; mn . MA tetes geen ee . beara beithnnaaes 2 " co intel res ~ Sass am arses : dhe : : atric mamas oA, f q ni Paice arn sy rm. 7 Wh he hed ee its +4 Pen mars mynd Oe : Hore ye, Tew o¢. WH lide Sevan hoy » Tw Pere wiktedaa a DAUD Dig pup * Pu: “ 4 ome rau " om We pe 7 Le oo * . lb erento ted cones ais tee AVaF tee 3 44.y, veemnents Arnie! Pe coma jing eeryenta, riwree, ir onieaniac eterna sans" * wv , yi hentagp Webngen tae! . r PS retgiond bee) Tt tes we pnw S . ete, Rast aeerad UTM etme eres 4 “3 way estey ae . ° LAgles tit 10 ican LAPS negeee meat ts tt Pbrinaks 6 ; " P00 + be a hha of le Wh 0 BW in A te deep Yt Erertee. * Asal WA Sorts peder re tele) ore Ms Ma moe Begs #e ope Anh ph ere Ae te Sol soprgra as 8 iy dp ite: 8 acne eh —- f Pe fbn Repo gy Sed ewny yas ration! 94; Weidner ten be rari he ee aie ae beatis <0 Moriege Neus trm wu itiehe vont? We'Hieohy ts saa agg, iM Marten -*) Sn etvaenae borin ieee Col herae TP*h ee open: Poviewges, iAH titi RHE + . sitats vee SAO We eta 14: “het, evi Sa NON Y iehe Sas eb) m4 Y eta sy, eee ant or? 4. “saa 4 ? ’ . ‘ 4 irae ve ’ ; c +’ Ord wy : ‘ ’ bs ’ ’ x ; tes : bh sae . m ' 4 ‘ ea de vr» a Saale oars ' ‘ . ‘ oo tbe. t, - f : ~ ' . * ‘ 4 we ’ “Sua aa ° * . ¥ J ‘ Hy ' . © b wrvigty Mee 9! - 4 ‘ " ‘ ¢ bare - Af . ‘ “ rg “ a . os , . ‘ ‘ 4 , . vee: Weflierl ts 4 . tt on aoe on i neat taeieinay Seaseres im 5 PP ae ‘ ’ ‘ ’ vwas . SA irdmicth ee ttprhite oo ‘: i oe a f ‘ oe” . whee . x ‘ : : aA . ut ot keg : ‘ A be ey " ae ARG er f =) = = CAL CARD ah urchase a a tt Nas Bi au A Ky rte LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY VoLuME I SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 1932-1936 LIBRAS ¥ NEW YO? BOTANICA! GARDE? , Ads ) He Owned and Published by : ~ Auice Eastwoop AND JoHN THomas Howe. © Printed by THE JAMES H. BARRY COMPANY SAN FRANCISCO ete ie mae Vou. I No. LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY Y CONTENTS The Pittosporums in Californian Gardens and Parks A.ice Eastwoop A New Californian Baeria JoHn THomas Howe. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA , JANUARY 16, 1932 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the native flora of western North America, appearing about four times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. ttt UE A |1 INCHES peDsnnanedgensnysruguncajanayencagssaggonnayteagysuenyuengyr FRU LCALEE HLA Ut es Owned and published by Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomas Howe i wii — a | eee ee Le MAS NGW YORE ; ~ 4 4 } , rae iro SIA i | ead Aol 6} USL VTi LA wal. 4QTANIGA ww VAN ZO 1932 GARDEM THE PITTOSPORUMS IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS AND PARKS BY ALICE EASTWOOD This genus of plants consists of trees and shrubs with alter- nate or whorled leaves without stipules. The flowers are in the axils of the leaves or in terminal clusters generally sur- rounded by the leaves; the sepals, petals, and stamens are five, inserted on the receptacle. The pod is woody, splitting into two, three or, rarely, four valves with the seeds attached to the sides and immersed in a viscid fluid. The genus is widely distributed, being found in the Cape region, South Africa, islands of the Pacific, New Zealand and Australia, Japan, China, India, and Canary Islands. The name is derived from the Greek and means pitch seed; it is pronounced Pitt6sporum. la. 1b. iro Zar (la). 2b. 3a (2a). 3b. 4a (3a). 4b. Sa (3b). 5b. 6a (2b). 6b. 6c 7a (6b). 7b. KEY TO THE SPECIES Corolla salverform, claws of petals conniving to form a tube, blades spreading to reflexed................-.....--..-- 2 Corolla open-bell-shaped, claws of petals conniving fee iad 2251 cgi 02 1-1 RR OU A RO en Mer eeree RARER Sa 11 Corolla star-shaped, petals spreading; flowers ri jakeatoy 0)! (Ope Ment Mega! {A ORSON GaARENaN Sk SOO ROR SID 2 Pee ee ed 12 Goroliz’ dark crimson? or purple...215.4- hese 3 Corolla cream-white or yellow ........0....0.22...ccscceeeeeeee ee 6 Leaves densely white-downy beneath, green above.... 4 peaves: green’ of both sides. o2 ee 5 Leaves broadest at top, tapering to the stalk......00.00....... Debi ha he Lele tie a Le ABA We eR RY NA 1. P. crassifolium Leaves equal at top and bottom...........00.......... 