 120. Type Tayassu pecart Fischer. FiG. XXII. TAGASSU PECARI. WHITE-LIPPED PECCARY. Ex Faun. Bor. Amer. 1, Mamm. 66 TAGASSU. Size large; mane long, bristly; skull large, heavy; nasals flat on top; sides of rostrum flattened, swollen over premolars and not divided by zygomatic ridge; palate broad, flat and without ridge between first molar and inner side of canine; zygomatic ridge dis- appearing over second premolar. Second lower molar with posterior cusp as long and high as the anterior. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES, A. Rostrum and nasals broadly flattened. PAGE a. Breast and under parts wittte; Vio. 2s... eee T. pecart 66 b. Breast and under parts grizzled black and PUlVOUSic ooo ek oe ge ene ee T. p. ringens 66 49. pecari (7Jayassu), Fischer, Zoogn., 111, 1814, p. 285. albirostris (Sus), Iliger, Abandl, K, Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, POTS, Or Ls labiatus Cuv., Régn. Anim., 1, 1817, p. 238. WHITE-LIPPED PEccary. Warree, Caribbanco, in Costa Rica. Type locality. Paraguay. Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America to Paraguay in South America. Genl. Char. Size large; lips and breast white; cranial characters conspicuous. Color. Top of head and upper part of face, from above angle of mouth to a line with the ear, dark rufous brown, palest on cheeks; rest of upper parts, sides and limbs to heels, dark reddish brown and black; snout flesh color; upper lips and top of nose, chin, lower parts of cheeks, throat, breast and under parts white; limbs below heels light brown, with a blackish brown patch in front; hoofs black; ears paler than head. Measurements. About the same as the following subspecies. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 250; Hensel, 213; zygomatic breadth, 103; interorbital constriction, 60; length of nasals, 84; palatal length, 163; breadth of basi-occipital between bulle, posteriorly, 20; length of upper tooth row, 72; length of mandible, exclusive of incisors, 184; height of condyle, 79; at coronoid process, 88; length of lower molar series, 79. a.—ringens (Tayassu), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xIv, 1901, Prtate SAVAGE PECCARY. Type locality. Apazote, near Yohaltun, State of Campeche, Mexico. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXVII, ZOULOGY. TAGASSU (OLIDOSUS) PECARI. No. 14872 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. % nat. size. | FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXVIII ZOOLOGY TAGASSU (OLIDOSUS) PECARI. No. 14872 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. ™% nat. size. TAGASSU, ODONTOCGLUS. 67 Genl. Char. Size large, ears small; similar to 7. pecart, but white face markings more extensive. Cranial characters distinctive. As compared with 7. pecarit the “parietal shield is narrower, elevated and bulging upward over posterior part of braincase; nasals more acute anteriorly; premaxille slightly longer; zygomata and posterior expansion of squamosals decidedly broader; palatal projection behind molars abruptly narrowed at post molar notch and continuing back- ward, with smooth parallel sides of equal breadth throughout; bulla smaller and ending below in an elongated papilla pointing toward hamular process; basioccipital narrower between bullae poster- iorly. (Merr., 1. c.) Color. Above black, slightly grizzled with fulvous, most apparent on sides of neck and shoulders; muzzle, chin and lips yellowish white, extending on under jaw to beneath ears; under parts fulvous black; legs and feet blackish mixed with whitish near hoofs. Measurements, Total length, 1180 (skin); hind foot, 229 (flesh), (Merr.). Skull: basal length, 242; Hensel, 231; occipito-nasal length, 270; zygomatic breadth, 112; breadth across squamosals posteriorly, 106; palatal length, 184; breadth of basi-occipital between bulla, posteriorly, 20; length of upper molar series, 78. The Pecora, or true Ruminants, is one of the best defined groups of the Mammalia. Its members are sometimes designated as the Solid-horned ruminants, in contradistinction to the Hollow-horned species of the Bovine group. The antlers, which are usually seen only on the male, are grown in a few months and then dropped, generally about the time the young are born. Some of these de- fensive structures are of great size, such as those carried by the Moose and Wapiti, and it seems almost incredible that their growth from a mere knob, that formed the base of the antlers of the previous season, to the sometimes immense perfected antlers when the velvet disappears, could have been accomplished in so brief a period. Nearly all lands of any extent, except Australia, possess representatives of this Family, and its members are probably familiar to more of the human race than those of most groups of Mammals. All sizes, from the lordly Moose to the diminutive Musk Deer, are found among them, and the shapes and styles of the horns are many and diverse. All climates are encountered by these animals, from the ice and snow- covered barrens of the Arctic regions to the sun-baked soil of tropical lands, but, whérever found, suitable modifications in structure and covering have been produced to fit them to resist and overcome any climatic influence hostile to their well being. 68 ODONTOCCELUS. In the countries south of the Mexican and United States boundary only diminutive members of the Cervip# are found, and but few species even of these. Most of them represent in miniature the White-tailed Deer of the United States, similar in color and style of antlers, though in certain species there is a tendency to a darkening of the coat and to the disappearance of the metatarsal gland and tuft, which, indeed, in some are entirely wanting. The darker color is merely characteristic of animals living in humid climates, but the absence of glands is not so easily explained. Fam. Il. Cervidee. Deer. Antlers solid, always present on the male, sometimes also on the female; first molar in upper and lower jaw brachyodont; lachrymal bone prevented from articulating with the nasals by an extensive antorbital vacuity; lachrymal duct with two orifices at or inside rim of orbit; upper canines often present, sometimes greatly elongated in the male; lateral hoofs nearly always present on all the feet; no gall bladder. Subfam. I. Cervinee. 28. Odontoccelus. Vo ; Ces = ee iN eae = = 32. Odocoileus (sic) ea Atlantic Jour., 1; 1832; No.3, p Tog) ames Type Odocoileus! speleus Rafin.=Cervus americanus? Erxleben. Mazama H. Smith, Griff. Anim. King., v, 1827, p. 314. (nec Rafin.) Dorcelaphus Gloger, Hand-u. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1841, p. 140. Cariacus Less., Nouv. Tab. Régn. Anim., 1842, p. 173. Oplacerus Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Scien. Phil., 1, 1842, p. 188. Reduncina Wagn., Schreb. Saugeth., Iv, 1844, p. 373. Macrotis Wagn., Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., Iv, 1844, p. 373. Eucervus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xvi1, 1866, p. 338. Otelaphus Fitzin., Sitzungsber, Math. Cl. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien., LEVIN, Abth. ty Heys ph on Gymnotis Fitzin., Sitzungsber, Math. Cl. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien., LEXVI, Abth. 1; 1879, pages. Dama Zimm., Allen. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1902, pp. 18-20. Size large; antlers on male only, large, with sub-basal snag, anterior prong of main fork more developed than the posterior one; metatarsal gland and tuft generally present; tail usually long, thickly haired beneath; face gland small; gland pit moderate; upper canines absent. IELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXIxX, ZOOLOGY. ODONTOCCELUS A. TEXENSIS. No. 7612 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. 2 nat. size. eA SA Aa ; ; gn ee ; , ; f) eal Bee PA, ° a: 7 rice, Way > of i. FF ne Fai 4 ; t 7 Hy Ae! am us : ie 7 4 9 J at i rece ) 4 . ¥ pF L 1 4e ae } 7 ~~ Pry FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXX, ZOOLOGY. ODONTOCCELUS A. TEXENSIS. No. 7612 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. % nat, size, i See, h ae igs a, = » ey Pr i i ODONTOCGELUS. 69 hey LOULHE SPECIES AND) SUBSPECIES, A. Size small. a. Horns similar in shape to those of O. americanus. PAGE a.’ Upper parts pale reddish; tail above black.O. a. texensis 70 b.’ Upper parts dull fawn; tail reddish brown...O.a.couesi 70 c.’ Upper parts gray brown; tail grizzled white Chale OVRO ca RON, pole ah ance ee rea ae a aia O. battyi 7 d.’ Upper parts speckled foxy red; tail foxy red BEM e attire nate Uenctrn Saale due icnaie wi Conia anal es. O. lichtensteint 72 e.’ Upper parts brown, tipped with fawn; ici heels s Cito OMAR gc: yas eve av «3 We O. rothschildi 72 b. Horns slightly lyrate, beams straight. a.’ Tarsal gland present. a./’ Upper parts bright chestnut; tail above RSME Waanvaserais ic catets Sichuan ot ocehe eimai fun eens (ae O. uit ~ 93 b.’” Upper parts mixed black and buff; tail OO We CLL MOM KN nomi aesun eihabode «sr O. costaricensis 73 c.’’ Upper parts yellowish brown and gray; Gala ONE GUSH ofc 2 oe kale wane ge bear O. nemoralis 74 b.’ Tarsal gland absent. a.’’ Upper parts dark chestnut brown; tail AIO MEG ROWE crite a. 3.tlu) Shea eec shale bre ws QO. toltecus 74 ce. Horns sloping back on plane of face, tips curvigg inward and forward, with a spike from burr on inner side curving inward EON WAL OI Sars aA AS SSTR Macs Ste oa Sew wie re ew O. thomast 75 ao oras small’subcylindrical spikes’........2..45 O. nelsont 75 - B. Size large. a. Horns with a single branch from main tine. .O. cerrosensis 76 b. Horns with short sub-basal snag, and beam curving upward and forming a dichotomous fork and again dividing, the normal points being five on a side. a.’/* Upper parts tawny; tail white with black eR A OI CEN TR Geol Ste st eng eae athe O. hemionus 76 b.’* Upper parts pale tawny; tail with dark median band above, tip black....... O. h. californicus 77 c.’* Upper parts fulvous; tail whitish, tip aes OPER en ee forsee ieee le ee O.h.eremicus 77 d.’* Upper parts drab gray; tail, basal half dark, middle part white, tip black......... O.h.canus 78 * Summer pelage described. 70 ODONTOCGELUS. c.} Horns simple spikes. PAGE a.’ Upper parts pale drab gray; tail whitish, tip; black: ../ poe hee eee O.h. peninsule 78 b.’t Upper parts yellowish gray brown; tail bright: rufous.) ogy peste ca eae O. sinaloe 78 americanus texensis (Dorcelaphus), Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., EOOG Piven a. texensis (Odocoileus!), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 40. TEXAN Deer. Venado in Mexico for all Deer. Type locality. Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. Texas and northern Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tip and edges of ears black; horns small, incurved; molar teeth large; color pale. Color.—Winter Pelage. Top of head black, sides light ash gray; upper parts yellowish white and gray mixed; black line from crown to root of tail; sides pale yellowish ash; chest fuliginous; rest of under parts white; chin white, with black transverse cross-bar; jaws light ash; throat white; legs reddish fawn mixed with gray and black; tail black above, white below. Summer Pelage. Pale reddish. Measurements. Total length, 1585; tail vertebra, 265; ear from crown, 160; height at shoulder, 880. Antlers. Length of beam on outside curve, 440; widest expanse, 330; circumference of beam at base, 80. americanus cowesi (Cervus), Coues and Yarrow, in Wheel. Geog. and Geol. Surv. West rooth Merid., 1875, p. 72. americanus couest (Odocotleus!), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, Deng: mexicanus Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1875, p. 653. (Part.) virginianus var. Coues and Yarrow, in Wheel., Rep. Geog. and Geol. Surv. West rooth Merid., v, 1875, pp. 72-75. var. couest Rothrock, Rep. Geog. and Geol. Surv. West rooth Merid.,- v5.167 5: arya: CoveEs’ DEER. Type locality. Camp Crittenden, Pima County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Arizona and State of Sonora to City of Mexico. Genl. Char. Smaller than O. americanus, horns similar. Color.—Summer Pelage. Above pale dull fawn color, tinged with ochraceous; dorsal area mouse gray; sides tawny or reddish brown; + Animal not fully. adult. t Animal not fully adult. w ODONTOCGLUS. 71 Fic. XXIII. ODONTOCCELUS A COUES!. CouEs’ DEER. throat, under parts and inner side of limbs white; tail above reddish brown, fringed with white, beneath pure white. Measurements. Height at withers, 812; at rump, 902; ears, 197. Skull: occipital condyles to apex of intermaxille, 210; width across orbits, 96; zygomatic width, 90; interparoccipital width, 45; length of nasals, 68; occipital condyles to anterior edge of intermaxille, 210. 50. battyi (Odocoileus!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. oe Batty’s DEER. Type locality. Rancho Santuario, State of Durango, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to O. a. couest, but skull with smaller ant- orbital vacuities, broader and less arched nasals; basisphenoid more cuneate, dentition heavier and antlers bent more sharply outward. Color.—Winter Pelage. Upper parts gray brown, sometimes tinged with buff, top of head and dorsal line to tail darkest; flanks lighter; middle of throat white; sides of throat, cheeks, foreneck and chest pale grayish brown, sometimes with a buffy tinge; lower breast, axilla and inside of fore legs, lower part of abdomen, inguinal region, inner side of thighs and hind leg, white; tarsal gland white around a deep orange center; a narrow white band above hoofs; 72 ODONTOCCELUS. ears gray brown; black patch on side of nose and on lower lip; tail at base above with the hairs dark brown, tipped with white; some- times deep ochraceous with the base yellowish brown; edges and lower surface white or mixed yellow and white; hind part of rump white; ear externally gray brown, white internally. Measurements. Male, total length, 1574; head and body, 1371; tail vertebre, 216; ear from crown, 190; from notch, 160. Skull: total length, 248; occipito-nasal length, 201; Hensel, 220; zygomatic breadth, 115; interorbital constriction, 61.5; mastoid breadth, 85.5; greatest length of nasals, 77; greatest width of nasals, 31; length of upper premolar series, 69.5; length of mandible, 192; height, at condyle, 64; at coronoid, 96; length of lower premolar series, alveolar border, 72. Antlers: length of main beam along external curvature, 353; from burr to top of fork of first point in straight line, 71; to second, 179; from second to third, 103; between tips, 218; between burrs, 56; greatest expanse, inside measurement, 340. 51. lichtensteini (Cervus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., rg02, p. 20 (footnote). *mexicana Licht., Darstell. Thiere, 1827, p. 34, pl. xvitt. (nec Gmel. et Auct.) Mexican DEER. Type locality. Unknown. Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico, range unknown. Genl. Char. Size small, resembling O. americanus in style of horns and general appearance; tail short; metatarsal gland situated in thick tuft of hair. Color.—Winter Pelage. Grayish or ashy brown, under parts paler; chin, throat, and inguinal regions white; chest reddish brown; tail above at base like the back, tip and under part white. Summer Pelage. Upper parts speckled foxy red; head and ears dark grizzled gray, tawny behind and below ears; chin, lower jaw, throat and under parts pure white; tail bright foxy red above, beneath white. Measurements. Height at shoulder, 2 feet 9 inches; antlers 11% inches long to 13% along the curve. 52. rothschildi (Dama), Thomas, Novitat. Zoél., 1x, 1902, p. 136. RoTHSCHILD’s DEER. Type locality, Coiba Island, off west coast of Panama. Genl. Char. Size very small; horns short, two or three tined. Skull small, delicate; antorbital vacuities large; no metatarsal gland. * Cervus mexicanus Gmel. is indeterminable; see Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 20, footnote. ODONTOCCELUS. 73 Color. Upper parts brown, hair tipped with fawn; dorsal line darker; whitish mark on each side of muzzle, and one above and below each eye; chin, throat, inner sides of the upper part of fore legs, inguinal region, and inner side of thighs white; rest of under parts rufous fawn, as are also the outer side of thighs and feet; tarsal glands reddish brown; tail above at base fawn, terminal portion black, beneath white. Measurements. Head and body, 1120; tail, 100; hind foot, with hoofs, 290; ear from notch, 88 (skin). Skull: greatest length, 201; basal length, 180; greatest breadth, 86.5; nasals, 6422.5; muzzle to orbit, 103; breadth of braincase, 58; muzzle to anterior premolar, Gr alveolar length of upper tooth row, 65; of lower tooth row, 26. 53. *truii (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 103 (note). clavatus True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 417. (nec H. Smith). TRUE’s DEER. Type locality. Segovia River, Honduras. Geogr. Distr. Honduras, Central America. Extent of range not known. Genl. Char. Size medium; metatarsal gland present. Antlers simple spikes, directed backward in line of face. Color.—Summer Pelage. Bright chestnut; dusky brown band from nose to forehead, which is darker than face; orbital ring whitish; white spot on each side of nostril and one on lower lip; head beneath and throat white; back bright chestnut; chest and flanks pale chestnut; neck pale grayish chestnut; abdomen, inguinal region and inside of fore legs and thighs white; tail above tawny, beneath white; hairs of tarsal gland white. Antlers. Slightly lyrate in form; beams straight, slender, laterally compressed and pointed; basal two-thirds rugose. Measurements. (Skin.) ‘Height at shoulder, 732, length of head, 246; tail to end of hairs, 239; length of antler, 88; juv.’’ (True, 1. c.) Skull: basal length, 200-220; length of upper tooth row, 66; lower tooth row, 73; length of three lower premolars, 28. 54. +costaricensis (Odocoileus!), Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, POOL, Pi 35. * The animal with red pelage as described by Dr. True, will stand for the type clavatus=iruii, The example mentioned by Dr. True, as in ‘‘ Winter Pelage,’’ proves on examination and on the statement to me of Mr. Townsend, who obtained it, to have been killed in July. It is a larger animal than truiz, and very differently colored, and cannot be supposed to exhibit a pelage other than that of summer. It possibly represents a separate race. + This may possibly be the same as O. nemoralis, the following species, exam- les of which from Costa Rica are stated to be in the British Museum. See ydekker, Deer of all Lands, 1898, p. 265. 74 ODONTOCGELUS, Costa Rica DEER. Type locality. Talamanca, eastern side of Costa Rica, and the foot of the Cordilleras. Geogr. Distr. Known only from Costa Rica. Genl, Char. Larger than O. truit, color lighter. Color, Above mixed black and buff, the hairs being black with a buff subterminal band; darkest on top of head, neck and fore part of back; sides lighter; throat whitish; under parts wood brown; inguinal region and line along belly to chest white; tail above cinna- mon, tip dusky; beneath white; ears dark brownish gray outside, white inside; legs cinnamon. Measurements. Total length, 1400; tail, 120; hind foot, 375; ear from crown, rro. Skull: greatest length, 250-264; basal length, 237-250; median palatal length, 155-165; width of palate between anterior molars, 38-46; interorbital constriction, 57-64; greatest width between lower rims of orbit, to1—112; zygomatic breadth, 94.6—108; mastoid breadth, 74-86; occipital depth, 57-58; length of mandible, 190-195; upper tooth row, 68; lower tooth row, 79-82; length of three lower premolars, 31-33. 55. nemoralis (Cervus), H. Smith, Griff. Anim. King., tv, 1827, Re i i HAMILTON SmitH’s DEER. Type locality. ‘‘Virginia’’? Geogr. Distr. Honduras to Panama, Central America. Genl, Char, Similar to O. truit. Metatarsal gland very small. Antlers small; beams straight, with a small tine in front above the burr pointing upward; another tine at tip turned inward and for- ward, with a short posterior tine almost making a forked termina- tion to the beam, Color, Forehead and crown blackish; upper lp and patch on lower lip, black; sides of nostrils, lower lip, and chin, white; space around eye fawn; rest of upper parts and sides yellowish brown gray; under parts of buttocks white; limbs “‘ochery’’; tail above dusky, beneath white. Measurements. Height at withers, 98.5; antler, 90.5 in length; spread, 219.4. 56. toltecus (Cervus), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodél., 2me Sér., x11, 1860, Pp. 247. yucatanensts Hays, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., x, 1874, p. 278. acapulcensis (Cervus), Caton, Antel. & Deer, Amer., 1877, p. 113. YUCATAN DEER. Type locality. Near Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. ODONTOCCELUS. 75 Geogr. Disir. State of Vera Cruz to Yucatan, southeastern -Mexico. Genl. Char. Size very small; tail long; antlers short, straight, semi-palmate; metatarsal gland wanting. Color same at all seasons. Color. Upper parts dark chestnut brown; under parts white; face blackish; tail brown above, white beneath. Color of pelage does not change with the seasons. Measurements. One-third smaller than O. americanus. 57. thomasi (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, Dp. Tod, Tuomas’ DEER. Type locality. WHuehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Geogr. Disir. States of Oaxaca and Chiapas, southeastern Mexico. Limits of range unknown. Genl. Char. Size large; metatarsal gland very small, midway between calcaneum and hoof. Skull and teeth similar to those of O. truit from Honduras. Color. Wanter Pelage. General color fulvous; forehead black, or black and fulvous; inside of thighs, middle of belly, hind part of fore legs, and inguinal region white; chin white, with the usual black patch on each side; tail above bright fulvous, beneath white. Antlers slope backwards nearly on plane of face, with tips curving inward and forward. On inner side near burr of both beams is a spike 110 mm. in length, which curves backward and _ forward. Spread between tips of these spikes 50 mm. On the left beam 70 mm. from tip is a posterior prong 50 mm. long which projects backward and inward. Measurements. Type. Total length, 1544; tail vertebre, 153; hind foot, 425 (ex Merr., l.c.). Skull: basal length, 220-230; length of upper tooth row, 70; lower tooth row, 73; length of three lower premolars, 32. 58. nelsoni (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, i, 103, Nevson’s DErrR. Type locality. San Christobal, highlands of State of Chiapas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, southern Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; top of head and dorsal band blackish. Color. Above brownish gray, grizzled tips of hairs fulvous; black stripe from nose to forehead, which is also blackish; dorsal band from head to rump black; ears grizzled gray; chin white, crossed by black bar; inner and back side of fore legs, inner side of thighs, and 76 ODONTOCGELUS. inguinal regions white; sides of belly and legs pale fulvous; tail above fulvous, beneath white. : Measurements. Type. ‘Total length, 1250; tail vertebre, 170; hind foot, 360”’ (Merr., l. c.).. Animal probably not fully grown. 59. cerrosensis (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. Ior.. Cerros ISLAND DEER. Type locality. Cerros or Cedros Island, off coast of Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Type locality only. Genl. Char. Similar to O. h. californicus, but smaller. Color. Above dark grizzled gray; blackish dorsal band from occiput to and over upper surface of tail; dusky spot on top of nose and one each side of nostrils; forehead dark; ears grizzled gray exte- riorly, interiorly white; throat and neck dusky gray; middle of breast and fore legs blackish; sides of breast and belly like upper parts; abdomen, and inguinal region whitish; thighs, inner side of hind legs, and back of fore legs buffy; tail, dark band above, basal two-thirds whitish, remainder blackish. Antlers. Small, bowed outward, tips incurved. A single branch projects backward and upward from upper third of main tine. Measurements. Type. Total length, 1560; tail vertebra, 180; hind foot, 380; ear from crown, 180 (ex Merr., 1. c.). 60. hemionus (Cervus), Rafin., Amer. Month. Mag., 1, 1817, p. 436. macrotis Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 11, 1823, p. 88. auritus Ward, Desc. Etats Unis, v, 1820, Pp. 540. hemionus (Odocoileus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 42. MuLeE DEER. Type locality. ‘‘Sioux River,’ probably on eastern border of South Dakota. Geogr. Distr. Lower California north through Nevada to lati- tude of San Francisco, and west of the Missouri River from Fort George, south to Texas; including North and South Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Nevada, California, Oregon, and Washington. Genl. Char. Size large, body heavy; ears very large, thickly haired; tail moderate, round, white, tipped with a black tuft, naked beneath basally. Metatarsal gland occupying upper half of outer side of canon bone; tarsal gland present. Antlers with short sub-basal snag, the beam from this projecting outward and then upward, forking dichotomously, both prongs nearly equal, and then again dividing. ODONTOCCELUS. 77 Color. Summer Pelage. Pale yellow, dull yellowish, or yellowish tawny; this is replaced in the early autumn by a bluish gray coat, growing lighter in color as the hairs lengthen during the winter. A dark brown patch on forehead between the eyes and extending below them on the face; remainder of face and throat white, as are also the abdomen, inner side of legs and buttocks; rest of under parts blackish brown; tail white, tip black; ear bordered with black anteriorly. Measurements. Total length, male, 1983; tail vertebra, 203. *Antlers. Length along curve, 393-698; tip to tip, 189-369; widest inside, 369-483. a.—californieus (Cariacus), Caton, Amer. Nat., 1876, p. 464. h. californicus (Odocotleus!), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 43. CALIFORNIA MuLeE Derr. Type locality. St. Julian Ranch, Summit of Gaviota Pass, Coast Range, forty miles from Santa Barbara, California. Geogr. Distr. In the Coast Range south of San Francisco and into Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Ears smaller than those of the type species; tail differs from that of O. hemionus by having a dark median stripe above; metatarsal gland very large. Color. Similar to O. hemionus, the chief difference being the dark band on top of the tail embracing one-third of the circumfer- ence; under side of tail naked, tip black. Measurements. Rather smaller in size than O. hemionus. b.—eremicus (Dorcelaphus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1897, Pp. 470. Desert MuLeE DEER. Type locality. Sierra Seri, near the Gulf of California, State of Sonora, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico. Limits of range unknown. Genl. Char. Size large, color pale. Color. Above pale drab gray; dark vertebral line from neck to tail, extending a short distance on latter; inguinal region, abdomen, and middle of tail all around white; chest sooty drab; hind part of legs pale cinnamon; upper side of tail at base dusky, middle portion all white; end black like true O. hemionus. Antlers are stout, with beam of considerable length before forking; expanse between tips, 620-775. Measurements. The type of this form was merely a flat skin * Ward’s horn measurements. 78 ODONTOCGELUS, which is now used as a rug in a private house in Washington, D. C., and no measurements are available. e.—eanus (Odocoileus!), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Nat. Scien., 111, IQOT, p. 560. CutnuAHuA MuLeE Derr. Type locality. Sierra en Media, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl, Char, Similar to O. hemionus, but paler (winter pelage). Antlers similar but lighter and more slender. Color. Above pale gray; top of head and face pale brown; chin white; breast black; beneath white; tail above dark on basal half, sometimes for the whole length, tip black. Measurements. Total length, 1830; tail vertebra, 230; hind foot, 500; height at withers, 955. d.—peninsula (Mazama), Lydekk., Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1897, p. 899-900. LOWER CALIFORNIA DEER. Type locality. La Paz, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr, Distr. Cape region of Lower California. Genl. Char. Size small, black dorsal line. Color. Wunter Pelage. Above iron gray; dorsal black band extending over the tail; flanks and legs chestnut; under parts black- ish brown; tail white with black base and tip. Antlers. Simple spikes, and basal snag. Measurements. Smaller than O. h. californicus. 61. sinalozw (Odocoileus!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. O13. SINALOA WHITE-TAILED DEER. Type locality. Escuinapa, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Color. Above yellowish gray brown; black band above nose; sides of nose, space behind nose band, and orbital ring gray; chin and throat buffy grayish white; axillary and inguinal regions, posterior surface of upper fore legs and inner side of thighs white; limbs buffy brown anteriorly; yellowish white on sides and hind parts below carpal and tarsal joints; tail above bright rufous, below white; ears whitish inside. Measurements. Total length, 1435; tail vertebra, 175; hind foot, 340; ear from notch, 117; from anterior base, 145. Skull: total length, 215; Hensel, 200; occipito-nasal length, 182; length of nasals, 56; zygomatic breadth, gt; width of frontals at anterior border of orbit, 54.5; width of constriction at base of horns, 69; mastoid breadth, 65; alveolar length of upper premolar-molar series, 70; young adult; antlers slender spikes, 45 and 88 mm. in length in two individuals, FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXxXI, ZOOLOGY. MAZAMA SARTORI. No, 7631 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. 34 nat. size. MAZAMA. 79 The Brockets are natives of Mexico, Central America, and South America. They are small in stature, and possess antlers in the form of spikes, without any branches. The metatarsal gland is wanting, and in certain instances (South American species) the tarsal gland and tuft also. They are peculiar little creatures, with the top of the head tufted, similarly to the Muntjac’s, or to those of the diminutive Antelopes of the genus Madoqua, the Dik-Diks of Africa, with a rather heavy, ungraceful body and an arched back. The fawns are spotted with white, like those of the large species of deer, and canines are sometimes present in the males. Although fossil remains have been found in Brazil and Argentina, the Brockets are considered to be a modern, as well as a degenerate group of New World deer. 29. Mazama. Brockets. Pe er ee = 32 or 34. 4—4 *o—o o—o’ 3—3? Mazama Rafin., Amer. Month. Mag., 1, 1817, p. 363. Type Cervus rufinus Illiger. Horns simple, unbranched, directed backward; ears and tail short, the former broad, rounded; upper canines occasionally present in male; metatarsal and sometimes the tarsal gland absent; hair on forehead forming a tuft; face gland small, exposed; gland pit deep, triangular; size small; fawns white spotted. Fig. XXIV. MAZAMA SARTORI. CENTRAL AMERICAN BROCKET. 80 MAZAMA, KEY TO: THE SPECIES: A. Antlers straight spikes, size small. PAGE a. Upper parts brownish red; tail above brownish 4 - a ae a ene eee dete" 8. | M. sartort 80 b. Upper parts drab brown; tail dull fulvous. ..../ VM. pandora 80 62. sartori (Cervus), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér., x11, 1860, D. 252. Sartori’s Brockett. Cabra del Monte in Costa Rica. Type locality, Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr, Distr. Southern Mexico and Central America. Genl. Char. Very similar to Masama tema Rafin., from Ecuador, S. A., but of smaller size, the height at withers being only 204 inches, to 25% inches in the other. Color, General color bright brownish red; throat, neck, and chest fawn; abdomen white; lower part of face, outer side of hind legs and front of fore legs shaded with bluish black; tail above like back, below white; antlers whitish horn color, Measurements, Height at withers, 512.5. Skull, male: occipito- nasal length, 144; basal length, 162; zygomatic width, 70; least inter- orbital width, 36; mastoid width, 32; length of nasals, 50; palatal arch to incisive foramina, 66; length of upper tooth row, 42.5; width of palate between last molars, 29; length of mandible, angle to alveoli of incisors, 126.5; height at condyle, 40; at coronoid process, 62; length of lower tooth row, 51. 63. pandora (\/asama), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIV, 1901, p. 105. TUNKAS BROCKET. Type locality, Tunkas, Yucatan, Mexico, Geogr, Distr. State of Campeche, and Yucatan, Mexico, Genl, Char. Antlers straight spikes, furrowed longitudinally. Skull similar to that of AZ. sartort, but larger; foramen ovale broad and opening downward; notch on each side of basioccipital in front of occipital condyles, Color. Neck grayish; chin, lower lip, and front of upper lip, inguinal region, inner sides of fore legs and thighs, and under side of tail whitish; tail above, and anal region dull fulvous; forehead with rusty red patches; fore legs, fore and hind feet dull fulvous; rest of animal drab brown, Measurements, Total length, 1125; tail vertebra, 140; hind foot, 273; height at shoulder, 572. Skull: basal length, 163; occipito- nasal length, 1§7; zygomatic breadth, 82; interorbital constriction, 44; length of nasals, 59; length of upper molar series, 50; length of antler, r1r3. ANTILOCAPRA,. 81 The Prong-horn Antelope, while allied to the Bovide, resembles the members of the Cervide by possessing horns with branches, and which are shed every year. The hair is very peculiar, being coarse and brittle, and breaks on the slightest pressure. The Prong-horn is an animal of the plains, and depends for its safety upon its keen eyesight and exceeding fleetness. Few animals can keep up with him as he bounds over the prairies, and his wary nature makes a near approach difficult of accomplishment. Yet his one great weak- ness, curiosity, often nullifies these advantages, and any strange object on his domains proves an irresistible attraction, and his desire to investigate it often costs him his life. Once numerous on our Western Plains, the Prong-buck has already vanished from many localities, and is now met with only in greatly reduced numbers in the comparatively few places it still frequents. ‘am. IIL. Antilocapridze. Prong-horn Antelope. Horns branched, deciduous; allied to the Bovide. 30. Antilocapra. C=O, 0-0, rr 3-3. Fae | I. re ee me aot M.S 92). Antilocapra Ord, Jour. de Phys., uxxxvir, 1818, p. 149. Type Antilope americana Ord, Dicranocerus H. Smith, Griff., Anim. King., 1827, p. 312. nTime ay geting ht iN a. p es " ‘ Fig. XXV. ANTILOCAPRA A. MEXICANA. MEXICAN PRONG-HORN. 82 ANTILOCAPRA, Horns compressed at base; flattened process in front, end conical, recurved; deciduous; lateral hoofs absent; hair stiff, coarse, brittle; nose hairy, save a narrow line in the center; tail very short; horns in the female rudimentary, or absent. KEY TO THE SPECIES, AND SUBSPBECIES:, A. Horns flattened, recurved. PAGE a. Color yellowish brown coca de ak een eee A. americana 82 b, Color’ paler... cain wats in piney vce anne rie A. a. mexicana 82 - 64. *americana (Antilope), Ord, Guth. Geog., 2d Am. ed., 11, 1815, p. 292, descrip. p. 308. americana (Antilocapra), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 43. PRONG-HORN ANTELOPE. Type locality. Plains east of the Missouri? Black Mountains? Geogr. Distr. Valley of Saskatchewan, latitude 53°, south to Mexico, and from Missouri River on plains westward to Rocky Mountains and the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington. Genl. Char. Size of domestic sheep with much longer legs and neck; eyes large, gazelle like; no lachrymal gland; low mane on back of neck. Color. Male. Upper parts and sides yellowish brown; band between eyes covering forehead, nose, and a spot below ear, liver brown; sides of head, spot behind ear, throat, front of neck extending in two triangles reaching the brown on each side; entire under parts and rump white; legs yellowish brown; horns, hoofs, and naked skin on nose black. Measurements. Total length, 1245; tail, 178; height at withers, 780. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 240; breadth between outer edge of orbits, 136; width between orbits, 134; length of nasals, 96.5; palatal arch to incisive foramina, 136; length of upper tooth row, 68; width of palate between last molars, 56; length of mandible, 216; length of lower tooth row, 70. a.—mexicana (Antilocapra), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xIv, IQOI, p. 31. MEXICAN PRONG-HORN. Berendo in Mexico. Type locality. Sierra en Media, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico in States of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas. Lower California. * This species may possibly cross the United States and Mexican boundary at some point in its range and go into Mexico, and is, therefore, included in this volume. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXxXiIl, ZOOLOGY. ANTILOCAPRA A, MEXICANA. Old male from State of Chihuahua, Mexico. 2 nat, size. LD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXxXill, ZOOLOGY. ANTILOCAPRA A. MEXICANA. Old male from State of Chihuahua, Mexico. 2 nat. size. OVIS. 83 Genl. Char. Colors pale. Skull similar to that of A. americana, orbits less protruding antero-inferiorly; premaxille and nose slender; bulle thinner; lips of posterior nares longer. Color. Similar to A. americana, but paler; median dark streak on neck, sometimes reaching shoulders; occiput whitish with median dark stripe. Measurements. Total length, 1420; tail vertebre, 145; hind foot, 410; height at shoulders, 830 (ex Merr., 1. c.). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 216; breadth between outer edge of orbits, 125; width between orbits across frontals, 104; length of nasals laterally, 93; palatal arch to incisive foramina, 127; length of upper tooth row, 72; width of palate between last molars, 46.5; length of mandible, angle to alveoli of incisors, 204; height of condyle, 67; at coronoid process, 95; length of lower tooth row, 76. Skull of old male from State of Chihuahua, Mexico. The Bovip& or Hollow-horned Ruminants form an extensive family in the Old World, and are very generally distributed except in Austra- lia. They are not represented in Central or South America, but certain forms are to be found in Mexico and northward to the Arctic Sea. One of the noblest members of the family, the American Bison, which at one time was found in millions on the plains of North America, is now practically extinct in the wild state. In this family are included the Antelopes, confined chiefly to Africa, in which continent a great number of species are still to be found. But some, which in herds like those of the Bison, once roamed the veldt in countless numbers, have disappeared before the hunter’s rifle, and many species yet living will meet the same fate if government protection is not afforded them. In America, beside the Bison, now no longer to be considered as among the wild animals, there are the Musk Oxen and several varieties of Mountain Sheep. Of these last, two varieties of the Rocky Mountain species are found in the northern part of Mexico and Lower California, and are the only representatives of the Bovide, south of the United States boundary. Fam. IV. Bovidz. Cattle, Sheep, Ete. 31. Ovis. Sheep. St 8. psa I 3s 3 — as Cs reer eer — 32-6 Ovis Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 70; and I, 1766, p.97. Type Ovis aries Linneus. 84 OVIS. Body stout; legs rather short; neck of moderate length; nose narrow, pointed, small naked space between nostrils, rest hairy; chin beardless; ears small, pointed, upright, hairy; tail short, pointed; lateral hoofs present; glands present between hoofs, and often on face below eyes; canon bones long and slender; skull broadest between eyes, then narrowing rapidly to nose; horns curving backward and then downward in a majestic sweep, tips everted, transverse ridges prominent. KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES. ican A. Above whitey brown? acme cn. eee O. c. cremnobates 84 B.Above drab: brompttc cl: s. 0 ica ee eatin eee O.c. mexicanus 86 Fie. XXVI. OviS Cc. CREMNOBATES. OLD RAM. eervina eremnobates (Ovts), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 239. Zodlogy. LOWER CALIFORNIA MOUNTAIN SHEEP. Type locality. Mattomi, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. San Pedro Martir and probably the Laguna Moun- tains, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Resembling O. c. nelsont from the Grape Vine Mountains, boundary of Nevada and Lower California, but ol: @ much lighter color, the head of a three-year-old ram being nearly white, with a very small caudal patch not divided from color of upper parts by any perceptible line; fore part of legs almost black, PLATE XXXIV, ZOOLOGY. VIUSEUM., Pricey VVLUIVIDIAIN OVIS C. MEXICANA. "Tc AN FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXXV, ZOOLOGY. OvIS C. MEXICANA. U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Fia. XXVII. OviS C. CREMNOBATES. YOUNG RAM AND OLD EWE. similar to those of O. stonit; head very broad between orbits, from 20 to 25 mm. broader in old rams than the head of O. c. nelsont; horns of adult rams very large and curving outward from the head; those of ewes with the points diverging widely apart. Color. Upper parts and sides varying in individuals from drab gray or pale broccoli brown to hair and whitey brown; in some cases this sheep appears almost white; chest, line along ventral surface, and front of legs black or brownish black; head and neck hair brown, darker than back in some individuals, drab gray in the old ram; back part of legs and inside of hind legs, narrow line in center of ventral surface, caudal patch, nose around nostrils and inside of ears white; line across caudal patch from tail to darker color on rump (as in all Mountain Sheep), and the tail brownish black. Measurements. Female. Total length, 1450; tail, 120; hind foot, 375; ear, 114. Skull: total length, 283; occipito-nasal length, 226; Hensel, 246; width between outer edge of orbits, 156; zygomatic width, 124; length of nasals, 109; palatal length, 148; length of upper tooth row, 84; length of half of mandible, 203; of lower tooth row, 82. Horns, total length along curve, 310; circumference at base, 144; spread at tip, 393. Head of old ram, total length, 330; width 86 OVIS. between orbits, inner edge, 180; circumference of horns at base, 395; length along outer curve, 850; spread at tips, 485. cervina mexicanus (Ovis), (Merr.,) Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, IQOT, p. 30. Mexican MountTAIN SHEEP. Borrego Cimaron in Mexico; Tenaizali Taye of Indians. Type locality. Mountains about Lake Santa Maria, State of Chihuahua. Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre and Guadalupe Mountains of northern Mexico and southern New Mexico and Texas. Genl. Char. Size large; color lighter than that of O. cervina, but of the same pattern; ears and tail long. Molars large; lips of posterior nares thin, everted. Color. General color drab brown; no dorsal stripe; rump patch broad; throat, legs, and tail darker than back; chin, posterior and inner side of hind leg whitish. Measurements. ‘‘Total length, 1530; tail vertebra, 130; hind foot, 425; height at shoulder, goo.’’ (Merr., 1. c.) The Tapirs are not a very extensive family, but have representa- tives in both Hemispheres. They are natives of tropical lands, and in the New World are not found north of Mexico. They dwell in the forests, generally near water, into which they often go for refuge, are nocturnal in their habits, and of a mild, inoffensive disposition. Their food consists of leaves, buds, and tender shoots of trees, and various vegetable substances. Tapirs of the Old and New Worlds, though living in regions widely separated, are nevertheless closely allied, but the Middle American species are distinguished by the more or less pronounced elongation of the ossification of the methesmoid, which in them extends beyond the nasal bones, but which in Old World forms does not go beyond these. Mem- bers of this family are not known to have existed previous to the Miocene epoch, and the animals of that and subsequent periods cannot be distinguished generically from those living at present, although they are specifically distinct. At one time doubtless the Tapirs had a wide distribution, extending from China through Europe, and in the United States as far north as South Carolina, thence west- ward to California. Tapirs have a massive body, with short, stout legs, and a long, prehensile upper lip, short ears, neck rather long, and a short tail. The front feet have four toes, but the outer one FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXXVI, ZOOLOGY | TAPIRELLA DOW. No. 6o19 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Tore] SE. se Se ee +MOG VITAYIdY L TAPIRELLA. 87 does not render any support to the body. The young of the Tapirs are sometimes spotted or streaked with white. In the Andes there is one species that in its choice of locality differs widely from its rela- tives, as it makes its abode in elevated tracts of several thousand feet altitude; and, probably as a protection against the low temperature of these lofty heights, has the skin covered with hair. Fam. V. Vapiridze. Tapirs. 32. Tapirella. 13; CH; Pct; MES = qa. a a ed —=3)? Tapirella Palmer, Science, 1903, p. 873. (May.) Elasmognathus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865, p. 183. (nec Fieber, Hemiptera.) Type Elasmognathus bairdi Gill. “Supra-maxillaries swollen above and in front of the infraorbital foramina, and thence extend upward and backward into a squa- mous portion, which embraces with its fellow a thick, bony nasal septum continuous with the vomer, and which is elevated to a line with the forehead, and has a widened upper edge, which still further enlarges behind and embraces the nasal bones. The grooves for the muscles of the proboscis are in front, straight, entirely confined to the frontals, and do not encroach upon the supra-maxillaries; while behind they describe a spiral curve around a pit between the nasals and frontals.’’ (Gill 1. c.) [VSD NG AICO) ls Eh pe a a GN KS A. Nose elongated, projecting beyond the mouth, flexible; body stout, heavy. a. Frontals not advancing between nasals. PAGE meoume spotted Or streaked ....0. 0. sce es T.bairdt 87 b. Frontals advancing and separating nasals. moune NOt spoteed Or streaked... ...........055 T.dowt 88 65. bairdi (Hlasmognathus), Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865, Dy. 103% Bairp’s TaApir. Type locality. Isthmus of Panama. Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico to Panama. Genl. Char. ‘‘Nasals well developed, each ossified from a single center, separate through life, thick at their base, and articulated with one another for the greater part of their length.”’ Color. Dark»reddish brown; throat and breast solid white; cheeks chestnut; ears margined with white. (Immature specimen.) 88 TAPIRELLA,. Measurements. Total length, 1to50; height, 575.* (Immature.) Skull: occipito-nasal length about 455; Hensel, 409; zygomatic width 179; palatal length, 210; length of mandible, angle to tip of incisors, 375: Fia. XXVIII. TAPIRELLA Dow!. Dow’s TAPIR. 66. dowi (Elasmognathus), Gill, Amer. Jour. Scien. Arts, L, 1870, ORB Dow’s TaPir. Type locality. Gautemala. Geogr. Distr. Gautemala and Nicaragua, Central America. Genl. Char. In the young the basilar processes are ‘‘recurrent forward along the frontal bones, and as the animal advances in age the frontals grow forward, and force apart the nasals, which do not increase, and are fused with the frontals.’’ Young without longi- tudinal whitish stripes. Color. Face and nose rufous; cheeks pale brown; remainder of body and limbs blackish brown. Measurements. About the same as those of T. bairdi. * An adult should measure twice this size. One obtained by Mr. Heller in the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, has the following measurements: Total length, 2020, tail vertebra, 70; hind foot, 375; ear, 140. Order VI. Rodentia. Rodents. Coues and Allen, Monographs of North American Rodentia, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1877. The Rodents constitute the largest Order of Mammals, and the numerous members possess a great diversity of form. They are readily distinguished among all mammals by their incisors, four in number, two above and two below, (except Hares and Rabbits, which have a supplementary upper hinder pair in adults,) curved hollow tubes filled with pulp, hardened at the surface, .he portion beneath the gum curving and sometimes traversing the length of the jaw bone. The species are mostly small, the harvest mouse being the pigmy, from which genus the size increases until the comparatively great beaver is reached, and he is exceeded in bulk only by the capybara of South America. The majority, however, are small animals, and their habits are as diverse as their shapes, and we find among them not only terrestrial and aquatic creatures, but others which are pro- vided with extensible membranes between the limbs and body, to enable them to traverse the air as if carried by parachutes. Rodents are cosmopolitan, the greatest number being found in South America, the fewest in Australia. They are mostly herbivorous, yet some, like the ordinary rat, are omnivorous. The incisors have a continuous growth and are worn away at the terminal portion by constant gnaw- ing or by attrition. The molar teeth are usually rootless, and their crowns often present many varied, even intricate, patterns of enamel folds and loops. No canine existsin any rodent. Normally the species of this family generally have no premolars, although in some a small one is present, and among squirrels two on each side above, and one below are found, but the additional premolar is frequently deciduous. The diversity of form and habits is very great in the members of this order, and we have the tree-loving, graceful squirrel in countless colors, and its small imitator, the chipmunk; ground squirrels that live in burrows, and flying squirrels darting through the air; the innumerable field mice of many genera and species; rice and cotton rats, pouched rats that live under ground and tunnel long galleries like the moles; jumping mice with long hind legs and greatly length- ened tails that possibly may assist their owners in making the kangaroo-like leaps over the fields; aquatic rats whose home is in the water, and whosé feet are formed more for swimming than walking— all these, and more, help to constitute the great order of the Gnawers. 89 90 SCIURIDZ, SCIURIN&Z. The family first to be considered of this order is that of the Squir- rels, and excepting the Australian region and the Island of Mada- gascar, these animals are found in nearly all the temperate and trop- ical regions of the world. They may be divided into two classes, the tree squirrels and the ground squirrels, with a kind of connecting link in the chipmunks of the genus Tamras, which, to a considerable extent, possess the habits of both. While the tree-squirrels are found in both temperate and tropical zones, the ground squirrels are dwel- lers of more northern climes, and some species are found even on the bleak shores of the Arctic Sea. In the tropics, however, the tree- squirrels attain their greatest diversity of coloration and highest development, and in the Oriental region they reach their greatest size and most brilliant hues. North America is perhaps the third on the list of those countries in which squirrels are found, being exceeded in number of species by the Indian and Ethiopian Regions. Europe and South America have comparatively few species of this family. Marmots, known usually as woodchucks or ground hogs, are the largest members of the Sciuride, but none are found within the limits of this work, and the little chipmunks are among the smallest. North America is probably the richest of all lands in ground squirrels, having a large number, varying greatly in size and coloration. Fam. |. Seiuridz. Squirrels, Marmots, ete. Coues and Allen, Monographs of North American Rodents, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1877. E. W. Nelson, Review of the Squirrels of Mexico and Central America, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, pp. 15-106. Tail without scales, cylindrical, bushy, hairs long; distinct postor- bital processes; infraorbital opening small; molars rooted, tubercular; first upper premolar small. Subfam. I. Sciurinee. KEY TO THE GENERA AND SUBGENERA. A. Upper incisors grooved. PAGE a. Size medium, Premolars, =............ Synthetosturus gt B. Upper incisors not grooved. a. Size variable; tail flat, bushy, long. Skull short, broad; braincase more or _ less mie ae tine arched. Premolars, — or —..............+.-SCUUrUs 93 b. Size small, total length under 450 mm. PA: ava ™ It pL a.’ Premolars, Or I—I~ a.” Superior outline of skull greatly curved. .7amiasciurus 132 SYNTHETOSCIURUS. 91 b.” Superior outline of skull not greatly PAGE CITE SOLS Iya op ERG Re Te ee I Guerlinguetus 103 bee remolars, =~. a.’ Braincase highly arched on posterior BREMEN UN ONUGENIS cansee so dk wins Wes Aw tes cea cate Microsciurus 98 b.” Braincase rounded and slightly arched one posterior halt of -iromtals i. 2 ...%)S.. F<: Batoscturus 100 G. Size large; total length over 450 mm. a.’ Premolars, —. a.’ Front of skull depressed at base of ros- ee BU dale yahgeeh cgay, RN OL eae am Ae ae ae ae ee ER Ar@osciurus 106 b.” Front of skull arched at base of ros- TeTSTNIAA ea tars SRR st Oy cans Bee mo bas Mire Cots Parasciurus 110 b.’ Premolars, —. a.’’ Tail short, broad, bushy. a.’’’ Braincase depressed, inflated laterally. Otosciurus 111 b.”” Tail long, narrow, bushy. a./’’ Nasals equal to least interorbital [yea] GR clive aia Seta Nes Be ote ao Echinosciwurus 113 b.’’’ Nasals longer than least interorbital IRGC ane elonyeese ene ieee wake ach wid Hesperosciurus 130 The first genus of the Sciuride is remarkable for the slender lower incisors which project outwards, and the upper ones are grooved in the center. But one species is known. 33. *Synthetosciurus. Syntheosciurus (sic) Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 1902, WolxexexIx, p. 25, Premolars, —. Size small. Skull thin, papery; rostrum straight, audital bulle small; incisors slender, the lower pair projecting out- ward, the upper with central groove. 67. brochus (Syntheosciurus!), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., xxx1x, 1002, piss. PROJECTING-TEETH SQUIRREL. Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude 7,000 feet. Genl. Char.” Size small; ears low, round, woolly; pelage long, soft, woolly; other characters as in genus. *avV0ET00-Ext0UP0T= Synthetosciurus. * 92 SYNTHETOSCIURUS. Fig. 12. SYNTHETOSCIURUS BROCHUS. No, 10402 Mus. Comp. Zool. Coll. Nat. Size. Color. Above mixed olivaceous bistre and dull tawny olive; under fur dark mouse gray; under parts orange rufous; tail above like back, less olivaceous beneath, fringed with pale rusty. Measurements. Total length, 320; tail vertebrae, 150; hind foot, 46; ear, 17. Skull: basal length, 35.6; occipito-nasal length, 44; zygomatic width, 25.2; interorbital width, 12.6; palatal length, 20; to end of pterygoid, 27.4; length of nasals, 13; width of nasals, 5.8; length of upper molar series, 7.6; length of mandible, 27. The next genus Scrurus, with its subgenera, contains the tree squirrels whose lives are passed among the branches. It possesses the largest members of these animals in North America, and they are all remarkable for the long bushy tail, often exceeding the head and body in length, and which when elevated over the back, is both a beautiful ornament and a protecting shade. The genus is a very large one, and has representatives in many parts of the globe, and the species differ greatly in size and especially in coloration, in which there is almost endless variation; and as if it were not sufficient for distinct species to differ from each other, it was evidently deemed necessary that individuals of the same species should sometimes be totally unlike in the hues of their coats. It is this variation in color ae SCIURUS. 93 among individuals that frequently makes it so difficult to correctly determine a species, and any one who relies upon these numerous hues to discriminate what species are before him, will probably, at a later period, in the discovery of the blunders that have been made, become a wiser and a sadder man. It will doubtless be a long time before. the exact status of our American squirrels is satisfactorily ascertained. Melanism is of frequent occurrence among _ these animals, and erythrism also; the latter perhaps less often; and albinism is the rarest of all. Yet in spite of the endless variation in colors, and the great difference frequently observed in the size of species, as well as occasionally in their form, few would fail to recog- nize at once any of these sprightly creatures as not rightfully belong- ing to the family Sc1uRID&. The remaining genera contain those species familiarly known as Gray Squirrels and their allies, although many of them have by no means a gray pelage. In size, also, these graceful creatures are very variable, and range from the little Bornean species S. soricinus, no larger than a mouse, to the great Malayan long-tailed forms almost as big as a cat. These last are placed in the genus Katuja. As arule, squirrels have no especial nuptial dress, as birds have, but retain their individual coloring throughout the year, the completed moult bring- ing no change. But one exception to this is known, the S. caniceps of India (northern Tenasserim), which assumes on the upper parts in winter a bright orange hue, a dress strikingly different from the ordinary gray or olive livery worn at other seasons of the year. Of the countries embraced in this volume Mexico contains the greatest number of these beautiful animals, astonishingly varied in the hues and patterns of their coats, making accurate determination of their specific relationship a matter at times of considerable difficulty, as individuals of the same species, not infrequently, have a totally different coloration. 34. Sciurus. Tree Squirrels. Sciurus Linn., Sys. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 63. Guerlinguetus Gray, Lond. Med. Repos., xv, 1821, p. 304. Macroxus F. Cuv., Dent’s des Mamm., 1823, p. 162. Jd. Dict. Cigcc ist vat... x, 1920, p.16. Jd. Dict... Scien: Nat., Lix, £8203). 474. Rhetthrosciurus (sic) Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, COOY. .. 27:2, Rhinosciurus Gray, List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843, pp. xxv, 195, ArinMag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 286. Neoscturus Treuss., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 292. 4 SCIURUS. Parasciurus Treuss., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 292. Echinosciurus Treuss., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 292. Tamiasciurus Treuss., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 292. Microsciurus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 332. Hesperosciurus, Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 27. Otosciurus, Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 28. Areosciurus Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 29. Baiosciurus Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 31. Tail broad long, bushy, hairs mostly directed laterally; ears moderate, hairy, sometimes with long tufts at tip; no cheek pouches. Skull rather short, broad; postorbital processes directed downward and backward and well developed; one upper premolar, sometimes two; in the latter case the first is always very small; antorbital foramen slit-like, placed anteriorly to the zygomatic process of the maxillary. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES., *A. Size small, total length under 450 mm., but above 300 mm, = PAS® a. Premolars *—; ears medium long, thinly haired. a.’ Tail washed with bright ferrugineous...S.@. hojf/manni 104 b.’ Tail washed with tawny............S.@. chiriquensts 104 c.’ Tail washed with yellowish.............. S. richmondt 105 b. Premolars *—~*; a.’ Ears small or medium, not tufted. a.’ Ears short, rounded, thickly haired; total length under 300 mm. a.” Tail washed: with veqqish. A5 sees ve tues S. alfart 99 b.’” Tail washed with grayish white....... S. brownt 100 c./” Tail washed with tawny olive....S. boquetensis 100 b.”’” Ears medium long, pointed, thinly haired; total length over 300 mm. a.’ Back grayish brown... scas fans x ks S. negligens 102 b.’/” Back reddish or yellowish brown.......S. deppit 101 G,!” Back rusty Tedqien cyc ye ch eng sce eee S. d. vivax 102 c. Premolars = or =. a.’ Ears large, tufted. a./’ Back gray, belly white, lateral line Dlatle cai sans Sic rie eee ae S. d. mearnsi 133 * The construction of an intelligible key for the endless variations displayed by the members of the genus Scrurus is an almost insuperable task, and may not be attempted unless specimens of all the species are available at one time. This not having been possible for the author to accomplish, the present key for the species, with some few additions, has been taken from E. W. Nelson's * Revision of the Squirrels of Mexico and Central America.” Saal an SCIURUS., B. Size large, total length over 450 mm, a. Premolars —— a.’ Belly buffy or yellowish. a.’ Back gray. a./’’ Median area on back black; belly MABEL CBO OUT Gin iy es vias oooh Oh S. oculatus b.”’’ Median area on back washed with blackish; bellv buffy whitish............ S. toluce b.” Back yellowish gray. a./’” Belly rusty yellow; total length over PG MONG UA a isos Rain kde a)W wk Ridin Sok CN S. apache b.””” Belly more dingy yellow; total ISHS UMCER SOOM iy dcr sdk ie S, 7. lexensis b.’ Belly white. a.’” Back golden buffy or yellowish, overlaid with grizzling of black and white .....S. nayaritensis Back gray. a.” Back uniform gray or grayish brown; ears gray; total length under soo mm...... S. allent Back gray washed with yellowish on nape and back of shoulders; ears b 4} b ‘tr rusty. a * Tot: : ae at of a.” Total length under soo mm.......S. arizonensis b.* Total length over 500 mm........: S. a. huachuca b. Premolars * a.’ Nape patch strongly marked, rump patch present or absent, a.” Belly gray, rump patch well marked: ACCA TIe SUE Ts cuyiris yyoies-kada edie cot ey S. a, Jrumentor b.” Belly white or buffy. a.” Rump patch poorly defined or absent. a." Back dull whitish; belly white or buffy. S. socialis b.“ Back pale gray; belly white or buffy .......... ERR PEN Ee ices re a S. p. hernandezi b.””” Rump patch well defined. a." Middle of back gray; feet gray or blackish; belly white...........: S. p. colimensis b." Middle of back whitish; feet whitish: eye UMC! OP DULL 6s vey no oa xp) 46 nw we S. s. cocos c.”’ Belly rufous. a.’ Feet gray or blackish. a." Ribs, and sometimes shoulders, rufous. a.”"Back pale gray; top of head iron RM LM hin gh 515s, nck goad xv a aoe aD S. aureigaster 95 PAGE 107 107 108 108 109 10g 117 [23 118 ITS 96 SCIURUS. b’. Back dark gray; top of head iron gray or blackish...... S.a. hypopyrrhus b.* Ribs and shoulders not rufous. a.” Back dingy whitish; nape patch TUSEV Sy cithenteMine med sae. ten neuen S. socialis b.° Back bluish gray in middle, re- mainder sooty brownish......... S.n. hirtus b.’”’ Feet white. a.“ Back whitish, rump and nape patches very bright: «53.1 ey <1 ss 0 owe S. s. cocos b." Back gray. a.” Nape patch strongly marked, Garke WOUS 5 a nent eaemes ras eae S. p. effugius b.° Nape patch not strongly marked, Pushy yellowish 2h ocak. ga0 oy vou san S. poliopus b.’ Nape and rump patches absent or not well defined. a.” Nape and 1ump patches not well defined. a.” Back dark gray, sparingly or not at all mixed with yellowish hairs. a.‘ Back and under side of tail dark iron gray; feet gray..........<.5. p. cerutcalts b.* Back and under side of tail paler pray: feet whiteye iis tows qae as S. p. nemoralis b.’”” Back pale gray mixed with yellowish hairs; feet white. a? Belly swine Sieg sk tet aaa S. p. hernandesz’ Bb. (Bellyaitious..c. sao eke tires ate akan S. poliopus b.’” Nape and rump patches absent. a.’’”" Back with broad median band of blackish; rest of body whitish...... S. a. dorsalis b.’” Back without broad median band of blackish. a.‘ Belly pale gray; back coarsely griz- zled gray or yellowish gray...... S. yucatanensis b.* Belly dark iron gray; back blackish gray suffused: with but... 9.945. S. y. baliolus c.' Belly bright ferrugineous; back yel- low ferrugineous or blackish brown. .S. v. morulus d.* Belly blackish or white. e.° Belly blackish. a.” Back sooty blackish grizzled with yellowish tRy cera. sas? S.nelsont PAGE I16 123 I21 124 I20 117 11g Irs se HOH “1 oO 199 125 126 105 I20 SCIURUS. 97 ; PAGE bo Back dark chocolate .....5... 0. S.melania 128 f° Belly white. a.° Ear tufts present, whitish; back gray or yellowish gray..... S. yucatanensis 125 b.° Ear tufts absent. a.’ Ears bordered with black. a.° Back very dark, lateral line reddish, ear patches rusty...S. boothie 128 b.* Back grayer, no lateral line; ear patches very large, WALI a wheaeracet bie ation ein 6 S. goldmant 130 b.’ Ears not bordered with black. a.” Back gray. a.” Size large; total length about 570 mm.; back uniform; no lateral line....S. griseus 130 b.’ Size medium, total length about 485 mm.; median dorsal area rufous; lat- Sral tine lacie, yo. os aes S. durangi 112 b.* Back yellowish. a.’ Ears pale rusty; flanks IVER OV: 1(c iain a ane ea eae ae ar S. wuu 123 b.” Ears dull rusty; flanks washed with whitish... S. sinaloensis 122 c.* Back yellowish gray, coarsely grizzled with black. a.” Ears gray; yellowish of back dull, sometimes VERY AMCISTUMCH cares wo wu S.colli@t 121 b.” Earsrusty; yellow of back brighter, more buffy...S.c. nuchalis 122 e.* Belly not blackish or white. a.” Belly buffy. a.° Back with median area blackish or dark brown, rest of body {ODIO ai tse a ora ome Le ee S..a@..d@orsalis’ 127 b.° Back with median area not blackish. a. Bars black-edged oi... 1..).. S. variegatoides 129 b.’ Ears not black-edged ....S. managuensis 129 b.* Belly rufous. 98 SCIURUS. a.” Top of head paler than back. a.’ All of back blackish brown; PAGE feet, legs, lower flanks, and belly dull chestnut rufous..... S.adolpheit 126 b.' Middle of back blackish or dark yellowish brown or gray- ish yellow; rest of bodyrufous.S.a.dorsalis 127 b.° Top of head not paler than back. a.’ Back heavily washed with black. a.’ Belly rusty ruieuse se ae S.b. beltt 128 b.* Belly rich dark ferrugineous.S. thomasi 126 b.’ Back not washed with black. a.” Back pale gray or sooty blackish. a.” Back pale gray. a.’° Feet dark gray or blackish; rufous of belly sometimes ex- tending up on ribs. ..S. aureigaster 115 b.” Feet pale gray; rufous of belly not extending (0 Bp ig la ea gh S.g.chiapensis 125 b.” Back sooty blackish with thin wash of yellowish gray. a. Back unitormys.) 0055. § S.nelsont 120 b.” Back with area of bluish gray across the MULES arene apa a venient S.n,. hirtus 121 b.* Back not pale gray or sooty blackish. a.” Back yellowish brown, sometimes thinly washed TEE STAY: © Lutncih ahaa . grisetflavus 124 b.” Back blackish, grizzled with gray or yellowish; under parts and costal area rufous.......S.a.hypopyrrhus 116 S) A. Microsciurus, Allen. ‘‘Size small; ear short, rounded; tail shorter than body, slender, rounded. Premolars, =. Skull short, broad, and deep at base; nasals narrow and shorter than interorbital breadth, upper end of SCIURUS. 99 premaxille very heavy; malar broad and expanded vertically; post- palatal notch only a trifle posterior to last molar.’’ (Nelson.) Fic. 13. SciuRUS (MICROSCIURUS) BROWNI. No. togo4 Mus. Comp. Zool. Nat. Size. KEY TOebn Eb See Chis OF THE SUBGENUS: A. Size small; tail slender, round. PAGE a. Upper parts dusky olivaceous, finely grizzled iE, re MOMNARIA MUISUNS cts an pisthse foe Gd donnie wah ace eke S. aljart 99 b. Upper parts tawny olive and bistre............. S. brownt 100 c. Upper parts olivaceous brown, shaded with PeeWee artes Fw Eys oie R Me. aki 2 ad ate S. boquetensts 100 68. alfari (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 333. ALFARO’s PiGMy SQUIRREL. Type locality. Jimenez, Costa Rica, Central America. Geogr. Distr. Northern, eastern, and southwestern Costa Rica. Genl. Char. Size very small; ears short, rounded; pelage soft, dense; tail slender, much shorter than head and body. Color. Upper parts and outer sides of arms, legs, hands, and feet dusky olivaceous, finely grizzled with yellowish rusty; top of head and narrow orbital ring rufous; chin, throat, breast, and inner side of arms pale ferrugineous shading into dark brown; middle of belly and inner side of thighs varving from fulvous gray to rufous; tail like back at base, remainder above and beneath grizzled dark reddish brown and black, tip black; hairs of under surface of tail reddish brown or chestnut, encircled with three bands. LOO SCIURUS. Measurements. ‘Total length, 290; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot, 35; ear from crown, 9. Skull: basal length, 29.5; palatal length, 14.2; interorbital width, 13; zygomatic width, 22; length of upper molar series, 6. 69. browni (Sciurus), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l]., xxx1x, 1902, P. 24. BROWN’S SQUIRREL, Type locality. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama, Genl. Char. Size small, pelage rather harsh, thin. Color, ‘‘Upper parts a fine mixture of tawny olive and bistre, produced by the dark brown bases and tawny olive tips of the hairs; nose, forehead, and orbital ring tawny; tail with the hairs dark red- dish brown basally, then black and tipped with grayish white; a small, black pencil; under parts dull gray to grayish white, slightly washed with buffy or yellowish in some specimens (very slightly in the type on under side of neck and middle of belly); under sides of legs darker—more nearly like upper parts.” Measurements. hind foot, 36-38; ear, 13-14. Skull: type, basal length, 29; occipito- nasal length, 36; zygomatic width, 21.2; interorbital width, 12.4; palatal length, to palatal notch, 13.4; to end of pterygoids, 20.2; length of nasals, 11; length of upper molar series, 5.8.’’ (Bangs, 1. c.) i BY otal length, 232-260; tail vertebra, 110-120; 70. boquetensis (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1903, Pp. 14%. CHIRIQUI PIGMY SQUIRREL. Type locality, Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 6,000 feet. Genl, Char. Pelage soft, thick, woolly; tail slender, flat. Skull long and narrow; braincase arched, Color. Upper parts, sides of body, and upper surface of arms and legs olivaceous brown, shaded with yellowish; chin and throat dingy rusty; under side of neck and breast rusty rufous shading into dull grizzled brown; tail above and below dull tawny olive, washed and tipped with black and edged with pale yellowish; hands and feet washed with rusty reddish. Measurements. Total length, 257; tail, 116; hind foot, 37; (dried skin.) Skull: palatal length, 15.5; interorbital breadth, 14; length of upper molar series, 7. B, Baiosciurus. Premolars, *—*, Skull long and slender; braincase arched; ros- trum broad, about equal to interorbital breadth; audital bulla small. SCIURUS, LOL FiG. 14. SciuURUS (BAIOSCIURUS) DEPPII. No, 63668 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat, size miy 1O THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS. A. Size small. PAGI a. Above grizzled rusty, or yellowish brown S.deppiu 101 b. Above rusty reddish S. d. vivax 102 c. Above grizzled grayish brown, tinged with ¢ yellow or reddish S.negligens 102 71. deppii (Sciurus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss 1503, p. 054. tephrogaster Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 431. tenmvurus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 4 serl., a) griseogena Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 429. DEPPE’S SQUIRREL. Type locality. Papantla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 102 SCIURUS. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz from Papantla on east coast to Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, and into Guatemala, Central America. Altitude, 6,000-9,000 feet. Color. Above grizzled rusty or yellowish brown; flanks and sides of head paler yellowish brown; ears like back, with whitish basal patches; outside of arms and hands dark gray; legs and feet similar to flanks in color, but darker; under parts grayish white to rusty fulvous; tail above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled reddish or yellowish brown, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 392; tail vertebra, 188; hind foot, 54. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 56; Hensel, 47; zygomatic width, 33; across postorbital processes, 27; length of nasals, 15; palatal length, 27; length of upper tooth row, 11; length of lower tooth row, 9. a.—vivax (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIv, 1901, p. 131. APAZOTE SQUIRREL. Type locality. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lowland forest in the States of eastern Tabasco, southern Campeche, and southern and eastern Yucatan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to S. deppit, but paler; rostrum heavy; nasals broader; audital bulla smaller and more nearly round. Color. Above rusty reddish; under parts white or grayish white; shoulders, arms, and hands gray; feet like back but washed with gray; tail above heavily washed with white. Measurements. Total length, 373; tail vertebre, 168; hind foot, 52. 72. negligens (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, Dy tier. artzonensis Alston, Biol. Cent. Amer., Mamm., 1, 1880, p. 125. deppet Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 222. (Part.) LITTLE GRAY SQUIRREL. Type locality. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Southern Tamaulipas, through eastern San Luis Potosi into northern Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl, Char. Similar to S. deppit, but paler. Color. Upper parts grizzled grayish brown, tinged with yellow or reddish; sides of neck, nape, and head yellowish brown; ears fer- rugineous with basal white patches; shoulders outside of arms and hands gray; outside of legs and feet grizzled grayish brown; under parts white, varying to fulvous; chin and throat white; tail above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled grayish, or yellowish brown, bordered with black and edged with white. SCIURUS. 103 Measurements. Total length, 384; tail vertebra, 189; hind foot, 54. Skull: average of four; basal length, 41.7; palatal length, 21.4; interorbital width, 15.3; zygomatic width, 28.4; length of upper molar series, 9.1. 0, Guerlinguetus, Size small; ears long; tail shorter than body, flat, bushy. Skull broad, braincase not highly arched, expanded at parietal region h £ ) bulla small; rostrum broad, deep; nasals long, widest anteriorly; ’ 5 2 post-palatal notch behind last molar. Premolars, * Fic. 15. SciURUS (GUERLINGUETUS) 4. HOFFMANNI. No. 4749 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS. A. Size small; tail flat, bushy. PAGE a. Upper parts grizzled rusty brown........S. @. hoffmannt 104 b. Upper partsblackish brown and tawny. .S. @. chiriquensis 104 c. Upper parts dark ochraceous brown.......... S. richmond1 105 104 SCIURUS. d. Upper parts mixed yellow ferrugineous and PAGE blackish row !. triacs em eos thee eee S.v. morulus 105 estuans hoffmannt (Sciurus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1863, p. 654. xanthotus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 429. griseogena Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 430. (Part. Costa Rica.) rufoniger Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 757-763. (Part. Costa Rica.) griseogenys Alston, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1878, p. 667. (Part. Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama.) HorrMANn’s SQUIRREL, Type locality. Costa Rica, Central America. Geogr, Distr. Costa Rica south to upper Cauca River, Colombia. Genl, Char. Similar to S. @stuans in size, but darker; tail broad, flat. Color. Upper parts grizzled rusty brown, sometimes blackish on top of head and median line of back; orbital ring dark buff; chin and throat yellowish buff; under parts rusty buff to deep ferrugineous, outside of arms and legs like back, inner side like under parts; hands and feet similar to back, but more inclined to yellowish; tail above black, washed with ferrugineous, beneath grizzled black and yellowish brown, and broadly edged with ferrugineous; ears thinly haired; darker than head, basal patch small, dull fulvous. Measurements. Total average length, 426.6; tail vertebra, 187; hind foot, 54.3. Skull: average of five; basal length, 43.2; palatal length, 23.3; interorbital width, 17; zygomatic width, 31.3; length of upper molar series, 9. ceestuans chiriquensis (Scturus), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., SKEIM; TOO, po aa. CHIRIQUI SQUIRREL. Type locality. Divala, Chiriqui, Panama. Genl. Char. Very similar to S. @. hoffmannt; under parts paler. Color. ‘‘Upper parts finely mixed blackish brown and tawny, the tawny color predominating on sides, the dark brown color along middle of back; orbital ring, back of ear, and a small spot just behind ear clear tawny; under parts tawny, becoming yellower, about raw sienna, on under side of neck and head, and often the breast simi- larly colored; tail much the same as back, but with the tawny annu- lations wider; deeply fringed along sides with clear tawny, under side darker than upper.”’ Measurements. ‘Type. Total length, 400; tail vertebrae, 190; hind foot, 52; ear, 20.’ Skull: basal length, 46.2; occipito-nasal SCIURUS. 105 length, 54; zygomatic width, 31.4; length of nasals, 16.4; palatal fenoth, 23.2. (Bangs, 1. ‘c.) 73. richmondi (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 146. RICHMOND’S SQUIRREL. Type locality. Escondido River, fifty miles above Bluefields, Nicaragua. Geogr. Distr. Tropical lowland forests along the Escondido River, Nicaragua. Genl. Char. Similar to S. @. hoffmanit, but more ochraceous, under parts and tail washed with yellow. Color. Upper parts and base of tail dark ochraceous brown, darkest on crown and median part of back; sides of head yellowish brown; orbital ring buffy; outer side of arms, hands, and sides of neck, ochraceous; outer side of thighs dark ochraceous brown, feet similar but more ochraceous; under parts buffy yellow to dingy ferrugineous; tail above black, washed with yellowish, beneath grizzled yellowish brown narrowly bordered with black and edged with dull yellow; ears dark ochraceous brown, with small yellow basal patch, but the latter not always present. Measurements. Total length, 368; tail vertebre, 164; hind foot, 53-5. okull: average of five; basal length, 42.1; palatal length, 22.1; interorbital breadth, 16.3; zygomatic breadth, 30.4; length of upper molar series, 8.3. variabilis moruluws (Scturus), Bangs, N. Eng. Zool. Club, 11, 1900, B43. variabilis True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vir, 1884, p. 596. Lion HiLy_ SQuIRREL. Type locality. Loma del Leon, Panama. Genl. Char. Skull similar to that of S. variabilis from Colombia, but wider and heavier. Color. Upper parts mixed yellow ferrugineous and blackish brown; dorsal region darker, blackish at base of tail; upper surface of legs like back of arms, ferrugineous; chin, lips, and cheeks tawny olive; under parts bright ferrugineous; tail above blackish at base and tip, remainder bright ferrugineous, beneath tawny olive and blackish, outer margin ferrugineous, tip black. Measurements. Male. Total length, 435-490; tail vertebre, 200-235; hind foot, 55; ear, 20-25. Skull: basal length, 46.2; oc- cipito-nasal length, 55.2; zygomatic width, 34; mastoid width, 23.6; interorbital width, 17.8; width behind postorbital processes, 20.2; length of nasals, r7; length of palate to palatal notch, 25; upper tooth row, 9.4; lower tooth row, 10; mandible, 32.2. 106 SCIURUS. D, Arzosciurus. Premolars, —, Skull broad, depressed between orbits; superior outline curved greatly at occipital region; orbital region very broad; postorbital process curving downward, and pointed; nasals long, extending posteriorly to end of premaxille. Fic. 16. SciuRUS (ARAZOSCIURUS) NAYARITENSIS. No. 4741 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS. A. Size large. Premolars, - =. PAGE a. Back with longitudinal black band...........S. oculatus 107 b. Back without longitudinal black band. a.’ Under parts white. a.’ Above gray, washed with blackish; tail beneath yellowish gray or brown .......S. 0. toluce@ 107 b.”” Above grizzled yellowish brown; tail beneath grizzled yellowish gray ...........S.allent 108 SCIURUS. 107 PAGE c.’’ Above gray; tail beneath cinnamon. .S. nayaritensis 108 d.’’ Above mixed gray, black, white, and tawny; tail beneath tawny .......... S. arizonensis 109 e.’’ Above grizzled gray; tail beneath pale ENCSS Gin DERE eet die ea S.a.huachuca 109 b.’ Under parts buffy yellow to orange yellow....S. apache 110 74. oculatus (Sciurus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1P303,,/p. 653. captstratus Licht., Abh. K. Akad. Wiss., 1827, p. 116. (nec Bosc.) carolinensis Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Sér., x1, 1861, p. 4. (nec Gmel.) hypopyrrhus Allen, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., tv, 1878, p. 881. (Part.) niger melanonotus Thomas, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1870, p. 73, pl. vi. BLACK-BACKED SQUIRREL. Type locahty. Las Vigas? State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Northwestward through States of Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Queretaro to southeastern San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Allti- tude, 6,000-12,000 feet. Genl. Char. Size large; skull broad and heavy. Color. Upper parts dark gray, with a black band from middle of crown to base of tail; orbital ring whitish; cheeks and sides of neck grizzled gray with a buff tinge, not always, however, present; ears dull gray with white or buff basal patches; hands and feet grizzled gray or buffy; outside of arms and thighs gray, sometimes rusty brownish on the thighs; under parts white with buffy tinge to ochra- ceous buff; tail above black washed with white, beneath grizzled gray, tinged with yellowish, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 544; tail vertebre, 254; hind foot, 69. Skull: average of three; basilar length, 54.6; palatal length, 28.5; interorbital width, 20.3; zygomatic width, 36.3; length of upper molar series, I1. a.—toluce (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, py 148. ToLuca SQUIRREL. Type locality. North slope of the Volcano of Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre from Toluca Volcano, State of Mexico, to border of State of Michoacan; southern and western parts of State of Queretaro; central and eastern parts of State of Guanajuato, and southern part of State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 108 SCIURUS. Genl. Char. Similar to S. oculatus, but paler. Skull: nasals narrow. Color. Top of head and back gray, washed with blackish; flanks and outside of arms and legs grizzled gray, tinged with yellowish; orbital ring grayish white; sides of head and ears gray, tinged with buff; white basal patches on ears; under parts whitish; hands and feet grayish white, tinged with buff; tail black above, washed with white, beneath yellowish gray or brown, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 520; tail vertebra, 260; hind foot, 66. Skull: average of two; basilar length, 54; palatal length, 29; interorbital width, 20.5; zygomatic width, 36.7; length of upper molar Series, It. 75. alleni (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, Pp. tA7. carolinensis? Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 263. carolinensis Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 706. carolinensis Alston, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1878, p. 658. arizonensis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1891, p. 222. (Part.) ALLEN’S SQUIRREL. Type locality. Monterey, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. From Monterey, State of Nuevo Leon, into State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Altitude, 2,000-8,500 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to S. carolinensts, back uniform in color. Color. Above grizzled yellowish brown, grayest on flanks; arms, hands, and feet whitish gray; thighs like flanks; orbital ring whitish; under parts white; faint grayish lateral line; tail like back all around the base, above black washed with white, beneath grizzled yellowish gray, bordered with black and edged with white; ears brownish gray. Measurements. Total length, 471; tail vertebre, 217; hind foot, 60. Skull: average of five; basilar length, 50.4; palatal length, 26.3; interorbital width, 18.4; zygomatic width, 33.7; length of upper molar series, 10.3. 76. nayaritensis (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1890, p. vil, footnote, and p. 185. alstoni Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1889, p. 167. (nec Anderson.) NAYARIT SQUIRREL. Type locality. Sierra de Valparaiso, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Jalisco and Zacatecas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to S. griseiflavus; ears high and broad. SCIURUS. 109 Color. Above gray, as are also the sides; outer surface of limbs pale gray; rest of pelage white; orbital ring grayish white; ears grayish; tail above black and white mixed, fringed on sides with white, beneath cinnamon rufous. Measurements. Total length (skin), 260-304; tail vertebre, 254- 287; ear: height, 23-25; width at base, 21.5-24. Skull: average of five; basilar length, 55.5; palatal length, 28.4; interorbital width, 37.1; length of upper molar series, 11.7. 77. arizonensis (Sciurus), Coues, Am. Nat., 1867, p. 357. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 59. coli@i Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rod., 1877, p. 738. (nec Rich.) ARIZONA GRAY SQUIRREL. Type locality. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico (San Pedro Mines, Allen), to Arizona. Texas? Genl. Char. Smaller than S. carolinensis; tail as long as head and body; soles naked to heel. Color. Above mixed gray, black, white, and tawny, the latter predominating; sides and limbs outside grizzled gray and white; beneath and inside of limbs pure white; tail above basally gray and white, remainder black mixed with white and fringed broadly with white, beneath tawny in the center, bordered with black and fringed with white. Measurements. Total length, 457.4; tail vertebre, 241.3; hind foot, 58.4; height of ear, 20.3. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 63; Hensel, 48; zygomatic width, 35; interorbital width, 20; palatal length, 21; length of upper molar series, 11. a.—huachuca (Scturus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1894, p. 349. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, p. 60. HvuACHUCA SQUIRREL. Type locality. Huachuca Mountains, southern Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, into State of Sonora, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to S. arizonensis, but nearly uniform gray above, only a trace of fulvous dorsal stripe. Color. Upper parts grizzled gray; dorsal stripe nearly obsolete; sides lighter gray; nape patch pale fulvous; under parts of body and limbs pure white; tail above black sprinkled with white and fringed broadly with white, beneath pale chestnut, bordered with black and broadly fringed with white. Measurements. Total length, 540; tail vertebra, 265; hind foot, 70;ear, 34. Skull: average of four; basal length, 53.5; palatal length, 110 SCIURUS. 27.5; interorbital width, 19.9; zygomatic width, 36.4; length of upper molar series, I1.4. 78. apache (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 29. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 58. griseiflavus Thomas, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1882, p. 372. (nec Gray.) niger ludovicianus Thomas, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1890, p. 73 (footnote). APACHE SQUIRREL. Type locality. Mountains of northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre in States of western Durango, north- western Chihuahua, eastern Sonora, and northeastern Sinaloa, Mexico; also in Chiricahua Mountains, southern Arizona. Genl. Char. Similar in size and color to S. r. texensis Bach., but darker and with ferrugineous legs, and other distribution of hues. Color. Upper parts iron gray, usually washed with yellow; crown and back blackish; sides of head mixed gray, black and ful- vous; orbital ring buffy white or fulvous; flanks washed with pale yellowish; outside of legs suffused with rusty; outside of arms and under parts varying from buffy yellow to orange yellow; tail at base like back, above black washed with yellow and fringed with white, beneath orange or rusty rufous with a black border and fringed with pale yellowish; ears gray with a buff tinge; hands buffy or orange yellow; feet darker. Measurements. Total length, 565; tail vertebra, 279; hind foot, 79. Skull: average of five; basilar length, 56.4; palatal length, 28.7; interorbital width, 21.5; zygomatic width, 37.5; length of upper molar series, 11.9. E. Parasciurus. Premolars, ‘—. Skull: braincase narrow at occiput, not inflated over parietal region, long, narrow; rostrum long, broad; nasals broad; molar series large, heavy. rufiventer texensis (Sciurus), (Bach.), Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1838, p. 86. ludovicianus limitis Baird. Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, p. 331. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 53. Texas Fox SQUIRREL. Type locality. Devil’s River, Valverde County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. Texas and adjacent parts of the States of Nuevo Leon and Coahuila, Mexico. Genl. Char. Smaller than S. carolinensis; hairs short and close pressed; upper molars four; feet small; colors pale. Color. Upper parts mixed cinnamon and black; sides of head, limbs, and under parts, light cinnamon brown; feet above tinged with SCIURUS. 111 Fig. 17. SciURUS (PARASCIURUS) RUFIVENTER TEXENSIS. No. 4739 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat, size. rusty ; tail above similar to back but more yellowish, beneath uniform cinnamon, darker than belly. The color of ventral surface varies from pure white to deep orange among individuals. Measurements. Total length, 532; tail to end of hairs, 280; hind foot, 64.5. Skull: average of two; basal length, 50; palatal length, 25.5; interorbital width, 18; zygomatic width, 33.5; length of upper molar series, 10.5. F, Otosciurus, Nelson. Premolars, —. Skull short and very broad, with curved superior outline; rostrum father short, compressed; nasals narrow posteriorly and extending beyond premaxille; molars heavy. 112 SCIURUS. Fic. 18. SciuRUS (OTOSCIURUS) DURANGI. No. 94548 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size. 79. durangi (Sciurus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., x1, 1893, p. 49. abertt Thos., Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1882, p. DURANGO SQUIRREL. 372. (nec Woodhouse.) [ype locality. Ciudad Ranch (100 miles west of Durango City), State of Durango, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Sierra Madre, west part of States of Durango and Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to S. abertt, but less red on back; tail beneath uniform grizzled gray; dorsal stripe not reaching base of tail. Color. Above gray with chestnut dorsal stripe from shoulders to rump; flanks and outside of hind legs grizzled gray; outside of fore legs paler gray; lateral black line ill defined; orbital ring brownish white; ear gray, tufts black; under parts white, base of tail like back, remainder above black washed with white, beneath grizzled gray, SCIURUS. 113 with black border and subapical bar and white edging; hands white or whitish; feet grizzled gray. Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebra, 247; hind foot, 70. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.1; palatal length, 27.3; interorbital width, 19.8; zygomatic width, 35.1; length of upper molar series, II.2. G. Echinosciurus. 2—2 Premolars, ; Skull: broad, depressed between orbits; superior outline curved, sharpest decline posteriorly; occipital region widest; interorbital constriction very slight; rostrum broad and short; outer side of nasals reaching ends of premaxilla; the nasals shorter than width between orbits; basioccipital and basisphenoid broad, widely separating audital bull. Fic. 19. SciuRUS (ECHINOSCIURUS) AUREIGASTER. No. 4744 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size. L14 SCIURUS., KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES,OF THE SUBGENUS, _- 2 A. Size large. Premolars, ; a. Above iron gray. a.’ Nape yellowish brown or rusty rufous...S. auretgaster b.’ Nape grizzled rufous or brownish. ...S. a. hypopyrrhus c.’ Nape yellowish or.rufous brown. ...... S. a. frumentor d.’ Nape grizzled yellowish brown to chestnut DOWEL: chris eed ad NR nee a S. p. nemoralis e.’ Nape yellowish brown to rusty tinged sigue ubglelt Nel amu eee raranervemeeeoNG. heli Lean iede ak S. p. colimensts f.’ Nape rusty rufous, sometimes mixed with black and: white... .i:...),;.. 1.2.5. Dp. effugius g.’ Nape fulvous or rusty brown, grizzled Wits DIOR <5 c-.5ee am atace tee aee aoe S. p. cervicalis b. Above gray mixed with brown or yellow...... S. poliopus c. Above pale gray and yellowish.......... S. p. hernandeszt d. Above blackish, grizzled with yellowish brown. ..S. nelsont e. Above bluish gray, grizzled.............. stn ee 6, MATEUS f. Above yellowish gray tinged with black. a.” Hears yellowish "Drow wica xaes.c + hora Ween S. colliet bt Ridira stir: WiOMG cata sek ns ness dcreeny S.c. nuchalts g. Above pale reddish, yellow, and black...... S. stnaloensis h. Above grizzled dark yellowish...............05. S. trust i. Above mixed white and black, tinged with VEllOwiIsh (On TULCUS. cam wore ees Oy era mahee tere S. soctalis j. Above grayish or creamy white..........1..5. S. s. cocos k. Above grizzled yellowish brown, washed MOUD OU WIGS es 5s Se Glee eee Sen see ee S. grisetflavis l. Above griggledseraycn agate see ee oo S. g. chiapensts m. Above grizzled gray and black, tinged with VOLO WISH | DYOWOi.5 sa-s scandens 4 va wee. DS. Yucatanensis n. Above blackish gray, suffused with buff... S. . baliolus Oi: ADOVE:OLROk tir oe cs a a Re tae y gee, ae S. thomast p. Above dark brown, mixed with grayish....... S. adolphet q. Above dorsal band blackish or grayish yellowish browil...i..5 ..50seen aan eee S. a. dorsalis r. Above dark: chocolate... ¢7.5.7.0 itn bee eee S. melania s. Above grizzled grayish brown. a.’ Tinged with reddish res cn wre ney cane S. boothie b.”. "Washed with Blache vain tee cane een S.b, belti t. Above grizzled yellowish gray............: S. vartegatoides u. Above grizzled yellowish brown, dorsal re- gion washed with black.................S. managuensts PAGE II5 116 117 118 119 I20 119 117 118 120 I21 I2.i I22 I22 123 123 124 124 135 125 126 126 126 127 128 128 128 129 129 SCIURUS. 115 v. Above pale iron gray; rump and middle of PAGE DACKWAGHeEC WIth DIAC. pss vers Seka) ke S. goldmani 130 Fic. XXIX. SciIURUS AUREIGASTER. GOLDEN-BELLIED SQUIRREL. 80. aureigaster (Sciurus), F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., vi, 1829, hive. Lis, pl. lest. niger Erxl., Syst. Regn. Anim., 1777, p. 417. variegatus Desm., Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., x, 1817, pp. 103-104. (mec Mex, 14775) rufiventer Licht., Abh. K. Ak. Wiss. Berl., 1827, p. 116. leucogaster! F. Cuv., Suppl. d’Hist. Nat. Buffon, 1, 1831, pp. 300-301. mustelinus Aud. & Bach., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1841, p. 100. ferruginiventris ! Aud. & Bach., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1841, Dill, aurogaster! Aud. & Bach., Quad. N. Am., 111, 1851, p. 344. hypoxanthus 1. Geoff., Voy. de la Vénus, Zool., 1855, p. 158. aureogaster! Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., 1867, p. 423. hypopyrrhus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1, 1891, p. 222. (nec Wagl.) leucops Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1x, 1897, p. 198. GOLDEN-BELLIED SQUIRREL. Ardilla in Mexico, common name for all squirrels. Type locality. Eastern Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Eastern Mexico from southern part of State of Tamaulipas to northern side of Isthmus of Tehuantepec through 116 SCIURUS,. States of Vera Cruz, eastern San Luis Potosi, Queretaro, Puebla, and northeastern Hidalgo and northern Oaxaca, up to 4,000 and 8,000 feet. Genl. Char. Size large; coloring varied, under parts ferrugineous to dark rufous; tail long. Color. Above varying from iron gray to whitish gray; nape yellowish brown or rusty rufous; orbital ring deep buff; between eye and ear yellowish brown; chin and cheeks grizzled gray; arms and hands iron gray; feet varying from blackish to iron gray; under parts and sometimes a band over shoulders and outer side of arms, bright ferrugineous; ears gray to rusty red; tail at base like back, remainder above black, washed with white, beneath ferrugineous, with a black border edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 539; tail vertebre, 265; hind foot, 67. Skull: average of five; basal length, 49.8; palatal length, 26.5; interorbital width, 19.1; zygomatic width, 34.5; length of upper molar series, 11.3. a.—hypopyrrhus (Scturus), Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 510. morio Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 424. maurus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 425. variegatus Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, vi1, 1887, p. 360. aureogaster! Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 111, 1890, p. 181. (nec Cuv.) FIRE-BELLIED SQUIRREL. Type locality. Mexico. State of Vera Cruz ? Geogr. Distr. Southern part State of Vera Cruz, and States of Tabasco, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Darker than S. aureigaster. Color. Above grizzled with black, rusty or grayish white; fore part of crown and nose iron gray; nape grizzled rufous or brownish; orbital ring brownish buff; chin and cheeks grayish; under parts deep ferrugineous, this color covering arms and forming a band on shoulder; outside of thighs grizzled like back; hands and feet black or grizzled with gray; tail at base like back, rest black washed with white, beneath ferrugineous with a black border and white edge; sometimes for ferrugineous black is substituted; ears gray or red- dish brown, sometimes with black border, and a basal patch in winter, grayish white. Measurements. Total length, about 522; tail vertebra, 266; hind foot, 67. Skull: average of five; basal length, 52.6; palatal length, 27.1; interorbital breadth, 18.4; zygomatic breadth, 34.8; length of upper molar series, 11.4. SCIURUS., HN Uy b.—frumentor (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, pers 4: PEROTE SQUIRREL. Type locality. Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. ‘‘East and north base of the Cape de Perote, and eastern slope of the Cordillera near Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, in pine and oak forests, at 6,000—8,000 feet.”’ Genl. Char. Nuchal and rump patches yellowish or rufous brown, and under parts gray, sometimes washed with rufous. Color. Upper parts (except nape and rump), nose, forehead, sides, and outside of arms and legs, grizzled iron gray; patches on nape and rump, and sides of head pale brown or reddish, tinged with black, palest on sides of head; chin and throat grayish; under parts gray, sometimes tinged with rust red; tail above like back at base, remainder black washed with white, beneath yellowish or dark ferrugineous, with a black border and white edge; ears varying in color, sometimes grayish, again similar to the nuchal patch, occasionally having a black border; hands and feet iron gray to black. Measurements. Total length, “average of five adults, 504.6; tail vertebre, 249.2; hind feet, 68.8.’’ (Nelson.) A topotype: total length, 502; tail, 250; hind foot, 69. Skull: average of four; basal length, 52.5; palatal length, 26.1; interorbital width, 19.7; zygo- matic width, 34.4; length of upper molar series, 11.2. 81. poliopus (Sciurus), Fitz., Sitzung. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1, 1867, p. 478. albipes Wagn., Abhandl. Math.—Phys. Cl. K. Bayer Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, 11, 1837, pp. 5o1—506. (nec Kerr.) varius Wagn., Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth., 111, 1843, p. 168. rufipes Fitz., Sitzung. K. Akad. Wiss. Wein, 1, 1867, p. 478. leucops Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 427. variegatus Alston, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1878, p. 660. wagnert Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1898, p. 453. Oaxaca SQUIRREL. Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Mountains about Valley of Oaxaca, except those on the west, 7,500-11,000 feet altitude. Genl. Char. Size large. Color. Back and outside of arms and legs gray, mixed with yellowish or brownish hairs; nose and forehead iron gray; patch on nape and rump pale brown tinged with black; sides of head gray; orbital ring, chin, and throat grayish white; under parts ferrugineous 118 SCIURUS. red; tail at base all around like back; above black washed with white, beneath mixed yellowish, or reddish brown bordered with black and edged with white; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 523; tail vertebre, 263; hind foot, 71. Skull: average of five; basal length, 52.2; palatal length, 27.3; interorbital width, 18.6; zygomatic width, 34.5; length of upper molar series, 10.7. a.—hernandezi (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 48. albipes quercinus Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 150. (nec Erxl.) wagnert quercinus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 453. albipes hernandezt Nels., Science, N. Ser., vil, 1898, p. 783. Oak Woops SQUIRREL. Type locality. Mountains 15 miles west of the city of Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Mountains west of Oaxaca Valley into southern part of State of Puebla and southeastern portion of State of Guer- rero, Mexico. Altitude, 8,000—9,000 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to S. poliopus, but paler. Color. Above and outside of arms and legs pale gray and yel- lowish; nose and forehead grizzled gray tinged with black, faint yel- lowish and black patch on nape; ears gray, with white basal patch; orbital ring whitish; chin and throat white; under parts white, some- times tinged with buff; hands and feet white; tail above and below at base like back, remainder of upper part black washed with white, beneath yellowish gray or rusty grizzled, with an indistinct black border and broad white edging. Measurements. Total length, 540; tail vertebra, 273; hind foot, 68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 51.5; palatal length, 26.5; interorbital width, 19.5; zygomatic width, 34.6; length of molar series, I1. b.—nemoralis (Scturus), Nels., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, Pv 50: albipes nemoralis Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 151. wagnerit nemoralis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 454. MICHOACAN SQUIRREL. Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Volcano of Toluca, State of Mexico, to Nahuatzin, State of Michoacan. Altitude, 7,000—12,000 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to S. p. hernandezi, but darker above Possessing a melanistic phase in certain localities. SCIURUS. 119 Color. Back and outside of arms and legs iron gray, occasionally with a rusty tinge; nose and forehead iron gray tinged with black; nape patch grizzled yellowish brown to chestnut brown; rump patch paler; ears grizzled gray, basal patch white; orbital ring and sides of head whitish; feet and hands white; under parts white, sometimes yellow; tail above black washed with white, beneath varying from grizzled gray to yellowish brown, indistinct black border and white edge. Measurements. Total length, 530; tail vertebre, 265; hind foot, 70. Skull: average of three; basal length, 51; palatal length, 26.8; interorbital width, 18.6; zygomatic width, 34.3; length of upper molar series, IT. c.—cervicalis (Scturus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18go, Derses. leucops Allen, Mon. N..Am. Rod., 1877, p. 753. (nec Gray.) variegatus Alston, Biol. Cent. Am., Mammalia, 1, 1880, p. 127. aureogaster leucops Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1889, p. 166. wagner cervicalis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 454. poliopus cervicalis Nels., Proc. Wash. Acad. Nat. Scien., 1, 1899, De GL. CoLtimMA MountTAIN SQUIRREL. Type locality. Hacienda San Marcos, Tonila, State of Jalisco, at east base of Sierra Nevada de Colima, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. From the Sierra Nevada de Colima along high mountains north to Ameca, State of Jalisco, and east into western part of State of Michoacan, Mexico. Altitude, 6,000—-12,000 feet, and down occasionally to 4,000. Genl. Char. Dark upper parts, and iron gray under surface of tail. Color. Back, outside of arms and legs, iron gray, sometimes with yellowish hairs intermixed; nose and forehead showing black and grayish white; nape and rump patches fulvous or rusty brown grizzled with black; orbital ring whitish; under parts white, in some specimens grizzled with black; hands and feet gray, paler than arms and legs; tail like back at base, rest above black washed with white, beneath iron gray with a black border and white edge. Measurements. Total length, 515; tail vertebrae, 248; hind foot, 68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 51.2; palatal length, 27.6; interorbital width, 19.8; zygomatic width, 34.9; length of upper molar series, 11.7. d.—colimensis (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, Pp. 32: ; _leucops Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 753. (Part.) 120 SCIURUS. albtpes colimensts Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 152. wagnert colimensts Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 454. CoLIMA SQUIRREL. ; Type locality. Hacienda Magdalena, State of Colima, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Coast region, State of Colima, Mexico. Color. Back grizzled gray; nose and forehead grizzled iron gray; nape and patch on rump yellowish brown to rusty, tinged with black; sides of head grizzled gray; orbital ring buff; outside of arms, legs, and hands iron gray; feet blackish, mixed with gray; ears yellowish brown or rusty, with a whitish patch at base; under parts white; tail at base same as back, remainder black washed with white, beneath grizzled iron gray, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebre, 258; hind foot, 68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.2; palatal length, 26.7; interorbital width, 19.1; zygomatic width, 38.8; length of molar serieS, 11.2. effwsiws (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 54: albipes effugius Nels., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 152. wagnert effugius Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1898, Pp. 454. GUERRERO SQUIRREL. Type locality. Mountains west of Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero, e. Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Forests of Cordillera, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Altitude, 7,500—9,500 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to S. poliopus, but under parts darker. Color. Above grizzled iron gray, mixed with rusty; nape and indistinct patch on rump rusty rufous, the latter sometimes mixed with black and white; sides of head, base of ears, and around eyes pale rufous; orbital ring whitish; ears reddish brown, with white patches at bases; chin and throat white; outside of arms and legs gray; hands and feet white, sometimes washed with rufous; under parts dark rufous; tail at base same as rump, remainder above black washed with white, beneath dark rufous with black border and white edge. Measurements. Total length, 498; tail vertebra, 249; hind foot, 68. Skull: average of four; basal length, 50.9; palatal length, 26.9; interorbital width, 19.1; zygomatic width, 34.5; length of upper molar series, IT. 82. nelsoni (Sciurus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vitr, 1893, OR SCIURUS. 121 NELSON’S SQUIRREL. Type locality. Huitzilac, State of Morelos, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Mountains south and west of the Valley of Mexico, and south of Valley of Toluca in the States of Mexico and Morelos. Genl. Char. Size large, colors dark. Color. Above blackish, grizzled with yellowish brown; top of head, ears, outside of arms and legs, hands and feet, black; sides of head grayish black, or yellowish brown; under parts blackish brown tinged with yellowish or rusty; tail all around at base like back, rest of upper part black washed with grayish white, beneath, yellow- ish gray and black with white edge; feet black. Measurements. Total length, 520; tail vertebre, 256; hind foot, 70. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.7; palatal length, 26.7; interorbital width, 19.4; zygomatic width, 34.9; length of upper molar series, I1.9. a.—hirtus (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 18098, Pp. 153- MouNTAIN SQUIRREL. Type locality. Tochimilco, State of Puebla, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Mounts Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl, Mexico. Altitudes 8,o00—-12,000 feet, in States of Mexico, Puebla, and Morelos. Genl. Char. Similar to S. nelsoni; gray area on back; tail broad, bushy. Color. Top of head and upper parts except middle of back, grayish brown; nose and middle of back bluish gray grizzled; ears, like crown, with white patch at the bases; chin and cheek gray; under parts ferrugineous; tail black above, washed with white, beneath grizzled rusty brown, bordered with black and edged with white; hands and feet gray. Measurements. Total length, 525; tail vertebra, 260; hind foot, 68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.2; palatal length, 26.5; interorbital width, 19.4; zygomatic width, 35.1; length of upper molar series, 11.8. 83. collizi (Sciurus), Rich., Voy. Blossom, Zodl., 1839, p. 8. hypopyrrhus Alston, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1878, p. 662. (Part.) COLLIE’S SQUIRREL. Type locality. San Blas, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. From northern border of Territorio de Tepic to Bay of Banderas, State of Jalicso, Mexico, below 2,500 feet. Genl. Char. Size large; pelage thin; tail long. Color. Above yellowish gray, tinged with black; nose iron gray, crown darker than back; outside of arms and legs dark gray; hands 122 SCIURUS. and feet whitish; orbital ring whitish; ears yellowish brown, with whitish basal patches; flanks and shoulders on sides gray; under parts white; tail at base all around like back, remaining portion above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled black and yel- lowish gray, or black, gray, and yellowish brown, bordered narrowly with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 508; tail vertebra, 265; hind foot, 65. Skull: average of four; basal length, 49; palatal length, 25.6; interorbital width, 18.4; zygomatic width, 32.6; length of upper molar series, Ir. a.—nuchalis (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, P- 59. MANZANILLO SQUIRREL. Type locality. Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. From State of Michoacan to Bay of Banderas, State of Jalisco, Mexico, and inland to mountains near San Sebastian in the same State, below 3,000 feet. Genl. Char. Like S. colli@i, but ears rusty rufous; nape and shoulders buffy yellow; rump washed with black. Color. Above yellowish gray, lower part of back and rump washed with black; nape mixed with black; crown like nape; ears rusty rufous, with rusty white basal patches; cheeks and sides of nose yellowish brown; orbital ring yellowish; flanks gray, paler than back; outside of arms, hands, and feet iron gray; shoulders washed with gray; under parts white; base of tail like back, remainder above black washed with white; beneath grizzled reddish yellow, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 525; tail vertebre, 272; hind foot, 71. Skull: average of five; basal length, 52.3; palatal length, 27.6; interorbital width, 20.6; zygomatic width, 35.9; length of upper molar series, II.4. 84. sinaloensis (Sciuwrus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 60. SINALOA SQUIRREL. Type locality. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Southern and central parts of the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, below 2,500 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to S. colliet, but paler. Color. Crown and rest of upper parts pale reddish yellow mixed with black; nose and forehead grizzled yellowish gray; sides of neck, shoulders, flanks, arms, legs, hands, and feet grayish white; orbital ring and side of nose gray; cheeks yellowish brown; ears yellowish SCIURUS. 123 with basal brownish yellow patches; under parts white; tail above grizzled brownish yellow, washed with white, beneath similar in color, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 524; tail vertebre, 255; hind foot, 62. Skull: basal length, 53; palatal length, 26.3; interorbital width, 20; zygomatic width, 34; length of upper molar series, 11. 85. truii (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 61. TRUE’S SQUIRREL. Type locality. Camoa, Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Southwestern part of the State of Sonora and northern portion of the State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to S. colie1, but back dark yellowish and skull differently proportioned. | Color. Upper parts grizzled dark yellowish; sides of head yellowish gray; ears rusty; basal patches same color; outside of arms, legs, hands and feet dark gray; under parts white; tail like back at base, remainder above mixed black and dark yellowish tinged with white; beneath similar, with an ill-defined black border and white edge. Measurements. Total length, 485; tail vertebra, 254; hind foot, 66. Skull: average of four; basal length, 47.7; palatal length, 24.3; interorbital width, 18.3; zygomatic width, 33.2; length of upper molar series, IT. 86. socialis (Sciwrus), Wagn., Abh. Math. Phys. Cl. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Munchen, 11, 1837, pp. 501-7, pl. v. aureigaster Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 750. (Part.) leucops Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 753. (Part.) variegatus Alston, Proc. Zo6l. Soc., 1878, p. 660. (Part.) TEHUANTEPEC SQUIRREL. Type locality. Near Tehauntepec City, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Puerto Angel, State of Oaxaca, south to Tonala and Tuxtla, State of Chiapas, Mexico, below 3,000 feet. Genl. Char. Color variable; *nape patch, when present, rusty rufous; under parts from white to ferrugineous. Color. Above mixed white and black tinged with yellowish or rufous; nape blackish rusty rufous; rump patch sometimes exhibiting rusty rufous; cheeks, space around eyes, and bases of ears yellowish brown; orbital ring dull fulvous; under parts white; tail like rump all around the base, remainder above black washed with white, beneath from fulvous gray to orange, bordered by black and edged with white; handssand feet like back. * Specimens from near Tonala are usually without nape patch. 124 SCIURUS. Measurements. Total length, 540; tail vertebrz, 280; hind foot, 65. Skull: average of five; basal length, 51.8; palatal length, 26.9; interorbital width, 18.1; zygomatic width, 33.9; length of upper molar series, I1.3. a.—cocos (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, Pp. 155: aureogaster! I. Geoff., Voy. Vénus, Zool., Atlas, 1846, pl. 10. (nec Cuv.) ACAPULCO SQUIRREL. Type locality. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. From Acapulco, State of Guerrero to Jamiltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, below 1,500 feet. Genl. Char. Nape and rump patches distinct; under parts variable, white to ferrugineous. | Color. Back, outside of arms, legs, hands, and feet grayish or creamy white; nape and rump blackish rufous or chestnut; sides of head and base of ears and around eyes yellowish; under parts white to dark ferrugineous, varying among individuals; ears rufous; tail above black washed with white, sometimes tinged with rufous, beneath reddish buff to dark ferrugineous, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 520; tail vertebra, 261; hind foot, 68. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.8; palatal length, 26.5; interorbital width, 19.3; zygomatic width, 33.7; length of upper molar series, 10.6. 87. griseiflavus (Macroxus), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., KX, POOF sD. 427. ludovicianus Tomes, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1861, p. 281. (nec. Cus- tis.) aureigaster Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 750. (Part.) affinis Alston, Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1878, p. 660. GUATEMALA SQUIRREL. Type locality. Guatemala. Geogr. Distr. Southeastern part of State of Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala, 7,000—10,000 feet altitude. Genl. Char. Size large; color variable, usually grizzled yellowish brown and gray. Color. Upper parts grizzled yellowish brown, occasionally washed with white, this most conspicuous in winter specimens; outside of arms, legs, and flanks like back; hands and feet grizzled yellow or yellowish brown; sides of head and ears gray, the latter with grayish basal patches; chin and throat grayish fulvous; under parts rufous SCIURUS. 125 or gray washed with fulvous; base of tail like back, rest above black washed with white, beneath grizzled yellowish or brownish, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 547; tail vertebrxz, 270; hind foot, 68. Skull: average of four; basal length, 51.8; palatal length, 27.2; interorbital width, 19; zygomatic width, 34.4; length of upper molar series, I1.4. a.—chiapensis (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 69. CHIAPAS SQUIRREL. Type locality. San Cristobal, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Mountains of central portion of State of Chiapas, Mexico. Altitude, 7,500-9,500 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to S. griseiflavus, but grayer above, and feet whitish. Color. Upper parts and outside of arms and legs grizzled gray; ears grayish white, with white basal patches; orbital ring pale fulvous; sides of head fulvous brown; sides of nose, lower part of cheeks, chin and throat, whitish gray; hands and feet grayish white; under parts rufous; base of tail all around like back, above black, washed with white, beneath yellowish brown or rufous, bordered with black and edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 506; tail vertebre, 253; hind foot, 70. Skull: average of five; basal length, 50.9; palatal length, 26.6; interorbital width, 19.1; zygomatic width, 34.3; length of upper molar series, 11.4. 88. yucatanensis (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,1897,p.5. carolinensis yucatanensis Allen, Mon. N. Am. Roden., 1877, p. 705. carolinensis Alston, Proc. Zo6él. Soc., 1878, p. 658. YUCATAN SQUIRREL. Type locality. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Pelage coarse, bristly; ear tufts sometimes present. Color. Upper parts and flanks grizzled gray and black, some- times tinged with yellowish brown; sides of head pale gray; orbital ting whitish; outside of arms and legs, with feet and hands, like back; ears dark gray; some specimens have whitish basal patches; tufts yellowish white, not always present; under parts whitish or grayish white; base of tail all around like back, remainder above black, washed With white, beneath grizzled gray, with a narrow black border and white edge. 126 SCIURUS, Measurements. Total length, 460; tail vertebra, 230; hind foot, 55. Skull: basal length, 45; palatal length, 23; interorbital width, 16.2; zygomatic width, 19; length of upper molar series, 9.5. a.—batlioluws (Scturus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xIv, 1901, Detect, SWARTHY SQUIRREL, Type locality. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Southern part of State of Campeche, and eastern part of State of Tabasco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to S. yucatanensts, but darker. Color. Above blackish gray suffused with buff; beneath iron gray; legs and hands grizzled with buff or gray; feet black; tail black, washed with gray, Measurements. Total length, 464; tail vertebra, 238; hind foot, 59. 89. thomasi (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., I, 1899, p. 71. boothie (nec Gray), Allen, Mon. N. Am, Rodent., 1877, pp. 741- 746. (Part. Costa Rica.) hypopyrrhus Alston, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1878, pp. 662-664. (Part. Costa Rica specimens. ) THOMAS’ SQUIRREL. Type locality, Talamanca, Costa Rica, Geogr. Distr. ‘‘Humid tropical forests of eastern Costa Rica.” Genl. Char. Hair on back coarse, stiff, glossy; tail long, narrow. Color. Crown and upper parts of body, sides of neck, outer side of arms and legs, and base of tail black, the yellowish under color appearing; chin and sides of head grayish brown; under parts ferru- gineous, irregularly varied with white; tail above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled black and yellowish brown, bordered with black and edged with white; feet black or grizzled ferrugineous; ears blackish, with basal ferrugineous patch, and black tufts. Measurements. Average total length, 517.5; tail, 246.5; hind foot, 62.2. Skull: basal length, 50; palatal length, 26.2; interorbital width, 22; zygomatic width, 35.5; length of upper molar series, 11.5. 90. adolphei (Macroxus), Less., Nouv. Tabl. Régn. Anim. Mamm., 1842, p. 112. boothie Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 741. (Part. Nicaragua, ) hypopyrrhus Alston, Biol. Centr. Amer. Mamm., 1, 1880, p. 128. (Part.) SCIURUS., 127 NICARAGUA SQUIRREL. Type locality. Realejo, Nicaragua. Geogr. Distr. Lowlands on west coast of Nicaragua, Genl. Char. WUairs of back coarse, stiff, shiny; under fur short, Color. Upper parts and upper portion of thighs, dark brown, washed with grayish; flanks paler; crown iron gray; cheeks, sides of neck, and nape grayish brown; under parts, arms, part of shoulders, and inside of thighs dark reddish chestnut; chin, throat, axillar region, and between hind legs white; tail above black washed with white, beneath rusty brown bordered with black and edged with white; hands and feet grizzled chestnut; ears iron gray, with white patches at base. Measurements. Total length, 440; tail vertebra, 199; hind foot, 65. a.—dorsalis (Sciurus), Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1848, p. 138. rigidus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863, D, O52, intermedius Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 421. nicoyana Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 423. boothie Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 741. (Part. Costa Rica specimens.) hypopyrrhus Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 746. (Part. West Costa Rica specimens.) BANDED-BACK SQUIRREL. Type locality. Liberia, Costa Rica nec Caracas, Venezuela. Geogr. Distr. Western Costa Rica, Alajuela to Liberia, Peninsula of Nicoya, and possibly adjacent parts of Nicaragua. Genl. Char. Tail long, narrow; colors brighter than those of S. adolphei. Hairs coarse, stiff. Color. Dorsal band from nape to tail blackish to grizzled yellow- ish brown; sides grayish; crown and sides of head paler than back; under parts, arms, legs, hands, and feet varying from white or yellow- ish to rufous; chin, cheeks, and sides of neck grizzled gray to grayish brown; tail above black, washed with white, beneath dark rufous to rusty orange, or grayish white bordered by black and edged with white; ears grizzled gray or brown, with black border, and basal white patches. This is a very variable species and has several color phases, individuals presenting quite a different appearance from each other. Measurements. Total length, 510; tail vertebra, 248.5; hind foot, 62.2. Skull: average of two; basal length, 51.7; palatal length, 27.7; interorbital width, 21.8; zygomatic width, 35.2; length of upper molar series, 11.7. 128 SCIURUS. 91. melania (Sciurus), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 425. GRAY'S BLACK SQUIRREL. Type locality. Point Burica, Costa Rica, Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Panama. (Bangs.) 2,000 feet altitude. Color. Back dark chocolate; rest of pelage and tail black. Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebra, 260; hind foot, 03; ear, 30. 92. boothiw (Sciurus), Gray, List. Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843, p. 139. richardsont Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., rst Ser., x, 1842, p. 264. (nec Bachman.) Juscovartegatus Schinz., Syn. Mamm., 1, 1845, p. 15. hypopyrrhus Alston, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1878, p. 662. (Part. Hon- duras specimens. ) HONDURAS SQUIRREL. Type locality. Honduras. San Pedro Sula? Geogr, Distr. Humid coast forests of northern Honduras and border of Guatemala, Genl, Char. Pelage thin; hair coarse; tail nearly as long as head and body, narrow, Color. Above grizzled grayish brown, occasionally tinged with reddish; chin and sides of head grayish brown; outside of arms and legs, hands and feet dark grayish brown, sometimes nearly black; tail at base like back, remainder above black, washed with white, beneath dark grizzled brown, tinged with yellowish and bordered with black and edged with white; ears with black border. Measurements, Total length, 524; tail vertebra, 255; hind foot, 03. a.—belti. (Seturus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, 1899, p. 78. EScONDIDO RIVER SQUIRREL. Type locality. Escondido River, fifty miles above Bluefields, Nicaragua, Geogr. Distr. East coast region of Nicaragua, north to Segovia River, Honduras, Genl. Char. Similar to S. boothi@, but under parts rusty rufous, and rusty yellowish hands and feet. Color. Above, including nose and base of tail, grizzled grayish brown, washed with black; chin and sides of head yellowish brown to brownish gray; under parts rusty rufous; outer side of arms and legs suffused with rusty yellow; hands and feet rusty yellowish and SCIURUS. 129 black; tail above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled yellowish brown or rusty, bordered with black and edged narrowly with white ; ears and basal patches, rusty; border of ears black. Measurements. Total length, 506; tail vertebra, 258; hind foot, 60. Skull: average of four; basal length, 48.8; palatal length, 25.5; interorbital width, 19.6; zygomatic width, 33.7; length of upper molar series, 11.4. 93. variegatoides (Sciuwrus), Ogilby, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1839, p. 117. pyladei Less., Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., Mamm., 1842, p. 112. colue@i Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 746. (Part. var. 1.) hypopyrrhus Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, pp. 746-750. (Part. Salvador specimens.) VARIEGATED SQUIRREL. Type locality. Salvador, west coast Central America, Geogr. Distr. Tropical forests of Salvador, West Coast of Central America, Genl. Char. Tail slender; base of tail and upper parts yellowish gray. Color. Upper parts, outer side of arms and legs above, and base of tail grizzled yellowish gray; under parts buffy ochraceous; lower part of arms and legs, and hands and feet dark ochraceous buff; chin and cheeks grayish buff; tail above black, washed with white, beneath grizzled buffy gray, bordered by black and edged with white, ears pale rusty; basal patches buff, bordered faintly with black. Measurements. Total length, 545; tail vertebra, 280; hind foot, 66 Skull: basal length, 49; palatal length, 26; interorbital breadth, 20; zygomatic width, 34; length of upper molar series, rr. 94, managuensis (Sciuwrus), Nelson, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 1, [o00, Pp. St. boothie managuensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, Pp. 150. Rio MANAGUA SQUIRREL. Type locality. Managua River, Guatemala. Geogr. Distr. Northern Guatemala, along Managua River. Genl, Char. Pelage dense; hair coarse; tail long, narrow. Color, Above with base of tail grizzled yellowish brown; crown and median dorsal region washed with black; sides and outer sides of arms and legs suffused with yellowish; chin and sides of head yellowish brown; under parts dingy yellow to reddish buff; tail above black, washed With white, beneath grizzled grayish or yellowish brown, bordered with black and edged with white; hands and feet 10 SCIURUS, grizzled buffy yellow; ears edged with black, basal patches buffy yellow; tufts rusty, Measurements, Total length, 537; tail vertebra, 270; hind foot, 62.7. Skull: average of two; basal length, 50.2; palatal length, 27; interorbital width, 19; zygomatic width, 33.9; length of upper molar series, 11.5. 95. goldmani (Sciurus), Nelson, Proc, Biol. Soc. Wash., xu, 1898, Pp. 149. GOLDMAN'S SQUIRREL, Type locality, Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico, Geogr, Distr. Southeastern part of State of Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala, Genl, Char, Ear tufts present; pelage thin; hairs coarse, Color, Upper parts pale iron gray; rump and middle of back washed with black; top of head iron gray, tinged with yellow and washed with black; shoulders yellowish gray; outside of arms dark gray; hands paler; outside of thighs and tlanks pale yellowish iron gray; feet grizzled iron gray; ears gray, with rufous tufts and white basal patches; orbital ring brownish buff; under parts white; tail above black, washed with white, beneath iron gray to grizzled yellowish, narrowly bordered with black on sides and subterminally, and edged with white, Measurements, Total length, 570; tail vertebra, 305; hind foot, O8. Skull: average of five; basal length, 51.2; palatal length, 26.9; interorbital width, 19.8; zygomatic width, 33.9; length of upper molar series, 11,3. H. Hesperosciurus. Premolars, =. Skull long, broad, especially across parieta region, where it is depressed; zygomatic process of squamosal hori- zontal, arch obliquely ascending; rostrum rather broad; nasals long, terminating equally with posterior ends of premaxille; molars large, heavy, 96. griseus (Sciurus), Ord, Guth,, Geog., 815, p. 292. Elliot, Syn, N. Am, Mamm.,, rgor, p. 55. Jossor Peale, U.S. Expl. Exped., Mamm. & Birds, 1848, p. 55. hermannt LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1852, p. 149. leporinus Hensh., Ann, Rep. Engin,, 1876, p. 25. anthonyt Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1898, p. sor. CALIFORNIA GRAY SQUIRREL, ype locality. The Dalles, Columbia River, Wasco County, Oregon, SCIURUS, l Fia, 20. SCIURUS (HH ESPEROSCIURUS) GRISEU No, 660% Mield Columbian Mus, Coll Nat, size Geogr, Distr, Oregon and northern California, into Lower Califor nia, Mexico Genl, Char. Size large; tail vertebra as long as body and head; upper premolars and molars, five; skull slender, elongate Color Above and outside of arms and legs grizzled bluish gray and black; under parts pure white; tult at base of ear chestnut tail above mixed gray, white, and black, with a white border, beneath grizzled grayish white, with sometimes an ill-defined border and white edge; hands grayish white to grizzled gray; feet gray to blackish gray Measurements, Total length, 565; tail vertebra, 257; hind foot, 77, Car, 30% Skull: average of five; basal length, 56.3; palatal length, 32.1; int@rorbital width, 20.8; zygomatic width, 38.7; length of upper molar series, 11 " | i SCIURUS., The Chickarees, or Red Squirrels, comprising the last sub-genus of Seturus, are boreal in their range and are found as far north as the limit of trees. So far as known, only one subspecies penetrates into Mexico, and this is confined to the San Pedro Martir Mountain range of Lower -California, where probably by a lofty altitude it counteracts the effects of a more southern latitude. The tail of the Red Squirrel is smaller than that of the gray squirrel group and its allies, and the ears are often tufted or penciled in winter, and the species represent in America the common squirrel of Europe. Like many species of Tamias, at certain seasons the Chickarees have a black line along the side dividing the color of the upper and under parts [, Tamiasciurus, Chickarees, Premolars, | or = Skull short, broad, depressed between i] orbits; superior outline greatly curved, highest point between post orbital process of the frontal; rostrum short, broad; nasals broad, not Fia. 21 SCIURUS (TAMIASCIURUS) D. MEARNS No, 2s170 U.S, Nat. Mus. Co Na SCIURUS., 1338 equaling interorbital width; squamosal process of zygoma projecting outward, curving gradually downward; molar series rather heavy. dowglasi mearnsi (Scturus), Towns., Proc, Biol. Soc, Wash., x1, 1897, p. 146. MEARNS’ SQUIRREL, Type locality. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. Forest of San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. Altitude about 7,000 feet. Genl, Char. Similar to S. d. albolimbatus, but grayer, with pale colored hands and feet, Color. Upper parts pale gray, tinged with yellowish; sides of head grizzled gray; orbital ring whitish; ears gray; broad lateral line black; under parts whitish; basal half of tail above pale gray, suffused with rusty and edged with white, remaining portion black, washed with white, beneath grizzled gray, bordered with black and edged with white; hands and feet pale buff; ears gray; tufts black. Measurements. Total length, 308-346; tail vertebra, 111-130; hind foot, 51-55. Skull: basal length, 41; palatal length, 25; inter- orbital constriction, 14.5; zygomatic width, 28; length of upper molar series, 8. The sprightly and gayly colored little Chipmunks, north of the Mexican boundary, are among the commonest of American Rodents. They frequent the forests or rocky places, often bare of trees, and make their nests in holes either in the ground cor in stumps of trees, or in the interstices of rocks. Brushheaps are much frequented by these lively creatures as affording a facile means of escape, and also for observing the movements of anything that has excited their fears. While dwellers of the ground, they readily climb trees, but rarely leap from branch to branch, as do the tree squirrels. They feed on seeds, nuts, and grain, and diligently provide an ample store against the coming of winter, carrying it to the various hiding places in their cheek pouches, They are pretty animals, usually possessing bright colored stripes, and the many forms into which the genus has been divided bear a general resemblance to each other, so close indeed that in not a few instances it is not an easy matter for even the expert to distinguish them. Comparatively few species are found south of the Mexican and United States boundary line, and of these some aré more plentifully represented in the more northern land. 184 TAMIAS., 35. Tamias. Chipmunks, Lit: Pp or: M2 = 20 or 22. [—I] I—I] [==] eg J. A. Allen. A review of some of the North Amertcan Ground Squirrels, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 45. Tamias Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av., 18121, p. 83. Type Scrurus striatus Linneus, Tenotts Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 1, 1817, p. 362. Kutamias Trouess., Le Nat., 11, 1880, p. 86. Tail short, not bushy, narrow; cheek pouches large; ears without tufts. Skull narrow anteriorly; superior outline convex; postorbital processes slender, directed backward and downward; antorbital foramen oval: zygomata expanded and depressed anteriorly; upper g PI premolars either two or one, Fia, 22, TAMIAS OBSCURUS., Field Columbian Mus, Coll, Nat, size Upper roorh ROW LOWER TOOTH ROW, Enlarged & times Enlarged & times, A, Butamias. Skull with superior outline highest over parietals; orbital foramen a narrow, slit-like opening; rostrum compressed; nasals short, slightly narrowed posteriorly; pterygoid fossa long and wide; audital bulle large TAMIAS, Lah KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Size medium. PAGE a. Median dark dorsal stripe alone distinct....,. T. dorsalis 135 b. Three dark dorsal stripes distinct; outer pair faint. a.’ Tail beneath with central area rufous..... T. obscurus 136 b.’ Tail beneath with central area ochraceous...7. bullert 136 c.’ Tail beneath with central area pale yellow.7. durange 137 d.’ Tail beneath with central area reddish SORA eR TH an eh ty de OpLe Pains beatae Tl. merriamt 137 c. Five dark dorsal stripes distinct........ T. quadrivittalus 138 97. dorsalis (Jamias), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, p. 332. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 68. quadrivitiatus pallidus Coues & Yarr., in Wheeler's Rep, Geogr, & Geol. Expl. and Surv. West of roo Merid., v, 1876, p. 118. GILA CHIPMUNK, Type locality, Fort Webster, Grant County, New Mexico. Geogr. Distr, Northern Utah to northern Mexico; west to the Sierra Nevada; east to the Mimbres in New Mexico. Genl, Char. Single dorsal stripe alone conspicuous, Color. Upper parts hoary mixed with rusty and brown; flanks and hips dull rusty; dorsal stripe dark brown; a faint stripe of grayish on flanks; under parts dull grayish white; tail above mixed black, chestnut, and white, hairs chestnut at base; face with usual Tamas stripes, Measurements, Total length, 237; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot, 22; ear, 20. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37; Hensel, 29; zygomatic width, 20; interorbital width, 9; palatal length, 16; length of upper molar series, 5. Fia, XXX. TAMIAS OBSCURUS. DUSKY CHIPMUNK. 1d TAMIAS, 98. obscurus (Jamas), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, Pp. 79: LOWER CALIFORNIA CHIPMUNK, Type locality, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico, Geogr, Distr, San Pedro Martir and Hanson Laguna Mountains, Lower California, Mexico, Genl, Char, Size small; pelage soft, color dark. Color, Post-breeding Pelage. Above dark brownish gray; five indistinet dorsal stripes dull chestnut, posterior half of median one blackish; intermediate light stripes whitish gray; central portion of flanks yellowish brown; shoulders, arms, thighs, and legs like upper parts; top of head blackish gray; ears similar, with large white patches at base; sides of face whitish, with three chestnut stripes from nose to ears; under parts whitish; tail above black or dark brown washed with black, beneath rufous edged with black and with white hairs intermingled; hands like arms; feet buffy or brownish gray, Winter Pelage, Dull; light stripes on dorsal region very faint, almost obsolete; dark stripes also faintly perceptible; upper parts iron gray tinged with brown, with the light gray stripes, and darker brown ones faintly indicated; middle of sides fulvous; top of head like back; two white stripes on sides of face, one from tip of nose over and beyond eye, the other from beneath eye to base of ear; shoulders and sides like back; upper parts of arms and hands, legs and feet paler brownish or brownish gray; under parts white, plum- beous of under fur showing through; tail above black, beneath in center dark rufous, bordered with black and edged with yellowish white; anal region very dark rufous, Measurements, Total length, 230; tail vertebra, 80-103; hind foot, 32-34. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37; Hensel, 16; zygomatic width, 20; interorbital width,.8; palatal length, 15.5; length of upper molar series, 5.5. 00, bulleri (7amias), Allen, Bull. Amer, Mus. Nat. Hist., 1889, Pp. 73: MEXICAN CHIPMUNK, I'ype locality, Sierra de Valparaiso, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Geogr, Distr, State of Zacatecas, Mexico, Genl, Char, Similar to 7, merrtamt, Ears tricolor; black patch between eye and ear, Color, Upper parts and sides pale gray tinged with buff; five dark dorsal stripes, three distinct, the three median ones seal brown TAMIAS, 137 mixed with yellowish chestnut; outermost ones yellowish chestnut mixed with blackish; median hght stripes gray, outer ones grayish white; facial stripes white and black, bordered with rusty; ears on center at base black, edge margined with rusty and tipped with white; large white patch at base of ear; under parts and upper sur face of hands and feet grayish white; tail above black mixed with buff, and hairs white-tipped, beneath ochraceous, bordered with black and fringed with white. Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebra, 98; hind foot, 33. Skull: average total length, 36.6; greatest breadth, 23, 100. durange (/¢utamias), Allen, Bull, Am, Mus, Nat, Hist., 1903, Pp. 595. DURANGO CHIPMUNK. Type locality. Arroyo de Buey, State of Durango, Mexico, Genl, Char. Similar to 7. bullera but larger and paler. Color, ‘Similar to /¢, (7) bullert from southwestern Zacatecas, but larger and paler, with the white markings on the head broader, and the white post-auricular patch larger; rump, basal portion of the tail, and flanks faintly suffused with a very pale tinge of buff instead of being gray as in bulleri; the dark dorsal stripes are similar in extent and in color, but the intervening light stripes are suffused with pale cinnamon instead of being nearly clear white as in biullert, and the rufous of the flanks is much paler. (Allen, |. c.) Measurements, ‘Total length, 238; tail vertebra, 98; hind foot, 32; ear from notch, rg. Skull: total length, 39; zygomatic width, ar, 101. merriami (7amias), Allen, Bull, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890 p. 84. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 71. asiaticus merriamt Allen, Bull. Am, Mus. Nat, Hist., 1889, p. 176. Merriam's CHipMUNK., Type locality, San Bernardino Mountains, California, Geogr. Distr, From Tulare and Monterey Counties, California, ’ south in the mountains into Lower California, Mexico, Genl, Char. Size large; color pale; facial and dorsal marking not strongly contrasted; ears high, pointed. Color, Above dull yellowish gray mixed in places with fulvous; dorsal stripes pale yellowish to fulvous brown, the light ones pale gray; sides and rump pale olivaceous; tail above blackish, fringed with» gray, beneath reddish chestnut, bordered with black and fringed with whitish, Post-breeding Pelage. Wlanks golden rufous; dark dorsal stripes yellowish rufous light ones silver gray; tail beneath orange chestnut, above orange yellow. 138 TAMIAS. Measurements, Average total length, 285; tail vertebra, 117, hind foot, 34. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 41; Hensel, 31; zygo- matic width, 21; interorbital width, g; palatal length, 16; length of upper molar series, 5.5. 102. quadrivittatus (Sciurus), Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 1, 1823, p. 45. quadrivittatus (Tamias), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 75. COLORADO CHIPMUNK. Type locality, Arkansas River, Colorado, ‘‘near where it breaks through the foothills,’ Park County (?) Geogr. Distr. State of Durango, Mexico, north to southern boundary of Colorado, northward through Wyoming to and includ- ing the Yellowstone National Park. Genl. Char. Rather small; general color gray. Color. Breeding Pelage. Above gray, sides washed with pale yellowish brown; beneath grayish white; dark dorsal stripes black and rufous; light ones ashy; outer white. Post-breeding Pelage. Above rufous; thighs plumbeous gray; dark dorsal stripes black and rufous; outer light stripes whitish; flanks yellowish rufous; under parts grayish white; dark facial stripes rusty brown; light ones grayish white; tail above black and buff, beneath buffy ochraceous bordered and fringed with black. 3; tail vertebre, 82; hind foot, 31. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 35; Hensel, 14; zygo- matic width, 18; interorbital width, 7; palatal length, 15; length of Measurements. Average total length, 22 upper molar series, 4. The genus CITELLUS, containing the Spermophiles, is represented in North America by a considerable number of species and varieties, which exhibit the extremes of form from that of a rather small, stout, short-tailed animal, to a large, more slenderly and gracefully shaped creature with a long, bushy, squirrel-like tail. In many places they are known as ‘gophers,’ and like the real gopher, they are great diggers, and live in burrows, into which they scurry at the least alarm. They are gregarious and sociable, living in communities, and in certain districts of our country are veritable pests when making their abodes in cultivated ground. Very active and industrious, they lay up great stores of food against the winter, and in spite of their troublesome propensities, are pleasing objects in a landscape, as they flit over the ground waving their bushy tails, or sit upright CITELLUS., 139 at the mouths of their burrows, vigilant watchmen of danger’s approach. The different species are striped, spotted, or otherwise marked in various colors, and some are exceedingly pretty creatures. 36. Citellus, I—I , 2—2. aed | DA Li; P22; M3 = 22. Citellus Oken, Lehrb. der Zodl., 1, 1816, p. 842. Type Mus citellus Linneus. Spermophilus F. Cuv., Mem. Mus., vi, 1825, PD. 2032; Spermatophilus Wagl., Syst. Av. Amphib., 1830, p. 22. Citillus Lichten., Darst. neuer oder wenig bekannt. Saugeth., Heft 5, 1627—34, pl. XXXI, fig. 2. Colobots Brandt, Bull. Classe Phys-math. Acad. Imp. Scien. St. Petersb., 11, 1844, p. 36s. Otospermophilus Brandt, Bull. Classe Phys-math. Acad. Imp. Scien. St. Petersb., 11, 1844, p. 379. Otocolobus Brandt, Bull. Classe Phys-math. Acad. Imp. Scien. St. Petersb., 11, 1844, p. 382. ’ Ictidomys Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rod., 1877, p. 821. Spermoplulopsis Blasius, Tag. Deut. Nat. Vers., 1884, p. 324. Ammospermoplilus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vil, 1892, p. 27. Xerospermophilus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vu, 1892, pO: a7, Calospermophilus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 11, 1897, p. 189 (note). FiG. 23. CITELLUS (AMMOSPERMOPHILUS) H. SAXICOLA. No, 59469 U.S. Nat. Mus, Coll. Nat, size. 140 CITELLUS. Body rather slender; tail either long, moderate, or short, varying greatly in its length among the different species; ears large to rudi- mentary, not tufted; cheek pouches large; skull variable, short and broad like Scturus, or long and narrow; postorbita] processes strong, with a downward direction; antorbital foramen circular, with a well- developed tubercle on outer lower border. KEY TO THE SUBGENERA. A. Coronoid process of mandible broad and heavy. a. Nasals equal in length to the premaxille salon (FRSA SNS es ih bak ath Say hace he Satna cated Be Ammos permo philus b. Nasals not so long as the premaxille. ...\erospermophilus B. Coronoid process of mandible long and slender. a. Nasals longer than the premaxille. Be) PAIIOROD ES, - TUB ye ckstateneehin aate< testes Callos permo philus b.’ sDaillong anime busiit. Sit, ora. coc Otospermo plhilus KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES: A. Size small; tail short, narrow. a. Upper parts not spotted. a.’ Tail beneath white on central portion, a.” Above grizzled grayish brown and vina- CROWS Ait ce de ake Ween ene eat pta oo. Ghar b.’’ Above pale yellowish brown and white. C. h. saxicola c.” Above grizzled orev. Wk wee a ... C, leucurus Go A bOVe ITGR Ona, Ae earns ee sees C. Ll. peninsulke e.” Above grizzled gray and vinaceous ....C. interpres b.’ Tail not white beneath. a.’ Above grizzled gray and _ yellowish Dro wits si. orate Can ase eee Nile a eee C. tereticaudus b.” Above ‘tawn, colori eure a C. t. sonortensts c.”’ Above grizzled yellowish brown and hE Nol Se ee eo te ere id een C. perotensts b. Upper parts spotted. a.’ Above reddish-browm..3 7 seen an tie C. spilosoma b.’ Above russet brown, white spots bordered with: dusky.c::<.% iy Gate .. .C..s, microspilotus ce.’ Above dark reddish or yellowish brown. . ..C. mextcanus d.’ Above pale reddish brown............ C. m. parvidens B. Size large, tail long, bushy. a. Tail not over one-fourth total length....... C. madrensis b. Tail less than half total length. a.’ Tail not annulated. PAGE 141 143 147 148 PAGE I4I 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 145 146 146 147 CITELLUS, 141 a.’’ Shoulders black, spotted with ferru- PAGE felis [oU DI) Ie ol fi Santas ae A ee C.vartegatus 148 b.”” Shoulders mottled with black and white. /’’ Crown speckled with black and a white, or brown, black, and white..C.v. grammurus 1409 Det row LAs OWE cj Gand ive sui oie a fe C. vu. fishert 150 ce.” Shoulders black, crown black...... C.v. atricapillus 150 d.”” Shoulders blackish brown and whitish; crown, sides, and nape of head black. .C.v. ruprestris 180 e.’’ Shoulders grizzled grayish and black....C. adocetus 152 b.’ Tail annulated. A. MC dOOt VERIO vecea Mutya ea a 09 (..C. OnnUAths 151 Be SMC, TOMTOM as cy oreonh vrliees .C. a. goldmant 151 A. Ammospermophilus, Merr. Size small. Skull broad; interorbital constriction slight; nasals short, broad, reaching posterior end of premaxilla; first premolar less than half the second in size; tail, one-third the length of the head and body. Fia. 24. CITELLUS (AMMOSPERMOPHILUS) L. PENINSULA. ‘No. 4948 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size. 103. harrisi (Spermoplilus), Aud. & Bachm., Quadr. N. Am., 11, Poet. 207, pl. DA4, Pig, t. Elhot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., [90T, .195. HaArrIs’s SPERMOPHILE, Type locality. Not determined. 142 CITELLUS. Geogr. Distr. Northeastern part of State of Sonora, Mexico, to southern Utah and Nevada, into California. Genl. Char. Ears small, tail short, black dorsal stripe wanting; angle of mandibular ramus much developed. Color. Above grizzled grayish brown, tinged with vinaceous posteriorly; narrow white stripe on sides; flanks tinged with pale chestnut; orbital ring, and lower parts of body yellowish white; tail flat, above black and white, edged with white, beneath white bordered with black and edged with white. Some specimens exhibit little or no difference between the upper and lower sides of the tail. Measurements. Total length, 260; tail vertebra, 88; hind foot, 41. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 39.5; Hensel, 32; zygomatic width, 23; interorbital width, 10; palatal length, 19; length of upper molar series, 8. a.—saxicola (Spermophilus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 444. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor1, p. 86. Rock SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. Tinajas Atlas, Gila Mountains, Yuma County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Gila Mountains, southwestern Arizona. Genl. Char. Colors pallid; tail rather long. Color. Like C. harrist, but all hues much paler, and tail longer. Above grayish brown, all the hairs tipped with yellowish white giving a grizzled appearance; a narrow whitish stripe on side from shoulder to rump; flanks speckled with brown and rufous; shoulders and limbs pale chestnut, hair tipped with whitish; under parts white; tail black mixed with white and a narrow edging of the same; hands and feet white tinged with buff. . Measurements. Total length, 245; tail vertebrz, 93; hind foot, 40. (ex Type.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 40; Hensel, 35; zygo- matic width, 23.5; interorbital width, 10; palatal length, 20; length of upper molar series, 8. 104. leucurus (TJamias), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 2, 1889, p. 20. leucurus (Spermophilus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 86. WHITE-TAILED SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. San Gorgonio Pass, Riverside County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, to California, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. Genl. Char. Smaller than C. harrist, tail shorter, below white. CITELLUS. 143 Color. Above grizzled gray, vinaceous on head and rump; out- side of legs salmon; white stripe on side of back; under parts white; tail above iron gray, with indistinct white border, beneath white, bordered with black. Measurements. Total length, 209; tail vertebre, 69; hind foot, 38. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 40.5; Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 23.5; interorbital width, 9.5; palatal length, 18; length of upper molar series, 6. a.—peninsule (Tamas), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, Pp. 197. LowER CALIFORNIA SPERMOPHILE, Type locality. San Telmo, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, range unknown. Genl. Char. Color darker than C. harris1; tail very short. Color. Upper part of back gray; top of head and lower back dusky or reddish brown; outside of arms and thighs reddish cinna- mon; lateral stripe and under parts white; tail above iron gray, beneath white with subapical black band. Measurements. Total length, 213; tail vertebre, 50; hind foot, 35. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 41.5; Hensel, 34; zygomatic width, 24; interorbital width, 10; length of nasals, 10; palatal length, 19.5; length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, 19; length of lower molar series, 6. 105. interpres (Tamzas), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890, p. 21. interpres (Spermophilus) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 86. TRADER SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north to Utah. Genl. Char. Similar to C. leucurus; tail long; lateral hairs with two black bands. Color. Wunter Pelage. Above grizzled gray tinged with vina- ceous; shoulder, hips, outer surface of legs ochraceous buff; white stripe on eyelids and on each side of back; under parts white; tail above grizzled gray tinged with fulvous, edge whitish, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 226; tail vertebre, 80; hind foot, 37. B, Xerospermophilus. Size small. Skull short, broad; interorbital constriction con- siderable; nasals not reaching posterior ends of premaxille. First molar one-third the size of second. Tail one-third the length of body and head. CITELLUS. Fia, 25. CITELLUS (XEROSPERMOPHILUS) S. MICROSPILOTUS, No, 708 Field Columbian Mus, Coll, Nat, size, Uprrer Toorkn ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW, enlarged 4 times Enlarged 4 times, 106. tereticaudus (Spermoplulus), Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 315. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 98. ROUND-TAILED SPERMOPHILE, lype locality, Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California. Geogr, Distr. Central California to Lower California, Arizona, and State of Sonora, Mexico, Genl, Char. Tail as long as four-fifths head and body; no spots on body; feet broad, soles hairy. Color, Above grizzled gray and yellowish brown; beneath brown- ish white; tail lke back, brown at end, tip vellowish. Measurements. Total length, 248; tail vertebra, 112; hind foot, 35. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37; Hensel, 29; zygomatic width, 23; Interorbital width, 9; palatal length, 17; length of upper molar Series, dt. SONROTLCNSTS (Spermophalus), Ward, Amer. Nat., Puan. Vx ISO!l, p. ISS. SONORAN SPERMOPHILE, l'ype locality. Hermosillo, State of Sonora, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, range unknown, Genl. Char. Similar to C. eryptosptlotus: .) UC Olor, body without spots. Upper parts fawn color, hairs ringed with black, straw vellow, and walnut brown, and tipped with cream buff; sides paler CITELLUS. 145 fawn; under parts and inner sides of legs and hind feet white, the last washed with rufous; tail above at base like back, remainder fawn color bordered with black and fringed with whitish rufous, beneath pale rufous. Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebra, 65; hind foot, 33. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37.5; Hensel, 30; zygomatic width, 24; interorbital width, 9; length of nasals, 6; palatal length, 18; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 7. 107. perotensis (Spermophilus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., v111, 1603, p. 131. PEROTE SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; extreme eastern border of tableland. Altitude 8,000—10,000 feet. Genl. Char. SimilartoC. elegans. Skull large, heavy; molars with broad crowns. Color. Above grizzled yellowish brown irregularly lined with black posteriorly; under parts, hands, and feet buffy; tail above mixed black and yellowish brown, beneath ochraceous buff with a subapical black band. Measurements. ‘Totallength, 253; tail vertebra, 68; hind foot, 38. 108. spilosoma (Spermoplilus), Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 40. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 96. mexicanus, Aud. & Bachm., Quad. N. Am., 111, 1853, p. 42, pl. Bix, SPOTTED SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. ‘“‘That part of California that adjoins Mexico.”’ Western Texas? Geogr. Distr. Janos, State of Sonora, Mexico, north into Texas and New Mexico. Altitude, 5,600 feet. Genl. Char. Size small; ears very short; tail about half the length of body. Color. Above reddish brown spotted with white (bordered with black posteriorly in the young); under parts yellowish white; tail above like back, with subterminal black bar, tip yellowish brown, beneath brownish yellow, bordered with black and fringed with yellowish. Measurements. Total length, 255; tail vertebre, 75; hind foot, 32. 0 TS. (Spermopmilus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890, p. 38. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 96. 146 CITELLUS, SMALL-SPOTTED SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. Oracle, Pinal County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Arizona. Genl, Char. Size medium; dorsal spots large, separate, distinct. Color. Above russet brown; dorsal spots white bordered poste- riorly with dusky; under parts whitish; tail above, basal half like back, remainder mixed buff and black, bordered with buff, beneath pale ochraceous buff, with indistinct submarginal black band. Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebre, 74; hind foot, 30. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 36; Hensel, 27; zygomatic width, 21.5; interorbital width, 7; palatal length, 16; length of upper molar series; 7. 109. mexicanus (Sciurus), Erxl., Syst. Régn. Anim., 1, 1777, p. 428. mexicanus (Citillus), Licht., Darst. Neu. Saugeth., 1830, pl. 31, Fig. 2. (ex Toluca.) mexicanus (Spermophilus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 98. MEXICAN SPERMOPHILE. Urion, Huron, in Mexico. Type locality. Toluca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. South central Mexico. Genl. Char. Tail about half as long as body; ears short; size medium, Color. Above dark yellowish to reddish brown, with nine or eleven lines of white spots; beneath yellowish white; head above mixed white, black and yellowish; orbital ring and lower side of cheek white; tail above black and yellowish white, bordered with black and edged with yellowish white, beneath brownish white, bor- dered with black, and fringed with brownish white. Measurements. Total length, 305; tail vertebra, 100; hind foot, 42. *a,.—parvidens (Spermophilus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XvitI, 1896, p. 443. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 99. SMALL-TOOTHED SPERMOPHILE, Type locality. Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. Texas into Mexico? Genl. Char. Similar to C. mexicanus, but smaller; colors paler; teeth weak. Color. Pattern like C. mexicanus, colors paler, under parts white; hairs of tail with two black rings instead of three, and tips grayish instead of yellowish; back yellowish broccoli brown. Measurements. Total-length, 325; tail vertebra, 130; hind foot, 44. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 41; Hensel, 19; zygomatic width, *This form doubtless passes the Mexican boundary, but up to the present time it has not been recorded from that country. CITELLUS. 147 24; interorbital width, 9; palatal length, 19; length of upper molar series, 7. 0. * Callospermophilus, Skull broad; interorbital space broad; rostrum broad, nasals longer than premaxilla; first premolar smaller than second. Tail less than half the length of head and body. Hy . re Fig. 26. CITELLUS (CALLOSPERMOPHILUS) MADRENSIS. U.S. Nat. Mus, Coll. Nat. size, UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW Enlarged s times, Enlarged § times, 110. madrensis (Callospermophilus), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Seien., III, 1901, p. 563. SIERRA MADRE SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. Sierra Madre, near Guadalupe y Calvo, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl, Char. ‘Similar to C. lateralis, but tail about half as long; rostrum less swollen.’”’ Color. Fall Pelage. Above grizzled grayish; rump dull grayish fulvous; light lateral stripe grizzled buffy gray, black stripes faint, nearly obsolete; under parts whitish; tail above grizzled grayish fulvous and blaek, beneath yellowish, the plumbeous base of hairs showing through; hands and feet whitish. *Some writers accord this subgenus, generic rank. It does not seem to possess sufficient claims for this distinction. 148 CITELLUS. Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebra, 58; hind foot, 39. Skull: total length, 41; Hensel, 33; zygomatic width, 25; inter- orbital width, 15; palatal length, 18; width of braincase above zygomata, 20; length of upper tooth row, 8; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 19; length of lower tooth row, 7.5. D. Otospermophilus, Brandt. “Skull Broad: molars small; edge of outer wall of antorbital foramina not thickened; coronoid processes of lower jaw long and slender; ears very large; tail long, full, bushy.’ Fic. 27. CITELLUS (OTOSPERMOPHILUS) VARIEGATUS. No, (1250) 4944 Field Columbian Mus, Coll Nat. size 11. variegatus (Sciwrus), Erxl., Syst. Regn. Anim., 1, 1777, Pp. 42! Nelson, Science, 1898, p. 898 CITELLUS., 149 macrourus (Spermophilus), Bennett, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1833, p. 41. buccatus Licht., Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1827, p. 115. LONG-TAILED SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. ‘California adjoining Mexico.’’ State of Jalisco? Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. (J. A. Allen.) Genl. Char. Size large, color dark. FiG. XXXI. CITELLUS (OTOSPERMOPHILUS) VARIEGATUS. LONG-TAILED SPERMOPHILE. Color. Above mixed black and brownish gray; crown black; lips and chin ferrugineous; under parts ferrugineous varied with black; tail black washed with white, with an irregular black border edged with whitish, and subapical black band. Measurements. Total length, 470-485; tail vertebrae, 178; to end of hairs, 216; hind foot, 56-63. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 65; Hensel, 53; zygomatic width, 39.5; interorbital width, 16.5; palatal length, 31; length of upper molar series, 13.5. a.—srammurus (Sciurus), Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., u, 1823, p. 72. coucht Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1855, p. 311, pl. 81. grammurus (Spermophilus) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 88. BUSHY-TAILED SPERMOPHILE. Type locality. Purgatory Creek, Colorado, lat. 37° 32’; long. lon go’, Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Parks of Central Colorado. Genl. Char. ‘Tail long, full, bushy; ears large; body large, stout; soles of feet smooth. Color. Crown speckled black and white, or brown, black and white; above gray, mottled with brownish white and black, washed posteriorly with brown; sides of neck and flanks purer gray; inside of limbs brownish*white or buff; under parts pale yellowish white; 1b0 CITELLUS, hands and feet gray or buff; tail grayish white and black above, beneath with sometimes central area buff but usually like upper part. Measurements, ‘Total length, 530; tail vertebra, 200; hind foot, 60, Skull: occipito-nasal length, 57; Hensel 45; zygomatic width, 30; interorbital width, ro; length of upper molar series, 6, b.—fisheri (Spermophilus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vin, 1893, p. 133. Elliot, Syn. N. Am, Mamm., rgor1, p. 88. FisHeR's SPERMOPHILE, Type locality, Wern Valley, twenty-five miles above Kernville, Tulare County, California, Geogr, Distr, Lower California, Mexico, central and southern California to western border of Nevada, Genl, Char, Like C. v. beecheyi, but paler; white shoulder stripes longer, Color, Similar to C. v, beecheyi, but sides of neck and shoulder stripes silvery white; body spotted on sides with whitish bordered with dusky; lower part of face whitish; under parts and feet buffy. Measurements, Total length, 415; tail vertebrae, 175; hind foot, 58. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 53; Hensel, 43; zygomatic width, 32.5; interorbital width, 8.5; palatal length, 25; length of upper molar series, 11, c. atricapillus (Spermoplhilus), Bryant, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., ad Ser., 11, 1889, p. 26. BLACK-HEADED SPERMOPHILE, Type locality, Comondu, Lower California, Mexico, Geogr, Distr, Lower California, Northern Mexico (?) Genl, Char, Crown black, scapular region blackish, Color. Similar to C. v. grammurus, but crown black (varying in extent); orbital ring white; neck, scapulars, and interscapulars black, mixed with white and buff; rest of upper parts mixed buff and black; sides grayish or buffy white; under parts whitish; hands and feet buff; tail black above, the hairs tipped with buff at base and whitish on remaining portions, and edged with white, beneath black washed with white, Measurements, Total length, 535; tail, 235; hind foot, 50; (skin. ) d.—rupestris (Citellus), Allen, Bull. Am, Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 595. Rock SPERMOPHILE, Type locality, Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico, Genl, Char, Similar to C. v. grammurus, but larger, and crown and nape black, .° CITELLUS, hl Color, Front, top, and sides of head black; nose and eyes grayish brown; white patch above and below eye; upper parts mixed blackish brown and whitish, darkest on anterior half of dorsal region and suffused with yellowish brown, sides paler and prayer; throat, upper breast, and axial region ochraceous buff; rest of under parts yellowish buff; fore feet yellowish gray; hind feet more strongly yellow; ear black; tail above grizzled black and white, the hairs ringed with black and whitish and tipped with white, beneath pale yellowish white, margined on each side with three black bands, the outer one the broadest, Measurements, otal length, 520; head and body, 279; tail ver- tebrw, 241; hind foot, 64; ear, 25, Skull: total length, 66; zygo- matic width, 40; length of nasals, 23; length of upper tooth row, 13, 12. annulatus (Spermophilus), Aud, & Bachm,, Jour, Acad, Nat, Scien, Phil., vist, 1842, p. 319. RING*TAILED SPHRMOPHILE, Type locality, None given; probably western Mexico, Geogr, Distr, Plains of State of Colima, and Territorio de Tepie, western Mexico; extent of range unknown, Genl, Char, Body squirrel-like; tail long, rather bushy, ringed; ears broad and rather high, rounded; claws short, curved; pelage coarse, stiff, Color, ‘Top of head black, speckled with deep buff; entire upper parts and sides mixed black and pale yellow; sides of head, neck, outer surface of arms and hands, legs, and feet reddish brown, nearly chestnut; inner side of thighs, and under parts straw yellow; basal portion of hairs on abdomen black; tail at base like back, rest of upper part alternately banded with black and pale yellow, beneath reddish cinnamon, with a narrow interrupted black border edged with yellow, Measurements, otal length, 405; tail vertebra, 200; hind foot, 57, a,—goldmani (Spermoplilus), Merr,, Proc, Biol, Soe, Wash., xv 1902, p. Og, GOLDMAN'S SPERMOPHILE, Type locality, Santiago, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico, Genl, Char, “Similar to (C,) annulalus, but hind foot smaller (averaging 52.5 instead of 56,5); whitish eyelids clearer and more distinct; ferrugineous of face, neck, thighs, and tail less extensive and usually less intense,’’ Measurements, “Type, Total length, 430; tail vertebra, 216; hind foot, 52,” (Merr,, LG.) 152 CITELLUS, 113. adocetus (Citellus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1903, p. 79. PLAIN-TAILED SPERMOPHILE, Type locality. La Salada, 40 miles south of Uruapan, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Near C. annulatus, but smaller; tail without rings; pelage harsh; ears short, tail long. Skull has broader jugal, and broad frontal; long postorbital processes decurved. Color. Upper parts grizzled grayish and black, top of head darker; superciliary stripe buffy, sometimes washed with pale ful- vous; buffy band under eye; under parts yellowish buff; occasionally fulvous on throat and chin; fore legs, hands, and feet dull pale fulvous; sides of neck washed with fulvous; tail grizzled black and buffy, terminal half bordered with black and edged with buffy fulvous, median line of distal half beneath pale fulvous. At certain seasons the upper parts of body are dull ochraceous brown. Measurements. Total length, 350; tail vertebra, 156; hind foot, 48. Skull: basal length, 41; palatal length, 24; postpalatal length, 17; zygomatic breadth, 26; interorbital breadth, 13; length of tooth row on alveolus, 8.25; on crowns, 7.5. The ‘‘Prairie-dogs,’’ as their name implies, are dwellers of the plains, where they congregate in such large numbers that their countless burrows are known as ‘‘towns.’’ The presence of any one approaching one of these is immediately announed by the barking of the ‘‘dogs,”’ which, sitting bolt‘upright at the mouths of their burrows, by shrill staccato cries express their disapproval of the intrusion. Not very brave are the ‘‘dogs,’’ for when a near approach is threat- ened, each one disappears into the nearest hole, and does not come out again until satisfied that all danger is past. In form this Marmot is rather chunky, with short tail and coarse short hair, the tips of which have been worn away by constant rubbing against the soil in their mining operations. The dentition is powerful and the fore paws are formed for digging. The galleries in their ‘‘towns’”’ ramify in all directions and cover a vast extent of ground, and it would be a useless effort to try and dig out one of these animals, They are very animated, incessantly in motion, and when barking the tail is jerked upward with a spasmodic action as if the creature were moved by springs. Owls and rattlesnakes are fellow-boarders with the ‘‘dogs’’ in these towns, by no means dwelling in amity, as supposed by some, for the snakes and owls destroy the various young, those of the ‘‘dogs’’ being the chief sufferers, and doubtless they would be CYNOMYS., 153 only too happy to be rid of their unwelcome neighbors had they the power to cause their removal. These animals seem to be independent of water, possibly the dew that often falls heavily in the districts in which they live satisfying their moderate needs. Prairie-dogs are not easily caught, and when captured, are difficult to tame, the wild, free life of the plains, causing by comparison, that of a captive to be unsupportable. They live on seeds and grasses, and their cheek pouches are small. oT. Cynomys. tT a2). Say I ed Taser | MS = 22. Cynomys Rafin., Amer. Month. Mag., 11,1817, p.45. Type Arctomys ludovictanus Ord, Amsonyx Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 11, 1817, p. 45. (nec Latreille, 1807, Coleopt.) Lipura Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm., et. Av., 1811, p. 95. Monax Warden, Statist. Polit. Hist. Acc. U. S., 1, 1819, pp. 225-228. Cheek pouches shallow; ears rudimentary; tail very short, flat; feet with claws on all five toes; pollex large, nail well developed; pelage short, bristly; dentition very heavy: molars large with three transverse grooves on their crowns; first and second premolars nearly equal in size; outline of molar series curved, divergent anteriorly, approximating posteriorly; postorbital processes strong, well devel- oped, decurved; antorbital foramina large, subtriangular, the tubercle at end large and visible when viewed frcm above, and projecting beyond the superior outline of skull; palate greatly contracted pos- teriorly; occipital and saggital crests present. KEY TO-THE SPECIES; A. Size large. Check pouches present, shallow; palate greatly contracted posteriorly; post- orbital processes long, pointed. a. Tail short, flat; pelage bristly. a.’ Under parts white; tail with subterminal PAGE ota DLOCCOMOLOWD . . races: vss nven ss C.arizonensis 154 b.’ Under parts yellowish white; tail with See MUN DUAIGIE Wl edi dee io ns dw, vowor sn © 3 C. ludovicianus 155 c.’ Under parts pale fulvous; tail with apical Delt mormed black and white..........¢... C. gunnisoni 156 d.’ Under pagts buffy; tail with apical half ONERGIS os S 2 ORS ann ae ea ns se ee C.mexicanus 156 CYNOMYS., Fia, 28. CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS ‘ian Mus, Coll Nat, sie No, was Field Colum! 114. arizonensis (Cynromys), Mearns, Bull. Am, Mus. Nat ) Elliot, Svn. N. Am, Mamm,, roor, p. 104 1H90, p. BOS \RIZONA PRAIRIE-DOG yp realy Point of Mountain, neat outhern \rigzona F State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into Arizona { \ Hist Wilcox, Cochise County, CYNOMYS, 165 Genl. Char. Size large; tail nearly twice as long as that of C. gunnisont, Color. Summer Pelage. Above vinaceous cinnamon; below whit- ish; tail with a narrow subterminal bar of broccoli brown. Winter Pelage. Above pale sandy buff; below white tinged with buff. Measurements. Total length, 376; tail vertebrae, 84; hind foot, 61. Skull: basilar length, 54.3; total length, 66; interorbital width, 14; length of nasals, 25; zygomatic width, 43.5; length of upper molar series, 16.3. Fia. XXXII. CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS. PRAIRIE-DOG. 115. ludovicgianus (Arclomys), Ord, Guth., Geog., 1, 1815, 2d Am, ed., p. 292. socialis Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 11, 1817, p. 45. grisea Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 11, 1817, p. 45. missouriensis Warden, Descrip. Etats Unis, v, 1820, p. 627, latrans Harlan, Faun. Am., 1825, p. 306. ludovicianus (Cynomys) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 102, Pratrig-poG, Perrito, Perrito del Campo, in Mexico, Type locality. Plains of the Upper Missouri. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north into western Texas and Kansas to 49th parallel. Genl. Char. Body stout; tail short; ears very small; claws long. 156 CYNOMYS. Color. Summer Pelage. Above reddish brown, varied with gray and black hairs; beneath yellowish white; tail like the back with the apical third black. Winter Pelage. Above pale vinaceous buff, grizzled and mixed with black; below pale buff. Measurements. Total length, 393; tail vertebre, 88; hind foot, 57. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 65; Hensel, 55; zygomatic width, 47; interorbital constriction, 15; palatal length, 33; length of nasals, 23; length of upper molar series, 17. 116. gunnisoni (Cynomys), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, p. 334. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, p. ro3; GUNNISON’S PRAIRIE-DOG. Type locality. Cochetopa Pass, Rocky Mountains, Saguache County, Colorado. Geogr. Distr. San Diego, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into New Mexico and Arizona to Colorado. ~~ Genl. Char. Smaller than C. Indovicianus; tail one-sixth length of body. Color. Summer Pelage. Above tawny fulvous, mixed with black; under parts pale fulvous; tail like back on basal half, rest mixed black and white bordered and tipped with white. Winter Pelage. Above pale buff, mixed with black; under parts pale yellow to fulvous. Measurements. Average total length, 360; tail vertebre, 69; hind foot, 60. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 57.5; Hensel, 28; zygoma- tic width, 41; interorbital constriction, 11.5; palatal length, 28.5; length of nasals, 20; length of upper molar series, 14. 117. mexicanus (Cynomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vu, 1892, Pp. 157. MEXICAN PRAIRIE-DOG. Type locality. La Ventura, State of Coahuila, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Eastern and northern Mexico. Genl. Char. Sizelarge. Similar to C. ludovicianus, tail longer and blacker; nasals as long as distance from anterior edge of foramen magnum to posterior edge of palate. Color. Above grizzled buffy fulvous mixed with long black hairs; under parts, hands, and feet buffy; tail, basal half above like back, bordered with black, remainder black, beneath basal half buffy, remainder black and buff grizzled. Measurements. Total length, 419; tail vertebre, 107; hind foot, 63. SCIUROPTERUS. 157 The Flying Squirrels are so called, not because they are capable of any true flight, but on account of a fold of skin attached to the front and hind limbs and body, which when stretched by the exten- sion of the arms and legs enables the animal to sail in a descending line for a considerable distance as if carried by a parachute. They are beautiful creatures with velvety fur and large, expressive eyes, nocturnal in their habits, and live in nests or holes in trees. Their aérial flights occur usually about dusk, and at this time in the locali- ties they frequent, several may be seen gliding from lofty branches to the base of a distant tree, up the trunk of which they hasten until the top is nearly reached, when the voyager is ready for another trip through space. Subfam. II. Pteromyine. 38. Sciuropterus. | ee I Sciuropterus F. Cuv., Dent’s du Mamm., 1825, p. 255. /d. Ann. du Mus., x, 1825, p. 126, pl. x. Type Sciurus volans Linneus. Limbs connected by a furred membrane extending outwardly from the sides, and supported by a process from the olecranon. Tail depressed, flattened, thick; ears large; pelage of velvet softness. Fic. 29. SciUROPTERUS VOLANS. No. 928 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 4 times. Enlarged 4 times. 158 SCIUROPTERUS. 118. volans (Mus.) Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 63; 1, 1776, p. 85. (nec Scturus, p. 88.) _ volucella Pall., Nov. Spec. Glires, 1788, p. 351. volans (Scutropterus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 109. FLYING SQUIRREL. Type locality. Virginia. Geogr. Distr. From northern border of Mexico into Guatemala, Central America. In United States to northern New York and southern New Hampshire; not in Florida. Genl. Char. Size medium; winter and summer pelage alike in color; hairs of under parts white to base. Fic. XXXII]. SclUROPTERUS VOLANS. FLYING SQUIRREL. Color. ‘Upper parts drab shaded with russet, tail slightly darker; hands above grayish white, feet drab; black orbital ring; under parts pure white, washed in some specimens with buff. Measurements. Total length, 234.5; tail vertebrae, 99.6; hind foot, 31.4. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 34; Hensel, 27; zygomatic width, 20; interorbital width, 7; palatal length, 9; length of upper molar series, 6. Largest of North American rodents, attaining a weight of fifty pounds or more, the Beaver, which at one time extended its range over nearly all forest-covered land in the northern Hemisphere, has CASTOR. 159 now become extinct in the majority of localities. Its skin and scent bags were too valuable commercially to preserve it from man’s rapacity. It is probably one of the best-known rodents in the land, and most persons have some knowledge of the beaver’s house and dam, or have seen the trunks of trees that have been cut down by the wonderful adze-like incisors. Clothed in a dense furry coat im- pervious to water, and provided with paddle-like hind feet and a broad rudder-like tail, the beaver is at home in the lake or river, where most of its life is passed. It shuns the vicinity of man, and exists only in the virgin wilderness. Fam. Il. Castoridze. Beavers. Skull massive, no postorbital processes, superior outline nearly straight; molars single-rooted, with re-entering of enamel folds, and decreasing in size posteriorly; the molar series is not parallel but con- verges anteriorly, and the palate is arched, contracted anteriorly. Incisors large, powerful, the lower much longer than the upper, with chisel-like edges, and a deep orange red color exteriorly.. Lower jaw massive; angle of mandible rounded. 39. Castor. Beaver. Castor Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 58; 1, 1766, p. 78. Type Castor fiber Linneus. Feet four-toed, hind feet large, webbed; upper molars subequal, with one inner and two outer enamel folds; tail broad, flat, scaly; molars with dentinal pulp persisting until quite late in life. canadensis frondator (Castor), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, p.502. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 116. SONORAN BEAVER. Type locality. San Pedro River, State of Sonora, Mexico, near monument No. 98, Mexican boundary. Geogr. Distr. From State of Sonora, Mexico, to Wyoming and Montana. Genl. Char. Size large; scaly portion of tail less than twice as long as wide. Color. Upper parts russet, chocolate at root of tail; under parts grayish cinnamon to ferrugineous beneath tail; sides wood brown varied with tawnyolive; feet burnt sienna. 1G0O CASTOR VWeasurements Total length, 1070; tail vertebra, 360; scaly por tion of tail 290X125; hind foot, 185 Skull: occipito-nasal length, t34; Hensel, 122; zygomatic width, 97; interorbital constriction, 22, Fia, 80. CASTOR CGC. FRONDATOR No, 3s883 U.S. Nat. Mus, Coll yp palatal length, 78; length of nasals, 46; length of upper molar series, leneth of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisors, 96; height at 5 condyle, 22; at coronoid process, §2 CASTOR. MURID/E, 161 Fig. XXXIV. CASTOR C. FRONDATOR. SONORAN BEAVER. The Murip# is the largest family of the rodents and is cosmo- politan, some members, such as the Brown Rat being met with throughout the world, carried from place to place in ships. It includes a vast number of genera, embracing both terrestrial and aquatic animals of varied structure and habits, while the size of the numerous species ranges from that of the pigmy Harvest Mouse (genus /t/ithro- dontomys) to that of the Musk-rat. Every land possesses its own peculiar species, and North America has a large number indigenous to it. They are of a great variety and are dwellers of the woods, cultivated fields, prairie lands, swamps, lakes, and rivers, each seeking, after its kind, localities best suited to its mode of life. The subfamily Murine is typified by the Rat and Mouse of our houses, and thése have their representatives in other subfamilies of many varied forms and structures. Some are possessed of cheek pouches. The tubercular teeth have their crowns worn by constant use to a flat surface and they then exhibit various tracery patterns, 162 MURID/E, MURIN/®, MUS. and the consequent angles and loops shown, more readily indicate the relationship of their owner to other forms. Members of the Muride have a certain family resemblance to each other, in the more or less lengthened tail, generally naked and scaly, bright eyes, and a modest coloration suitable for concealing them from their foes. Fam. Il. Muridee. Rats, Mice, Voles, ete. Premolars none; molars with or without roots, tuberculate, or with enamel folds; lower incisors compressed; frontals greatly con- tracted anteriorly. Subfam. I. Murinee. Molars rooted, tuberculate; root of under incisor creating a swell- ing on outer side of mandible between processes of the condyle and coronoid; descending process of mandible below the plane of the molars. Palate nearly flat. The genus Mus, has more members than any other of the Mammalia and its representatives are found throughout the world, except in Madagascar, and possibly other islands whose faune are unknown. The habits of the various species are similar, although some are arboreal and others even aquatic. 40. Mus. Mice, Rats. Mus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1 rattus Linneus. ~ vt co 4 UC mal me 2) = 4 = ~ oO oO p. 79. Type Mus Jars large, prominent; tail long, scaly; nose acute; molars with transverse series of tubercles, three in a series, longitudinal. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES, A. Size small; tail moderately long. PAGE a. Pelage above grayish brown and _ black, beneath ashy plumbeous ....... ccs eeeeeeed VWU.musculus 162 b. Pelage above black, beneath buffy gray..... M. m. jalape 163 B. Size large, tail very long, naked, scaly. a. Pelage black on upper parts. ...........0scees M. rattus 163 b. Pelage brownish on upper parts. a.’ Under parts ashy ‘white. 00. i... .ca5 5 5 VW. norvegicus 164 b.’ Under parts yellowish white..........4 VU. alexandrinus 164 119. musculus (Mus), Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 62; mu, 1766, p. 83. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,, rgor, p. 118. MUS. 163 Fic. 31. Mus Rattus. No, 4670 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW Enlarged 4 times Enlarged 4 times. House Mouse. Type locality. Sweden. Geogr. Distr. Cosmopolitan. Genl. Char. Tail longer than body; soles naked; size small. Color. Above grayish brown, lined with blackish; beneath ashy plumbeous, tinged with reddish; tail dusky; feet ashy brown. Measurements. Total length, 170; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot, Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20: Hensel, 1c: zygo- oS ‘ /@O matic width, ro; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals, 6 palatal length, 8; length of upper tooth row, 3. 18; ear, nee a.—jalape (Mus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. T3097, p, 198. JALAPA House Mouse. Type locality. Geogr, Distr. Genl, Char. Color. Fist, Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, range unknown. General hue dark, dorsal band broad. Above black; sides mouse color; under parts buffy gray ; tail black; feet and ears brown. Measurements. Total length, 164; tail vertebra, 82 18; ear, 14. 2; hind foot, 120. rattus (Mus), Linn., eyst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 61.1 Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., LOOT, Dp, 127 /> 7 BOO, Sas 164 MUS. Fig. XXXV. Mus RATTUS. BLACK RAT. BuLack Rat. Type locality. Sweden. Geogr. Distr. Cosmopolitan. Genl,. Char. Tail little longer than head and body. Color. Above sooty black; beneath plumbeous; feet brown. Measurements. Total length, 368; tail vertebre, rt90. Skull: occipito-nasal length, té Hensel, 30; zygomatic width, 17.5; inter- orbital constriction, 5.5; length of nasals, 12; palatal length, 16.5; length of upper tooth row, 6. 121. norvegicus (Mus), Erxl., Syst. Rég. Anim., 1777, p. 381. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., Suppl., rgor, p. 428. decumanus Pall., Glir., 1778, p. gt. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., OGL, py Lares Norway Rat. Type locality. Norway. Geogr. Distr. Cosmopolitan. Introduced into North America. Genl. Char. Tail little shorter than head and body, sparsely haired; annuli about 200. Color. Above rusty grayish brown; sides grayer; beneath ashy white; tail above dusky, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 310; tail vertebre, 146; hind foot, 38. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 44; Hensel, 21; zygomatic width, 22; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 14; palatal length, 20.5; length of upper tooth row, 6. — i] 2. alexandrinus (Mus), I. Geoff., Descr. Egypt, 11, 1818, p. 73 Atlas, pl. v, fig. x. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 11 tectorum Savi, Nov. Giorn., 182: CO WwW a —- MUS. ONYCHOMYS. 165 Brown Rat. Type locality. Alexandria, Egypt. Geogr. Distr. Cosmopolitan. Genl. Char. Smaller than M. norvegicus; tail considerably longer than head and body; annuli about 240. Color. Above yellowish brown tinged with reddish; flanks grayish; under parts and upper surface of feet yellowish white; tail dusky. Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebra, 198; hind foot, 35. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 43; Hensel, 34; zygomatic width, 1g; interorbital constriction, 6.5; length of nasals, 15; palatal length, 20; length of upper tooth row, 6.5. The next genus contains the Mole Mice, little creatures with a soft, velvety pelage and rather short tails. They have usually a pale coloration, with white or whitish belly, hands, and feet. 41. Onychomys. Mole Mice. Onychomys Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 458. Type Hypudeus leucogaster, Max. Hypudeus. Max., Reise, N. Am. 1841, p. 99. (nec Auct.) “Form arvicoline; tail less than half the body in length; claws very large, fossorial, the anterior longest; soles with only four tuber- cles, the two posterior of the other groups wanting; posterior two- thirds of soles densely furred. Skull without orbital crest; the upper margin of orbit sharp.”’ KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Tail slightly over one-fourth the uote length PAGE of head and body. a. Upper parts tawny cinnamon and black...O.melanophrys 166 b. Upper parts pale cinnamon and Geretilace O.m. pallescens 166 GeeUpper parts grayish vinaceous buff........... O. ramona 167 B. Tail one-third or over the total length of head and body. ay Upper parts yellowish brown................ O. torridus 167 Peper PatieGrTab STAV. 0... ee ee eles O. t. arenicola 168 ee Per Paths GINETEOUS . 4... ee O. t. perpallidus 168 Geupper parts My VINAceOUs. . 6... 66. ee. O. macrotis 169 166 ONYCHOMYS, Fig. 82. ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS. No. 7or Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Twice nat, size. UpPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged ro times. Enlarged 10 times. 123. melanophrys (Onychomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 2, 1889, p. 2, and No. 3, 1890, p. 61. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, Pp. 120. BLACK-BROWED MoLE MOusE. Type locality. Kanab, Kane County, Utah. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Utah. Genl. Char. Size of O. leucogaster; ear a little smaller; hind foot densely furred to base of toes. Color. Above rich tawny cinnamon, well mixed with black- tipped hairs on the back, and brightest on the sides; a distinct black ring around the eye, broadest above. ‘‘This ring is considerably broader and more conspicuous than the very narrow ring of leuco- gaster.”’ Measurements. Total length,,154; tail, 41; hind foot, 21; ear from crown, 10. Skull: Hensel, 22.3;_ zygomatic breadth, 15.4; interorbital constriction, 5.2; length of nasals, 10.7; length of upper molar series, 4.8; length of mandible, 15.7. (Merr., 1. c.) a.—pallescens (Onychomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 3, 1890, p. 61. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. rar. Bos ONYCHOMYS. 167 PaLE More Mouse. Type locality. Moki Pueblos, Apache County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into Arizona. Genl. Char. Size large, exceeded only by O. longipes of Concho County, Texas; ears, feet, and tail much as in O. melanophrys; fur full, long, and soft; orbital ring absent or inconspicuous; lanuginous tuft at base of ear well developed. Color. Above pale tawny cinnamon, palest anteriorly, and brightest on the flanks and rump, not noticeably mixed with black- tipped hairs; below pure white to the roots of hairs. Measurements. Total length, 168; head and body, 125; tail, 45; hind foot, 22; ear from crown, 12; from anterior root, 16.5. (Merr., l.c.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20; Hensel, 23; zygomatic width, 15; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 11; palatal length, 11; length of upper molar series, 4. 124. ramona (Onychomys), Rhoads, Am. Nat., xxvil, 1893, p. 833. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 121. Ramona Mote Mouse. Type locality. San Bernardino Valley, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and southern California. Genl. Char. Larger than O. torridus, with larger ears. Color. Similar to O. longicaudus; above grayish vinaceous buff, dorsal part darker; beneath white; tail bicolor, dark above, lighter below. Measurements. Total length, 147; tail vertebre, 48; hind foot, 18; ear, 12. Skull: Hensel, 19; zygomatic breadth, 32.6; parietal breadth, 11.5; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 10; from foramen magnum to incisive foramina, 13.4; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 3.8; length of mandible, 15; height of coronoid process, 6.8. Fic. XXXVI. ONYCHOMYS TORRIDUS. TROPICAL MOLE MOUSE. 125. torridus (Onychomys), Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1874, p. 183. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 122. 168 ONYCHOMYS. TropicAL MoLe Mouse. Type locality, Camp Grant, Graham County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. States of Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico, north to Upper Missouri. Genl. Char, Similar to O. leucogaster; tail longer; ears larger; colors more yellowish. Color. General color more yellowish than O. leucogaster; no dorsal stripe; feet and under parts tawny white; tail above dusky, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 70 tail vertebra, 51; hind foot, 20; ear, 19. Skull: Hensel, 18.5; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction, 4.2; length of nasals, 9.6; length of upper molar series, 3:5: a.—arenicola (Onychomys), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x1x, 1896, p. 139. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 122. SAND-LOVING MoLe Mouse. Type locality. Rio Grande near El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into Texas. Genl. Char. Similar to O. torridus, but slightly smaller, with relatively smaller ears and a very much paler coloration. Color. Above drab gray, inclining to fawn color on sides; dorsal area with very little admixture of black-edged or black-tipped hairs; a conspicuous tuft of white hairs at anterior base of ears; dark spot on anterior band of ear, drab (not black); whiskers more white than black; under parts, feet, and end of tail white; basal two- thirds of upper side of tail drab, some of the hairs with hoary tips. Measurements. Total length, 137; tail vertebrae, 53 (to end of pencil, 57); hind foot, 21. Skull: 25.513.5. (Mearns, 1. c.) b.—perpallidus (Onychomys), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xrx, 1896, p. 140. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 122. Dras Gray Move Mouse. Type locality. Colorado River at Monument No. 204, Mexican boundary line, Yuma County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, to Gila City across Yuma and Colorado Deserts to Coast Range of Mountains, Genl. Char. Larger than QO. torridus, with relatively larger ears, longer tail, and a much paler coloration. Color. Above drab gray, becoming more cinereous anteriorly; sides and rump barely tinged with fawn color; dusky line on basal three-fourths of tail nearly obsolete, much obscured by whitish hairs; ears less densely clothed than in the other forms of O. torridus, and ONYCHOMYS., PEROMYSCUS, 169 without a well-defined dusky spot; whiskers mostly white or colorless ; under parts, feet, and end of tail white. Measurements. Total length, 157; tail vertebra, 57; ear from crown, 16; hind foot, 22. Skull, 2613.7. (Mearns, l. c.) 126. macrotis (Onychomys), Elhot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 155. Zodlogy. LARGE-EARED MoLe Mouse. Type locality. Head of San Antonio River, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. San Quentin to San Antonio River, Trinidad Val- ley and plain of El Alamo, to about 5,000 feet elevation in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium, color pale; ears and hind feet long; tail rather long, without white tip; no black spot on ear. Color. Above ashy vinaceous finely lined on dorsal surface and top of head with blackish brown, causing these parts to be darker than the rest of upper surface; sides of body ashy vinaceous; orbital ring black; lips, cheeks, under parts, hands, and feet pure white; tail dusky above, white beneath; ears pale grayish brown, outer edge blackish; tuft of white hairs at base of ears. Measurements. Total length, 155; tail vertebra, 55; hind foot, 21; ear, 20.5; Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygo- matic breadth, 13.5; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals, 7.8; palatal arch to alveoli of incisors, 10; greatest width of brain- case, II. The next genus, Peromyscus, contains numerous species, and is well represented in North America, and for its most characteristic member may be selected the White-footed or Deer Mouse, with its various races. This little animal with white feet, large ears, subdued coloring, bright eyes like shining black beads, and velvet fur is most attractive. It has small cheek pouches into which it stores the seeds and grain while on its foraging expeditions for providing a food supply against the approaching winter; and it is not particular as to its choice of abode, often taking up its residence in man’s habitation if situated sufficiently convenient to its beloved fields and woods. Among the large number of species comprising this genus, there are, as may be supposed, those of all sizes and varieties of coloration. The most striking perhaps among them all is the Golden Mouse, P. nuttalli, of the Central and Southern United States, with its golden 170 PEROMYSCUS. cinnamon coat bordered with white beneath. The majority, how- ever, are modestly dressed in the hue for which their familiar family name has provided an appellation—mouse color, varied with shades of black, russet, and numerous tints of yellows and browns, with white harmoniously applied and blended. Usually the under parts are white, as are the hands and feet also; but again these latter are often plumbeous in different shades. They are the gleaners of our fields and woods, often graceful of shape and always agile of foot, the “small deer”’ of our land. No careful revision of Peromyscus has as yet been made, and until that is done, the status of many of the forms now deemed distinct and the arrangement of the species cannot be satisfactorily determined. 42. Peromyscus. Field Mice, Deer Mice. jee reen> a TOL .— Pe ae ae Sno Peromyscus Gloger, Handb. und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1841, p.95. Type Peromyscus arboreus Gloger=Mus_ sylvaticus noveboracensis Fischer. Calomys Aud., Quad. N. Amer., 11, 1851, p. 303. (nec Waterh., Prades 3G 0839 5 ps AE.) Vespertmus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1874, p. 178. Batomys True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1894, xvi, p. 758. Trinodontomys Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, p. 257. Haplomylomys Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, p. 53. Size moderate, eyes rather prominent; face rather long, nose pointed; ears thin, rather rounded, in some species very large. Feet small, digits slender, palms naked; hind feet long, soles with six tubercles; tail terete, tapering, slender, hairy, sometimes longer than head and body, and occasionally tufted; pelage soft, frequently glossy. Skull thin, papery; braincase broad, rather flat, superior outline curving both ways from highest point just behind orbits; zygomata slender, threadlike, dipping midway to level of the palate, zygomatic arch composed mainly of processes of the maxillary and squamosal. Orbital foramina just above the level of the alveolus; interorbital constriction considerable, but wider than rostrum; nasals and inter- maxilla project beyond the incisors; auditory bulle small, thin, and obliquely situated; lower jaw straight; coronoid very short; molar series short, narrow, the teeth decreasing in size from front to rear; upper molars with three roots each, the lower with two, and the un- worn teeth have a double series of conical tubercles, which gradually are reduced by abrasion, and the pattern varies constantly. BP see PEROMYSCUS. 17 1 Fig. 33. PEROMYSCUS FURVUS. No, 10768 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Twice nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged to times. Enlarged to times. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND: SUBSPECIES. A. Size small, not over 190 mm. a. Tail equal to or less than half the length of the body and head. a.’ Above drab gray. a.’’ Under parts white, ears large....... P. tiburonensis 175 b.” Under parts buffy, ears small. Be SMT i Gyo tk clee er P. musculus 1758 a PEROMYSCUS. bi! Darpers as aches 94 cts ati on Se alles b.’ Above dark gray buff and black......... P.m. brunneus c.’ Above Vandyke brown and blackish... .P. m. nigrescens d.’ Above pale grayish fulvous, ears large...... P. thurbert &/ Above Protut'sbrowncet eee P.t. mesomelas f.’ Above Prout’s brown and burnt umber... P. t. castaneus g.’ Above dark grayish fulvous, auricular Wilke Spots 33/2 fie. ngren ss hs tea we tori P. labecula h.’ Above dark grayish fulvous, no auricular Wie SPO. tc tanmatae oe kh Mien e chee reer P. cectlu i.’ Above yellowish brown and dusky......... P. melanotis 1: (ADOVe- Cinnamon TOROS. Ch Ss. ek Soe P. m. zamelas .’ Above yellowish brown and dusky......... P. spicilegus 1.’ Above tawny. gee 8) Lip oy Caco) Lo) gaan aoe 2 PP eye P. s. evides 1/4 Raid UNI COO o sca hee nee P. s. simulus m.’ Above fulvous brown and black. asf Sides OChPAateousn ct: o wc wuokis iy oe eee P. afjinis Det “OIGes Uta beerayes crac. wc tat c cea P. a. musculotdes c.”’ Sides grayish and fulvous brown....... P. cozumele do? sides pale Tul vous. seescry cece oe P. geronimensis 6 1s, brownish ful vous. |<. 45 ose Ws ete P. dubius n.’ Above dark cinnamon and brownish gray P./. sonortensis 0.” JADOVe ViINACeOUS DUE 5. oe nia cn eee P. 1, blandus Die DOVE TUSSEGN eat Gin< toh nen cues Spee antes P. Ll. julvus qe "Above dark Tufous. 2... csets a ond oa eee P. exiguus tr.’ Above brownish mouse gray. a.” Sides yellowish. Svay i. s...s0. eee esse P. mexicanus be Sides Ghestaritt Ji... ien «etn eer tee P.m., teapensts so Abovemiumimiy browilx aces ayes eee P. allophilus . Tail longer than half the length of the body and head. a.’ Above gray brown suffused with pinkish DONATE ga ce Sot ac ok ee P. paulus b.’ Above fulvous brown and black ............ P. cherrit c.’ Above rusty ted ant TuGus ca... 6... ee P. aztecus d.’ Above brownish fulvous and black, head atid: shouldetsignays 7 (temo te cow eet eee P. beate e.’ Above yellowish wood brown and black. .P. fraterculus f.’. Above blackish brown tinged with grayish PUL VOUS 5550 Sie, ees Oe ae P. propinquus g.’ Above ash gray and blaekccse. sc se ee P. anthonyt h.’ Above ochracéous Dutt... te ees P. goldmani PEROMYSCUS, 173 PAGE 1, Above cinereous pale brown............... P, texensis 186 j.. Above dark plumbeous slate............. P,t. arizone 186 i DOVE Cark TAWH DOWN. 156-0 c eke ev P.t. flaccidus 187 1.’ Above drab tinged with burnt umber..... P.t.clementis 187 i AONE CULL WEY ode se ten eens nth yak vty COONEN. 18% n.’ Above pale cinereous drab............ P. t. deserticola 188 B. Size medium, not under 190 mm. nor over 230 mm. a. Tail longer than head and body. a, Above lipht broccoli brown...... 0:60.00 as P. tornillo 188 De Ove DIshie LOW . ua hia au Pua ues P. gymnotis 188 Or ON OOLIV EG WMD, occur e crcleina sr ace i weds P.r. pinalis 189 d.’ Above pale yellowish brown and black. Rees. all 1 yu ane hes Ree a P. martirensis 189 b.”” Sides fulvous. a." Supraorbital bead well developed. Be NSM STM ashiteresy ulsus bose sie ahh P. banderanus 189 Bb. samibiessooty bide... i) oyu 6: P.b. vicinior 190 b.’’’ Supraorbital bead obsolete........ P.b. angelensts 190 ADOVegrayisn Cheam DUM... 6 kia i.e its P. stephensi 190 f.’ Above pale yellowish gray and black....... P.eremicus 191 g.’ Above dark yellowish gray and black....P.e. pheurus 191 h.’ Above pale ochraceous drab and black...P.e. arenarius 1091 i.’ Above pale ochraceous buff and black...P.a. pectoralis 192 j.' Above pinkish buff and dusky........ P. a. eremicoides 192 k.’ Above mixed black and orange buff; tail EEN MUM ARMM a. avai got Kuta ses yn 0 P.metallicola 192 1.’ Above dark brown tinged with pale fulvous. Ge eMGe OCULACCOUB. a uisi wu ves oe ies P. cedrosensis 185 Pe SeIes DIM CIITAMIOM svc ikis'n sss co ae P. difficitlis 193 Grr Sies TAWHY OCUTACEOUS . 5. wii nee eo wes P, bullatus 193 aU Sides eramien prowmand DUT. i. o.aats P, sagax 104 m.’ Above fulvous and black, lateral line ful- fC OM oS DS le Ra a se a P. yucatanicus 194 n.’ Above darker, lateral line cinnamon ru- UOMO TRUER ne Cro eS a ee ee eee P.y.badius 194 0.’ Above ash gray and black tinged with i EMail Pa a ane Wa P. cineritius 195 Dae Ove SreVisit DIOWD nec ss ales earned wes P.levipes 1095 q.’ Above mixed glossy brown and pale yel- HN Cot lib uf 6 tl eee a Rn ee a P, boylii 195 r.’ Above drab gray tinged with ochraceous VT. . 2 On ey ee rae P.b. penicillatus 196 174 PEROMYSCUS. PAGE s.! Above grayish broccol Drowini< ic a) «ose P. polius 196 t!” Above pale buy fulvous...1. Gea sane eee P. gratus 196 u.’ Above ochraceous buff and dusky........ P. g. gentilis 197 v.’ Above mixed buffy and brownish black...... P. pavidus 197 w.’ Above mixed ochraceous........... 5.04: P.madrensis 197 x.’ Above sandy rufous lined with black........... P.eva_ 198 y.’ Above dark brown tinged with rufous...... P. nudipes 198 z.’ Above pale yellowish gray and black...... P.merriamt 198 za./Above cream buff and black............. P. hemionotis 199 zb.’Above ochraceous buff and black. a,” ‘Tail above wood brow s)-.5,.5 4. sae ee P. gaurus 199 by Talk -above:Dlaekyn.cq.0 tn ancnenee P. homochrota 200 2c. Above pinkish bull amd DIACK 16 2k \ateckies P. oresterus 200 C. Size large, not under 230 mm. in total length; ears large. a. Tail more than half the length of head and body. a.’ Above cinereous gray lined with black...... P. leucurus 200 b.’ Above pale brown tinged with buff........ P. 1, gadovt 201 c.’ Above gray tinged with fulvous........ P.melanophrys 201 d.’ Above darker, tawny band on breast....P.m. zamore 202 e.’ Above tawny ochraceous and black...P.m.consobrinus 202 f.’ Above grayish fawn and black............. P.xenurus 202 g.’ Above grayish brown, face tawny........... P. zelotes 203 h.’ Above light brownish gray and black....... P. insignis 203 i.’ Above dark gray brown and black. a.’ Sides yellowish brown. ............ P. californicus 203 b.’’ Sides buify ochraceous. =). . fs. l 6 itckhw P.hylocetes 204 ce.’ Sides brownish fulvous. ay’ otal den ot hy 28 mts ssn corer P. lepturus 204 b.’”? Smaller and paler i.:.12 us oe eae P. lophurus 204 c./" Miniatuteiot P. lophurns \.2 5 coc. aa P. simulatus 205 d.7’ Sides erayish browit.).0< Goes ue eee P. felipensis 205 jv Above woitorm, clayicolon.e. 44.55. os ee P.amplus 205 k.’ Above fulvous and black. a.’’ Cheeks and sides buffy fulvous..... P. tehuantepecus 206 b.” Cheeks and sides pale rufous.......... P. oaxacensts 206 c.’’ Cheeks and sides golden fulvous......... P.comptus 206 l.’ Above dusky: sealbrowiycicse nee so eves P.m. orizabe 207 m.’ Above grayish fulvous and black ........ P.m. saxatilis 207 n.’ Above dusky brown, almost black....P. m. totontepecus 208 o.’ Above grayish brown and black. a.’’ Sides pale fulvous, upper lip gray........ P. auritus 209 b.” Sides reddish fulvous, upper lip black...... P.furvus 208 p.’ Above dusky: i052. oS. case Pie P. sarhynchus 209 PEROMYSCUS. 175 PAGE Gi ADOVe THIVOUS. DIOWM oo. ie P. 2. cristobalensis 209 r.’ Rostrum elongated, bullz small. a.’ Above fulvous chestnut and black...... P. megalops 210 b.” Smaller and darker. rclebeeida A Chon) 0) (oh 3) ae P. melanocarpus 210 bb. Paslowith white lime beneath... .. 4 +t P. altilaneus 210 Gy A OVS DIS CKISICOTAY vei. leva aie P. guatemalensis 211 Gee NDOME GOORY OOM ost st) xh raise oe P.cacabatus 211 b. Tail nearly two-thirds the length of head and DDG ae WacRBMUEIME Sn aastness = onal vars, said sala s hee P. mectsturus 212 127. tiburonensis (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., T3807, Pp. 7.20. IsLAND OF TIBURON MOUSE. Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality. Genl. Char. Size very small; ears nearly naked. Color. Upper parts drab gray and black; sides ochraceous cin- namon; under parts white; tail blackish brown; hands and feet white; ears dark brown. Measurements. Total length, 175; tail vertebrze, 85; hind foot, 19; ear, 16. Skull: total length, 24; greatest width, 12. (Mearns, Ste) *127a. allex (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, L9O4, pw 70; Dwarr Mouse. Type locality. Colima, State of Colima, Mexico. Genl. Char. Like P. musculus, but smaller; nasals short; bulle very small. Color. Exactly like P. musculus. Measurements. Total length, 113; tail vertebre, 47; hind foot, 14; ear from notch, 9.7. Skull: greatest length, 18.4; Hensel, 14.6; zygomatic width, 9.6; interorbital constriction, 3.2; length of nasals, 6.3; interparietal, 5.5 x 1.3; palate, 3; length of upper molar series, 3. 128. musculus (Sitomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., virr, 1892, 1D, 170% Cotima City Mouse. Type locality. Near Colima City, State of Colima, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Colima and Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. taylori, but lighter and larger. *Descriptions of numerous forms of Peromyscus by Mr. Osgood (I. c.) were published too late to be included here in their regular numerical order. 176 PEROMYSCUS. Color. Above drab gray and black, tinged with tawny; under parts buffy; tail above like back, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 123; tail vertebre, 48; hind foot, 17; ear, 5.5 (dried skin). a.—brunneus (Peromyscus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p: 209. JALAPA Brown Mouse. Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Smaller than P. musculus, and darker. Color. Upper parts drab gray thickly flecked with buff, tinged with rufous, and varied with black; sides similar but paler; under parts yellowish; ears dark brown; tail above dark brown, beneath paler; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 121; tail vertebre, 48; hind foot, I5; ear, 13. Skull: total length, 15; basal length, 12.5; zygomatic breadth, 11; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 7.5; palatal length, 7; length of upper tooth row, 3.2. (ex Type.) b.—nisrescens (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1904, p. 76. Sooty Mouse. Type locality. Valley of Comitan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. musculus, but darker. Color. Upper parts mixed Vandyke brown and sooty blackish; under parts cream buff; tail dusky above, paler beneath. Measurements. Total length, 113-120; tail vertebrae, 40-45; hind foot, 14.5-16. Skull: greatest length, 20.1; Hensel, 15.2; zygomatic width, 10.5; interorbital constriction, 3.4; length of nasals, 8; inter- parietal, 6.4; palate, 2.8; length of upper molar series, 3.2. 129. paulus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 598. Tiny Mouvuse. Type locality. Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico. Genl. Char. Smaller than P. musculus, color lighter and grayer. Color. Upper parts gray brown suffused with pinkish buff; under parts grayish white, base of hairs plumbeous, tips whitish; belly sometimes tinged with buff. Measurements. Total length, 108; head and body, 62; tail verte- bre, 44; hind foot, 14; ear from notch, 13; from crown, It. 130. thurberi. americanus thurberi (Sitomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 185. PEROMYSCUS. 177 texanus ! medius Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1895, p. 446. texensis medius Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 130. THURBER’S FIELD MOUSE. Type locality. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. Region of San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico, north into southern California to Colorado desert at least. Genl. Char. General color pale grayish fulvous lined with black. Color. Upper parts grayish fulvous, darkest on dorsal line where it is blackish; sides fulvous; lower sides and under parts and feet white; ears dusky, at base a tuft colored like head; tail blackish above, white below. Measurements. Total length, 177; tail vertebre, 78; hind foot, 21; ear, 18. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.1; Hensel, 99.2; zygo- matic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 9.2; width of braincase above roots of zygomata, 11.5; palatal length, 10; length of upper molar series, 4; length of lower molar series, 4. a.—mesomelas (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu, 1904, Pp. 57- Type locality. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. thurberit, darker; tail shorter; hind foot larger; pectoral spot present. Color. Upper parts Prout’s brown; under parts creamy white; pectoral spot fawn; hands and feet white; ankles dusky brownish; tail bicolor; ears dusky, edges whitish. Measurements. Total length, 169; tail vertebre, 76; hind foot, 23. Skull: greatest length, 26.5; Hensel, 20.2; zygomatic width, 13.6; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8.6 x 2.3; length of nasals, 10.4; palatal length, 3.8; palatal foramina, 5.2 x 2; postpalatal length, 9.1; length of upper molar series, 3.7. b.—castaneus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv1t, 1904, p: 1538; YOHALTUN Mouse. Type locality. Yohaltun, State of Campeche, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. mesomelas, but smaller; no pectoral spot. Color. Upper parts between Prout’s brown and burnt umber; under parts white; no lateral line; hands and feet white; ankles dusky. Measurements. ‘Total length, average of ten adults, 163 (156- 169); tail vertebre¥ 73 (68-79); hind foot, 21.5 (20-22). Skull of type: greatest length, 25.3; Hensel, 19; zygomatic breadth, 13; inter- 178 PEROMYSCUS, orbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8 xX 2.3; length of nasals, 9.3; palatal length, 4; palatine slits, 4.2 X 19; diastema, 6.2; postpalatal length, 9.5; upper molar series, 3.5.” 131. labecula (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 11, 1902, p. 143. Zodlogy. Wuire-spot Deer Mouse. Type locality. Ocotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. thurberi in color, but cranial characters very different; tail short; skull with braincase more nearly square- shaped than that of P. thurbert, outer edge of frontals more curved; interorbital constriction greater; nasals shorter and broader anteriorly ; palatine foramina shorter and narrower; pterygoids shorter; maxil- lary branch of zygoma broader and heavier; pelage soft, thick. Color. Above dark grayish fulvous; top of nose grayish buff; conspicuous white spot at posterior base of ears; shoulders mixed buff and black; lateral line from upper lip to thigh tawny ochraceous; lips and under parts white; thighs like sides; arms, hands, and feet white; tail hairy, above black, sides and beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 144; tail, 57; hind foot, 18. (Skin.) Skull: greatest length, 25; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 13; mastoid width, 11; length of nasals, 10; greatest width of rostrum, 4; palatal length, 4; length of upper tooth row, 4. 132. cecilii (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., XI, 1903, p. 486. CreciL’s Mouse. Type locality. Santa Barbara Camp, southern slope of Mt. Ori- zaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 12,500 feet. Genl. Char. Size small; ears medium; tail heavily haired. Color. Upper parts dark grayish fulvous, dorsal area heavily lined with black; sides dull fulvous brown; under parts dull gray; tail black above, white on sides and beneath; hands and feet dull whitish, ankles dusky; ears black with white edges. Measurements. Total length, 169; tail vertebra, 75; hind foot, 20; ear, 18. Skull: greatest length, 26.5; basilar length, 20; nasals, 11X3; interorbital constriction, 3.9; palatal length, 10.9; palatal foramina, 5.82; length of upper molar series, 3.7. 133 melanotis (Peromyscus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 203. BLACK-EARED FIELD Mouse. Type locality. Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. PEROMYSCUS. 170 Genl. Char. Similar to P. rufinus; colors paler, ears larger. Color. Above yellowish brown, with a tinge of reddish, darkest on dorsal line; sides brighter; under parts and feet white; tail black above, rest white; ears black, edged with white. Measurements. ‘Total length, 160-164; tail vertebra, 66-71; hind foot, 20; ear, 20. Skull: total length, 27; basal length, 22; zygo- matic breadth, 14; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 11.5; palatal length, 11; length of upper tooth row, 4. (Type.) a.—zamelas (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1904, Pp. 59. Jet Mouse. Type locality. Colonia Garcia, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Allti- tude, 6,700 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanotis, but more sooty; size small. Color. Broad black stripe from top of head to base of tail; sides dark cinnamon rufous suffused with sooty; orbital ring and base of whiskers black; sides of face sooty; patch below eye and lateral line rufous; under parts white, plumbeous under fur showing; tail above black, beneath white; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 160; tail vertebra, 63; hind foot, 20. Skull: greatest length, 25.9; Hensel, 19.3; zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8x2.2; length of nasals, t1; palatal length, 3.8; palatine foramina, 5.32.1; postpalatal length, 8.5; length of upper molar series, 3.3. 134. spicilegus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 50. JALISCO SMALL-EARED Mouse. Type locality. Mineral San Sebastian, Mascota, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to P. floridanus; ears smaller, tail longer. Color. Above yellowish brown and dusky, darkest on dorsal line; sides yellowish; lateral line ochraceous; under parts white; outer surface of arms to wrist fulvous; tarsus dusky, hands and feet white; ears dusky; tail above brown, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 188; tail vertebra, g2; hind foot, 20. Skull: total length, 28; basal length, 22; interorbital constric- tion, 5; length of nasals, ro. (ex Type.) a.—evides (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvit., 1904, p. 64. Juouira Mouse. Type locality. Juquila, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. 180 PEROMYSCUS, Genl. Char, Similar to P. spicilegus; dusky area on hind foot from ankle to base of toes. Skull heavier; teeth larger. Color, Upper parts tawny mixed with dusky; orbital ring and base of whiskers black; pectoral spot tawny; under parts creamy white; tail above blackish, below white; forearm sooty to wrist; hands white; ankle and proximal half of foot above sooty. Measurements, Average of five adults: Total length, 211; tail vertebrae, 106; hind foot, 25. Skull: greatest length, 29; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 14.4; interorbital constriction, 4.6; interparietal ).3X%3.2; length of nasals, 11.5; palate, 4.7; postpalatal length, 9.1; length of upper molar series, 5. b.—simulus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1904, Pp. O04. Mimic Mouse. Type locality. San Blas, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico. Genl, Char, Similar to P. spicilegus. Skull smaller; nasals shorter. Color. Upper parts cinnamon rufous; dorsal area darker; under parts white; pectoral spot rufous; tail bicolor; hands and feet white; ankles dusky. Measurements. Average of three adults: Total length, 208; tail vertebrae, 111; hind foot, 23. Skull: greatest length, 26.3; Hensel, 20.3; zygomatic width, 14; interorbital constriction, 4.1; length of nasals, 9.4; palate, 3.6; postpalatal length, 9.4; length of upper molar series, 3.8. 135. affinis (Hesperomys), Allen, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1891, p. 195. AuLiep Fietp Mouse. Type locality. Barrio, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Southeastern Mexico. Genl, Char. Similar to P. melanophrys, but darker. Color, Above mixed fulvous brown and black, dorsal area dark- est; flanks fulvous; under parts white tinged with yellow; ears brownish with white edges; hands and feet white; tail above brown, beneath paler. Measurements, Total length, 157-171; tail vertebrae, 76-83; hind foot, 19.8; ear, 4.5. Skull: total length, 26.4; basal length, 25.9; length of nasals, 11.4; length of mandible, 16; height at angle, 6.4. (ex Type.) a.—museuloides (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1898, p. 124. Auttiep House Mouse. Type locality. Cuicatlan, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. PEROMYSCUS. 181 Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown, Genl. Char. Size small; similar to Mus musculus. Color. Above drab gray, sides brownish; sides of nose, lips, under parts, hands, and feet white; tail brownish above, white beneath. Measurements. Total length, 187; tail vertebra, 88; hind foot, 2.5. 136. cozumelz (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, foc? D. 103: ISLAND OF CozUMEL MOUSE. Type locality. Island of Cozumel, Yucatan, Mexico, Genl. Char. Size medium; ears large; similar to P. afjinis. Color. Above from grayish to fulvous brown; beneath white; tail brownish dusky above, whitish beneath; wrists and ankles dusky ; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 180; tail vertebra, 80; hind foot, 23. 137. geronimensis (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., T8098, p. 150. SAN GERONIMO IsLAND FIELD Mouse. Type locality. San Geronimo Island, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico; Island form. Genl. Char. Similar to P. texensis; size larger. Color. Above fulvous brown and black, darker dorsal band per- ceptible; sides pale fulvous; under parts white; tail above dusky, sides beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 175; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot, 20. Skull: total length, 25; basal length, 21; mastoid breadth, 11, interorbital constriction, 3.8; length of nasals, 8. (ex Type.) 138. dubius (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, pi 157. Topos Santos Istanp Mouse. Type locality. Todos Santos Island, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size rather large; color dark. Color. Above grayish fulvous brown, and black; sides fulvous; lateral line brownish fulvous; under parts white; hands and feet whitish; tail, basal third blackish brown, sides and beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 175; tail vertebra, 82; hind foot, 18. Skull: total length, 26; basal length, 21.5; zygomatic breadth, 12; mastoid breadth, 11; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals, 9.5. (ex Type.) lewcopus sonoriensis (Hesperomys), Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. polen. Fnil,, 1853, p. 413. 182 PEROMYSCUS. americanus sonoriensis (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., LOOT, ples: SoNnoRA WHITE-FOOTED FIELD Mouse. Type locality. Santa Cruz, State of Sonora, Mexico, boundary line Mexico and United States. Fig. XXXVII. PEROMYSCUS L. SONORIENSIS. SONORA WHITE-FOOTED FIELD MOUSE. Geogr. Distr. From Zapotlan, Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Jalisco, north to British Columbia west of Rocky Mountains. Genl. Char. Medium size; tail short; color pale. Color. Above dark cinereous, mixed with brownish gray; under parts whitish; feet brownish white; tail above dark brown, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 166; tail vertebre, 69; hind foot, 21.5; ear, 20. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24; Hensel, 18; zygo- matic width, 11.5; interorbital constriction, 4; palatal length, 10; length of nasals, 10; length of upper tooth row, 3. leweopus blandus. sonortensis blandus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.., XVII, 1904, p. 56. GENTLE MOUSE. Type locality. Escalon, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. l. sonoriensis, but smaller; tail shorter. Color. Upper parts vinaceous buff sprinkled with dusky; lateral line vinaceous buff; under parts creamy white; hands and feet white; ankles with traces of dusky or buffy; ears whitish. Measurements. Total length, 145; tail vertebre, 61; hind foot, 21. Skull: greatest length, 25.4; Hensel, 19.7; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8x1.9; length of nasals, PEROMYSCUS. 183 9.8X2.5; palatal length, 3.5; palatine foramina, 5.72; postpalatal length, 9.1; length of upper molar series, 3.8. leucopus fulvus. sonoriensts fulvus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., RVI, IQA, p. 57. Futvous Mouse. Type locality. Oaxaca City, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. 1. sonoriensis, but darker. ‘‘ Skull with anterior part of zygoma heavier, more deeply notched by infraorbital foramen.”’ Color. Upper parts russet; middle of back mars and Prout’s brown; under parts creamy white; ear tufts buffy or pale cream color; hands, arms, and feet white; outer side of ankles brownish; tail above brown, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 167; tail vertebrae, 68; hind foot, 22. Skull: greatest length, 25; Hensel, 19.5; zygomatic width, 12.8; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 82.1; length of nasals, 10; length of palate, 3.7; palatal foramina, 5.62; postpalatal length, 8.7; length of upper molar series, 3.8. 139. exiguus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, Pp. 157. SAN Martin Istanp Mouse. Type locality. San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. t. clementts, smaller, tail shorter. Color. Head and back dark rufous brown, darkest on upper back, but no dorsal stripe; flanks pale rufous; upper lip, chin, and under parts pure white; orbital ring black; ears like back; tail above dark brown, beneath white; feet white. Measurements. Total length, 158; tail vertebre, 69; hind foot, 20. Skull: total length, 26.5; basal length, 22; mastoid breadth, I1.5; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals,10. (ex Type.) 140. cherrii (Hesperomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891, Dp. 202. CHERRIE’s Costa Rican Mouse. Type locality. La Carpintera, Costa Rica. Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica. Genl. Char. Similar to P. nuttalli, but whiter beneath; ears larger, tail much longer. Color. Above @ark cinnamon rufous, lined with black on the head and dorsal region; flanks rusty cinnamon; upper lip on a line 184 PEROMYSCUS. from nose, under parts of arms, legs, and body pure white; orbital ring and line between eyes and nose black; limbs dusky brown; tail dusky brown, naked; hands and feet dusky brown; fingers and toes whitish; ears naked, dusky. Measurements. Total length, 182.4—-187.10; tail, ro8—114.3; hind foot, 18.3; ear, 12.7. Skull: basal length, 20.3; total length, 24.6; interorbital constriction, 4.3; length of nasals, 9.4; length of upper molar series, 4.6; length of mandible, 13.5. 141. aztecus (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Zodl., 2me Sér., 1860, p. 105. Aztec MOUuSsE. Type locality. ‘*‘Mexico.”’ Geogr. Distr. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Sierra de Juan- acutlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Range unknown. Genl. Char. Coloring rich and dark, tail long. Color. Upper parts and sides rusty red or rusty orange, extending over the arms to the wrists and on the hind leg onto the metatarsus; dorsal area brownish black; top of head not so dark as back; sides of lips, under parts, hands, and feet white; tail above blackish, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 190; tail vertebre, 107; hind 00%, Br. 142. beatz (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., XY, 1903, peasy. XOMETLA Mouse. Type locality. Xometla Camp, Mt. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude 8,500 feet. Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; tail longer than head and body, well haired. Skull: supraorbital edges square; interparietal large. Color. Upper parts brownish fulvous, grayer on head and fore- quarters and lined with black on dorsal surface; sides dull fulvous; under surface dull gray, with a buff pectoral spot; hands and feet dull white, ankles dusky; tail blackish above, dull white below; ears blackish with faint white edges. Measurements. Total length, 215; tail, 118; hind foot, 21; ear, 20. Skull: greatest length, 28.2; basilar length, 21.6; nasals, 11.5X3.3; interorbital constriction, 4.2; interparietal, 3.99.4; palatal length, 11.5; palatal foramen, 6.8x 2.3; length of upper molar series, 4.5. 143. fraterculus (Vesperimus), Miller, Amer. Nat., 1892, p. 261. fraterculus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 136. RELATED WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE. Type locality. Dulzura, San Diego, California. PEROMYSCUS. 185 Geogr. Distr. Southern and Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Medium; tail longer than head and body, thinly haired; soles naked; ears large. Color. Above yellowish wood brown mixed with black, darkest on median line; flanks fulvous with distinct lateral stripe; feet white; under parts yellowish white with fulvous pectoral spot; tail above brownish, paler beneath. Measurements. Total length, 185; tail vertebre, 113; hind foot, 20; ear, 18. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25; Hensel, 18.5; zygo- matic breadth, 12; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 9; palatal length, 9; width of braincase, 11.5. 144. propinquus. eremicus propinquus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Misty, 1808, p. 154. ALLIED DESERT MOUSE. Type locality. San Pablo Point, San Pablo Bay, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. fraterculus, but blacker. Color. Above mixed blackish brown and grayish fulvous; lateral line deep fulvous; under parts white; hands and feet white; tail brownish above, paler beneath. Measurements. Total length, 190; tail vertebre, 100; hind foot, 18.5. 145. cedrosensis (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 154. Cerros Istanp Mouse. Type locality. Cerros or Cedros Island, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. fraterculus, but darker. Color. Upper parts brown, tinged with fulvous and blackish; lateral line broad, ochraceous; under parts white with pectoral ful- vous line, sometimes reaching the abdomen; hands and feet white; ears large, pale brown; tail pale brown above, lighter beneath. Measurements. Total length, 194; tail vertebra, 107; hind foot, 20. Skull: total length, 26; basal length, 21; zygomatic width, 10; mastoid width, 10.5; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals, D.6. (ex Type.) 146. anthonyi (Hesperomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Iv, 1887, p. 5. ANTHONY’s FieLtp Mouse. Type locality. Camp Apache, Grant County, New Mexico. 186 PEROMYSCUS. Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, north into New Mexico. Genl. Char. Small; tail longer than head and body; ears large; soles naked. Color. Above ash gray, lined with black; sides buffy fulvous; under parts white; tail above dark brown, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 144; tail vertebre, 80; hind foot, 18.5; ear, 12. Skull: basilar length, 20.3; Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 12.8; interorbital constriction, 3.9; length of nasals, 7.8; length of upper molar series, 3.8; length of mandible, 12.9. 146a. goldmani (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XvII, 1904, Pp. 75: GoLpMAN’s Mouse. Type locality. Alamos, State of Sonora, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. anthony; tail long, hairy; heel slightly hairy. Color. Upper parts and sides ochraceous buff mixed with black; under parts creamy white; pectoral spot buff. Measurements. Total length, 217; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot, 24. Skull: greatest length, 27.3; Hensel, 21.1; zygomatic width, 14.2; interorbital constriction, 4; interparietal, 8.63.2; length of nasals, 9.6; palate, 4.2; postpalatal length, ro; length of upper molar series, 4. 147. texensis (Hesperomys), Woodh., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., L853, Pp. 244. texensis (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 130. TEXAN FIELD MOUSE. Type locality. Rio Grande near El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. Southern Texas, into State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl. Char. Small; tail equal to head and body; ears small. Color. Above cinereous mixed with pale brown; lower sides, feet and under parts white; tail above brown, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 106.6; tail vertebra, 53.3; hind foot, 44; ear, 10. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 23; Hensel, 17.5; zygo- matic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of nasals, 7.5; palatal length, 9.5. @.—arizone. americanus artzone (Sitomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1894, D. $40. americanus arizone (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., IQOI, p. 125. Ar1IzoNA Fretp Mouse. Type locality. Fairbank, Cochise County, Arizona. PEROMYSCUS. 187 Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, north to White, Chiricahua and Graham Mountains of Arizona. Genl. Char. Similar to P. gambeli, but smaller; longer ears and shorter tail. Color. Above dark plumbeous slate; below whitish; tail bicolor. Measurements. Total length, 158; tail vertebre, 67; hind foot, 24. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24; Hensel, 10; zygomatic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 10; palatal length, 10; length of upper molar series, 3. b.—flaecidus (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, P- 599. FEEBLE MOUSE. Type locality. Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico. Altitude, 7,500 tect. Genl. Char. Similar to P. t. arizone, but paler; tail longer; hind foot shorter. Color. Upper parts dark fawn brown, blackish on median area; lateral line fulvous; head grayer than body; under parts pure white, under fur plumbeous; fore legs white to shoulder; body color extend- ing on hind leg to tarsal joint; tail above dark brown on upper third, rest grayish white, beneath paler; ear gray brown margined nar- rowly with white. Measurements. Total length, 177; tail vertebrae, 79; hind foot, 20; ear from crown, 14; from notch, 18. c.—clementis (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, peadae, Hiliot, Syn: N. Am. Mamm., roor, -p: r3o. SAN CLEMENTE IsLAND Mouse. Type locahty. San Clemente Island, California. Geogr. Distr. Coronodos Islands, Mexico, and San Clemente Island, California. Genl. Char. Much blacker than P. thurbert, and of a more red- dish coloration, save on the head. Color. Top of head drab gray; upper parts drab, tinged with burnt umber; ears black; feet and under surface white; tail bicolor. Measurements. Total length, 177; tail vertebre, 77; hind foot, eu, ear, 17. d.—coolid sii (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th mer., 1, 1888; p. 45. CooxipGe’s Firtp Mouse. Type locality. Santa Anita, Cape Region, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Cape Region, Lower California. 188 PEROMYSCUS. Genl. Char. Like P. l. nebrascensis, tail slightly haired. Color. Upper parts dull buffy, darker on dorsal line, lighter on sides; tail brown above, white below. (O. Thomas in litt., ex Type.) Measurements. Total length, 167; tail, 76; hind foot, 22; ear, 20. Skull: basilar length, 19.5; greatest breadth, 13; length of nasals, 9.5; length of upper molar series, 3.7. deserticola. leucopus deserticola (Hesperomys), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 11, r890, p. 285, Desc. p. 287. americanus deserticola (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., COOL, pr tas. Desert WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE. Type locality. Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, and desert regions of California and Arizona. Genl. Char. Ears medium; tail long; pelage short. Color. Above pale cinereous drab, slightly darker on median line, light fulvous on sides and rump; tail narrowly striped above with dark brown. Measurements. Total length, 168; tail, 78.7; hind foot, 20.8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.5; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 5.5; palatal length, ro. é. 148. tornillo (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 445. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgoz, p. 126. Rio GRANDE WHITE-FOOTED Mouse. Type locality. Rio Grande, six miles above El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, north into Texas and New Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. t. arizone, but paler, ears smaller, body. stouter. (Mearns, l. c.) _ Color. Above light broccoli brown; feet and under parts pure white; tail bicolor. Measurements. Total length, 192; tail vertebra, go; hind foot, 23; ear, 12. 149. gymnotis (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XIV, 1894, p. 365. NAKED-EARED MOUSE. Type locality. Guatemala. Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America. Genl. Char. Size medium; ears long, naked; tail shorter than head and body. PEROMYSCUS. 189 Color. Upper parts bistre brown, beneath slaty buff; tail dark brown above and beneath; hands and feet silvery white. Measurements. Total length, 191; tail, 92; hind foot, 22; ear, 17. Skull: greatest length, 30.5; basal length, 25; Hensel, 23.1; greatest breadth, 15.4; length of nasals, 123.3; interorbital constriction, 4.6; palatal length, 12.4; length of upper molar series, 4.1; length of mandible, condyle to tip of incisor, 18; height of coronoid process, 7.3. rowleyi pinalis (Sttomys), Miller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, DP: 337: rowleyt pinalits (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, Pp. 135. Row ey’s Pine Mouse. Type locality. Granite Gap, Grant County, New Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to New Mexico and Arizona. Genl. Char. Smaller than P. rowleyi, more yellowish in color. Color. Above olive buff, darker on dorsal region, and grayer on head and face; hairs sepia-tipped; indistinct orbital ring; feet and under parts pure white; tail brown above, white beneath. Measurements. Total length, 196; tail, 104; hind foot, 23; ear, 20. (ex Type.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 19; zygo- matic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 5; palatal length, 10.5; length of nasals, 9.5; length of upper molar series, 4. 150. martirensis (Sztomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Legs; Pp: 167. SAN Pepro Martir Mountains Mouse. Type locality. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. San Pedro Martir and Hanson Laguna Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude above 5,000 feet. Genl, Char. Similar to P. tru; tail longer. Color. Above pale yellowish brown, varied with blackish; sides tawny; under parts white; sometimes a tawny pectoral spot; orbital ring blackish; ears naked, dusky; hands and feet white; tail above blackish, beneath grayish white. Measurements. Total length, 195; tail vertebre, 102; hind foot, 22. Skull: total length, 28; basilar length, 23.4; Hensel, 21; zygo- matic width, 13.7; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 10; palatal length, 11; width of braincase, 13; length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, 9.5; length of lower molar series, 4. 151. banderanus’ (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 51. 190 PEROMYSCUS. BANDERAS FieLp Mouse. Type locality. Terro Tepic, Valle de Banderas, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Above pale yellowish brown, dorsal region with black-tipped hairs; lateral line fulvous; outside of arms, under parts, hands, and feet white; outer side of legs grayish; ears brownish; tail above brown, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 226; tail vertebra, 112; hind foot, 24. Skull: total length, 31; basal length, 25; interorbital constric- tion, 5; length of nasals, 11.5. (ex Type.) a.—vieinior (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1904, p. 68. La SaLtapA DEER Mouse. Type locality. La Salada, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. banderanus, but darker; skull narrower; anterior palatine foramina nearly elliptical. Color. ‘Slightly darker and more vinaceous than P. banderanus in worn or summer pelage; decidedly darker in winter pelage, with a definite dusky median dorsal area; markings about eyes, whiskers and ankles sooty black instead of brown; upper side of tail sooty instead of brownish. Measurements. Total length, 216; tail vertebra, 107; hind foot, 27. Skull: greatest length, 31-32; Hensel, 23.3-24.1; zygomatic width, 14—14.3; interorbital constriction, 4.8-5; length of nasals, 11.8-12.4; interparietal, 3.7xX10.2—-4.5xX10.2; length of upper molar series, 4.4—4.6. b.—anegelensis (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1904, p. 69. Puerto ANGEL Mouse. Type locality. Puerto Angel, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. banderanus, but larger; supra-orbital bead nearly obsolete. Color. Like P. banderanus, possibly slightly darker. Measurements. Total length, 235; tail vertebra, 123; hind foot, 26.5. Skull: greatest length, 31.3-33.4; Hensel, 23.4—24.9; zygomatic width, 15—15.4; interorbital constriction, 5—5.2; length of nasals, 11.7-12.8; length of upper molar series, 4.6. 152. stephensi (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, p. 721. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 136. PEROMYSCUS. alieyut STEPHEN’S FieELD Mouse. Type locality. Canon at east base of Coast Range Mountains, in San Diego County, California, near Mexican boundary. Geogr. Distr. Southern California into Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, but smaller, tail longer, and colors paler. Color. Above grayish cream buff; sides and rump pale ochra- ceous buff; feet and under parts white; tail above dusky, below white. Measurements. Total length, 193; tail vertebra, 108; hind foot, 1g; ear, 18.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24; Hensel, 18; zygo- matic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 3.5; palatal length, 9; length of upper molar series, 3. 153. eremicus (Hesperomys), Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, p. 479. eremicus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 136. Desert Mouse. Type locality. Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, into New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Genl. Char. Ears very large; tail longer than head and body; palms and soles naked. Color. Above pale yellowish gray, mixed with black; pale ful- vous band on cheeks and sides; tail obscurely bicolor, above little darker than dorsal region; feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 190; tail vertebra, 96.5; hind foot, 22; ear, 19. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26.5; Hensel, 19; zygo- matic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4; palatal length, 10; length of nasals, 10; length of upper molar series, 3. a.—arenarius (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, Pease. lillior, syn. N), Am. Mamm., 1roor, p. 136: SAND-LOVING Mouse. Type locality. Rio Grande, near El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into southern Texas. Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, without dark dorsal line. Color. Above and sides pale ochraceous drab mixed with black; tail above dusky drab and hoary, below pure white; head grayish; orbital ring dusky. Measurements. Total length, 198; tail vertebra, 106; hind foot, Sryg- ear, rs. b.—pheurus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1904, p. 75. 192 PEROMYSCUS. BLACK-TAILED MOUSE. Type locality. Hacienda La Parada, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Middle portion of tableland in States of San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas and Nuevo Leon. Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, but darker; tail unicolor. Color. Shades of buff deeper than in P. eremicus and upper parts more heavily mixed with black; under parts white; tail blackish brown above and below; hands and feet white; ankles dusky. Measurements. Total length, 176-195; tail vertebre, 92-103; hind foot, 21. attwateri pectoralis (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, p. 59: JALPAN Mouse. Type locality. Jalpan, State of Queretaro, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. attwateri; pectoral spot prominent. Color. Upper parts pale ochraceous buff thickly sprinkled with dusky; sides of head behind eyes grayish; a narrow black orbital ring; pectoral spot buffy ochraceous; under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath white; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 200; tail vertebra, 114; hind foot, 22. Skull: greatest length, 27; Hensel, 19.7; zygomatic width, 13.7; interorbital constriction, 4.2; length of nasals, 9.9; palatal length, 3.7; palatine foramina, 4.92; postpalatal length, 9.4; length of upper molar series, 3.8. attwateri eremicoides (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, p. 60. ALLIED MOUSE. Type locality. Mapimi, State of Durango, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, but molar enamel pattern having accessory cusps. Color. Upper parts mixed pinkish buff and dusky; lateral line pinkish buff; facial region grayish; under parts pale creamy white; tail above dusky, beneath white; hands, feet, and ankles white. Measurements. Total length, 180-195; tail vertebra, 102-111; hind foot, 20-21. Skull: greatest length, 24; Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 3.9; interparietal, 8.33; length of nasals, 8.5; palate, 3.5; palatine foramina, 4.5x1.5; postpalatal length, 8.5; length of upper molar series, 3.5. 154. metallicola Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 245. Zoology. PEROMYSCUS. 193 Type locality. Providentia Mines, northwestern Sonora, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. eremicus, but tail hairy and with a pencil; sides deep orange buff instead of pale fulvous. Color. Upper parts mixed black and orange buff; forehead and nose gray and buff mixed; sides of face, shoulders, sides, and rump about base of tail deep orange buff; orbital ring black; lips and entire under parts, hands, and feet pure white; tail above dusky, sides and beneath white; ears brown. Measurements. Total length, 190.5; tail vertebre, ro1.6; hind foot, 25. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4.5; width of braincase, 12; length of nasals, 10; palatal length, 10.5; length of upper tooth row, 4; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, ro; length of lower tooth row, 4. 155. difficilis (Vesperimus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 298. TROUBLESOME MOUSE. Type locality. Sierra de Valparaiso, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Zacatecas, Mexico; range unknown. Genl, Char. Allied to P. megalotis; ears smaller; hind feet larger; color darker. Color. Above dusky brown tinged with pale fulvous; nape and shoulders ashy; sides buffy cinnamon; orbital ring blackish; under parts white; tail above blackish, beneath whitish; hands and feet whitish; ears large, naked, with gray edges. Measurements. Total length, 201; tail vertebra, 103; hind foot, 25.4. Skull: total length, 29.7; basal length, 24.1; zygomatic width, 14.7; length of mandible, 18.3. (ex Type.) 155a. bullatus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvil, 1904, p. 63. PEerote Mouse. Type locality. Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. tru; audital bulle greatly inflated; ears very large; tail shorter than head and body. Color. Upper parts and sides tawny ochraceous; middle of back dusky; top of head and nose broccoli brown; sides of head grayish; orbital ring dusky; under parts creamy white; tail bicolor; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 200; tail vertebra, 93; hind foot, 23. Skull: greatest length, 28.9; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 14.5; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interparietal, 10x3; length of nasals, Oa PEROMYSCUS, 10.4; palate, 4.2; postpalatal length, 10; length of upper molar series, 4.3; greatest diameter of audital bulla, 6.5. 156. sagax (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 142. Zodlogy. LA PauMA Fir_tp Mouse. Type locality, La Palma, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl, Char, Similar in color to P. dtffictlis, Allen, but skull very different; ears large; braincase broad, nearly square; interorbital constriction considerable. Compared with that of P. dijjictlis, the skull is shorter and narrower, with shorter nasals, but of about equal width; bulla smaller and closer together, and molars much smaller. Color. Top of head and dorsal region mixed grayish black and buff, the former predominating; sides grayish brown and buff, with an indistinet buff lateral line; orbital ring and spot behind nose black, with a buff spot between this and the eye; sides of head and shoulders buffy gray; under parts white; upper side of arms buffy gray; thighs like sides; hands and feet white; tail black above, white beneath; ears large, brown at base, blackish at tip, with narrow white edges, Measurements. Total length, 192; tail vertebra, 107; hind foot, 22, Skull; total length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 13; mastoid width, 12; length of nasals, 10; greatest width of rostrum, 4; palatal length, 4; interorbital constriction, 4.3; length of upper molar series, 4. 157. yucatanicus (Peromyscus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 8. Yucatan Mouse. Type locality, Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico, Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico. Genl, Char. Tail naked; size medium, Color. Above fulvous mixed with black; lateral line bright fulvous; under parts white; outer surface of limbs like back; hands and feet white; tail naked, unicolor, brown; ears brownish. Measurements, Total length, 210; tail vertebra, too; hind foot, 22; ear, 20, Skull: total length, 31; basal length, 25; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, r2. (ex Type.) a.—badius (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, 1904, p. 70. Apazote Mouse. I'ype locality. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico. Genl, Char. Similar to P. vucatanteus, but darker. Color, Dorsal area and sides strongly mixed with black; lateral line cinnamon rufous; orbital ring black; under parts suffused with r) —_— PEROMYSCUS, LOD yellow; tail above blackish brown, beneath yellowish white blotched with dusky; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 193.4; tail vertebra, 96.7; hind foot, 23.5. Skull: greatest length, 28.2; Hensel, 20.7; zygomatic width, 14.1; interorbital constriction, 4.7; interparietal, 9.23.1; length of nasals, 10.4; palate, 4.2; postpalatal length, 9.9; length of upper molar series, 4.1. 158. cineritius (Peromyscus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5905p. 155. AsHy Gray Fietp Mouse. Type locality. San Roque Island, Lower California, Mexico, Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality. Genl. Char. Size large, colors pale. Color. Above ash gray tinged with fulvous, with black hairs intermixed; under parts white; hands and feet white; tail above brown, sides and beneath whitish. Measurements. ‘Total length, 191; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot, 21. Skull: total length, 27.5; basal length, 23; mastoid breadth, 11; interorbital width, 3.3; length of nasals, 9.5. (ex Type.) 159. levipes (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 123. Mount Mauincue Mouse. Type locality. Mount Malinche, State of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Alti- tude, 8,400 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Tlaxcala, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; tail longer than head and body. Similar to P. gratus, but rostrum heavier, nasals longer; bulla smaller. Color. Above grayish brown; sides and cheeks buffy fulvous; under parts, hands, and feet white; salmon spot on breast; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 200; tail vertebra, 102; hind foot, aa: 160. boylii (Hesperomys), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, P-. 335. gilbertt, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 188. boylti (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgot, p. 132. BoyLr’s Mousp. Type locality. Middle fork of American River, Eldorado County, California. ' Geogr. Distr. WLower California, Mexico, north to California. 196 PEROMYSCUS. Genl. Char. Body stout; ears very large; tail longer than the body. Color. Above mixed glossy brown and pale yellowish brown; hands, feet, and lower parts white; white on sides bordered by a line of reddish buff, which grades into the color of the upper parts; tail above dusky, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 195; tail vertebre, 101; hind foot, 23; ear, 22. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 14; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 11; palatal length, 11; length of upper molar series, 4. *qv.—penicillatws (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 139. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 133. FRANKLIN Mountains Mouvuse. Type locality. Franklin Mountains, near El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. Texas, probably into State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl. Char. Nasal bones of skull truncate posteriorly, and ending in front of the posterior ends of premaxille. Color. Above drab gray tinged with ochraceous buff on rump and sides; hands, feet, and under parts pure white; tail dusky drab above, white below. Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebre, 115; hind foot, 22; ear, 14. 160a. polius (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvm, 1904, p. 61. GRIZZLED MOUSE. Type locality. Colonia Garcia, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. boylit rowley1, but larger and grayer. Color. Upper parts grayish broccoli brown; lateral line pinkish buff; orbital ring dusky; under parts white; tail bicolor; hands, feet. and ankles white. Measurements. Total length, 210-234; tail vertebra, 111-120; hind foot, 25-26. Skull: greatest length, 29.9; Hensel, 22.9; zygo- matic width, 14.8; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interparietal, 10.5X2.8; length of nasals, 11.6; palate, 4.4; postpalatal length, 10; length of upper molar series, 4.7. 161. gratus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x, 1898, pitas: TLALPAM FIELD MOUSE. Type locality. Tlalpam, Valley of Mexico. * Dr. E. A. Mearns informs me that this mouse has been taken within a mile of the Mexican border. a PEROMYSCUS. 1197 Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico, range unknown. Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; similar to P. trudt. Color. Above pale buffy fulvous and black; side buffy fulvous; under parts white as are also the hands and feet; tail dusky, the sides slightly paler. Measurements. Total length, 209; tail vertebre, 114; hind foot, 23. a.—gentilis (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvit, HOGA, DP. O61. FoREIGN MOusE. Type locality. Lagos, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. gratus, but paler; molars slightly smaller. Color. Upper parts pale ochraceous buff and dusky; sides of head ochraceous buff; under parts white; tail above blackish, beneath white; hands and feet white; ankles dusky. Measurements. Total length, 194-210; tail vertebrae, 103-120; hind foot, 23-24.5. Skull: greatest length, 27.2; zygomatic width, 14; length of nasals, 9.5; interorbital constriction, 4.4; length of upper molar series, 4. 162. pavidus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 142. Zodlogy. SHy FieLtp Mouse. Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Tail long, ears large, colors dark. Skull with very broad braincase, mastoid width being apparently the greatest; rostrum long and rather slender, its greatest width being less than the least interorbital width, the palatine foramina broad, their posterior ends just reaching the anterior line of the first premolar. Skulls of all the specimens are badly broken. Somewhat similar to P. gratus in color, but larger in all its dimensions. Color. Upper parts mixed buff and brownish black, palest on hind neck; orbital ring black; lateral line from lip to rump ochraceous buff, sides buff; under parts white, tinged with buff on chest; arms buff; legs and ankles dusky; hands and feet white; tail above blackish or brownish black, beneath white; ears brown. Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebrz, 130; hind foot, 23. 163. madrensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1 1898, p. 16. Marta Mapre Istanp Mouse. Type locality. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico. ’ 198 PEROMYSCUS, Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large, tail long; similar to P. spicilegus, but larger. No superciliary ridges on skull. Color. Above and on sides pale ochraceous buff, dorsal region darkest; under parts white with salmon spot on breast; tail above and tip dark, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebrz, 119; hind foot, 26. 164. eva (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., I, 1898, p. 44. Eve’s Mouse. Type locality. San José del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Cape region of Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; tail long. Color. Above sandy rufous, lined with black on dorsal region; sides rufous; under parts white, base of hairs slate; hands and feet silvery white; ankles dusky; tail above brown, paler beneath; ear pale brown. Measurements. Total length, 196-216; tail vertebrae, 108-128; hind foot, 21; ear, 17. Skull: ‘“‘basal length, 20.3; basilar length, 18.8; greatest breadth, 12.8; length of nasals, 9.6; interorbital con- striction, 4; interparietal, 3.7 x 9; width of braincase at squamosals, 11.7; palate, length from henselion, 10; diastema, 6.6; palatal foram- ina, 4.8 2.1; upper molar series, 3.6.”’ 165. nudipes (Hesperomys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., [8Ok, p. 223. La CARPINTERA FIELD MOUSE. Type locality. La Carpintera, Costa Rica. Genl. Char. Ears, tail, and feet naked, the first very large. Skull has rostrum very narrow, lengthened. Color. Above dark brown, hairs tipped with rufous; sides deeper rufous; nose grayish; dusky spot at base of whiskers, and another in front of eye; under parts grayish white, breast crossed by a band of pale chestnut; hands and feet naked, flesh color; tail naked, grayish brown, paler at tip. Measurements. Total length, 230.9; tail, 139.7; hind foot, 28.5; ear from crown, 20.3. Skull: total length, 36.9; basal length, 31.2; greatest breadth, 16.5; length of nasals, 14.5; length of mandible, 22.4; height at condyle, 7.9; length of upper molar series, 5.1. 166. merriami (Peromyscus), Mearns, Proc. U. 5S. Nat. Mus., 1896, Dp. De. Sonoyta Desert Mouse. Type locality. Sonoyta, on Sonoyta River, State of Sonora, Mexico. t PEROMYSCUS. WEIS) Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico; extent of range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar in color to P. eremicus; soles bare; ears naked; tail long and scantily haired. Color. Above pale yellowish gray mixed with black; cheeks, outer side of arms, and sides pale fulvous or cinnamon; under parts white with buff spot on chest; hands and feet white; tail above little darker than back, beneath paler. Measurements. ‘Total length, 217; tail vertebre, 113; hind foot, 23. 167. hemionotis (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, Egos, p, 157. Zoology. MULE-EARED MOUSE. Type locality. Rosarito Divide, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar in color to P. stephenst; ears enormous; tail very long. Color. Nose and tufts in front of ears dark gray; top of head and upper parts cream buff finely lined with black; bright ochraceous lateral line from lips to root of tail; under parts pure white, base of hairs plumbeous showing through; hands and feet white; tail above brownish black, beneath white; ears dark brown. Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebrae, 126; hind foot, 22.5; ear, 25.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27; Hensel, 20.3; zygo- matic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4.5; breadth of braincase, 13; palatal arch to alveoli of incisors, 10.5; length of nasals, 10; greatest breadth of rostrum, 4; length of upper tooth row, 4; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisors, 11. 168. gaurus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, TOO, p. 157. Zoology. Frisky Mouse. Type locality. San Antonio, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large, tail very long, colors pale. Skull with broad braincase; nasals long; interorbital space broad. Color. Above ochraceous buff, finely lined with black; deepest and brightest on lower back and rump, becoming grayish cream buff; lined with black on upper back and top of head and nose, cheeks, sides, thighs, and upper parts of arms, legs, and entire under parts pure white, the plumbeous under fur showing through; hands and feet white; tail above dark wood brown, beneath cream color; ears blackish brown. Measurements. “Total length, 222; tail vertebra, 122; hind foot, 22; ear, 20. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27; Hensel. 21; zygomatic 200 PEROMYSCUS. width, 14; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 9; palatal length, 11; postpalatal length, 9; greatest breadth of rostrum, 4; length of mandible, 11; height at coronoid process, 7. 169. homochroia (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., Ill, 1903, py 158. ‘Zoology. SAN QUENTIN MOUSE. Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar in color to P. gaurus, but smaller; tail shorter, and black above instead of wood brown; ears comparatively longer. Skull is shorter, braincase narrower, nasals shorter and more pointed interorbital constriction greater, pterygoids and palate narrower. Color. Above similar to P. gaurus, beneath white with buff patch on chest between arms; sides ochraceous; hands and feet white; tail above black with apical third black all round, beneath whitish; in some specimens the tail is black above and beneath; ears brownish black. Measurements. Total length, 185; tail vertebra, 100; hind foot, 20; ears, 21.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24.2; Hensel, 18; zygo- matic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 3.8; width of braincase, 6.6; length of nasals, 6.5; palatal length, 9; postpalatal length, 8.2; greatest breadth of rostrum, 3; length of mandible, ro. 170. oresterus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 159. Zodlogy. MountTAIn MOusE. Type locality. Vallecitos, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico, 9,000 feet elevation. Genl. Char. Color pale; tail medium; skull with braincase and nasals broad; rostrum heavy. Color. Upper parts pinkish buff, lined with black on top of head and dorsal region; line from nose to below the eye; shoulders and upper part of sides of body pinkish buff; end of nose, lips, cheeks, lower parts of sides of body, and entire under parts pure white; base of fur plumbeous; tail above dusky, sides and beneath white; hands and feet white; ears brownish black with tufts of creamy buff hairs on basal half. Measurements. Total length, 201; tail vertebra, 96; hind foot, 21; ear, 20.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygo- matic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 9; breadth of rostrum, 4; palatal length, 10; postpalatal length, 7; width of braincase, II. 171. leucurus (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., 1894, p. 364. PEROMYSCUS, 201 WHITE-TAILED MOUSE. Type locality. Tehuantepec, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico. Genl. Char. Size about that of P. calsfornicus; ears large; tail long, distal half white. Color. Above cinereous gray lined with black; under parts white; hands and feet white; tail, proximal half brown, distal half white; ears blackish brown. Measurements. Total length, 260; tail, 142; hind foot, 25.5; ear from notch, 17.5. Skull: greatest length, 30.3; greatest breadth, 15; length of nasals, 11.2; breadth of nasals, 3.4; interorbital constriction, 5.1; interparietal breadth, 10; interparietal length, 3.9; palatal length, 11.9; length of upper molar series, 4.5; length of mandible, condyle to tip of incisor, 18.2; height of coronoid process, 7.4. a.