2. P. Ralphii Leaves whorled at end of branches; flowers dull POTATO Opt coetuaNet ase cupeaeeniacotbeoeees 3. P. cornifolium Leaves not whorled; flowers generally axillary, dark DUTple Se cle tea Ne tee 4. P. tenuifolium Flowers in small heads on bare branches....................... SUPA Fe BE UI OE SD Re SEA PE 5. P. cauliflorum PCa i bol 1 epee aD ie A TERR UMRAO SoM eS 7 Flowers ‘at’ erid. of ‘leafy ' brancheés:.)../3... 2.2000. 8 Shrub or tree with drooping branches; flowers yellow pe BU TUR tala Bt eS He! Wie Ora SEE ARM We LEE 6. P. phillyraoides Erect shrub or tree; flowers yellow and purple............ OVP oo ee LR oN EERE etl WED SEE 2121 Se? VEEL te Oe 7. P. bicolor Leafl. West. Bot., vol. 1, pp. 1-8, Jan. 16, 1932. 2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I Se ocp, jeuourers (ant Umibela cs 3) ie os 8 eee ae 9 8b. Flowers not in umbels, yellow............0.....ccc:ccccsccssssesencorsees 10 9a (8a). Flowers many; petals white, turning yellow.................. pcceees ah a atey Bo aes AUPE ns hah hirs o oes 8. P. Tobira 9b. Flowers few, petals cream-color with red claws............ HSS EE Tea | PRS Be eet Bie Sd Mr et SR Ak 9. P. erioloma 9c. Flowers few, on thread-like stalks, petals yellow.......... REPRE ERE NNN Spd Et AG OAL TS Oe 10. P. heterophyllum 10a (8b). Flowers many, in pyramidal panicles........00.000000000... Bal ve Nest caletgd. ove toni tat OL ERG HY us eee acae here ee 11. P. eriocarpum 10b. Flowers few, in nodding racemes.............. 12. P. revolutum lla (1b). Flowers greenish-yellow, in many-flowered clusters ETASIEY tf Sipe URW Ret he Ua TORE ODT YN ENT 13. P. daphniphylloides 11b. Flowers cream-white, clusters loosely flowered............ CLEA ltt tes tae Se ee Es ein SPATE RUSE 2 14. P. undulatum I1c. Flowers pale yellow, on thread-like stalks at end of ranches. a) a ee eee 15. P. truncatum Iza Ue)... Flower-clusters flat-topped) .:..0:)) 0 oe ee 13 12b. Flower-clusters not flat-topped.:..:...)4...00.4 cee 14 13a (12a). Flowers white; leaves dentate................ 16. P. rhombifolium 13b. Flowers pale yellow, generally unisexual; leaves un- itlates.:.-00.0 Biri st eres leone aa ee 17. P. eugenioides 14a (12b). Flowers greenish, in roundish clusters..................-..-- pS eee APRA TR et Penh ae KVR 18. P. viridiflorum 14b. Flowers greenish-yellow, in pyramidal clusters............ } pee adel Adalat dl Sauaee oe el 19. P. floribundum P. bicolor, 7. P. eugenioides, 17. P. rhombifolium, 16. P. caulifiorum, 5. P. floribundum, 19. P. tenuifolium, 4. P. cornifolium, 3. P. heterophyllum, 10. P. Tobira, 8. P. crassifolium, 1. P. phillyreoides, 6. P. truncatum, 15. P. daphniphylloides, 13 P. Ralphii, 2. P. undulatum, 14. P. eriocarpum, 11 P. revolutum, 12. P. viridiflorum, 18. P. erioloma, 9. 1, PrrrosporuM crassiroLium A. Cunn. Figured in Kirk’s Forest Fl. New Zeal., V, pl. 14. Tree or shrub with white-downy branches, becoming black when old. Leaves obovate, 5-8 cm. long, tapering to a short petiole; upper surface green; lower densely white-downy; margin entire. Flowers dark red-crimson, three to ten on drooping pedicels in terminal clusters; sepals white-downy, pointed, 6-7 mm. long; petals 12 mm. long, the spreading or recurving blades as long as the claws; anthers yellow, in the throat of the corolla. Pod roundish, about 2 cm. long, white-downy, valves three or four, yellow within; seeds black. Native of New Zealand. Common in cultivation. 2. Prrrosporum Ravpuu T. Kirk. This is similar to the preceding, but can be readily distinguished by the shape of the leaves. In P. Ralphii they are elliptic-oblong, obtuse at base and apex and about the same width throughout, while in P. crassifolium the leaves are broadest at the obtuse apex, gradually narrowing to the short petiole. JANUARY, 1932] PITTOSPORUMS IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS) 3 The pods are smaller in P. Ralphii. This was introduced by the New Zealand exhibition at the Exposition in 1915 in San Francisco. Golden Gate Park. Native of New Zealand. 