—sadovi (Peromyscus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., Ml 1009, p: 4164. Gapow’s Mouse. Type locality. San Carlos, Yautepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 2,250 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to P. leucurus, color darker, ears larger. Color. Upper parts pale brown tinged with buff; sides like back; under parts soiled grayish; chin white; hands and feet white; tail black above and at tip, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 265; tail, 150; hind foot, 27.6; ear, 25. Skull: greatest length, 31.5; basilar length, 24; zygomatic breadth, 4.2; breadth of braincase, 14; interparietal, 4.211.5; palatal length, 12.5; palatal foramina, 6.62.6; length of upper molar series, 4.7. 172. melanophrys (Hesperomys), Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. ri £574, 0. Ler. BLACK-BROWED Mouse. Type locality. Santa Efigenia, Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico, Tehuacan and Tehuantepec, States of Puebla and Oaxaca. Genl. Char. Size large; tail longer than head and body; ears large. Skull: palate ending opposite last molars. Color. Above gray, tinged with fulvous, darker on dorsal line; sides fulvous; head gray; orbital ring black; under parts pure white; hairs at base plumbeous; hands and feet white; tail above like the back, beneath gray. Measurements. Total length, 245; tail vertebrae, 135; hind foot, 202 PEROMYSCUS. 26; ear above notch, 19.4. (ex Type.) Skull: total length, 30; width, 17. a.—zamore (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1904, p. 65. ZAMORA MOUSE. Type locality. Zamora, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanophrys; tawny band across pectoral region. Color. Like P. melanophrys, but darker; tawny pectoral band; tail above black. Measurements. Total length, 260; tail vertebre, 141; hind foot, 29. Skull: adults, greatest length, 31.3-32; Hensel, 25—25.9; zygo- matic width, 16.5—-16.9; length of nasals, 12-12; length of upper molar series, 4.7—4.8. b.—consobrinus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu, 1904, p. 66. KINDRED MOUSE. Type locality. Berriozabal, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanophrys, but tail shorter. Skull with larger audital bulla; shorter and broader nasals; brain case more bulging. Color. Upper parts and sides tawny ochraceous thickly lined with black; lateral line tawny; orbital ring black; sides of face grayish; pectoral spot tawny; under parts creamy white; tail white beneath; hands and feet creamy white; ankles dusky. Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebre, 131; hind foot, 26.5. Skull: greatest length, 30.8; Hensel, 25.3; zygomatic width, 16.3; interorbital constriction, 4.9; length of nasals, 11.1; palate, 4.4; length of upper molar series, 4.7. 172a. xenurus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1904, p. 67. Opp-TAILED Mouse. Type locality. Durango, State of Durango, Mexico. Genl. Char. Tail black, with ventral white line; large pectoral spot. Color. Upper parts grayish fawn mixed with black; rump fawn; cheeks mixed fawn and gray; large pectoral spot bright fawn; under parts white; tail black all around, except a narrow white stripe beneath; hind feet dusky brown to base of toes, latter creamy white. Measurements. Total length, 246-248; tail vertebre, 140-142; hind foot, 28. Skull: greatest length, 30; Hensel, 23.8; zygomatic PEROMYSCUS. 203 width, 115.5; interorbital constriction, 4.9; length of nasals, 10.2; length of upper molar series, 4.9. 172b. zelotes (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvii, 1904, p. 67. ENERGETIC MOUSE. Type locality. Querendaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanophrys; tail longer than head and body. Color. “Similar in general to P. melanophrys, but facial region more suffused with tawny and the gray very much reduced; somewhat similar to P. levipes, but paler throughout; no trace of a pectoral Spot.” Measurements. Total length, 218; tail vertebre, 115; hind foot, eg. skull: greatest length, 28.3; Hensel, 21.6; zygomatic width, 14.2; interorbital constriction, 4.9; length of nasals, 10.6; length of upper molar series, 4.6. 173. insignis (Peromyscus), Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1895, p. 33. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 138. SACHEM OR CHIEF MOUSE. Type locality. Dulzura, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Southern California, and Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; tail very long, exceeding head and body. Color. Above light brownish gray, mingled with black; darkest on back, brownest on rump and thighs; flanks ochraceous; hands, feet, and under surface grayish white; tail above sooty, below grayish white. Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebre, 132; hind foot, 26; ear, 23. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29; Hensel, 11; zygomatic width, 9; interorbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 11; palatal length, 11; length of upper molar series, 4. 174. californicus (Mus), Gdimbel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., LOAS, Po 7d. californicus (Peromyscus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 137 CALIFORNIA MOUSE. Type locality. Monterey, Monterey County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, north along the coast of California. Genl. Char. » Size large; tail long; ears large, sparsely haired. Color. Above dark gray mixed with light brown; sides fulvous; under parts grayish buff; tail blackish brown above, whitish below. Measurements. Total length, 265; tail vertebre, 142; hind foot, 204 PEROMYSCUS. 28; ear, 26. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 15; interorbital constriction, 4; width of braincase, 13.2; length of nasals, 10; palatal length, r2. 175. hylocetes (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, L5Q0,-D. 124. Dryap Mouse. Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Altitude 8,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Tail shorter than head and body; size large. Color. Above buffy gray, darkest on dorsal region; sides buffy ochraceous; under parts, lips, and hands whitish; basal part of hind foot, wrists, and ankles dusky; tail above dusky, below white. Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebre, 114; hind foot, 25. 176. lepturus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1898, p. 118. Mount ZEMPOALTEPEC FIELD MOUSE. Type locality. Mount Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 8,200 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico, range unknown. Genl. Char. Size large; tail long as head and body, nearly hair- less; molars large. Color. Above brownish, dorsal area dusky, almost black; cheeks and sides brownish fulvous; orbital ring dusky; under parts white; tail above dusky, paler beneath; hands whitish; wrists, ankles, and hind feet dusky. Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebre, 114; hind foot, 28. (ex Type.) 176a. lophurus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1904, pape. CRESTED-TAILED MOUSE. Type locality. Todos Santos, Guatemala. Genl. Char. Similar to P. lepturus, but smaller and paler; tail long, hairy, penicillate. Color. Upper parts between wood brown and fawn; middle of back dusky; lateral line pale ochraceous buff; under parts white; orbital ring dusky; tail sepia brown, unicolor; hands white; forearm dusky; feet dusky brownish to base of toes, the latter white. Measurements. Average of four adults. Total length, 208; tail vertebre, 105; hind foot, 24.5. Skull: greatest length, 27.5; Hensel, 20.8; zygomatic width, 14.7; interorbital constriction, 4.3; inter- parietal, 10X 4.5; length of nasals, 10; palate, 4; postpalatal length, 9.6; length of upper molar series, 4.7. PEROMYSCUS. 205 176b. simulatus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. Vl, L904, p. 72. Im1ITATOR MOUSE. Type locality. Jico, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Miniature of P. lophurus; tail long, hairy, crested; audital bulle relatively large. Color. Like P. lophurus; tail brown, narrow line of white on under surface. Measurements. Total length, 169; tail vertebre, 87; hind foot, 21; ear from notch, 14.3. Skull: greatest length, 24.4; Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 12.5; interorbital constriction, 4.3; interparietal 8.23; length of nasals, 9; palate, 3.5; postpalatal length, 8; length of upper molar series, 8.9. 177. felipensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11 1898, p. 122. SAN FELIPE FIELD Mouse. Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti- tude, 10,200 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to P. diffictlis, but larger and darker. Color. Above dusky gray, blackish on dorsal region; lips, sides of nose, under parts, hands, and feet white; flanks grayish brown; spot on breast salmon; orbital ring black; tail above brown, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebrae, 125; hind Toot, 27.5; ’ 177a. amplus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu, 1904, p. 62. CuusBBy Mouse. Type locality. Coixtlahuaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. felepensis, but paler. Color. Upper parts clay color, being a mixture of ochraceous buff and dusky; lateral line ochraceous buff; forehead and orbital region grayish; under parts creamy white; pectoral spot ochraceous buff; tail above dusky brownish, beneath white; hands and feet white; ankles dusky. Measurements. Average of ten adults: total length, 248 (235— 260); tail vertebra, 136 (128-145); hind foot, 27 (26-28). Skull of type: zygomatic width, 10.4; interorbital constriction, 4.5; interpa- rietal, 10.4%X3.7;, length of nasals, 11.3; palate, 4.6; postpalatal length, 10.2; upper molar series, 4.8. 206 PEROMYSCUS. 178. tehuantepecus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x, 1898, p. 122. TEHUANTEPEC FIELD Mouse. Type locality. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range undetermined. Genl. Char. Size medium; similar to P. mexicanus, but paler. Color. Above pale fulvous lined with black, darkest on back; cheeks and sides buffy fulvous; under parts whitish, with a salmon pectoral spot, and sometimes tinged with buff; tail dusky, sides orange chrome; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 243; tail vertebre, 124; hind foot, 26. 179. oaxacensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu, 1898, p. 122. Oaxaca FIELD MOUSE. Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti- tude, 10,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; limits of range unknown. Genl, Char. Size medium; tail long. Skull similar to that of P. mexicanus, but bulla larger, and first lower molar with a “‘supple- mentary enamel loop on outer side in front of posterior cusp.”’ Color. Upper parts fulvous, darkest on dorsal region; orbital ring dusky; cheeks and sides cinnamon rufous; under parts and hands white; feet white, their basal portion dusky; tail above dusky, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 242; tail vertebra, 122; hind faot, 27. 180. comptus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, rS598,.p.. 120. CHILPANCINGO Mouse. Type locality. Mountains near Chilpancingo, State of Guerero, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Guerero, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Size large; similar to P. auritus, but more fulvous; tail long. Color. Upper parts golden fulvous lined with black, dorsal region darkest; orbital ring blackish; under parts white, some speci- mens tinged with yellowish; wrists and ankles dusky; tail dusky above, whitish beneath; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 285; tail vertebrae, 150; hind foot, 31. PEROMYSCUS, 207 181. mexicanus (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodél., 1860, 2me per., p, 103, pl. 1x figs. ia. Mexican Mouse. Type locality. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; ears large, longer than wide; tail long. Color. Above dark brownish mouse gray; silvery shade on back; flanks yellowish gray; cheeks rusty gray; lips and chin yellowish gray; under parts grayish white, with a yellow wash on breast; hands white; hind feet brown; toes white; tail black above, white beneath. Measurements. Total length, 180; tail vertebra, 78; hind foot, 26. a.—teapensis (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvii, 1904, p. 69. Teapa Mouse. Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. m. totontepecus, but sides brighter. Color. Dorsal region blackish; sides chestnut; orbital ring black; under parts creamy white; pectoral spot often present; tail black, with a few yellowish white spots beneath; hands white; feet white, witha dusky area from ankles nearly to base of toes. Measurements. Total length, 234-254; tail vertebrae, 121-136; hind foot, 27-28.5. Skull: greatest length, 33; Hensel, 24.6; zygo- matic width, 16.2; length of nasals, 12.7; interorbital constriction, 5.4; palate, 4.7; postpalatal length, 11.9; length of upper molar series, 4.5. b.—orizabe (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, Oot. OrIZABA Firtp Mouse. Type locality. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 4,200 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to P. mexicanus, but larger; tail and hind feet longer. Color. Top of head and upper parts dark seal brown; sides and cheeks chestnut fulvous; orbital ring and nose dusky; lips, under parts, wrists, and hands white; salmon tinge on breast; hind feet basally dusky, rest whitish; tail above dusky, beneath yellowish white. Measurements. Total length, 257; tail vertebra, 139; hind foot, 29.5. c.—saxatilis (Peomyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, Oe miee e 208 PEROMYSCUS. Rock Mouse. Type locality. Jacaltenango, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Geogr. Distr. Guatemala; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to P. mexicanus; paler. Color. Above grayish fulvous, lined with black; dorsal area dark, almost black; sides fulvous; lips, wrists, hands, feet, and under parts white; ankles dusky; orbital ring blackish; cheeks pale fulvous; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 245.5; tail vertebre, 127.5; hind £O0b, 27.5, d.—totontepecws (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 120. ToTONTEPEC FIELD MOUSE. Type locality. Totontepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 6,500 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to P. mexicanus, but larger and darker. Color. Above dusky brown; black on dorsal region; sides and cheeks fulvous brown; under parts whitish, with sometimes a salmon patch on breast; tail above dusky, yellowish white below; hands whitish; ankles and basal portions of hind feet dusky. Measurements. Total length, 261; tail vertebre, 136; hind foot, 28. 18la. allophylus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, p. 71. ALIEN MOUSE. Type locality. Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Tail shorter than head and body; tail scaly as in Oryzomys; proximal soles of hind feet finely haired. Color. Dorsal area blackish brown; sides mummy brown; under parts yellowish white; slate of under fur showing; orbital ring and antorbital spot black; tail unicolor, dusky blackish; hands and feet whitish; ankles dusky. Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebre, 95; hind foot, 25. Skull: greatest length, 29.8; Hensel, 22.5; zygomatic width, 14.5; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 11; palate, 4; post- palatal length, 10.5; length of upper molar series, 4. 182. furvus (Peromyscus), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat, Hist., 2897, 8. 261. JaLvapA Fretp MOovusE. Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. PEROMYSCUS. 209 Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Skull large, strong; .rostrum broad, inflated ante- riorly, bell-shaped; nasals pointed posteriorly and extending beyond the intermaxille; palate with slightly upturned posterior border; anterior palatine foramina very broad. Color. Above dark brown, washed with grayish, blackish on dorsal line; inclined to reddish on sides; under parts and hind feet grayish white; fore feet white; rufous patch on breast; ears and tail dark brown, naked; tip of tail sometimes whitish. Measurements. Total length, 248-282; tail vertebre, 123-145; hind foot, 26-29; ear, 20-23. Skull: total length, 35; basal length, 29; zygomatic width, 16.7; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 8; length of upper tooth row, 5. (ex Type.) 183, zarhynchus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 117. LoNG-NOSED Mouse. Type locality. Tumbala, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico; limit of range unknown. Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; tail long, naked; hind feet long. Skull: rostrum elongated, bulle small; interparietal narrow. Color. Above dusky with a chestnut tinge; flanks seal brown or chestnut; under parts buff, with a chestnut tinge on breast, extend- ing in some specimens over the belly; tail above dusky, beneath yellowish white; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 324; tail vertebre, 176; hind foot, 35: a.—cristobalensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., KM. LOOS, P.LL aR SAN CRISTOBAL FIELD MOUSE. Type locahity. San Cristobal, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to P. zarhynchus, but lighter and more rufous. Color. Above dusky brown and fulvous mixed, darkest on dorsal line; cheeks and sides fulvous; under parts whitish, with chest tinged with chestnut; tail dusky above, yellowish white beneath; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 322; tail vertebre, 170; hind foot, 34. 184. auritus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. TO. 210 PEROMYSCUS. LARGE-EARED FIELD MOUSE. Type locality. Mountains west of Oaxaca City, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; limits of range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to P. megalops; ears and bulle larger. Color. Above grayish brown, back blackish; cheeks and sides washed with fulvous; under parts whitish; hands and feet whitish; wrists and ankles dusky; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 288; tail vertebra, 148; hind foot, 30. 185. megalops (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 119. OzoLoTEPEec FiELpD Mouse. Type locality. Mountains near Ozolotepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Size large; ears short; tail long. Color. Above mixed fulvous and black, darkest between ears and on dorsal region; cheeks and sides of body salmon fulvous; under parts whitish, breast tinged with salmon fulvous; hands white; wrists, ankles, and hind feet dusky. Measurements. Total length, 282; tail vertebre, 150; hind foot, gilt 185a. melanocarpus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVII, 1904, p. 73. BLACK-FOOTED MOUSE. Type locality. Mount Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 8,000 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to P. megalops, but smaller and darker; hands blackish to digits. Color. Upper parts blackish and mummy brown, darkest on middle of back; under parts blackish slate, washed with creamy white; pectoral region cinnamon rufous; black line from _ nostril through eye; tail blackish, slightly paler on under side; hands and feet dusky brownish to base of toes. Measurements. Total length, 241; tail vertebre, 125; hind foot, 27. Skull: greatest length, 31.6; Hensel, 24.3; zygomatic width, ts.2; length of nasals, 12; interorbital constriction, 5.4; length of upper molar series, 5. : 185b. altilaneus (Peromyscus), Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XvI, 1904, Pp. 74. PEROMYSCUS. 211 Fiurry Mouse. Type locality. Todos Santos, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,000 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to P. melanocarpus, but smaller and with a shorter and less hairy tail; hands white. Color. Like P. melanocarpus; tail blotched with yellowish white on under side; hands and part of forearm white; hind foot with V-shaped dusky mark from ankle half-way to base of toes; rest of foot white; pectoral spot strongly developed. Measurements. Total length, 228; tail vertebre, 115; hind foot, 28. Skull: greatest length, 31; Hensel, 24; zygomatic width, 14.6; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 11.5; palate, 4.8; post- palatal length, 11.2; length of upper molar series, 4.6. 186. guatemalensis (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xi, THOS, P.Lrss Topvos Santos Mouse. Type locahty. Todos Santos, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala; range unknown. Genl. Char. Size large; tail long, hairs scanty; fur long, soft. Color. Above mixed dusky and grayish, blackish on dorsal region; indistinct line from nose to ear; flanks brownish fulvous, as are also the cheeks; salmon fulvous patch on breast; under parts and hands white; hind feet dusky, then white; wrists and ankles blackish; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 273; tail vertebrz, 141; hind foot, 31. (exType.) Skull: zygomatic width, 16.5; interorbital constric- tion, 5; length of nasals, 14.5; palatal length, 14; length of upper tooth row, 4; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 15; height at coronoid process, 6.2; length of lower tooth row, 5. 187. cacabatus (Peromyscus), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., RRIE,LGO2, p> 20: Sooty Mouse. Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 5,000 feet. Genl. Char. Allied to P. guatemalensts, but paler and with a shorter tail. Color. Dorsal region sooty; sides brownish grading into dull orange buff on lower sides; sides of nose buffy white; top of nose and orbital ring black; under parts varying from dull grayish white to pinkish buff; pectoral collar orange buff; feet and hands white; tail above dusky, beneath pale yellowish gray; ear dusky. 212 PEROMYSCUS, MEGADONTOMYS. Measurements. Total length, 252-270; tail vertebra, 120-135; hind foot, 25-27; ear, 20-21. Skull: basal length, 28.8; occipito- nasal length, 32.4; zygomatic width, 15.6; mastoid width, 13.6; length of nasals, 13; width of nasals, 3.4; length of palatal slits, 6.2; width of palatal slits, 3.2; length of palate to palatal notch, 12.8; to end of pterygoid, 19; length of upper molar series, 5; length of single half mandible, 17.4. (Bangs, 1. c.) 188. mecisturus (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, 1898, p. 124. GREAT-TAILED MOUSE. Type locality. Chalchicomula, State of Puebla, Mexico. Alti- tude, 8,400 feet. Geogr, Distr. State of Puebla, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; tail very long; ears large. Color. Above anteriorly gray lined with black, and suffused with fulvous; rump pale fulvous; orbital ring dusky; chin whitish; under parts whitish buff; breast buffy; wrists dusky; hands white; sides of ankles, and the toes white; tail above dusky, paler beneath. Measurements. Total length, 249; tail vertebra, 155; hind foot, 24. 43. Megadontomys. = 10. La; a > ‘ *” As ws rd Megadontomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 115. Type Megadontomys thomast Merriam. Size large; ears and tail long, scantily haired; pelage long, soft, and very dense. Skull similar in general to that of Peromyscus, but very large and massive; rostrum and nasals much produced, the latter expanded anteriorly and projecting far beyond incisors. Molars very large and heavy, with short tubercles which wear off when the animal is still young, leaving flat crowns; first and second lower molars with a supplementary narrow enamel loop on each side; third lower molar with three salient and two reéntrant angles on each side. Plantar tubercles, 7; Mamme, 6; pectoral —, inguinal (Merriam, 1. c.) REY TO rE) SPE Cles, PAGE A. Above mixed fulvous and black.............. M. thomast 213 B. Above grayish brows \... :«eueeeaen ee ee eee M. nelsont 214 C. Above brownish cininamon,. 49. cc ues) cae VM. flavidus 214 MEGADONTOMYS, FiG. 34. MEGADONTOMYS THOMASI. No, 7o144 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. ‘Twice nat, si e UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW enlarged 7 times, enlarged 7 times 189, thomasi (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. L505, 9) 5 1, 10lo Fe THOMAS’ GUERRERO FigeLp Mouse. [ype locality. Mountains near Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Altitude, 9,700 Ieet. Geogr. Distr. State of Guerrero, Mexico: Genl, Char. Size large; tail very naked. range unknown long; ears large, both nearly Color. Above fulvous, mixed with black on back: beneath white; breast sometimes tinged with vellowish buff; orbital ring 214 MEGADONTOMYS. — NYCTOMYS. blackish; hands and feet white; tail above dusky, almost black, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 350; tail vertebre, 188; hind foot, 34. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 65; Hensel, 54; zygomatic width, 2; interorbital constriction, 9; length of nasals, 26; palatal length, 33.5; length of upper tooth row, 11. 190. nelsoni (Peromyscus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, DB. erGs Netson’s FieLD Mouse. Type locality. Jico, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico: Altinade 6,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to M. thomast, but darker. Color. Above and sides grayish brown, darkest on dorsal region; under parts white; tail dusky; hands white; hind feet dusky. Measurements. Total length, 302; tail vertebrae, 172; hind foot, 35° 191. flavidus (Megadontomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Ss 1002. a7: BoguETE MOUSE. Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000 feet. Genl. Char. Braincase rounded and elevated; palatal slits very wide; audital bullz small; ears small. Color. Above brownish cinnamon, inclined to rusty on the rump; sides orange buff; black patch at base of whiskers; under parts white; pectoral collar buffy; hands and feet whitish; tail above dusky, beneath grayish; ears dusky inside, silvery outside. Measurements. Total length, 320-375; tail vertebrae, 155-205; hind foot, 31-33; ear, 20-24. Skull: basal length, 35.4; occipito- nasal length, 40.2; zygomatic width, 19.6; mastoid width, 15; length of nasals, 17.8; width of nasals, 4.8: length of palatal slits, 7.4; width of palatal slits, 3.4; length of palate to palatal notch, 17; to end of pterygoid, 24.4; length of upper molar series, 5.6; length of single half mandible, 21.8. (Bangs, l. c.) 44. Nyectomys. Vesper Rats. = M2 = 16. *"I—1? Nyctomys Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér., 1860, p. 106. Type Hesperomys sumichrastt Saussure. Myoxomys Tomes, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1861, p. 284, pl. XxXI. NYCTOMYS. 215 Muzzle short; ears not hidden in fur, which is short and fine; feet short, broad; tail as long as body, hairy. Skull: rostrum very slender, short braincase and zygomata expanded; orbital space broad and a well-developed supraorbital crest; antorbital foramen large, opening forwards; palate only reaching to the forward margin of molar series: palatal slits short; mamme four. Fic. 35. NyYCTOMYS SUMICHRASTI. No. 12204 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW Enlarged 8 times. Enlarged 8 times, NEY LO MH SPE Giles: PAGE A. Upper parts isabella or pale orange......... N. sumichrastt 216 B. Upper parts"meownish isabelline..............1 N. decolorus 216 C. Upper parts yellowish cinnamon.............1 NV. nitellinus 216 216 NYCTOMYS. 192. sumichrasti (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér., 1860, Pp. 07, pl..g; He: 2. SUMICHRAST’S VESPER Rat. Type locality. ‘‘Habite le versant oriental de la Cordiliére,”’ State of Vera Cruz, ? Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Eastern Mexico, State of Vera Cruz to Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Genl. Char. Ears long, higher than wide; nose pointed; hind feet short. Color. Upper parts isabella or pale orange, clearer on flanks; under parts, chin, and lower jaw on side of face pure white; tail brownish red; feet pale yellowish brown. Measurements. Total length, 230; tail, 106; hind foot, 23. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 58; Hensel, 49; zygomatic width, 30.5; inter- orbital constriction, 1o; length of nasals, 16; palatal length, 25; length of upper molar series, 10. 193. decolorus (Siztomys), True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1894, p. 689. FapED VESPER Rat. Type locality. Rio de las Piedras, Honduras. Geogr. Distr. Tehuantepec, Mexico, into Honduras, Central America. Genl. Char. Similar to R. sumichrasti, but paler, tail shorter; ear naked, prominent; soles naked; tail covered with long hairs. Color. Above brownish isabelline, middle of back washed with gray; under parts and cheeks white; orbital ring dark brown; tail chocolate brown; hands like back, feet dusky, toes whitish; ears chocolate brown. Measurements. Total length, 193; tail vertebrae, 85; hind foot, 23; ear, 14. 194. nitellinus (Nyctomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6él., xxx1x, 1902, p. 30. BoguETE VESPER Rat. Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to R. decolorus, but larger and darker. Color. Above yellowish cinnamon, dorsal region darker; lower sides shaded with orange buff; orbital ring, and space between eyes and nose black; under parts white; tail blackish, unicolor; hands white; feet, toes, and sides of tarsus white; middle of tarsus dark brown; ears dusky. NYCTOMYS. TYLOMYS. 217 Measurements. Total length, 250-260; tail vertebre, 120-125; hind foot, 25; ear, 17. Skull: basal length, 28; occipito-nasal length, 32.4; zygomatic width, 18; mastoid width, 13; interorbital width, 11; length of nasals, 10.6; width of nasals, 3.2; length of palatal slits, 4.6; width of palatal slits, 2.2; length of palate to palatal notch, 12.4; length of upper molar series, 4.8; length of single half mandible, res, (Bangs, |. c.) 45. Tylomys. IL—; i 1G, I—1” Tylomys Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1866, p. 404. Type Hesperomys nudicaudus Peters. “Ears rather large, naked; tail and soles of feet naked. Skull with no raised supraorbital ridges, but with a broad horizontal edge over orbits; antorbital foramen not visible from above.’’ Ren VO rear Glib se A. Broad horizontal edge above orbits; ears large, naked; tail long. PAGE Meer PALS LETTUSINEOUS «04.0. 6 ee es a T. nudicaudus 217 Meee er parts Cark, STAY 2) seu kpeg es Bee ee T. tumbalensts 218 ©, Upper parts pale gray? Specimen too Hom On be (CMATACTEMIZO Ns vik ee et ee he wa ee LT \oullaris 210 d. Upper parts rufous fawn and black.......... T. watsont 219 e€. Upper parts mouse color and black....... TI. panamensis 219 195. nudicaudus (Hesperomys), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1866, p. 404, pl. 1, figs. 1-4. NAKED-TAILED Rat. Type locality. Guatemala. Geogr. Distr. Southeastern Mexico (State of Chiapas), into Guatemala. Color. Upper parts ferrugineous, base of hairs plumbeous, under parts white; tail naked, basal half black, remainder yellow; hands and feet dusky. Measurements. Total length, 403.75; tail, 207.5. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 46; Hensel, 38; zygomatic width, 24; interorbital con- striction, 8.6; length of nasals, 14.8; palatal length, 19.3; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 35; length of upper tooth row, 8.6. . 218 TYLOMYS. Fic. 36. TYLOMYS NUDICAUDUS. No. 77919 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged '. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 6 times. UprER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 6 times, 196. tumbalensis (Tylomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., II, ILQOIL, Pp. 500. TUMBALA RAT. [ype locality. Tumbala, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Stat Char. Size large; ears large, naked; tail long. but more slender and weaker; molar e of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Skull simi- lar to that of T. nudicaudus, series large. TYLOMYS. 219 Color. Above dark gray, blackish on posterior half; orbital ring dusky; chin, breast, and patch between hind legs white; throat and belly plumbeous tinged with fulvous; hands and feet dark brown; tail blackish above on basal half, yellow on remainder. Measurements. Total length, 448; tail vertebra, 234; hind foot, 46. 197. bullaris (Tylomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111, 1901, eso, TORTLA Rat. Type locality. Tuxtla, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Unique specimen too young for reliable characters. Color. ‘Similar to the young of 7. nuudicaudus, but grayer; under parts white; upper lip and patch on side of nose whitish; hands brown; hind feet dark brown; toes white. Measurements. Total length juv., 324; tail, 158; hind foot, 37.5. 198. watsoni (Tylomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., Maewoo 7, Pp. 270. Watson’s Rat. Type locality. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 8,000 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to TJ. nuudicaudus, but more rufous; size medium; fur glossy; tail shorter than head and body. Color. Above rufous fawn, lined with blackish; cheeks and sides paler and more gray; space between eyes and ears black; belly and inner side of hind limbs whitish buff; rest of under parts and inner side of fore limbs white; tail dark on basal, white on distal half; toes white. Measurements. Total length, 493; tail, 243; hind foot, 38. Skull: greatest length, 54; Hensel, 42.5; greatest breadth, 26.5; length of nasals, 18; interorbital constriction, 10.5; palatal length from henselion, 22.2; length of upper molar series, 8.4. 199. panamensis (Neomys), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th Ser., Bal To7 3. p42 7. Panama Rat. Type locality. Panama. Geogr. Distr. Panama, Southern Central America. Color. Upper parts mouse color, lined with black; sides paler; throat and under parts and inner side of arms and legs white; tail black, tip white; hands and feet brownish; claws covered with white hairs. Measurements. Total length, 412.5; tail, 200. 220 OTOTYLOMYS. 46. Ototylomys. he - M33 = 16. l BY Ototylomys Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., HI, 1901, p. 561. Type Ototylomys phyllotis Merriam. Rat-like; ears large, thin, and naked; tail long and naked. Skull: superciliary ridge present and reaching to occiput; bulla with axes parallel to that of skull; width and depth equal, and no anterior prolongation; maxillary root of zygoma notched above; anterior open- ing of antorbital vacuity vertical; incisive foramina equal in width at Fic. 37. OTOTYLOMYS PHYLLOTIS. No. 1ro800s U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged %. UprpER TOOTH ROW LOWER TOOTH ROW Enlarged 7 times Enlarged 7 times. OTOTYLOMYS. 221 both ends; mandible with angle excavated posteriorly, a backward pro- jecting point; infracondyloid notch long and deep; coronoid process minute; postcoronoid notch flat, nearly horizontal. (ex Merr., 1. c.) GING IMO) hese, 7s) ed BS INI Sy A. Ears very large; tail long as head and body, naked, scaly. a. Above grayish or fulvous brown. PAGE a. saize larce: back uniform in color... ..... ., O. phyllotts 221 b.’ Size smaller; back varying in color........ O. p. pheus 221 200. phyllotis (Ototylomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111, Toor, p. 562. TunKas Rat. Type locahity. Tunkas, Yucatan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to Tylomys in appearance; characters those of the genus. Color. Above grayish or fulvous brown, sometimes mixed with black-tipped hairs; under parts and inner sides of legs white; cheeks and about eyes fulvous; tail above brownish dusky, beneath yellowish; hands and feet whitish; wrists and ankles dark; ears flesh color at base, rest black. Measurements. Total length, 303; tail, 148; hind foot, 28. (ex Type.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 39; Hensel, 31.8; zygomatic width, 24.3; interorbital constriction, 5.6; length of nasals, 14; palatal length, 15.6; length of upper molar series, 5.3; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 18.6. a.—pheus (Ototylomys), Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., I11, 1gor, D. 503. APAZOTE Rat. Type locality. Apazote,near Yohaltun, State of Campeche, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to O. phyllotis, but smaller; tail shorter; colors darker. Color. Above dark grayish brown, mixed with black, hinder part of dorsal region dusky; anterior part of back and sides grayish brown, tinged with fulvous; arms white; legs grayish brown; hands and feet white; tail dark brown above, yellow beneath; ears flesh color at base, rest black. Measurements. Total length, 266; tail, 136; hind foot, 26.5. (ex Type.) The Genus *Hotocuiuus introduced here by Miller and Rehn, Syst. Res. N. Am. Mamm., 1902, p. 89, to follow TyLomys, has no species north of the Isthmus of Panama, and H. pilorides, Pallas, is a native of the island of Ceylon. 222 SIGMODON. SIGMODON contains the well-known Cotton Rats of the Southern States and Mexico. They have a coarse, grizzled coat, harsh in feel- ing, and a bicolor tail. There is a very close general resemblance between the longest known species, S. jispidus, and the several races that have been separated from it, and they are not always easy to be distinguished, especially if the locality of a specimen is unknown. They are rather short, thickset animals, about half the size of a fully grown house rat, and are often found in large colonies in the localities they frequent. 4%. Sigmodon. Cotton Rats. l=; M=_= 16. I—l? 33 V. Bailey. Synopsis of North America Species of Sigmodon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1902, pp. 101-116. Sigmodon Say & Ord, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1825, p. 352, pl. xxl, figs. 5-8. Skull short and wide, length less than twice the zygomatic width; rostrum short, swollen; superior outline of skull arched; pointed process of lamellar plate of maxillary nearly dividing the lower part of the antorbital foramen from the upper; an azygos median process on palatal arch; prominent bead on the supraorbital border extending obliquely backwards to occiput; audital bullae small; upper molars three-rooted; front lower molar four-rooted; second and third lower molars three-rooted; sometimes minute accessory fangs are present; upper molars with two reéntrant folds; the front one has two similar interior folds, the others only one each; front lower molar has two exterior and three interior reéntrant folds; the last two lower molars have generally but one reéntrant lobe on each exterior and interior side; pelage coarse, bristly; form stout; tail generally shorter than the body; ears large; front feet small; hind feet very long, soles naked. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPEGIES. A. Tail nearly bare. a. Size small; hind foot less than 32 mm. PAGE a.’ Under parts grayish or buffy white. a.’ Above dull tawny soy cee. om ce cea b.” Above yellowish brown and _ black, tinged. with chestnut... ...........<. 5. boruaa | iam c.’’ Above deep yellowish brown......< S.h. chiriquensts 225 d.’’ Above dark reddish brown. rr a. Beneath cinnamon brown........S. h. saturatus 225 SIGMODON. Fic. 38. SIGMODON H. BORUCZ. No. 10050 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Twice nat. size. UpPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW Enlarged 7 times, Enlarged 7 times. . spemeathiochraceous.: .... 4. \s.es ok S. h. furvus e.”” Above mixed yellowish and _ black, MOucINCRmIIE TINGE. Se Pde eeu ..5.h. toltecus ®.” Above dark dull brown...... .....9. kh. microdon Pre NDAmCOtay OEOWIL s.. apes el od OE a es S. h. batleyt b. Size large; hind foot 32 mm. or more. a.’ Under parts white. a.’ Above pale cinnamon brown......S. h. mascotensis bo to 204 SIGMODON. PAGE b:” Above yellowish oray sc. cee eas S. h. eremicus 227 c.”” Above buffy gray and black... .%.: S. h. berlandiert 227 d.’’ Above light yellowish brown......... S.h. artzone 228 e.”” Above light. brownish’ gray...) ....-s... S.h. major 228 b.” Under parts: creamy white... 2.22... < S. h. tonalensis 229 c.’ Under parts ‘grayish whites.) o.o2en<: S. h. inexoratus 229 B. Tail well haired. a. Size small; hind foot less than 30 mm. a.’ Under parts pale buff; above mixed brown, ‘eray, cade: black: Uo Ase. ce ere S. minimus 230 b.’ Under parts white or whitish. a." Above dull brownishssray. cts. 4.72 eee S. leucotis 230 b.”” Above yellowish gray, tinged with OCGHSACEOUS! oc. eee eerste eee ie S. ochrognathus 230 c.’ Under parts pale cinnamon. a.’ Above dark ochraceous, or light tamer Drowns us one he ok b ebaeio ey eee S. alticola 231 b:’* Above dull tawieysdray on cctv. ees S..a. amoles 23a b. Size large; hind foot over 30 mm. ax (Under parts: White, axenic a sash see S. austerulus 231 b.’ Under parts ochraceous buff............S. fulvivenier 232 ce.’ Under parts dark rusty ochraceous.......S. melanotis 232 201. alleni (Sigmodom), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1902, p. 112. ALLEN’s Cotton Rat. Type locality. San Sebastian, Mascota, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Western part of State of Jalisco, and southern part of Province of Tepic, Mexico. Genl. Char. Hands, feet, and tail slender; colors bright. Color. Above dull tawny; beneath white or buffy; hands and feet yellowish brown; tail above black, beneath brownish. Measurements. ‘‘Average of 8 adults: total length, 244; tail, 112; hind foot, 31.6. Skull of type: basal length, 29.3; nasals, 13; zygomatic breadth, 19.3; mastoid breadth, 13; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.4."’ (Bailey, 1. c.) hispidus boruce. boruce (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 40. Boruca Cotton Rat. Type locality. Boruca, Costa Rica. Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America. Color. Above yellowish brown, tinged with chestnut and lined with black, paler on the sides; under parts grayish white; limbs like stad SIGMODON. 225 the body; feet grayish brown; tail naked, blackish above, paler beneath. Measurements. Total length, 275; tail, 115; hind foot, 30. Skull: basal length, 29; zygomatic breadth, 18; length of nasals, 12; length of upper tooth row, 5.5. hispidus chiriquensis. boruce chiriquensis (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., TOO4. Pp. 66. BoOQUERON CoTTOoN Rat. Type locality. Boqueron, Chiriqui, Panama. Genl. Char. Similar to S. h. saturatus, but bulla more pyriform and postpalatal opening much broader. Color. Like S.h. boruce but darker; upper parts dark yellowish brown varied with black; under parts buffy; nose and sides of upper lip ochraceous buff. Measurements. Total length, 280; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot, peiear, 20. hispidus saturatus (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1@O2, P: ITI. Teapa Cotton Rat. Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Chiapas, Tabasco, and southern Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size of S. h. berlandier1; tail shorter. Color. Above dark reddish brown; beneath dull cinnamon brown, sometimes whitish; hands and feet yellowish brown; tail above black, lighter below. Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebrae, 103; hind foot, 31.2. Skull of type: basal length, 29.5; nasals, 12.7; zygomatic breadth, 19; mastoid breadth, 13.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6. (Bailey, |. c.) hispidus furvus Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1903, XXXIX, p. 158. Ce1Ba Cotton Rat. Type locality. Ceiba, Honduras. Genl. Char. Similar to S. h. saturatus, but darker. Skull with audital bulla wider and flatter, basioccipital longer and narrower. Color. Upper parts between mummy brown and_ burnt umber, varied with brownish, black-tipped hairs, redder on rump; under parts ochraceous; feet and hands dark brown; tail black, the under side slightly paler; ears blackish. Measurements Total length, 265; tail vertebrae, 105; hind foot, with claw, 32; ear from notch, 18. Skull: basal length, 31.4; 226 SIGMODON. occipito-nasal length, 35.8; zygomatic width, 20.4; length of palate to palatal notch, 16.2; length of upper molar series, 6; length of single half mandible, 20. hispidus toltecus. toltecus (Hesperomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zoél., 2me Sér., 1860, p. 98. TottEec Cotton Rat. Type locality. ‘‘Cordilleras of Vera Cruz,’’ Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, southward to Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Tail rarely equaling head and body; similar to S. hispidus; soles and tail naked. Color. Above mixed black and yellowish brown; flanks paler, the brown color predominating; chin and under parts grayish white; tail bicolor, above blackish, paler beneath; feet grayish brown. Measurements. Total length, 207-235; tail, roo—146; hind foot, 17-28. Skull: basal length, 32; zygomatic breadth, 21; mastoid breadth, 15; length of nasals, 14; length of upper tooth row, 6.7. hispidus microdon (Stgmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, fjOas Pp. ir. SMALL-TOOTHED CoTTON Rat. Type locality. Puerto Morelos, Yucatan. Geogr. Distr. Northern Yucatan, and State of Campeche, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; teeth small; tail short. Color. Above dark dull brown; beneath grayish white or buffy; tail above black, beneath brownish. Measurements. Total length, 243; tail, 96; hind foot, 32. Skull of type: basal length, 28.4; nasals, 12.5; zygomatic breadth, 18; mastoid breadth, 13; alveolar length of upper molar series, 5.5. (Bailey, 1. c.) hispidus baileyi. batleyt (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 601. BaILEY’s Cotton Rat. Type locality. La Cienega de las Vacas, State of Durango, Mexico. Altitude, 8,500 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to S. h. major, but smaller. Color. Upper parts gray brown, sides tinged with buff, with the long hairs tipped with white or black; under parts white, basal part of hairs plumbeous; side of nose ochraceous buff; base of tail suffused with cinnamon buff; feet pale buffy gray; tail blackish brown above, pale buffy gray beneath; ears dark gray. SIGMODON. 227 Measurements. Total length, 198; tail, go; hind foot, 25; ear from notch, 18. Skull: total length, 31.5; Hensel, 27.3; length of nasals, 12.5; zygomatic width, 18.3; mastoid width, 13.3; alveolar length of upper molar series, 5.6. hispidus mascotensis. mascotensis (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, Pp. 54. come Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 55. Mascota Cotton Rat. Type locality. Mineral San Sebastian, Mascota, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Western portion of State of Jalisco to southern part of State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Larger than S. h. berlandiert, tail longer, hind foot, larger. Color. Above cinnamon brown; sides paler; belly white; hands and feet yellowish gray; tail above dark brown, sides and beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 272; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot, 32. Skull: total length, 34.5; basal length, 30.4; zygomatic breadth, 19.5; mastoid breadth, 13.2; interorbital constriction, 4.8; length of nasals, 13.5; length of upper molar series, 6.7. hispiduws eremicus (Sigmodon), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, Pp. 504. WESTERN DeEsERT Cotton Rat. Type locality. Cienega Well, Colorado River, State of Sonora, Mexico, thirty miles south of Monument No. 204, Mexican boun- dary line. Geogr. Distr. Western Desert Tract, Lower Colorado River, State of Sonora, Mexico. Genl. Char. Nasals spatulate at extremity; coloring yellowish instead of grayish. Color. Yellowish gray, the sides and rump tinged with ochra- ceous; under surface white; feet grayish white; tail inclined to black- ish above. Measurements. Total length, 280; tail vertebre, 128; hind foot, 34; ear, 15. Skull: basal length, 30.6; zygomatic breadth, 20.3; mastoid breadth, 14; length of nasals, 13.3; length of upper molar series, 6.6. hispidus berlandieri. berlandiert (Sigmodon), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila., vit, 1355, Da.333: 228 SIGMODON. hispidus pallidus Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898, p. 504. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 145. BERLANDIER’S Cotton Rat. Type locality. Rio Nazas, State of Coahuilla, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Brownsville to El Paso, Texas, and Carlsbad, New Mexico; south to southern part of State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Smaller than S. lispidus texensis; ears larger, color paler. Color. Above buffy gray, mixed with black; under parts white; feet grayish white; tail dusky brownish above, grayish white beneath. Measurements. Total length, 242; tail vertebra, 103; hind foot, 30; ear, 14. Skull: basal length, 30.5; zygomatic breadth, 19; mas- toid breadth, 13.4; length of nasals, 12.3; length of upper molar series, 6.5. hispidus arizone (Sigmodon), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 287. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 144. ARIZONA COTTON Rat. Type locality. Fort Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Arizona into State of Sonora and Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Larger than S. hispidus; ears larger; tail longer, colors paler. Color. Above light yellowish brown, mixed with ashy and lined with black; under parts white; tail dusky above, whitish below. Measurements. Average total length, 320; tail vertebrae, 121; hind foot, 35-36. Skull: total length, 40; zygomatic breadth, 23; length of nasals, 15.9; length of upper molar series, 7.1. hispidws major (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, [902, P- 109. LARGE CoTTon Rat. Type locality. Sierra de Choix, 50 miles northeast of Choix, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Province of Tepic to southern part of State of Sonora, Mexico. Genl. Char. Very large; feet stout. Skull heavily ridged in adults; interparietal strap-shaped, ends rounded; nasals notched posteriorly; audital bull large, elongated. Color. Above light brownish gray; nose yellowish; beneath white; hands and feet light gray; tail above blackish, beneath dark gray. Measurements. Total length, 365; tail, 156; hind foot, 40.5. Skull: basal length, 36; nasals, 16; zygomatic breadth, 23.5; mastoid SIGMODON. 229 breadth, 16.4; alveolar length of upper molar series, 7.3. (Bailey, ec.) hispidus tonalensis (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, TGO2, p.. 109. TonaLaA Cotton Rat. Type locality. Tonala, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Eastern part of State of Oaxaca, into western part of State of Chiapas. Genl. Char. Similar to S. mascotensis, but larger. Color. Above yellowish. brown; beneath creamy white; feet and tail dull brownish gray. Measurements. Total length, 350; tail, 166; hind foot, 41. Skull: basal length, 34.5; nasals, 15; zygomatic breadth, 22; mastoid breadth, 14.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.8. Fic. XXXVIII. SIGMODON H. INEXORATUS. OCOTLAN COTTON Rat. hispidus inexoratus (Sigmodon), Eliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., III, 1903, p. 144. Zodlogy. OcoTLaN CoTTon Rat. Type locality. Ocotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large. Skull with infraorbital foramina oblong and narrow; frontal region broad. Color. Above mixed creamy buff and black; sides paler cream buff, as are also the arms, hands, and thighs; hind feet gray; under parts grayish white; tail nearly naked, blackish above, whitish beneath; ears dark brown or blackish. Measurements. Total length, type, 310; tail vertebra, 146; hind foot, 36. Skull: total length, 37; Hensel, 31; zygomatic width, 20; mastoid widthw15; median palatal length, 8; length of incisive foramen, 7; upper tooth row, 7; lower tooth row, 7. 230 SIGMODON. 202. minimus (Sigmodon), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1894, p. 130. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 146. Least Cotton Rat. Type locality. Northern boundary line between New Mexico and Mexico, too miles west of the Initial Monument in Grant County, on the west bank of the Rio Grande. Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico and southern New Mexico and Arizona. Genl. Char. Darker in color and hair more bristly than S. h. texensis; ears, feet, and tail thickly covered with hair; tail indis- tinctly bicolor. Color. Above mixed brown, gray, and black; beneath pale buff; tail brownish black; feet yellowish gray. Measurements. Total length, 223; tail, 94; hind foot, 28; ear above crown, 14. Skull of type: basal length, 28.5; nasals, 11.3; zygomatic breadth, 1g; mastoid breadth, 14; alveolar length of upper molar series, 5.9. 203. leucotis (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, Pens. WHITE-EARED Cotton Rat. Type locality. Valparaiso Mountains, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Altitude, 8,700 feet. Geogr. Distr. IKknown only from the type locality. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail short, hairy. Skull heavily ridged along sides; interparietal narrow with a median suture; no median ridge on supraoccipital; nasals short; bulla oval. Color. Above dull brownish gray; under parts whitish; hands and feet brownish gray; tail black, brownish at base beneath; ears whitish gray. Measurements. Average of 8 adult topotypes: total length, 234; tail vertebre, g1; hind foot, 29.4. Skull of type: basal length, 31; nasals, 11.4; zygomatic breadth, 20.5; mastoid width, 15; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6. (Bailey, 1. c.) 204. ochrognathus (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, tOO2; po DLS: OCHRACEOUS-FACED Cotton Rat. Type locality. Chisos Mountains, Brewster County, Texas. Alti- tude, 8,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. Chisos Mountains, Texas, to Parral, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tail long, hairy. Skull: interparietal with a posterior indentation; nasals short, wide, and truncate posteriorly. t SIGMODON. 231 Color. Above yellowish gray, tinged about ears, face, and rump with ochraceous; nose, orbital ring, and base of tail bright ochraceous; beneath white; hands and feet buffy gray; tail above blackish, beneath buffy gray. Measurements. Total length, 260; tail, 117; hind foot, 29. Skull of type: basal length, 28; nasals, 11.6; zygomatic breadth, 19; mastoid breadth, 13; alveolar length of upper molar series, 5.5. (Bailey, 1. c.) 205. alticola (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 116. ALPINE CoTTON Rat. Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 10,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. Mountains of State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail hairy; pelage long and soft. Skull: similar to that of S. leucotis; lateral pits of palate very shallow. Color. Above dark ochraceous or light umber brown; beneath pale cinnamon brown; hands and feet’ yellowish gray; tail black, yellowish brown at base beneath; ears gray. Measurements. Total length, 230; tail, ror; hind foot, 28.5. Skull of type: basal length, 28.5; nasals, 11; zygomatic breadth, 17.8; mastoid breadth, 13.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.3. (Bailey, 1. c.) a.—amoles (Sigmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, Deb. AMOLES CoTTon Rat. Type locality. Pinal de Amoles, State of Queretaro, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality. Genl. Char. Similar to S. alticola. Skull wider, smaller bulle, and lateral pits of palate deeper, and interparietal without median division. Color. Like S. alticola, but upper parts duller and less tawny. Measurements. Total length, 252; tail vertebre, 105; hind foot, 29.5. Skull of type: basal length, 29.5; nasals, 5.7; zygomatic breadth, 19.6; mastoid breadth, 14; alveolar length of upper molar peries, 6.3. (Bailey, 1. c.) 206. austerulus (Sigmodon), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxx1x, 1902, Doe 2. VOLCAN DE CuHrIRIQUI CoTTon Rat. Type locality. ® Volcan de Chiriqui, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 10,000 feet 232 SIGMODON. Genl. Char. Similar to S.h. boruce, tail longer, well haired; color paler. Color. Above cinnamon brown, dorsal region darker; rump shaded with russet; under parts white washed. with pale buff; tail above dusky, beneath gray; hands and feet yellowish gray; ears gray. Measurements. Total length, 260; tail vertebra, 120; hind foot, 2;ear, 17. Skull: mastoid width, 14.8; length of upper molar series, 6; length of mandible, 19.2. 207. fulviventer (Sigmodon), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1889, p. 180. FULVOUS-BELLIED Cotton Rar. Type locahty. Zacatecas, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Zacatecas and Durango, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to S. hispidus, but paler, and under parts ochraceous buff instead of white. Color. Above yellowish brown mixed with black, darkest on median line; under parts ochraceous buff; arms and legs buffy; hands and feet yellowish gray; tail blackish, mixed with gray. Measurements. Total length, 270; tail vertebra, 108; hind foot, 33. (ex Type.) Skull of type; base broken: total length over inci- sors, 35.5; nasals, 13; zygomatic breadth, 21.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.3. 208. melanotis (Szgmodon), Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, TOO2; 'p.. 114. BLACK-EARED CoTtTon Rat. Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Alti- tude, 7,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. Known from type locality only. Color. Above dark ochraceous, lined with black; beneath dark ~\s rusty ochraceous; hands and feet yellowish brown; tail black, yel- - lowish beneath at base; ears black. Measurements. Type: total length, 275; tail, roo; hind foot, 31. Skull: basal length, 31.4; nasals, 12.2; zygomatic breadth, 20.5; mastoid breadth, 14.5; alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.3. (Bailey, 1. c.) The Rice Rats of the genus Oryzomys are, in a number of the species, among the largest of the Muride, with long, scantily haired tails and long hind feet. They are mostly dwellers of tropical regions, and in the United States are found only in the coast region of the ORYZOMYS. 233 eastern and southeastern portions; but in Mexico some are met with at 10,000 feet elevation, and these forms are provided with a woolly covering to protect them from the cold of such high altitudes. 48. Oryzomys. Rice Rats. =; eS of : =a Ol C. H. Merriam. Synopsis of the Rice Rats (Genus Oryzomys) of the United States and Mexico, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., 111, 1901, p. 273. Oryzomys Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 458. Type Mus palus- tris Harlan. Oligoryzomys Bangs, Proc. N. Eng. Zodl. Club, 1, 1900, p. 94, pl. Rar t OM ‘Form rat-like; ears nearly buried in the fur; hairs of body coarse; tail longer than head and body; the hairs longest on the FiG. 39. ORYZOMYS COSTARICENSIS. Nos 7963 Am Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. Twice nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged io times. Enlarged to times. 234 ORYZOMYS. under surface; hind feet very long; soles naked, with six tubercles, all very small except the posterior, which is very long and narrow; upper margin of the orbit raised into a compressed crest, as in Sig- modon.”’ (Baird, l. c.) KEY TO: THE, SPECIES: A. Fur coarse; tail longer than head and body; hind feet very long. ‘‘ Upper margin of orbit raised into a compressed crest.”’ a. Under parts white. PAGE a.’ Above yellowish fulvous and black......... O. nelsont 235 b.’ Above ochraceous and black. a./’ Tail above dusky, whitish below....... O. albiventer 236 b.” Tail above brown, paler brown | DGMEABNS ts rs 7 i eeremedecee ten oe O. crinitus aztecus 245 ec; Above ochraceous fulvoliss. 2... 6<. os O. yucatanensis 236 b. Under parts grayish white. a.’ Above tawny ochraceous lined with BUGIS oe a crt ony d he Ge ee ek, Se eee O. panamensis 241. b.’ Above mottled blackish brown.......... O. talamance 241 Gc, Above rusty brownandpolack>:.2/5 «. vous O. alfart 242 ec. Under parts whitish, or tinged with salmon or buff. By Above pale prawish . oc) sec nae kek ee O. peninsule 236 b.’ Above reddish brown and black.:........... O. couest 236 c.’ Above mixed deep rufous and black...... O. palatinus 237 dy Above dark’ rurous brown: i. och te eee O. hylocetes 237 e.’ Above grizzled fulvous and black......... O. rhabdops 237 f.’ Above dark fulvous and black, small..... O. chapmant 238 g.’ Above dark fulvous and black, large....O. ¢. caudatus 238 h.’ Above fulvous and black, paler.......... O. c. dilutior 238 i.’ Above blackish and fulvous........... O. c. saturatior 239 j. Above chestnut brown Js. 9.2... .< > i 3 — 16. J. A. Allen, On the species of the genus Rhetthrodontomys (sic) Dall Am. Mus) Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 107. *The skull of the unique specimen of this species having been lost, it was not possible to illustrate the genus 256 RHITHRODONTOMYS. Reithrodontomys (sic), Giglioli, Richer. intorn. alla Distrib. Geog. Gen., Roma, 1873, p. 160. Type’ Mus leconti.. Aud. & Bachman. Reithrodon! Le Conte (nec Waterh.), Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phils Seo) an 3 Ochetodon Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1874, p. 184. Body slender; size very small; tail as long as the body without the head; anterior face of upper incisors with a deep longitudinal FIG. 43. RHITHRODONTOMYS MEGALOTIS. No. 6739 Am. Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. Enlarged 3 times UPPER TOOTH ROW LOWER TOOTH ROW Enlarged 12 times Enlarged 12 times RHITHRODONTOMYS, 257 groove, nearly as broad as the face of the tooth; lower incisors simple; anterior upper molar with four roots, three large, one very small. The lower half of the descending ramus is abruptly twisted inward nearly at a right angle to the lower border of the process; antor- bital foramen is situated in the zygomatic portion of the maxillary and is almost circular above, contracting to a slit below; palate terminates opposite the posterior border of last molars as a trans- verse shelf; bulle large, widely separated, but approximating from behind anteriorly. KEY TO 2aE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES: A. Tail about one-half the total length. a. b. =, a. b. Above yellowish brown lined with black; o SHA ERED PISTON Ps 0 ATS ee eee R. australis Above sepia, shading to isabella; beneath MU Utne Se em MRT WINGS ere 9) sec eo 2 baker 182A R. a. vulcantus Above mouse gray; beneath yellowish or Pee NE A aU ie ienleick We fa be ee setae R. megalotis . Above gray, strongly varied with black; be- PRAM Iie Ids cok Ae oR cel 8 Sela svete The R.m. sestinensts . Above dull fulvous brown; beneath buffy eu eNIe S) acme ciata tet AOD One dca R. m. zacatece Above black and rufous; beneath buffy SIRS 8 em oe eo ae R.m. obscurus Above yellowish brown and black; beneath ich ELSI Vil he a ae re R. longicaudus merpowe Wuny gray; beteath white../....... R. 1. pallidus Above dark brown and black; beneath whitish Dun SVE UG AE co ee R. saturatus Above yellowish brown and black; beneath PPCM OMMMOCOME: Gin fos. ok Aleck ee ees R. s. cinereus Above fulvous brown lined with black; be- VE BATU IBY 2G' 72 ya R. s. alticola B. Tail more than half the total length. EOC VE COGCIeM LOWY Ss hs cece cata eae sb R. peninsule Above fulvous and black; beneath pale ful- mous, including chin and throat. ...........+.% R. dafficilis Above rufous brown; beneath white........ R. mexicanus . Above grayish brown and yellowish; beneath A CLSUL SIR eA JP Seed a rr R.m. intermedius . Above yellowish brown and black; beneath whitish. ae suarve-atoral leneth,-183 mm... 5..52' R. m. fulvescens PAGE 258 RHITHRODONTOMYS. b.’-Small; totaldength, 105 ninis sr. R. m. gracilis e” Smallest; total deneth,, 152) mums. sna e estes ce R. tenuis f. Above golden yellow and black. a.’ Beneath white, tinged with salmon ful- VOUSES oilseed sie wae ea R. chyrsopsis by’ - Beneath: whitish’). 32-y a0 4-5 a eee eee R. c. toluce g. Above yellowish fulvous and black; beneath bitiy salmon. 2c eek at ast Gale eee R. perotensts h. Above golden fulvous; beneath buffy salmon. Bree all, DOR RAS etary eee nce eee ee R. onizabe Boy Pail, oO% Dm... ken ces ciel en erate eee een R. colime Gye Pail 2 FO) MUN. ee eee er Oe Oe R. c. nerterus i. Above ferrugineous brown and black; be- neath white, washed with yellow......... R. costaricensis j. Above pale ferrugineous brown and black; beneath: white. .sttmcnr ee con eaels aeeeneer R. c. jalape k. Above ochraceous fulvous; beneath white....R. goldmani 1. Above rufous and black; beneath orange DUE Or - Orance! Otay. Aes k commas cece tie R. rufescens m. Above fulvous, grading to ferrugineous; be- eath salmon Tulvious: ace swe es ke R. tenutrostris n. Above paler fulvous; beneath fulvous........ R. t. aureus o. Above reddish fulvous; beneath salmon 1308 (015 Oe eo SER AL eget AM ene mre or 8 R. microdon p. Above fulvous, beneath white........... R. m. albilabris q. Above yellowish fulvous and black; beneath WHINGSS vee eh tA Ww atelote ie save Ree ee Ae Oe ce R. hirsutus r. Above buffy gray; beneath white......... R. grisetflavus s. Above orange fulvous and black; beneath SVL, 2k aim: os ARE ep te ee et R. g. helvolus t. Above fulvous and black; chin, throat, and under parts palecialvous 1 tt .hsnc sn ste eae R. levipes u. Above fulvous and black; chin, throat, and under parts pale fulvous, ear larger, tail HOn OT 5 Ses a lal bier 2 oss Sak fal eee ne te eee R. Ll. otus v. Above yellowish brown and black; beneath WHIGISI Pieces it uate & 5 5) 5 eae nc) eae R. 1. toltecus 2p CERO it eee rr ey tee . tnexpectatus x. Above grayish, washed with buffy and lined with black; beneath buffy white ............ R. dorsalis 7. Above bistre; beneath dark cinnamon......... R. creper is PAGE 265 265 265 266 266 266 266 267 267 267 268 268 268 269 269 269 © 269 270 270 270 271 271 271 272 272° RHITHRODONTOMYS. 259 249. australis (Reithrodontomys!), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., T6905, P.,328. IrazU Votcano Harvest Mouse. Type locality. Volcano of Irazui, Costa Rica. Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica; range unknown. Genl. Char. “‘Similar to Rk. longicauda in winter, but larger.”’ Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with black; sides lighter; under parts ashy plumbeous tinged with buff; tail above dusky brown, beneath whitish; hands and feet grayish; ears blackish. Measurements. Total length, 158; tail vertebre, 80; hind foot, 18; ear from crown, 1o. Skull: total length, 23; basal length, 20; width of braincase, 11; zygomatic width, 10; interorbital constric- mom, 3.7; length of nasals, 8. (ex Type.) a.—vuleanius (Retthrodontomys!), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., =... 43°< va eae N.1. albigula 285 b,””? qh otal: Teun ae Gre... i.» vst eee N. 1%. durange 285 1.” Above ochraceous buff; salmon pec- toral: SOU: Steeda 4 «\: sips batten N. ortzabe 286 m.’’ Above dark brown tinged with yellow- :) er. mee irrmre shen are n.’”’ Above cream buff, finely lined with LB Cle ro ba omnes SN oer ers N. b. felipensis 286 0.’ Above orange rufous. a7 ail we Oe mare. ascii: «4 MPRA A mace eee N. picta 287 b.’”’ Tail above brownish...............N.4sthmica 284 pi’ Above Terrgineousn’ fro 60. < soa. see N. parvidens 288 Ga, “Above dank brow . xi cee alco, a nee N. tropicalis 288 r./’ Above buffy grayish and black........J N. goldmanit 288 Db." Under parts pale fulvowss is .4 sane ee N. fulviventer 288 275. distincta (Necotoma), Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ,xv1, 1903, p. 89. TexoLto Woop Rar. Type locality. Texolo, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Tail black; rostrum swollen over roots of incisors. Color. Upper parts mummy brown; back sprinkled with hairs tipped with brownish black; sides paler; sides of nose and upper lips dull grayish brown; chin, upper throat and narrow belly stripe dull gray; pectoral collar ochraceous buff; rest of under parts yellowish white; hands and feet dull grayish brown; fingers and toes white; tail black; ear naked, dusky. Measurements. Total length, 370-417; tail vertebre, 165-206; hind foot, 4o-41; ear, 20-26. Skull: basal length, 43; occipito-nasal length, 48; zygomatic width, 25; mastoid width, 19.4; interorbital constriction, 5.2; length of nasals, 5.6; length of palate, to palatal notch, 22.2; length of palatal slits, 10.6; length of upper molar series, 9.4; length of single half mandible, 29.6. 276. fuscipes (Neotoma), Baird, N. Amer. Mam., 1857, p. 495. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 158. monochrura Rhoads, Amer. Nat., xxvii, 1894, p. 67. splendens True, Proc. U.S Nat. Mus., 1894, p. 353. NEOTOMA, 279 Dusky-rootep Woop Rat, Type locality. Petaluma, Sonoma County, California, Geogr. Distr. Coast region of California and Oregon, from Mon- terey Bay to the Columbia River. State of Durango, Mexico? (Sclater.) Genl. Char. Tail nearly as long as head and body; size large; hind feet short; scles naked. Color. Above mixed reddish brown and black; sides reddish brown; dorsal region darkest; limbs outside to wrists and ankles like the back; feet dusky; under parts yellowish white; tail dusky all around. Measurements. Total length, 410; tail vertebra, 198; hind foot, 41. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 54; Hensel, 44; zygomatic width, 27; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 19; palatal length, 24; length of upper tooth row, 9; length of mandible, 26. a.—macrotis (Neotoma), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., Bite Coda ——. agar allot, Syn. Ni: Am, Mami, 1902, Dots... simplex True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1894, p. 354. LARGE-EARED Woop Rat. Type locality. San Diego, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and southern California. Genl. Char. Similar to N. jusctpes, but smaller, and feet white; hairs on central portion of under parts white to the roots. Tail short. Color. Above mixed reddish brown and black; lighter on sides; dorsal area darkest; feet and entire under parts white; tail above brownish black, beneath pale brown. Young specimens have none, or very little, of the reddish brown color, but are a pale yellowish brown, and the belly is often tinged with buff. This pelage is the most common and may also represent that of winter. Measurements. Total length, 404; tail vertebrae, 195; hind foot, Al; ear, 32.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 43; Hensel, 34.5; zygo- matic width, 22; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 16; palatal length, 19; length of upper tooth row, 8; length of mandible, 21. 277. torquata (Neoloma), Ward, Amer. Nat., Xxv, 1891, p. 160. CoLLARED Woop Rat. Type locality. Between Tetela del Volcan and Zacualpan Amil- pas, State of Morelos, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Morelos, Mexico. Type locality only. Genl. Char. Breast collar pale Vandyke brown; hairs of belly at base, gray; tail bicolor; soles naked. 280 NEOTOMA. Color. Above pale Vandyke brown, hairs tipped with black; darkest on dorsal line; under parts white with a yellow tinge; breast crossed by a pale brown collar; chin white; hands and feet white; tail covered with short hairs, above clove brown, sides and beneath whitish; ears seal brown. Measurements. Total length, 498; tail vertebrae, 160; hind foot, 35; ear, 21. Skull: total length, 45; zygomatic width, 23; length of upper molar series, 9; length of mandible, 25; length of lower molar series, 9. 278. cumulator (Neotoma), Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1898, p. 503. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 154. CoLtector Woop Rat. Type locality. Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, southern California. Genl. Char. Size large;*color similar to that of N. intermedia, but paler; nasals broad anteriorly. Color. Above grayish fulvous, lined with black; gray on limbs and ochraceous buff on sides; feet and under parts white; tail black above, white beneath; ears mixed gray and black. Measurements. Total length, 406; tail vertebre, 188; hind foot, 37; ear, 30.5. Skull: greatest length, 47.5; greatest width, 23. 279. bryanti (Neotoma), Merr., Amer. Nat., Xx1, 1887, p. 191. Cerros IsLAanpD Woop Rat. Type locality. Cerros or Cedros Island, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality. Genl. Char. Size large; tail naked; specimen imperfect. Color. General hue dark slate, on both upper and under parts; fulvous patch behind ear; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 372; tail vertebra, 165; hind foot, 38; ear, 26. Skull: total length, 48; basal length, 44; zygomatic width, 25; mastoid width, 20; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 17.5; breadth of nasals anteriorly, 5; palatal length, 21; length of upper molar series, 8. 280. ferruginea (Neotoma), Tomes, Proc. Zodél. Soc., 1861, p. 282. Rusty Woop Rat. Type locality. Duenas, Guatemala. Geogr. Distr. Tehauntepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico, south into Guatemala. Genl. Char. Tail about as long as head and body; similar to N. fusctpes, but smaller and redder. — © \ : Pe, NEOTOMA, 281 Color. Above rusty red, somewhat golden on the sides, and mixed with black on the back; outside of arms and legs to wrists and ankles, dusky; inner side of arms white, of legs grayish; sides of lips and under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 343-353; tail vertebre, 165-177; hind foot, 33-35. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 46; zygomatic width, 28; length of nasals, 20; length of upper molar series, 10. Fic. XLII]. NEOTOMA MICROPUS. SMALL-FOOTED Woop Rat. 281. micropus (Neotoma), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, D333 Elhot, syn. N.Am. Mamm., rooz,-p. 155. canescens Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 285. SMALL-FOOTED Woop Rat. Type locality. Charco Escondido, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, northward to Okla- homa and New Mexico. Genl. Char. ‘Tail short, hardly two-thirds the length of the body; ears large; feet small, soles naked. Color. Above grayish lead color, lined with dark brown; sides paler; shoulders and flanks occasionally tinged with yellowish brown; under parts and feet white; tail above dusky, beneath grayish white. Measurements. Total length, 359; tail vertebrae, 185; hind foot, 36; ear, 30.. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 49; Hensel, 36; zygomatic width, 24; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 6.5; palatal length, 19; length of upper tooth row, ro; length of mandible, condyle to alveolus of incisor, 25. 282. leucodon (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894, p. 120. WHITE-TOOTHED Woop Rat. Type locality. San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. 282 NEOTOMA. Geogr. Distr. States of Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, and Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to N. micropus in size; postpalatal notch narrow; jugals short; molars white; upper first molar with two internal salient angles. Color. Above ochraceous buff, lined with black; face grayish; under parts white, as are also the hands and feet; tail above blackish, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 358; tail vertebre, 164; hind foot, 39. 283. latifrons (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Ix, 1894, Px. Dem. QUERENDARO Woop Rat. Type locality. Querendaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to N. leucodon, smaller; longer hind feet; shorter tail. Color. Above like N. leucodon; cheeks and sides tinged with fulvous; under parts, hands, and feet white; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 350; tail vertebrz, 149; hind foot, 42. 284. mexicana (Neotoma), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, p: 333. Elliot; Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901p. 155: Mexican Woop Rat. Type locality. Mountains near Chihuahua, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north into New Mexico and Texas. Genl. Char. Ears large; feet small; soles naked. Nasal bones end on the same line posteriorly, and do not extend backward to the anterior extremity of orbits; highest point of condyle higher than coronoid process. Color. Above pale yellowish brown, lined with dark brown; sides yellowish brown; outside of legs, feet, and under parts white; tail dusky above, whitish beneath. Measurements. Total length, 340; tail vertebre, 151; hind foot, 37; ear, 32. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 44.5; Hensel, 35; zygomatic width, 23; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 17; palatal length, 19; length of upper tooth row, 7; length of mandible, 22. 285. navus (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, 1903, p. 47: ActIvE Woop Rat. Type locality. Sierre Guadalupe, State of Coahuila, Mexico. NEOTOMA. 283 Genl. Char. Size medium; tail long. Skull: frontals expanded posteriorly, forming supraorbital shelves; bullae small; teeth slender, with anterior lobe of first upper molar having a deep notch on inner side, as in N. mexicana. Color. Upper parts and sides of face buffy ochraceous, lined with black; head grayish; under parts white, the plumbeous under fur showing; axille salmon; tail dusky above, white below; hands and feet from wrists and ankles white. Measurements. Total length, 350; tail vertebre, 164; hind foot, 34. Skull: basal length, 37; zygomatic width, 21.5; palatal length, 21.5; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 8.5. 286. sinaloz (Neotoma), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 149. SINALOA Woop Rat. Type locality. Tatameles, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to N. mexicana; tail longer; bulle small. Color. Upper parts dark fulvous brown mixed with black; under parts, hands and feet white; tail above blackish brown, beneath lighter. Measurements. Total length, 315-332; tail vertebre, 155-160; hind foot, 31-32. Skull: total length, 41.5; basal length, 37; zygo- matic width, 21.5; mastoid width, 15.2; interorbital constriction, 4.8; length of nasals, 15.4; palatal length, 17; length of upper tooth Tow, 7. 287. arenacea (Neotoma), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, De TsO: LOWER CALIFORNIA Woop Rat. Type locality. San José del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Cape Region, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to N. f. macrotis, but smaller and paler; intermaxille extending beyond nasals; supraorbital bead on frontals. Color. Upper parts grayish brown mixed with black, tinged with fulvous; outside of forearm and leg blackish; under parts, hands, and feet white; hairs on median band white to roots; rest plumbeous at base; tail above blackish brown, beneath grayish white. Measurements. Total length, 349; tail vertebre, 164-167; hind foot, 35-36. Skull: total length, 46.2; basal length, 41; zygomatic width, 23.5; mastoid width, 17.2; interorbital constriction, 5.3; length of nasals, 18.2; palatal length, 15; length of upper molar series, 7. 288. anthonyi (Neotoma), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1808, eel SE. 284 NEOTOMA. Topos Santos IsLanp Woop Rat. Type locality. Todos Santos Island, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Known from type locality only. Genl. Char. Nasals rounded anteriorly; slight supraorbital bead; first upper molar with sulcus on anterior internal border. Size small. Color. Upper parts grayish brown, slightly mixed with black, and tinged with fulvous; forearm above externally and outer side of leg blackish; under parts, hands, and feet white to roots of hairs; tail above blackish brown, beneath grayish white. Measurements. Total length, 330-345; tail vertebra, 132-146; hind foot, 34-36; ear, 23-25. Skull: total length, 46; basal length, 42; zygomatic width, 25; mastoid width, 18.2; interorbital constric- tion, 4.8; length of nasals, 18; palatal length, 18; length of upper molar series, 8. 289. intermedia (Neotoma), Rhoads, Am. Nat., xxvitl, 1894, p. 69. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 161. californica Price, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 1894, p. 154, pl. xI. venusta True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1894, p. 247, Sept. Ruoaps’ Woop Rat. Type locality. Dulzuras, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and southern California, south of the Bay of Monterey. Genl. Char. Size small; tail slender, short, bicolor; ears large; soles naked. Color. Above light brownish gray, lined with black; chin, center of breast, inside of legs, and feet, white; rest of under parts soiled grayish buff; tail above sooty blackish, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 318; tail vertebre, 160; hind foot, 35; ear, 28. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 42; Hensel, 33; zygomatic width, 20; interorbital constriction, 5.5; length of nasals, 16; palatal length, 18; length of upper molar series, 8.5; length of mandible, rg. a.—melanura (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894, D. tau. BLACK-TAILED Woop Rat. Type locality. Ortiz, State of Sonora, Mexico. Geogr Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; first upper molar has the ‘‘anterior loop partly divided by antero-internal sulcus.” Color. Winter Pelage. Upper parts mixed black and ochraceous buff; sides ochraceous; under parts, hands, and feet white to roots of hairs, except on sides of belly, where the bases are plumbeous at roots; ankles blackish; tail black above, white beneath. NEOTOMA. 285 Measurements. Total length, 333; tail vertebre, 170; hind foot, S4; ear, 25. b.—angusticeps (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894, pete7. Elhot, synt N. Am, Mamm., 1901, p162; NARROW-HEADED Woop Rat. . Type locahity. Southwest corner Grant County, New Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico (State of Chihuahua), and south- western New Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to N. 17. albtgula; ears smaller; color more fulvous. Color. Above fulvous; ochraceous buff on head, lined with black; feet and under parts creamy white to roots of hair, except on belly, where the base of hairs is plumbeous; tail grayish brown above, white beneath. Measurements. .Total length, 335; tail vertebrz, 150; hind foot, 33; ear, 25. Skull: basal length, 42; Hensel, 39.5; zygomatic width, 24; interorbital constriction, 6. c.—albigula (Neotoma), Hartley, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser., ne94,p- 57. pl xii. Elliot, Syn. N. Aim. Mamm., 1907, p. 162: WHITE-THROATED Woop Rat. Type locality. Vicinity of Fort Lowell, near Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north into Arizona. Genl. Char. Similar to both N. intermedia and N. mexicana, but the yellow ground color of upper parts and sides is deeper and the general color is lighter. Color. Above pale yellowish brown mixed with black; central line on back darker; sides pale yellow mixed with a pale brown; feet dusky white; under parts grayish white, except throat, which is pure white to base of hairs; tail blackish brown above, soiled white beneath; ears light brown on naked part. Measurements. Total length, 342; tail vertebre, 153; hind foot, 32. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 44; Hensel, 37; zygomatic width, 23; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 16; palatal length, 20; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 6.5; length of man- dible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 20.5. d.—durange (Neotoma), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p.60z Duranco Woop Rat. Type locality. San Gabriel, State of Durango, Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet. 286 NEOTOMA. Genl. Char. “‘Externally similar to N. 2. albigula, but averaging rather larger, with a shorter and broader skull and much heavier dentition.’’ (Allen, 1. c.) Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebra, 159; hind foot, 32; ear from notch, 30. Skull: total length, 45; Hensel, 38; length, of nasals, 18; zygomatic width, 24; width of braincase above zygo- mata, 18.5; mastoid width, 18; interorbital constriction, 6; length of upper tooth row, 9. 290. orizabze (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894, p- TYAS Or1zABA Woop Rat. Type locality. Mt. Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Puebla, Tlaxcala and Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to N. fulvienter, but more buffy ochraceous above, and white on belly; feet shorter. Color. Above ochraceous buff, mixed with black on back; head grayish; under parts, hands, and feet white; on each side of breast a spot of salmon color; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebra, 163; hind foot, 33. 291. tenuicauda (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vit, 1892, Px.2Og; SLENDER-TAILED Woop Rat. Type locality. North slope of the Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Colima, Mexico. Altitude, 12,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tail and ears almost naked. Color. Above dark brown, tinged with yellowish fulvous; darker on flanks; under parts whitish; salmon color at arm pits; hands and feet whitish; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Totai length, 340; tail vertebre, 160; hind foot, 31. bella felipensis Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 1903, II, p. 217. Zoology. SAN Fevipe Desert Rat. Type locality. San Felipe, Gulf of California, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Largest of the pale colored desert rats, nearest to N. bella; feet and ears larger; tail longer. Skull with shorter and broader nasals, shorter pterygoid fossa, wider basioccipital and basi- sphenoid; bulla much smaller; braincase narrower posteriorly. Color. Upper parts cream buff, lined with black; sides cream color; lips, hands, feet, lower portion of sides, and under parts pure white; basal part of hairs on side and under parts plumbeous, except NEOTOMA. 287 on chin, center of breast, and a line down through the center of the abdomen to anal region, which have the hairs white to the roots; tail dusky above, whitish beneath; ears pale brown. Measurements. Total length, 335; tail vertebre, 158; hind foot, 34; ear, 34. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 41; Hensel, 34; zygomatic breadth, 21; interorbital constriction, 5; width of braincase at root of zygomata, 18; posterior width, 14; palatal arch to alveoli of incisors, 19; postpalatal length, 15; median length of nasals, 15; posterior width of nasals, 2.5; anterior width of nasals, 4.5; palatal arch to hamular processes of pterygoids, 7; width of basioccipital anteriorly, 8; length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 23; height at condyle, 11; at coronoid process, 12.5; length of lower molar series, 8. 29la. *picta (Neotoma), Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu, 1904, p. 79. PaintTED Woop Rat. Type locality. Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail long, slender. Color. Upper parts orange rufous, sprinkled with black on head and back; beneath white, plumbeous under fur showing; axille orange rufous; tail above dusky, beneath paler; hands yellowish white; feet dusky; toes white; ears dusky. Measurements. Total length, 368; tail vertebre, 180; hind foot, 37. Skull: greatest length, 43.3; Hensel, 35; zygomatic width, 23; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 17.4; palatal length, 8.6; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 8.7. 291b. isthmica (Neotoma), Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu, LOOA,, Pp. O0: IstHMIAN Woop Rat. Type locahity. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; tail long, stout; ears medium. Color. Above between orange rufous and ferrugineous; outer side of forearms and hind legs grayish fulvous; top of head and back sprinkled with black; under parts and inner sides of arms and legs soiled white; tail above brownish, beneath paler; hands white; feet dusky; toes white. Measurements. Total length, 395; tail vertebrae, 198; hind foot, 38. Skull: greatest length, 48.4; Hensel, 38.4; zygomatic breadth, 23.7; interorbital constriction, 6.2; length of nasals, 19; palatal length, 8.3; upper molar series, alveolar border, 9. *Descriptions of the four following Wood Rats were published too late to be included in the regular numerical order. 288 NEOTOMA. 291c. parvidens (Neotoma), Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu, 1904, p. 81. Juguira Woop Rar. Type locality. Juquila, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tail short. Color. Upper parts ferrugineous; outer side of arms and legs brownish fulvous; under parts white; axilla orange rufous; tail above dusky, beneath paler; hands yellowish white; feet dusky ; toes yellowish white. Measurements. Total length, 295; tail vertebrae, 141; hind foot, 31. Skull: greatest length, 40.5; Hensel, 32.5; zygomatic breadth, 20.7; interorbital constriction, 5.3; length of nasals, 15.2; palatal length, 7.3; upper molar series, alveolar border, 7.4. 291d. tropicalis (Neotoma), Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu, 1904, p. 81. TropicAL Woop Rat. Type locality. Totontepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tail short, slender, thinly haired. Color. Upper parts dark brown; cheeks, shoulders, and sides fulvous; pectoral band salmon; under parts dull whitish; median line on belly white; hands and feet dusky; toes whitish; tail above dusky, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 325; tail vertebra, 156; hind foot, 34. Skull: greatest length, 41.3; Hensel, 33.5; zygomatic breadth, 22.2; interorbital constriction, 5.8; length of nasals, 16.5; palatal length, 7.9; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 8.3. 292. goldmani (\eotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1903, p. 48. GOLDMAN'S Rat. Type locality. Saltillo, State of Coahuila, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tail short; ears large. Skull small and rounded; frontals as in N. mexicana, but broader and flatter; nasals wedge-shaped, truncate posteriorly; premaxille reaching beyond nasals. Color. Upper parts buffy grayish, lined with black; flanks bufty ochraceous; head gray; cheeks buffy ochraceous; under parts, hands and feet white; tail above dark brown, beneath whitish. Measurements. ‘‘Average of four; total length, 279; tail verte- bre, 128; hind foot, 30. Skull: basal length, 33; zygomatic width, 19; palatal length, 18.2; interorbital breadth, 5.5; upper molar series, 7."" 293. fulviventer (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., tx, 1894, p, 121. NEOTOMA, NELSONIA, 289 FULVOUS-BELLIED Woop Rat. Type locality. Toluca Valley, State of Mexico, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to N. tenuicauda, but larger; ears and feet small; tail slender. Color. Above fulvous, dusky on middle of back; under parts pale fulvous; hands and feet white; tail above blackish, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebrae, 163; hind foot, 55. Nelsonia. =) Me = 16, >) Nelsonia Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, 1897, p. 277, figs. 14-15. Type Nelsonia neotomodon Merriam. Skull similar to that of a large Peromyscus, but flatter; antorbital slits faintly notching upper surface of maxillary root of zygoma; interior angle of antorbital slits protrudes forwards as processes; teeth large; crowns flat, with deep reéntrant angles; third upper molar with one deep external reéntrant angle separating the crown into Fia. 46. NELSONIA NEOTOMODON. No. go893 Am, Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 6 times. Enlarged 6 times. 290 NELSONIA. two unequal lobes; second lower molar with one external and one internal re‘ntrant angle, separating the crown into two transverse loops; the posterior occasionally exhibiting a second reéntrant angle; third lower molar with one internal reéntrant angle, and a slight external projection. The other molar teeth with patterns like those of Neotoma and other allied genera. KEY TO THE SPECIES, A. Tail hairy, ears large, nearly naked. PAGE a. Above grayish brown and black.......... N. neotomodon 290 b. Above dark slate gray, washed with pale OCNTACEOUS 5s ss, RE a 2. 2. Gee N. goldmant 290 294. neotomodon (Ne/sonia), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x1, 1897, Dp. 270. ZACATECAS Woop Rat. Type locality. Mountains near. Plateado, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Altitude, 8,200 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Genl, Char. Tail well haired; ears large, nearly naked. Color. Above grayish brown, lined with black on lower back; sides pale fulvous; under parts white; orbital ring black; arms and legs dusky to ankles exteriorly; upper lip and side of nose white; tail above dusky, beneath white, tip white; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 247; tail vertebra, 121; hind foot, 29. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 33; Hensel, 36; zygomatic width, 17; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 7; palatal length, 9; length of upper tooth row, 6; length of mandible, ro. 295. goldmani (Ne/sonia), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv1, 1903, p. 8o. Mr. Tanciraro Woop Rat. Type locality. Mt. Tancitaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl, Char. Similar to N. neotomodon, but darker and grayer; tail well haired. Skull more angular, flatter between orbits; vertical lamella on anterior base of zygoma forming a spine; nasals narrower; nostrils more constricted at base. Color, Above dark slate gray, washed with pale ochraceous; beneath white, plumbeous under fur showing; tail above dusky, beneath paler. Young dark slate. Measurements. Total length, 248; tail vertebrae, 122; hind foot, 20. XENOMYS. 291 Xenomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vil, 1892, p. 160. Type Xenomys nelsoni Merriam. Sulla large, elongated, and parallel to axis of skull; vertical ridge on anterior border of squamosal; this last terminates between pos- terior root of zygoma and occiput; paroccipital processes long and FiG. 47. XENOMYS NELSONI. No. 45286 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged % 292 XENOMYS, NEOTOMODON. stout; upper molars with three roots, lower with two; the series large, with flat crowns, and with rounded alternating closed triangles; first upper molar with one anterior and one posterior closed loop, and one external and two internal lateral closed triangles; second and third upper molars with one anterior and one posterior closed loop and one lateral closed triangle on each side; last lower molar deeply incised on inner face by a reéntrant angle; on outer side is an anterior and posterior-loop and a nearly closed triangle about the middle of the tooth; supraorbital beads well developed; lachrymals and inter- parietal large. 296. nelsoni (Yenomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vu, 1892, p. r6r, Netson’s Woop Rat, Type locality, Hacienda Magdalena, between City of Colima and Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size moderate; tail shorter than head and body. Skull resembling that of Neotoma, but differing in the characters given above. Color. Above fulvous, mixed with black on the back; orbital ring dusky; a white spot above the eye and one below root of ear; lips and fore part of cheeks white, rest of face fulvous; under parts creamy white; tail dark umber brown, unicolor; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 300; tail vertebra, 143; hind foot, 30; ear from crown, 18; from anterior root, 22. (Ear lengths from dried skin, others taken in the flesh.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 40.6; Hensel, 33.3; zygomatic width, 32; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 14; palatal length, 19.3; length of upper tooth row, 8.6. Neotomodon Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu, 1898, p. 127. Type Neotomodon alstont Merriam. Skull broad; braincase short; molars rooted, large, crowns flat; upper first and second molars with three external salient loops and two reéntrant angles; and two internal salient loops and one reén- trant angle; third upper molar small, rounded; lower first and second molars with three salient loops and two reéntrant angles externally NEOTOMODON. 293 and internally; third lower molar with two loops and one reéntrant angle externally, and one internal anterior loop and one reéntrant angle. Fig. 48. NEOTOMODON ALSTONI. No, 13887 Am. Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. Enlarged %. UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW Enlarged 7 times, Enlarged 7 times, KEY LO THE SPECIES. A. Ears large, nearly naked; tail short, fur soft, plantar tubercles, 6; mamme, 6. a. Breast buffy. a.’ Under parts white. PAGE a. Lentertotal length, ara tit..7... 00d V. perotensis 293 be Simei tote! length, ro4.mm............0V omeabe 294 b.’ Under parts plumbeous, washed with WYRE ENS coher at. 'a cas Reenter ns aoe CN N. alstont 294 297. perotensis (Neotomodon), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu, 1898, p. 129. Perote Woop Rat. Type locahty. Cofre de Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 9,500 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to N. alstont, but ears and tail shorter. 294 NEOTOMODON. TEANOPUS. Color. Summer Pelage. Above grayish buff, dorsal band blackish; sides buffy; under parts white, breast tinged with buffy; tail above dusky, beneath white; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 212; tail vertebre, 91; hind foot, 24. 298. orizabe (Neotomodon), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, Pp. 12g. MountTaIn Woop Rat. Type locality. Mt. Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Altitude, 9,500 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Puebla, Mexico. Genl. Char. Smaller than the other species, and with shorter tail. Color. Above buffy gray; under parts white, chest buffy; tail above brownish, beneath white; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 194; tail vertebre, 81; hind foot, 24. 299. alstoni (Neotomodon), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, pi rey, ALSTON’s Woop Rat. Type locality. Nahuatzin, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Michoacan, Morelos, and Mexico, Mexico. Altitude, 8,500 feet. Genl. Char. Size moderate; ears large; tail shorter than head and body; hind feet large. Color. Above grayish to fulvous brown, darkest on back; under parts plumbeous washed with white; breast tinged with buff; tail above dusky, beneath whitish; hands and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebra, 101; hind foot, 26.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 33; Hensel, 25.5; zygomatic width, 17; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals, 12; palatal length, 14; length of upper tooth row, 6.5; length of mandible, 14.5. 58. Teanopus. =) iS x6. A. fe) Ww Teanopus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1903, p. 81. Type Teanopus phenax Merriam. Ears large, nearly naked; tail long, thickly haired; soles of feet covered with small tubercles. Skull: audital bulle greatly inflated, like those of NXenomys; antorbital slits large and broadly open; sphenoid vacuities open; braincase without temporal shield; angle TEANOPUS. 295 of jaw elongate, with lower border inflected and upturned, forming a shallow trough as in Teonoma, infracondylar notch deep; last lower molar with reentrant loop on inner side, passing in front of its mate on outer side. (Merr., 1. c.) Fig. 49. TEANOPUS PHENAX. No, 95839 U.S. Nat. Mus. Nat. size. Tooth rows enlarged 6 times. 300. phenax (Teanopus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi, 1903, Doi: CHEATING Woop Rat. Type locality. Camoa, Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to Hodomys vetulus in size and appearance. Color. Above buffy gray; beneath yellowish white, plumbeous under fur showing on posterior half; cheeks pale gray; outer side of fore leg grayish dusky, inner side white; hind foot whitish; ankles dusky, bordered beneath with white. Measurements. Total length, 352; tail vertebre, 172; hind foot, 37.5. okull: occipito-nasal length, 42.5; Hensel, 35; zygomatic width, 22; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 16; palatal length, 18; length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, 23; length of lower molar series, 8. 296 HODOMYS. 59. Hodomys. fe 7 M.: 10. 1 I ; 5 Hodomys Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, p. 232. Type Neotoma allent Merriam. Cranium long, narrow; squamosal and supraoccipital articulating; bulla small, narrow anteriorly, shorter than molar series; pterygoid fossa longer than broad; basioccipital broad; spheno-palatine vacui- ties closed; mandible broadly expanded posteriorly; first and second upper molars with four roots each, and the enamel fold on inner side divides the middle transverse loop; three roots on third upper molar; third lower molar with two salient and one reéntrant angle on each side, and with or without an antero-external vertical sulcus. Fig. 50. HODOMYS ALLENI. No. So21 Field Columbian Mus, Coll. Nat, size HODOMYS. 297 tive lOw nro rE CTE S; PAGE A. Above tawny ferrugineous; tail unicolor.......... H.allent 297 B. Above dull fulvous and black; tail bicolor....... H, vetulus 297 Fia. XLIV. HODOMYS ALLEN!I. ALLEN’S WooD RAT. 301. alleni (Neotoma), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vil, 1892, i LOS. ALLEN’s Woop Rat. Type locality. Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; tail shorter than head and body, annu- lations visible; molar series large; first and second upper molars with a lateral triangle on each side; last lower molar S-shaped, and with a re¢ntrant angle on outer side. Color. Above tawny ferrugineous; sides of face mouse or bluish gray; under parts white, basal portion of hairs plumbeous; tail blackish, unicolor; hands and feet whitish. Measurements. Total length, 472; tail vertebra, 225; hind foot, 46; ear, 29. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 52; Hensel, 45; zygomatic width, 26; interorbital constriction, 5; length of nasals, 19; palatal length, 23; length of upper molar series, 10; length of mandible, 26. 302. vetulus (Hodomys), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, Be 230) GraAy-FACED Woop Rar. Type locality, Tehuacan, State of Puebla, Mexico. Geogr. Disir. Southern Mexico, State of Puebla. Genl. Char. Smaller than H. alleni; tail bicolor; feet white; cranial characters comparatively on smaller scale, but palate propor- tionately longer; frontals broader and less upturned at margins of orbits; third lower molar without antero-external sulcus. 298 HODOMYS. MICROTUS. Color. Above dull fulvous, mixed with black; face gray; under parts whitish and washed with fulvous, the latter sometimes re- stricted to sides of belly; tail above blackish, beneath whitish; fore and hind feet white. Measurements. Total length, 380; tail vertebre, 166; hind foot, 38; ear, 29. Skull: total length, 47; basal length, 41; Hensel, 39; zygomatic width, 25; length of crowns of upper molar series, 9. The Subfamily MicroTIn& contains the Meadow Mice of North America. In general, these troublesome creatures (for they prove to be great pests to the agriculturalist) inhabit low, swampy meadows, near streams, along the banks of which their narrow runways can readily be seen amid the grass; but others again are found in lofty mountainous districts, and still others on thirsty plains. Small in size, dark of pelage, and quick of movement, they are difficult to see in the usually thick grass amid which they live, as their rather stubby forms pass quickly before the observer. They make their nests in burrows and are very prolific. From the true mouse they are distinguishable by a short tail and legs, short, blunt muzzle, and ears buried in the fur. There are numerous species and races, some of the latter separated on such fine lines as to be practically indis- tinguishable, and the entire group is divided into several subgeneric sections, based mainly on the differences in the structure of the teeth. These animals are the representatives in North America of the voles of Europe. The species on the American Continent are most numerous north of the United States and Mexican boundary line. Subfam. III. Microtine. Meadow Mice, Voles, ete. 60. Microtus. l.—; iM = 16. I mS) G. S. Miller. Genera and Subgenera of Voles and Lemmings. N. Am. Faun., 1896, No. 12. V. Bailey. Revision of the American Voles of the genus Microtus. N. Am: Fawn.; 1900, No. r7. Microtus Schrank, Faun. Boica, 1, 1st Abth., 1798, p. 72. Type Mus arvalis Pallas. Arvicola Lacép., Mém. 1’Instit.,. 1801, 111, p. 495. Mynomes Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 1817, II, p. 45. Psammomys LeConte, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., 1830, p. 132. (nec Cretzschmer.) MICROTUS. 299 Pitymys McMurtr., Am. ed. Cuv., Anim. King., 1, App., 1831, Pp- 434 (footnote). Ammomys Bon., Sagg. Dist. Met. degli. Anim. Vert., 1831, p. 20 (footnote). Pinemys Less., Hist. Nat. Mamm. et Ois. decouv. depuis, 1788; Ouvre de Buff., v, 1836, p. 436. Hemiotomys Selys Longchamps, Essai, Mon. Campagn. Envir. Inieve;, 1836, pay, pl. zt. Lagurus Glog., Hand-u-Hilfsb. Naturgesch., 1841, p. 97. Neodon Hodg., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2d Ser., 111, 1849, p. 203. Agricola Blas., Faun. Wirbelt. Deutsch., 1857, pp. 334-335, 368— 374, figs. 202-206. Chilotus Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 516. Paludicola Blas., Faun. Wirbelt Deutsch., 1857, pp. 333-334, 343- 368, figs. 183-201. Pedomys Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 517. Sylvicola Fatio., Les Campagn., Bass. Léman, Ass. Zo6dl. Léman, Toy, -pp.04 72,0 pl eb, tes. «6215; pl. vi. Ochetomys Fitzin., Sitzungb., K. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Lv1, 1867, P- 47- Praticola Fatio, Les Campagn. Bass. Léman, Ass. Zo6dl. Léman., m0 7, p: 202," (Part.) Terricola Fatio, Les Campagn. Bass. Léman, Ass. Zodl. Léman, Lez; .p- 36. Micrurus Forsyth-Major, Alt. dell. Soc. Tosc. Scien. Nat., Pisa, lit, 1370, 7p. 126: Eremiomys Palyakoff Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., xxxIx, Suppl; E861, p35: Neofiber True, Science, 1884, p. 34. Campicola Schulze, Schrift. Natur. Ver. Harz. Wernig., v, 1890, Pp: 240gene Tetramerodon Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, p. 282. Aulacomys Rhoads, Am. Nat., 1894, p. 182. Orthriomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 106. Herpetomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x11, 1898, p. 107. Molars not rooted; mandibular molars without closed triangles on outer side; upper incisors not grooved; root of lower incisor extends back to third molar, displacing base of that tooth and terminating above the dental foramina of the ascending ramus; tail terete, longer than hind foot; posterior border of bony palate very variable; middle part of zygoma only slightly expanded; postorbital process of squa- mosal shelf-like. 300 MICROTUS. Fig. 51. MicROTUS CALIFORNICUS HYPERYTHRUS. No. 10758 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlarged %&. Tooth rows enlarged 6 times, KEY TO SUBGENERA. A. Upper third molar with three closed triangles, lower second molar with four closed sections PAGE and usually a posterior loop; lower third molar B. Upper third molar with two closed triangles; lower second molar with anterior pair of angles confluent; lower third molar with three trans- VOISE IGOPS). fo. Suisecc ale ol een he eee ee .Pitymys 303 C. Upper third molar with two closed triangles; lower third molar with two closed triangles and two: transverse logps).. .....< uae oN Le eee Orthriomys 304 D. Upper third molar with three closed triangles and one crescentic loop; lower third molar with two closed triangles, and two internal transverse. loonsiiif..0 bo '/ Us Ale wh ae ae Herpetomys 305 A. Microtus, Palate normal; lower third molar usually with three closed trian- gles; lower first molar normally with five closed triangles and nine salient angles; upper third molar normally with three closed trian- gles and seven or eight salient angles; upper incisors not grooved; MICROTUS. 301 mamme four to eight, two or four pectoral and two or four inguinal; normal number eight; plantar tubercles six; soles moderately hairy. KEY TO'SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS. A. Size small. (Mamme four.) a, Above dark brown and black; beneath chest- PAGE i STALE SIDR, oo ok ya al ar M. fulviventer 301 b. Above mixed cinnamon; beneath buffy.....M.mexicanus 301 c. Above bistre and black; beneath plumbeous, suied I 3G0 Aigayel igre haz)” 5 Ve eee eat M.m. pheus 302 B. Size large. (Mamme eight.) Bee MOVE CAnK GANIC eo 0 tio. i... eas M.c. hyperythrus 302 303. fulviventer (Microtus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu, 1898, p. 106. FULVOUS-BELLIED MEADOW VOLE. Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti- tude, 10,200 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to M. mexicanus, but redder. Color. Above dark brown and black; under parts chestnut ful- vous; tail blackish above, pale fulvous beneath. Measurements. Total length, 154; tail vertebrae, 38; hind foot, 20. Skull: basal length, 25.4; length of nasals, 7.4; zygomatic width, 15.5; mastoid breadth, 12.4; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 6.5. 304. mexicanus (Hemiotomys), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zoél., 2me Sér., LOOM eae Mexican MeEapow VOLE. Type locality. Mount Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Eastern part of State of Puebla, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tail short; ears large. Skull broad; incisive foramina wide and short; first lower molar with six interior salient angles; mammee four, two inguinal, two pectoral. Color. Above mixed cinnamon and black, paler on sides; beneath buffy; sides of nose cinnamon; tail above dusky, gray below; feet gray. The above is properly the winter pelage, that of summer being darker. Measurements. Average of 1o adults: Total length, 138; tail vertebre, 29; hind foot, 19.35; maximum, 148; 30; 20. Skull: basal length, 24.5; zygomatic breadth, 15.3; mastoid width, 11.6; length of nasals, 7.4; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 6.6. (Bailey, N. Am. Faun., No. 17.) 302 MICROTUS. a.—pheus (Arvicola), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vil, 1892, Dp. 17a; Dark MeEapow VOLE. Type locality. North slope of Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 10,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. High mountains. Genl. Char. Size medium. Skull similar to that of M. mogollo- nensis. Color. Above bistre and black; under parts plumbeous, tinged with drab; tail above sooty, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 155; tail vertebre, 34; hind foot, 20.5; ear, 14. Skull: basal length, 25.2; zygomatic width, 15.5; mastoid breadth, 12; length of nasals, 7.3; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 6.08. MAT) M4 Vf Hy) Fic. XLV. MIcROTUS C. HYPERYTHRUS. REDDISH MEADOW VOLE. californicus hyperythrus (Microtus), Eliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., Ill, 1903, p. 161. Zodlogy. ReppisH Meapow VOLE. Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California. Geogr. Distr. Sea-coast in the vicinity of San Quentin, up to 8,000 feet elevation in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. Genl. Char. More reddish in color than M. californicus; hind foot longer, and tail about equal to that of M. californicus. Skull much larger. Color. Upper parts dark tawny, slightly lined with black; sides paler; entire under parts plumbeous faintly washed with white; hands and feet grayish buff; tail above dusky, beneath paler. Measurements. Total length, 203; tail vertebre, 52; hind foot, 24.5; ear, 16. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 31; Hensel, 26; zygo- MICROTUS. 303 matic breadth, 17.5; interorbital constriction, 3; length of nasals, 8.5; palatal length, 14.5; mastoid breadth, 14; width of braincase above auditory meatus, 10; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 6.5. B. Pitymys. Palate normal; lower third molar without closed triangles; lower first molar with five closed triangles and nine salient angles; upper third molar with two or three closed triangles and six salient angles; mamme, four inguinal; plantar tubercles, five; soles hairy. Fig. 52. Microtus (PITYMYS) QUASIATER. No. 5064 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlarged %. UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 7 times. Enlarged 7 times. 305. quasiater (Arvicola), Coues, Proc. ‘Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1874, Palo. CovrEs’ MEADow VOLE. Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to M. pinetorum, but darker. Color. Upper parts dark chestnut brown; beneath blackish ash, hoary in certain lights; tail above like the back, possibly a little darker; hands and feet brownish. 304 MICROTUS. in Measurements. Total length, 124-130; tail vertebra, 16-18: hind foot, 16.5—-17; ear, 13-14. Skull: occipito-nasal leneth, 24.s: Q) / 3714 5 s, Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 19; interorbital constriction, 3.5: length g of nasals, 7.5; palatal length, 11.5; length of upper tooth row, 6. C. Orthriomys. First lower molar with one external and two internal closed triangles, and two open triangles; third lower molar with one external and one internal closed triangle and two internal transverse loops; one reentrant angle between the two closed triangles; third upper molar with one external and one internal closed triangle; anterior loop in second and third upper molars pyriform. Fic. 53. Microtus (ORTHRIOMYS) UMBROSUS. No. 68508 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW Enlarged 7 times Enlarged 7 times MICROTUS. 306. umbrosus (Microtus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. pp. Loy. Mount ZEMPOALTEPEC MEADOW VOLE. Type locality. Mt. Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 8,200 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size rather large; tail long; ear short: color dark. 5? Wash., XII, 1898, ) Color. Above dusky, mixed with brown; under parts slate, tinged with fulvous. Measurements. Total length, 184; tail vertebre, 65; hind foot, 23. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 28; Hensel, 24.5; zygomatic width, Fig. 54. Microtus (HERPETOMYS) GUATEMALENSIS. No. 76793 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 6 times. Enlarged 6 times 306 MICROTUS. 15.5; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals, 7; palatal length, 13; length of upper tooth row, 7. D. Herpetomys. Third upper molar with two external and one internal closed triangles and posterior crescentic loop, forming two internal salient angles; first lower molar with one external and two internal closed triangles, and two open triangles; third lower molar with one external and one internal closed triangle, and one anterior and one posterior obliquely transverse internal loop; plantar tubercles, 5; mamme, 6, 4 pectoral, 2 inguinal. 307. guatemalensis (Microtus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xu, 1898, p. 108. GUATEMALAN MEADOW VOLE. Type locality. Todos Santos, State of Huehuetenango, Guate- mala. Altitude, 10,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America. Genl. Char. Size medium; color dark; tail short, with few hairs; ears nearly hidden in fur. Skull: bulle large, swollen; incisive foramina rectangular, truncate anteriorly and posteriorly; root of zygoma anteriorly notched; jugals nearly parallel. Color. Upper parts mixed black and golden fulvous; under parts slaty black; lips white; tail blackish, unicolor. Measurements. Total length, 155; tail vertebre, 40; hind foot, 21. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26.5; Hensel, 23.5; zygomatic width, 15; interorbital constriction, 4.5; length of nasals, 7.5; palatal length, 13.5; length of upper molar series, 7. The next genus FIBER contains the Muskrats, the species most familiar to man probably of all the Muride, save those of the genus Mus, which includes those species commonly called “‘house rats and mice.’’ The habits of the Muskrat resemble in a considerable degree those of the Beaver, and their large-domed houses, formed of sticks, roots, and grasses are often seen rising from the surface of a pond or lake. The general plan of these structures is very similar to a beaver’s dwelling, and the entrance is beneath the water, with the nest or sleeping apartment toward the roof so as to be, if possible, above any sudden rise of the water. Holes in the banks by the side of streams are often made, in which the Muskrat lives, and these excavations sometimes cause the banks to cave in and a large portion of ground to disappear beneath the stream. Muskrats are shy and FIBER. 307 watchful, and are not often seen by day, but towards evening tl become active and swim about in the vicinity of their homes, disap- pearing with a loud splash beneath the surface if alarmed. Immense numbers of muskrat skins are sold every year, and made into clothing or linings for garments. 1ey f= Ws = 76 bh I 33 iS Fiber G. Cuv., Lecons d’Anat. Comp., 1, 1800, tab. 1. Type Castor ztbethicus Linneus. Fic. 55. FIBER ZIBETHICUS PALLIDUS. No. 5422 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size. 308 FIBER. Ondatra Lacép., Tab. Mamm., 1799, p. 9. Less. Man., 1827, p. 286. (nec Link, 1795.) Moschomys Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scandinav., 1, 1828, Mamm., Con- spectus A. Size large; hind feet oblique to the leg; tail flattened sideways for nearly its entire length and fringed with stiff hairs; ears very small, deeply buried in fur; muzzle furry, except nasal pads, which are naked. Palms and soles naked, fringed with hairs, five-tubercled; dentition and skull arvicoline; squamosals much expanded; parietals reduced; interparietal nearly as long as broad; upper incisors almost a circle in shape within and without the jaw; lower incisors enter jaw to root of the condylar process; descending process of condyle ham- ular and much twisted; palate terminates opposite middle of last molar and has a median azygos protuberance; pterygoid fossa wide and deep; nasals narrow posteriorly, widening rapidly anteriorly, tumid, and terminating behind the incisors; interorbital constriction excessive; processes of squamosal and maxilla have their ends in contact; the jugal being merely a splint, not necessary for the con- tinuity of the zygomatic arch. zibethicus pallidus (Fiber), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 280. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 213. PaLE Musk Rat. Type locality. Fort Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Lower California? and State of Sonora? north, probably, to Montana. Genl. Char. Size small, two-thirds that of the typical form. Skull like that of the eastern muskrat, but smaller. Color. Rusty brown, paler beneath; scattered hairs on tail liver brown. . Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebra, 203; hind foot, 69. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 56; Hensel, 52; zygomatic width, 37; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 19; palatal length, 31; length of upper molar series, 15; length of mandible, 37. The Gophers, or Pouched Rats, as the mole-like creatures which compose the next family are called, are stout, shapeless animals, whose powerful shoulders and fore legs with enormous claws on the front toes, suitable for digging, blunt head, minute eyes and small ears, admirably fit them for a life under ground. In the localities in which they abound their long tunnels ramify the soil in all direc- tions and are indicated by the earth raised above the surrounding GEOMYIDA:, 809 level, in the same manner as is witnessed in the case of moles. So completely do they live in the ground that one is rarely seen upon it. These animals are provided with cheek pouches, some of enormous size reaching even to the shoulders, and these are convenient recep- tacles for food and afford a means for transporting it from place to place. In some localities Gophers are veritable pests, undermining the soil with their endless galleries, and flinging the earth excavated from these burrows on every side. In size these animals vary con- siderably, some being as large as a full grown rat, and others again not half that bigness. The pelage is exceedingly soft, even silky. The skull is heavy, its muscles large and powerful, and the cutting teeth strong and effective, adze-shaped. The family is divided into two chief genera, Geomys and Thomomys, distinguished by the presence or absence of median grooves on the incisors. Fam. 1V. Geomyidz. Pouched Rats. C. H. Merriam, Monographic Revision of the Pocket Gophers, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895. Large, fur-lined cheek pouches present, opening outside the mouth. Squamosals expanded; jugal extending to lachrymal; palate sloping below level of zygomata, which are strong and flaring; molars rootless; lower jaw strong; form arvicoline; fore feet fossorial; eyes and ears minute. REY TO THE GENERA. A. Skull large, flat, rather massive; upper inci- sors grooved; jugal extending to lachrymal; mandible powerful. a. Upper premolar with three enamel plates, the posterior absent. PAGE a, Uppermaimecisortisuleate..... 2. sce ems Geomys 310 b.’ Upper incisor unisulcate. a.’/’ First and second upper molars with one enamel plate each, posterior absent. a.’’’ Squamosals not greatly expanded laterally; orbitosphenoids articulat- ing anteriorly with alisphenoids..... Cratogeomys b.’”” Squamosals greatly expanded later- ally; orbitosphenoids not articulat- ing anteriorly with alisphenoids..... Platygeomys 316 b.’” First and second upper molars with two enamel plates each. 311 x 310 GEOMYID&. GEOMYS. a.’”’ Skull short, rounded; mesethmoid higher than long, lower edge entering PAGE between wings of vomer posteriorly. .Pappogeomys 320 b.’”" Skull elongate, flat; mesethmoid a POI CTESOGNT Gh. oo es a Orthogeomys 322 Upper premolar with four enamel plates. Posterior plate restricted to inner half... .. Heterogeomys 325 b.’ Posterior plate restricted to inner third. Zygomatic arch not complete without jugal . yl ee fs ce Macrogeomys 326 b.” Zygomatic arch normally complete Without: jaealy sees se ol ccleaner Zygogeomys 330 B. Upper incisors without median grooves......... Thomomys 332 62. Geomys. Pocket Gophers. I=; P=; Me = 3= 20. Geomys Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., 1, No. 1, 1817, p. 45. Type Geomys pinetis Raf. =Mus tuza Ord, 1815. Saccophorus Kuhl, Beitr. Zodl. und vergl. Anat., 1820, p. 65. Pseudostoma Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky Mts., 1823, I, p. 406. Ascomys Licht., Abhand. K. Acad. Wiss. Berl., 1825, p. 20, fig. 2 Upper incisors grooved along the middle; first and second upper molars with two enamel plates each, posterior one complete; root of inferior incisor slightly protuberant; zygomata widest anteriorly; posteriorly but little greater than mastoid breadth; parietals ridged; audital bulla elongate, somewhat acute anteriorly, not greatly inflated; basioccipital very broad posteriorly; pterygoid fossa wide; fore claws immensely developed; mamme, three pair, two inguinal, one pectoral. 308. arenarius (Geomys), Merr., Mon. Geom., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 139. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 219. SAND-LOVING PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. From Juarez, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north to Las Cruces, and Valley of Upper Rio Grande from El Paso, and west to Deming, New Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium, tail long, well haired, except tip; color pale. Skull: no sagittal crest; prominent knob at distal end of squamosal arm of zygoma; interparietal truncate posteriorly on plane of lambdoid suture; occiput moderately bulging. GEOMYS. CRATOGEOMYS, 311 Fic. 56. GEOMYS ARENARIUS. No. 36114 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 7 times, Enlarged 7 times. Color. Above drab brown, lined with black; under parts and feet white. Measurements. Total length, 258; tail vertebra, 88; hind foot, 33. Skull: basal length, 37.5—-40.5; Hensel, 34-37; zygomatic width, 24-28; interorbital breadth, 6—7; length of upper molar series, 7.5—8; length of single half of mandible, 27—28.5. 63. Cratogeomys. Powerful Pocket Gophers. Cratogeomys Merr., Mon. Geom., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 150, pls. and figs. Type Geomys merriamt Thomas. Upper incisor with a single groove, usually open; upper premolar with three enamel plates, posterior absent; shaft convex forward; upper and lower premolars subequal in length. First and second upper molar with one enamel plate each, posterior absent. Last upper molar with a deep sulcus on outer side, none on inner. Skull: a depression extends obliquely across squamosals from root of zygoma 312 CRATOGEOMYS, to occiput near median line; breadth of cranium posteriorly less than zygomatic breadth; zygomata broad and heavy. Fig. 57. CRATOGEOMYS CASTANOPS. No. 4 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size. KEY.LO;SPE ClESFAND SUBSPRE GIES; * A. Basioccipital truncate, wedge-shaped. (Sides approximating anteriorly.) a. Sagittal crest well developed. a.’ Lower incisor strongly beveled on outer PAGE SIGE A 0 Se Ree .eeeepere hyer es .C. merriamt 313 b.’ Lower incisor not beveled on outer side. a.’’ Top of skull strongly convex in profile. ..C. fulvescens 316 b.” Top of skull nearly flat in profile. a.’’’ Nasals normal, rather long and nar- OW .C. perotensis 313 b.’’” Nasals short, narrow posteriorly, broad anteriorly GCG. estor 278 * Merr. Mon. Geomyide, p. 151 CRATOGEOMYS, 313 b. No sagittal crest. a.’ Outer face of upper incisor strongly bev- PAGE 28) See oo o> oe C. oreocetes 314 b.’ Outer face of upper incisor not beveled.... C. peregrinus 314 B. Basioccipital rectangular, its sides parallel. aimosmmunand braincaselong..............55. C.castanops 315 Preoetrum short, bramease broad ............ C.c. goldmani 316 309. merriami (Geomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., mi, 0303, Pp. 271, pls.,and: figs. MeERRIAM’S PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. ‘Southern Mexico.”’ Geogr. Distr. Walley of Mexico and Toluca Valley, State of Mexico, and States of Puébla and Hidalgo. ‘South end of Valley of Mexico to an altitude of 10,000 or 11,000 feet; east to Atlixco, State of Puebla, north to Irolo, State of Hidalgo, and west to Ler- main, Toluca Valley.’”’ (Merr.) Genl. Char. Size large; tail moderately haired. Skull massive; incisors very large; outer edge of enamel on lower incisors forming a bead; squamosals covering parietals and meeting in a median crest. Color. Upper parts varying from mixed chestnut brown and black to slate black (melanistic); under parts paler; dusky patch around and behind ears. Measurements. Total length, 380; tail vertebre, 112; hind foot, 50. Skull: basal length, 51-70.5; Hensel, 46.5—64; zygomatic breadth, 35-49; interorbital width, 7.5-9.5; length of upper molar series, I1.5-15.5; length of single half of mandible, 36.5—52. 310. perotensis (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.) Nowosnsos, p. 154, pl. 3, hp. 6. PEROTE PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. Cofre de Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 9,500 to 12,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size smaller than C. merriami; hind feet and tail hairy; no naked nose pad. Color. Upper parts mixed fulvous and black; usually a white patch at base of tail; dusky patch behind ear; under parts plumbeous washed with fulvous; hind feet white basally, usually dark for remain- ing portion, sometimes all white; tail dusky and white. Measurements. Total length, 300; tail vertebre, 79; hind foot, 40. Skull: basal length, 51.5-55; Hensel, 47-51; zygomatic breadth, 37-39.5; interorbital width, 7-7.5; length of upper molar series, 10.5—12; length of mandible, 37.5—40.5. 314 CRATOGEOMYS. 310a. estor (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. &, 1805,.0. Esha eee ips. 4, 5. Las Vicas Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Las Vigas, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 8,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. Northeastern foothills of Cofre de Perote and hills to the north, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Smaller than C. perotensis; small naked nasal pad; hind feet and tail hairy. Skull: superior outline nearly straight. Color. Apparently there is no difference in the coloration of this form and that of C. perotensis, the same description acting equally well for both. | Measurements. Total length, 315; tail vertebrae, 94; hind foot, 41. Skull: basal length, 52; Hensel, 47-51; zygomatic width, 38-38.5; interorbital width, 7-8; length of upper molar series, 11; length of mandible, 37.5—42. 311. oreocetes (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., Noe 8, F805) p. Rs6) ple mgs: 1.2. MountTAIN GOPHER. Type locality. Mount Popocatepetl, State of Mexico, Mexico. Altitude, 11,500 feet. Geogr. Distr. Higher slopes of Mount Popocatepetl, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; small nasal pad; tail nearly naked. Skull: temporal ridges developed; lambdoid crest present; bulla sub- globular; groove on upper incisors on inner side wide; outer side of tooth beveled. Color. Above dusky, head and middle of back darkest, washed with pale brown; brown spot beneath eyes; fore feet dusky; hind feet white. Measurements. Total length, 318; tail vertebre, 92; hind foot, 43. Skull: basal length, 51; Hensel, 47; zygomatic width, 32.5; interorbital width, 8; length of upper tooth row, 10.5; length of single half of mandible, 36. 312. peregrinus (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyida, N. Am. Faun., Nov 8) 18980... 158, pliers. 3: Mount IztaccinuaTL Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Mount Iztaccihuatl, State of Mexico, Mexico. Altitude, 11,500 feet. Geogr. Distr.. Higher slopes of Mount Iztaccihuatl, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; fore foot large, claws nearly equaling hind foot and claws; nasal pad small. Skull: zygomata broad and bowed outward, rostrum short; nasals broad; premaxille broad, CRATOGEOMYS. 315 reaching the plane of the orbit; cranium broad posteriorly, the squamosals expanding laterally; audital bullae short; a single broad groove on upper incisor. Color. Above mixed dusky and whitish; throat and sides of face darker; under parts paler; hind feet whitish; fore feet similar to but darker than upper parts; tail dusky. Measurements. Total length, 304; tail vertebrae, 87; hind foot, 42. Skull: basal length, 52; Hensel, 47.5; zygomatic width, 35; inter- orbital width, 7.5; length of upper molar series, 11.5; length of single half of mandible, 37. Fic. XLVI. CRATOGEOMYS CASTANOPS. CHESTNUT-FACED POCKET GOPHER. 313. castanops (Pseudostoma), Baird, Rep. Stansb. Exped. to Great salt Lake, 1852, p. 313. clarkit, Baind,, Proc. Acad! Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, p. 332: castanops (Cratogeomys), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 220. CHESTNUT-FACED PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. Prairie Road to Bent’s Fort, near the present town of Las Animas, Bent County, Colorado, on the Arkansas River. Geogr. Distr. States of Chihuahua and Coahuila, Mexico, north to Colorado. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail medium. Skull broad, heavy; basi- occipital rectangular; sides parallel; rostrum and braincase long; superior profile convex; end of maxillary root of zygoma greatly expanded, forming a plate. Color. Above yellowish brown mixed with black; beneath buffy, plumbeous base of hairs visible; fore feet black; hind feet blackish brown; tail hairs blackish. Measurements. Total length, 295; tail vertebre, 77; hind foot, 33. Another specimen from Paladura Cafion, Texas, measured in total length, 280; tail vertebre, 80; hind foot, 39, taken in the flesh. Skull: basal length, 47.5-56.5; Hensel, 40.5-49; zygomatic width, 316 CRATOGEOMYS. PLATYGEOMYS. 30-38; interorbital width, 6.5—7.5; length of upper tooth row, 9.5—10.5; length of single half of mandible, 31.5—38. a.—goldmani (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 160. GoLpDMAN’s Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Cafiitas, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to C. castanops in coloration. Skull: rostrum shorter than that of C. castanops; braincase broader; basioccipital somewhat larger. Color. Above mixed black and buffy ochraceous; under parts paler. Measurements. Total length, 270; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot, 34. Skull: basal length, 44.5-46; Hensel, 41-42.5; zygomatic width, 32-32.5; interorbital width, 7.5; length of upper molar series, 9-9.5; length of single half of mandible, 31—32.5. 314. fulvescens (Cratogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun:; No. 8; 1895, p..rényy 19; fig. ay Futvous Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Chalchicomula, State of Puebla, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Puebla and Tlaxcala, from “Esperanza -° north to Perote and west to the northeast base of Mount Malinche, _in Tlaxcala,’’ Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to C. castanops, but larger and darker; superior outline of skull convex; fronto maxillary suture reaching anteriorly the plane of the front of the zygoma. Color. Above mixed yellowish brown and blackish; under parts ochraceous buff. Measurements. Total length, 318; tail vertebra, 102; hind foot, 43. Skull: basal length, 49-55; Hensel, 45-50.5; zygomatic width, 34-40; interorbital width, 6.5—8; length of upper molar series, ro—-12; length of single half of mandible, 35-38. 64. Platygeomys. Broad-headed Pocket Gophers. L—: Pa = sa: i i LI "ee | Platygeomys Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 162, pls. and figs. Type Geomys gymnurus Merriam. Skull large, massive, flat; squamosals expanded laterally, giving considerable width to the occipital region, concealing the postglenoid notch, and increasing the glenoid fossa; zygomata heavy and widely spread; jugal large and broad; endoturbinals forming an elongated PLATYGEOMYS 3) 7 oblique plate; anterior border of mesethmoid rounded above; upper premolar with three enamel plates; first and second upper molars with only one each; a single sulcus on upper incisor near median line. Fig. 58. PLATYGEOMYS GYMNURUS No. 45611 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size 318 PLATYGEOMYS. KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Nasals wedge-shaped; hind feet nearly naked. PAGE a. Above sooty, washed with reddish brown...... P. fumosus 318 b. Above chestnut or slate black..." .........5. P.gymnurus 318 B. Nasals truncate; hind feet hairy, whitish. OMe, DEOMI vy its gs os wo so P. tylorhinus 319 Dip DO Were SUUVOUS 55 creeks 6 GS oes ad P.t. angustirostris 319 CeO ve eneseNUt... sso mea ss in ws peeing P. planiceps 319 Bees nore pee, Cull Chestmey ic. oo... Ss... tae P. neglectus 319 315. fumosus (Geomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vir, 1892, p. TOS: Jumosus (Platygeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No: 8, 1895; sp. Tyee 21, fig. 4; pl: 14, nes. Sooty Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Colima City, State of Colima, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail and hind feet nearly naked. Skull: posterior portion of cranium broad; squamosals expanded; zygomata rounded anteriorly, greatest width at median portion; nasals wedge-shaped. Color. Above sooty washed with reddish brown; under parts pale plumbeous washed with light brown. Measurements. Total length, 287; tail vertebra, 82; hind foot, 42. Skull: basal length, 49-55.5; Hensel, 44-51; zygomatic width, 35-5-39; interorbital width, 8—9.5; length of upper molar series, II.5— op length of single half of mandible, 40.5—46.5. 316. gymnurus (Geomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vu, 1892, p. 166. gymnurus (Platygeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 164, pls. and figs NAKED-TAILED Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Zapotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Valley of Zapotlan and slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; pad on nose and tail naked; feet nearly hairless. Color. Upper parts chestnut, sometimes slate black; under parts paler; young slate black; sides and rump with whitish bristles. Measurements. Total length, 352; tail vertebre, 105; hind foot, 53. Skull: basal length, 57—-62.5; Hensel, 53-57.5; zygomatic width, 42-46.5; interorbital width, 9-10; length of upper molar series, I 4.5; length of single half of mandible, 41-45. as my | PLATYGEOMYS. 319 317. tylorhinus (Platygeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun. Mo. 8, 2895; p. 207, pl. 13, fig. 1. TOUGH-SKINNED PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. Tula, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Hidalgo and Michoacan, on north slope of the Sierra Madre, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large, similar to P. gymnurus, but smaller; skull lighter and smaller; nasals broad posteriorly and truncate. Color. Upper parts liver brown; under parts paler, plumbeous base of hairs showing; hind feet white. Measurements. Total length, 345; tail vertebrae, 100; hind foot, 45. Skull: basal length, 48-60; Hensel, 45-57; zygomatic width, 40-46; interorbital width, 7.5—9; length of upper molar series, 12-13; length of mandible, 46-52. a.—angsustirostris (Platygeomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1903, pe Or. SLENDER-NOSED POCKET GOPHER. Type locality. Patamban, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. tylorhinus, but paler. Skull smaller; rostrum, nasals, and incisors narrower and arched posteriorly. Color. Above pale fulvous grizzled with black; beneath pale slaty plumbeous washed with pale fulvous. Measurements. Body measurements not given. Skull: basal length, 53.5; zygomatic width, anteriorly, 38; breadth of rostrum, anteriorly, 10; breadth of nasals, anteriorly, 6; at middle, 3. 318. planiceps (Platygeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No: Sretecnena. noo, pln, fig, sg. pl. 14, fig. 9; FLAT-HEADED POCKET GOPHER. Type locality. North slope of the Volcano Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico. Altitude, 8,600 feet. Geogr. Distr. Volcano Toluca to City of Toluca, State of Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. tylorhinus; tail longer. Jugal narrow and slightly expanded; upper incisor with single sulcus. Color. Above chestnut; under parts paler; hind feet whitish; black spot around ear. Measurements. Total length, 372; tail vertebra, 121; hind foot, 46. Skull: basal length, 52.5-59; Hensel, 49-55; zygomatic width, 3842.5; interorbital width, 7.5—8; length of upper molar series, 12-13; length of single half of mandible, 46-51. 319. neglectus (Platygeomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1902, p. 68. 320 PLATOGEOMYS. PAPPOGEOMYS, NEGLECTED PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. Mount Cerro de la Calentura, eight miles northwest of Pinal de Amoles, State of Queretaro, Mexico. Altitude, 9,000 feet. Genl. Char. ‘‘Size small for a Platygeomys; general appearance and characters as in P. planiceps, but color paler and duller (less chestnut) ; size smaller; rostrum and nasals shorter; frontal flat inter- orbitally (not elevated on each side over the orbits); zygomatic arches parallel (instead of strongly divergent anteriorly); jugal light and slender, its faces not strongly developed.” Measurements. Type. “Total length, 310; tail vertebre, 96; hind foot, 42.’ (Merrs, 172) 65. Pappogeomys. Ancient Pocket Gophers. lL; P=; ee 20. Pappogeomys Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 145, pls. and figs. Type Geomys bullert Thomas. Molars with enamel pattern of Geomys, and the incisors unisulcate, as in some other genera, 1. e., Cratogeomys, etc. Sphenoid fossa shortened by the orbitosphenoids; mesethmoid higher than long, and with the lower edge extending between wings of vomer posteriorly; zygomata slender; upper premolar with but three enamel plates; first and second upper molars with two enamel plates each; last upper molar has a single exterior sulcus; upper incisor with a single deep median sulcus. KEY TO SPECIES. nice A. Size small; tail naked; occiput extending con- siderably beyond lambdoidal suture. a. Above rusty chestnut, beneath paler........... P. bullert 320 b. Above pale plumbeous tinged with chestnut; beneath paler : Afar... meet cos, ot Sea P. albinasus 321 320. bulleri (Geomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., x, 1892, p. 196, August. nelsont Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1892, p. 164, September. BuLLER’s Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Near Talpa, west slope of Sierra de Mascota, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 8,500 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tail naked; occiput extending consid- erably behind lambdoidal suture; nasals narrow; premaxille short, rounded posteriorly, and just reaching plane of orbits. Color. Above rusty chestnut; under parts paler. PAPPOGEOMYS. 321 Fic. 59. PAPPOGEOMYS BULLERI. No. 8359 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlarged %. UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 6 times Enlarged 6 times. Measurements. Total length, 238; tail vertebrae, 83; hind foot, 3. Skull: basal length, 35-38; Hensel, 32-35; zygomatic width, 23-25.5; interorbital width, 7—8; length of upper molar series, 8.5-9; Ww length of single half of mandible, 25—28. 321. albinasus (Pappogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 1409. 322 PAPPOGEOMYS. ORTHOGEOMYS. WHITE-NOSED Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Atemajac, a suburb of Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 4,000 to 5,100 feet. Genl. Char. Size small; nasal pad and tail naked. Skull similar to that of P. bullert, but generally larger. Color. General color of whole body pale plumbeous tinged with chestnut; palest on under parts; white patch on nose reaching nearly to eyes. Measurements. Total length, 226; tail vertebre, 68; hind foot, 31. Skull: basal length, 36.5; Hensel, 33; zygomatic width, 25.5; interorbital width, 7.5; length of upper molar series, 9.5; length of single half of mandible, 26.5. 66. Orthogeomys. ie a headed Pocket Gophers. I=; P=; M: =i 20. Orthogeomys Merr., Mon. a N. Am. Faun., No. 8; p. 2 pl. and figs. Type Geomys scalops Thomas. Skull elongated, flat; frontal broad; orbital plates of frontal sepa- rated by orbitosphenoids; braincase subcylindrical; interorbital con- striction lacking; upper premolar with three or four enamel plates; upper incisor with one open sulcus. KEY. FO THE SPECIES. A. Pelage not bristly; nasal pad large. PAGE Nasals long, broad@posterionrlys'. «ep eens es O. grandis 322 b. Nasals long, narrow posteriorly. Premaxille very broad, inclined to a point posteriorly, on a line with the orbits......... O. nelsont 324 ’ Premaxille narrower, truncate posteriorly, not réachinguzme orbits. vee. « . i. Vaan are O. scalops 324 B. Pelage bristly; nasal pad small or absent........ O. latifrons 324 322. grandis (Geomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., xu, 1893, p. 270 | GIANT PocKEeT GOPHER. Type locality. Duenas, Guatemala. Genl. Char. Size large; fur coarse. Skull large, heavy; premaxille longer than nasals posteriorly; interorbital space broad, its edges rounded anteriorly and inflated; incisors pale yellow, with a deep groove; molars large. ORTHOGEOMYS, 323 Color. Smoky chocolate brown; ‘‘muzzle, cheeks and chin whitish brown; tail naked; hands and feet thinly covered with whitish hairs.”’ Fig. 60. ORTHOGEOMYS SCALOPS. No. 6730 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size. 324 ORTHOGEOMYS. Measurements. Total length, 320; tail, 135; hind foot, 57. Skull: basal length, 68; Hensel, 62; zygomatic width, 43.8; interorbital width, 15; length of upper molar series, 16.5; length of single half of mandible, 49. 323. nelsoni (Orthogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., Nowe cregs; p. 676, Ge: 63. NELSON’s PockEeT GOPHER. Type locality. Mount Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 8,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. Mount Zempoaltepec and adjacent region, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; tail, except base, naked. Skull very large, long; nasals very narrow posteriorly; premaxille reaching far beyond posterior end of nasals; interorbital constriction slight; frontal narrow, short. Color. General hue dark brown; slightly paler below. Measurements. Total length, 397; tail vertebre, 123; hind foot, 53. Skull: basal length, 70; Hensel, 64; zygomatic width, 44-45; interorbital width, 16-17; length of upper molar series, 15; length of single half of mandible, 50-51. 324. scalops (Geomys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., x11, 1894, Pp. 437- DicGER PocKEeT GOPHER. Type locality. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, and possibly in State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; nasal pad, tail, and hind feet naked. Color. General color dark seal brown, nearly black. Measurements. Total length, 369; tail vertebrz, 103.5; hind foot, 50. Skull: basal length, 60.5—64; Hensel, 55.5—59.5; zygomatic width, 37-42; interorbital width, 14.2-16; length of upper molar series, 13-14.5; length of single half of mandible, 43.5—46.5. 325. latifrons (Orthogeomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 178, pl. 11, and figs. 5, 6; text fig. 64. BristLED PocKEeT GOPHER. Type locality. Guatemala. Exact locality unknown. Geogr. Distr. Guatemala. Range unknown. Genl. Char. Pelage bristly; tail long, naked; feet scantily haired; incisors with nearly median groove; zygomata narrow, slender, broadest posteriorly; nasals short, narrow. Color. Uniform dull sooty brown above and below. Measurements. ‘Total length, 320; tail, roo; hind foot, 39. HETEROGEOMYS. 325 6%. Heterogeomys. Distinct Pocket Gophers. 1 es I Died Heterogeomys Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 180s, p. 179, pls. and figs. Type Geomys hispidus Le Conte. Skull high, narrow; zygomata moderately. wide; frontal broad and flat; orbital plate of frontal usually perforated by a foramen above apex of sphenoidal fissure; nasals much arched anteriorly; squamous part of occipital plane high above mastoid bulle; orbito- sphenoids narrow and long, not articulating with alisphenoids; upper Fig. 61. HETEROGEOMYS TORRIDUS. No. 5843 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size. 326 HETEROGEOMYS. MACROGEOMYS. part of optic foramen disappearing in advanced life; squamosal expansion slight; fronto-maxillary suture reaching orbit in front of lachrymal. (ex Merr., 1. c.) KEY TO THE SPECIES. vce A. Nasals long, narrowing rapidly posteriorly; zygomata not greatly spreading................ H.lispidus 326 B. Nasals shorter, broader posteriorly; zygomata MGR y SprGndine.... .voeeeeete ss ss. os H. torridus 326 326. hispidus (Heterogeomys), Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1852, p. 158, pls. and figs. HARSH-COATED PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. Near Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, at 4,000 to 4,500 feet altitude. Genl. Char. Size large; upper incisors with one deep sulcus each on inner side; nose pad and tail naked. Color. General hue above dark seal brown; under parts slightly ~ paler. Measurements. Total length, 345; tail vertebra, 92; hind foot, 47.3. Skull: basal length, 55-57.5; Hensel, 51-53; zygomatic width, 36-45; interorbital width, 1o—11.5; length of upper molar series, 13.5-14; length of single half of mandible, 38—42. 327. torridus (/Heterogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun.. No. 8, 1895, p. 183, pls. and figs. TrRopicAL Pocket GopHER. Tultusia in Guatemala. Type locality. Chichicaxtle, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lowlands, State of Vera Cruz, through States of Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala. Genl. Char. Similar to H. hispidus; size large. Skull broad and heavy. Color. Dark seal brown, slightly paler below. Measurements. Total length, 323; tail vertebrae, 88; hind foot, 52. Skull: basal length, 54-60; Hensel, 50-55.5; zygomatic width, 37-43.5; interorbital breadth, 10.5—11; length of upper molar series, 13—14.5; length of single half of mandible, 38-42. 68. Macrogeomys. Large Size Pocket Gophers. l=; P.—; i= 20. Macrogeomys Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 185, pls. and figs. Type Geomys heterodus Peters. Size large; large naked nasal pad; tail naked; pelage silky. Skull: MACROGEOMYS. 327 frontal flat, depressed medianly, broad: postorbital processes large; palato-pterygoids short, broad, truncate posteriorly: braincase high above root of zygoma; lambdoid crest straight: ox cipital plane flat, sloping forward; upper premolar with four enamel plates; first upper and second lower molars with two enamel plates each: last upper molar with lengthened heel and deep outer sulcus: upper incisor with only one narrow deep sulcus on inner third of face. Fic. 62. MACROGEOMYS CHERRII. No. 9070 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size 328 MACROGEOMYS. Koy LO LHE SPECIES: A. Audital bulla rounded on outer side; no white patch on head. PAGE a. Upper parts sepia brown; skull short, broad...M.heterodus 328 b. Upper parts chocolate brown anteriorly, buffy pee 1 Pe a I ea a ge M.dolichocephalus 328 c. Upper parts dark seal brown, nearly black...... M.cavator 329 d. Upper parts dusky chocolate brown, uniform ....M. pansa 329 B. Audital bulla flattened on outer side; white patch on head. Upper parts dark brown, beneath whitish; roots of maxilla and squamosal meeting above AL chy ol kihta ye EE Sk ws o's x SaaS G M. costaricensts 330 b. Upper parts plumbeous, beneath paler; roots of maxilla and squamosals not meeting above FUCA ss, 0 ROMER a ls vor oe at, nd RR na M. cherrit 330 328. heterodus (Geomys), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1864, p. 177, pls. and figs. Irazu Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Costa Rica. Locality unknown. Geogr. Distr. Irazu Range, and possibly other parts of Costa Rica. Genl. Char. Size large; upper incisor with a deep narrow groove on inner side of median line; large naked nasal pad; tail naked, as are also the feet, except a few hairs on toes; no external ears; in- cisors in front orange. Skull large, short; frontal broad, flat, concave between orbits, with deep notches in front of postorbital processes, which are large; zygomata wide; jugal broad; nasals wedge-shaped; pterygoids U-shaped, truncate posteriorly. Color. Above hair brown; remaining portions of body and the muzzle soiled gray, this hue reaching well up on side of rump, and also covering base of tail. Measurements. Total length, 325; tail, 65; hind foot, 41. Skull: basal length, 58-60; Hensel, 51.2-55; zygomatic width, 42.5; inter- orbital width, ro—14; length of upper molar series, 14-15; length of mandible, 44—45. 329. dolichocephalus (Macrogeomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 18g, pls. and figs. NARROW-HEADED PocKET GOPHER Type locality. San José, Costa Rica. Geogr. Distr. Range unknown. Genl, Char. Size large, similar to M. heterodus, but darker. Skull long and narrow; zygomata narrow, the breadth but slightly MACROGEOMYS. 329 greater than the mastoid breadth, and the jugal, which is short and broadest in the center, is overlapped by the maxillary and squamosal arms of the zygoma; braincase subcylindrical; nasals short, termi- nating in front of the zygomatic arches; pterygoids broad and short; mandible long, narrow. Color. Above dull chocolate brown; muzzle and lower part of rump buffy; under parts pale chocolate brown. Measurements. Total length, 380; tail, 75; hind foot, 45. Skull: basal length, 52-65; Hensel, 48-60; zygomatic width, 33-40.5; inter- orbital breadth, 9.5; length of upper molar series, 13-15.5; length of single half of mandible, 38.5—48.5. 330. cavator (Macrogeomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., xxx1x, Ig02, p. 42. BoguEtEe Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,800 feet. Genl. Char. Similar to M. dolichocephalus, but with comparative difference in crania; colors darker. Color. Above dark seal brown, almost black; beneath similar but grizzled, a white patch beneath chin and on under sides of wrists; feet and hands naked, yellowish brown; tail naked, yellowish brown, end black. Measurements. Total length, 360-410; tail vertebre, 108-125; hind foot, 47-54; ear, 7-8. Skull: type, basal length, 64; occipito- nasal length, 67.8; zygomatic width, 45.8; mastoid width, 33.4; interorbital width, 11; length of nasals, 25.4; length of palate to palatal notch, 44.6; upper molar series, 15.4; length of single half of mandible, 51.2. (Bangs, l. c.) 331. pansa (Macrogeomys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxx1x, 1902, p. 44. BROAD-FOOTED PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. Bogaba, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 600 feet. Genl. Char. Smaller than M. cavator; hind foot proportionately larger. Color. Above dull, dusky, chocolate brown; under parts griz- zled, belly whitish; feet and hands naked, yellowish brown; tail naked, yellowish brown, tip dusky. | Measurements. Total length, 320-330; tail vertebra, 110; hind foot, 48-52; ear, 5-7. Skull: basal length, 54; occipito-nasal length, 57.6; zygomatic width, 36; mastoid width, 27.8; interorbital width, 11.8; length of nasals, 23; length of palate to palatal notch, 37; upper molar series, 13; length of single half of mandible, 41. (Bangs, l. c.) 330 MACROGEOMYS. ZYGOGEOMYS. 332. costaricensis (Macrogeomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 192, pls. and figs. . PacuaRE Pocket GOPHER. Type locality. Pacuare, Costa Rica. Geogr. Distr. Range unknown. Genl. Char. Unique specimen immature. Skull similar to that of M. dolichocephalus, but with broader nasals; zygomata standing at nearly right angles to axis of skull, the anterior angle abruptly rounded; jugal narrower; pterygoids shorter and broader; audital bulla disk-shaped and separated by a groove from the bulle. Color. Above dark brown; under parts whitish; a large white patch on top of head between eyes and ears. Measurements. Total length, 330; tail about 80; hind foot, 33, without claw. Skull: basal length, 48.5; Hensel, 44.5; zygomatic width, 33; interorbital width, 9; length of upper molar series, 13; length of single half of mandible, 37. 333. cherrii (Geomys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, P- 337: CHERRIE’S POCKET GOPHER. Type locality. Santa Clara, Costa Rica. Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica; range unknown. Genl. Char. Nasal pad, tail, and hind feet naked; white head patch. Skull differs from that of M. costaricensts in certain par- ticulars, such as the jugal, which is large and long and is not covered by the maxillary arm of the zygoma; in the horizontal part of the zygomatic arch not being strongly convex upward, and has not the constriction between the orbital and temporal fossa; and the orbito- temporal fossze are broadest at the middle instead of being narrowest. Color. Above chocolate or sooty brown, except a large white patch on crown; throat, breast, and inner side of limbs dusky grayish; rest of under parts grayish buff; tail and feet naked, reddish. Measurements. Total length, 275; tail, 80; hind foot, 40. Skull: basal length, 47.5; Hensel, 44; zygomatic width, 34; interorbital width, 9.5; length of upper molar series, 12; length of single half of mandible, 37. 69. Zygogeomys. Zygomata Pocket Gophers. l=; P= uM = ge. I—1 II 3-3 Zygogeomys Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 195, pls. and figs. Type Zygogeomys trichopus Merriam. ZYGOGEOMYS. 331] Skull long and narrow; maxillary and squamosal branches of zygoma in-contact above jugal, which is mainly external; rostrum long and narrow; orbitosphenoids large, and with the exception of a foramen at apex, close the upper part of sphenoidal fissure, and ankylosed with the alisphenoid; mesethmoid quadrangular; upper incisors bisulcate, chief sulcus on median line, minor on inner con- vexity. First and second upper molars with two enamel plates Fic. 63. ZYGOGEOMYS TRICHOPUS. No. So1o7 U.S. Nat. Mus. Col]. Nat. size. 332 ZYGOGEOMYS. THOMOMYS. each; upper premolar with four enamel plates; third upper molar incomplete double prism, crown longer than broad; sulcus on middle of outer side only, inner enamel plate covering two-thirds or three-fourths of inner side of tooth, reaching end of heel posteri- orly; outer enamel plate covering about half of outer side of tooth, its anterior bent strongly outward; upper incisors bisulcate, prin- cipal sulcus on inner side of median line. (ex Merr., 1. c.) 334 trichopus (Zygogeomys), Merr., Mon. Geomyide, N. Am. Faun., No. 8, 1895, p. 196, pls. and figs. Pine ZoNE PocKET GOPHER. Type locality. Nahuatzin, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Sierra Nevada, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Alti- tude, 6,800 to 9,500 feet. Genl. Char. Size large; tail long, naked; naked pad on nose; feet covered with hair; other characters as in genus. Color. Dark slate to seal brown, washed with ferrugineous on upper parts; under parts plumbeous, tinged with fulvous; white patch on throat; hind feet whitish or dark gray. Measurements. Total length, 346; tail vertebre, 115; hind foot, 46. Skull: basal length, 46.5—58.5; Hensel, 43-54; zygomatic width, 35-39; interorbital width, 8-9.5; length of upper molar series, 10.5—12; length of single half of mandible, 33-42. The genus THomomys is distinguished from Geomys and the allied genera by the absence of median grooves on the incisors, by the smaller and more feeble claws, and by even larger cheek pouches. The habits of the species are the same, and they often prove as great pests to the agriculturalist as do their relatives of the other genera. While usually of smaller size than the species of Geomys, there is one, T. bulbivorus, from the northwestern portion of the United States, which equals the largest member of that genus. The Gophers feed upon all kinds of herbage and bulbous roots. They are irascible, bite severely, are very quick in their movements, alert to each danger that threatens, and fertile in methods for avoiding it. JO. Thomomys. Pocket Gophers. I=; PS; MS = 20. I 1 See) Thomomys Wied, Nov. Act. Phys. Med. Akad. Caes. Leop. Carol., XIX, 1839, p. 377. Type Thomomys rujescens Wied. Diplostoma Rich., Faun. Bor. Amer., 1, 1829, p. 206. (nec Rafin.) Oryctomys Ed. & Gerv., Mag. Zoél., v1, 1836, p. 23. (Part.) a THOMOMYS. 333 Upper incisors without median sulcus, but with a fine marginal groove, not, however, always present; root of inferior incisors form- ing a protuberance on outside of condylar ramus; zygomata wider posteriorly than mastoid diameter of skull; audital bulle inflated: basioccipital narrower in the middle than bulle at same place. pterygoid fossa rather short, and wide posteriorly; upper molars with exterior edge of crown acute; lower molars with interior edge acute; fore claws moderately developed. Fic. 64. THOMOMYS ATROVARIUS. No. 13769 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size. Eye vOetnE ore ClIESVAND SUBSEECIES. A. Upper incisors without median grooves; fore claws weak. a. Upper parts yellowish brown or fulvous. a.’ Under parts yellowish white, tinged with ee TOULOUSE) \e ot... Meee... T.fulvus 334 Be’ Undemeessbulit, cu... . ceed... om LT. jf. ante a3s e Underieemes reddish fulvousgevg i... -- iy). aliccoldiee'3s b. Upper parts tawny brown, beneath tawny a. A ne a T.f. nigricans 335 Cimvpper paresi@atk mars brown.......:... T.f.antermedius 336 d. Upper parts grayish brown and _ blackish, ipemeathveraniSi Witte)... et ee T. martirensis 336 334 THOMOMYS, e. Upper parts mixed broccoli brown, ochrace- PAGE oy VME aCe CTE Sa. ce T. aphrastus 336 f. Upper parts dark umber brown. a.’ Under parts buff. a.’ Rostrum narrow, less than interorbital Oi Cee ge Ae T. peregrinus 337 b.”” Rostrum broad, wider than interorbital BNET Rs 2.0 1s GRIM Siew mc oo ee T. orizabe 337 b.’ Under parts plumbeous, washed with Beer 8 it 5 ies GG wo eas ae T. atrovarius 338 g. Upper parts grayish rufescent brown and DIAGe DENeATO Crawistmiogi. .. 6.5. a Me T. toltecus 338 h. Upper parts mixed drab gray and _ black, Demeath bittaeealmotmec. 6/03. 0 055.5. cay T. perditus 338 i. Upper parts pale chestnut brown, beneath Dele CNet EE AUVOUS ie Wia s so et cles T. stnaloe 339 }. Upper parts bright rusty fulvous, beneath PRR a 2. es eg GRRE os ce os twee T. goldmanit 339 k. Upper parts dull chestnut brown and black, (ios SUT AE TC ge IS a ae a a T. nelsoni 339 l. Upper parts fawn, dusky on dorsal region, ERR GRA Tree es iua lds hice cee. a + ¥nta... Cen D. phillipst 343 by eAbove soldepiei@nseclon:.............,50 D. ornatus 344 c.’ Above mixed brownish clay color and MCle. \ tO OEE eS. ee D. perotensis 344 d.’ Above yellowish brown and black......... D. mitchelli 344 @ Above pale yellowish brown.........9.4..).". D. deserti 345 ieee bove ochraceous) put and black. .../:.kus D. spectabilis 345 g.’ Above mouse gray, tinged with pinkish DLL (5a MRE Sag a. x, Snr cote ee D. merriami 345 h.’ Above buffy drab and pale buff........ D.m. ambiguus 346 The ie blon eM Opeth: Sia! eh 2h! ta en a D.m. parvus 346 me OE CATT IIOM yess ty ek cis. eke a D.m. simiolus 347 Pe Ja blo € gyoghall- aks) gk! a) | D.m, arenivagus 347 Nye so, Tek lhe ee Eh, (>on D.m. atronasus 348 m.’ Above mixed pale ochraceous buff and jo ICL eee a D. m. melanurus 348 348. phillipsi (Dipodomys), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vii, 1841, Di 52a PHILLIPS’ KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. Real del Monte, north end of Valley of Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Valley of Mexico, State of Mexico, and States of Puebla, eastern Tlaxcala and western Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; colors dark; tip of tail white. Skull: interorbital constriction very considerable; mastoids relatively small and separated on top of skull; superior outline arched. Color. Above sepia brown and ochraceous mixed with black: sides of nose, spot at base of ear, stripe across thigh, and under parts white; stripe across nose from base of whiskers and base of. tail black; tail black above and below, sides and tip white. Measurements. Total length, 270; tail vertebre, 168; hind foot, 41. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 42; Hensel, 29.5; zygomatic width, 22; mastoid width, 28; width of parietal, 19.5; posterior width of basioccipital between bulla, 5.5; palatal length, 17; postpalatal 344 DIPODOMYS. length, 12; length of bulla, rr.5; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 5; length of mandible, 18.5; length of lower tooth row, 5. 349. ornatus (Dipodomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894, p. Tres ORNAMENTED KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. Berriozabal, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to D. phillipsi; hind foot shorter. Upper premolar without the antero-internal lobe. Color. Above golden clay color; head and median line of back darker; orbital ring, facial crescents, and inner sides of hind legs black; stripes on thighs and under parts white; tail black above and below, sides and tip white. Measurements. Total length, 274; tail vertebre, 167; hind foot, 39. 350. perotensis (Dipodomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894, p. III. PeROTE KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to the preceding species in color and cranial characters, the differences being mainly comparative, viz., skull nar- rower on top, more arched; breadth of supra-occipital between mastoids greater; angle of mandible larger. Color. Above brownish clay mixed with black on head and back; sides ochraceous buff; facial crescents and inner side of hind leg black; tail black, with white side stripes and tip. Measurements. Total length, 271; tail vertebre, 162; hind foot, 40. 351. mitchelli (Dipodomys), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, XI yt 0. TrBuRON IsLAND KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality. Genl. Char. Similar to D. m. simiolus Rhoads, but smaller. Color. Above yellowish brown mixed with black on back; sides ochraceous buff; under parts white; tail black, with white side stripes, pencil grayish; ears black inside, yellowish outside; stripe on under side of hind foot black. Measurements. Total length, 110; tail vertebra, 130; hind foot, 38.5. (ex Type.) Skull: total length, 36.5; breadth of skull, 22.5; length of nasals, 13.3. (Mearns, 1. c.) DIPODOMYS. 345 352. deserti (Dipodomys), Steph., Am. Nat., xx1, 1887, p. 42, pl. v. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 235. DESERT KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. Mojave River, near San Bernardino County, California. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora and Lower California, Mexico, north to Mojave and Colorado deserts, southeastern California. Genl. Char. Large; colors pale; tail longer than head and body; mastoids greatly developed. Color. Above pale yellowish brown, hairs plumbeous at base; legs, feet, and under parts white; tail white, with a pale brown dorsal stripe, growing darker towards end, and extending from near base to white tip; white spot over eye and behind ear; white thigh stripe. Measurements. Total length, 133; tail vertebra, 204; hind foot, 52. Skull: total length, 42; Hensel, 36; zygomatic width, 21; inter- orbital constriction, 13; mastoid width, 28.5; length of nasals, 15; width of parietal anteriorly, 17.5; palatal length to incisive foramina, 7; length of upper molar series, 5; length of mandible, 18. 353. spectabilis (Dipodomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890, p. 46. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, p. 235. HANDSOME KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. Dos Cabezos, Cochise County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, and portions of Texas and Arizona, eastward to Sierra Blanca, Texas. Genl. Char. Size large; tail nearly twice the length of head and body; mastoids not meeting behind parietals; maxillary bridge of orbit broad. Color. Above ochraceous buff, lined with black, sides paler; top of head and back darkest; facial crescent crossing nose black; hip patch ochraceous; hind leg white above, dusky below; dorsal stripe of tail dusky for basal half, followed by a broad black band, termi- nating in a long white brush; ventral stripe dusky, the two meeting about two-thirds the length of tail from base, the lateral white stripes disappearing. Measurements. Total length, 355; tail vertebra, 211; pencil, 30; hind foot, 56; ear, 17.5. Skull: total length, 46; Hensel, 31; zygo- matic width, 25; interorbital constriction, 15; mastoid breadth, 28; length of upper molar series, 5.5; length of nasals, 10; length of mandible, 21. 354. merriami (Dipodomys), Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 290. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 232. 346 DIPODOMYS. Fic. XLVIII. DIPODOMYS MERRIAMI. MERRIAM'S KANGAROO RAT. MerrRIAM’s KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. New River, between Phoenix and Prescott, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, north into Arizona. Genl. Char. Limbs and tail slender, latter longer than head and body; skull small. Color. Above mouse gray, tinged with pinkish buff; sides sandy; nose and sides of face black nearly to eyes; aural spot and under parts white; tail drab gray, white band on each side not reaching extremity. Measurements. Total length, 281; tail vertebre, 149; hind foot, 36. Skull: total length, 37; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 17; inter- orbital constriction, 13; mastoid width, 23; length of nasals, 14; length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, 18.5. a.—ambisuus (Dipodomys), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890, p. 42. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 234. DouBTFUL KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, north to north- western Texas. Genl. Char. Tail one-third longer than head and body; size me- dium; body slender. Color. Above buffy drab; sides tinged with pale buff, and lined everywhere with black; beneath white; upper and lower tail stripes dusky to tip; lateral white stripes terminating with the vertebre. Measurements. Total length, 233; tail vertebrae, 133; hind foot, 37sueer, 7. b.—parvus (Dipodomys), Rhoads, Am. Nat., xxvii, 1894, p. 70. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 234. SMALL KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, California. DIPODOMYS. 347 Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, into southern California. Genl. Char. Similar to D. merriami, smaller, tail longer and without black markings on face and nose. Color. Above buffy gray, sides buff; under parts white; usual white eye and ear spot, and stripe on thighs; dark dorsal and ventral tail stripes brownish black; pencil sooty black; lateral stripes white; orbital ring black; under surface of hind foot brownish. Measurements. Total length, 248; tail vertebre, 154; hind foot, 35; ear, ro. Skull: basilar length, 21; mastoid breadth, 22.5; inter- orbital constriction, 13; length of nasals, 13; length of upper molar series on crowns, 3.6; length of mandible, 13.9; height of coronoid process from angle, 5.1. c.—simiolus (Dipodomys), Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1893, p. 410. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 234. similis Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1893, p. 411. Elliot, oyn. N,. Am. Maimm:, 1ger, p. 234. ALLIED KaNGAROO Rat. Type locality. Agua Caliente, Mojave Desert, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, into California. Genl. Char. Similar to D. deserti, but smaller; pencil not white. Color. Above pale yellowish brown like D. desertt, inclining to cinnamon on rump; beneath white; tail, upper fourth dark ashy extending to tip, brownish black on middle third of under side; feet white, soles shghtly darker. Measurements. Total length, 241; tail vertebre, 149; hind foot, 38; ear from crown, 9; pencil, 35. Skull: basilar length, 21.8; mastoid breadth, 24; interorbital constriction, 14.5; length of nasals, 13; length of mandible, angle to base of incisors, 13.8; coronoid process from angle, 5.6. d.—arenivasus Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 249. Zoology. Type locality. San Felipe, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small, similar to D. m. simiolus, but paler; ear larger; hind foot shorter. Skull narrower across mastoids and parietal ; nasals shorter. Color. Upper parts pinkish buff, palest on the head and darkest on rump, the plumbeous under fur showing in places; no black streaks on face; white spots behind ears and above eyes; upper parts of sides from eye to rump like color of rump; nose, sides of face, lower part of flanks, entire under parts and limbs, pure white; a narrow line of pinkish buff across thighs; hands yellowish white, 348 DIPODOMYS. feet white; tail with a bushy pencil, the upper parts to tip pale drab, sides and beneath white; ears naked, yellowish. Measurements. Type. Total length, 225; tail vertebra, 134; hind foot, 36; ear, 15. Average of ten specimens: Total length, 234.7; tail, 137.3; hind foot, 36.7; ear, 14.1. Skull: total length, posterior line of mastoids to anterior end of nasals, 34; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 15; width of mastoids, 22; greatest width of parietal, 15; length of nasals, 12; greatest width of rostrum, 5; palatal length, t1; length of upper tooth row, 3; length of mandible, condyle to tip of incisors, 16; length of lower tooth row, 3. e.—atronasus (Dipodomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1x, 1894, Petts. BLACK-NOSED KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. Hacienda La Parada, 25 miles northwest of the City of San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to D. merriami1, but darker. Color. Above dark clay color; sides ochraceous buffy; nose from tip to eyes blackish; usual black stripes on face and thighs; tail black above and below, white on sides to middle third of the length. Measurements Total length, 267; tail vertebra, 162; hind foot, 40. f.—melanurus (Dipodomys), Merr., Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser., 1893, p. 345. BLACK-TAILED KANGAROO Rat. Type locality. San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Cape region of Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Like D. merriamtz; terminal third of the tail blackish. Color. Above mixed pale ochraceous buff and black; face and supra-orbital spot white; under parts white; penicillate part of tail blackish, rest like D. merriamt. Measurements. Total length, 240; tail vertebre, 141; hind foot, 36.5. The description given of the Kangaroo Rats of the genus Dipod- omys will answer perfectly for the members of PERopipus. They closely resemble each other in general appearance, and the presence of a fifth toe on the hind foot was not suspected, so minute is it, for a considerable time after the animals were known to naturalists. PERODIPUS. 349 72. Perodipus. Five-toed Kangaroo Rats. ia eA x Ti; M. ie TO. 2 [Oo val ben oxy ies) Perodipus Fitzin., Sitz. Math.-Natur. Classe, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien., 1867, LVI, p. 126. Type Dipidomys agilis Gambel. Dipodops Merr., N. Am. Faun., 1890, No. 3, p. 72. Skull similar to that of Dipodomus, with greatly developed mas- toids and thread-liké zygomata; audital bulle in contact below basi- sphenoid; hind feet with five toes, the first digit rudimentary, but having a claw, and reaching to the end of the metatarsal bones of the other digits. Fic. 66. PERODIPUS CHAPMANI. No, 802 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size UPPER TOOTH ROW. LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 7 times. Enlarged 7 times. KEY TO THE SRECIES. A. Hind feet with five toes. PAGE pee bOoVe Ockraceous bit. and blacke,. iG. ... ise. P’, (Cra so b. Above brownish ochraceous and black....... P.o. palmert 350 Caps pove mousesray and black. ...g0...a4.0...% P.chapmant 350 d. Above gtay brown suffused with fulvous .....P. obscurus 351 Comanove sar brown and black) 2o.)....2g.... sree ss oe me P.s. bryantt 364 b.’ Pelage moderately coarse, not bristly. a.’ Above drab gray, lined with black. ..P. intermedius 364 Ey OVER MEIL COW May. br. os iate ees +a sede P. nelsont 364 ge Tatangelo ote (2) ee oe P. n. canescens 365 d.’’ Above broccoli brown and black. dG. samp Diistles PLOMUINENGIn. .54..... P. goldmant 365 Db “sump oristies undeveloped. .o0. ....5 50. Arius 9308 e.” Above dark grizzled yellowish brown aol 1) el RU at eR P. fallax 9366 f.’ Above pale broccoli brown, slightly (meremewwit Olde... Lees eee. P. f. pallidus 366 358 PEROGNATHUS. PAGE a.’ ADOVG ER View. oS. P. anthonyi 366 h.’’” Above grayish yellowish brown and LACIE SHINER ec cr cs cue) od eae P. femoralis 367 i.” Above mixed pale gray, light buff, and WING eT kee ee P. }. mesopolius 367 penicillatus arenarius (Perognathus), Merr., Proc, Cal. Acad. Scien., ad Ser., Iv, 1894, p. 46r. LirtLE Desert Pocket Mouse. Type locality. San Jorge, near Comandu, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. East coast of Lower California. Genl. Char. Size very small; tail exceeding head and body; no bristles. Similar to P. penicillatus. Color. Above buffy drab, mixed with black; sides paler; no lateral line; white spot on lower margin of ears; under parts white; tail brownish above, white below. Measurements. Total length, 136; tail vertebra, 70; hind foot, 20. Skull: length of Hensel, 15.3; occipito-nasal length, 23; greatest mastoid breadth, 12; length of interparietal, 3.5; greatest width of interparietal, 6.4; interorbital constriction, 6.2; length of nasals, 8.8. penicillatus angustirostris (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900, p. 47. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 252. SLENDER-NOSED Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Carriso Creek, Colorado Desert, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Northern Lower California, east to the Colorado Desert and southwestern Arizona, north to Colorado Desert, California. Genl, Char. Similar to P. penicillatus, but smaller; nasals and ascending premaxille long and narrow. Color, Above vinaceous buff, sprinkled with black; under parts, fore legs, and feet white; lateral stripe indistinct, pale fulvous; tail above dusky extending over pencil, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 191; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot, 24.4. Skull: length of Hensel, 18; occipito-nasal length, 26; greatest mastoid breadth, 13; length of interparietal, 3.1; greatest width of interparietal, 7; interorbital constriction, 6.4; length of nasals, 10.3. penicillatus pricii (Perognathus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1894, p. 318. Elliot, Syn. N: Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 253. obscurus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 216. Price’s Pocket Mouse. l'ype locality. Oposura, State of Sonora, Mexico. PEROGNATHUS. 859 Geogr. Distr. Northwestern Mexico west of the Sierra Madre, north into south central Arizona. Genl. Char. Similar to P. penicillatus, but smaller; no spines on rump; pelage harsh; skull short. Color. Above and on sides vinaceous buff, lined with black; lateral stripe indistinct; under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath white; ears like back. Measurements. Total length, 172; tail vertebra, 90; pencil, 10; hind foot, 23; ear, 7.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 18.4; greatest mastoid breadth, 13; length of interparietal, 6.7; greatest width of interparietal, 6.2; length of nasals, 9.4. penicillatus eremicus (Perognathus), Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p. 300. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., roor, p. 253. EASTERN Desert Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Fort Hancock, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. North central Mexico east of the Sierra Madre to La Ventura, State of Coahuila, and north into western Texas. Genl. Char. Small; colors pale; skull rather heavy. Color. Above whitish drab, tinged with fawn and lined with dusky; lateral stripe faint; feet and lower parts white; tail above and tip pale brown, beneath white. Measurements. Average total length of six, 163; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot, 22.1; ear from base, 9.1. Skull: Hensel, 17.5; greatest mastoid breadth, 12.6; length of interparietal, 3; greatest width of interparietal, 7; interorbital constriction, 6.4; length of nasals, 9.3. 362. pernix (Perognathus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, Pp. 149. SINALOA Pocket MousE., Type locality.. Rosario, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Sinaloa and Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; colors dark; no spines; tail long. Color. Upper parts hair brown; lateral line pinkish ochraceous buff; under parts whitish; tail brownish above, whitish beneath; ears dusky with white dot on inferior margins. Measurements. Total length, 175; tail vertebrae, 97; hind foot, 22.3. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24.4; Hensel, 17.4; greatest mas- toid breadth, 12.2; length of interparietal, 3.3; greatest width of interparietal, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 5.4; length of nasals, 8.6. a.—vrostratus (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900, p. 51. BROAD-NOSED Pocket MousE. Type locality, Camoa, Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico. > 360 ' PEROGNATHUS. Geogr. Distr. Southern part State of Sonora and northern por- tion State of Sinaloa, plains of the coast, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. pernix, but skull shorter and wider. Color. Above broccoli brown; lateral line pinkish buff; under parts whitish; generally paler than P. pernix. Measurements. Total length, 162; tail vertebre, 94; hind foot, 23.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 22.7; Hensel, 16.5; greatest mas- toid width, 11.7; length of interparietal, 3.4; greatest width of inter- parietal, 7; interorbital constriction, 5.5; length of nasals, 8.6. 363. helleri (Perognathus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 166. Zodlogy. HELLER’S Pocket Mouse. Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size similar to P. p. arenarius, color very different, conspicuous lateral line. Skull with shorter nasals, broader ros- trum, wider interorbital space, braincase broader, mastoids less prominent, bulle smaller and more pointed anteriorly. Color. Above mixed black and dark buff, giving a dark yellowish brown appearance to the upper parts; distinct bright buff lateral line from nose to rump; under parts pure white; tail above dark brown, almost dusky, beneath pure white, pencil-like upper part dusky; hands and feet gray; ears dark brown. Measurements. Total length, 159; tail vertebra, 83; hind foot, 20.5; ear, 8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 23; Hensel, 14; zygo- matic breadth, 11.5; interorbital constriction, 6; mastoid breadth, 11.5; greatest width of braincase, 10.5; palatal length, 8.5; length of nasals, 7.5; width of rostrum, 4; length of upper tooth row, al- veolar border, 3. 364. hispidus (Perognathus), Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 421. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 251. Hispip Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Charco Escondido, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico, north into Texas and Oklahoma. Genl. Char. Size large; tail about equal to head and body; no spines; antitragus lobed; hind foot broad, short. Color. Above brownish black and cinnamon; lateral stripe bright fulvous; under parts, fore legs, and feet white; tail black above, white below; no tuft. Measurements. Total length, 208; tail vertebre, 102; hind foot, 24. Skull: length of Hensel, 20.2; occipto-nasal length, 28; greatest mastoid breadth, 13.8; length of interparietal, 4.1; greatest width y PEROGNATHUS, 361 of interparietal, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 7; length of nasals, rO:6, a,—zacatece (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900, Pp. 45- ZACATECAS Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Valparaiso, State of Zacatecas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Zacatecas and Guanajuato, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. lispidus, but larger and darker. Color. Upper parts olive brown; lateral line ochraceous; under parts white; spots on side of whiskers black; tail black above, white beneath. Measurements. Total length, 211; tail vertebra, 105; hind foot, 27.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 30.2; Hensel, 22.5; greatest mas- toid breadth, 15; length of interparietal, 4; greatest width of inter- parietal, 8; interorbital constriction, 7; length of nasals, 12. b,—paradoxus (Perognathus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889, p. 24, pl. 11, fig. 18. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 252. STRANGE Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Banner, Trego County, Kansas. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, north to northern and western Kansas. Genl. Char. Large; ears large, with antitragal lobes; soles naked. Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with black; sides fulvous; fore legs fulvous outside; feet and under parts white; tail above fuliginous, beneath white, tinged with fulvous. Measurements. Total length, 205-242 (Merr. measurements, l. c. Ioo mm. error); tail vertebre, 113; hind foot, 26; ears, 5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 32; Hensel, 24; greatest mastoid breadth, 15; length of interparietal, 4.7; greatest width of interparietal, 8; inter- orbital constriction, 7.5; length of nasals, 13.2. 365. baileyi (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, p. 262, fig: 1. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 251. BaIiLey’s Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Magdalena, State of Sonora, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Lower California, Mexico, into Arizona. Genl. Char. Large; tail very much longer than head and body; mastoids considerably developed; bulle nearly meeting below basi- sphenoid; interparietal pentagonal, broadest anteriorly. Color. Above drab brown, lined with black; beneath white; pale lateral stripe; tail above dusky, beneath white. 362 PEROGNATHUS. Measurements. Total length, 210; tail vertebrae, 122; hind foot, 27. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 30; Hensel, 21.5; greatest mastoid breadth, 15.6; length of interparietal, 4.2; greatest width of inter- parietal, 6.8; interorbital constriction, 6.8; length of nasals, 12.2. a.—rhydinorhis (Perognathus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., III, 1903, p. 167. Zodlogy. SAN QUENTIN PocKeET Mouse. Type locality. San Quentin, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. West coast of Lower California in the vicinity of San Quentin. Genl. Char. Similar to P. baileyi, but darker, with very slender nasals, larger mastoids, and more slender upper incisors. Color. Upper parts and sides pale buff, finely lined with black, darkest on head; sides of head, the nose, cheeks, and line above eyes yellowish buff, lined with black; ochraceous lateral line from lips to thighs; under parts pure white; tail above and pencil dark brown, beneath yellowish white; hands and feet grayish white. Measurements. Total length, 232; tail vertebra, 128; hind foot, 27; ear, 11.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 31; Hensel, 22; zygo- matic width, 16; interorbital constriction, 6.5; width of interparietal, 6.5; length of nasals, 10; palatal length, 12; mastoid breadth, 15; length of upper tooth row, 4. 366. cnecus (Perognathus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 169. Zodlogy. BuFF-COLORED Pocket MOusE. Type locality. Rosarito, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size very large; color of under parts deep cream buff; skull large, with very long, slender nasals, broadening at tip. Color. Upper parts ochraceous buff, lined with black; top of nose and whiskers blackish; spot in front of eye, and broad lateral band from lip to posterior part of thigh ochraceous buff; sides above lateral line grayish buff; rest of under parts, arms, legs, hands, and thighs creamy buff, and a pure white spot with hairs white to the roots on chest between arms, extending in a narrow line towards abdomen; tail hairy, above blackish, beneath cream buff; ears dark brown. Measurements. Total length, 228; tail vertebra, 126; hind foot, 28; ear, 9.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 32; Hensel, 22; zygomatic width, 16.5; greatest mastoid breadth, 16; greatest width of inter- parietal, 8; interorbital constriction, 7; median length of nasals, 13; lateral length, 14; posterior width of nasals, 2; anterior width, 3; PEROGNATHUS. 363 greatest width of rostrum, 5; palatal length, 13; length of tooth row, alveolar border, 4; length of mandible, tip of angle to alveolus of IMCisor, 14.2. 367. margaritz (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Cal. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser., 1894, p. 459. MARGARITA PockET MOUSE. Type locality. Santa Margarita Island, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Type locality only. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail longer than head and body. Skull: mastoids small; occiput not projecting posteriorly. Color. Upper parts pale fawn mixed with black; lateral line indistinct; subauricular spot small; under parts and feet whitish; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 180; tail vertebra, roz2; hind foot, 22.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.9; Hensel, 18; greatest mas- toid breadth, 12; length of interparietal, 12; greatest width of inter- parietal, 8; interorbital constriction, 6.5; length of nasals, 10.3. 368. spinatus (Perognathus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889, p. 21. Elliot, Syo. N. Am, Manim., roon,p. 255: SPINY Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Twenty-five miles below the Needles, Colorado River, San Bernardino County, California. Geogr. Distr. Northern Lower California, Mexico, and southern California. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail longer than head and body, crested; antitragal lobe large; soles naked; rump spinous. Color. Above drab gray, lined with black; no lateral stripe; fore legs, feet, and under parts white; tail above dusky; below white; pencil dusky. Measurements. Total length, 179; tail vertebre, 104; pencil, 15; hind foot, 21; ear from crown, 3.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 28; Hensel, 19.8; greatest mastoid breadth, 13.1; length of interparietal, 4; greatest width of interparietal, 8.3; interorbital constriction, 6.5; length of nasals, 11.2. a.—peninsule (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Cal. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser., 1894, p. 460. Cape St. Lucas Pocket Mouse. Type locality. San José del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Cape region of Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. spinatus, but larger; tail shorter: ears large, rounded; skull with comparative differences. 364 PEROGNATHUS. Color. Exactly like that of P. spinatus. Measurements. Total length, average, 188; tail vertebre, ror; hind foot, 24. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26.5; Hensel, 18; greatest mastoid breadth, 13; length of interparietal, 3.7; greatest width of interparietal, 7.6; least interorbital width, 6.6; length of nasals, 9.8. b.—bryanti (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Cal. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser, 1894, p. 458. Bryant’s Pocket Mouse. Type locality. San José Island, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Type locality only. Genl. Char. Similar to P. s. peninsule; larger, tail longer. Color. Like P. s. peninsule. Measurements. Total length, 216; tail vertebre, 127; hind foot, 25. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27.3; Hensel, 18.9; greatest mas- toid breadth, 13.1; length of interparietal, 3.5; greatest width of interparietal, 8.1; interorbital constriction, 6.8; length of nasals, 10.3. 369. intermedius (Perognathus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889, p. 28, pl. rr aes. LElliot; Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. aga INTERMEDIATE Pocket MOUSE. Type locality. Mud Spring, Mohave County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico, into Texas and Arizona. Genl. Char. Tail much longer than head and body; antitragal lobe large; soles naked. Color. Above drab gray, tinged with pale fulvous and lined with black; lateral line pale fulvous; fore legs, feet, and under parts white; tail above sooty brown, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 183; tail vertebra, 106; pencil, 18; hind foot, 21; ear, 4.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24.5; Hensel, 17; greatest mastoid breadth, 13.5; length of interparietal, 3; greatest width of interparietal, 8; interorbital constriction, 6.3; length of nasals, 9.4. 370. nelsoni (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1894, p. 266. Nevson’s Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Hacienda La Parada, 25 miles northwest of the city of San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of San Luis Potosi and Durango, south into State of Jalisco, and east into State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. intermedius, but larger and darker; bristles on rump; tail crested. PEROGNATHUS. 365 Color. Upper parts and sides hair brown; lateral line fawn; under parts soiled white; tail black above, whitish beneath; ears dusky. Measurements. Total length, 182; tail vertebra, 104; hind foot, 23; ear, 8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 18; greatest mastoid breadth, 13.8; length of parietal, 3.5; greatest width of interparietal, 7.6; interorbital constriction, 6.7; length of nasals, ro. a.—canescens (Perognathus), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., ms04, p. 267. JaRAL Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Jaral, State of Coahuila, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality. Genl. Char. Similar to P. intermedius; larger and more grayish. Color. Upper parts drab gray; lateral line pinkish buff; under parts white; tail mouse gray above, white beneath. Measurements. Total length, 193; tail vertebre, 117; hind foot, 22. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25; Hensel, 17.5; greatest mastoid breadth, 13.5; length of interparietal, 37; greatest width of inter- parietal, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 6.1; length of nasals, 9.3. 371. goldmani (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900, Pp. 54. GOLDMAN’s Pocket MOUSE. Type locality. Sinaloa, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico; coast plains. Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; similar in color to P. nelsoni. Color. Upper parts broccoli brown, darkened on anterior half with black; lateral line pinkish buff; ear whitish exteriorly for apical half; under parts white; tail blackish above, white below. Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebra, 108; hind foot, 28. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27.7; Hensel, 20.6; greatest mas- toid width, 14.3; length of interparietal, 3.8; greatest width of inter- parietal, 6.5; interorbital constriction, 6.5; length of nasals, 11.1. a.—artus (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, r1g00, Pp. 55: Batopitas Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Batopilas, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. States of Chihuahua, Durango, and Sinaloa, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to P. goldmani; rump bristles undeveloped; slight cranial differences. 366 PEROGNATHUS, Color. Indistinguishable from P. goldmant. The less prominent rump bristles seem chiefly to distinguish this from the preceding one. Measurements. Total length, 191; tail vertebre, 106; hind foot, 24.6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.4; Hensel, 18.8; greatest mas- toid breadth, 12.4; length of interparietal, 3.3; greatest width of interparietal, 7.1; interorbital constriction, 6.1; length of nasals, 9.7. 372. fallax (Perognathus), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 1, 1889, p. 19, pl. 11, fig. 14. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1go1, p. 254. SHORT-EARED CALIFORNIA PocKET MOUSE. Type locality. Reche Canon, three miles southeast of Colton, San Bernardino County, California. Geogr. Distr. Northern Lower California, Mexico, into southern California. Genl. Char. Large; tail crested, longer than head and body; antitragal lobe higher than broad; soles naked. Color. Above dark grizzled yellowish brown lined with black; lateral line pale fulvous, covering upper surface of fore leg; beneath white; tail above sooty brown, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 183-211; tail vertebre, 104-126; hind foot, 24-25; ear,6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 18; greatest mastoid breadth, 14; length of interparietal, 3.8; greatest width of interparietal, 7.8; interorbital constriction, 6.6; length of nasals, Io. a.—pallidus (Perognathus), Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xtv, TgOr, Pp. E35: Pattip Pocket Mouse. Type locality. East slope of the Coast Range Mountains, on the Mexican boundary line, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, north to Riverside County, California. Genl. Char. Similar to P. fallax, but paler. Color. Above pale broccoli brown, slightly mixed with black; under parts creamy white; lateral line pale pinkish buff; tail drab; feet creamy white; ears sparsely covered with white hairs. Measurements. ‘‘Average of six specimens: total length, 195 (188-206); tail vertebre, 107 (98-112); htnd foot, 24.2 (23.7—25); ear from crown, 6.9 (6.5—7).’’ (Mearns, 1. c.) 373. anthonyi (Perognathus), Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 18, 1900, p. 56. AntTHONY’s Pocket Mouse. Type locality. South Bay, Cerros or Cedros Island, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. ‘ ; Fae PEROGNATHUS, 367 Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality. Genl. Char. Similar to P. fallax, but smaller, and comparative differences in skull. Color. Upper parts grayish fawn, mixed with black; lateral line faint, brownish fawn; white spots under eye; tail above dusky, beneath whitish. Measurements. Total length, 168; tail vertebre, 92; hind foot, 23.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25.4; Hensel, 17.4; greatest mas- toid breadth, 12.9; length of interparietal, 2.6; greatest width of interparietal, 5.8; interorbital constriction, 6; length of nasals, 1o.2. 374. femoralis (Perognathus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 281. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 254. GREAT CALIFORNIA Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Dulzura, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Northern Lower California, Mexico, and adjoining portions of southern California. Genl. Char. Tail much longer than head and body; size large. Color. Above grayish yellowish brown, lined with black; lateral line fulvous; fore legs, feet, and under parts white; tail above sooty brown, including tip, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 198-241; tail vertebra, 112-133; hind foot, 25-27. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29.6; Hensel, 20.3; greatest mastoid breadth, 14.3; length of interparietal, 4; greatest width of interparietal, 8.1; length of nasals, 11.4; interorbital con- striction, 7.1. a.—mesopolius (Perognathus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111 1903, p. 168. Zodlogy. Gray Pocket Mouse. Type locality. Pifion, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico; 5,000 feet elevation. Genl. Char. Size large; ear large; hind foot and tail long; similar in color to P. jemoralis, but grayer and without the bistre hue. Skull with greater interorbital constriction and less mastoid breadth. Color. Above mixed pale gray and light buff, lined sparingly with black; sides grayer than upper parts; lateral line bright buff; under parts, hands, and feet pure white; tail and pencil dusky above, white beneath; ears light brown. Measurements. Total length, 232; tail vertebra, 136; hind foot, 27; ear, 14. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 27; Hensel, 18; zygomatic width, 13; mastoid breadth, 13; interorbital constriction, 6; palatal length, ro; length of nasals, 10; posterior width of nasals 2; anterior width of nasals, 3; greatest width of rostrum, 5. ’ 368 HETEROMYS., The harsh pelage exhibited in Perognathus and Chatodipus of the Pocket Mice, is in the members of Hrereromys carried farther, even to the presence of small flattened spines in the fur. They are animals of moderate size, with tails about equaling the head and body in length, of various colorations, with a heavier skull, and incisors smooth in front. Only one species is found north of the Mexican boundary, but a number are natives of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. They have a rather long, slender body, and moderately short legs. 74. Heteromys. Spiny Pouched Rats. l=; P=; M. 3 = 20, I eas | } Heteromys Desm., Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. Mamm., 1817, p. 313. Type Mus anomalus Thompson. Dasynotus Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amphib., 1830, p. 21. Saccomys F, Cuv., Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, x, 1823, p. 419. Xylomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 43. Liomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 44. Molars rooted; flattened spines mingled with the fur; skull almost flat above, slightly arched in middle of superior outline; nasals projecting beyond incisors; mastoids level with plane of occiput; zygomata depressed, but not dipping to level of palate; occiput Fia. 69. HETEROMYS GAUMERI. No, S844 Field Columbian Mus, Coll, Nat, size, Uprer TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW, Enlarged & times Enlarged & times, HETEROMYS, 369 horizontal, flat; tail long, exceeding body and head; soles hairy, with five tubercles; pouches covered with hair; tail scaly, short hairs from between the scales. A. *Heteromys. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS. A. Pelage harsh; flattened spines present. a. Soles hairy, 5-tuberculate. PAGE a.’ Above mixed grayish yellow and black..../. irroratus 369 b.’ Above grizzled smoke gray and yellow...... H. bulleri 369 b. Soles hairy, 6-tuberculate. a.’ Above grizzled black and yellowish........ H. salvinit 370 by, Above dark smoke brown.........5., H. s. nigrescens 370 G Above dark smoke ordi... .\.. ¢s gues) H. gaumeri 371 a Above blackighthrowii.. «........ndieses H, annectens 372 ® Above reddismimrowi.......cayeeeo | H. hispidus 371 c. Soles naked, 6-tuberculate. a, Above chestnutibrown..:....0.9.6- H, desmarestianus 372 Db. ‘Above blackishiarown:.... .cumetesle. . H. longicaudatus 372 c.’ Above mixed dusky, brown, and ochra- SSIS. Memes akg AS pele kn Sem s Nigamve iowa of gle H. repens +372 CT OVOCUSY BEAV wait ncaks . MERWE Oo H. goldmani 373 e. Above prizzledwonth tulvous.....05..... H. g. lepturus 373 f.’ Above drab grizzled: with Dlack............ H. griseus 373 g.’ Above black, mixed with ochre yellow...H. adspersus 373 375. irroratus (Hceteromys), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 205. LA Parapa Spiny Rat. Type locality. La Parada, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Tail short, hairy; lateral line present. Color. Upper parts grayish yellow, mixed with black; lips and under parts, inner side of legs, and feet white; faint lateral line pale fawn; tail beneath white. Measurements. Head and body, 118; tail, imperfect ? 106; hind foot and claws, 32.5. (ex mounted specimen in Brit. Mus. O. Thomas in litt.) 376. bulleri (Heteromys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., Ki, Te04; 074930. *The arrangement of the members of HerrEromys under its two subgenera Heteromys and Liomys cannot be satisfactorily accomplished, as the teeth of the adults in various instanees have no distinguishing characters; hence the present separation of the species and races in the keys given may be regarded only as tentative. 370 HETEROMYS, BuLLER'S SPINY Rat. Type locality. La Laguna, Sierra de Juanacatlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet. Geogr. Distr. High elevations, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size between H. allent and H. trroratus; skull stout. Color. Above grizzled smoky gray and yellow; lateral line yel- lowish; under parts pure white; hands and feet white; arms white to elbow; hind leg dark gray on outer side, white on inner; tail brown above, white beneath; ears without white edges. Measurements. Total length, 234; tail, 120; hind foot, 28.5; ear from notch, 1t5. Skull: basal length, 29.5; greatest length, 34.5; greatest breadth, 16.8; length of nasals, 13.5; interorbital constric- tion, 8.5; length of interparietal, 4; breadth of interparietal, 6.4; palatal length, 21; length of upper molar series, 5.3. 377. salvini (Heteromys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., XI, 1893, Pp. 331. longicaudatus, Alst., Biol. Cent. Am., Mamm., 1, 1880, p. 167, pl. xvi, fig. 2. (nec Gray.) SALVIN’s Spiny Rat. Type locahty. Duenas, Gautemala. Genl. Char. Size equal to that of H. bullert; feet shorter; fur spiny. Color. General hue grizzled black and yellowish above; under parts pure white; outer sides of forearm slaty gray; tail brown above, whitish below, Measurements. Total length, about 210; tail, 95; hind foot, 26.5. Skull: basal length, 28; greatest length, 33.6; greatest breadth, 15.2; length of nasals, 13.1; interorbital constriction, 7.6; length of inter- parietal, 4.5; breadth of interparietal, 10.2; palatal length, 19.2; length of upper molar series, 4.4. a.—nigrescens (Heteromys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., XII, 1893, p. 234. BLACK Spiny Rar. Type locality. Costa Rica. Genl. Char. Similar to H. salvint, but dorsal region uniform in color. Color, Above dark uniform smoky brown; a few yellow-tipped hairs on sides; lateral line absent; limbs dark gray; under parts white; tail above brown, beneath white. Measurements, “Length of head and body, 127; tail incomplete; hind foot without claws, 25. ‘Skull: greatest length, 32.7; greatest breadth, 15.4; length of nasals, 3.8; interorbital constriction, 6.8; HETEROMYS, 371 breadth of interparietal, 8; length of interparietal, 4.1; length of upper molar series, 4.7.” 378. gaumeri (//etcromys), Allen & Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hijev,, 1897, Dp. On GAUMER’S SPINY Rat. Type locality. Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; premaxille and nasals terminating equally. Color. Above dark smoke gray; sides lighter, fulvous; lateral line and outer surface of fore legs orange ochraceous; outer surface of hind legs like back; under parts and inner surface of limbs white; ears dusky with white edges; tail crested and tufted, dusky above, grayish white below; middle of dorsal surface covered with spines which are whitish at base, black apically, and mixed in with orange ochraceous hairs. Measurements. Total length, 292; tail vertebre, 162; hind foot, and claw, 32; ear from notch, 14.5. Skull: basal length, 31; greatest length, 37; greatest breadth, 16; interorbital breadth, 10.5; length of nasals, 16; length of interparietal, 11; palatal length, 20; upper tooth row, 5. 379. annectens (Heteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, TOG2. 1p. 43. ALLIED SPINY Rar. Type locality. Pluma, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail long; skull similar to that of H. gaumert, but ‘‘smaller, narrower interorbitally, with more abruptly spreading zygomata and smaller interparietal.’’ Hind foot 6-tuberculate. Color. Upper parts blackish brown; lateral line fulvous; under parts, hands, and feet white, the latter sometimes ‘‘clouded’’; tail above dusky, beneath whitish, except tip, which is all dark. Measurements. Total length, 300; tail vertebrz, 165; hind foot, 33. 380. hispidus (Heteromys), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, De 50k Hispip Spiny Rar. Type locality. Compostella, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Territorio de Tepic, Mexico. Genl. Char. Pelage soft; soles 6-tuberculate, hairy. Color. Upper parts reddish brown, mixed with black-tipped bristles; under parts and feet white; lateral line reddish fulvous; tail above pale brown, beneath lighter. 372 HETEROMYS. Measurements. Total length, 220-230; tail vertebra, 115-123; hind foot, 27-28; ear, 13.5. Skull: total length, 30; basal length, 24; greatest mastoid breadth, 13.5; interorbital constriction, 7; length of nasals, 12; palatal length, re. 381. desmarestianus (Heteromys), Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1868, p. 204. Alston, Biol. Centr. Amer., Mamm., I, 1880, p. 167, pl. 27, Tous CoBan Spiny Rat. Type locality. Coban, Guatemala. Geogr. Distr. Guatemala. Genl. Char. Ears moderate; teeth small, keeled, narrow in front.”’ Color. ‘‘Chestnut brown; tip of nape, lips, chin, and under side of the body, hands, and feet and under side of tail white; spines of back white with chestnut tips.’”’ (Gray, 1. c.) Measurements. Total length, 247.5; tail, 118.5. ‘upper flat, lower 382. longicaudatus (Heteromys), Gray, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1868, Pp. 204. LONG-TAILED Spiny Rat. Tultusia in Guatemala, also applied to Heterogeomys torridus. Type locality. Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Tail long; no lateral line; soles 6-tuberculate. Color. Above blackish brown, in some specimens with rufous intermixed; sides dark drab brown, uniform, or mixed with rufous; limbs uniform in color with sides; under parts, hands, and feet white; tail above blackish brown, beneath yellowish. Measurements. Total length, 247.15; tail, 118.75. 383. repens (Helcromys), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., xxxr1x, 1902p. 45. BoQueETE SPINY Rat. Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000 feet. Genl, Char, Size large; feet large; soles 6-tuberculate. Color. Top of nose and face grayish dusky; upper parts of body mixed dusky, brown, and tawny ochraceous; no lateral line; upper lip, under parts, and inner sides of arms and legs white; upper sur- face of arms gray; outer surface of legs dusky; tail above dusky, beneath white, pencil whitish; ears dusky, bordered with whitish. Measurements. Total length, 282-300; tail vertebra, 145-155; hind foot, 32-33; ear, 14-15. Skull: type; basal length, 31.4; occipito-nasal length, 35.4; zygomatic width, 16.4; mastoid width, HETEROMYS. 373 14.8; interorbital width, 9.2; length of nasals, 14.8; width of nasals, 4.2; upper molar series, 4.8; length of single half mandible, 17.2; (Bangs, l. c.) 384. goldmani (//eteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, DP. -At. GOLDMAN’S SPINY Rat. Type locality. Chicharras, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; tail longer than head and body, naked; sole of hind foot with 6 pads. Color. Above dusky gray, head and back darkest; upper lip, inner side of limbs, hands, and feet and under parts white; tail dusky above, paler below, tip whitish; ears without white edges. Measurements. Total length, 347; tail vertebre, 199; hind foot, 40. a.—lepturus (Heteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, D.-42. SHORT-TAILED SPINY Rat. Type locality. Mountains near Santo Domingo, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to H. goldmant, but smaller and not so black. Color. ‘‘Head and back grizzled with fulvous; nose and ankles dusky by contrast; hind feet and tail decidedly shorter; rostrum broader, broadening gradually to zygomata with much less of the usual notch.”’ Measurements. ‘Total length, 340; tail vertebra, 191; hind foot, ag. (Merr, bag 385. griseus (Heteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, Pp. 42. ° Gray Spiny Rat. Type locality. Mountains near Tonala, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; hind foot 6-tuberculate. Color. Above drab, grizzled with black; upper lip, hands, feet, and under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath whitish, tip dark all around; faint buff lateral line on head and body; ears without white edging. Measurements. Total length, 325; tail vertebra, 186; hind foot, 38. , 386. adspersus (Heteromys), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1874, p. 357. SPOTTED SPINY Rar. Type locality. Panama. 374 HETEROMYS., Genl. Char. Soles 6-tuberculate; tail half as long as head and body. Color. Head dark gray; upper parts black, mixed with ochre , yellow, base of all the hairs white; flat grooved spines, with black tips; the stiff hairs with a black ring and reddish yellow tip, these last distributed sparingly over the head and rump; tip of nose, lips, inner sides of arms and legs and under parts of body white; tail above black, beneath white; ears naked on outer side, black on inner. Measurements. Total length, 240; tail, 95; hind foot and claw, 30. B. Liomys. I. P.—; M23 = 20. I— I—I 3-3 Pelage harsh; tail well haired; molars with two parallel trans- verse loops, without “‘ additional lobes or permanent enamel islands,”’ uniting in old animals and forming a horseshoe as in Heteromys. Fig. 70. HETEROMYS (LIOMYS) ALBOLIMBATUS. No. 8673 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size. LOWER TOOTH ROW. UPPER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 6 times. Enlarged 6 times. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS. A. Soles 5-tuberculate. PAGE a. Above mixed black and yellowish black. .H. albolimbatus 375 b. Above mixed gray and pale fulvous........... H. canus 375 c. Above blackish-and buff ¥gegee. .. 2. eee Oo H. allent 376 d. Above grizzled gray. a.’ Dark ‘‘saddle’’ on middle of back......... H. torridus 376 b.’ No. “saddle%,on @iddle of Bback.......... H.t. minor 377 e. Above mixed buff and brownish black........ H. exiguus 377 Above grizzled fulvous and black...... H. plantinarensis 377 HETEROMYS, 375 g. Above mixed grizzled rufous and orange. PAGE GSO, Re Gece. Ua H. pictus 377 ee nS sc. a HI. p. rostratus 378 h. ABOMweepale grigmipammutous..)...5....)... H. p..1sthmius 378 B. Soles 6-tuberculate. a. Above grizzled brownish fulvous............ H. parviceps 378 b. Above mixed grayish drab and fulvous...... H. sonorana 379 C.wameve mixed blaeieand fulvous......7ee.. Hl. verecrucis 379 d. Above mixed black fulvous and whitish..... H. obscurus 379 e. Above drab brown, mixed with black and MeweatULVOUS geminata... ok ea H. pheura 379 feeapove dark browgeand) dulvous.......4,.5.5 H. orbitalis 380 g. Above gray, sprinkled with white............ H. crispus 380 leeepove darker ofay in @olot.).... 1...) un. . H.c¢. setosus 380 i. Above dark drab brown, grizzled with black Bian ferrugingous sme eras. . . Ree weyers». FH. heterothrix 380 j. Above blackish brown, reddish or gray...... H. paralius 381 387. albolimbatus (Heteromys), Gray, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1868, p. 205. Gray’s Spiny Mouse. Type locality. La Parada, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Edges of ears and tip of tail white; tail long as body Color. Above mixed gray, black, and yellow; lateral line buff saddle conspicuous; rump gray; under parts and feet white; tai above blackish brown, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 207-226; tail vertebre, 108-113; hind foot, 25-28. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29.5; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 14; interorbital constriction, 7.5; length of nasals, 10.5; length of upper molar series, 5; length of mandibles, 13; length of lower tooth row, 5. 388. canus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 44. Hoary Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Parral, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size large; hind foot 5-tuberculate. Skull similar to that of H. alleni, but larger and heavier and with broader inter- orbital space. Color. Above gray, mixed with pale fulvous, white, and dark gray, lateral line indistinct; under parts, hands, and feet white; tail blackish above, white beneath, tip all dark. Measurements. Total length, 276; tail vertebre, 138; hind foot, 34. 376 HETEROMYS, ‘ 1 a ae) Fig. L. HETEROMYS ALLENI. ALLEN'S SPINY MOUSE. 389. alleni (//eteromys), Coues, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., vir, 1881, p. 187. ALLEN’s Spiny Mouse. Type locality, Hacienda Angostura, Rio Verde, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Genl. Char. Soles hairy, 5-tuberculate; tail long; pelage coarse, with flattened spines intermixed in the hairs; incisors yellow. Color. Above blackish, the hairs having buff bases and tips black, the lighter color showing amid the darker one; narrow lateral line from nose to thighs bright buff; under parts white; upper part of arms and thighs like back; hands and feet white; ears like back, edged with white; lips white; tail bicolor, above black, beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 238-260; tail, 115-136; hind foot, 28-30. 390. torridus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, Pp. 45. Torrip Spiny Mouse, Type locality. Cuicatlan, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; arms whitish, hind foot 5-tuberculate. Color. Above gray, grizzled with black, forming saddle on the back; lateral line indistinct; arms, hands, feet, and under parts whitish; tail above dark, beneath whitish, tip all dark. HETEROMYS, B77 Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebrae, 125; hind foot, 27. a.—minor (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 45. SMALLEST SPINY MOousE, Type locality, Wuajuapam, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Like H. torridus, but smaller. Color. Above grizzled gray, no saddle on back, remainder similar to L. torridus. Measurements. Total length, 222; tail vertebre, 125; hind foot, 27. 391. exiguus (//eleromys), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 146. Zodlogy. LitTLE Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Puenta de Ixtla, State of Morelos, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; above buff and dark brown, and with a ‘“saddle”’ on back. Color. Above mixed buff brownish black and dark gray, forming a dark ‘‘saddle”’ on middle of back; sides of head, neck, and body, rump, and thighs light gray; lips, under parts, and hands white; arms, legs, and feet yellowish white; tail above blackish brown, beneath white; no lateral line separating the gray of sides from the white under parts. Measurements. Total length, 185; tail vertebre, 106; hind foot, 24. (Type.) 392. plantinarensis (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 46. PLANTINAR SPINY MOUSE. Type locality. Plantinar, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; ears small; tail but slightly haired; rostrum and nasals curved, the latter notched posteriorly; hind foot 5-tuberculate. Color. Above grizzled fulvous and black; lateral line fulvous, broad; under parts yellowish white; hands and feet white; tail drab above, beneath whitish; ear edged with whitish. Measurements. Total length, 202; tail vertebre, 102; hind foot, 26. 393. pictus (Heleromys), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., KI, 1893, pe 233. PAINTED Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Mineral San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 4,300 feet. ™ aa io Ps iia i cl Nae o 378 HETEROMYS, Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size and dimensions of skull similar to those of H, salvinit from Guatemala, Color. Above mixed grizzled rufous and orange; sides bright rufous; lateral line orange rufous; fore limbs white; hind limbs dusky on outer sides, white on inner; under parts white; tail blackish above, white beneath; ear black, edges white. Measurements. Total length, 217; tail, 113; hind foot, 24.8; ear from notch, 12. a.—rostratus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Xv, 1902, p. 46. LONG-NOSED Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Ometepec, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to H, pictus, but somewhat larger; pelage coarser. Skull heavy; nasals long, truncate, or notched posteriorly. Color. Like that of H. pictus, but not so red. Measurements. Total length, 252; tail vertebra, 133; hind foot, 29. b.—isthmius (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 46. IsTHMIAN Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to H, pictus, but differing in color. Color. Similar to H. pictus, but with the upper parts very much paler and less red, and lateral line faint or absent; cheeks pale grayish brown. Measurements. Total length, 245; tail vertebrae, 130; hind foot, 30. *393a. parviceps (Liomys) Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvu, rgo04, p. 82. ‘ URUAPAN Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Uruapan, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Genl, Char. Size very small, hind feet short, 6-tuberculate. Color. Upper parts grizzled brownish fulvous; under parts white; faint fulvous lateral line; tail above brownish, beneath whitish; hands and feet white; ears with white edges. Measurements, Total length, 202; tail vertebrae, 110; hind foot, 24. Skull: greatest length, 28.3; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 6.7; length of nasals, 11.5; interparietal, 3.28.3; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 4.2. *Description published too late to be included in the regular order of numerals, HETEROMYS. 379 394. sonorana (/iomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, Pp: 47- SONORA Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Alamos, State of Sonora, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; skull with long and slender rostrum, the sides parallel; nasals long, emarginate posteriorly; hind foot 6-tuberculate. Color. Above grayish drab, grizzled with fulvous and dark hairs; lateral line fulvous; under parts, hands, and feet white; brown band across nose; tail above dusky; beneath whitish, grading into dusky on terminal third; ears edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 262; tail vertebrae, 142; hind foot, 32ne 395. verzcrucis (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, Pp. 47. VERA Cruz Spiny Mouse. Type locality. San Andreas Tuxtla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; skull small; upper surface of anterior root of zygomata strongly depressed and rounded; nasals notched posteriorly ; interparietal sub-triangular; hind foot 6-tuberculate. Color. Above dark brown, mixed with black and fulvous; lateral line faint on sides of body; under parts white; tail dusky above, whitish beneath; ankles dusky. Measurements. Total length, 220; tail vertebre, 108; hind root, 25. 396. obscurus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 48. Dusky Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Carrizal, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size rather large; skull heavy, and with high brain- case; hind foot 6-tuberculate. Color. Above blackish, grizzled with fulvous and whitish, and becoming grayish on the sides. Measurements. Total length, 230; tail vertebra, 124; hind foot, 31. 397. phzeura (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 48. DARK-TAILED Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Pinotepa, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; ears large; hind foot 6-tuberculate; tail short, unicolor except basal third beneath. Skull broad, short, and flat; rostrum and nasals short, slender. — a ae 380 HETEROMYS. Color. Above drab brown, mixed with black and pale fulvous; lateral line fulvous; tail all dusky except basal third beneath which is paler. Measurements. Total length, 204; tail vertebre, 95 (broken); hind foot, 29. 398. orbitalis (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 48. CaTEMACO SPINY Mouse. Type locality. Catemaco, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size medium; skull broad, heavy; nasals suddenly expanding on anterior half; zygomata widely and squarely spread; rostrum short, sides parallel; superciliary beads developed, reaching to middle of parietals; hind foot 6-tuberculate. Color. Above dark brown, slightly grizzled with fulvous, blackish on middle of back; lateral line indistinct; hands, feet, and under parts white; tail above dusky, beneath whitish, tip all dark. Measuremenis. Total length, 225; tail vertebre, 109; hind foot, 29. 399. crispus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p- 49. CurLy Spiny Mouwse. Type locality. Tonala, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size small; tail shorter than head and body, scantily haired; hind foot 6-tuberculate. Color. Above gray, sprinkled with white, darkest on dorsal region, the hairs with tips recurved; hands, feet, and under parts whitish; no lateral line; ears without white edges; tail dusky, paler beneath. Measurements. Total length, 210; tail vertebre, 99 (broken); hind foot, 27.5. a.—setosus (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 49. HuEHUETAN SPINy Mouse. Type locality. Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to H. crispus, but with coarser pelage; tail longer; skull larger, and with its characters correspondingly inten- sified; nasals more cuneate, truncate posteriorly. Color. Like H. crispus, but darker and with fewer recurved hairs. Measurements. Total length, 225; tail vertebre, r1o; hind foot, 209. 400. heterothrix (Liomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, P. 50. HETEROMYS. B81 Honpuras Spiny Mouse. Type locality. San Pedro Sula, Honduras. Genl. Char. Size medium; tail nearly naked; skull similar to that of H. c. setosus, but larger and heavier; roots of zygomata broad; hind foot 6-tuberculate. Color. Above dark drab brown, grizzled with ferrugineous and black; hands, feet, and under parts yellowish white; tail dark above, paler below. Measurements. Total length, 255; tail vertebre, 126; hind foot, 31. 401. paralius (Heteromys), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 233. Zodlogy. LitToRAL Spiny MOUvsE. Type locality. San Carlos, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to H. texensis; size large; tail long, usually with a white tip; grayish patch behind ears; ears large; skull with a greater occipito-nasal length and wider zygomatic arch; soles 6-tuberculate. Color. Top of head and back behind shoulders blackish brown mixed with reddish, the base of hairs grayish; back of ears and sides of head and body grayish, with blackish brown hairs intermingled; lateral stripe bright buff, extending from nose to thighs; nose and upper lip, hands, and feet white; under parts yellowish white; a patch of orange buff on each side of root of tail; tail above black, beneath whitish, with an all-around white tip. Measurements. Total length, 255; tail vertebrae, 136; hind foot, 29. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 33; Hensel, 23; interorbital con- striction, 8; zygomatic width, 15; length of nasals, 12; palatal length, 13; length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, 13; length of lower molar series, 4. C. Xylomys. Sty aT. a I; lee M.S= 20. Xylomys Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 43. Type Heteromys nelsoni Merriam. Pelage without bristles. Skull has small superorbital beads and a high and rounded braincase; frontals elongate; maxillary root of zygomata large, rectangular; no tubercle over root of lower incisor; lower jaw broad, the angle everted slightly; last upper molar with two transverse loops and a posterior loop; posterior prism double. 402. nelsoni. (Heteromys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, P. 43. 382 HETEROMYS. OCTODONTID&. LONCHERINZ, NELSON’s Spiny Mouse. Type locality. Pinabete, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size very large; ears large. Skull long, slender superorbital beads faint. Color. Above mouse gray, darkest on top of head; upper lip, hands, feet, under parts, inner side of fore legs and streak on hind leg white; hind feet clouded above; ears without white edges. Measurements. Total length, 356; tail vertebre, 195; hind foot, 43.5. Fam. VI. Octodontidze. The Octodonts. This Family has been divided into several subfamilies, only two of which, the CApRoMyIN® and LONCHERIN4, are necessary to be mentioned as coming within the scope of this work. Save one species, the Coypu (Myocastor coypu), yielding the ‘‘Nutria fur’’ of commerce, the members of this family are not generally known except to naturalists, and among them, in the New World and on certain of its islands, are found the curious Tree Rats of the genus Capromys, from which the name of the first of the above-mentioned subfamilies is derived; the allied PLAGIopONTIA and various species of Spiny Rats of different genera compose the other subfamily LoNCHERIN&%. Their trivial names are Hedge-hog or Spiny Rats, as many have variously shaped spines mingled with the fur. Some are of considerable size, and all have a more or less harsh fur, in some instances even bristly. The various species are arboreal, terrestial, or aquatic in habits, the Coypu having webbed hind feet and a cylin- drical, tapering otter-like tail. The technical characters by which these subfamilies are separated exist chiefly in the skull and teeth. Subfam. I. Loncherine. In the succeeding genera the fur is usually mixed with flattened lancet-shaped spines, contracted at the base, and acutely pointed. Sometimes they are ridged, and never project beyond the hair. Some species are prettily marked in brown and white, but many have sombre hues only. Certain members of this subfamily are destitute of spines, and so the trivial names for these animals would be inappropriate for them, but it will answer well enough for the majority of the species found within the limits of this work. LONCHERES. 383 75. Loneheres. l=; P.—; M== = vo. it | =I aa | Loncheres Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., 1811, p. 90. Type S*) Myoxus chrysurus Zimm.=Echinomys cristatus Desmarest. Lonchetes Billberg, Syn. Faun. Scandinav., 1, 1828, Mamm., Con- spectus A. Palate long, narrow, V-shaped posteriorly; nasals long, broad anteriorly, decreasing in width to posterior end, which is truncate and on a line with the premaxille; rostrum deep; interorbital con- striction moderate; braincase broad anteriorly, narrowing slightly towards occipital region; zygomata parallel with axis of skull, nearly straight, the jugal composing most of the arch; bulle large, swollen slightly, oblique; interpterygoid fossa broad, widest posteriorly; hamular processes of pterygoids long, abutting the bulla; upper ONO YO ODaLS Fic. 71. LONCHERES LABILIS. Mus. Comp. Zodl. Coll. Nat. size. UPPER TOOTH ROW, LOWER TOOTH ROW. Enlarged 3 times. Enlarged 3 times. 384 LONCHERES. molars with one internal and three external loops; lower molars with one external and two internal loops; mandible broad with conspicuous bead on inferior outline, the angle prolonged into a lengthened delicate spur; condyle broad, rounded at extremity; coronoid process short, pointed; symphyseal portion narrow, lower outline V-shaped. 403. labilis (Loncheres), Bangs, Amer. Nat., XXxv, 1901, p. 638. Guipinc Spiny Rat. Type locality. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama. Genl. Char. Pelage long, stiff; spines wanting. Se AR Fic. LI. LONCHERES LABILIS. GLIDING SPINY RAT. Color. Top of head, nose, and cheeks mixed black and yellowish; patch of yellowish white at base of whiskers, also one above eye and behind ear; rest of upper parts bright ferrugineous, varied with black in certain specimens; chin grayish white; under parts buff or ferru- gineous—in some individuals these colors show in patches; upper surface of hands and feet yellowish brown; nails white; tail at base like body, then black, tipped sometimes with yellowish white; ears blackish, nearly naked. Measurements. Total length, 420-540; tail vertebre, 175-240; hind foot, 42-48; ear from notch, 14-16. Skull: basal length, 47.8; occipito-nasal length, 56.6; zygomatic width, 27.4; mastoid width, 22.4; interorbital constriction, 12; length of nasals, 16; width of nasals, 7.2; palatal leggth, to palatal notch, 21.2; to end of pterygoid, 30.4; upper tooth row, 13; length of single half mandible, 34; lower tooth row, I 3-2. The next is a comparatively large genus of moderate sized Spiny Rats. One curious characteristic of these animals is the tendency to lose their tails, the separation taking place at the fifth caudal ver- PROECHINOMYS. 385 tebre at the posterior border of the pelvis. The fifth caudal is abnormal, the posterior half having apparently been lost by absorp- tion. This interesting fact was ascertained by Mr. F. M. Chapman,* who also states that on skinning specimens the tail easily broke away at the fifth caudal vertebre. So frequently does the loss of the tail occur, that in Trinidad the natives believe there are two species, those with tails, and the tailless. 76. +Proechinomys. Spiny Rats. I—; P.—;M Sima ail ite Tee “St = 20. Proechimys (sic) Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1899, p. 264. Type Echimys! trinitatis Allen & Chapman. Echimys (sic) Geoff. St. Hil., Ann. Scien. Nat., 2me Sér., x, 1838, pP- 125. (mec Ge Cuvier, 1809:) Jd. Mag. Zodl., 2me Sér., 1840, p. 30. Nasals very long, rounded anteriorly, narrowing posteriorly, and longer than premaxille; orbital constriction slight, greatest width of skull at fronto-parietal suture; bulle large, converging to a point anteriorly; interpterygoid fossa broad, widest anteriorly; processes of the pterygoids long and broad, shaped somewhat like the head of a spear, pointed, the exterior half twisted outward and lying parallel with axis of skull; palate short, wide, posterior margin with V-shaped notch; incisive foramina broad, rather short; root of upper incisor curving backward to anterior base of zygoma; molar pattern rather simple, upper premolars with two external and two internal loops, the molars with two internal; lower molars with two external loops. Lower part of mandible broadly flattened and rounded outward, narrowing anteriorly to angle, which terminates in a short pointed process; condyle very broad, slightly rounded; coronoid process short, and pointed backward. KEY TO SPECIES AND ISUBSPECIES PAGE Eeiands sand festeashy brown). . .\. 2 oghaks.... P. semispinosus 386 Dewands and feetidull whitish...:...30.... . Ue .P. centralis 386 C. Hands and feet brown. Bee DOVE Gar MOUS.) !)0...... 2. sae cues P.c. chriquinus 387 Dee OVe Palerwwe. «Jens... P.c. panamensis 387 c. Above deep ferrugineous and brownish black...P. burrus 388 * Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 226. Teyevoo, wOo=Ecuinomys nec Echimys=PROECHINOMYS. iso PROECHINOMYS 404. semispinosus (/cc/imys!), Tomes, Proc, Zodl. Soc., 1860, p, 265 SHORT-SPINED RAT ype locality Keuador Geogr, Dist Nicaragua south to Ecuador Genl, Ghar, Sige large; ears small; tail half as long as head and body; long and strong claws on hands and feet; spines short, flexible, confined to middle of back Cele Above mixed reddish brown and black: cheeks, sides of neck, and body paler; orbital ring black; under parts white; tail above black, beneath ashy brown: hands and feet ashy Weasurements Total length, brown 370-400; tail vertebra, 140-160; hind foot, 47-55; ear, r8-rg, Skull: total length, 57; zygomatic breadth, 29; upper tooth row, 16; length of nasals, 21 FiG. 72, PROECHINOMYS CENTRAL NX sas2 U.S. Nat. Mus, ( N #05. centralis hereomeyvs), Thomas, Ann. Ma XVIII SOO, p PROECHINOMYS, BBT NICARAGUAN SPINy Rat, Type locality, San Emilio, north end of Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua. Geogr, Distr. Costa Rica, Nicaragua. Genl, Char, Similar to P. semispinosus, but brighter colored; nasals pointed posteriorly; zygomata broad; pterygoid processes broad, spatulate. Color. Similar to P, semispinosus, ‘but brighter and richer, less heavily black-lined on the back, and with the spineless fur of the sides and rump much brighter rufous; hands and feet dull whitish above, the darker mark which runs along the outer side of the meta- tarsal in some species little marked,’’ (Thomas, 1. ¢.) Measurements, Total length, 437; tail, 170; hind foot, 55 (dried skin). Skull: basal length, 47.5; basilar length, 41; greatest breadth, 26.5; length of nasals, 21.3; width of nasals, 6; interorbital constriction, 12.5; breadth of interparietal, 12.5; Hensel, 20; length of palatine foramina, 5; width, 2.5; length of upper molar series, 9.2; length of mandible, condyle to the incisor, 34. a.—chiriquinus (Proechimys!), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., V, 1900, p. 220. BoGAva Spiny Rat, Type locahty, Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 800 feet, Geogr, Distr, Panama, Central America. Genl, Char, Similar to P, centralis, but darker. Skull: muzzle broad, heavy; nasals short, broad; supraorbital ridges broad, Color, Above dark rufous; sides of face grayish brown; feet brown. Measurements, otal length, 450; tail, 150; hind foot, 55; ear, 14. Skull: greatest breadth, 31; length of nasals, 23.5; width of nasals, 7.5; interorbital constriction, 15.8; greatest breadth on ridges, 25; palatal length from henselion, 23; length of upper molar series, 9.2; length of palatal foramina, 6.5; width of palatal foramina, 3.7. b.—panamensis (Proechimys!), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., “th Ser., V, 1900, p, 220. PANAMA Spiny Rar. Type locality. ‘Savanna near City of Panama,’’ Panama. Geogr, Distr. Panama, Central America. Genl, Char, Similar to P. centralis; head and shoulders grayish brown, Color. Above rufous; head and limbs grayish brown; cheek and sides of neck paler; hind feet brown, remainder like P. centralts. Measurements, Total length, 475; tail, 178; hind foot, 54; ear, 260, Skull: basilar length, 43; greatest breadth, 29; length of nasals, 388 PROECHINOMYS, CAPROMYINA, 24; interorbital constriction, 13.2; greatest breadth on ridges, 23.6; length of upper molar series, 8.9. 406. burrus (Proechimys!), Bangs, Am. Nat., XXXV, 1901, Pp. 640. San Micuet Spiny Rat. Type locality, San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama. Genl. Char. Similar to P. ¢. panamensts, but larger and more red; nasals long, broad, and truncate posteriorly. Coler. Upper parts deep ferrugineous, varied with brownish black; top of nose, cheeks, and lower sides more yellowish; anal regions like back; rest of under parts pure white; tail above black, beneath grayish; hands and feet dusky brown; ears dusky, nearly naked. Measurements. Total length, 410-490; tail vertebra, 140-205; hind foot, 50-60; ear from notch, 20-22. Skull: basal length, 52; occipito-nasal length, 61.2; zygomatic width, 29; mastoid width, 22.2; interorbital constriction, 13.4; length of nasals, 24.2; width of nasals, 7.6; length of palate to palatal notch, 21; end of pterygoid, 34; length of palatal foramina, 5.2; width of palatal foramina, 3; upper tooth row, 9.8; length of single half of mandible, 33.8; lower tooth row, 10.2. The subfamily CAPROMYIN& comprises large arboreal rats, which are found only in some of the West India islands, the Bahamas, and certain of the islands in the Gulf of Mexico. They have compara- tively short tails; in some species this member is very short, and one has a prehensile tail. All these are naked and scaly, only a few scattering hairs being observable. The food of these animals consists of leaves, twigs, and bark; and in one island at least, the most eastern of the Plana Keys, Mr. Ingraham observed the species that bears his name, associating together in considerable numbers. Not much is known of the habits of these singular creatures, but as their size makes them rather conspicuous and they are prac- tically defenseless, while their flesh is said to be palatable, it is probable they will, ere long, become extinct in the limited localities in which they are now found. Indeed, the species inhabiting Jamaica is stated to be practically extinct already. When on the ground they greatly resemble the muskrat in their shape and movements. ‘Subfam. Il. Capromyine. F. M. Chapman, A Reviston of the genus Capromys. Bull. Am, Mus. Nat. Hist., rgor, p. 313. CAPROMYS, 889 ¢. Capromys. l=; P=; M2 =20, 1 1 1 ) 5 Capromys Desmarest, Mém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat., 1, 1822, p. 43. Type Capromys fourntert Desmarest [sodon pilorides Say. Geocapromys Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rgo1, p. 314. Procapromys Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., rgor, p. 322. Incisors moderate; upper molars with one internal and two external enamel folds; ear rather small; tail long; form slender; habits arboreal. Fia. 73. CAPROMYS PILORIDES. No, 1140 Field Columbian Mus, Coll, % nat. size. REY TO>}THE. SPECIES ANDESUBSPECIES: A. Tail long. a. Above reddish chestnut and black, to reddish PAGE brown and black; beneath yellowish white. C. pilorides 390 390 CAPROMYS., PAGE b. Above yellowish brown, beneath paler...... C. melanurus 391 ec. Above dark reddish brown, beneath yellow- ish tinged with reddish posteriorly.......C. prehenstlis 391 d. Above buffy black and ferrugineous; under parts bully Wie gee 6. cts. eee C. p. gundlacht 392 e. Above brilliant yellowish red; grayish red Spot on backiogmmee <4. «tsa ecu s. ds mae C. elegans 392 B. Tail short. a. Above mixed black and golden brown; be- neath. yellowistieee cick «iiss sans. Se C.-brownt 393 b. Above blackish brown, chest white, belly yellowish gray cpg sie aks See sme C. thoracatus 394 c. Above mixed yellowish brown, gray, and black; beneath pale yellowish brown..... C. ingrahamt 394 Fic. Lil. CAPROMYS PILORIDES. HAIRY HUTIA. A. Capromys. 407. pilorides (/sodon), Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1, 1822, p. 333, fig. fourniert Desm., Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat., 1822, p. 43, pl. 1. guemt Fisch., Syn. Mamm., 1829, p. 312. Hairy Hurtta. Type locality. ‘“‘South America or one of the West Indian Islands.”’ Cuba? Geogr. Distr. Cuba. Genl. Char. Size large; tail long, sparsely haired; muzzle white. Coler. Variable; above reddish chestnut and black, the hairs being black, tipped with reddish chestnut, darkest on median line nd paler on the sides where the hairs are tipped with yellowish brown; nose and sides of head white, mixed with blackish and yel- CAPROMYS, 391 lowish brown; under parts mixed gray and yellowish brown; limbs, hands, and feet similar to back, but with less chestnut red; tail covered with scattering reddish brown hairs. Another style is yellowish brown and black above, and pale yellow and black on sides. Nose and sides of head with a large amount of white; under parts yellowish white from chin to tail, with the sides of the belly pale brown; tail yellowish; hands whitish; arms mixed black and yellowish white; legs and feet black to toes, which are whitish; ears blackish, edged with whitish hairs. The two styles are strikingly different. Measurements. Total length, 777; tail, 220; hind foot, 83 (skin). Skull: total length, 96; greatest zygomatic width, 48; length of Hensel, 78; mastoid breadth, 34; palatal length, 22; upper tooth row, 20; height of lower jaw at condyle, 30. 408. melanurus (Capromys), Poey, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1864, p. 384. Dobson, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1884, Pp. 233, pls. XvIII—XXI. BLACK-TAILED HoutTIa. Type locality. Manzanillo, Cuba. Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba. Genl. Char. Ears short, rounded, naked; eyes small; nostrils obliquely placed in end of muzzle; tail scaly, but clothed with long hairs; thumb rudimentary with small blunt claws; other digits with convex, acute claws; foot twice the size of the hand. Color. General hue yellowish brown, darkest on head and palest beneath the body, mixed with long projecting black hairs; the hair on head much shorter than on the body; tail blackish brown. Measurements. Total length, 595; tail, 266; ear, 25. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 75; edge of foramen magnum to alveoli of incisors, 57; length of nasals, 24; of frontal, 25; of parietal, 26; of upper molar series, 15.5. 409. prehensilis (Capromys), Poeppig, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Philks\ ts 18240). 00. PREHENSILE-TAILED HUutrTIA. Type locality. Southern Cuba. Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba. Genl. Char. Tail long, rather thickly covered with hair; pelage rather smooth; size moderate. Color. Nose pale whitish brown; top and sides of head dark reddish brown mixed with white; upper parts dark reddish brown, being a mixture of dark brown, reddish brown, yellowish, and black, 392 CAPROMYS, becoming more reddish on the rump; side paler, somewhat grayish; throat and breast grayish; rest of under parts yellowish, with a red- dish tinge near the inguinal region; limbs, hands, and feet like back; tail covered with short reddish hair. Measurements. Total length, 710; tail, 305; hind foot, 82; ear, 20. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 75; length of parietal, 27; of upper molar series, 18; width between upper premolars, 4; between pos- terior molars, 9. a.—eundlachi (Capromys), Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., BOOT, Pp. 317. GuNDLACH’s HutTIA. Type locality. Nueva Gerona, Isle of Pines, near Cuba. Genl. Char. Similar to C. prehensilis, but less rufous; zygomata heavier; postorbital process less produced; tail hairy throughout. Color. Above mixed buff, black, and ferrugineous; rump brighter ferrugineous; crown and cheeks brown, nose buffy; lower part of cheek whitish; under parts and inner side of limbs buffy white; tail mixed rufous and brownish black. Measurements. Total length, 695; tail, 300; hind foot, 80; ear, 23. Skull: greatest length, 80.5; greatest width, 40; width of post- orbital processes, 24.5; length of nasals, 22.5; of frontal, 26.5; of parietal, 28; length of upper molar series, 11.5; height of lower jaw at condyle, 26.5. 410. elegans (Capromys), Latorre, Bol. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., Madrid, 1, 1901, p. 372. LANCEOLATE-SPpoT HutTIA. Type locality. Cuba? Geogr. Distr. Unique specimen in Madrid Museum, presumably from Cuba. Genl. Char. Size smaller than C. prehensilis; large grayish red lanceolate spot on middle of back. Color. General color brilliant yellowish red; head, tail, and feet chestnut brown; tawny yellow spot between the eyes; on the back is a large spot shaped like the head of a lance, the point directed towards the rump, of an intense grayish red graduating into black towards the broadest part. This spot is surrounded by an irregular white band, which extends on the right flank toward the under surface. On the shoulders, front of hind legs, and at base of tail are numerous white hairs mixed with the others; nails large, curved, and of a yellowish color; incisors large, and orange on the outer surface. Measurements. Total length, 685; head with skull in skin, 95; tail 200; hind foot, 75. CAPROMYS. 393 B, Geocapromys Tail short, about equal to hind foot; claws shorter than in Capromys; inner toe of fore foot barely perceptible; ascending maxillary of zygomatic arch wider than in Capromys, the superior margin of squamosal narrower and without processes; occipital region lower. Fic. 74. CAPROMYS (GEOCAPROMYS) BROWNI. No. 19147 Am. Mus, Nat. Hist. Coll. % nat. size. 411. browni (Capromys), Fisch., Syn. Mamm., Addend., 1830, PD. 3oQ: brachyurus (Capromys), Hill, Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica, Lifes 10), Palig/ ally SHORT-TAILED HUuvTIA. Type locality. Jamaica. Geogr. Distr. Island of Jamaica. Genl. Char. Tail very short, stiff, scaly, naked at base, covered with short bristly hair above; fur dense, harsh; muzzle covered with down. 394 CAPROMYS, Color. Above mixed black and golden brown, beneath yellowish; tail black above, grayish brown beneath; hands and feet blackish; ears blackish gray. Measurements. Total length, 450; tail, 35; hind foot, 60; ear, 6 (skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length, ror; length of Hensel, 81; length of nasals, 36; of frontals, 35; of upper molar series, 21; lower molar series, 21; width between rows of posterior molars, ro. 412. thoracatus (Capromys), True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p- 469. WHITE-BANDED HuvtTIa. Type locality. Little Swan Island, Gulf of Honduras. Geogr. Distr. Type locality only. Genl. Char. Tail very short, and in other characters also similar to C. brownt. Color. Above blackish brown; hairs plumbeous brown at base, and ringed in center with yellow; throat pale gray; breast crossed by a nearly pure white band; belly yellowish gray; tail dark brown; hands and feet ochraceous; fingers and toes blackish brown. Measurements. Total length, 389; tail, 45; hind foot, 65; ear from occiput, 18. Skull: greatest length, 68.5; length of Hensel, 53-5; greatest breadth, 35.5; interorbital constriction, 17.7; length of nasals, 23; of frontals, 23; of upper molar series, 15.5; width between posterior upper molars, 5.3; length of lower molar series, 15.5. 413. ingrahami (Capromys), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., I8gr, p. 329. INGRAHAM’S Hutta. Type locality. Plana Key, Bahama Islands. Geogr. Distr. Bahama Islands. Genl. Char. In size similar to C. brownt from Jamaica; pelage coarse, harsh; tail very short, graduated, pointed, hairy. Color. Above mixed yellowish brown, gray and black, or blackish brown, darkest on head and nape; sides similar to back, but paler; under parts pale yellowish brown; hands and feet red- dish brown; tail rusty brown; bare on apical third beneath, which is black; ears black, fringed with reddish brown hairs. Measurements. Total length, 335-375; tail vertebra, 55; hind foot, 53-55; ear from crown, 16. Skull: total length, 63; greatest width, 32; interorbital constriction, 17.5; length of nasals, 21; of frontals, 21; of upper molar series, 15; width between rows of pos- terior molars, 5.5; length of lower jaw, 44; height of condyle, 18.5. PLAGIODONTIA, 395 L=; P=; M3 = 20. Plagiodontia F. Cuv., Ann. Scien. Nat., 2me Sér., v1, 1836, p. 347 ’ Zool. Type Plagiodontia aedium F. Cuvier. Skull broad: ; nasals broad, truncate posteriorly; infraorbital foramina very large, round; superior outline descending from parietal to end of nasals, and to occiput; zygomata moderately heavy, jugal broad, extended; thumb rudimentary with a flat nail; the four finger with slender curved claws; toes larger, with strong compressed curved claws; the middle and two outer toes longest and nearly equal. Teeth without roots, diminishing in upper row from last molar to premolar, which is smallest; each tooth has two oblique loops horizontal to the jaw, one internal and one external, parallel to each other. Lower molars nearly equal in size, the premolar Fic. 75. PLAGIODONTIA AEDIUM. ex Ann. Scien, Nat., Par 1836, Plate 17, nat z 896 PLAGIODONTIA, slightly smaller, with one external and two internal loops, the angle on latter much shallower than the others; lower incisors enter jaw to base of last molar. 414. aedium (Plagiodontia), F. Cuv., Ann. Scien. Nat., 2me Sér., v1, 1836, p. 347, pl. 17, Zool. Haitian Huta, Type locality. Island of Haiti. Geogr. Distr. Island of Haiti. Genl. Char. Those of the genus, Fic. Lill. PLAGIODONTIA AEDIUM. HAITIAN HuTiA. ex Ann. Scien, Nat., Paris, 1836, Pl. 17. Color. General hue pale brown; hairs on upper parts gray for three-fourths their length, and fawn at the tips; long black hairs are intermingled with the others; hairs of under parts are paler than those of the back, and the long hairs are whitish; tail naked, scaly; incisors yellow. Measurements. Total length, 425; tail, r25. Skull: occipital region imperfect; posterior border of frontal to end of nasals, 52; interorbital constriction, 19; zygomatic width, 42; length of nasals, 23.5; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 21; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 48; height at coronoid process, 23; length of lower molar series, alveolar border, 22. Of the Family of “‘fretful porcupines,’’ the semi-arboreal species of the genus ERETHIZON are found in North America. They prefer a cold climate, and if their lot is cast in tropical lands, such as Mexico, SS ERETHIZONTIDZ:, ERETHIZONTINZ:, ERETHIZON, 397 they endeavor to equalize matters by living in high altitudes in the mountains. While the American Porcupines are to a great extent arboreal, yet they are by no means restricted to a life in the trees, and the different species are frequently met with traveling on the ground, and in the western part of the United States it is not uncom- mon to find the Porcupine out on the prairie far from any timber. They are inoffensive animals when unmolested, but disagreeable creatures to handle or meddle with by either man or dog. Fam. VII. Erethizontidze. Form stout; long acute spines loosely attached to skin. Skull with facial portion short, and the jugal without inferior angle; molars more or less completely rooted. Subfam. |. Erethizontine. 79. Erethizon. Long-spined Porcupines, II, pi—. wy 3-3 — TN ae i; Me, — 20. Erethizon F. Cuv., Mém. du Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 1x, 1822, p. 426. Type Hystrix dorsatus Linneus. Eucritus Fisch., Mém. Soc. Imp. Moscow, v, 1817, pp. 372, 411. Echinothrix Brookes, Cat. Anat. Zo6dl., 1828, /d. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., xvi, 1829;eptvae p. 97. Echinoprocta Gray, Proc. Zo6dl. Soc., 1865, pp. 321-322 desc. Four toes on fore feet, five on hind feet, all with strong claws; limbs short, strong; no naked mesial line on upper lip, which is covered with hair and notched above the incisors; tail short, thick, non-prehensile, covered above with stiff hairs and spines, and on the sides and beneath with stiff bristles. 415. epixanthum (frethizon), Brandt, Mém. Acad. Imp. Scien., St. Petersb., 6th Ser., 1835, p. 390, pl. 1, 9. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1g9o1, p. 265. pilosus. Peale (nec Rich.), U. S. Expl. Exped., Mamm., 1848, p- 46. WESTERN PORCUPINE. Type locality. California? Unalaska? Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, into New Mexico, east- ward to Missouri, west to the Pacific, and north to Alaska and the limit of trees. Genl. Char. Light tips of long hairs of dorsal surface greenish yellow. Average length of nasals exceed interorbital breadth, or over SON BERBETHI ackward LWO CACEHT whit OW \\ whitish POWTN HRETHIZON, COENDU, Fic, LIV, ERETHIZON EPIXANTHUM, WESTERN PORCUPINE, Measurements, ‘Total length, 825; tail vertebra, 165. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 92; Hensel, 81; greatest zygomatic width, 70, mastoid breadth, 47; palatal length, 30; length of upper tooth row, 24. ) The members of the genus Counpu are essentially Tree Porcupines having prehensile tails to aid them in their movements among the branches, They are more especially natives of South America, but one extends its range into Mexico, They are of a more slender form than the Ground Porcupines, and their quills are variously colored, and these are mixed among the hairs, exhibiting the transition stage, neither all hairs nor all quills. 80. Coendu. Short-spined Porcupines. Ll; Po; Me - 20, Coendu Lacép., Disc. d’ouvert. et de cloture du Cours Hist. Nat. Suppl., 1799, p. 11. Type Hystnix prehensils Linnwu Senetheres (sic) F,. Cuv., Mém. du Mus, Hist. Nat., Paris, 1x 1522, p. 434. Ot 400 COENDU., Laboura Bilbberg. Syn. Faun. Scandinav., Mamm., 1, 1828, Consp. A. Cercolabes Brandt, Mamm. Exot. Nov., in Mém. Acad. Imp. ot. Petersb.,/ménr, 3,30, 3835, p. 55. Body covered with short, variously colored spines, close together, and mixed with hairs; hind feet with only four toes, hallux absent; fleshy pad on inner side of foot; tail prehensile. > Fic. 77. COENDU MEXICANUM No, 102 Field Columbian Mus, Coll, ? nat. size KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Tail prehensile. a. Fur fulvous brown. PAGE a.’ Hind foot, 52 mm C. pallidum 401 b. Fur speckled with white. a.’ Hind foot, 71 mm C. rothschildt 401 ec. Fur black. Hind foot, 88 mm C. mexicanum 402 b.’ Hind foot, 74 mm. .C. m. yucatanie 402 d. Fur blackish brown; hind foot, 75 mm. C. lenatum 402 COENDU., 401 416. pallidum (Cercolabes), Waterh., Mamm., 11, 1848, p. 434. LIGHT-COLORED PORCUPINE. Type locality. ‘‘West Indies’’? Genl. Char. Fur soft; spines short; tail short, with slender spines on upper part of basal half. Color. General color pale fulvous brown; limbs, lower part of flanks, and under parts darker brown; muzzle and feet dusky brown; tail brownish black; quills white, with black tips, hidden mostly in the fur. Measurements. Total length, 513; tail, 193; hind foot, 53.3. 417. rothschildi (Coendu), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., X, 1902, p. 169. ROTHSCHILD’s TREE PORCUPINE. Type locality. Sevilla Island, off Chiriqui, Panama. Genl. Char. Hair short; skull much inflated above orbits; nasal aperture large; fourth premolar not larger than molars. Color. Profusely speckled with white; spines on back all tipped with white. Measurements. Total length, 740; tail vertebra, 330; hind foot, with claws, 68. Skull: basilar length, 71; length of upper molar series, 17.3. Fic. LV. COENDU MEXICANUM. MEXICAN TREE PORCUPINE. 402 COENDU, 418. mexicanum (//ystrix), Kerr, Linn., Anim. King., 1792, p. 214. nove-lispame Briss., Regn. Anim., 1756, p. 127. prehensilis Schreb., Saugeth., Iv, p. 603. PREHENSILE-TAILED PORCUPINE. Type locality. Mountains of Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, south to Costa Rica. Genl. Char, Tail short, stout, bare of spines on apical half. Color. Body covered with yellow and white spines, with black tips; the fur amid these on the body and limbs is black, with the tips of hairs white; basal half only of tail covered with spines, remainder with stiff black hairs. Measurements, Total length, 750; tail, 320; hind foot, 88 (dried skin.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 82; total length, 84; zygomatic width, 52; interorbital constriction, 27; palatal length (palatal arch to anterior edge of premolar), 16; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 18; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 54; length of lower tooth row, alveolar border, 22. a.—yucatanice (Coendu), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., X, 1902, p. 249. YuCATAN TREE PORCUPINE. Type locality. Izamal, Yucatan. Genl, Char. Similar to C. mexicanum; black fur shorter. Skull with nasals parallel, not expanded anteriorly; forehead inflated; braincase narrow; anterior palate flat; bulla high, narrow. Color. Like that of C. mexicanum. Measurements. ‘Total length, 820; tail, 380; hind foot with claws, 74. Skull: greatest length, 88; basilar length, 75; zygomatic breadth, 48.5; nasals, 30.5 X 19; height of forehead above palate, 97; inter- orbital breadth, anteriorly, 30; posteriorly, 36; breadth of braincase behind zygomata, 33; palatal length, 38.5; palatal foramina, 8 x 3.2; length of upper tooth row, 18.1. 419, lenatum (Coendu), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., x1, TOG4, P. 302, Cuirigut Porcupine. Gato de Spinas in Chiriqui. Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 5,000 feet. Genl, Char. Spines not showing through fur on tail or limbs. Skull flat, not inflated on frontal region; anterior portion of pre- maxilla projecting but slightly in front of nasals; nasals broad ante- riorly, narrowing posteriorly; supraorbital edges square, ridges well detined; palatal foramina ending at premaxillo-maxillary suture; pos- terior edge of palate on line with posterior edge of second upper molar. COENDU, DASYPROCTA, 403 Color. Blackish brown above and beneath; spines of back yel- lowish white on basal three-fifths, remainder brownish black, tips horny; hands, feet, and tail black. Measurements. Total length, 708; tail, 256; hind foot, with claws, 75. Skull: greatest length, 80; basilar length, 67; zygomatic breadth, 47; length of nasals, 24; breadth of nasals, anteriorly, 16; breadth of nasals at fronto-premaxillary suture, 12.8; interorbital constriction, 25.5; palatal length, 35.7; height of forehead, above premolars 27.7; length of upper tooth row, 19. The Rodents with hoof-like claws of the family AGouTipa@, resemble in their general outward appearance a ruminant, such as the little musk-deer, more than a rodent. Slender of form and limbs, they are small of stature with very short ears and tail. Two genera contain all the known species, distinguished from each other by the number of toes on the hind foot, the members of Dasyprocra having three, and those of Acour! five. The former genus contains a num- ber of species, distributed in Central and South America, and even on some of the West India islands; but on these last only two have been found as yet, one of which has a great range, for it is a native of South America as far south as Paraguay, but is not met with west of the Andean Chain of Mountains, being replaced in Ecuador by A. taczanowski. ‘The absence of tail in the Agoutis is compen- sated for by the length of the hairs on the rump, which fall over so far that they would hide any moderately long tail. Agoutis are dwellers both of the woods and plains, agile in their movements, and swift runners. Nocturnal in habits, they remain hidden for the greater part of the day. Their food is chiefly vegetable. Fam. VIII. Agoutidze. Agoutis. E. R. Alston. The genus Dasyprocta, with Description of a New Species. Proc. Zodl. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 347. $81. Dasyprocta. Agoutis. Paca. I—I, piI—!, kre lis = Pi—7 M.; a = 20. Dasyprocta Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av., 1811, p. 93. Type a eee Cutia Liais, Climats. Géol. Faune et Geog. Bot. Brésil, 1872, P. 534- Myoprocta Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., x11, 1903, p. 464. 104 DASYPROCTA, Molars semi-rooted, with external and internal enamel folds: claws hoot-like; tail obsolete: hind toes three. Fig. 78. DASYPROCTA MEXICANA, No, 1asss U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll, & nat, size KEY TO THE SPECIES. ] > TE ny THT ‘+ © Long hairs on rump not annulated. Above rufous, or hairs with vellow and ” DASYPROCTA, 405 a.’ Under parts like back; pale line on PAGE Mey: SiIZ@UIATCe, >.>... eso D. punctata 405 b.” Under parts tinged with olivaceous; Sece: BINAN ees Me. ke .,, D. ruatanica 405 b.’ Above mixed black and white........... D. mexicana 405 ¢; “Aipove yellowish Glay color................. D. callida 406 b. Long hairs on rump, annulated to their base. a.’ Long rump hairs black and yellow ringed..D. isthmica 407 b.’ Long rump hairs, brown and orange......... D. coibe 407 BB) MWgeeeeeena) Cheah heme heed... see sere D. cristata 407 420. punctata (Dasyprocta), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., rst Ser., %, 2842, p. 264, SpotteD AGouti. Cotusa in Guatemala. Type locality. ‘‘South America.” Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Costa Rica, Central America. Genl. Char. Color variable, from a bright chestnut to a pale yellow. Color. Uniform rufous, or with yellow and black rings on hairs on all the body except a pale line on middle of abdomen; hairs of rump only slightly elongate. Measurements. Total length about 550; hind foot, roo. 421. ruatanica (Dasyprocia), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., VIII, 190%, Parsee, RuATAN IsLAND AGOUTI. Type locality. Island of Ruatan, Bay of Honduras. Geogr. Distr. Type locality only. Genl. Char. Similar to D. punctata, but smaller. Color. Above mixed black and yellow, like D. punctata; under part like back, tinged with olivaceous; chin white; yellow patch on belly; hands and feet grizzled or deep brown; ears blackish. Measurements. Length head and body, 435; hind foot, ror. Skull: basal length, 70.5; zygomatic breadth, 18.7; interorbital breadth, 27.5. 422, mexicana (Dasyprocta), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Sér., xu, 1860, p. 53. Mexican AGOUTI. Type locality. ‘‘Hot zone of Mexico.” State of Vera Cruz? Genl, Char. Long hairs black throughout their length; size small, Color. UHairs on body above, and sides ringed with black and pure white; rump black; throat and belly white. 406 DASYPROCTA. Measurements, Total length about 430; hind foot, 90. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 108; greatest zygomatic width, 50; mastoid width, 46; length of Hensel, 79; palatal length, 14; length of upper tooth row (crown), 19; length of frontals, 40; height of lower jaw at condyle, 28. 423. callida (Dasyprocta), Bangs, Am. Nat., XXXv, Igor, p. 635. CuNNING AGOUTI. Type locality. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama, Genl. Char. Color pale; rump hairs white-tipped. Skull slender; rostrum long; nasals narrow. Color. Upper parts with the hairs annulated with yellowish and black, giving a yellowish clay as the general color; more ochraceous in middle of back; rump hairs long, black with white tips; under parts soiled white, hairs annulated with drab; fore and hind feet brownish black. Measurements. Total length, 420-510; tail vertebre, 20-30; hind foot, 96-105; ear from notch, 33-38. Skull: basal length, 85.4; occipito-nasal length, 98.6; zygomatic width, 44; mastoid width, 32; interorbital constriction, 26.2; length of nasals, 38; width of nasals, * oar eee, Fic. LVI. DASYPROCTA ISTHMICA. ISTHMIAN AGOUTI. DASYPROCTA, 407 15.4; length of palate to palatal notch, 39; to end of pterygoid, 55.4; upper tooth row (four molar teeth), 17.2; greatest width of rostrum, 24; length of single half of mandible, 58; lower tooth row (four molar teeth), 18.8. 