3. PitTrosPoRUM CORNIFOLIUM R. Cunn. Shrub with spreading branches and leaves whorled at the ends and junction of the branch- lets. Leaves brownish-green, oblong-lanceolate, tapering at both ends and almost sessile, 3-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, margin entire, smooth. Flowers unisexual, dull purple, 1-3 on slender stems about 5 mm. long; petals linear-lanceolate, nearly 1 cm. long, recurving at the pointed tips; sepals linear and spreading. Pods small, dark brown, with inner surface of valves bright orange; seeds blackish- purple. Native of New Zealand. It is rarely cultivated in California. 4. PirrosPoRUM TENUIFOLIUM Banks and Solander. Figured in Kirk’s Forest Fl. of New Zeal., pl. 46. Tree or shrub with almost black bark. Leaves oblong, obovate or elliptical, variable in shape and size, somewhat pubescent when young, becoming smooth in age, apex and base obtuse or acute, margin entire or wavy, petiole short. Flowers dark purple, fragrant, generally axillary, but in some bushes in small clusters at the ends of the branchlets, peduncles and sepals smooth or downy, the latter sometimes spreading but more often reflexed, pointed, margin ciliate, generally half as long as the corolla- tube; claws of petals forming a tube much lighter in color than the black-purple blades, these spreading or strongly reflexed; anthers yellow, in the throat of the corolla. Pod either smooth or downy, splitting into three valves with black seeds. This is grown as a tree or a hedge plant. It is very common in Golden Gate Park, and is variable. In the trade this is listed as P. nigrum because of the dark stems and the darker green leaves. A native of New Zealand. 5. PirrospoRUM CAULIFLORUM Mann. Tree or shrub with large veiny leaves clustered at the ends of bare branches; these and lower surface of leaves brown-downy. Flowers cream-color, about 8 mm. long in small heads on short stems growing on the old wood. Pod flattened, 3-4 cm. across, roundish and 4-ridged, woody, exterior dark brown, interior of valves orange; seeds black. Native of Hawaii. Golden Gate Park. 6. PrrrospoRUM PHILLyR£oIDEs DC, Small tree or climbing shrub with slender drooping branches. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, sharply hook-pointed at apex, narrowed at base to a short petiole, hairy when young, becoming smooth when old. Flowers yellow, often unisexual, single or several, in the leaf axils on thread-like pedicels about as long as the flowers; sepals very small, soon de- ciduous; claws of petals conniving to form a tube 6-8 mm. long, 3-veined, blades reflexed, 3 mm. long, darker than the tube. Pod about 1 cm. in diameter, splitting into two valves with few orange- red seeds. Native of Australia. It is not uncommon in gardens in southern California. 4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VvoL. I 7. Pirrosporum sicotor Hook. Figured in Gartenflora, pl. 15, as P. discolor Regel. Small tree or shrub with brown-downy branches. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, almost sessile, margin revolute, smooth above, white-downy beneath. Flowers unisexual, axillary or few and clustered at ends of leafy branches; flower-stems long, thread-like, and drooping; petals purple and yellow, about 1 cm. long, spreading from about the middle; sepals reflexed 5 mm. long. Pods rounded, compressed, 1 cm. broad, splitting into two valves; seeds black. Native of Aus- tralia. Mosswood Park, Oakland, and Golden Gate Park. 8. PuirrosporuM TosiraA Dryand. Figured in Bot. Mag., pl. 396. Shrub with spreading branches. Leaves obovate, entire, strongly revolute, smooth, upper surface darker than the lower, midrib promi- nent, apex obtuse or retuse, base tapering to a short petiole 1 cm. long, blade 7 cm. long. Flowers white, turning yellow, very fragrant, in almost sessile umbels at ends of branches, much shorter than the clustered subtending leaves, pedicels simple or sometimes with one or two branches, puberulent, 15 mm. long; sepals united at base, deciduous, about as long as the connivent claws of the petals, ovate, unequal; corolla almost 2 cm. across, the blades oblong, obtuse, spreading, flat, a little longer than the claws. Pods becoming dark brown and rough externally, valves 3, the inner surface straw color; seeds red. Native of China and Japan. This and the variegated variety were introduced into Californian gardens over seventy-five years ago and are common in cultivation. 9. PitrosporuM ERIOLOMA Moore and Mueller. Shrub with spread- ing branches. Leaves spatulate to obovate, densely clustered, taper- ing at base and almost sessile, strongly revolute, smooth, upper surface dark green, lower paler. Flowers large, more than 1 cm. long, terminal and few in sessile umbels, the pedicels recurved in fruit; sepals reflexed; corolla cream-white about 1 cm. across, with reddish claws almost 1 cm. long. Pod warty-wrinkled, dark brown or black, roundish, 2 cm. in diameter, valves 3; seeds black. Native of Lord Howe Island. It is used as a hedge shrub in Golden Gate Park. 10. PirrospoRUM HETEROPHYLLUM Franch, Figured Pl. Delavayi pl. 18, not seen. Shrub with smooth, spreading, slender branches. Leaves from lanceolate to rhomboid, smooth, paler on lower sur- face, tapering at both ends, petiole short. Flowers yellowish, few at ends of branches on erect thread-like stems, becoming 1-2 cm. long, closely surrounded by the leaves; sepals half as long as the claws of the petals; petals linear-oblong, 5 mm. long, blades erect, rounded, 1 mm. wide. Pod small, orbicular, 6 mm. in diameter, valves 2 or 3, black; seeds unknown, Native of western Sechuan, China. Specimens from several gardens compared with E. H. Wil- son, No. 1146, distributed from the Arnold Arboretum. JANUARY, 1932] PITTOSPORUMS IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS 5 11. PitrosporuM ERIOcARPUM Royle. Figured in Bot. Mag., pl. 7423. A small tree or shrub with spreading branches and all parts clothed with a yellow down. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, pointed at both ends, 10-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, petiole 3-4 cm. long, margin entire, above almost smooth, beneath very veiny and brown-downy. Flowers numerous, yellow, fragrant, in a large pyramidal panicle, 6 dm. high and almost sessile; sepals spreading, half the length of the claws of the petals, these 7 mm. long, blades spreading, 6 mm. across. Pods compressed, roundish, downy, valves brown on out- side, yellow within, almost 15 mm. across. Seeds many, red. Native of western Himalaya Mountains. It is in several gardens in Santa Barbara as P. ferrugineum. 12. Prrrosporum REvoLUTUM Ait. Figured in Bot. Reg., pl. 186. Shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptical or elliptical-oblong, tapering at base to a short petiole, apex acute, 5-10 cm. long, upper surface smooth, lower clothed with a brown down when young, becoming smoother with age, margin entire or slightly wavy. Flowers sometimes soli- tary or in nodding corymbose racemes subtended by the closely clustered leaves, stems and bracts brown-downy; sepals lanceolate 5 mm. long, reflexed, lower surface downy, upper smooth, 3-veined; petals with claws conniving to form an urn-shaped tube about 1 cm. long, yellowish, smooth, veiny, blades reflexed, oblong, 5 mm. long and wide. Pod dark brown and rough on the outside, 1-2 cm. in diameter; seeds numerous, red, contrasting beautifully with the bright yellow interior of the valves. Native of Australia. Not common in cultivation, but more frequent in southern than in northern California. 13. PrrrosPoRUM DAPHNIPHYLLOIDES Hayata. Figured in Icon. PI. Formosa, vol. 7, pl. 2. Shrub. Leaves oblong to elliptical, 10 cm. or more long, pointed at both ends on a petiole 2-3 cm. long, smooth, veiny, margin entire or slightly wavy. Flowers greenish-yellow, less than 7 mm. long, in large clusters 7-8 cm. across surrounded by the leaves; petals with spreading blades as long as the claws. Pods small, less than 1 cm. across, valves dark brown on the outside, yellow within, roundish; seeds red, two or three. Native of western Sechuan, China, where it was collected by E. H. Wilson. Western Nursery (Charles Abraham), San Francisco. Nursery of E. O. Orpet, Santa Barbara. Golden Gate Park. 14. PitrrosporuM UNDULATUM Vent. Figured in Bot. Reg., pl. 16. Tree or shrub and used for hedges. Leaves oblong, elliptic or lan- ceolate, 8-15 cm. long, apex acute, tapering at base to a petiole about 2 cm. long, glossy and smooth except for a slight downiness near the petiole when young, margin entire to undulate. Flowers fragrant, cream-white, in loosely flowered umbellate clusters sur- rounded and surpassed by the leaves, bracts very small, surround- ing the pedicels; sepals lanceolate-acuminate, tips spreading in bud, soon falling; petals with spreading blades about as long as the claws, about 1.5 cm.; stamens and style exserted from the throat of the 6 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. I corolla. Pod orbicular, as large as a small cherry, bright orange, splitting into two or three valves with red seeds. This seems to bloom continuously in Golden Gate Park; it is in flower and fruit at the same time. Native of Australia and introduced into Cali- fornian gardens over seventy-five years ago. Common in cultivation. 