424, isthmic# (Dasyprocta), Alston, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1876, p. 347. IstHMIAN AGOUTI. Type locality. Colon, Columbia, Geogr. Distr. Unknown, probably Costa Rica to Columbia. Genl. Char. Long hairs of rump black, with broad pale tips. Color. ‘‘Fur ringed with black and yellow; rump black more or less washed with orange or yellow, the long hairs being black at the base, scarcely annulated except close to the tips, which are broadly margined with the light color.”’ Measurements. ‘Total length about 22 inches; hind foot, 4.25 inches.’’ (Alston, l. c.) 425. coibe (Dasyprocta), Thomas, Novitat. Zoél., 1x, 1902, p. 136. Co1Bpa AGOUTI. Type locality. Coiba Island, West Coast of Panama. Genl. Char. Size as in D, isthmice; fur coarse, sparse; rump hairs about three inches in length; nasals parallel, not tapering. Color. Upper parts grizzled brown; hairs ringed with brown and orange; rump hairs broadly tipped with orange; crown blackish brown; under parts soiled yellowish; upper surface of feet black; tail naked for about an inch; ears nearly naked, brown. | Measurements. Head and body, 570; tail, 25; hind foot, ros; with hoofs, 115; ear, 32. Skull: basilar length, 78; zygomatic breadth, 53; nasals, 40 X 24; interorbital breadth, 32; palatal length, 38.5; diastema, 26.5; length of palatal foramina, 4.2; length of bullae, 15.2; length of upper molar series (crowns), 16. 426. cristata (Cavia), Desm., Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., 1, 1816, p. 213. antillensis, Sclat., Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1874, p. 666. CRESTED AGOUTI. Type locality. “‘Surinam.’”’ Probably a West Indian form. (Alston. ) Geogr. Distr. Islands of St. Vincent, St. Lucia, and St. Thomas, West Indies. Genl. Char. Nuchal crest present; colors dark. Color. Hairs ringed with black and reddish or brownish yellow; nuchal tuft and rump black, with hairs ringed at base. Measurements. Total length, 450; hind foot, 93.75. 408 AGOUTI. The Paca is more robust than the Agouti, with coarse hair, and no tail worth mentioning, and the inner toe and the nails on each foot very small. Like the Agouti, it is nocturnal, hiding in under- ground retreats in the forest by day, coming out at night to feed. It excavates burrows several feet deep, mostly in the vicinity of rivers. The subspecies mentioned below, with its parent species, and a smaller one, A. taczanowski, from Ecuador, are the only repre- sentatives of the genus known, the A. paca, however, having a wide distribution. A remarkable character in the Paca is the unusual development of the cheek bone, the malar being greatly inflated and excavated, and its outer surface roughened in an extraordinary degree. The cavity in the cheek bone is lined with a mucous mem- brane and communicates with the mouth by a small opening. The raison d’étre of this peculiar structure is unknown, and it can hardly be used as a pouch for food, like those of the Gophers and Chipmunks, for it would seem that any particles placed in this bony pouch would be apt to stay there, the animal having no means of extracting them. 82. Agouti. Paca. I=; PMS; M2 BS a = or) = 20. uv w Agouti Lacép., Tabl. Divis. Sous-divis. Ordres et Genres Mamm., Suppl. to Disc. d’ouvert et de cloture du Cours d’Hist. Nat., etc., 1799, p. 11. Type Mus paca Linneus. Coelogenus (sic) F. Cuv., Ann. du Mus., Hist. Nat. Paris, x, 1807, Pp: 203. Paca Fischer, Zoogn., 1814, p. 85. Osteopera Harlan, Faun. Amer., 1825, p. 126. ; Genyscelus Liais, Climats. Géol. Faune Brésil., 1872, p. 537. Five toes on hind feet; zygomatic arches greatly expanded verti- cally, forming bony capsules on side of face, communicating with mouth by a small opening at bottom of inclosed cavity. Head large and broad; nose not pointed; tail a fleshy tubercle; inner toes and the nail of each foot very small. paca virgata (Agoutt), Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., XXXIX, 1902, p. 47. CENTRAL AMERICAN Paca, Type locality, Divala, Chiriqui, Panama. Geogr. Disir. Central America. Genl. Char. Similar to the South American animal, but second stripes much less broken into spets; hind foot larger. Skull larger; palate narrower; audital bull flatter. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XXXVIII, ZOOLOGY. AGOUT! PACA VIRGATA. No, 10079 Mus. Comp. Zo6l. Coll. 34 nat. size. aZIs ‘yeu % 9D [907 ‘dwoy ‘snp 6Zoor * N “WALIVSYIA VOVd ILNODY ‘A90100Z *XIXXX SLW1d “WNASNW NVISGWN109 Q7al4 AGOUTI, 409 Color, Variable; upper parts walnut brown; a stripe from shoulder to hip and a shorter one above it white; these break into a series of spots on the sides of neck and on flanks and are smaller on the latter. Two rows of small white spots above the others, the lower extending from sides of neck to flanks. Fic. LVII. AGOUTI PACA VIRGATA. CENTRAL AMERICAN PACA. Measurements. Total length, 740; tail vertebre, 22; hind foot, 130; ear, 43. Skull: basal length, 139.6; occipito-nasal length, 151; zygomatic width, 104; mastoid width, 54.8; interorbital width, 47.2; length of nasals, 51.2; width of nasals, 26; length of palate to palatal notch, 76; width of palate at middle of second molariform tooth, 7; at middle of last molariform tooth, 10.2; upper molar series, 29. 6; length of single half mandible, 107. (Bangs, 1. c.) No family of mammals is better known generally than that of the Leporip@, which includes the Hares and Rabbits. It is the one group of animals with which nearly all persons are familiar. The terms, Hares and Rabbits, although used indiscriminately by many persons, really indicate very important distinctions, viz.: Hares never make burrows in the earth, but construct loosely arranged nests or “‘forms,’’ where they sit during the day, and in which they bring forth their young fully clothed with fur and able to take care of themselves. On the other hand, the Rabbit digs a deep burrow in the earth, with many connecting passages and openings, and the 410 LEPORID., young are born underground, naked, blind, and helpless. These animals inhabit districts varying greatly in their conditions and situations. Some seek swamps, marshes, or dense thickets, like the southern canebrakes, and are partly aquatic; others delight in woods, bushy coverts, and tangled depths; while still others are at home only in the snow-covered northern wastes, or the wide wind-swept prairies or desert expanse. In the northern portion of the western hemisphere the greater portion of these animals are found, and the largest species occur in the extreme north and on the plains, and are represented by the Arctic Hares and Jack Rabbits. Certain species turn white in winter in districts where there are heavy falls of snow, the white coat assimilating with the snow, and affording concealment to the animal. This change, however, does not always occur throughout the range of every species, as witnessed by the Washing- ton Hare, L. washingtont, which is a white animal in winter in its northern range, while in the more southern part of its dispersion, about Puget Sound, it does not turn white in winter, the moderate snow fall in that section not making a white coat necessary for protection. On the contrary, an animal of such a color would be, probably, all the more conspicuous. Hares are remarkable for their lengthened ears and hind legs, and in some species these characters are carried to an extreme, but all members of the family have the hind legs considerably elongated, and it is by them that the great leaps made in flight are accomplished. Hares and Rabbits are absolutely without defense, flight (aided by a low order of strategy, illustrated by doubling on its tracks) being their only’ means of escape from their enemies. They are, however, always on the watch, their large eyes roving constantly over every object in range of their vision, and the long ears constantly in motion, attentive to every sound. Innumerable enemies of the earth and air are continually seeking their destruction, and it is only its amazing fecundity that enables the race to survive. The fore legs are very short, and are never used as hands, as is the case with many rodents, and although in the feeble combats indulged in by Hares, the fore feet may occa- sionally be used to strike an adversary, they are capable of inflicting only very slight injuries. Compared with many rodents, the teeth of Hares are weak, but they commit much damage with such as they have, gnawing trees, shrubs, etc., and are very destructive to growing crops, vegetables, and also to ornamental plants. The members of this family possess more teeth than those of any other among the rodents, and they are remarkable for having at birth three pairs of incisors in the upper jaw, the second pair small and placed behind the middle large pair. The second outer pair early LEPORID#, ROMEROLAGUS, 411 becomes deciduous, but the inner small pair is retained through life. The food of these animals is strictly vegetable. Rabbits have been introduced into various parts of the world, and in some lands have multiplied to such'an extent as to become very serious pests, and all kinds of methods for exterminating them have been tried in vain, illustrating in a very forcible and unpleasant manner the foolishness of man when he disturbs the harmony of Nature and interferes with her distribution of animal life upon the Globe. In sections of western North America Jack Rabbits, so-called, abound in such extraordinary numbers that great hunts are regularly organized and attended by all the ranchmen in the vicinity, and many thousands of these animals are killed in a single day, having been ‘‘rounded up”’ in a manner similar to that employed with the half-wild range cattle, except that the Hares are driven into a space inclosed with nets, from which there is no escape, and where they are speedily dispatched with clubs. In spite of these wholesale executions, and all other fatalities that overtake them, Hares still flourish. One other family is comprised in this suborder, the LaGomyIpDz, containing the little Chief Hares, or Pikas. No species are found within the lands embraced in this work so far as known. Far up the mountain sides, sometimes at an elevation of many thousand feet, amid the ranges that form the ‘‘backbone”’ of the North American Continent, their fortress a hole amid the rocks, these little creatures, whose aspect is between that of a guinea-pig and a rabbit, live in colonies and betray their presence to the intruder on their domains by sharp, squeaking, querulous ventriloquial notes or cries, deceptive as to distance and locality. Very timid, the Pikas are shy and watchful, and survey an interloper from the farther side of some friendly stone. They lay up stores of provisions, such as grass and other herbage, against the long severe winter, and are very indus- trious. Four young are produced in thespring about May. Pikas are very small, tailless animals, about eight inches in length, with large, flat ears, small eyes, and a rudimentary thumb with claw. Fam. 1X. Leporidz. Hares, Rabbits. C. J. Forsyth-Major, On Fossil and Recent Lagomorpha. Trans. Zool. Soc., 1898, p. 433. 85. Romerolagus. Romerolagus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x, 1896, p. 173. Type Romerolagus nelsont Merriam. Small; ears, hind legs, and feet short. Skull similar to that of the subgenus Sylvilagus, but postorbital processes are lacking anteriorly, £12 ROMEROLAGUS and jugals elongated posteriorly; clavicles articulating with sternum and scapula; prosternum broader than long before first pair of ribs; mesosternum of three segments; six pair of ribs articulating with sternum; fifth cervical vertebra with transverse process directed outward, not backward; transverse process of lumbar vertebra broadly expanded; small hypopophyses present on first three lumbar vertebra; inferior crest of navicular bone short and not produced under base of metatarsal (ex Merr., l. c.) Fig. 79. ROMEROLAGUS NELSONI. No. 57949 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size 427. *nelsoni (/omerolagus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x, 1896, g liast. (Lepus), Ferrari-Perez, Cat. Comis. Geogr. Explor. Repub. NELSON’sS Hart lvpe locality. West slope of Mt. Popocatepetl, State of Mexico, ( Mexico Altitude, LO0,000—I 2,000 feet. [tis a moot question whether this species should not bear the name ad of nels the figure on plate 42 of the Catalogue above cited represent undoubtedly this species. It is said that a description was also published Mexican newspaper Che figure in the plate gives a better idea of the ani- than can | ybtained trom any deseription ROMEROLAGUS. LEPUS. 413 Geogr. Distr. Mt. Popocatepetl, State of Mexico, and Mt. Iztac- cihuatl 7 Mexico. Genl. Char. Those of genus. Color. Upper parts, collar, and sides grayish brown and black, suffused with yellowish; chin and belly smoky gray washed with buff; feet buffy yellow. Measurements, Total length, 311; tail vertebra, o; hind foot, 53; ear from notch (skin), 36. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 48; Hensel, 38; zygomatic width, 25; across orbital processes, 13; palatal length, 20; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 31; height at coronoid process, 23. $4. Lepus. i2a-: PP =i; M 3 ; ; 4 I—1’ 2—2! : 28. Lepus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 57; 1, 1766, p. 79. Type Lepus tumidus Linnzus. Hydrolagus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 221. Silvilagus Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 222. Tapeti Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xx, 1867, p. 224. Macrotolagus Mearns, Science, 1, 1895, p. 698. /d. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 552. Microlagus Trouess., Cat. Mamm. vivent. quam fossil, 1897, fase 3, p. 660. Limnolagus Mearns, Science, N.S., v, 1897, p. 393. Skull high, superior outline much curved, especially at occipital region; postorbital processes in the majority of species long, more or less divergent, flanking a deep wide notch, their posterior extremities not completely fused with skull; (exceptions to this are the swamp hares which have this process ankylosed to the cranium by its tip, or its internal margin); all the openings of the skull are large; facial sur- face of the maxilla reticulated; orbits very large, meeting in the mesial line of the cranium; teeth more numerous than in any other family of rodents; second pair of upper incisors small, situated behind the chief pair; the latter is grooved deeply in front, and all are deeply implanted in the skull and lower jaw; molars rootless; third upper molar minute; last lower molar larger, but still much the smallest of the lower series; palate a mere bridge between molars. The scapula ends in a process, which has near its termination a branch directed at right angles to the axis; tibia and fibula always ankylosed; fore feet with five toes, hind feet with four. A patch of hair covered skin on inner surface of cheeks extending baekward from the angle of mouth. Hind legs elongate, in some species greatly so; ears very long; tail rudimentary. ~ 44 LEPUS, KEY TO THE SUBGENERA, A, Tail rudimentary, a, Interparietal persistent as a distinct bone in adults, a.’ Ear shorter than hind foot, a.” Skull and teeth strong, heavy; postor- bital process of frontal ankylosed PAGE with cranium for its entire length. ..... Limnolagus 414 b.”" Skull and teeth lighter; postorbital pro- cess of frontal ankylosed with cra- nium behind, inclosing a foreman. ....... Stloilagus 416 b.’ Ear longer than hind fot. ....... 2.6.6.4... Microlagus 428 b. Interparietal always obliterated in adults. ...Maerotolagus 431 B. Tail mone... .2au.... a . a .Tapeti 426 A. Limnolagus. “Interparietal present as a distinct bone in adults, Skull and teeth massive; rostral portion of skull wide as high; postorbital pro- cess of frontals ankylosed with the cranium for its entire length; frontals and parietals deeply pitted; skull rather straight above, about half as wide as long; pelage harsh; head small; ear, tail, and hind foot short, the latter scantily haired.”’ KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES., A, Skull large, heavy; frontals and parietals deeply pitted; pelage harsh. a. Basisphenoid and basioccipital forming an ' obtuse angle, PAGE a.’ Above pale buffy gray, lined with black. .L. a. attwatert 414 b.’ Above yellowish brown, tinged with rufous and lined with black... 6.6.00. 6 060. L, palustris 415 b. Basisphenoid and basioccipital on same plane. .... L. tratt ars aquaticus attwaterit (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am, Mus, Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 327. Elhot, Syn. N. Am, Mamm., rgor, p. 278. ArTWaTER’s Swamp Hare. Type locality, Medina River, 18 miles south of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. Geogr, Distr. Yucatan, Mexico, to southeastern Texas. Genl, Char. The general color paler than that of L. aquaticus, Size similar. _ Coler. Above pale buffy gray lined with black; sides whitish gray . tinged with buff; dorsal region tinged with yellowish, darkest on the rump; belly and inside of legs white; back sometimes nearly all black; FIELD COLUMBIAN MUS6EUM, LEPUS AQUATICUS ATT WATER! 33 Am, M Nat, Hist, Co Nat LEPUS. 415 ears sparsely haired, reddish brown outside, with a narrow white border anteriorly ; curved black line at corner of eye across cheek; tail reddish brown above, white below; feet fulvous above, soles dusky. Measurements. Total length, 520; tail to end of hairs, 83; hind foot, 105;ear, 65. Skull: total length, 87; basal length, 79; zygomatic breadth, 40; mastoid breadth, 32; interorbital constriction, 32; length of nasals, 35; of lower jaw, 63; height of coronoid process, 37. 428. palustris (Lepus), Bachm., Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1837, p. 194, pls.15,16. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 279. douglast Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, p. 586. Swamp Hare. Conejo in Mexico. Type locality. Eastern South Carolina? Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico, north to Texas; Florida; and North Carolina. Genl. Char. Size of L. sylvaticus, tail shorter; ears broader, more rounded; head larger; nails of toes exposed; incisors and molars, broader and heavier. Color. Above yellowish brown tinged with rufous or rusty (the latter especially on the rump and outside of legs), and heavily shaded with black; beneath grayish white; fore neck, breast, and sides yellow- ish brown; chin grayish white; throat brownish gray; ear grayish rufous lined with black; tail above rufous and black, beneath grayish white; soles brownish. Measurements. Total length, 444; tail vertebre, 38; hind foot, 88; ear, 64. Skull: total length, 79; greatest width, 38; interorbital width, 15; lateral length of nasals, 32; posterior width of nasals, 19; length of upper molar series, 15; length of lower jaw, 60. 429 truii (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 192. True’s Swamp Hare. Type locality. Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to L. palustris, darker, smaller; skull with comparative differences. Color. Similar to L. palustris, but smaller in size and more mixed with black on upper parts, especially on the dorsal region; beneath pale yellowish except a broad yellowish brown pectoral band; ears black and rufous; feet pale rufous. Measurements. Total length, 335; hind foot, 75; ear from crown, 54. Skull: basal length, 57; greatest zygomatic breadth, 35; inter- orbital constriction, 25; mid-palatal length, 11; length of nasals, 27; length of upper molar series, 14; height of lower jaw at coronoid process, 32. (ex Type.) 416 LEPUS. B. Silvilagus. ‘“Interparietal persistent as a distinct bone in adults; rostrum wider than high; skull and teeth light; postorbital process united with cranium behind, inclosing a narrow foramen; upper surface of skull Fic. 80. LEPUS (SILVILAGUS) F. SUBCINCTUS. No, 8678 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size. less pitted; skull sometimes wider than half its length, much arched; pelage softer.”’ LEPUS. 417 KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Ears shorter than hind foot. 4 a. Ears equal to or shorter than head. PAGE a.’ Above mixed black and buffy white....L. f. subcinctus 417 b.’ Above buffy cinnamon and black.......... L.f. aztecus 418 c.’ Above black and ochraceous buff ...... L.f. persultator 418 d.’ Above mixed black and buff.......... L. f. yucatanicus 419 e.’ Above vinaceous cinnamon mixed with eran and black (Summer)... ... -anT% 2 le holenert 419 f.’. Above yellowish brown and black........ L. verecrucits 420 Geepove pale brownmsion LUsset..... 2... as. L. russatus 420 yee pove pale buliand black......5.... G8... L. parvulus 421 jee pove Saney bUfeand black...........2... L.insolitus 421 b. Ears longer than the head. a.’ Above yellowish brown and black......... L.audubont 422 b.’ Above mixed black and light cream POULEL ok ee de es a L. sanctidiegi 422 c.’ Above pale yellowish gray and black........ L.arizone@ 423 d.’ Above grayish drab and black tinged with Sean tpaa) 0) RUA. G0 anaes Oe L. a. major 423 e.’ Above yellowish brown and black.......... L.a.minor~ 423 ioe oome Cark Sra yiemePIOWM.....:........ L. a. confinis 424 g.’ Above paler than Li a. major, larger........ L.durange 424 h.’ Above deep clay color and black............ L. orizabe@ 425 c. Ears very short. a.’ Above mixed yellowish gray, black, and Jengenyinl. Wiig orisha 1 nn oer L. nuttalla 425 b.’ Above pale rufous varied with blackish LOT O WilereminiremneM Lae ds ee ake L. graysont 426 floridanus suwbheinctus (Lepus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1899, p. 386. MicHoacan Hare. Type locality. Hacienda El Molino, near Negrete, State of Mich- oacan, Mexico. Geogr, Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to L. 7. chapmanz; larger. Color. Above mixed black and buffy white; paler on rump and sides; nape light cinnamon; crown yellowish; orbital ring whitish; cheeks below and behind eyes blackish; lower throat and chest buffy cream sprinkled with black; rest of under parts whitish, with a buff band in front of hind legs; legs ochraceous cinnamon buff, palest on hind legs; tail mixed brown and whitish above, white beneath; ears 418 LEPUS. gray exteriorly, buff interiorly; black along anterior border near tip, extreme anterior margin pale buff. Measurements. Total length, 434; tail vertebre, 47; hind foot, 86; ear from crown, 76. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 73; Hensel, 52; zygomatic width, 34; length of nasals (outer side), 30; (median), 22.5; palatal length, 7; length of incisive foramina, 17; upper tooth row, 7. floridanus aztecws (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 188. TEHUANTEPEC HARE. Type locality. Tehuantepec City, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Genl. Char. Smaller than L. floridanus, lighter in color and ears larger; palatal arch round. Color. Above and sides of neck buffy cinnamon and black; sides gray, with buffy cinnamon band in front of thighs; nape and outer surface of limbs yellowish rufous; under parts white; chest yellowish white; eye stripe grayish white; cheeks gray; fore feet yellowish white; hind feet pure white; tail above cinnamon rufous, like rump; ears dark brownish gray, blackish at tip, anterior border white basally. Measurements. Total length, 300; tail to end of hairs, 37; hind foot, 82; ear from notch, 64. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 71; median length of nasals, 25; lateral length of nasals, 33; posterior width of nasals, 16; anterior width, 9; distance from anterior premolar to alveolus of incisor, 19.5; length of palatine foramina, 16.5; least inter- orbital width anterior to postorbital processes, 18; length of palate, 7; width of palate, 9. floridanus persultator (Lepus), Elliot, Pub. Field. Columb. Mus., 111, 1903, p. 147. Zodlogy. PUEBLA HARE. Type locality. Puebla, State of Puebla, Mexico. Genl. Char. In color very closely resembling L. f. subcinctus, but smaller in all its dimensions. Skull is distinguished for the straight- ness of its anterior superior gutline, the nasals being flat and on a line with the frontals; posterior portion of skull from behind orbits curving sharply downward; nasals broad, abruptly compressed near anterior termination; ears short; palatal arch with azygos process in center. Color. Top of head cinnamon rufous and black, rest of upper parts except rump mixed black and ochraceous buff; sides gray; rump gray and black; nape and outer surface of limbs yellowish rufous; ochra- ceous buff band in front of thighs; pectoral band pale yellowish rufous; under parts white; eye stripe buff; orbital ring cream buff; cheeks a LEPUS, 419 mixed gray buff and black; fore feet buff; hind feet white; tail above ochraceous buff, beneath white; ears dark brown sprinkled with buff, darkest at tip, anterior border for three-fourths its length from base, white. : Measurements. Hind foot, 72; ear from notch, 54; from head, 62 (skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 66; median length of nasals, 19; lateral length of nasals, 27; posterior width of nasals, 11; anterior width, 8; distance from anterior premolar to alveolus of incisor, 19; length of palatine foramina, 16; least interorbital width, anterior to postorbital processes, 11; length of palate, 5; width of palate, 8. floridanus yuecatanicus (Lepus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1889, p. 384. Yucatan Hare. Type locality. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico; limits of range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to L. 7. aztecus, but larger in size, and darker in color. Color. Above mixed black and buff, lightest on rump and sides; nape cinnamon rufous, crown of head like back but darker; orbital ring whitish; breast ochraceous buff; rest of under parts white; thighs gray; legs cinnamon rufous with a white line on inner side, including the hind foot, but only reaching the wrist on fore legs; ears gray, fringed with pale buff on anterior margin, changing to black near tip; interior of ears whitish; tail mixed reddish brown and black above, white beneath. Measurements. Total length, 430; hind foot, 198; ear from crown, 71. Skull: greatest length, 82; basal length, 64; posterior margin of palate to tip of hamular process, 17; zygomatic breadth, 39; inter- orbital constriction, 20; greatest length of nasals, 37; greatest breadth of nasals, 16; length of incisive foramina, 21; length of upper molar series, 14; length of mandible, 62; lower molar series, 14.6. floridanus holzneri (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p-554. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 284. rigidus. Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 18, 1895, p.555. (Wunter pelage.) ; HouzNer’s Hare. Type locality. Near the summit of Huachuca Mountains, south- ern Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Southern Arizona and northern New Mexico to northern Mexico in States of Sonora and Chihuahua. Genl. Char... Size large; ears rather short; hind feet long; colors dark; nasals extending beyond premaxille. 420 LEPUS, Color. Summer Pelage. Upper sides of head and back to rump vinaceous cinnamon mixed with gray and black; thighs and rump whitish gray, lined with black; beneath white, tinged with yellowish; pectoral band clay color; nape tawny; legs tawny, the inner side brownish white; ears reddish brown, gray, and black mixed, bor- dered anteriorly for basal two-thirds with white; tail above yellowish brown grizzled, beneath white. Winter Pelage. Above gray, lined with black, washed with clay- color on back, hips, and ventral border; sides and thighs gray, lined with black; under parts grayish white on breast, tinged with clay- color, remainder pure white; orbital region whitish; nape russet; top and sides of head gray, washed with yellowish brown; tail grayish brown above, hairs tipped with hoary, beneath pure white; feet whitish; ears grayish white on lower part passing into gray mixed with black, with a narrow black band on terminal half and edged with white; inner side grayish white. Measurements. Total length, 415; tail vertebre, 64; ear from crown, 77; from notch, 65; hind foot, 99.5. 430. verzcrucis (Lepus), Thomas, Proc. Zoél. Soc., 1890, p. 74, pl. VII. VeRA Cruz Hare. Type locality. Las Vigas, Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to L. floridanus, but larger, ears longer. Color. Upper parts yellowish brown mixed with black; nape pale rufous; face grayish yellow and black; orbital ring pale cream color; ears pale gray, tips and outer edges blackish; inner surface yellowish; under parts yellowish gray; legs pale orange yellow or orange gray ; tail above grayish brown; beneath white. Measurements. Total length, 492; tail vertebra, 32; hind foot, 104; ear from crown, 90. Skull: greatest length, 85; basal length, 69.5; length of nasals, 36; interorbital constriction, 19.4: length of inter- parietal, 5.3; length of palatine foramen, 20.4; of upper tooth row, crowns, 14; length of lower jaw to tips of incisors, 68. 431. russatus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 31. Russet Hare. Type locality. Pasa Nueva, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Genl. Char. Pelage coarse, harsh. Audital bulle very large. Color. Top of-head and upper parts of body and tail pale brownish russet, varied with dark brown; sides and hips varied creamy white; nape, anterior surface of fore legs, and outer side of hind legs ferru- gineous; cheeks and sides of neck like back, lined with black; pectoral — LEPUS, 421 band clay color; ventral surface yellowish white; upper surface of hind feet creamy white; ears externally grayish brown tinged with pale russet, blackish on apical third. Measurements. Total length, 450; tail vertebra, 42; hind foot, 80; ear from crown (dry skin), 62. Skull: occipital-nasal length, 78.5; basal length, 63; zygomatic width, 53.2; interorbital constriction, 17; mastoid breadth, 28; width of braincase, 25; length of nasals, 36; palatal bridge, 7.5; length of upper tooth row, 6.5; length of lower jaw, 55; height of condyle, 35. 432. parvulus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 34. LitTLE Hare. Type locality. Apam, southern part of State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Color. Above pale buff varied with black, slightly grayish on rump; chin, throat, and central ventral surface yellowish white; pec- toral band broad, pale rusty brown; nape pale ferrugineous; sides of head buffy brown; upper surface of the feet pale rusty; hind feet deep buff; ears externally buffy grayish brown, internally pale yellowish brown with a deep buff edge; tail above blackish, tips of hairs buffy gray. Measurements. Total length, 390; hind foot, 75; ear 65. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 65; basal length, 54.5; zygomatic width, 33; interorbital constriction, 18.4; mastoid breadth, 27; width of brain- case, 25; length of nasals, 25; posterior width of nasals, 13.5; palatal bridge, 5.2; length of upper tooth row, ro; length of palatal foramina, 14.5; length of mandible, 43; height at angle, 25.5. 433 insolitus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p. 189. PLAINS HARE. Type locality. Plains of Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to L. floridanus, but larger and paler. Malar with a deep groove on the outer surface of the anterior half; postorbital processes not fused with the braincase, merely touching it. Color. Upper parts sandy buff and black; sides grayish; nape and fore legs externally rufous; breast yellowish brown; rest of under parts white; hind leg externally yellowish brown; fore feet brownish yellow; hind feet white, as is also the anterior edge of leg; orbital ring buffy gray; tail and rump pale rusty brown and black; ears brownish gray, edge and tip blackish. Measurements. Total length, 440; tail to end of hairs, 40; hind foot, 92; ear from crown, 78. Skull: total length, 83; basilar length, 66; greatest width, 39; interorbital constriction, 21; length of nasals, 422 LEPUS. 34; of palatine foramen, 21; of upper molar series at crown, 22.5; length of lower jaw, 58; height at condyle, 40. 434. auduboni (Lepus), Baird, N. Am. Mamm., 1857, p. 608, pls. XIII, XLVII, fig. 2. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 283. AuDUBON’sS HARE. Type locality. San Francisco, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, from Cape St. Lucas to vicinity of San Francisco, California. Genl. Char. Size smaller than that of L. 7. mallurus; ears longer than head; tail long. Color. Above pale yellowish brown mixed with black; sides paler, with little or no black; nape pale rufous; fore feet above pale yellowish and rusty; hind feet whitish, sides rusty; pectoral band pale yellowish brown; under parts white; ears dark brown, the hairs with pale yellowish tips, so that this hue predominates, grading into black or brownish black at tips; tail above like back, beneath black. Measurements. Total length, 457; tail vertebra, 38; hind foot, 89; ear from notch, 70. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 69; Hensel, 53; zygomatic width, 32; lateral length of nasals, 30; median length of nasals, 23; posterior width of nasals, 17; anterior width of nasals, 8; length of lower jaw to end of incisors, 35; height at condyle, 31. 435. sanctidiegi (Lepus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1899, p. 389. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 283. San Dreco Hare. Type locality. Mexican boundary line, monument No. 258, shore of Pacific Ocean, San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico to southwestern California. Genl. Char. Similar to L. audubont, but paler. Color. Above grizzle of black and light cream buff; sides paler; rump whitish gray; nape ochraceous buff; tail dark brown above, white beneath; ears gray, lower half paler than crown of head, which is like the back; orbital ring whitish; chin and throat white, tinged with plumbeous; lower part of throat and chest cream buff; legs ochraceous buff; fore feet cream buff; hind feet white; white of belly reaching to wrists and back of hind feet. Measurements. Total length, 385; tail vertebre, 63; hind foot, 85; ear from crown, 78. Skull: greatest length, 69; basal length, 56; posterior margin of palate to tip of hamular process, 16.4; zygomatic breadth, 33; interorbital constriction, 19; length of nasals, 29; great- est width of nasals, 13.6; length of upper molar series, 12.8; length of incisive foramina, 6; length of mandible, 50; of lower molar series, 13.6. LEPUS, 423 436. arizone (Lepus), Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rod., 1877, p. 332. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 285. ARIZONA Hare. Type locality. Beale’s Springs, fifty miles west of Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Deserts of Arizona, and the Chiricahua and Huachuca Mountains, (but not to the White Mountains,) up to 8,500 feet. Genl. Char. Smaller than L. nuttalli, but similar; ears much longer and broader. Color. Above pale yellowish gray, mixed sparingly with black; nape yellowish fulvous; sides pale gray, mixed sometimes with pale brown; chin white; pectoral band yellowish; rest of under parts white; feet pale yellowish brown; tail above darker than back, yellow brown, beneath white; ears pale grayish brown, outer edge whitish. Winter specimens are heavily lined with black above and on sides. Measurements. Total length, 340-383; tail vertebra, 35-54; hind foot, 76-94; ear, 69-78. Skull: total length, 65; greatest width, 35; interorbital constriction, 17; length of nasals, 28; upper molar series, 12; length of lower jaw, 46. a.—major (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 557. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 286. GREATER DeEserT HARE. Type locality. Calabasas, Pima County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Poso de Luis, State of Sonora, to the basin of the Mimbres, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, and northward to Colorado Plateau of Arizona. Genl. Char. ‘Similar to L. arizone, but larger, more reddish and darker.’ Color. Above grayish drab, tinged with cinnamon, lined with black; sides paler; rump iron gray; nape and outer surface of limbs dull cinnamon; ears pale grayish on inner side, drab mixed with gray and black on outer side, tips black; pectoral band clay color; rest of under parts white. Measurements. Total length to end of hairs of tail, 430; tail ver- tebre, 42; hind foot, 92; ear from notch, 69 (skin.) b.—minor (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Musi, 1896, p. 557. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor, p. 286. LESSER DeserRT HARE. Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico. ‘‘ Plains of Colorado, southward tothe Rio Grande, and westward to the elevated central 424 LEPUS, tract, where it intergrades with L. a. major in the pass between the southern end of the Rocky Mountains and northern extremity of the Sierra Madre.”’ Genl. Char. Smaller than L. arizone; ears short, colors pale. Rostrum more elongate; mandible stouter and higher, and audital bulle larger. Color. Above yellowish brown, lined with black; rump grayish white, lined with black; sides yellowish gray, with a buff lateral line; head gray, tinged with yellowish brown on cheeks and crown; nape light cinnamon; fore legs wood brown; hind feet above white; pec- toral band yellowish gray, rest of under parts white; tail above dusky, hairs tipped with yellowish brown and gray, beneath white; ears grayish white on dorsal surface behind, and gray mixed with yel- lowish brown and black in front, basal two-thirds of front edge white, tips black. Measurements. Average total length, 345; tail vertebra, 50.2; hind foot, 83.4; ear from notch, 65.8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29; Hensel, 46; zygomatic width, 32; lateral length of nasals, 34; medium length of nasals, 18; posterior width of nasals, 11; anterior width of nasals, 7; length of lower jaw to end of incisors, 46.5; height of condyle, 27. ce.—confinis (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, pe.r4o, ALLIED HARE. Type locality. Playa Maria, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to L. aritzone, but darker. Color. Upper parts dark grayish brown, mixed with black and pale brown; side pale grayish brown; top of nose and head to occiput like back; nape pale fulvous; side of head and nose mixed light gray and brown; pectoral band yellowish brown on sides, yellowish white in center; chin, upper part of throat, and rest of under parts white, the plumbeous base of the hairs showing; fore legs dark buff; hind legs gray; under sides of feet reddish brown; tail almost invisible, like back; ears on outside brownish black, reddish towards anterior edges, black inside. Measurements. Total length, 310; hind foot, 61; ear from notch, 65. (ex Type.) Skull: total length, 60.5; basal length, 53; zygomatic breadth, 29; interorbital constriction, 9.5; length of nasals, 24.5; breadth of nasals posteriorly, 10.5. 437. durange (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 609. LEPUS. 425 DuRANGO Hare. Type locality. Rancho Bailon, State of Durango, Mexico. Alti- tude, 7,800 feet. Genl. Char. “Size of Lepus insolitus, but much less varied with black, and the general coloration much paler, except the nape patch, the legs, and feet, which are of the same deep rufous as in L. inso- litus. In other respects the coloration is not distinctly different from that of L. a. major, collected at the same locality. From the latter it differs in being twice as large (in general bulk), and from both L. wmsolitus and L. a. major in important cranial characters. Skull similar in general contour to that of L. a. major, but very much larger, with actually smaller audital bulle.”’ Measurements. Total length, 457; head and body, 406; tail ver- tebre, 51; hind foot without claws, 95; ear from notch, 76. Skull: total length, 79; basilar length, 60; zygomatic breadth, 36.3; length of nasals, 35; width of nasals, posteriorly, 16; anteriorly, 9; alveolar length of upper tooth row, 13.3; length of lower jaw, 55; height of condyle, 30; alveolar length of lower tooth row, 13.6.’’ (Allen, 1. c.) 438. orizabze (Lepus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vim1, 1893, Pakage Or1zABA HARE. Type locality. Mt. Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Altitude about 9,500 feet. Geogr. Distr. State of Puebla, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to L. arizone, but darker; audital bulle smaller. Color. Upper parts except rump deep clay color and black; rump and flanks mixed gray and black; nape patch and feet fulvous; breast drab mixed with buffy; rest of under parts white; tail above grizzled drab gray, and buff, beneath white; ears grayish brown, edge near tip brown. Measurements. Total length, 395; tail vertebre, 51; hind foot, go. 439. nuttalli (Lepus), Bachm., Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1837, p. 345, pl. 22. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., toor, p. 284. artemisia. Bachm., Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1839, p. 94. NutTtaL_’s Hare. Type locality. Plains of the Columbia near Walla Walla. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to 49th parallel. Genl. Char. Size small; colors pale; ear short. Color. Above yellowish gray mixed with black and brown; rump light gray and sides of body whitish yellow; nape pale cinnamon; pectoral band light buff, rest of under parts white; fore legs buffy . 426 LEPUS. white above; hind legs white; tail above like rump, beneath, white; ears pale yellowish brown and black, edged with white. Measurements. Total length, 420; hind foot, 50; ear, 50. Skull: total length, 70; greatest width, 35; interorbital constriction, 18; length of nasals, 31; width of nasals posteriorly, 14; length of upper molar series, 12; length of lower jaw, 47. 440. graysoni (Lepus), Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 347. GRrayson’s Hare. Type locality. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genl. Char. Ear very short; colors pale. Color. Upper parts pale cinnamon brown mixed with blackish brown; sides and rump paler; throat brown, rest of under parts white; outer surface of legs reddish brown, inner surface whitish; ears yellow- ish brown mixed with black at base, blackish brown toward tip; tail above blackish brown, beneath white; orbital ring pale brown. Measurements. Total length, 388-433; tail vertebre, 19-25; hind foot, 88; ear, 57. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 75; Hensel, 60; zygo- matic width, 37; interorbital width, 18; median length of nasals, 24.5; lateral length of nasals, 30; posterior width of nasals, 14.5; anterior width of nasals, 9; palatal length, 30; length of upper tooth row, 13; length of mandible, angle to tip of incisors, 60; length of lower tooth TOW, I4. C. Tapeti. “Skull like that of Lepus, but the hinder supraorbital notch narrow, lobes short with a sharp inner edge; the front of the lower edge of the zygoma dilated, sharp-edged, porous above, hinder nasal opening rather narrow. Tailnone. Earsshort.’’ (Gray,l.c.) KEY TO THESSPECIES. A. Ears very short; tail practically none. PAGE a. Upper parts cinnamon brown’and black.......... L. gabbi 426 b. Upper parts tawny ferrugineous and black..... L.incttatus 428 441. gabbi (Lepus), Allen, Mon. N. Am. Rodent., 1877, p. 349. GasBB’s HARE. Type locality. Talamanca, Costa Rica. Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica. Genl. Char. Ears very short; tail practically none. Color. Above cinnamon brown and black; top of head yellow, ferrugineous, and black; sides of head yellowish brown varied with a LEPUS. 427 black; nape pale rufous: white spot bordered with brown behind nostril; breast yellowish brown; chin, throat, and rest of under parts white; outer side of legs rufous, inner whitish; tail above cinnamon brown and black, beneath yellowish brown; ears pale rufous and black, bordered narrowly with white. Fic. 81. Lepus (TAPETI) Gapei. Type U. S, Nat. Mus. Coll, “Nat, size. Measurements. Total length about 300; ear, 66; hind foot, 75. Skull: total length, 70; Hensel, 55; zygomatic width, 33; interorbital width, 15; median length of nasals, 20: lateral length of nasals, 28: palatal length, 27; length of upper tooth row, 13; length of mandible, 57; length of lower tooth row, Tee 428 LEPUS, 442. incitatus (Lepus), Bangs, Am. Nat. XXXvV., 1901, p. 633. FLEET HARE. Type locality. San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama. Genl. Char. Similar to L. gabbi, but with a larger and heavier skull; rostrum wider and heavier, more rounded and arched; bony palate wider and longer; molar and incisor teeth heavier. Color. Upper parts tawny ferrugineous; sides dull ochraceous; top of head and middle of back mixed with black; nuchal patch, arms, and outer side of legs bright tawny ferrugineous; superciliary stripe buffy white; outer side of ear like back, tip dusky, outer border yellowish white; under parts soiled white; sides of neck tawny ferrugineous; under side isabella. Measurements. Total length, 420; tail vertebre, 20; hind foot, 80; ear from notch, 45. Skull: basal length, 57; occipito-nasal length, 74.6; zygomatic width, 35.4; mastoid width, 23.8; interorbital con- striction, 16.2; length of nasals, 30.4; width of nasals, 13; length of palatal bridge, (incisive foramina to palatal notch), 9; length of incisive foramina, 17; width of incisive foramina, 6.4; upper tooth row, alveolar border, 14.6; length of single half mandible, 56; lower tooth row, alveolar border, 15.4. D. Microlagus. “Ears longer than hind foot; tail short; skull narrow, low, and lightly ossified with postorbital process usually free, scarcely touching cranium behind.’’ (Mearns.) KEY TO THEPoPECIES: PAGE A. Above light fulvous brown and black.......... L.cerrosensis 428 B. Above yellowish, dark brown and black........ L. bachmant 429 C. Above grayish brown and black. a... SNe ce. 5 oe es al L. cinerascens 429 b. Largegie. ... gan... igs pee 25. Sooo L. peninsularis 430 443. cerrosensis (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898, p- 145. Cerros ISLAND HARE. Type locality. Cerros or Cedros Island, off west coast of Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Type locality only. Color. Upper parts light fulvous brown, mixed with black; pec- toral band pale yellowish brown; rest of under parts white; fore feet fawn; hind feet yellowish white; tail dark gray above, white beneath; ears grayish brown. LEPUS, 429 Measurements. Total length, 310; tail vertebre, 25; hind foot, 54; ear from notch, 46. Skull: total length, 58; basal length, 49; greatest zygomatic breadth, 28.5; postorbital constriction, 10; length of nasals, 12; width posteriorly, 9. 444, bachmani (Lepus), Waterh., Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1838, p. 103. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgo1, p. 281. trowbridgit, Baird. Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1855, p. 333. BacHMAN’s Woop Hare. Conejo in Mexico. Type locality. Southwest coast of North America, probably California. Geogr. Distr. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to Fort Crook, California. Genl. Char. Similar to L. auduboni, but smaller; ears equal to head in length; hind feet short; tail almost rudimentary; ears uniformly gray. Color. Above yellowish brown, mixed with dark brown; throat, chest, and sides paler; beneath dusky gray, sometimes whitish; nape light rufous; legs and hind feet whitish, tinged with rufous; ears gray, at extreme base rusty, no black edging at tip; fur everywhere lead- color at base. Measurements. Total length, 380; tail vertebre, 30; hind foot, 75; ear, 61. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 72.5;, Hensel, 54; inter- orbital constriction, 17; median length of nasals, 21; lateral length of nasals, 29; width of nasals posteriorly, 16.5; anterior width of nasals, 9; length of upper tooth row at alveolus, 19; length of lower jaw to tip of incisors, 55; height at condyle, 32. 445. cinerascens (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p- 150. Elliot Syn. Nam. Mamm., roor, p. 287. ASH-COLORED HARE. Type locality. San Fernando, Los Angeles County, California. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and deserts of southern California. Genl. Char. Similar to L. bachmant, but smaller and paler. Color. Above gray and blackish brown mixed; nape pale rusty; dorsal region pale buffy gray; sides pure gray; under parts white; pectoral band brownish gray; fore legs yellowish brown; hind feet grayish brown; tail above dark gray, beneath white; ears brownish gray. Measurements. Total length, 294; tail, 24; hind foot, 63; ear from notch, 58. Skull: total length, 62; basilar length, 48; width at postorbital constriction, 10; length of nasals, 25; posterior width of nasals, 12; length of upper molar series, at alveolar border, 6; length of lower jaw, 42; height at condyle, 27. 430 LEPUS. Fig. 82. LEPUS (MICROLAGUS) CINERASCENS. No. 60886 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat size 446. peninsularis (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1898 p. 144. LOWER CALIFORNIA HARE. ’ [ype locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to L. cinerascens, but paler. Color. Upper parts pale grayish brown and black, darkest on dorsal region; sides grayer and paler; under parts and hind feet white; fore feet brownish white. Measurements. Total length, 324; tail vertebre, 20; hind foot, 73; ear, 61. Skull: total length, 6r.5; basal length, 52; greatest vygomatic breadth, 30; width of postorbital constriction, 9.5; length of nasals, 26; posterior width of nasals, 11; length of upper molar series, 11.5; length of lower jaw, 43; height at condyle, 25. FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE XLI, ZOOLOGY. LEPUS T. EREMICUS. No. 1031 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size LEPUS. 431 E. Macrotolagus. Interparietal obliterated in adults; skull twice as long as wide; postorbital processes large, arching, and united to cranium by a suture, and inclosing a wide and long foramen; nasals lengthened; upper front incisors without distinct lateral groove; ear longer than hind foot. KEYSO Tee sPECIES AND SUBSPEGIES. A. Ears very large, longer than hind foot. a. Ears black at base. a.’ Nape of neck black. PAGE a.’” Above yellowish brown and black....... L: callotts 431 b.’” Above grayish fawn and black........ L. merriamt 432 be Nape Oebraceouagoull. 28).........00...: L. gallard: 433 CeeNapewperer DUM... 02. -... voces. ous Lee. bativim ass Pee Nel Demy OUST... coud sd eae L, allent 433 ey Napesmmimbeotsigun ta... :.... cade. -- L. a. palitans 434 b. Ears without black at base, fringed with white or yellowish white. a.’ Ears broccoli brown; nape grizzled black Fit LO GR re Lo, -aSelits. 43's b.’ Ears grizzled black and brown; nape pale VeGumaisit) OLOWMAM tr... mee eee L. t. eremicus 435 c.’ Ears brownish gray; nape grayish white. a,’ Sid foot, MimemmmiGnd. |... ea. Leen. L. t. griseus 436 i. Mid TOOtQMmERN Iai. 6... oe... 2 L. t. micropus 436 d.’ Ears pale drab; nape pale yellowish RON we. A Ltt deserticola 437 e.’ Ears dark brown; nape smoky gray; size large imc) fomrmtememnim ..\3. yes... L. californicus 437 m Palerand smater: bind -foot; r20mm..... 4, 6, some 438 g.’ Ears gray. a.’ Upper parts black; beneath pale vina- COMMS CUMpmmMO Mi. . . 5. we sPleutue We ens L. insularis 438 b.” Upper parts steel gray and black; be- neath whitish, washed with salmon....L. martirensis 439 447. callotis (Lepus), Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 23. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 288. nigricaudatus, Bennett, Proc. Zodl. Soc., 1833, p. 41: mexicanus (Licht.) Richards 6th Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1837, p. 150. flavigularis, Wagl. Suppl. Schreib. Saugeth. Iv, 1844, p. 107. BEAUTIFUL-EARED JACK Rassit. Liebre in Mexico. Type locality. “Mexico.” 432 LEPUS. Geogr. Distr. Through Mexico to Tehuantepec. Genl. Char. Size large; similar to L. texensis Waterh., but the black on tips of ears almost obsolete, quite so in some specimens, the tips being pale yellowish or white. Color. Above yellowish brown, mixed with black; sides paler; rump and thighs whitish ash, lined with black, and a black line in center of rump; nape black in summer; pectoral collar and throat pale brownish yellow; rest of under parts and hind feet white; outer surface of fore legs ashy gray, lined faintly with black; whitish spot on head; ears brownish yellow with yellowish white edging, usually white at tips; tail above black, beneath brownish gray. Measurements. Total length, 560; tail vertebra, 57; hind foot, 142; ear, height posteriorly, 137. Skull: total length, 47.5; greatest width, 44.5; interorbital constriction, 23; length of nasals, 45; pos- terior width of nasals, 46; length of upper molar series, 14; length of lower jaw, 67; height of lower jaw, 33. 448. merriami (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 444. Elliot Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1gor1, p. 289. texensis, Aud. & Bachm., N. Am. Quad., 1, 1853, p. 156, pl. CXXEIMI. MERRIAM’S JACK RABBIT. Type locality. Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico near boundary line and “ Lower Gulf Coast to mouth of the Rio Grande, and up that stream to mouth of the Devil’s River.”’ Genl. Char. Similar to L. callotis; ears shorter and tipped with black. Color. Above grayish fawn mixed with black; nape black; sides of rump, thighs, and legs grayish white, lined with black; a black line on middle of rump; gular area clay color; rest of under parts white except a cream buff patch on sides of abdomen, such as are usually seen before the thighs; tail above black, beneath white; ears on anterior surface yellowish brown, mixed with black, the border buff, succeeded by a narrow black line; inner surface with base and tip black, intermediate space grayish white; inside ears buff with an elongated black patch near outer edge; the border is white at base, then buff, and black at tip. Measurements. Total length, 570; tail vertebre, 75; hind foot, 123; ear from crown, 142. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 90; Hensel, 72; zygomatic width, 41; interorbital constriction, 26; median length of nasals, 31; posterior width of nasals, 20.5; length of frontals, 37; of parietals, 18; palatal length, 9.5; length of lower jaw from tips of incisors, 71; height at condyle, 37. LEPUS., 433 449. gaillardi (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 560. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 289. GAILLARD’s JACK RABBIT. Type locality. Plagas Valley, near its west fork, near Monument No. 63, Mexican boundary line, Grant County, New Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, into plain east of the San Luis Mountains, at the head of the Rio Yaqui, and east of that river’s watershed. Extent of range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to L. callotis, but more yellowish; ears smaller; no black patch on nape. Skull: nasals long and very wide; supraorbital processes elevated, massive. Color. Head cream buff and black; whitish area about eye; nape ochraceous buff; back pale ochraceous cinnamon, mixed with black; rump and thighs white with a few black hairs; sides and under parts white; limbs white, washed with buff on outer side; gular patch buff; sides of neck and front of shoulders ochraceous; ears yellowish brown, mixed with black anteriorly, white posteriorly, tips white, fringe on anterior edge ochraceous buff, of tips and posterior edge white; tail above black with many white-tipped hairs, beneath white. But little difference between summer and winter pelages. Measurements. Total length, 530; tail vertebre, 77; ear from crown, 146; hind foot, 131. a—battyi (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 607. Batry’s JACKASS RABBIT. Type locality. Rancho Santuario, State of Durango, Mexico. Genl. Char. ‘‘Similar to L. galliardi, but much smaller, the gen- eral coloration yellower and less rufescent, especially the under fur; prepectoral collar much paler, nearly white, or pale brownish white instead of buff; front of fore feet grayish white instead of buffy white, and upper surface of hind feet clearer or purer white; extreme ter- minal portion (about 25 mm.) of anterior border of ear blackish in both forms.” Measurements. ‘‘Type, total length, 511; head and body, 451; tail vertebre, 60; hind foot without claws, 122; ear from notch, 127; from crown, 140. Skull: total length, 92; basal length, 82; zygo- matic breadth, 41; greatest breadth across supraorbital processes, 31; postorbital constriction, 11; length of nasals, 40; anterior width of nasals, 11; posterior width of nasals, 20; palatal length, 9; length of premolar-molar series (alveolar border), 17.’’ (Allen, 1. c.) 450. alleni (Lepus), Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18go, p. 294. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 288. 434 LEPUS. Fic. LVIIl. LEPUS ALLENI. ALLEN’S JACK RABBIT. ALLEN’S JACK RABBIT. Type locality. Rillito Station, Southern Pacific Railroad, Pima County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. Desert region between Phoenix and _ Benson, Arizona. Mexico? Genl. Char. Size large; ears large; fulvous gular patch. Color. Above yellowish brown, mixed with black; nape fulvous; sides, hips, rump, and outer side of legs white, mixed with black, giving a gray effect; pectoral band fulvous, rest of under parts white; head pale yellowish gray; feet white above; tail above gray, with a line of plumbeous black extending onto the rump, beneath white; ears whitish, with fringe white. Measurements. Total length, 643; tail vertebra, 69; hind foot, 138; ear from notch, 156. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 108; Hensel, 86; zygomatic width, 48; median nasal length, 34; lateral length of nasals, 45; posterior width of nasals, 36; anterior width of nasals, 16; palatal length to tip of azygos termination, 11; length of upper tooth row, 19; length of frontals, 47; of parietals, 16; length of lower jaw from tips of incisors to angle, 84; height at condyle, 43. a.—palitans (Lepus), Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zo6l. Club, 1, 1900, p. 85. WANDERING JACK RABBIT. Type locality. Agua Caliente, forty miles southeast of Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to L. allent, but smaller and darker; ear shorter; rostrum broader and shorter. LEPUS. 435 Color.. Above yellowish brown; sides gray; flanks and rump white; chin, throat, and under parts, except neck, and inner side of legs white; under side of neck cinnamon; nape plumbeous; head grizzled gray; orbital ring whitish; tail above blackish, beneath white; ears naked except white fringe on edges. Measurements, Ear from notch, 126; from crown, 150; hind foot, 129. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 95.4; zygomatic width, 46.2; inter- orbital constriction, 22; length of nasals, 42.2; greatest width of nasals, 23.6; length of upper tooth row, 16.4. 451. asellus (Lepus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1899, p-. 380. DonKEY JAcK RaAspir. Type locality. City of San Luis Potosi, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico; range unknown. Genl. Char. Similar to L. merriami, with longer ears and shorter tail. Color. Above grizzled black and white; dorsal line darkest; rump and sides paler; under parts white, tinged with bluish gray; collar buff; limbs smoky gray, tinged with broccoli brown on fore legs and feet; hind feet white; a white line on fore legs to wrist, and one on hind legs to feet; orbital ring whitish; nape grizzled like back; ears broccoli brown, edges buff, tip black; tail above black, below grayish white. Measurements. Total length, 558; tail vertebre, 62; hind foot, 120; ear from crown, 175. Skull: greatest length, 100; basal length, 84; zygomatic width, 44; interorbital constriction, 30; lateral length of palate, 7; posterior margin of palate to tip of hamular process, 21; length of nasals, 43; greatest width of nasals, 22; upper molar series, 16.8; length of incisive foramina, 10.4; length of mandible, 74; length of lower molar series, 17. texensis eremicus, Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgor, p. 291. texianus (sic) eremicus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1894, paeea7., DeEserT JACK RAsBIrT. Type locality. Fairbank, Cochise County, Arizona. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, north to the White Moun- tain region, southeastern Arizona. Genl. Char. Similar to L. texensis, but smalleg Color. Above pale yellowish brown and black, darker on head and tinged with rufous; nape pale yellowish brown; flanks yellowish white, grading into the pure white of under parts; spot on rump 436 LEPUS. black; broad fulvous band on lower part of throat and breast; rest of under parts and inside of legs white; outer side of legs pale yel- lowish brown; tail above black, beneath whitish; ears outside yel- lowish brown, finely grizzled with black and fringed with white on edges; inside grayish, grizzled brown inside the white edge. Measurements. Total length, 565; tail vertebre, 74; hind foot, 123; ear from crown, 128. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 94; Hensel, 76; zygomatic width, 42; lateral nasal length, 37; median nasal length, 29; posterior nasal width, 20; anterior nasal width, 14; length of lower jaw to end of incisors, 72; height at condyle, 4o. texensis Sriseus, Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgot, p. 291. texianus (sic) griseus (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 562. Gray DESERT JACK RABBIT. Type locality. Fort Hancock, El Paso County, Texas. Geogr. Distr. States of Coahuila and Chihuahua, Mexico, north to upper Rio Grande from Maverick and Kinney Counties, Texas, to Grant County, New Mexico. Genl. Char. Size about equal to that of L. californicus; ear larger. Color. Winter Pelage. Above brownish gray, lined with black; rump and thighs gray; sides gray, lined sparsely with black and tinged with yellowish brown; nape grayish white; top of head brownish gray mixed with black; sides of head and neck tinged with yellowish brown; gular patch grayish clay color; rest of under parts white; legs gray, tinged with clay color; tail above black, this color extending over and dividing the gray on the rump, beneath brownish; ears brownish gray on outside anteriorly, with brownish white fringes, posteriorly white, tipped with black and fringed with white. Measurements. Total length, 559.2; tail vertebra, 91.5; hind foot, 127; ear from crown, 152.8. texvensis micropus. t ianus (sic) micropus (Lepus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 605. SMALL-FOOTED HARE. Type locality. Rio del Bocas, State of Durango, Mexico. Alti- tude, 6,800 feet. Genl. Char. ‘‘Similar to L. t. eremicus and L. t. griseus, but more brownish gray than the latter, and large-bodied, with shorter tail, smaller hind feet, and larger ears than either, and with less fulvous along the sides of the body; prepectoral area paler and more grayish.” Measurements. ‘‘Type, total length, 535; head and body, 450; tail vertebre, 76; hind foot, 114; ear from notch, 133; from crown, ae LEPUS. 437 175. Eight males. Total length, 564 (535-587); head and body, 493 (459-514); tail vertebre, 71 (64-83); hind foot, 116 (108-127); ear from notch, 136.4 (133-146). Eleven females. Total length, 599 (559-626); head and body, 524 (483-546); tail vertebre, 73.7 (64-89); hind foot, without claws, 118 (108-124); ear from notch, 137 (130-145).’’ (Allen, 1. c.) texensis deserticola, Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., rgot, p. 291. tex1anus (sic) deserticola (Lepus), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., £S, 1896, pe 564. WESTERN DESERT RABBIT. Type locality. Western edge of the Colorado Desert, at base of Coast Range Mountains, in San Diego County, California. Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, and the desert region between the Sonoyta Valley of Arizona and Sonora, and the Coast Range Mountains of California; Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size of L. californicus, with larger ears; colors pale. Color. Above clay color, mixed with gray and black; sides and gular patch ochraceous; beneath tinged with ochraceous buff; ear pale drab and white, as usually seen, tipped with black on under side. Measurements. Total length, 560; tail vertebrze, 110; hind foot, 125; ear from crown, 158. Skull: total length, 92.5; occipito-nasal length, 90; Hensel, 72; zygomatic width, 42; width between orbits, 26; median nasal length, 29; lateral nasal length, 38; width of palatal bridge at tip of azygos, 8; length of incisive foramina, 22; posterior width of incisive foramina, 10; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 16; mandibular length, angle to alveolus of incisor, 63; height at coronoid process, 37. 452. californicus (Lepus), Gray, Charlesw. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1, 1837, p. 596, Bachme, Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Plul., 16309; p. 86. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 291. bennettt, Gray Zool. Sulphur, 1844, p. 36, pl. 14. richardsont, Bachm. Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1839, p. 88. CALIFORNIA JACK RABBIT. Type locahty. “St. Antoine,’ fornia. Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, from Cape St. Lucas to northern California. Genl. Char. Size large; ears and hind feet longer than the head; hind feet shorter than the ears. Color. Above yellowish brown, mixed with black; sides, rump, and thighs tinged with cinnamon; head like back, darkest on the crown; nape smoky gray; béneath white in center of belly and chin; ? Santa Barbara County?, Cali- 438 LEPUS. chest and fore legs pale yellowish brown; hind feet whitish; tail above black, this color extending on the rump and dividing the gray sides; beneath pale buff; ears dark brown, fringed anteriorly with white, and with a fulvous white border posteriorly, tips brownish black. Measurements. Total length, 545; tail vertebre, 107; hind foot, 161; ear from notch, 125; from crown, 155. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 80; Hensel, 54; zygomatic breadth, 41; interorbital constric- tion, 17; lateral length of nasals, 32; median length of nasals, 26; posterior width of nasals, 18; anterior width of nasals, 11; length of upper tooth row, 13; length of lower jaw to end of incisors, 61; height at coronoid process, 36. a.—xanti (Lepus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., 1, 1898, Pp. 45. LOWER CALIFORNIA JACK RABBIT. Type locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to L. californicus, but smaller and grayer. Color. General color like pale L. calijornicus, with belly tinged with darkish buff; ears gray outside, white inside; anterior fringe white with black hairs intermixed; nape smoky gray or black. Measurements. Total length, 540; tail, 63; hind foot, 120; ear from notch, 125. Skull: ‘greatest length, 88; basilar length, 69; greatest breadth, 41; diagonal length of nasals, 38; greatest breadth of nasals, 17.6; intertemporal breadth with ledges, 22.6; without ledges, 16.7; breadth of palatal bridge, 6; length of molar series, alveolar border, 14.7.” 453. insularis (Lepus), Bryant, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser., 11, LOOT ps (92, edwardst, St. Loup, Bull. Mus. Paris, 1895, p. 5. ESPERITO SANTO ISLAND JACK RABBIT. Type locality. Esperito Santo Island, coast of Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality. Genl. Char. Size equal to that of L. californicus. Color. Above black; under parts pale vinaceous cinnamon, darker on sides; cheeks gray; chin and orbital region grayish white; throat cinnamon rufous; limbs and fore feet cinnamon rufous; hind feet grayish white; toes brownish; tail black above, beneath cin- namon rufous; ears blackish gray, tips black, inferior margin white. Measurements. Total length about 450; tail, 100; hind foot, t1o (dried skin). ; LEPUS., 439 454. martirensis (Lepus), Stowell, Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 2d Ser., Vomeom, Pp. 51. SAN Pepro Martir Jack RaBBir. Type locality. La Grulla, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. San Pedro Martir Range, Lower California, Mexico. Genl. Char. Size of L. californicus; ears larger; color darker. Color. Above mixed steel gray and black; sides lighter tinged with rufous; chin and throat yellowish white; neck beneath gray; breast and inner side of legs salmon; belly whitish, washed with salmon; ears gray, apical half black. Measurements. Total length, 603; tail vertebre, 95; hind foot, 126; ear from crown, 184. Skull: total length, 96; occipito-nasal length, 91; Hensel, 75; zygomatic width, 41; breadth between orbits, 24.5; median length of nasals, 30; lateral length of nasals, 34.5; posterior width of nasals, 17; width of palatal bridge to point of azygos, 10; length of incisive foramina, 24; posterior width of incisive foramina, 9; alveolar length of upper tooth row, 10; mandibular length, angle to alveolus of incisor, 61; height at coronoid process, 36. INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE ADELt MSCIEEUS) ..... cera. . cmeneeNe 112 END EODUN SMe i k's ss samaeee © « Saaaemeee 352 PNOTOGIIMENRG.... ska. «Mee 272 acapulcensis. (Cervus)! .. «vas. - 74 ENCOCONMERED Ss \.s . . A Siter » ove eee 272 AcodomeMOliviensis: ju... ... ees 272 WMecdommracd.... sigue. >. caer 273, 274 AcodoOM feguina ...u..... 273,274,275 ACODOMMePTICUS ..9m-.... vee 273,274 Acodon xerampelinus..:..... 273, 275 UXCLETMOMG ISIS’ .\.. >. Ropes <> cle eee 62 adocetus, (Citellus))........% I41, 152 adolphei. (Sciurus) ..98, 114, 126, 127 adspersus. (Heteromys) ..... 369, 373 edium. (Plagiodontia) ...... 395, 396 Ssuuanopee (OCLUILUS)err . ouae « siees 104 affinis. (Hesperomys) .......... 180 affinis. (Peromyscus) ....172, 180, 181 MSs (OCLUMITS) els ass > - « Lee 124 Agaplielis glawious .........ieeu. 40 ALSIISHeMCOIPOGOmyS) ..... 45 vey 3409, 351 agilisu(Perodipus) ..... scleen 349, 351 AcOutiee.: . . Maa: ss cee 403, 408 INS OUMUINDACA . Peas: «ai eee te 408 AgoutiapyViTgatae.. 4... eee 408, 409 Aooutitaczanowsiin.. «. sane 403, 408 INSOUPIGGON.« :..s0 skeet, > cameo 403 Ttene efell:), nn, Cee pemene e! ge 200 albigula. (Neotoma i.) ..278, 285, 286 albilabris. (Rhithrodontomys m.) 5.0 (iGo REMODRCREEIDDIa O8aG oc uo 258, 269 albinasus. (Pappogeomys) ...320, 321 alpigese ((oclurus)) ... 1 semeemeieee sal « ly CUUDINOSTLIS SN ASUS)! 00. ale) ERA ess 66 albinastris. —((Llagassu).. Sama. - 66 albiventer. (Oryzomys) ..... 234, 230 albolimbatus. (Heteromys) ..374, 375 albolumbatus. (Scturusid))...... 0 3) albriganus. (Delphinus)i7:)...... 55 alexandmimis, (Vitis) peer. 162, 164 Altai — (Oiy-zOnys) seen en: 234, 242 alfa, (SCHITUS ie. .ieime hack 94,99 alfari. (Sigmodontomys)..... 254, 255 PART i PAGE algeriensis. (Delphinus) ........ 55 Alia 3). . ahaa sf RRMA ed cos 47 alleni. (Heteromys) .....370, 374, 376 alleni. i(Hlodomiys) semen) 206, 2907 alleni, * (Lepisyr. . caamens 431, 433) 434 alleni (GNeapomia) Mamet. a 296, 297 allenion “(ScuntS) neers 95, 106, 108 alleniy V(Siemocdon) aes... as5 222, 224 allex: (Beromiyscus)))...)..2% 172,175 allophilus. (Peromyscus) ....172, 208 alope: (Prodelphinius).. 22 .5e as 58 EWsinoraiin — ((Ceibhormaiygs)) & Shoo ae 9 alstoni. (Neotomodon) ..292, 293, 294 ALSTON (OCIS) a.) cere oeeeee te 108 alticola. (Rhithrodontomys s.) .. acy sdietatsha Gutbetemertiytey csdsaharskcl erent PN Hoye) alticola. (Sigmondon)....... 224, 231 aliitcolas, @bbonmiomiys! 1.) eee Banas altilaneus. (Peromyscus) ....175, 210 ambiguus. (Dipodomys m.).. 343, 346 americana. (Antilocapra)...... 82, 83 americana. (Antilope)......... 81, 82 americanus. “(Cervis)) sea ai 68 americanus. (Odontoccelus) .69, 70, 75 americanus. (Trichechus)....... 37 AMISORIRGR ... «cep eer eam itis L58 /Nangh anko aol Oi oc > nea b 0 6 Wome 209 Ammospermophilus ...... 139, 140, I4I amoles. (Sigmodon a.) ...... 224,231 amplus. (Peromyscus) ...... 174, 205 angelensis. (Peromyscus b.)..173, 190 angulatum. (Dicotyles)......... 63 angulatum. (Tagassu)...62, 63, 64, 65 angusticeps. (Neotomai.) ...278, 285 angusticeps. (Oryzomys) ....235, 245 angustirostris. (Perognathus p.) . 5 OSS. 2 eRe > oS 7 eee 25 7a angustirostris. (Platygeomys t.) . SLED: oREEEEREA CIS <<) <) Sane 318, 319 aninee: | (Dhomomiysiaye.... 7... 333; 335 annectens. (Heteromys) .....369, 371 annulatus. (Citellus) ....141, 151,152 annulatus. (Spermopilus) ....... rit ii PAGE. gnomalus, (Mus) ..fae.... cca 308 anthonyi. (Hesperomys)........ 185 anthonyi. (Neotoma) ....... 278, 283 anthonyi. (Perognathus) ....358, 366. anthonyi. (Peromyscus)..172, 185, 186 anthonyi. (Sciufus) ..g2...: ae 130 antillarum. (Oryzomys) ..... 235, 247 antillensis. (Dasyprocta) ....... 407 ATITMOCA DTS... ox. bss sy RnR 81 Antilocapra americana ........:.. 82, 83 Antilocapra a. mexicana ....... 81, 82 Aintionspmae ..... igi... sae 81 Antilope americana ............ 81, 82 apache (Perognathus) ..........; 356 apache. (Seiurus) xg. oh 95,107, 110 apatelius. (Oryzomys j.).....235, 246 aphrastus. (Thomomys) .....334, 336 apricus. (Acodon t.) ..\.....a73)a ACUavICUS, S(UenUS) . ames. am 414 aquaticus. (Oryzomys).......... 241 AT SOSCLUTIS wee Ce, ce a es OI, 94, 106 arboreus. (Peromyscus) ......:. 170 aroucus.) \(Onomnie iar... ka tee 51 Arctomys ludovicianus .......... 153 ASTCHOPUGMOCUB cd is bk <. oem 17 auritus. (Odomtoccelus)<......°. 76 auritus. (Peromyscus). ..174, 206, 209 aurogaster. GQsCluTUS) see ae oe 115 austerulus. (Sigmodon)......224, 231 australis. (Hlalicore) mage... oe 36 australis. (Rhithrodontomys) 257, 259 australis: _ (Driehechus) some... 2: 37 aztecus. (Hespéromys) ..%G..... 184 aztecus. (Lepusf.).%.... 417, 418, 419 aztecus (Oryzomys c.) ......234, 245 aztecus. (Peromyscus) ...... 172, 184 aztecus. (Rhithrodontomys) .... 2509 bachmani. (Lepus) ......55 , 428, 429 badius. (Peromyscus y.) .....173, 194 baileyi. (Perognathus) ..357, 361, 362 baileyi. (Sigmodon) .\. ie... . ; 226 baileyi. (Sigmodon h.) ...... 223, 226 SRIOIMLYS ... + 5c sesh urs Sree Tos oe 170 OIOSCLUTUS .. cee cane sum OL, O04, Doe esrdi. (Delphimus) lage... . 20s 55 bairdi. (Elasmognathus)....... 87, 88 Beirdi. (Tapirelig). .ti.*'. «an 87, 88 Meleens HOOPS scarce ehiteweD s,s gies 40 Malena glacialis gun. amees . «lies 39 malene MysSticetusiss me «<< Male +> 39 MBALSOTIG 2S 0. . os cake SEES «Lees 38, 30 aleenoptera ....0.. Wes « Oe 6s 42 Balzenoptera davidsoni.......... 42 Balenoptera gibbar ..........:.., 42 Balenoptera sulfurea........ 38, 42, 43 Baleenoptera velifera ........... 42, 43 mercenopterins . 2... Geen » eee 42 baliolus. (Sciurus y.) .....96, 114, 126 banderanus. (Peromyscus) ...... OSA se E 173, 189, 190 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. iii PAGE batteatus. (Delphinus)......... 55 battyi. (Didelphys m.)........ Ay, 00 7 peuiyo. (uemmses.) . 0. views 431, 433 ipaty1. (Odonitoccelus) v7.) .08 69, 71 beatz. (Peromyscus)........ 172, 184 Ipeecheyiem(@xtellus Vv.) fa... eee 150 bellicosa. (Megapteran.) ....... 41 Delti.. Gsemmus b.) van... 98, 114, 128 IBGmeGenitawe, =. «ss aaa. cee 42 PennNet (LeDUS) : syd. » . cee 437 berlandieri. (Sigmodon)........ 22 berlandieri. (Sigmodonh.)...... Oh 0 A Re mee el, Cet Outs bimaculatus. (Perognathus)..... 350 Divautemee (Lamancnic) 1.) eens « 2 blandus. (Peromyscus 1.) ....172, 182 blandus:” (Peromyscus s.) ....... 182 boliviensis. (Acodon) .......... 272 boopsm(palana)ees: >... . 0 anaes 40 poorer (Sciutwey.. ... . +. .cnpe SIRS alec ome O07, 1r4, T2007, 128 boquetensis. (Sciurus)..... 94,99, 100 borueas \(Siomodom) ..)... 2en.. 224 boricxzy (Sigmodomh.)) -....-.-- PEWS AOE sk sic oat 222,223,224, 224, 232 IB Ocleoee - J ecieaiitlaes logs. « «oveeahe. -sienieee 21 Bradypus castaneiceps......... 22,23 Bradypusiidactyllus sire samelnee os 19 Bradiwptis STISCUS | a) .u ome iene tn 23), 2 Brady pusmntuscatuss.« wreeon: 22, 23 Bracaypusmridactylus. .... tame. +. - 21 brevicauda. (Zygodontomys).... 254 breviceps.. (Cogia) 1.5 vammmemins.-< 46 breviceps. (Physeter) ..c0...... 40 brevinasus. (Perognathus p.).353, 355 brochus. (Synthetosciurus) ....91, 92 browni. (Capromys) . ...390, 393, 394 brown. (sciurus) ....7905. 94, 99, 100 brunneus. (Peromyscus m.). .172, 176 bryantj. (Neotoma))...°..... 277, 280 bryanti. (Perognathus s.)....357, 364 buccatus:, “(CiteM@is) tis... oe ds 149 bulbivorus. (Thomomys) ....... Rigo : PAGE Bullaris. Cilomycime, » agi. « 217, 219 bullatus. (Peromyscus) ...... 173, 193 iulleri. .\eEeenee +. = cae 209 canescens. (Marmosa)......... Oyo canescens. (Micoureus) ......... 6 canescens. (Neotoma).......... 281 canescens. (Perognathus n.) .357, 365 CAMICCD SRN (OCIUTUS) MMe). .'. 6 tiem 93 canus. (Heteromys)......... 374, 375 Cams, "GLAOMYS)).Gumemt so. . «Scene 375 ecamus. (Odontocceltsm,) ... 02. 69, 78 Capiepratuse (SCuummus)ies |... cane 107 Gapmromiyitics..... sues «oles 382, 388 Capromysia,:. sees 382, 388, 380, 393 Capromysvprachyupugy ......« tam 393 Capromys Brown. 5... . 390, 393, 394 ,. iv INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE PAGE. Capromys elegans. ........... 390, 392 | Cervus lichtensteini ........ a. ie Capromys fournieri ......... +389, 390 | Cervus mexicanus ...........45. 72 Capromys ingrahami......... 390, 304 | Cervus nemoralis. .............: 74 Capromys melanurus ......... wonwsot | Cervus rufinus. cages... ose 79 Capromys pilorides .......... waeveo0 | Cervus sartori. :iciemae.. . ene So Capromys prehensilis... .. .390, 39%, 392 | Cervus toltecus ............ ota a Capromys p. gundlachi ....... sammaga | Cetacea ...k% «. tam «AAR es 38 Capromys quemi 2... . sain s. a meeoo.| Cetoptera .20. .. < cxmintess «sso seumee 42 Capromys thoracatus..... . . Romnaoas) Chetodipus.. «. cine. 352, 356, 368 ORTON ig sass eek se < c 68 | chapmani. (Dipodomys)........ 350 Cariacus h. californicus ... iv... ene: samen 149 Crrelluisnemmell .)... .. nite. > seem 140 Citellus eryptospilotus........... 144 Gitelliisvelavans .... Agme. . oem 145 Citellus harrisi ...... 140, 141, 142,143 Citellusth, saxicola ....... 139, 140, 142 Citelliisamterpres ....%....00n 140, 143 Citelinssiateralis.. . Gum... wanes « 147 Citeliismencurus .. cen. ..< 140, 142,143 Citellus 1. peninsule...... 140, 141, 143 CirtelliysmmacrouruSia. . >. coeeeeey « 149 Citellusimadrensis@y.....s.0ne 140, 147 Citellus mexicanus....... 140,145, 146 Citellus m. parvidens......... 140, 1406 Citelie perotensig .........+06 140, 145 Crtelimerspilosomay ys... ...sun 140, 145 Citellus s. microspilotus ..140, 144, 145 Citellus tereticaudus ......... 140, 144 Citelluset. Sonoriensis. .)...).. 140, 144 Citellus variegatus....... 141, 148, 149 Citellus v. atricapillus........ I41, 150 Citellus'v. beecheyi .........005«. 150 Citellgey. fisheiM........owe I4I, 150 Citellus v. grammurus ....141, 149, 150 Citellgeyy. TupSseris:....cccene I4I,150 Citeliggae (Mites, +... eeimaaess + 139 Citiioee.... . teria ots \cngeemnnns 130 Citilisemexicatticueer,,. i cere: 146 clarkii. (Cratogeomys) ......... 315 clavatus. (Odontoccelus) ....... 73 clementis. (Peromyscus t.)...... Sar As lL meMMeoncer By aire ¢ D783 203, 187 cleias. al homomys) i.tnceeee:. 340 (Ohh A nates alot, AR OCI e Eh cro ae 57 VARIED Gee. ws a vs Sn 57 cenectus, (Perognathus) ...7.. 357, 302 cocos, (Sciurus s.) ....05, 06, 114, 124 SCEUEETI Siri: .. «s\n lento, Met ennnn oe ea ps 408 (Glo va cb ORR retort 9 3a Rae 309 Coencdu lenatum..:...s.00... 400, 402 Coendu mexicanum ...... 400, 4OT, 402 Coendu m. yucatanie ........ 400, 402 Coendu nove-hispania .......... 402 Cogndu paliidum, 37: . amen. » + 400, 401 Coendu prehensil¥fs ...0py......%. 402 Coendu rothschildi. porters 400, 401 PAGE. GORA .. jukeke|. » + OMe lubn mn dee 40 Cogia brevigeps. . gu ui sea 46 coibe. (Daysprocta) ........ 405, 407 colime. (Rhithrodontomys)..... ooo GRAD. 3-12 I ae 258, 266, 267 colimensis. (Scirus a.)iis..:..- 120 colimensis. (Sciurus p.)...95,114, 119 colimensis. (Sciurus w.) ........ 120 colli, ((Borwriggines jaateng 0 508 eaeitte 97, 109, 114, 121, 122, 123, 129 Colobotis:... cigs meee snk 59 ale 139 communis. (Phoczna)......... 48 commitimis, GPUursiopEys........08 56 compressicauda. (Tursiops) ..... 50 comptus. (Peromyscus) .....174, 206 CONTMIS, waGepus ay as vrs ine 417, 424 consobrinus. coolidgii, (Peromyscus m.)174, 202 (Peromyscus t.) ...173, 187 costaricensis. (Macrogeomys) 328, 330 costaricensis. (Odontoccelus) ...69,'73 costaricensis. (Oryzomys) ...... eR ARTY hoe 233, 235, 249, 250 costaricensis. (Rhithrodontomys) HEE TAME IES Ede aN La 258, 267, 268 coucai. (Crtenus) sac ccna) tone 149 comer (Cervus B,)\. iiss 6 yeas 70 couesi. (Hesperomys) .......... 236 couesi. (Odontoccelus a.) ...69, 70, 71 couesi, (Oryzomys) .234, 236, 239, 247 coypm@. (Myogaster) i657. 4: 382 cozumele. (Didelphys y.)...... 14,15 cozumele. (Oryzomys) ...... 234, 241 comumele. (Peromyscus) ....172, 181 crassidens. (Phlocmiia)).ii5...... 51 crassidens. (Pseudorca) ........ 51 Crasstime (Lagasstiae) i... sso 62,64 erassuml,. (Tayasstai..... ..0e 64 CratoSeousys <... vanes « 309, 311, 320 Cratogeomys castanops........... 0S, ct RE ERIORE Sie, 313; suppscO Cratogeomys c. goldmani..... Ruch ie p ile, Cratogeomys clarkivyyw........0s5 jul Cratogeomys estor........... 312, 314 Cratogeomys fulvescens ...... 312, 316 Cratogeomys merriami ....... 312, 313 Cratogeomys oreocetes ....... 313, 314 Cratogeomys peregrinus ...... 309, 904 Cratogeomys perotensis. .. 312, 313, 314 creminobates. (Ovisee:)) ... 0.10% 84, 85 ereper. (Rhithrodontomys) . .258, 272 Cimeetodigus ....¢amee.s.... eee 352 vi INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE crinituss (Oryzomys)iee..- 2 235, 245 crispus.. (Heteromys) ......+ 375, 380 erispus. (Liomys) : chee. - - lene 380 crispus. (Tamandua) if... ..igae 27 enistata. (Cavia)...\ ie... oe 407 enstata. (Dasyprocta)me. :..- 405, 407 eristatus. (Echinomys)'..... 23 383 cristobalensis. (Peromyscus z.) .. Be ete. 0/5 oe nes) Sem 175, 209 crusmiorum, (Tagassu) ..89. - 4m 62, 65 erusmioram, (Tayassu) ..23.). 2m 65 cryptospilotus. (Citellus) ....... T44 Pitot hl Sn 0 ame) LORE. 5 cumulator. (Neotoma) ...... 277, 280 curvirostris. _(Delphimus) 1.7 ./. 75 55 (Orbea): Se aE 5 oR 403 Gq CTIUIS cet ie haiainwsvate eS: = + eee 42 Gyclopess Maw Sam. : -\siegei os tara 24 Cyclopesidorsaliqn |, . . eee. «me 25, 26 CY ClOCIUTUS ce epee. «o/c gin « Siam 25 Cyclothurus dorsalis); .... 080). | ae 25 cymiodice. (Tuxsiops) .. 2925. 23% 56 CyMOMLYS ocd ceohtas on Nema 153 Cynomys arizonensis ......... 153, 154 CymomySiStiseus enna sor crgin aoc 155 Cynomys gunnisoni.......... 153,156 Cynomysslatransey iw. seater 155 Cynomys ludovicianus........... Oe ha, & baton ot cctos 32 Res 153, 154, 155,156 Cynomys mexicanus .,.°....> see 153,156 Cynomys missouriensis .......... 155 Cymomiys Socialis, sis seis 5 ee. 2 155 Datinal \.te ii<\ Seo Sete ee sod 68 Dama rothschilds << ...cegeee sd 2 WDAS WMO IS. our. «ls cee > + ota 368 IDES Y POUL so. x1s:20% eee. « ame 31 Wasypodamesn ).:.):, 1.) eee: > +. eR 31 DASVProGtaer: «<<. SMRMeIEEERE ©. «5 nee 403 Dasyproctavantillensigy......... 407 Dasyproctarcallida giemsatec.. : 405, 406 Dasyproctapcoibe . 2ee aces... 405, 407 Dasyproctareristata 2... yas... : 405, 407 Dasyprocta isthmica ..... 405, 400, 407 Dasyprocta mexicana ........ 404, 405 Dasyproctaspunctataa.meee- - < cite 405 Dasyprocta ruatanica ........... 405 Dasypus novemcinctum ......... 33 Dasypus novemcinctus .......... 32 Dasypusmimicinctus sie. «ce eee > 31 davidsoni. (Balzenoptera)....... 42 PAGE decolorus. (Nyctomys) ...... 215, 216 decolorus:| ~ (Sitoniys): ... cee 216 decumanuse, CVius)ie. .....--ieeeenen 164 deductor. (Delphinus)......:... 52 deductor. (Globicephalus)...... 52 Delphinaptesinec a... . - ae 48 Deiphinidzemet ae sie. 2+ = ce 47,48 Delphinus 328-42 eee: © =. ee 54 Delphinus'albrinantsi. ......a5 55 Delphinus algeriensis ............ 55 Delphinus! bagkda. .- 2am. -. 7: eae 55 Delphinus batteatus: ae. ...2.25 55 Delphinus cusmirostris 7... .. 4. 325 55 Delphinus deduector see 54 Delphinus forsten §< is sieges... ome 55 Delphinus fulvo-fasciatus ........ 54 Delphinus Tasegs’.. » . 5 Maer ee a 55 Delphinus gladiator .: sees. 51 Delphinus janinay-.. - snieaeees < ce 55 Delphinus longirostris ........... 58 Delphinus amajOz.. ...: dag. es s& Delphinus marginatus ........... 55 Delphinus melas /:.. ger geos ee 52 Delphinus' microps |... (agate. + ae 55 Delphinus MiOocits. 4 Didelpitys m: etensis-. .. 2... 42s 14,18 Didelphys m. insularis.......... DARL Didelphys mesamericana .14, I5, 16,17 Didelphys.m. tabascensis. . . am; 14,16 Didelplys m: fexensis ...... 5a. 14, 16 Didelobys mumimas.......228 meee: 4,5 Didelphys nudicaudata ......... Wik 16) Didelphys philamder ......a5..-- 9 Widelpinys! richmond... ..eeeee 14,16 Didelphys yucatanensis ........ iivtiy 46) Didelphys y. cozumelze ......... AS 5 difficilicae (Peromyscus)! “hemes Br eihuc., SEE oe 173, 203; 004, 205 difficilis. (Rhithrodontomys) .257, 263 diticilis.. «(Vesperimus) Weeen ..: 193 dilutior. “(Ory zomysc.)\. ae 234, 238 WDIOR VE IRD... . ince et eRe ae 2° IDiplesroma. . . 0. 5 eee = as 332 MOROGROMNUS &.. - oc. ce 1 Bis CME se 349 Mipodomyine ..... vi. B40 352 WDIPGMOMLYS fs. . .s\sqs 5 neues 341, 348 Dipodemys apilis 2... ees: 240,351 Dipedomys chapmani ....6...... 350 Dipodomys deserti ......: 343, 345) 347 Dipodomys hermanni ........... 351 Dipadagiys merriami .j)feew... 5 5 EE os ee 343, 345, 346, 347, 348 Dipodomys m. ambiguus ..... 343, 346 Dipodomys m. arenivagus ....343, 347 PAGE Dipodomys m. atronasus ..... 343, 348 Dipodomys m. melanurus .. . . . 343, 348 Dipodomys m. parvus........ 343, 346 Dipodomys m. simiolus .. .343, 344, 347 Dipodomys mitchell... ast 343, 344 Dipodomiys ordi. ¢ eererte .- 350 Dipodomys ornahus eee 343, 344 Dipodomys perotensis ........ 343, 344 Dipodomys phillipsi .. 341, 342, 343, 344 Dipodomys similis ene ens es 347 Dipodomys spectabilis........ 343, 345 Dipodomiys Waser leem ss... 351 Dipodops: .c\amee:: eee ae eee 349 Dipodops:ornmalmeniiees «<. 28k 350 distineta. (Neotoma))........ 277, 278 dolichocephalus. (Macrogeomys) . «a eied) SRIERRMENG, os ENTERS os) Soo 328, 320 Dorcelapier.:: .: Sirs +, clae'; steer 68 Dorcelaphus a. texensis). . 225-2 70 Dorcelaphus h. eremicus .......:. 77 doreides. (Prodelphinus) ....... 58 dorsalisna(CGyGlopes)) = ritiee ee. 25, 26 Glomsalkis, (CyClorlaivhatis)) seen cake aR dorsalis. (Rhithrodontomys) .258, 272 GKoneeike, | (Slemisigety iy) So uno a edison A 505 ee ee a 96,97, 98, 114, 127 dorsalice, ((lamatas)\es. cece eee 135 kohiszinekoak, ((Portilnnforal)) 9 855 og or oe 398 doxsamus. GalyStiin<)) eit veneer 397 dotiglasi (Be pus)itaa- meee eae Bre dow.) (Blasmogmathus). 9.25 .5-7 88 dowilteees (apirelila)) eis seen ar 87, 88 dubius. (Peromyscus) ....... 172, 181 duieonieam n (rlalicore) eey reir we 36 shbngenalers. ((DibipeyeahNS)) 5 5 ose pene me chungehamers, (OWesorsls)) 5 5. ce noone 417, 424 durange. (Neotomai.)...... 278, 285 Ghonvznarerce. (ANE kaaWelS)) C5 obo aes Weise 165 47/ felbesnmtealy (CSTGHBBREIS)) (6.25 a Sees OV alel2 BChimaySu(Gic)) 2. ceeaRMeees| 3 omen 385 Ectimays Warinitatis ian... 6. eae 385 Behimomiysmcentralisyeeer +... 2c 386 BchinonmiysrcristacuSmamews.)..-.- «ce 383 Echinomys semispinosus......... 386 Hichipoprotud, .. ...\Semese. see 397 Beiinosciuimis'. .. aan 91, 94, I13 Behimo thinner)... . eum 307, 308 fiber. (Castor) seeee.... eee *. I59 fishem. (Gitellus wai... ..5ee 141,150 fisheri. (Spermophilus v.)....... 150 flaccidus. (Peromyscus t.) ...173, 187 flavidus. (Megadontomys) ...212, 214 flavigulariswes (Uepus)mee 1. . .cee 431 flavus. (Perognathus) .. .353, 354, 355 floridana. ‘(Neotonmia)iin ...%2s 276 floridanus. (Lepus) ..... 418, 420, 421 floridanus. (Peromyscus) ....... 179 floweri. . (PInyseter)|. Jes... .-.. cee 46 fluviatilis. \@irichechus)) 22... 2723 37 forsteri. (Deiphinus)ecs.: --5e 55 fossor.- (Seimiggs):.. ame sa. cee 130 fournieri. (Capromys)i.:..... 389, 390 fraterculus. (Peromyscus) Sas) s+ Dee. ee 172, 184, 185 fraterculus. (Vesperimus) ....... 184 frondator. (Castor c.) ...159, 160, 161 frumentor. (Sciurus a.) ...95, 114, 117 fulgens. (Oryzomys) ........ 234, 240 fulvescens. (Cratogeomys) ...312, 316 fulvescens. (Hesperomys)....... 248 fulvescens. (Oryzomys) ..... 235, 248 fulvescens. (Rhithrodontomys m.) ccc + + ol ote ORO oo 257, 264, 265 fulviventer. (Marmosa)......... 5,8 fulviventer. (Microtus) ......... 301 fulviventer: fulviventer. (Neotoma) . .278, 286, 288 (Sigmodon) .....224, 232 fulvo-fasciatus. (Delphinus)..... 