15. Purrrosporum TrRuNcATUM E, Pritz. Figured in Hook. Icon., pl. 1579. Shrub. Leaves rhombic with acute apex and base, taper- ing to a short downy petiole, margin entire, smooth on both sides and veiny. Flowers small in few-flowered, cymosely umbellate clus- ters, sessile at the ends of the branchlets; sepals oblong, acute, small, spreading but not reflexed; petals with claws forming a bell-shaped corolla, blades orbicular, veiny, reflexed; stamens and pistil exserted from the throat of the corolla. Pods two-valved, dark brown, trun- cate; seeds yellow. Native of China. This is cultivated at the Hunt- ington Botanic Garden at San Marino, Pasadena, where it is known as P. coriaceum. It agrees exactly with specimens of P. truncatum in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, collected by E. H. Wilson, No. 650, western Hupeh, Expedition to China, 1907-09, distributed by the Arnold Arboretum. 16. PitrosPoRUM RHOMBIFOLIUM A. Cunn. Figured in Hook. Icon., pl. 621. Tree. Leaves rhombic, tapering at base and apex, bright green, smooth on both surfaces, margin toothed above the middle, 8-10 cm. long, petiole about 2-5 cm. long. Flowers small, white, in terminal, flat-topped, dense, compound corymbs, smooth, without bracts; sepals ovate, obtuse, very small, erect; petals white, spread- ing, about 8 mm. long, with very short claws, blades oblong to obovate, veiny; stamens and pistil exserted; ovary tomentose at base, tapering to a style as long as the ovary and persistent on the bright yellow fruit. Pod pear-shaped or globular, about 5 mm. long; seeds black. Native of Australia. There is one tree in Golden Gate Park, near the Haight Street entrance. It is extensively cultivated in southern California. 17. Prrrosporum eucEeNiowes A. Cunn. Figured in Kirk’s Forest Fl., N. Zeal., pl. 49. Tree or shrub, often used as a hedge shrub. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 4-8 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, light green and glossy above, paler beneath, margin strongly wavy, petiole about 1 cm. long. Flowers small, pale yellow, usually unisexual, fragrant, in many-flowered, roundish or flat-topped clusters closely surrounded by the leaves; petals linear and spreading, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, sepals half as long. Pod ovoid, acute, small, black, valves 2-5; seeds black. Native of New Zealand; native name, Taratoo. Common in cultivation. 18. PrirrosporuM virRIDIFLORUM Sims. Figured in Bot. Mag., pl. 1684. Shrub, with spreading branches. Leaves obovate to oblanceo- late, 5-10 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, apex retuse, obtuse or acute, taper- ing at base to a finely downy petiole, smooth on both sides, veiny. Flowers small, yellowish-green, fragrant, in roundish, densely flowered JANUARY, 1932] A NEW CALIFORNIAN BAERIA 7 clusters surrounded and surpassed by the leaves; sepals ovate, 1 mm. long, soon falling; petals spreading, linear-oblong, 5 mm. long, mar- gins ciliate near the base. Pod about as large as a small pea, split- ting into two or three rough brown valves with red seeds. Native of the Cape region, Africa, and introduced by’ Mrs. Ellwood Cooper, at Ellwood, Santa Barbara County. It is rather common in Santa Barbara gardens. 