54 fulvus. (Geomiys) i.c7ujeme . . en 334 fulvus. (Peromyscus l.)...... 172), Tor fulvus. (Peromyscus s.) ........ 183 farvus. (Thomoniys) weer .- >. o.8 | SSSSoaon 333) 3345 335; 339, 337, 338 fumosus. (Platygeomys) ....... 318 mamosus. (Geoniys) qe. - -« acre 318 furvus. (Peromyscus) ...171, 174, 208 furvus. (Sigmodon h.).......223, 285 fuscipes. (Neotoma) . ...277, 278, 279 fuscogriseus. (Metachirus) ..11, 12,13 fuscovariegatus. (Sciurus) ...... 128 muscus., (Delphintis)i@mer«<«eees on 55 Bappi, -GLepus)’.. eee 426, 427, 428 gadovi. (Peromyscusl.) ..... 174, 201 Sarilarcdi. (Lepus)).. eee.) ee 431, 433 gambeli. (Peromyscus) ......... 187 gaumeri. (Heteromys) . .368, 369, 371 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. ix PAGE. gaurus. (Peromyscus) ...174, 199, 200 gentilis. (Peromyscus g.) ....174,/197 Genyscelus ........ en ce Gry 408 PeeSCADTOMIMEe ss lis eels Saeee 389, 393 Lice kwabtelck:< a, jai i—iarnerar 2 309, 312, 341 SEOIIVGUME +... 5% 309, 310, 320, 331 Geomys arenarius.........:.. 310, 311 CreomiyermWer .. ea. +. eee 320 Ceonivyerchert!! .....neee > cee 330 Geotnysmmbyas ... eee... creme 334 (GeomeceruMOSis . . eek... aes 318 SEOMIVeMetAMCIS .. 2 ink: . nv aeeneEe 322 Geomys gymnurus ........... 316, 318 Geomys heterodus ........... 326, 328 (eOnemispidus neki + Waanaiern 325 Geomysmmerriami. 5... sae Eas FES Geomys fOuetid |; .ger iss: seen 310 Geomusrscalops 2a... .. ee Bee, 324 gerominensis. (Peromyscus). .172, 181 gipbare (Balenoptera) .... ..emy. 42 DisAsmCyarodamealis) .\.), 4 sna. a5 Cilbectin (Peromyscus) |... see 195 milbecke, (SitOMyS).. «iss. . SRN 317, 318, 319 Halicoreaustralise\ enn > «cone 36 Halicore Gmigong. . i, mes... . Hee 36 Halicore tabernaculi ............ 36 Haplomiylomlys: 5. « qaieatres «>, calms 170 harrisi. (Citellus) ...140, 141, 142, 143 harrisi. (Spermophilus)......... 141 helleri. (Perognathus).......357, 360 helvolus. (Rhithrodontomys g.) . 4 5 SEARS D0, ORO (2. 0h een 258,270 hemionotis. (Peromyscus) ...174, 199 hemronmusey (Cervuslimer-.... ».0 a. 76 hemionus. (Odontoccelus) ...... PR SCE Score 69, 76, 77, 78 x INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE. Hemiotemys |. ;/.'.: .Gnutas': «0 299 Hemiotomys mexicanus ......... 301 hermanni. (Perodipus).......... 351 netmanni. (Scturus) 2a... ... cae 130 hernandezi. (Sciurus p.) ........ RPMS nt Ge. by,0, 0 EAS ot aE 95,96, 114, 118 hernandezi. (Sciurus a.) ........ 118 ierpetomys ....qa.. << ae 299, 300, 306 Hesperomys affinis’.......:....05 180 Hesperomys anthonyi........... 185 Hesperomys aztecus: «.. sivas. vet 184 Hesperomys boylii Jin: . <2. 0e. am 195 Hesperomys caliginosus ......... 253 Hesperomys cherrii ). 3.5... os sue 183 Hesperomiys, aouesics cialis... 5-454 236 Hesperomys eremicus ..........! 19l Hesperomys fulvescens .......... 248 Hesperomys 1. sonoriensis. ....... 181 Hesperomys melanophrys........ 201 Hesperomys mexicanus. ......... 207 Hesperomys nudicaudus ......... 217 Hesperomys nudipes............. 198 Hesperomys sumichrasti...... 214, 216 Hesperomys teguina ............ 273 Hesperomys texensis ............ 186 Hesperomys t. deserticola........ 188 Hesperontys toltecus ......5.45.- 226 PLESPeroSGlUTUS: Seates:...5 + sels QI, 94, 130 heterodus. (Geomys)........ 326, 328 heterodus. (Macrogeomys)...... 328 HICbEFOLEOMLYS - nus an << see B1O,;38e5 Heterogeomys hispidus .......... 326 Heterogeomys torridus.. ..325, 326, 372 FEGHETOMUy IG ey )4 «othe c aeemteey = § olde 341 FAST eTOMLVYVING .. ss . SOEs « Ae 352 PISCETOMYS 6 c/s si... = cae ss 368, 360 Heteromys adspersus......... 360, 373 Heteromys albolimbatus ...... 374, 375 Heteromys alleni ........ 370, 374, 376 Heteromys annectens ........ 360, 371 Heteromys bulleri ........... 369, 370 Heteromysreanus sce... a0 374, 375 Heteromiyercrispusi., .okas. . 374, 377 Heteromys verecrucis ...:.... 375, 379 heterothrix. (Heteromys) ....375, 380 hirsutus. (Rhithrodontomys).... s(t. Seach oraz ete omar 258, 269, 270 hirtus. (Sciurusn.) ...96, 98, 114, 121 hispidus. (Cabassous c.) ........ 32 hispidus. (Geomiys).... dae. - a0 325 hispidus. (Heterogeomys) ...... 326 hispidus. (Heteromys) ...... 360, 371 hispidus. (Perognathus) .357, 360, 361 hispidus. (Sigmodon) ...222, 228, 232 Hodomys .. . «sane < see 296 Efodomys allenivn. 2) a5 eee ~ - 296, 207 Hodomys vetulus . «aap. «+ 295, 207 hoffmanni. (Choleopus) ....... 20, 21 hoffmanni. (Sciurus #.) ........ ee 94, 103, 104, 105 Prolochilus ...kiuies sane» + 4 ee 221 folochilus pilopides: seme - <.iees 222 molzneri. (Lepite £)iccee. - ..5 417, 419 homochroia. (Peromyscus). ..174, 200 huahucha. (Sciurus a.) ...95, 107, 109 humerale. (Tagassu a)........ 62, 63 bumerale. (Tayassu a.))......... 63 myprida. (Tatu): . same. <9 eam os 33 Hydrodamalis gigas. ............ 35 HUG TOIASUS . . sc aes = sogneas 413 hylocetes. (Oryzomys) ...... 234, 237 hylocetes. (Peromyscus) .....174, 204 hyperythrus. (Microtusc.)...... / 5 ORR 300, 301, 302 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES, xi PAGE bypopyrrhus)) /Gociurus).... 3. .0e er: LOW Mun, D20, TAO. e7 ses ens 0 hypopyrrhus. (Sciurus a.) ...... SRR S.A RTC 96, 98, 114, 116 iyrpoxanthus, (Sciurus) ...cake% ngs ery DUC csitemie.. . . s,s ngs. See 165 Hypudzeus leucogaster .......... 165 ELV Str GOnSatus:. . sje. 5 Acer 307 TyStrixmmesICanus: . 3 je. . eee 402 livstrixgorebnensilis:. . ey... meen 399 HCtidGmnhysere a :.'. » gennte © Ocean 139 Mesa iets) eM eR ccc) See 21 incites LepUs) ins «Lean 426, 428 incrassatus. (Globicephalus) .... 53 inexoratus. (Sigmodon h.) ...224, 229 inexpectatus. (Rhithrodontomys) 05. 0) 5 RMR 5) Somme Ai st 258, 271 intuscatus. (Bradwpous) ... sear 22), 23 ingrahami. (Capromys)...... 390, 304 insignis. (Peromyscus) ...... 174, 203 imsolisus. (Lepus)....... 417, 421, 425 insularis. (Didelphys m.)....... GAN 0-7, insularis, .(Lepus),.........; 431, 438 tsilamse \(Viatmosa)!.. - :'-- ae 5 7 intermedia. (Neotoma)......... a. Eee, 2°78, 2oOmaOAn aos intermedius. (Globicephalus).... 52 intermedius. (Perognathus) ..... CS aia . BS igazie ye (Atcodon)...;) «+ aanmeene. 273, 274 irroratus. (Heteromys) ...... 369, 370 isoden pilorides .....2 ce: 389, 390 isthmica. (Dasyprocta) ..405, 406, 407 isthmica. (Neotoma) ....-. . 278, 287 isthmius. (Heteromys p.) ....375, 378 galapes. ‘(Musim.) stoi. 162, 163 jalape. (Oryzomys)..... 235, 246, 247 jalape. (Rhithrodontomys c.) 258, 267 janiga. (Delphigys), v.10. :).... 55 jubata. (Myrmecophaga)........ 20 PAGE Vat =a: WEP) iA ERROR occ Gyles a RED occ 40 Keyphobalgena . ..),cees co kent ene 40 labecula. (Peromyscus)...... 172, 178 lA DIA TUS qa aSaSsiln. saan 66 labilis. (Loncheres).......... 383, 384 Wabouralse: « .\7 leew eT. 400 laenatum. (Coendu) ........ 400, 402 LAgomonrphia..« times Wuammete ee aks. 4Il Lagomyidee’.\gqemt. 1 Semen ets tre a 4II Lagutis’. . .. Sets > cqetemtin’ at) aia s. 299 lateralis, (Gupeilus)ieeacc..-\. te 147 latifrons. (Neotoma)........ 277, 282 latifrons. (Orthogeomys) ....322, 324 latirostiiS: mm Uvlctaitis Meier nen 37 latirostis. mtONCimtelies «16. ame 51 Latra:tmminmal one itcs: cis» coe pean Be latfans. MMeyIOTIYVS)) ors 5 uss) metal aes 155 Leconte wus) iis: ldterct ee ae une 256 Leoparniiens sp tens tokshin4 ghee 410, 411 Weyoyeyetaheis)) NGSTeubhimblp ho aia: cu We a 7 130 lepionhiyare iia Chat) ese 34 lepturus, (Eleteromys s.).... ; 369, 373 lepturus. (Peromyscus): 2... . 174, 204 SSM otecavareuisavarsarernived Alte aes 413, 426 Vepuswallent st 5o6. 5a. aneec 431, 433) 434 lepiised. palitats... 5 0 nse oe 431,434 Lepu@reaQuatictigvs.. . a0. ameh ane 414 Leptisra:: attwatert. oi. .b 60 eae. ue 414 Lepus arizone....... 417, 423, 424, 425 Leptishar COLM|IS een wenteaeee AL7, 424 Lepus a. major .....: 417,423,424, 425 Lepusie minor iy seve 4 amielee 417,423 Lepusartemesia: ©... nn). teneeee.: « 425 IE PUuStaSeltis . - inte) ale. arena 431, 435 Lepus auduboni.......... 417, 422, 429 Lepus baelamani - an 0s... .. 428, 429 Peps benmmettl . eye... <5 437 Lepese. Atl... cee - +4 431, 438 Lepusicallotis.....:ees. 431, 432, 433 Lepusicetresensis .. ima... .. en 428 Lepus cinerascens........ 428, 429, 430 Vepusidiagii. ..\. i eRaeai a) . cates 412 LEpusdOuglasi.;. canes... sale 415 *MVEDUS Cian eee. iekeakas + +s 417,424 Lets edwards! ....,. fen. 6s sale 438 *Lepus durangé proves to be the same as L. holzneri, and therefore becomes a synonym of that species. See Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 210. xii INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE Lepus flavigularis .. ise... - 930m 431 Lepus floridanus......... 418, 420, 421 Lepus f. iaztects),. . . acme. 417, 418, 419 Lepus f..chapmami...- 3)... aa 417 epics i, holier... - je + =a 417, 419 Repus ft. mallurus:...... 295)... 2m 422 Lepus f. persultator.......... 417, 418 Lepus f. subcinctus ...... 416, 417, 418 Lepus ft. yucatanicys ..-. 7c 417, 419 eps PADI... sees oe 426, 427, 428 Lepus eatlardi.. .. Mee. Ssh 431, 433 Lepue ey patty! .... «Gir, <5 ems 431, 433 Lepus Sraysoni .. . chines lone 417, 426 Lepus ienarus ... .. es. as 426, 428 Lepus insolitus:.... sma. 417, 421, 425 epus MSUIATIS: |... . 4 ¢aeyee « 22% 431, 438 uepus martirensis... . aie +> 431, 439 Lepus merriami ......... 431, 432, 435 Lepus mexicans. 32). fap. «+ sa 431 Repus nigricavdatus, ... -oy.. =. 431 Lepus nuttalli .arel: <)> 2 417, 423, 425 epus O©iZabee sisi n «| ares: 417, 425 Depus palustris: (csr. is bi aia 414, 415 Lepus parvulus.c. hse. sales 417, 421 Lepus peninsularis .. 3. 5.4... +5 428, 430 Lepus MIChaAraSOmt. on. Sewn 437 Lepus wipedusi ys Geico. se sus'y s eberst aes 419 Ihepus' ruSsatus: cite «> <~ = eer 417, 420 Lepus sanctidiegi .4...... 22% 417,422 Lepus SylvaticuScn <> «+ sae - 415 Lepus texensis)).c0c ii% +. see 432, 435 Lepus t. deserticola ......25.. 431, 437 Lepus t. eremicus........ 431,435,436 uepus t. griseus). > 5). sake» 431, 436 Lepus't. mictopus. ....o.2 mae. . - 431, 436 Lepus timidus.. .....) sae. se 413 Vepus trowbridei. . satan. ae 420 Depus trGlie. «.... a. eee « 414, 415 Lepus ‘Vereeerucis.|.... ama». . 417, 420 Lepus wasmmetoni.. .iqaes: +s eee 410 leucodon. (Neotoma) T277 ~2ol, 252 leucogaster. (Hypudeus)....... 165 (Onychomys)....166, 168 leucogaster. (Sciurus) ip (Scturus)s..205, 107, 019, 12e leucogaster. leucops. leucops:, | GeelUurusia:) sce »~\o whe. s 119 leucotis. (Sigmodon) ....224, 230, 231 leucurus. (Citellus) ..... 140, 142, 143 leucurus. (Peromyscus). .174, 200, 201 leucurus. (Spermophilus) ....... 142 leucurus m@bemOIaS): Witeler..s: . a noi 142 PAGE levipes. (Peromyscus) ....... 173, 195 levipes. (Rhithrodontomys) ..... Pe Gp uied soc eee 258, 270, 271 lichtensteini. (Cervus).......... 72 lichtensteini. (Odontoccelus)....69, '72 limitis. (Seturus Je) ieeees:.> ieee re te) Lamnola guste. . sce cee 413, 414 lineata. -@Phoccena)igees. .: .. tee 48 Liomys .....(ie. . 2s eee 368, 369, 374 Liomys caitien.: see: = > tee 375 Liomys crispms: os: Woe e ei... o+ ee 380 Liomys C. S@hisus: ceo =e: one 380 Liomys hetero@larix’ Gia coo. et 380 Liomys obseuaas.: .. gene.) ee 379 Laomys orbiteieey.: : sie «soe 380 Liomys parvieeps «<3. .0eb 2s. .-. 3077 Liomiys p. isthimaius: . : oie, - « 378 Liomys*p. TOStEaGUS .. . came. >< : 378 Tiomys sonorama. ... i 7: - << 379 Piomiys: tomniditiseac): sve -eweeese). 2 376 Eiomys t. Mimores:’. scm... 2 os 207 Liomys Versecrucis. . i Sean, see 379 PS UTA . s\: geisha ss | eee ae rs3 moncheres \ivetewe .ieis cre eee ee 383 Eoncheres labiliss . 24.) .. ..gmeme 383, 384 (oncherine’~/aeeeee..- > eee =. 3 382 onchetes . aera : - Cae? 383 longicaudatus. (Heteromys) i Ian ooo bons 360, 370, 372 longicaudum. (Tatu) same. ..:) 33 longicaudus. (Onychomys)...... 167 longicaudus. (Rheithrodon!).... 261 longicaudus. (Rhithrodontomys) bisa... .s Vee. Spe eemOl, 202 mm longimana. (Megaptera) ........ 41 longipes. (Onychomys)......... 167 longirostris. (Delphinus)........ 58 longirostris. (Prodelphinus) ..... 58 lophurus. (Peromyscus)..174, 204, 205 lucia. (Moschophoromys)....250, 251 Iers. (Oryzomiys)i. see aes 251 ludovicianus. (Arctomys) ....... 153 ludovicianus. (Cynomys)........ Pie sRehs. << 5 «+ ohana 153,154, 155, 150 fidovicianus. (Scirus)... .2e.. 124 ludovicianus. (Sciurusn.) ...... IIo macrocephalus. (Physeter)..... 44, 45 WeCrOCOIUS |... ..< (1. c.umnen. soeeanee 341 a ae INDEX OF LATIN NAMES, xiii PAGE MaCrOgeOmiyse.... 6 ba ee a 310, 326 Macrogeomys cavator......... 328, 329 Macrogeomys cherrii...... 327,328) 330 Macrogeomys costaricensis .. . . 328, 330 Macrogeomys dolichocephalus .328, 329 Macrogeomys heterodus.......... 328 Macrogeomys pansa.......... 328, 329 macrorhynchus. (Globicephalus). 53 MIACLOPIEES. ss... 25nee . ee 68 macrotis. (Neotoma f.) . .277, 279, 283 macrotis. (Odontoccelus) ....... 76 macrotis. (Onychomys) ..... 165, 169 Macrotolactis:. .... see. so. 413, 414, 431 macrounus, (Citellws) . iene 149 macrourus. (Spermophilus)...... 149 MACTOSIS)..:... cane. ae a ihe 93 Macroxus griseiflavus ........... 124 madrensis. (Callospermophilus).. 147 madnrensis. (Citellas)) ...\ nee 140, 147 madrensis. (Peromyscus) ....174, 197 faajome (Delplmis)..:... . cee - BS major. (Lepus 4a.) ..417, 423) 424,425 major. (Sigmodon h.) ...224, 226, 228 qailecis: (lepusit.) 10.0. eeass 422 managuensis. (Sciurus) ...97, 114, 129 Mmanaguensis. (Sciurus b.) ...... 120 EATIORAIS,...- UNE er... : dig eens 36 Manatis latizesths........ seme. . 37 Maniaeus managus........-.05.-+. 37 manatis. (WManatus)...sanses... 27 manatus. (Trichechus)...... eines 02.317 margarite. (Perognathus). ...357, 363 marginatus. (Delphinus) ....... 55 marginatus. (Prodelphinus)..... 58 Wikemanve(S:), SIMMEotN Sy OS Bota eit Oe 4 Marmosa canescens .....25:-... cigkeyyre! Marmosarcha pinata. tania. |. 4 MamimOSayCcinenea +, .selsaepen ae 557. Marmosa fulviventer....:....... Gare: Marmosauinsulanis) 0 seem as. - Say Marmosa mexicana .. lem. ....- oO Mamimosa gnitis' ava seem 4. 8 MAGMOSA MAUTING) 2. sevens. 5,6 DiataHOSAa /OAKACR:):\. dete ei 5,8 Marmiosa sinaloz \.< a Siac se: « 5,6 IAS UD IANA... acts asene aes <- I marsupialis. (Didelphys) ....... 14 martirensis. (Lepus)......... 431, 439 martirensis. (Peromyscus) ...173, 189 meartirensis, (SilOmiysyie. ...:- « 189 martirensis. (Thomomys) ... .333, 336 PAGE mascotensis. (Sigmodon) ....... 21277 mascotensis. (Sigmodonh.) ..... ER < Gee. 5 SYPAR i 223, 227, 220 MAAUTUS; FMSCIUMUGIE, . | cen, 116 Mazamaiin... «sap 1 ae 68,79 Mazama:h. peninsula ........... 78 Mazama, pandotaen:.....\aeeeiy >. 80 Mazamaisartoriiee « vaseeee os 79, 80 Mazamaytema ee... (aetna se 80 mearnsi. (Perognathus) ..... 353) 354 mearnsi, « (Stimatis) sree as. owen 132 meas. (Scimmisida ean... - 94,133 mecisturus. (Peromyscus) ...175, 212 medius. (Peromyscus t.)........ Lay megadon. (Oryzomys r.) .235, 243 Megadoritiogays. (eames... 5..ceanee 212 Megadontomys flavidus....... 212204 Megadontomys nelsoni ....... 202, 214) Megadontomys thomasi ..212, 213, 214 Megalemsgs .b em haat Vr anateaat 250 megalops. (Peromyscus) .....175, 210 megalotis. (Peromyscus) ....... 193 megalotis. (Reithrodon!) ....... 259 megalotis. (Rhithrodontomys) .. Reel rive Ry 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262 RSE vot tiite\aioliege-d\s pele aa,8) tiekeee 40 Megaptera longimana ........... 41 Megaptera n. bellicosa........... 41 Megaptera versabilis ............ 41 Mesamterota ees. -..<\0 tae sud ate ceeueey: 40 Mesapteropaige .a..7 naire em as eee 41 Melamia. ‘(SociiniS)) a. eee 97, 114, 128 melanocarpus. (Peromyscus) .... melanonotus. (Sciurusn.) ...... 107 melanophrys. (Hesperomys) .... 201 melanophrys. (Onychomys)..... ee. Coe yee 165, 166, 167 melanophrys. (Peromyscus)..... eyes). ee 174, 180, 201, 202, 203 melanotis. (Oryzomys) ......... A Seen 25S 235, 236, 243, 244 melanotis. (Perognathus a.)..353, 356 melanotis. (Peromyscus) 172, 178,179 melanotis. (Sigmodon)....... 224, 232 melanura. (Neotomai.) ..... 278, 284 melanurus. (Capromys)......390, 391 melanurus. (Dipodomys m.) .343, 348 melas. (Delphintisyee...-.sasee 52 melas. (Globicephalus) ..... 47, 52, 53 melas. (Globiocephalus!) ....... ig xiv INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE PAGE. memina. (Chironectes).......... 3 | microdon. (Sigmodon h.) ....223, 226 meridionalis. (Pseudorca)....... Bad Microlagusies, saints « « 413, 414, 428 mefriami. (Cratogeomys) ....312,313 | microps. (Delphinus) .......... 55 merriami. (Dipodomys) ........ microps. (Prodelphinus) ...o2ge: 58 LO Coen, ROMS 343, 345) 340, aagmeeas | micropus. “(Lepus t.) 7... ...-4gF436 metriami. (Geomys) ........ 3aamigi3 | micropus. (Neotoma) .........% merriami. (Lepus) ...... ABT, A |G ge. ee 276, 277, 281, 282 mertiami. (Peropnathus) ~...353ga64 | Microsciturus)... 2m. -': « 91, 94, 98 metrriami .(Peromyscus) .....174,198 | microspilotus. (Citelluss.) ...... menmami, 9 (Tamias)i.,.....2S, 1 SOmmte gall). << <> = otenersl eee 140,144,145 mernami., )\(Tamiasia:)....22...% 137 | microspilotus. (Spermophilus s.).. 145 mesamericana. (Didelphys) ..... Microtinze J 9a... svete ees 250, 298 Pl SAR RRBs) <<) + 3 Ges 14,15, [Ogee Nicrotus - . 7.Gie.\. eke: «2 5 ee mesomelas. (Peromyscus t.) .172,177 | Microtus californicus............ 302 mesopolius. (Perognathus f.).... Microtus c. hyperythrus.. .300, 301, 302 ta ee sn tise! 9 ae 356, 358, 367 | Microtus fulviventer ............ 301 Meta chins teen. c.> : onic. seen tz | Microtus guatemalensis......: 305, 306 Metachirus fuscogriseus...... Il, Y2pean) Microtus mexteamus.. .Angee se =,..* 301 Metachirus f. pallidus .......... CT neen) Microtus m..phizeus. ... .eeea. 301, 302 Metachirus nudicaudatus ....... Ir, 12 | Microtus mogollonensis .......... 302 Metachirus opossum... di... E2QpMictotus pinetorum .. -/ ices. 303 Wetachirus quicayemen« <<. seme. .st 12.) *Mlicrotus quasiater ....... Jame. =< « 303 metallicola. (Peromyscus) ...173,192 | Microtus umbrosus........... 304, 305 TAS. CRULSIODS)> satanic nw esis cee 5, 6 MicourenSiaeee\ «>. . ose ee GS ROUNETIGR eck). ss 5. Skee Oe 161, 162 Micoureus canescens ............ 69) EIRENE cs ais. ss cs Shee ee 162, 306 microdon. (Rhithrodontomys) 258, 269 | Mus alexandrinus............ 162, 164 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE, Miisranonlaltise).....0. dene. < ieee 368 itsrar Valiseees...... 3 ets ae 298 Bers califormeus ... 6... 05e( sige 203 MRIS Citelittswere... .-. cise esl eee 139 Mis decumamus ...... 88. . same 164 IMitisidesmanesti ......2 ame. eee 250 Mus lecomette.!... i 60g: . eee 256 Nits mses: ........2 Selene. 162, 181 Mus mivadalape ..... 29g... ies 162, 163 Mus norvegicus ...... 162, 164, 165, 250 IMIS pacaiee..... sia. bene 408 MEST pakustms: . . . . sera. <1 ceeeeer B20 MUS oilorties.... . al... cee: 250 MiSeraG@ Soe. a «awe soe 162, 163, 164 Muss. noveboracensis ..g).22 4. - 170 Mussteetonui : ..cymec - . heeeeemee 164 Mais tGuizales ./ < .. ae: «cee eee 310 MusmamctiS: ... . Cares... = eeemmes 158 musculoides. (Peromyscus a.).172, 180 musculus. ~(Mas\ie... 2 seer 162, 181 musculus. (Peromyscus) .171, 175,176 musemius. (Sitomys) ....... eke 175 mustelmus. “(Sciumas)) <5: .. wee: nas MINA GRaM ECT a eee et phecciaia sid RB So ciate Aloe os 298 MiyoOcacter COV ptt) sei .a. 4s Anata 382 WIS U2 2 ee ee ae 403 myosuna. Camandua) ...cceee: 27 Miy Goeeinnly Sarees. sss. cc ae 214 Miyoxasrchrystnus........ .- ame 383 Myrimecolichmts;.. .... «. 0g ete s 25 Mytinecephagiay...:..: . 29 Myrmecophaga didactyla......... 24 Myrmecophaga jubata........... 29 Myrmecophaga sellata........... 28 Myrmecophaga tetradactyla .... 26, 27 Myrmecophaga tridactyla ....24, 29, 30 Myrmecophacida «7. a poe < 24 Myriiydom. .. 2. cha deena + o' 2 miysticetus. (Balena) .:22..... 39 AMS ee Alec U1) epee ae) eee sie 62 mamiuce (Dayasstl).\.2sageeee 3.2). 62 nawuss (Neotoma)).-. vam > 277, 282 nayaripensis. (Sciurus) je. ....<. SSR ra 95, 106, 107, 108 nebrascensis. (Peromyscus 1.) ... 188 neglectus. (Platygeomys) ....318, 319 negligens. (Sciurus)...... 94, IOI, 102 mnelson1. “(ileteromiys) eae... - 381 nelsoni. (Megadontomys) ....212, 214 nelsoni, (Odontoccelts\maaa. ... 69,75 ' XV PAGE. nelsoni. (Orthogeomys) ..... 322, 324 nelsoni. Ory zone). ase). 234, 235 nelsoni. 4@Owis: C.)Mei.e aes eee 84, 85 nelsoni. (Pappogeomys) ©. .3-n-. 320 nelsoni. (Perognathus)...357, 364, 365 nelsoni. (Peromyscus) ..7...-... 214 nelsoni. (Romerolagus)...... AII, 412 nelsoni. (Sciurus) .96, 98, 114, 120, 121 nelsoni. (Thomomys) ....... 334, 339 nelsoni, (CSenlomiys) ree one 201, 292 nelsont... (Xayhomnys) bere as. en 381 Nelsonia: ..) cee «nen. ol, eae 289 Nelsonia \coldinani fase. 45-146 eee 290 Nelsonia neotomodon ........ 289, 290 Nemoralicaum(Cenviis) eee esc 74 nemoralis. (Odontoccelus) ..69, 73,74 Nemoxraliswe(Sciumusas)... + chee 118 nemoralis. (Sciurus p.) ...96,114, 118 NETIOTAISH (OCLUMGUS twa). sia eine 118 Neod oneren ctecaie canteens tite eens 299 Ne@filbeie, seis 8 nets ce ee cee ees 299 Neomiys_panatniensisi . 12 emer 219 INGOSCIUISUS) ape veret, «oc + sete beers are 93 Nentema ts 5. d0- 275, 270, 277, 202 NeGtomiaalilenigy ar sty. s tee 296, 207 Neotoma anthonyi........... 278, 283 Neotoma arenacea.......02..: 277, 283 Neotoma bella felipensis ......278, 286 Neotoma bryaati.. 2... 0.2... > s2 97 2e0 Neotomea calittioenied.\2. 2 ese. ose e 284 Neotoma canescens .....:..-.-.- 281 Neotoma cumulator..........277, 280 Neotoma distincta i. .. gaa. = 277, 278 Neotomaferrigimedse sees 277. 280 INeotomaforidanar sane meine 276 Neotoma fulviventer .....278, 286, 288 Neotoma fuscipes........ 277, 2478, 279 Neotoma f. macrotis ..... 277) 2 OM 2O8 Nestomancoldimainyzmaeme): . 02): 278, 288 Neotoma intermedia .278, 280, 284, 285 Neotoma i. albigula ......278, 285, 286 Neotoma i. angusticeps....... 278, 285 Neotomad. durangeeseen-....- - 278, 285 Neotomaninmmelanunameme ....- 278, 284 Neotomadsthmica jaemer.....- 278, 287 Neotomadatiirons: fear... . 2747, 282 Neotoma leucodon ....... 277, 281, 282 Neotomarnmexicanayaae... ..-.5-5 5 Ne ccc 3 eae 277, 282, 283, 285, 288 Neotoma micropus ...276, 277, 281, 282 Neotoma TMONOCIstaa me --- - ue 278 xvi Neotoma navus Neotoma orizabe Neotoma parvidens....... Neotoma picta Neotoma simplex Neotoma sinaloz Neotoma splendens INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. 5+. a ... ge Neotoma tenuicauda ..... 278, 286, 289 Neotoma torquata............ 277, 279 Neotoma tropicalis........... 278, 288 INGOUOMMASWENUISta.. fam . < afew) nee 284 Weotoming (.....5 she. calmaea ys 276 Neotomeodon:. |. ss cums. shone am 292 Neotomodon alstoni...... 292, 203, 204 Neotomodon orizabe .........293, 204 Neotomodon perotensis .......... 293 neotomodon. (Nelsonia) .....289, 290 nerterus. (Rhithrodontomys c.)258, 267 nicoyana,’) CSeiFUs) 524... ies 127 HIST... “CSCHMTUS Mon. 2.6 ke oles «iso IIS nigrescens. (Heteromys s.) .. . 369, 370 nigrescens. (Peromyscus m.) .172, 176 nigricans. (Thomomys f.) ....333, 335 nigricaudatus, (Leptis), ..<.....5. 431 nitellinus. (Nyctomys).......215, 216 norvegicus. (Mus) ..162, 164, 165, 250 INGLASOSUEI omer «19 Sa eel 5 INOTOPIOFUS .\4 5 emia \ 8s Tietseegls es 62 nove-hispanie. (Coendu)....... 402 nove-zelandiz. (Delphinus)..... 59 nove-zelandie. (Prodelphinus) .. 59 noveboracensis. (Muss.) ....... 170 movemcinctum.. (lati)! aan. -- 3334 novemcinctus. (Cabassous) ..... 34 novemcinctus. (Dasypus)..... 3283 nuchalis. (Sciurus c.) 507, [idan 22 nudicaudata. (Didelphys) ..... rr, 12 nudicaudatus. (Metachirus) ....11, 12 nudicaudus. (Hesperomys). ..... 217 nudicaudus. (Tylomys)..217, 218, 219 nudipes. (Hesperomys)......... 198 nudipes. (Peromyscus) ...... 174, 198 muttallic Pa(epus) cee 417, 423, 425 nuttalli. (Peromyscus) ...... 169, 183 Nyctomivuins «: -. oo. animes «alee ¢ 214 Nyctomys decolorus .........215, 216 Nyctomys nitellinus.......... 215, 216 Nyctomys sumichrasti........ 215, 216 Oaxaca, s(Niarmosa)) seeiiy. «cee Be oaxacensis. (Peromyscus)... .174, 206 PAGE. obscurus. (Heteromys) ...... 375,379 obscurus: i(liomiys)eer..... . nee 379 obscurus. (Perodipus)....... 349, 350 obscurus. (Perognathus)........ 358 obscurus. (Rhithrodontomys m.). es SS, See 257, 261 obscurus. (Tamias)...... 134, 135, 136 Ochetodon 3a). .. ees. = on 256 QOchetomiys) ae... -eweeeeee << =. eee 299 ochrognathus. (Sigmodon) . ..224, 230 OCLOCIN CEM amy Gl aii) eee 6s. ee aia Octodontidia en... . -iimeaie ess ee 382 oculatus. (Sciurus) ..95, 106, 107, 108 Odobsenus...iea... cases ya 36 Odocoileus! agai, :. s. .ncnee 408 Ofelaphusi....: oc aes. . / cee 68 Ofccclobusy. . fecmeceiae: «. .< oun 130 PtOswOSinG - . vc Mae ss... gee 352 ORGSCTUGTON:. ...10 eee ss. = O1, 94, III Otospermophilus ........ 139, 140, 148 Giasylomivs:: =... 2s Mena... «5 oud 220 Ototylomtys phyllotis:........220, 22% Ototylomiys p. Plasise. s.-..- <5 nee 221 otus. (Rhithrodontomys 1.) ..258, 271 xviii INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE SO ae: So Se S3 | parviceps. (Liomys)<.......25%, 378 ' Phvis arieS..2:.. 25. ~ . Sees = 83 | p rvidens. (Citellusm.) ..... T40, 146 Cyvis Cervima . oss... 306 365 360 301 361 361 365 G3 G) G2 & GW UO Oo Annawan An &Fwoomwo Oo © ws > o> A Oo + + Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus Peromyscus xix PAGE, POUL ES a) ante os 173, 193 CACADAUIS . scan a: <5 Dyn, aLo californicus ..174, 201, 203 CCCI ii... us Semarerene 172,178 cedrosensis....... 173, 185 chetii. ..\- ek eee 382, 3905 Plagiodontia zedium .......... 395, 396 planiceps. (Platygeomys) ....... io: 3 ee: oon 318, 319, 320 plantinarensis. (Heteromys) .374, 377 plantinarensis. (Liomys) ....... 377 Rlistyseomys: -. ae. . --< 309, 316, 320 Platygeomys fumosus ........... 318 Platygeomys gymnurus. . .317, 318, 319 Platygeomys neglectus ....... 318, 319 Platygeomys planiceps . . .318, 319, 320 Platygeomys tylorhinus ...... 318, 319 Platygeomys t. angustirostris .318, 31 yg S 3 319 poliopus. (Sciurus) ..96, 114, I1'7, 120 polius;. (Peromyscus)... ..2.: 174, 196 pomeegra. (Delphinus) ......... 55 Preiticots.... :' yates 8. eee 200 prehensilis. (Capromys) .390, 391, 392 prehensmis: (Coendu), « 2eee.. . 402 prehensilis. (Hystiix) ..<..3..:. 309 pricii. (Perognathus p.) ..... Se7, 358 PRrocapromiyS ..... sc. cic eenee eee 3890 Prodelphimus ... 2 ck sealer oc 57 Prodelphinus alope .. 7am. - - 58 Prodelphinus doreides ........... 58 Prodelphinus euphrosinoides..... 59 Prodelphinus euphrosyne ........ 58 Prodelphinus longirostris ........ 58 Prodelphinus marginatus ........ 58 Prodelphinus microps ........... 58 Prodelphinus nove-zelandiz ..... 59 Prodelphinus plagiodon......... 57,58 Prodelphinus stenorhynchus ..... 58 Prodetphinus styx i.e » - 58 Procelphinus: tethyos. game ..:..~.. 58 Proechinomys . F..cceeeen.... 38 5 Proechinomys burrus......... 385, 388 - xxi PAGE. Proechinomys centralis. . .385, 386, 387 Proechinomys c. chiriquinus...... MMe Geo. Suhel: A eae 385, 386, 387 Proechinomys c. panamansis ..... = ee Sis » + sD OSES 7 SOO Proechinomys semispinosus ...... re SEAS <- Aeeee oaee 385, 386, 387 propinquus. (Peromyscus) ...172, 185 propinquus. (Peromyscus e.) .... 185 Psamnioniys gee... emi task. = 208 Pseud Grea’ aes. eS ee oe 51 Pseudorca crassidens ............ 51 PseudOrea destructotmer... 6. Sane gu Pseudorcar gray. reels oe eee 51 Pseudorca meridionalis .......... 51 Pseudostomar:. Smee ss ih. eee 310 Pseudostoma castanops.......... 315 Pteromoyameeietcnto den. Sts eae 157 punctatas, (Dasyprocta)i 7-52... 405 Pylacdekwe(SCLanudS) es «ss taten 12 quadrivittatus. (Sciurus)....... 138 quadrivittatus. (Tamias) ....135, 138 quasiater.-\ (Arvicola) os. ate. 303 quasiater; (Microtus) i). 6¢0f. <3 303 quence (Capromiys)..’. ..<.2. eae 390 quercinus. (Sciurus w.)) ..... 428. 118 quercinus. ((Setunus as)ite.. hee r18 quica. (Metaehirus) '...... 3. aee 12 ramona. “(Onychomys) ...... 165, 167 TAvHISe UVES) eseiser rae 162, 163, 164 Ratios. < 2): ee ee eee 03 Redumionme! .. . (7h cee en eee ees tc 68 Reithradon: |. .: sys ewes he 256 repens. (Heteromys) ........ 369, 372 rhabdops. (Oryzomys) . .234, 237, 246 Ribachianectes:.'s sistaeess. see 40 Rhachinectes glaucus ........... 40 Reithrodon! longicaudus ......... 261 Reithrodon! megalotis .........% 250 Reithrodon! mexicanus .......... 264 Rherhroseiurus! oc clemage: «+ ss ee 03 FRibimocelpars':. “Seeger. sos see 54 Ribiroscinias, ... terete... 0+, ere 93 Rhithrodontomys). sen... 161, 255, 256 Rhithrodontomys australis ....257, 259 Rhithrodontomys a. vulcanius .257, 259 Rhithrodontomys aztecus ........ 259 Rhithrodontomys chrysopsis ..... ci. ee. Come. .. 259; 20guR0G xxii PAGE. Rhithrodontomys c. toluce ...258, 266 Rhithrodontomys colime . 258, 266, 267 Rhithrodontomys c. nerterus ..258, 267 Rhithrodontomys costaricensis . Beilin sa Stand e 6 ae ae le 258, 267, 268 Rhithrodontomys c. jalape ...258, 267 Rhithrodontomys creper...... 258, 272 Rhithrodontomys deserti ........ 259 Rhithrodontomys difficilis ....257, 263 Rhithrodontomys dorsalis ...:258, 272 Rhithrodontomys goldmani ...258, 268 Rhithrodontomys griseiflavus .258, 270 Rhithrodontomys g. helvolus ..258, 270 Rhithrodontomys hirsutus 258, 269, 270 Rhithrodontomys inexpectatus 258, 271 Rhithrodontomys levipes .258, 270, 271 Rhithrodontomys 1. otus...... 258, 271 Rhithrodontomys 1. toltecus ..258, 271 Rhithrodontomys longicaudus .... ery Serre ey 257, 259, 261, 262, 263 Rhithrodontomys 1. pallidus ..257, 262 Rhithrodontomys megalotis ...... a epnirn borer aiehe 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262 Rhithrodontomys m. obscurus.257, 261 Rhithrodontomys m. sestinensis . . / Rhithrodontomys m. zacatece 257, Rhithrodontomys mexicanus . Eee ss ticks 257, 264, 265, 268 Rhithrodontomys m. fulvescens Rhithrodontomys m. gracilis . . Rhithrodontomys m. intermediu n Seshs 61a ynYeu 9 tN a Rn), eather TC 2 5 Mean Rhithrodontomys microdon ...258, 269 Rhithrodontomys m. albilabris 258, 269 Rhithrodontomys orizabe ....258, 266 Rhithrodontomys peninsule . .257, 263 Rhithrodontomys perotensis ..258, 266 Rhithrodontomys rufescens ...258, 268 Rhithrodontomys saturatus ...... Re it = Ae a « 257, 262, 263, 264 Rhithrodontomys s. alticola ...257, 263 Rhithrodontomys s. cinereus ..257, 262 Rhithrodontomys tenuirostris ...... URS MRIOE ss ss. os 1 258, 208, 260 Rhithrodontomys t. aureus ...258, 269 Rhithrodontomys tenuis ......258, 265 rhydinorhis. INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE. richardsonix © (Seirus) . -. Sees. 128 richmondi. (Didelphys) ....... 14, 16 richmondi. (Oryzomys) ..... 235, 248 richmondi. (Sciurus) .....94, 103, 105 Tigidus. (Gepus) sue... .. >see 419 Tigidus. -(Spiurds)) ieee... .. sae 127 ringens. (Eag@assa poy... ... fae 66 Tingens. (Tawasst ie: . ose 66 Rodentia. iS esti.. Onl 368 maecophorus . .. ae 310 sagax. (Peromyscus) ........ 173, 194 salvini. (Heteromys) ........ 369, 370 sanctidiegi. (Lepus)......... 417, 422 sarcovienna. (Chironectes) ...... 3 Sartor: (Cervits)i.c ene - Sees 8o Sactori. (Mazaia) ite... san: 79, 80 saturatior. (Oryzomys Cc.)....234, 239 saturatus. (Rhithrodontomys)... Presi <5) +) ee 257, 262, 263, 264 saturatus. (Sigmodon h.) ....222, 225 saxatilis. (Peromyscus m.)...174, 207 saxicola. (Citellus h.) ...139, 140, 142 saxicola. (Spermophilus h.) ..... 142 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES. PAGE. seatops. (Geers) . 2... 0: 222), 324 scalops. (Orthogeomys) .322, 323, 324 scammoni. (Globicephalus) ....52,54 Senlegelii, . (Orcinus)... 2... 020+ 51 “(cubha tsk ey), | aaa 90, 91, 93 Clinic meena. . «so ieeeels 4 ee 90, 92 PCIIrOptemmen. «..... icbss scueeeee 157 mciuropterus volans...\..... 157, 158 Sciuropterus volucella ........... 158 SOUITIISAME Ga, sos dees « 90, 92,93, 94 PCgriseamerti..... 0s.» eee 112 Sciurus adolphei...... 98, 114, 126, 127 Sciurus a. dorsalis ..96, 97, 98, 114, 127 SCHInUSEBStUANS |. Get. oye. 104 Sciurus #. chiriquensis ....94, 103, 104 Sciurus «. hoffmanni. .94, 103, 104, 105 DOLMGUSESETIIIS). » 4 ees: «ene 124 SCUMueEIDIPeS » mar ~ -. +n Bee 1 ty cigar, COlimemsig ......,2008e 120 Scirus 2. effugius 2........-.945 120 Sciurus a. hernandezi ........... 118 selurdsra, nemoralis: ......)..-Aue 118 Senmse. QUCTCINYS, oi des 2 ee 118 (S/CiTo Lets! 2) LE high aa ean 2 eee Rimi css 94,99 BEMIS VALET. ida gs eee 3 95, 106, 108 Retina aistoninnss,./- +... . ame 108 Sermon tionyaie....:.... seen 130 DClUfueapach@mi.....-... 95,107, 110 SOuimuenerizOmemeis:....... sage Brees bi Re ae 95, 102, 107, 108, 109 Sciurus a. huachuca ...... 95,107, 109 Sciartis-amreigagter:. ... 2:2 eeeae, - - 205,100, LIS yiiA, LL 5 scones, 124 Sciurus a. frumentor ...... Qegerar4, 117 Sciurus a. hypopyrrhus 96, 98, 114, 116 Sciurus aureigaster....... DipetTo, 124 Sets a. leucops. ... aes ene 119 Sciurus atiwogaster!’ = -.!, jideee. « crs Sciurus boothiz ..97, 114, 126, 127, 128 Sorin oeltl . 2. eee 98, 114, 128 Sciurus b. managuensis.......... 129 Sciurus boquetensis ........ 94,99, 100 ScuumtiswOTO Will .. ./4\+ sisi sues 94,99, 100 BCiucMs CAaniceps .. ... cine male F 93 Sciumercapistratus. .... eee - 107 Sciurus carolinensis .......... - . aa 107, 108, 109, 110, 125 Sciurus.c. yucatanensis .......... 125 mctinwis coligat, . . .!. shame eS ya mes. 97, LOOMPI4, 121, 122, 123, 129 Sciumus c. nuchalis:.... cave, 214, 122 Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Scitirus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus Sciurus xxiii PAGE. Cees: 5. ss Suen Cae 94, 101, 102 Cifavaivax. .yemiel. gate 94, IOI, 102 douglasi albolimbatus . 133 dgeeaTiet msi aes 94, 132, 133 dimangi qi. 5/7 eet O77, Liz ferrugineiventris......... 115 TOpeOr jee. .\ dieenGte sy, 5.5 130 fuscovariegatus.......... 128 soldmanit: .2. 7 fee - O7 tls, 030 MMiSCIIANNIS) Atlee... i... aye 0 tana 98, 108, I10, 114, 124, 125 g. chiapensis...... 98, 114,125 UISEEOCTA). eryit. foi. 5, + IOI, 104 gMeeieenys. 8 ee 104 Bigews* sige t+ 97, IgG, Hermann rte... : ae 130 Eye VICMIES yo 44°.» See WOT UTS ot. 120, 127 seen De poRMantius 5-2 ne. ase ee ras GMPeTMedUS Gan os See oe. + 127 ileVafepigh alot emis ese ri eer a 130 lEMCOSAStEr? : 4.51 ee eee II5 IGUCOPS 5. -- itpulp writ Ay ara), wines: LAUGOWACTAMIIS) 2. ccacialen >) seu 124 HOSES cniik eS ene ae Ree 110 managuensis...... 97,114, 129 TAC = + 'a 23 Bee aoe 116 MeaTHSits 2. . vx ches + ne 132 melania 107) DLAnr 25 TINE RAG AMULS: 5 lace eae se eae 146 TLOTLO Ne eee co Cl eee ae 116 moustelimus: ,...5,)cra sie + aes II5 nayaritensis ...95, 106, 107, 108 aveved bhegeralshicn, 9 Ata oY 94, IOI, 102 nelsoni ....96, 98, 114, 120, 121 Tete tS eee ee 96, 98, 114, 121 DICOV ANG. eWNere./ >. 127 1 2S) PR As 1 SPR II5 HMCOVIClATISEaan.-°- . aan Tro ne melanonottigien,... . sae 107 ocwlatus <.:.s0n 95, 106, 107, 108 O. POMC: < eeeenn : 95, 106, 107 poliopus ..96, 114, 117, 118, 120 Ds CenviCAlisy omnia: 96, 114, 119 p. colimensis .. .. i 95,114, 119 p: effugius ... sya 96,114, 120 p. hernandezi ..95, 96,114, 118 p. nemoralis .. Al" 96,114, 118 pyladei .... scm emnegmemee 129 quadrivittatus.........'.. 138 PUGH AC SONT Mewes = +); <5 a 128 xxiv PAGE. Sciurus richmondi ........ 94, 103, 105 Sciurus rigidus .... 2275... . aa 127 Scirus Tufipes ..... ci; . . . eee 117 pciurus rufiventer, . 50)... . <2ae ea Sciurus r. texensis ........ 95, tip. rrr Seturus rufoniger....... 25... 104 Sciurus sinaloensis ........ 97,114, 122 Sciurus socialis ........ 95,96, 114, 123 Seirus Ss. Cocos. jae... - 95,96, 114, 124 Seles SOLICINUS Mees. if ees ae 93 Scieris Seriatus =". fk.) hue ee See 134 OCUIGUS GOUT US. eles cas Caras sae IoI Sciurus tephrogasten ... . «> « + maeee 300 seorsus. (Zygodontomys) ....253, 254 sestinensis. (Rhithrodontomys m.) 2 RR eo ae = 257, 260 setosus. (Heteromysc.) ..... 375, 380 setosus, StLaOMmys): watenin. «Sas 5 380 Sibbaldaser. . :.< ia Rene Sine ok 42 Sibbaldius sulfureus............ 42,43 Sibba ldtmemect’s.. : ..copgmemate > <'s creme & 42 SistOdamieen .; . a 228 Sigmodon h. saturatus 222, 225 Sigmodon h. texensis............ 228 Sigmodon h. toltecus .........223, 226 Sigmodon h. tonalensis. ...... 224, 229 Sigmodon leucotis .......224, 230, 231 Sigmodon mascotemsis ........... 227 Sigmodon melanotis..........224, 232 Sigmodon minimus ..........224, 230 Sigmodon ochrognathus ......224, 230 sigmodontomiys! sc... | cena: «ee 254 Sigmodontomys alfari........ 254, 255 Silvilacus. egies oo ee 413, 414, 416 similis. (Dipodomys)).ca@. . .s206 347 simiolus. (Dipodomys m.) ...... simplex. (Neotoma) ............ 279 simulatus. (Peromyscus) ....174, 205 simulus. (Peromyscus s.) ....172, 180 Sinaloz. (Marmosa)iceme . . aus see 5,6 sinaloz. (Neotoma) .........277, 283 sinaloew. (Odontoccelus) ....... 70, 78 sinaloz. (Thomomys) ....... 334, 339 sinaloensis. (Sciurus)..... 97, 114, 122 BUTCTICRM Te, . . . eRe). Aes oa 35 mLtLOMIySia, ATIZONG coe. « see oN 186 sitomys a. thurberi jawe~ : cme oe 176 excomys decolorus...i3.. .. ene. s 216 Patomys gilberti (e+ eee 195 SILOmMyS Martirensis: vim... Sitomys musculus a as Oe ery All Be INDEX OF LATIN NAMES, PAGE. BIGOULYS T. PIAS .. 5 i... «eee 189 Serials, -((Gymomys) .. vas. sees 155 socialis. (Sciurus)..... 95,96, 114, 123 sonorana. (Heteromys)...... 375,379 SomOrana. seCLAOMYS)\.5)Me<.. . seeeiey. 379 sonoriense. (Dicotylesa.) ....... 64 sonoriense. (Tagassua.)....... 62, 64 sonoriensis. (Citellus t.) .....140,144 sonoriensis. (Hesperomys 1.) .... 181 sonoriensis. (Peromyscus a.) .... 182 sonoriensis. (Peromyscus l.)..... SAR iece c= sic jets 8: 5 17. SiGe key sonoriensis. (Spermophilus t.) ... 144 Sorictnue. «(Sciurusis.. «.aname n 93 sowerbianus. (Delphinus)....... 55 spectabilis. (Dipodomys) ....343, 345 speleus. (Odocoileus!) .......... 68 Speraianophilus. 72. 4: . . .) career 139 Spetmmophilopsis ..........ee se. 139 Spemmephilus .. ein». . 2c seein 139 Spermophilus annulatus ......... I51 Spermophilus a. goldmani ....... 150 Spermophilus grammurus........ 149 speruophilus harrisi:. 0.00... 6% I4I Spermophilus h. saxicola ........ I 42 Spermophilus interpres .......... 143 spermophilus legeurus . ..«.0.6:. 142 Spermophilus macrourus ........ 149 Spermophilus m. parvidens ...... 146 Spermophilus perotensis ......... 145 Spermophilus spilosoma ......... 145 Spermophilus s. spilosoma ....... 145 Spermophilus tereticaudus ....... 144 Spermophilus t. sonoriensis ...... 144 Spermophilus v. atricapillus ...... 150 Spermophilus v. fisheri.....:.... 150 spicilegus. (Peromyscus) ....:.. oy ies SME EES A 172, 179, 180, 198 Spilosomasy! (Citellts)) Sa aemenn 140, 145 spilosoma. (Spermophilus) ...... 145 spinatus. (Perognathus) ........ RMS. «. ae)» =< cteeaus 357, 302, 363, 364 splendens. (Neotoma) .......... 278 stenorhynchus. (Orcinus)....... gi stenorhynchus. (Prodelphinus) .. 58 stephensi. (Peromyscus) .173, 190, 199 Stoniten.. (ONS)! <.:.. deerme >< 85 Siianus «(SClULrUS)) aera S 5- 134 styae (Prodelphinus) apes... . 58 subcinctus. (Lepus f.) ...416, 417, 418 SUitiee ss slaiels scahei IS, os. 61 XXV PAGE, sulfurea, (Balenoptera) ....38, 42, 43 sulfureus. (Sibbaldius) ........ 42,43 sumichrasti. (Hesperomys) ..214, 216 sumichrasti. (Nyctomys) ....215, 216 sumichrasti. (Reithrodon!) ..... 264 Sus albiggstris ..2e. . anne es. 66 Sus tajai.'... cite eens: a «.s 61 sylvatiens? \(Lepusyis Ames. «ss 415 Sylvicala. . :s Mens cepnennen a fe cues 299 ShigaumateyiortembunblS goa. .-onMenoee 90, OI Synthetosciurus brochus ........ QI, 92 tabacensis. _(Didelphys m.) ....14, 16 tabernaguly (Haligore) ........5 36 taczanowski. (Agouti) ...... 403, 408 lcobhbhaaicy ((Slombagbis)) 4 oom me xn: IOI Tagassuleesnn. crt bes s\n. 3 cee 61 Tasassuvalipirostiis: je ey ao ee 66 Tagassumaercrassum ease tere 62,64 Tagassu angulatum ...... 62, 63, 64, 65 Tagassieay humeraley. acheter: 62, 63 Tagassul a. sonoriense .......... 62, 64 hacasstikade yucatanense sl cuens 62, 63 MaASAassuMerusnicr ms.) Mises 62, 65 Mamassuelalsiatismre cai eee eae 66 TARSASSt MATS acti |5 one eke ebopenet aie 62 Tagaeett PEeCatieiak..:. + Sta aes 65, 66, 67 Tagassu:p: cingens'... . cee ane 66 Taalssid ce pasvagsn|s .i4 hae ete 61 tajacum «(Dicouyles) semen ein 63 tajaenee (Sus) rs leaps: sen a eee 61 talamance. (Oryzomys) .....234, 241 ‘Tamiami: >; eee acne eee 24, 26 Tamandua bivittatadyie Geer. = 27 Tamandua crispus,.4 i.e... see 27 Taman tay My OSUGAG on eemeto nee 27 Tamancdiiaesellataersces eee citi e 26, 28 Tamandua tetradactyla ..... 26, 27, 28 Parmattdtase, .. sce ert <3. see 26 Reinga hen 3 UCMERRMRNES co 5. 5: aA cr 134 Taaiias a. imertiaml see... ..\. ee 137 Tatmias buller.. ...iatene > 035, Usage Tarnias dorsalis: 4::..aeierene:: 5.1 cenne 135 Menmicis) CitGam Ossie eae sh 135; 137 Tamas interpres! wc. «- 90, 94, 132 BEROSELA | aah et os teie get < Slama 413, 414, 426 Papirella isin «ones... oe 87 fPapirelia Daitdi ss... ae 33 Tatu m. fenestratum .......4.. 6 33 Tatty nowenicimncotumy ess...) 6 204 Teanopus phenax............ 294, 295 teapensis. (Oryzomys) ......235, 247 teapensis. (Peromyscus m.) ..172, 207 ftectoxium. | (C(MUS)) A c44.:. eee 3. = 164 tectus. (Oryzomys)-.....c.2. 2355245 teguina (Acodon)...... 273, 274, 275 teguina. (Hesperomys) ......... 273 tehuantepecus. (Peromyscus) 174, 206 tema. “(Mazama) see. «.aaeee 8o tenuicauda. (Neotoma). .278, 286, 289 tenuis. (Rhithrodontomys) . .258, 265 tenuirostris. (Rhithrodontomys).. ‘TUENGUS nae... siaretecicens © « TRaRE Es 134 Meonomeaguee: «. .Feemeee - « 340 Ss ‘Thomomys fulygs’ . .. 2s ime. (= 5 ee 333: 334s 335) 389; 337) 349 Thomomys f. alticola......... 333, 235 Thomomiys fantye . 2) some 333, 335 Thomomys f. nigricans ....... 333; 335 Thomomys f. intermedius - 333, 330 Thomomys goldmani .........334, 339 Thomomys martirensis ....... 333) 330 Thomomys nelsoni.........a2. 334, 339 Thomomys orizabeem.. . :.e 334, 337 Thomomys perditus .... . .334, 338, 339 Thomomys peregrinus ........ 334, 337 Thomomys perpallidus ....... 334, 340 ‘Thomomys rutescens’<.- aan. . - +. 332 Dhomomys sinalose: . 5. ea. .. - 334, 339 Thomomys toltecus «..... 334, 338, 339 PROMOmM ys UmMbTIUS ee. «cee 334 thoracatus. (Capromys) ..... 390, 3904 thurberi. (Peromyscus)......... pre fic.) =). 172, 1'76, 177,178, 187 Bourber. (Sitomysmaee. - i. ..s 176 inwlamys .: seks» ee 5 tiburonensis. (Peromyscus) ..171, 1'75 momidus. (Lepiis): >. . ». s\s,0 oeenene 170 tropicalis. .(Neotoma) ....:.. 278, 288 trOW Deol, (eps) 424 Allied House Mouse............. 180 AiiinediivanSarOOmNabeieee eee... . 347 Alliedi Mouse .. Species « 192 Altied Spiny Rat... eo... 371 Alpine Cotton RAtn = ueeeee ss ..s- 231 Alpine Harvest Mouse ........... 266 milstons Mouse ... . i seme as... ani miston s CpOSssum, 22) os. 9 PISTOLS Wood Rat nae. . 204 Ameca Harvest Mouse .......... 270 JsWiaavcic(@zhalel ButfoyeMPneta ns 6 Gass c= 4 Ae 60, 83 American Ground Squirrels ...... 134 American Mammals............. 255 American Porcupines............ 307 Amenican’ Rodents ...02.5.... 133,158 AMEtican OGuitrels: heen... 93 mamoles) Cotton Wat aero... . 231 320 PART I. PAGE, Anteater Greate. cc ee. 24, 29, 30 Anteater, Little or Two-toed ....25, 26 Anteater, Saddle-back........... 28 Anteater, Three-toed ........... 27,28 Anteaters: Vater csaeeesat sa aves IQ, 24 Antelope: gies. stares a. an eee 60 Antelope WAgmicam ian, 3. ee 60 Antelope, qik-Diley a... .. sec 60 Antelope wPron@shomy . +. ./.asens 81, 82 Antelopeser in) ct. ai sso kas eee 83 Anthony’s Field Mouse .......... 185 Anthony’s Pocket Mouse ........ 366 ApachesSsquaprels) oh. '1 Meek oan s ILO ApazoterMoustge: 4%.) 2 eeeeneree pe 194 Joli opel i Sid Nae} ae), Seen Ly nL Ls 221 Apa sie souieKell. oy ects oe 102 7. U ei Glenericel ee: 4 oClw «ene een e EL a Li ge DaT 89 Auairenrea) RATS 6 ea dle.s! ties aetub oe 388 ACCU rares! sein. ur. chee ee 410 Aregice Right Wittale ese 39 AGEGID : ec Meto ta... ieee sees II5 Arizona: Coftompitattin cic eeu 228 Arizona Mielde@Mioitse: ee erenil 186 Arizona Gray Squirrel........... 109 Arizona Fateuag< caw ise mene ees 423 Anzonave rained ose tse 154 Armacilo, Millers ceases eee 3m, 32 Armada: Miler eit. <7. nene 32 Armadillo, Nine-banded ......... 34 AorInACMes.;.:.. Gian 5 19; 30,0905 32 ANT CLAO,. Boxee, Cee ee 34 Auimeria BECCaty mtmeae. | -- oer 63 INSh=COLOLEG sELAre) vain. =. + snes 42¢ Ashy Gray Field Mouse:.......05 195 shiv O POSSI). waco eee «-. - 6 See 6 Attwater’s Swamp Hare......... 44 ACiGtibDOnNUSVELATe:).c age. + <<< fee 422 INTEC RVIOUSE 5 tee MRMIete.o 6: «.« ae 39, 43 Banded-back Squirrel............ E27 | Boyle’s Motse...0 ogee «se Banderas Field Mouse .........25 190 | Bristled Pocket Gopher. ........: Bangs Red Mouse .......0. iam 275 | Broad-headed Pocket Gophers.... Batopilas Pocket Mouse.......... 365 | Broad-footed Pocket Gopher ..... ahey SG aOweL .. . .. saa .\s ee 5 71 | Broad-nosed Pocket Mouse....... Batty’s Jackass Rabbit .......... 433 | Broad-nosed Rice Rat.....-..... Batty si@possum idee ...s ey ae 18 | Brocket, Central America ....... 79, 80 Beautiful-eared Jack Rabbit ..... Aaa.|| Brocket, SartGsi's . . Ala 89 Black-tailed Kangaroo Rat ...... 34° COO aKCO. ..: cc ee » 66 Black-tailed Mouse ............. oy | (C1 ee nS EN eke 03 Black-tailed Wood Rat.......... 284 | Catemaco Spiny Mouse .......... 380 Bopava RicewRat .o5..4 a0... cee QA 6 CIMIRTGLO <<. ok abeatey kena ae 83 Bogavaipomy Rat seaceeane., . ccm 38% ‘|steeerl Ss Mouse... .. <1 ../eanet. «ces 178 Boqueron Cotton Rat............ aay | Gueme Cotton Rat .:..cee + «... kame oe 35, 38, 48 Wetacea, Noothed...\.i Scan. . cee 43 Chapman’s Kangaroo Rat ....... 350 (hapinanscmmaice Raton... . ane 238 CheatinssWiood Rat. ic)... .aeee 295 Cherrie’s Costa Rican Mouse ..... 183 Cherrie’s Pocket Gopher ......... 330 Chermiecemsce Rat ...255.. . sme: 253 Chestnut-faced Pocket Gopher.... 315 Chestnut-headed Sloth .......... 22 Chiapacemetirrel eb... . . . aes 5 125 Chichen Itza Harvest Mouse ..... 265 Chichenmitza Rice IR... ae 236 CISGWemimeS ... . 2... « deen 132 Chienibtares,..<.: “hye cs). :) eee 4Il Chihuahua Mule Deer............ 78 Chilpamcingo Mouse .:.... Jeu... 206 (Chlatajoviinh hal ARMA ee 3 ROMER bcos 8 89 Chipmmmik, Colorado: ....... oa 138 Chipmunk, Durango. ..... 4... ne'7 Remipmmic, Gila... as... sia sacl roi5 Chipmunk, Lower California...... 136 Wihioounie, Merriam ’s. ... . 6k .an me Chipmunk, Mexican .......5.c0. 136 Ciimmaaniks ieaak..s . 90, 133, 134, 408 Chiriqui Harvest Mouse ......... 259 Chiriqur Piomiy Squirrel .....2... I00 Chiriqus Porcupine ........ seen. 402 Chiriqmtpsquigwel. .... . awe eames. 104 [Slakiiovoyy’ IMKOVEISIE S85 glaeo a oto NS 205 Cinereous Harvest Mouse........ 262 Cobamopimy Rat 3655 «eee « : 372 Cofre de Perote Harvest Mouse ... 266 Corayenbouti ... ce eee eee sts: 407 ColimarlGiny, Mouseks..cmeearane. 7s Colima Harvest Mouse .......... 267 Colima Mountain Squirrel........ 119 Colimear Squirrel... sisi - 120 Caliared Wood Rat... ~argeck ss. 279 CGollecton Wood Rat: aaeeee 280 Colbecroquprrel ... ...cw.npieames. ts V2 Colorado Chipmunk. sae ae 138 Eememon Dolphin j. Ji aenwaees s+. iss Common Kaller Whales). .5..... 51 Common LOnpoise) on eae. 40 Common Squirrel (of Europe) .... 132 GOMBIO Ss ahWy ss kin So Res 415,429 Coolidge’s Field Mouse .......... 187 Goges Whale .: ..4sstaee a: . 43 xxxi PAGE Costa RicsmDeen ieee. ee. eee 74 Costa Rica Harvest Mouse ....... 267 Cotton Rat Allenism a: jee: cera 224 Cotton Rat, Alpines, :omeneerer|: 231 Cotton Rag) Amoles:. eae... . 231 Cotton Rat Arizona: Gane. « 228 Cotton Rat, Bailey's: Sint i... 226 Cotton Rat, Berlandiersea. se... 228 Cotton Rat, Black-eared......... 232 Cotton Rat) Boqweronmas. ane os 225 Cotton#Rat Bonucamyneas os sae 22 Cotton Rat, /@eiba (a.5.-..- 225 Cotton Rat, Fulvous-bellied ...... 232 Cotton RiatlWan ce trenrnc,.) tessa 228 Cottom RamiLeastigse ye. snc scue 230 Cotton mNwateeMascotama . >. tenew 227 Cotton Rat, Ochraceous-faced .... 230 Cottone ar @cctlan eee ase seer 22 Cotton Rat, Small-toothed ....... 226 Cottonatateieapa |... 25 vis. athie.'s 225 Cottonskat sWoltec.. nese ee 226 Cotton weet tomalasswaneenecae « 22 Cotton Rat, Volean de Chiriqui... 231 Cotton Rat, Western Desert...... 227 Cotton Rat, White-eared......... 230 COC IN AGS he oe e es! Gis, easy arsenate 80, 222 (Gof) Sats Sane horke A cs SREB CRD Ie Bho. oa be: 405 Comes Deer eayes in: cine ares Vion His Coues’ Meadow Vole ............ 303 Cottes hace trate ic Ri gdkcutae we 236 Cowaichi...: iar suet aorta eee 47, 56 CO DUR: os eenene cee Sa tale 382 Cozumel Island Rice Rat......... 241 Crestedeniooutl a is...\ce ee ere nit at 407 Crested-tailed Mouse ............ 304 (Crabababhate:: AMegonbial 25's cigul 3, aaroled obs 406 Curly spiny, MOuUSeei acme «+0.h ise 380 Danke Meadow: Voletgaetay. |... dna 302 Dark-tailed Spiny Mouse ........ 370 DEC SOTISmV Viale ee... = cise 42 Decertiul Rice Rati en... see 246 ID Yeoi2: SIN 2 ae Gane) 5 60, 68, 79 DG Gimn cities: .chccaRabeeer ss. . ccanee iis DeeruCalitionnia, Mules... .. 0c 7%} Deans Geros Islands emer. . .\. eee 76 Deer, Chihuahua Mule........... 78 Deen Costa Rica sree: «6c cn 74 DMeenyCoues i)! .ciAueeeners ss oe wane FO) 7A Deer, Desert Mule 2220... .. 5.52% 77 Deer, Hamilton Smith’s ......... 74 XXxii PAGE Deer, Lower California .......... 78 Weer. Mexicam.. 2)... . -\<-eee 72 ecm Mule « ameeeha eS 415 Hare, Tehuantepec. ean... 8 418 Hare, True's\swanip ~leemeerer ss 415 Hare, Vera Crutzen... eee: 420 Elare, Washinetonin,.. one 410 Hare Yucatatie: set) ss0 eee 419 LCDTeS ... Wl aceeeeeeetae 89, 409, 410, 411 Hares, ArChiC. ..2 sa\c son 6 ee 410 Blares, Chief: £3: 4acs eee 4II Harris's Spermophile a. nea I41 Harsh-coated Pocket Gopher ..... 326 miarvest Micegime.ss... ...ct mms: 255 Harvest Mousemrace: .. . 0. mee 80, 161 Harvest Mouse, Alpine .......... 266 Harvest Mouse, Ameca.......... 270 Harvest Mouse, Big-eared........ 259 Harvest Mouse, Brownsville ...... 264 Harvest Mouse, Calel......0).... 269 Harvest Mouse, Captious ........ 263 Harvest Mouse, Chichen Itza ..... 265 Harvest Mouse, Chiriqui am. ... 6 259 Harvest Mouse, Cinereous........ 262 Harvest Mouse, Cofre de Perote .. 267 Tharvest Mouse, Colima Soa. ...=<: 267 Harvest Mouse, Costa Rica ...... 267 Harvest Mouse, Dusky ....... 261,272 Harvest Mouse, Goldman’s....... 268 Harvest Mouse, Gray-backed ..... 272 Harvest Mouse, Hispid........... 270 Harvest Mouse, Irazu Voleano.... 259 Harvest Mouse, Jalapa .......... 267 Harvest Mouse, Large-eared...... 271 Harvest Mouse, Las Vigas ....... 262 Harvest Mouse, Long-tailed ...... 261 Harvest Mouse, Lower California. . 262 Harvest Mouse, Mexican......... 264 Harvest Mouse, Mountain........ 263 INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. PAGE. Harvest Mouse, Mount Popocatepetl 265 Harvest Mouse, Oaxaca.......... 270 Harvest Mouse, Oposura......... 264 Harvest Mouse, Orizaba.......... 266 Harvest Mouse, Patzcuaro........ 271 Harvest Mouse, Peninsular....... 263 Harvest Mouse, Rufous.......... 268 Harvest Mouse, San Sebastian .... 270 Harvest Mouse, Slender.......... 205 Harvest Mouse, Slender-nosed . 268 Harvest Mouse, Tlalpam......... 271 Harvest Mouse, Todos Santos .... 269 Harvest Mouse, Valparaiso....... 260 Harvest Mouse, Volcan Toluca ... 266 Harvest Mouse, White-lipped..... 269 Hle@aWyeEeCCATy ...Wi. «cee 64 nedoaemus (Rats in... ... seems 382 Heller’s Pocket Mouse........... 360 PiiapeOtamius 240.5): 3. i ca ee 60 Hispia, Harvest Mouse... :..:.92. : 270 Tiispanl Pocket Mouse... ..... fem. 360 Meptanopiny Mouse ..... .... gee 375 Piepied spiny Rati. o's. dui... a7 i Inlouniautehohokgsy pslKoyrlaWyey § ah fue Sieur: 20, 21 Rotman s Squitrel: ...: 24. dak. 104 RO OaMMRyE cS R Oa OAs 5 1. (Aly MMs 60 LO GeIC I keira ia. \... seem 48 Hollow-horned Ruminants...... 67, 83 lolzimet:s: Telametn../!\..b.ia0 Seen » 419 Honduras Spiny Mouse.......... 381 Hlondimas Squirrel)... issue. « . 128 Hoofedi@uadrupeds ...2u.nue... 60 LOLS Gee: = 's) CVA eeu. et eT 60 fousevMouse... tren.) ober: s . 163 House Mouse, Allied ............ 180 House Mouse, Jalapa............ 163 EO Se RECeUty....... «| siaeen ee te EMME 222 OU SE ivaios :,..c ssianwthe: ae. « 306 Hiachucasequirrell. ase» - 109 Huehuetan Spiny Mouse......... 380 ump-backed Whale...i.5,..... 4I Hints, black-tailed! Wiwacmmeras. . . 391 Jaume), (Cgenn aleve ao yek obi ele 392 Pips Flam .. Sst? Se aeeeet ss 390 lctiteialy, ELatGatl ...... . ce anes es - - 306 Fatale Unraihat1l)S eee 5 304 Huta, Lanceolate-spotaaseeu,.:.- 302 Hutia, Prehensile-tailed.......... 301 Aida, ohort-tatled> eemren.... 393 Hutia, White-banded............ 304 lel ee Oe A 5 oo 60 XXXV PAGE Tce Whalemae: :, <.) ee ree) nee 39 Imitator Mouse: gms. Sates eee 205 Ingraham’ erilutiawee. nee eee 304 Intermediate Pocket Mouse ...... 304 Ivazu Pocket Gopiter . jay aeeees. - 328 Irazu Volcano Harvest Mouse .... 259 Island of Cozumel Mouse ........ 181 Island of Cozumel Opossum ...... 5 Island of Tiburon Mouse......... 175 Island Opossum. ':sheneues as 4 xt 7 Isolated Ruce geet. cumeie a eon etd 254 Isthmuan Agence eerie vice ee 407 Isthmian Spiny Mouse........... 378 Isthmian VWigod) ater. nae 287 Jabale sans scsi a ee 63 Jackass Rabbit, Batty’s ......... 433 Jacl RatbiigAuien’s. 2% <...:5)s) sae 434 Jack Rabbit, Beautiful-eared ..... 431 Jack Rabbit, California, >. 4.2)... .9 437 Jack, RetspiDesert "J. J)0e dane ere 435 Jack Rabbit, Desert Gray ....... 436 Jack RabbitesDonkey sens see 435 Jack Rabbit, Expirito Santo Island 438 jack Rabbit, Gaulard/si. jt... ee 433 Jack Rabbit, Lower California .... 438 Jack Rabbit, Merriam’s.......... 432 Jack Rabbit, San Pedro Martir... 439 Jack Rabbit, Wandering......... 434 Jacke tab sien.) cern cine 410, 411 Jalapa Brown Mouse ............ 176 Jalapa FieldiMiouse iy. ao see ee 208 Jalapa Harvest Mouse........... 267 Jalapa House Mouse... 2... 2... 163 JalapaniMotise name rane 192 Jalapa: Bice Rabe is.) Wana sss 240 Jalisco Small-eared Mouse ....... 179 Jatiaica Rice Rathmnmemie.. 2 sae 247 Jaxal Pocket Mousewiees .. sea 365 JietaMiouse cath... ca ees uss 5 eee 179 warez Pocket Gopheme,......% a 338 Jiamiping Mice: .:..jecaree.« . teen 89 Jiquila Metse::.. fee. .... 02s 179 Jrigtnla Wood: Tat ee... oe 288 WWamoatoosGilantacher aes: .. «=e I KancaroowRat;, Allseditey,......= nese 347 Kangaroo Rat, Black-nosed ...... 348 Kangaroo Rat, Black-tailed ...... 348 Kangaroo Rat, Chapman's ....... 350 Kangaroo Rat, Desert..........5 345 XXxvi PAGE. Kangaroo Rat, Doubtfal..... ake 346 Kangaroo Rat, Dusky. .\..’.: femme 351 Kangaroo Rat, Handsome ....... 345 Kangaroo Rat, Merriam’s ........ 346 Kangaroo Rat, Nimble........... 351 Kangaroo Rat, Ord’s .28.... am 350 Kangaroo Rat, Ornamented ...... 344 Kangaroo Rat, Palmer’s .......2% 350 Kangaroo Rat, Perote ...i.... Wee 344 Kangaroo Rat, Phifltps’ “i023. 98 343 Kangaroo Rat, Smatiy... 0... ae 346 Kangaroo Rat, Tiburon Island ... 344 Kangaroo Rats...... 340, 341, 348, 352 Kangaroo Rats, Five-toed ....... 349 Kangaroo Rats, Four-toed ....... 341 1 GTS UO RS A i 49 silat) ithe hs cde horetaraeaten: kane 49,50 Reler Whale. oo s6 oo sesame os ate 50 Kaller Whale, Common 2: .:.0. 4002 51 Killer Whale, Large-toothed...... 57 Katler Wihalesis «cassia. « £0; Az sO Gt Kamelreds Mouse sce comhs -)s +) s/o eae 202 La Carpintera Field Mouse....... 198 Lanceolate-spot Hutia........... 392 La Palma Field Mouse .......... 104 La Parada Spity' Rat... . 5.2... 369 Marve; COULOn ENA bere &.<...< eh ene 170 Wiikess (°c) nn aay so 89, 170 Micem@itervest o.% osa sins. coun 25 Micermpamping : 256... .cheouene 89 Mi Gem Vitcacloiw: sce. :acisi... Uae 208 MiCeMIOl eae eet ee 165 MiGs POCKeth s cns ese s <3 340352; 368 Micmranican Hare)... .'. 0... : Laas 417 Michoacan Squirrel). .)/ 0%. sce. 118 Milton s Armadillo: ic 3c. <.0- ube cia sree MGISE eee cs... eecclamier. 180 VIG PNITCE: eters 5... aden 165 Mole Mouse, Black-browed ....... 166 MoleiMouse; Drab Gray 1... 20. 168 Mole Mouse, Large-eared......... 169 MoleeWipuse Male. cc6csc5 ee. - 167 Mole Mouse, Ramona............ 167 Mole Mouse, Sand-loving......... 168 Mole Mouse, Tropical......... 167, 168 MMGIES Hewi « «scisc ete eee) 89 Migoset ai.) 3 ee Cae ee. 67 IVE OK OVA. « 5 out eS. « 63 Mountain Gopher .A2« s joao ss. « 314 Mountain Harvest Mouse........ 263 Motatain Mouse .<2 205 Same: - - 200 Mountain Sheep: i: oj sassy: - 83 Mountain Sheep, Lower California 84 Mountain Sheep, Mexican ........ 86 Motmtain squirrel) 2 oaneeeeie . . « T21 Motmitain\Viood) INaGuaeemier ). « 204 Mount Iztaccihuatl Pocket Gopher 314 Mount Malinche Mouse.......... IQ5 Mount Popocatepetl Harvest Mouse 265 Mis tancitaro WoodsRaitseemn. -. - 290 Mount Zempoaltepec Field Mouse. 204 Mount Zempoaltepec Meadow Vole 305 XXXxvii PAGE Mouse ...; Same. 0 Gees one Cee 93, 161 Mouse, Alteity ...., sae... see 208 Mouse, Allents Spine. .viis ee 376 Mouse, Allved, :::iauiy. nee eemeron = 1g2 Mouse, Allied Desert............. 185 Mouse, Allied Ficidy i225. 4:. 180 Mouse, Allied House .........:.. 180 Mouse, Alpine Harvest .......... 266 Mouse, Alstonisee. nee cesiid 2773 Mouse, Ameca Harvest .......... 270 Mouse, Anthony’s Field.......... 185 Mouse, Anthony’s Pocket ........ 306 Mouse, Apazipe. : Aime ht tlscas-nb ote 194 Mouse, Arizona Field............. 186 Mouse, Ashy Gray Field ......... 195 Mouser Avtecs... a aeinens | oh oe 184 Mouse, Bailey’s Pocket .......... 301 Mouse, Baird’s Pocket).......¢s05 354 Mouse, Banderas Field .......... 190 Motise; Banos Reda eae 2 ogden aren 2715 Mouse, Batopilas Pocket ......... 365 Mouse, Big-eared Harvest........ 259 Mouse, Black-browed............ 201 Mouse, Black-browed Mole ....... 166 Mouse, Black-eared Field......... 178 Mouse, Black-eared Pocket....... 356 Mouse: Black-footed. 2.2.2 Jsa40- 210 Mouse, Blacketailed: ..: . 7.5 eee Ig2 Mouse, Boguetes. .-.ia. screen 214,274 Moise; Boylerses cn tun eee 195 Mouse, Broad-nosed Pocket ...... 359 Mouse, Brownsville Harvest ...... 264 Mouse, Bryant's Pocket ......... 364 Mouse, Buff-colored Pocket ...... 362 Mouse, Calel Harvest 40... .65- 269 Mousé,Califormiay. . d.emen). anger 203 Mouse, Cape St. Lucas Pocket .... 363 Mouse, Captious Harvest ........ 263 Mouse, Catemaco Spiny.......... 380 Mouse; ‘Cecilis: (5 aspen. ene 178 Muse, Cerros Islandia... .....20man 185 Mouse, Cherrie’s Costa Rican ..... 183 Mouse, Chichen Itza Harvest ..... 265 Mouse, Chilpancingo’ og. . ....0. vas 206 Mouse, Chiriqui Harvest......... 259 Mouse, Cimipby, jt: kau... oem 205 Mouse, Cinereous Harvest........ 262 Mouse, Cofre de Perote Harvest .. 266 Mouse Colima Cityeeeter +... 21 ene 175 Mouse, Colima Harvest .......... 267 Mouse, Coolidge’s Field .......... 187 XXXViii INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. ; PAGE PAGE Mouse, Costa Rica Harvest....... 207 | Mouse, Jalapan .7f2as... .. commen. 192 Mouse, Crested-tailed............ 204 | Mouse, Jalisco Small-eared ....... 179 Mouse, Curly Spiny. 2... .. . cae 380 | Mouse, Jaral Pocket............4 365 Mouse, Dark-tailed Spiny ........ e7o, | Mouse, Jetiae.J. seen: cue 179 Mouse, Deer. oie. . cake: . - se EG9.| Mouse, Juqmilas. een... .. ae 179 Mouse, Desert. cnc... eee. ee FOr, | Mouse, Kindred): aie... (2 ee 202 Mouse, Desert White-footed ...... 188 | Mouse, La Carpintera Field ...... 198 Mouse, Drab Gray Mole ......... 168 | Mouse, La Palma Field .......... 194 Mousey Dryad . «oS e «miei as Se 204 | Mouse, Large-eared Field......... 210 Mouse, Dusky Harvest ....... 261,272 | Mouse, Large-eared Harvest...... a7 Mouse; Dusky Spiny ws. 2.4. 6.29 379 | Mouse, Large-eared Mole......... 169 MGSO MUERTE, . 2: .. chins + wines em 175 | Mouse, La Salada Deer=.......-. Igo Mouse, Eastern Desert Pocket .... 359 | Mouse, Las Vigas Harvest ....... 262 Mouse yHEnmercetic: ie. 2 canine 203 | Mouse, Little Desert Pocket ...... 358 Mouse seimotern.. .’.. . ymtel, aoe toe! Mouse, Little Spiny “hess. +. 377 Mosse; Peamish... 0 dda: > ssate 60) |-Mouse, Littoral Spiny.snae, +... 2 381 mse, UG... ss seb om 45a, Cae ori Mouse, Long-neseds, saceamee. « . 2 209 eowse, Himes 4272). yal ces os eee 197 | Mouse, Long-nosed Spiny ........ 378 Mouse, Franklin Mountains ...... 196 | Mouse, Long-tailed Harvest ...... 261 MMouse,: rising.) meee sg aa thee 199 | Mouse, Lower California Harvest . 262 Mouse, Pulvougusce ae: . us cocane 183 | Mouse, Margarita Pocket ........ 363 Mouse; Gadowisit-meian.. . . one 201 | Mouse, Maria Madre Island ...... 197 Manse; Gentle .)¢ vans... sein 182 | Mouse, Merriam’s Pocket ........ 354 PaGuse Groldeggis:,|<), case oss, 0) eee 169.) Mouse, Mexican’s...>... 2 Ganueeetee 207 Motse;: Goldmamishcn. scsi: vene. 186 | Mouse, Mexican Harvest ......... 264 Mouse, Goldman’s Harvest ....... 268 | Mouse, Mexican Pocket .......... 355 Mouse, Goldman’s Pocket ........ Z6cgimMouse, Mimicieeni..... een 180 Mouse, Gray-backed Harvest ..... 272 | Mouse, Mountain ............... 200 Mouse, Gray Pockety. ox.) ss.8 ae 367 | Mouse, Mountain Harvest........ 263 Mouse, (Gray's; Spigty 04... 2, oh 375 | Mouse, Mount Malinche.......... 195 Mouse, Great California Pocket ... 367 | Mouse, Mount Popocatepetl Har- Mouse, Great-tailed............... 212 VEST... «cA ae ce 265 Mouse, Grizzledin in 8 ok ik a as 196 | Mouse, Mount Zempoaltepec Field. 204 Mouse: (Elamy eaten ctl. cae te 89, 161 | Mouse, Mule-eared .... 05a. ...7. 199 Mouse, Heller’s Pocket .......... 360 | Mouse, Naked-eared............. 188 Mouse, Hispid Harvest........... avo | Mouse, Nelson’s Pield«jjga,... 1.) 214 Mouse, Hispid Pocket............ 360 | Mouse, Nelson’s Pocketage....... 364 Mouse "Hoary Spiny !..40.. 4... 375 | mouse, Nelson’s Spitiy james » . ae 382 Mouse, Honduras Spiny ......... 38x |aMiguse, Oaxaca Field gyms .. 0.5 206 MOUSE AELOUSE.... . eves... 5 ee 163 | Mouse, Oaxaca Harvest.......... 270 Mouse, Huehuetan Spiny ........ 380 |eeause, Odd-tailed ix 7 ee. ..S2. . 202 Mouse? Tmimtator. .2a5ha voters Maas’ 205 | Mouse, Oposura Harvest ......... 264 Mouse, Intermediate Pocket. ..... 364 ianmouse, Orizaba Field um... 2m... 207 Mouse, Irazti Volcano Harvest.... 259 | Mouse, Orizaba Harvest.......... 266 Mouse, Island of Cozumel ........ 18y | M@use, Ozolotepec..vsaun. «sees 210 Mouse, Island of Tiburon......... 175 | Mase, Pacific Pocketivau....2e.. 355 Mouse, Isthmian Spiny .......... 378 |- Mouse, Painted Spiny............ 377 Mouse, Jalapa Brownsay......... 176 |\iiGuse, Pale Mole... 7s... oe ee 167 Mousey Jalapa Field’ Syme)... cee 208 | Mouse, Pallid Pocket .......:.... 366 Mouse, Jalapa Harvest .......... 267 | Mouse, Patzcuaro Harvest........ 271 Mouse, Jalapa House ............ 163 | Mouse, Peninsular Harvest ....... 263 x —_—- INDEX OF COMMON NAMES, PAGE. Mouse, Peroters am... 1. hes «cane 193 Mouse, Platimar Spiny .........0% 377 Mouse, Prices;Pocket,. .... . en 358 Mouse, Puerta Angel ........°. [aia 190 Mouse, Ramona Mole............ 167 Mouse, Related White-footed ..... 184 Mouse, Rio Grande White-footed . 188 Mouse, Rio Sestin Meadow ....... 260 IMotmseINOCKS........ cele 1 eee 208 Mouse, Rowley’s Pine............ 189 Mouse, Rufous Harvest.......... 268 Mouse, Sachem or Chief ......... 203 Mouse, San Clemente Island...... 187 Mouse, San Cristobal Field....... 209 Mouse, Sand-loving ............. Ig! Mouse, Sand-loving Mole......... 168 Mouse, San Felipe Field ......... 205 Mouse, San Geronimo Island Field. 181 Mouse, San Martin Island........ 183 Mouse, San Pedro Martir Mountains 189 Mouse, San Ouentin .. 0... .. o.aee 200 Mouse, San Quentin Pocket ...... 362 Mouse, San Sebastian Harvest .... 270 Mouse, Short-eared California Pocket 3 bani ohgta ReaRG ayo Onceep aa trRnEEEe cheno, cE 366 Mouse, Short-nosed Pocket....... B55 Mousenony Mieldey ..eu... . .ccumae 197 Mouse, Sinaloa Pocket........... 359 Mouse, Slender Harvest.......... 205 Mouse, Slender-nosed Harvest .... 268 Mouse, Slender-nosed Pocket ..... 358 Mouse, Smallest Spiny........... Bai Mouse, Sonora Spiny .....2 255. 379 Mouse, Sonora White-footed Field. 1 82 Mouse, Sonoyta Desert........... 198 MIGHEES DOOLEY: «2s wicneacuue ae m0}, 211 Mouse, Spiny Pocket ............ 363 Mouse, Stephens’ Field.....°..... IQI Mouse, Strange Pocket .......... 361 Moticeysleapal.. . . ans 77 Mule Deer, Chihuahua..........- 78 Mule: Deer, MBesent, . .y1./c2m ee ees hy | Mule-eared Mouse... 5.525 eave cn 199 VIG 3 Ne Ne aS See ee ee eee 32 Te rcs oe Yasui nltveney ata telhs SRemehea 79 Musine7Opossuma . ...°. «areas 5 Murine Opossum, Mexican........ 6 MuskeDeer ciapgrrrs + |. aoe 67, 403 MuiskeOxen= tiger. eine are isie ayers 83 Muskrat-caaceiew oan. aes 161, 306, 388 Muskrat VR alenee =o aero eee 308 MusSRta tet cies {cit eae ais onoecnuceenenemercnete 306 Naked-eared Mouse ............. 188 Naked-tailed Pocket Gopher ..... 318 Naked-tailed Rat: <,.. . .\djmys-s + »=ie5 Ey | Naked-tailed Wood Rats ........ 277 Narrow-headed Pocket Gopher.... 328 Narrow-headed Wood Rat....... 285 Nataygiial :. : Giese... chun cy. <.s.eee 47 Nayantt: Squigtel... j.yaeeins 2 yen 108 Neglected Pocket Gopher ........ 320 Nelsons: Meer! >. ices vamae v3!s ne 75 Nelsons’ Field) Mouse (.eee5...-- 214 Nelsons) Hatin... © -siventsunetn s+ sts.0 sex 412 Nelson’s Pocket Gopher ...... 324, 339 Nelson’s Pocket Mouse........... 364 Nelson’s Spiny Mouses.....0.5. Nelsen’s-Squirrel: -..c2syeae 1. «+ ate 121 Nelson's WocdeRatwemmeae s. «ca: Nicaracuan spiny Rater. ... van xl INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. PAGE Nicaragua..Squirrel ......... ee 127 Nimble Kangaroo Rat........... 351 Nine-banded Armadillo .......... 34 Northern Tenasserim ............ 93 Nerway Rat ..ces':.. 28h...) oe 164 Nuttall’s Hare.i03.. 055 0).eee 425 Oak Woods Squirrel............. 118 Oaxaca Field MouSe...:...... a8 206 Oaxaca Harves Mouse .......... 270 Gaxecs Opossum... Sha. . geo. ee & Uaeaca pauitrel.. . as. . v.20 ee 267 Ochraceous-faced Cotton Rat..... 230 DcotlamiGenuon Ratio. cs. «ence 2209 OcotlaniRuceyRat <2 4en.. - eee 240 Oatod oniteiar « : .:cine aes 6.0 eee 382 Odd-tailed Mouse ............... 202 iosciamiay ae so! gehts ee a eae I Opossummpailen’s) . 6 5.4.66. .5 Joe 13 Opossum; Alston's, $36... 6... aces 9 Wpassuin;ASIiy to. wees. & yee 6 Wipossum)) Batigis gc... .. st. een 18 Opossum, Earl of Derby’s........ 9 (pascunn, Sober wets). sec Caeees 18 Opossum, Fulvous-bellied ........ 8 Opossinl, (Gare: . . nee: < ; 7 Opossum: Islancdese.). . . aerate. ¢ 17 Opossum, Island of Cozumel ..... 15 Opossum, Lannwame sy... ... A oe IS Opossum, Maria Madre Island .... 7 Opossum, Mexican Murine........ 6 Goss, Mattitiel ens. isis se 5 possi; Oamacrriss 104 es ken 8 Opossnim, Origabay osc. 23.4)ee 13 Opossum, Pale Woolly........... II Opossum Rat-tailed) sen. -)ve oe ee 12 Opossum, Richmond’s ........... ry. Opossum ein alog se. ss) ane © |: 6 Opossummpbabasco.. a... ./.|.. gee. 16 WhoOssuimabexas 6. oy e's Ov aie - 16 Opossummoyy ater Giakiet .a../ssee eds 2 Opassummay ucatamiy: (04:4 See | 14 Omossutiase 5 acct. » eee Ss I Oposura Harvest Mouse ......... 264 OPrens ayy: . « ¢ s./o nape at by 3 47,50 Ord!s, Rangaroo Rat cae: s24.nt 350 Orizaba Field Mouse............. 207 Origabeiare . 2. geass: vee eys 425 Orizaba Harvest Mouse.......... 266 Orizaba Opossum... f5 Pa 13 Orizaba Pocket Gopher.......... 337 Orizaba Wood Raver. ....a- aaa 286 Ornamented Kangaroo Rat ...... 344 Oso € olmemero ...\eee. . ss 0 ee ay Ose Real: jin, Vae s aeetel sss oe 29 Otter. . citys. ose ee 6 ee I OX... . .:.uete Sects sos Pe 38 Ozolotepec Field Mouse.......... 210 PACA... . aces tho eee ic) aoe 403, 408 Paca, Central American ...... 408, 409 Pacific Pockel Mowseree..... scan 355 Pacuare Pocket Gopher... .)....25 330 Painted Spiny Mouse............ 377 Painted Woad@Rat ewe... >see 287 Pale Mole ‘Magse.. .aavmpas: . soo 167 Pale Musk Rati2).. (ae «tee 308 Pale Pocket Gopher (( as si san 340 Pale Rice Ratid) 252.4 ee 238 Pale Woolly Opossum: <2 [ae =o: II Pallid Pocket Mouse ............ 366 Palmer’s Kanearoo Rates] .ue a. oe 350 Panama, Rat’... 022 dae eae 219 Panama Rice Rats: ase 241 Panama Spiny Rate onsen seen 387 Pangolins ~ dicts ss cis eae eee 19 Patzcuaro Harvest Mouse........ 271 Peccaries. . one « «-: + 2 eee ee 61 Peccary, Armenia. «:\. 5. suiaee ee 63 Peccary, Boquete a... - .:2emee nee 65 Peccary, Dwart 49... . oe ee 62 Peccary, Heavy <2.) une. See 64 Peccary, Savage . >. eee - eee 66 Peccary, Sonora...) .imseee eee 64 Peccary, Texan. ../7a.0e- - See 63 Peccary, White-lipped .......... 65, 66 meccary, Yucatan’... sae. «eee 63 Peninsular Harvest Mouse........ 263 Beerico Lijerd < (s\n se 20 Perote Kangaroo Rat q2........- 344 Perote Mouse -.>. sia. be ee 193 Perote Pocket Gopher ........... 313 Perote Squirrel ..ecamee- . saunas 117 Perote Wood Rat. -mees .. aan. ... 2... am 399 ORCISE she's cine. - Sigel se 47,49 Porpoise, Bottle-nosed .........% 56 Porpese, Common: fa: .. st < seen 49 IBOGOISES Iai ms ae, os. Speen, 43,48 Pouched Mammals ...). . .35 . Ake I Pouehed Wages)... . a... ce eee 89, 308 Pouchedsigats, Spiny f.%.. 55.5555 368 Powerful’ Pocket Gophers ........ 311 Prairice-depeey. 2’. scWinansewin 's)-crn eens 155 Prairie-dog, Arizona............. 154 Prairie-dog, Gunnison’s .......... 156 Prairie-dog, Mexican... ...5- 5.525 156 Prat rie-Ggo ee iis Semis 2 oe T5225 Prehensile-tailed Hutia .......... 391 Prehensile-tailed Porcupine ...... 402 Paces Pocket Mouser... ... aan. 358 Projecting-teeth Squirrel......... gl LE igoymiCee | Ope (el “shied eeeumitics 5G, De EEEMERA SI 81 REOHe=NOrh dere on «Se iaha) ea ec St Prong-horn Antelope ........2:.. 81, 82 Prong-horn, Mexican’ ........... 81, 82 Pitepla: Hares. hemes «> Seseeeerens 418 Puerto Angel Mouse............. 190 Querendaro Wood Rat .......... 282 RS DiG chi: is sear area ee einer 409, 411 RabbitwAllens' Jack is s-os ese 434 Rabbit, Batty’s Jackass ......... 433 Rabbit, Beautiful-eared Jack ..... 431 Rabbit, California jack... °.2 4. 437 Rabbit, Desert Jacknis .. ee. 435 Rabbit; Donkey Jackee.:..:ets.. 435 Rabbit, Espirito Santo Island Jack. 438 Rabbit, Gawlard’s Jack ...... 232... 433 Rabbit, Gray Desert Jack........ 436 Rabbit, Lower California Jack .... 438 Rabbit, Merriam’s Jack.......... 432 Rabbit, San Pedro Martir Jack... 439 Rabbit, Wandering Jack......... 434 Rabbit, Western Desert ......... 437 Rabbits ieee. «eee 89, 409, 410, 411 Rab bitsemenckes. 1: . saemre ee 410, 411 Ramona Mole Mouse ....%..:.... 167 Rat cies eee hs. . GEIR en 89, 161 PAGE Rat, Active Rice. enn: .. oaseee 250 Rat, Active Woodtresse.... seer 282 Rat, Alfarois: Rieeivore..° . slop 242,255 Rat, Allen’si@ottonteer.. .. 2a 224 Rat, Allen's) Wood, S32... . .s.0 297 Rat Allied Kangarogm. ... sta 347 Rat, Allied Spiny. Pane. =... cee 371 Rat, Alpineli@otton er). See 231 Rat, Alston’smwWoody- see... eae 204 Rat; Amoles Cotton Saemeee .. . 5 > 2a Rat, Apazoteyme .\. aaa oe 221 Rat, Arizona Ceiton sae... . ee 228 Rat, Aztec Rite c:. .: ae a. «oe 245 Rat, Bailey's(Cotton artes. oe 226 Rat, Berlandier’s' Cotten... 2. .% 228 Rat, Black ve: See cee 164 Rat, Black-eared‘Cottoni-aee. o. 232 Rat, Black-eared Rice .......:..- 243 Rat, Black-nosed Kangaroo ...... 348 fat, Black Rice... <5. eee 250 mat, Black Spiny’... 5... abe ewe 370 Rat, Black-tailed Kangaroo ...... 348 Rat, Black-tailed Wood ....-.... 284 nat; Bogava (Rice i eke eee 245 at, Bogava Spiny... . {onc eemee 387 Rat, Boqueroni@otton ©. 2 ian 225 Rat, Boquete Spiny .....:..2see-= 372 kat, Boquete Vesper... . .- ae 216 Rat, Borucay Cottotue ne. > eee 224 Rat, Broad-nosed Rice .......... 243 eat, Brown.....0 . oie eee 161, 165 Rat; Buller’s Rice. . >. ope aaes- oe 239 kat, Buller’s Spimy® <3 2igeee-.. see 379 et, Ceiba Cotton: 2257 maea:... ae 225 Rat, Cerros Island) Wood ........ 280 Rat, Chapman’s Kangaroo ....... 350 fee, Chapman’s Rice. gee. + sore 238 Reru, | Cheatina Wocdseesrs- ieee 295 ee, Cherrie’s Rice...2 eee. an 253 iat Chichen [tzar Rice. . cet 236 au Coban Spiny eee - «eres 372 fees, Collared Wood: Sime... 40s 279 Reve Collector WoOOde.meie: ..cee os 280 Meta OUeS Rice)... aie: . ccna 236 Rat, Cozumel Island Rice ........ 241 Meru, Weceitful Rice {vae... i 2ee.- 246 mas, Desert Kangaroo... 3.s.0 055s 345 Rat, Doubtful Kangaroo......... 346 met, Durango Wood .gin..«.0e6s 285 Rat, Dusky-footed Wood......... 279 MeageOusky Kangaroo... ... eee INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. PAGE. Rat! General Rice...) . .eee 249 Rat, Escondido River Rice....... 248 met, Faded Wesper «ou. 0s «ieee 216 Rat, Fulvous-bellied Cotton ...... 232 Rat, Fulvous-bellied Wood....... 289 Rai, Pulyous Rice. ..5.,...8 247, 248 Rat, Gaumer’s Spiny \.....-/.48me 371 Rac. GiidimieiSpiny 05.06 +c auc 384 PVA MCOMMTEETS.. ...° alte... see 288 Rat, Goldman's Rice... ... scans « 246 Rai, Goleman’s Spiny’... .'. ./ mae. 373 Rat, Gray-faced Wood .......... 207 Rat Gray opiny: ace .. cae e 373 Rat, Guatemalan Rice........... 241 Rat, Handsome Kangaroo........ 345 Fc AOC “Spiny, we ss cave ee + S71 Pete ple USE os cs oc sto, oe 90s 222 Rat dsclated Beice,. 0... 2 .ieeeias 254 Rat lebumuan Wood... .. de puees 287 Rag aleypas ISICe 64 3s 05 hee 246 Ream ommeatca IRICEN. (in «0a 247 ee Gila, VWOOG). «5: .J0 50 5 eee 288 Rat. ila: Parada Spiny)... 0:70. 309 vartrmlbano'e. © OtibO ils... aie vas aver teee 228 Rat, Large-eared Wood.......... 279 vailbeastiGoutOtes.. . . . ae 230 etteWOnely RIG: s.:..: . .. «aces: 244 Rat lwone-hained (Rice. . ane. . 245 Rat lon c-tailedktce sy aeesey ener. 238 Rat, Long-tailed Spiny .......... 372 Rat, Lower California Rice....... 236 Rat, Lower California Wood ..... 283 Rat, Maria Madre Island Rice .... 235 Rac Miamsin RACGi aes acer. 237 Rateviasecota COulOnm seein. - 22 Rat, Merriam’s Kangaroo ........ 346 Ieee. Wlessalcehal MACE! nie bo oe howe 282 valte Vietumbalia: WWiOOC weenie 204 Rate Nite Rancitano: VWioOdeumie. || . 200 RataNaked tailed... cs\semreier . = - ay Rat, Narrow-headed Wood....... 285 ae Nielson’s\WOodi ts aemire.. 292 Rat. Nicaracuan Spinyeneeiee. . 387 Rat) Nimble Kangaroo).s...:.... Bint RaieeNOrwaly: .. .\« <4 po aReeeeRes 3 164 Rat, Ochraceous-faced Cotton .... 230 Rat Ocotlan Cottoneaeeaeetrae)..- 220 Ram Ocotlam Rice eee - 240 Rai Ord seNanCArOOmemebimee: -. - 350 LaGaO nizalod) VV OOC2 a) aan... 286 Rat, Ornamented Kangaroo...... 344 xiii PAGE. Rat, Paintede Woodie. 1s ee 287 Rat, PaleRiee: ... 2.0 0h see 238 Rat, Palmer’s Kangaroo ......... 350 Rat, Panaina) . 5 .4he cs eae 219 Rat; Panama, Ricae.. - eee: 241 Rat, Panatia Spiny .i ccs. oes 387 Rat, Perote Kangaroo ........... 344 Rat, Perote Woods. «. sees hus. o - 293 Rat, Phillips’ Kangaroo ......... 343 Rat, Querendaro Wood .......... 282 Rat, RnOACSsaVICOCheaeni nan ee 284 Rat, Raious Rice eee a) ame vate 239 Rat, Rusty Woods 2.0:>.eaene 280 Rat, Salyin's Spiny a... .. jeg 370 Rat, San Felipe Desert........... 286 Rat, San Miguel Spiny .......... 388 Rat, Santa Maria Volcano Rice... 245 Rat, shuimimonicell ss... ek ae 240 Rat Short-spimed..s 14. /iees de ene 385 Rat,.Short-tailed Spiny ....2..... 373 Rat, StnaloavWood..:+ 24.2.0 5.c0s 283 Rat, Slender-tailed Wood ........ 286 Rat, smallefooted Wood ........: 281 IRelip. poxaneell |RGehaiterhdoYoy, Ay Ug cimoen = 6 346 Rat, Small-toothed Cotton ....... 226 Rat, spotted Spiny ... 0... sokaee 374 Ratyot. Luciageice |... snag 251 Rat, Striped-tace Rice:.......... 237 Rat, ob. Vincent Rice = ss. alee ce 244 Rat SUcthewNicem ny wire cies es 254 Rat, Sumichrast’s Vesper........ 216 Rat. diaibas cane ice tay resem a 237 Rat. Dalamancaktcen. scares sect 241 Rat, Teapa.Cottom arenes. aon 225 Rat; Teapa Rice autem: + eddie Rat, Texoloy Wood a2see 2 actos 278 Rat, Tiburon Island Kangaroo ... 344 Rat, Todos Santos Island Wood... 284 [Rehr and Molhtate (Clopmropah we 5 od ete Co AZ Iveite deonalanC Ottomans. isk 229 Ieee heed Menabileskel Sale ogo o eee ote 242 Inst, . ropieal W odcigwes +. -:-0. - tee 288 bene Mbbbaall oN ¢ Brats wo, cio ERM 218 Rat, Tumbala Rice ..... Rin'st seen 239 eariewel TKAS; . 2s, Fapiclele te: hen oe avons 221 1 zye., Abarat cose ae ee 219 Rat, Volcan de Chiriqui Cotton ... 231 Rat, Wandering Ricelwie......-- 243 Rat, Watson's... «aikmmie's *' «/ ens 219 Rat, Western Desert Cotton...... 227 Rat, White-bellied Rice.......... xliv INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. PAGE Rat, White-eared Cotton......... 230 Rat, White-throated Wood....... 285 Rat, White-toothed Wood ....... 281 Ree WV O00. 1 vic: «amen e 9 ee 275 Rat, Zacatecas:Wood..«...... aa 290 REST. 130% |p: 5 toh gust asteae | 6, Bet >.<" 162 RESTS AGUATIC «..1c cia .cce> +) one 89 Rate Arbergal ..(. pee ss +e. s oe 388 NRG OEEOD.S << 5 sete eke, «| suena trees 89, 222 Rats, Five-toed Kangaroo ....... 349 Rats, Four-toed Kangaroo....... 341 Rats pEUEMoesnOS. 4.7 hsb. seae 382 Rats heipeing «Aon dels « >'> sea ee ls 132 ed Squirrele: yo ianebes «.- v./onng ce 132 Related White-footed Mouse...... 184 BEMINOGERGSs..ircutaa sie Sime ciahs ores 60 RihoadtsswWiood eater lie teen 284 Bice Waste. ACtIVEs och) sv) sa Sans 250 miceRat, Alfaro's. of. ) eee 239 Rice Rat. |@hapman's: s,s eee 238 Rice (Rat Wherrie’s: sic 5s... 4 eae - 253 Rice Rat, EmehenwWtza) 2.4) eae 236 Rice /Rati@Gues cs csacernin. .aees: 236 Rice Rat, Cozumel Island........ 241 Rice Rat, Deceitiulis. acn:. asees 246 Rice Rat, bliGeneral. 3.0... nek 249 Rice Rat, Escondido River....... 248 Rice Rat Sr akvous: /..)eee eso ss 247, 248 Rice RatwGpldman’s2 425. cee 246 Rice RatGuatemalan acs c ee 241 PAGE. Rice Rat, Isolated. Shey... . Sein 254 Rice Rat, Jalapasc eee: - > spans 246 Rice Rat, jamateas ster... + scat 247 Rice Rat, Wenely-:) seme « «sree 244 Rice Rat, Long-haired........... 245 Rice Rat, Long-tatledeer .:. Seen 238 Rice Rat, Lower California....... 230 Rice Rat, Maria Madre Island .... 235 Rice Rat, Marsha: eet = 5/3) oete 237. Rice Rat, Ocotlan: < saapee..- oae 240 Rice) Rat, Paleve.... =. ae. ee 238 Rice’ Rat, Pangamia. <2 eee. oe 241 Rice Rat, Rafoms.. :/ vem.) - oe 230 Rice Rat, Santa Maria Volcano... 245 Rice Rat, Shimmer. eee eae 240 Rice Rat, St. Duieia. ote ss: 2 251 Rice Rat, Striped-face ........... 237 Rice, Rat; St) Vincent) ae] eee 244 Rice Rat; Suenre:.+. eee 254 Inice Rat, Labascan i: = ae eee 237 Race Rat, Talamancax <:eeeeree 241 mice Rat, Teapa.....\..+- aeped 244, 247 Race Rat, Tonia) aoe eee 242 Ieice Rat, Tumbala) i. 3 eee 239 Rice Rat, Wandering. ........... 243 Rice Rat, White-bellied .... cc... 236 mace Rats .. ees noe 89, 232, 233 Ikichmond’s Opossum, ... . 5. ems 17 iehmond’s Squirrel 4... ges 105 ight, Whale, Aretie:s,.. .Js.qsnee 39 Ring-tailed Spermophile ......... 151 Rio Grande White-footed Mouse .. 188 Rio Managua Squirrel ........... 129 Rio Sestin Meadow Mouse ....... 260 Rock Mouse ..\:. saaew ote tee 208 Rack Spermophilex.. i ene. <. 142,150 agent .......:. <2 Aran eee eee 403 ROGen tS, . ..'sn eee 89, 159, 403, 410 Redents, American ....5)..... 58, 133 Gecdals «.... 0.6: See eer 42 eounschild’s Deer. 4g. yee a 72 Rothschild’s Tree Porcupine...... 401 Round-tailed Spermophile ....... 144 Iowley’s Pine Mouse. ...........- 189 Iuatan Island Agouti ........... 405 Rufous Harvest Mouse........... 268 Hous Rice Rat ... &.... samen 239 Pent .... Ld a ee ee 403 Ruminants, Hollow-hosned ..... 67, 83 Ruminants, Solid-horned ........ 67 Heeesoants, True ..)..)......5nee 67 il INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. xlv PAGE ING SSG Rare gem... «sis: cand ar omhe eee 420 iusty Wooderat ...:.tiss<.semer 280 Sachem or Chief Mouse .......... 203 Saddle-back Anteater ........... 28 Balvin's Spiny. Rat ..).0es.). seme 370 San Clemente Island Mouse ...... 187 San Cristobal Field Mouse ....... 209 San Diegoublare ... ides... se Hee 422 Sand-loving Mole Mouse ......... 168 Sand-loving Mouse.............. IQI Sand-loving Pocket Gopher....... 310 San Felipe Desert Rat........... 286 San Felipe Field Mouse.......... 205 San Geronimo Island Field Mouse. 181 San Martin Island Mouse......... 183 San Miguel Spiny Rat ........... 388 San Pedro Martir Jack Rabbit.... 439 San Pedro Martir Mountains Mouse 189 San Pedro artir Pocket Gopher . 336 pan Quentin Mouse........./.58. 200 San Quentin Pocket Mouse....... 362 San Sebastian Harvest Mouse..... 270 Santa Anita Pocket Gopher ...... 335 Santa Maria Volcano Rice Rat ... 245 Dano Ss rocket a. i)... ... Jee 80 aie Pecentny is 5/...: . . +. damage 66 Scammon’s Black-fish ........... 54 Sea-cow:, oteller’S.. i... 0... ce 379 Spiny Mouse, Gray'sic. os 2. .et eee 375 Spinyenmese, OAT y y. 3. sce 102 Squirrel, Arizona Gray .>........ 109 Squirrel, Banded-backe.......c26 127 Squirrel, Black-backed .......... 107 Sgtuirrel, Brown's. ..°. igre.» Sane 100 Squirrel, California Gray ......... 130 squirrel, Chiapas... «eee 89 pqmirrels Gray .....1d5. 5.06mi ee 93 SgurcelswGround .... 2...) “meee 89, 90 CUueeTGle Red :.... << sums » so 132 mgitirrels, Tree ..i,a.. <: 90, 92, 93, 133 Steller's Sea-Cow ..5.....« se sin gO Stephen’s Field Mouse........... TOI muluyeia Rice Rata! \. 0 samme: 251 Straight-headed Pocket Gophers .. 322 Strange Pocket Mouse........... 361 Striped-face Rice Rat .........5. 237 Duemvuincent Rice Nat... sere 244 Suetme mice at. ip)... vi amen 254 Sumichrast’s Vesper Rat ........ 216 SWE IADe, sss sw es se 415 Swamp Hare, Attwater’s ........ 414 prop: Hare: True’s .... 6. eh ek 415 Smeicklby SQUItTel orate ak's ca wlohe 126 BAIIRE VEN (ch tis gi eeada ire a: 2+ -s chen, 60 Micensean Rice Nat. ....'.'s .aninee: 237 ianasca Oporstim «0. % .. sees. 16 Ralaimencawkiee Rat. ..... eee. - 241 SPS ese TENS) sys -!5 ee 87 Alecia itaw D) OWS3 5 seuss cise ol coeucesueeeme 88 (IDEs ov 1) Se Soe Phe pre eS, 60, 86, 87 Tatameles Pocket Gopher........ 338 TeapatGetton, Rates... (sneer. -- 225 iheapa Moise ...dn yess Aes * 207 Heapawkice Ratys sweat eee 244,247 Tehuantepec Field Mouse........ 206 Tebuantepee Hare . 2... (ins <.- 418 debuantepec Squirrel. ...0. 00... 123 UCTS ES, SE eh see is Mee fc os 2 2 Venacsernme Northenuie acne: - 93 Tamatnalt Rage as. Uae hams nia ots. 86 dessert) BG te i...2)\s sesue ce venepa iene ceeds 70 Dexan Fields Mouses aes. cee... «. 186 Wexan) Peccary.x. cv. aetna se cl 63 Mexac Poxgoq utes. saeeneser) TIO TexaciOpossumiran 4. cick cial: 16 ALEXOVO) WV OOCwinditers scmiyeint tice. - 278 Miomas WDWeet | akin cst. 74 Thomas’ Guerrero Field Mouse ... 213 Biomass Squire ges ities s - 126 xlvii PAGE, Three-toed Anteater ..........5 27,28 Thurber’s Field Mouse........... 177 Tiburon Island Kangaroo Rat .... 344 Tiny Mougegt....canars + stat ent 176 Tlacuazemade Agua... Oe ice.» 3 Tlacuamm Raton. \ Gaye 5 Tlalpam /Field Mouse .....%.,..... 196 Tlalpam Harvest Mouse ......... 27% Todos Santos Harvest Mouse ..... 269 Todos Santos Island Mouse ...... 181 Todos Santos Island Wood Rat... 284 Todos Santos Mouses,....22 8.9. . 211 Toltec: Cotton, Rat: Siem igs s- Pune 226 Toluca,Sqtimrel -uaaetee +S ae 107 TonalaiCorton ater wees)... eee 229 TonilawiRvcemRarte sires, ... 01s 242 Toothedi@etacea:.. 2...) 5... seems 43 Torrid Spiny Mouse. .2).....2. «ear 376 Totontepec Field Mouse ......... 208 Tough-skinned Pocket Gopher .... 319 Trader Spermophile ... 5.9m. 143 Tree Porcupine, Mexican ........ 401 Tree Porcupine, Rothschild’s ..... gor Tree Porcupine, Yucatan ........ 402 EreereOrcupinlesn ys. «a is)= sea chsen es 399 TREGMINACS) «)jrcdeetrls sieves, sl ete oe 382 Tree ssquicrelstys. a6 cee Clo, Oe}, sh, 1s Tropical. MolemMotses ss 3. 1. 167, 168 Tropical Pocket Gopher 205 wana 326 TropicalWWoode Rates ori) ser 288 Troublesomes Mouser ses snc 193 Troublesome Pocket Gopher ..... 337 ADiqbhey Ane bbeathashanGy anno ay co one made 67 True‘ssbDeer 2.) factaienur iret 73 ALatie*s | Squirrel (fic /.c-cketees eeeeree 18 Mruelsiswanip Hare aeee. . . see 415 MrnresUnicwlaces!, eases ol eee 60 CONTI TG ies. PAOMMORE edi. 6g END 220), 3u2 Mboian oy eit yg clo cs woome tow 6s 218 sumo uila) RAC t errr. 3) sierenee 239 innlca's: Broclkeet, -\.veaeeeens = forebears 80 Mitnileas: Rare ves cicse eres, 9 os sanepits 221 GTciectil a, Rates O Socronke tates sc. eae 219 iewoOstOOumeG: Winale: pars: « - meter 47 Two-toothed Whales............ 47 Winelates: .!...... ice: games = aos 60, 61 Unealates, Drie iiss 60 Uruapan Spiny Mouse . 378 WiaGGa Ge wAlouia, aneens 6 +. sen 307 Valparaiso Harvest Mouse ....... 260 xviii INDEX OF COMMON NAMES. PAGE Variegated Squirrel .......-. 0am 129 Ce I mies! CNG 70 Wera Cruz ddare oir. «een 420 Vera Cruz Spiny Mouse.......... 379 Vesper Rat, Boqtete ..........sh 216 Vesper Rat, Faded:....25..... 098 216 Vesper Rat, Sumichrast’s ........ 216 Vesper Rats/.:.«.. SGeet eee... oe 214 Volcan de Chiriqui Cotton Rat ... 231 Volcan of Irazu Mouse .......... 274 Volcan Toluca Harvest Mouse .... 266 Vole, Coues”Meadow’............ 303 Vole; Dark Meadow’............. 302 Vole, Fulvous-bellied Meadow .... 301 Vole, Guatemalan Meadow ....... 306 Vole, Mexican Meadow .......... 301 Vole, Mount Zempoaltepec Meadow 305 Vole, Reddish Meadow .......... 302 Woles! 2 oR ax 5 see ere as 162, 298 Wialris) 3. Rs ot ldecaineees eka ame 36 Wandering Jack Rabbit ......... 434 Wandering Pocket Gopher....... 337 Wandering Rice Rat............ 243 Ville ata Re ORS Aa 67 WBETE res tina regen » apr ki sts 66 Wasninoton Rare: s.c'- 5... 7 aus > 410 Waker Oposstim: ..aaitie ss. cnee. 3 WiatSon: cimatu 4 eae ss, a\0 sees 219 Western Desert Cotton Rat ...... 227 Western Desert Rabbit .......... 437 Western: Porcupine .2......¢ she. 397 Wiialevearetic Right 5 s/.5 + steer ae 39 Woalebone Whale’. 5.2 )a.cateues 43 Whalebone Whales ......... 38, 43, 49 Wihale; Baleen :. 2... ats eee oe 40 WWinate; Gaomalot ...:. 5. (omen ae 45 Wihale’ (Caiinions: : . sda dorcte ieee teen 47 Whale, Common Killer .......... 51 WY nae: Opes... Fin vice aac ene 42 Wihales Damidson’s. ...5....0 6 eee 2 Wihalesshioivgima <. ) vas «2 eee 41 Web Rrra iss. isin » dee eae Sere 40 Whale, Greenland .............. 43 Whale, Hump-backed ........... 41 IW hele ene ..: Seca e Wiel waned as 50 Whale, Large-toothed Killer ..... 51 Whale, Pigmy Sperm ........... 46 Whale, Pilot or Ca’ing........... 53 Whale; Sperm’... . . venture 43,44, 45 Whale, Two-toothed ............ 47 PAGE Whale, Whalebone............. 43,49 Whale, Yellow-bellied .......... 38, 43 Whalegg. ..35 eco. care eaeains. » ree 38 Whales, Baleen. ./taaess ) + aeas 38, 39 Whales, FinbacksAn gen. sneer 42 Whales, Killer........... 40, 47, 50, 51 Whales, Spetm.... Sikes... 38, 43, 44 Whales, Two-toothed............ 47 Whales, Whalebone ......°..... 38, 43 White-banded Hutia ............ 394 White-bellied Rice Rat.......... 236 White-eared Cotton Rat...:....; 230 White-footed Field Mouse, Sonora 182 White-footed Mouse ............. 169 White-footed Mouse, Desert ...... 188 White-footed Mouse, Related..... 184 White-footed Mouse, Rio Grande . 188 White-lipped Harvest Mouse ..... 2609 White-lipped Peccary .......... 65, 66 White-nosed Pocket Gopher...... 322 White-spot Deer Mouse.......... 178 White-tailed Deer .........05-.. 68 White-tailed Deer, Sinaloa ....... 78 White-tailed Mouse. ............ 201 White-tailed Spermophile ........ 142 White-throated Wood Rat ....... 285 White-toothed Wood Rat........ 281 moodchucks, 5 c0g:s)irxs)a's/<, « Shee go Wood Hare, Bachman’s ......... 429 Mod Rat... ssuienies cs weer 275 MViood: Rat, Actives... .«ceeeieer 282 Wiiood, Rat, Allentc# oe) aeee ene 297 Wicod Rat, Alston st meee ae 204 Wood Rat, Black-tailed ......... 284 Wood Rat, Ceros Islands: ... 280 Waoed Rat, Cheatimg .. o4-.54.. 7% 295 Wood Rat, Collared,.....: tines soe 279 Niigod Rat, Collector os eames se 280 Wied Rat, Durango «..9ie5 1.008 285 Wood Rat, Dusky-footed ........ 279 Wood Rat, Fulvous-bellied ...... 289 Wood Rat, Gray-faced .......... 207 NWiood Rat, Isthnuiantssee. . ee 287 Wroodwinat, Jiiquslaeawreron:..«cntene 288 Wood Rat, Large-eared ......... 279 Wood Rat, Lower California ..... 283 Wood Bat, Mexican 0% 5 Pan's 282 Wood Rat, Mountain ,..2fr...... 204 Wood Rat, Mount Tancitaro..... 290 Wood Rat, Narrow-headed ...... 285 Wood) Rat, Nelson's ...27..)..0.ne 292 y f INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.) xlix PAGE, PAGE. Wood Rat Ongaba .i..... nee moo.|| Sometla| Mouse i.......)....nom 184 WiGod Rat weaned... a... nee 287 NVOOC) UNevtrm@erOtel icc cio teens Some) Lapock: awa. .'s cgi care ees 3 Wood Rat, Querendaro.......... 282 | Yellow-bellied Whale........... 38, 43 \Wiokoxal tenn, IntloWor-veliy ehh poo oc oe gen | Yohaltun Mouseig. «tamper nec: 177 MWrood: RataRusty (0% 0, sues mec | Yucatan Deerweeien ina ene ues + 3 74 WVOOG) INaltne sine Oa) i. erannneniee 283 | Yucatan Eaten. casi... os 419 Wood Rat, Slender-tailed ........ 226) | Yucatan) Moticemmensnnset cperie «(cs 104 Wood Rat, Small-footed ....1.... a6t | Yucatan Opossititirhyay 4 va ss os 14 Wood Rat, Texolo ..4:; ..: Agee» a78. | Yucatan Peccaty. wem. wilde a> 63 Wood Rat, Todos Santos Island .. 284 | Yucatan Squirrel ............... 125 Wooden, Tropicale. \.. Sameeaw. 288 | Yucatan Tree Porcupine......... 402 Wood Rat, White-throated ...... 285 Wood Rat, White-toothed ....... 281 | Zacatecas Pocket Mouse ......... 361 Wood) Rat,.Zacatecas ......./aiame 290 | Zacatecas, Wood ‘Rate ...... ia 290 WiOUCIBECAIGS Js. c\oqun tes u 0 } Gather By 27O. || CAMOray OMS. cieRe «<5 apie 202 Wood Rats, Naked-tailed ........ Bey | LOPOe Oe ca toate hse s,s tes contre 3 Woolly Opossum, Pale .......... 10 | Zygomata Pocket Gophers....... 330 | . . ay "4 v A NU 3 9044 N INSTITUTION TAIN E MN UT 00430355 4 v.1 The land ang an Hn A of Middl