19. PirrospoRUM FLORIBUNDUM Wright and Arn. Small tree or shrub with spreading, slightly pubescent branches. Leaves lanceo- late, pointed at both ends, about 20 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, upper surface darker than the lower, very veiny, margin crisp-wavy, petiole 1-2 cm. long. Flowers greenish-yellow, numerous in a large, pyramidal cluster 10 cm. or more long, surrounded by the leaves; sepals small; petals spreading, linear, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; ovary downy, half as long as the style. Pods not seen but described as smooth, about 8 mm. in diameter with few seeds; color not given. Native of India. It is known in California only from plants in the nursery of E. O. Orpet, Santa Barbara, determined by Dr. Alfred Rehder at the Arnold Arboretum. A NEW CALIFORNIAN BAERIA BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Baeria Bakeri J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba perennis; radicibus fasciculatis tenuiter fusiformibus; caulibus solitariis vel raro pluribus, stricte erectis, simplicibus vel paucis ramis, 2.5-4 dm. altis, leviter pubescentibus; foliis inferioribus multis, linearibus, 10-12 cm. longis, 0.1-0.2 cm. latis, basi tenuibus ciliatis; foliis caulinis oppositis, lineari- bus, ciliatis, basi connatis; capitulis solitariis in pedunculis elongatis, 1.5 cm. latis; squamis involucri 2-serialibus, ovatis vel ovato-ellipticis, pubescentibus, 5 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. latis; receptaculis conoideis, papilloso-muricatis, 3 mm. altis; floribus radii 9-12, luteis, rubescenti- bus, 8 mm. longis; floribus disci multis, 2.5 mm. longis; acheniis tenuiter turbinatis, 2.5 mm. longis, scabro-pubescentibus; paleis 1, 2, vel nullis. Plant perennial; roots fascicled, slender-fusiform; stems solitary or rarely several from the root-crown, strictly erect, simple or spar- ingly branched, 2.5-4 dm. tall, slightly pubescent; lower leaves numerous and congested at the ground, linear, 10-12 cm. long, 0.1-0.2 cm. wide, the slender, petiole-like base bristly-ciliate; cauline leaves opposite, linear, ciliate, connate at base; heads solitary on elongated peduncles, 1.5 cm. broad; involucral bracts in two series, ovatish to elliptic, pubescent, 5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; receptacle conical, papillate-roughened, 3 mm. high; ray-flowers 9-12, yellow, becoming 8 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I maroon in age, 8 mm. long; disk-flowers many, 2.5 mm. long; achenes_ slender-turbinate, somewhat compressed, 2.5 mm. long, scabrous-pubescent with upwardly appressed hairs; pappus present as one or two bristles 2 mm. long, or lacking. Meadowy open in the forest on the coastal plain of Mendo- cino County, California, six miles south of Point Arena: M. S. Baker No. 5283 (in flower, June 26, 1931; type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 189,087); J. T. Howell No. 8099 (in fruit, September 27, 1931; Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 189,086). It is a pleasure to associate with this Baeria the name of its discoverer, Mr. Milo S. Baker, professor of botany at the Santa Rosa Junior College, one who is finding much of botanical interest in the diversified regions adjacent to Santa Rosa. The plant is clearly related to B. macrantha Gray, but differs from that species in its fascicled roots, strictly erect habit, numerous narrow basal leaves, smaller heads, and small pubescent achenes (the achenes in B. macrantha being generally glabrous). The plants are common at the locality cited above, but have not been found elsewhere. They grow in a low swale or bordering it with such perennial herbs as Eryngium armatum and Solidago spathulata, and with such trees and shrubs as Pinus muri- cata, Salix lasiolepis, Myrica californica, Rhamnus californica, Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, Gaultheria Shallon, and Arctostaphylos columbiana. ZYGOPHYLLUM Fapaco L. Mrs. Margaret P. Bellue, Seed Analyst, California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, has recently sent for identification specimens of the above spe- cies from Hamlin, Stanislaus County. It is a native of Syria and adjacent regions and belongs to the same family as the Puncture Weed, Tribulus terrestris L., but lacks the obnoxious character of the latter.—A. E. OXALIS CERNUA THUNB, This yellow oxalis from the Cape region, Africa, has become very common near Colma, San Mateo County. Some cabbage fields are golden when it is in flower, suggesting the inaccurate common name, Bermuda Buttercup.—A. E. oe Q Vourt No. 2 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY & CONTENTS PAGE Bottle-Brushes in Californian Gardens and Parks.............0.0...... 9 ALIcE Eastwoop rae mel at Cy Mtanl -WEOIIEIA’..s 2-0: eon ho cccelt 8c oec deheedten/ cobococtates 11 ALIcE EAstTwoop SESE CARRS ET NGL J SES A Ry a RO Pe 11 Joun THomas HoweLi Puente VV Ofty: Gio Otero i ee ee 14 JoHN THomMaAs HoweELi Prentiss L.englia- ine Californian c:.-.v.0cc see Ree ee 16 ALICE EAsTwoop SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Apri 4, 1932 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the native flora of western North America, appearing about four times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. Cited as LEAFL. West. Bor. pliiquit INCHES US RO ee AL A MARR A ea A Owned and published by Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomaAs Howe. Shy YOCRR BOTANICAL C4 DER APRIL, 1932] BOTTLE-BRUSHES IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS 9 BOTTLE-BRUSHES IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS AND PARKS BY ALICE EASTWOOD Bottle-brushes are trees or shrubs belonging to the Myrtle Family and to the division with woody seed-pods. These seed- pods have several partitions or cells and discharge the seeds through openings at the top. To the numerous and conspicuous stamens the beauty of the flowers is due, the calyx and corolla being inconspicuous. An aromatic fragrance pervades the foli- age from oil glands which are usually visible. This branch of the family is almost restricted to Australia and is represented there by numerous genera and species, Eucalyptus the best known. Bottle-brush is a most appropriate name derived from the peculiar manner of flowering. The flowers are thickly clus- tered and sessile. With the exception of one genus they sur- round the stem and are followed by woody seed-pods that persist long after the stamens have fallen. New leaves appear either with the flowers or after flowering, growing out of the spike. In many species they are as decorative as the flowers. Five genera are cultivated in California, but at present only two, Callistemon and Melaleuca, are common. They should be more generally grown both for their beauty and their slight cultural requirements. They come from a country of little rain and when once established will take care of themselves. Key TO THE GENERA la. Flowers on one side of stem only....................-- 1. Calothamnus 1b. Blowers Surrounding thenstemi.. <2 sess ee ee een 2 2a (1b). Seeds 1 or 2 in each division of the pod; rare....................-.-- 3 2b. Seeds many in each division; common...........22.2-.--..-.:--00-------- 4 3a (2a). Stamens with anther-cells divaricately spreading.................. 2. Beaufortia 3b. Stamens with anther-cells erect, back to back.......... 3. Regelia 4a (2b). Stamens all separate; leaves alternate............... 4. Callistemon 4b. Stamens united in 4 or 5 bundles on long or short claws; leaves opposite or alternate...............-0.-0..0--0.---- 5. Melaleuca 1. CALOTHAMNUS Calothamnus is distinguished from the other bottle-brushes by the flowers on only one side of the stem. In our species the leaves Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. I, No. 2, pp. 9-16, April 4, 1932. 10 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. 2 are very narrowly linear or thread-like. The stamens are bright red in four bundles with the claws as long as or longer than the fila- ments. The chief differences in the three species in cultivation are found in pubescence, the size of the ovary, and the pods. The name comes from the Greek and means beautiful bush. CALOTHAMNUs QuapriFipus R. Br. Figured in Bot. Mag., pl. 1506. Smooth except a few scattered white hairs on the youngest leaves. Leaves 15-30 mm. long dense and generally erect. Stamens 30 mm. long on a flowering axis 4-10 cm. long. Ovary 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. The most commonly cultivated. CALOTHAMNUS ASPER Turcz. Clothed throughout with fine white spreading hairs. Leaves dense, 20-30 mm. long. Ovary 7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide. Cultivated in nursery of Golden Gate Park and in Hugh Evans’ place, Santa Monica. CALOTHAMNUS TORULOSUS Schau. Smooth throughout. Leaves dense, spreading, 5 cm. long. Stamens about 25 mm. long with two of the claws sometimes united. Pod almost globular 15 mm. long and wide, surmounted by four erect woody calyx divisions. Collected in fruit at the Bard place, Hueneme, Ventura County. Hugh Evans has it also on his place at Santa Monica. 2. BEAUFORTIA BEAUFORTIA PURPUREA Lindl. Figured in Lindl. App. Swan Riv. Bot. Reg., pl. 3a. Smooth shrub with erect branches. Leaves oppo- site, erect, sessile, lanceolate, 10-12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, 5-nerved. Flowers bluish-purple in globose heads 2 cm. in diameter, terminat- ing slender branchlets, the new shoots developing from the head after flowering. Stamens in five bundles 8-10 mm. long, the claws about as long as the filaments, white downy; anthers small, the cells divaricately spreading. The genus is named in honor of the Duchess of Beaufort, a patron of Botany. In cultivation in California it is known only in the nursery of Golden Gate Park. 3. REGELIA REGELIA CILIATA Schau. Figured in Bot. Mag., pl. 6100. A straggly, twiggy shrub, becoming dense and roundish, somewhat white hairy. Leaves overlapping in four ranks, densely clothing the stem, orbicu- lar, sessile, 4 mm. wide, recurving, 5-nerved, with evident oil glands. Flowers rose-purple in globose heads about 2 cm. in diameter, the new shoots developing from the heads of flowers, the axis white- woolly. Stamens in five bundles, 8 mm. long, the claws a little longer than the filaments; anthers with cells erect and back to back. It is named in honor of E. Regel, a noted German botanist. In California is is cultivated only in Golden Gate Park and in Hugh Evans’ place, Santa Monica. (To be continued) APRIL, 1932] A NEW CALIFORNIAN MONTIA 11 A NEW CALIFORNIAN MONTIA BY ALICE EASTWOOD Montia alpina Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis glabra: radicibus et caulibus subterraneis fasciculatis: foliis ovatis ovalisve 20-35 mm. longis, 15-25 mm. latis, obtusis, basi cuneatis; petiolis 8-12 cm. longis, saepe rubescentibus: floribus in umbellis simplicibus com- positisve; pedunculis et pedicellis 2-6 cm. longis; bracteis 2, inequali- bus, separatis, oblongis vel orbicularibus, 5-10 cm. latis: sepalis ovalis vel orbiculatis, rubescentibus, 6 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis: corollis albis, basi rosaceis: petalis oblongis, obtusis, 8 mm. longis, unguisi- bus 1 mm. longis et latis: antheris sagittatis: ovario orbiculato, sepalis circumdato. This Montia is about 10-12 cm. above ground with the lower stems and roots in a tangled mass below ground. The petioles and flowering stems are long and lax, reddish and smooth, the blades of the leaves are from broadly oval to ovate, tapering cuneately to the petiole. The flowers are in simple or partially compound umbels, with two variable separate involucral bracts. The corolla is about 1 cm. across, white with pink center. It belongs to the group of which Montia perfoliata is the best known; but differs from other members of the group in the habit of growth and large size of the flowers. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 189,088, collected and donated by Mrs. H. P. Bracelin, No. 526. The plant was found in a cold spring on the northwest slope of Mount Dana at 11,000-11,500 feet on August 5, 1931. It grew “in a solid mass, roots closely entangled. Plants about six inches high. Flower white with a pink center.” NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Calochortus superbus Purdy (in herb.), spec. nov. Bulbis parvis, non vel leviter fibrosis; caulibus 3-6 dm. altis, basi bulbulo uno; follis basi fere 2-4, circa 2 dm. longis; floribus campanulatis, erectis; sepalis apicibus attenuatis; petalis obovato-cuneatis, 4-6 mm. longis, eburneis vel caesientibus, macula purpureo-fusca circumdata luteo; glandibus non depressis, inverse v-formatis, velatis simplicibus pilis; antheris oblongis, 7-10 mm. longis; capsulis non alatis, lanceolato- linearibus, attenuatis in tenuem stylum. Bulb small, the outer coat chartaceous or only slightly fibrous; stem 3-6 dm. tall, erect, unbranched and bearing a single flower or branched above to form a loose, several-flowered panicle, producing 12 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. 2 1 bulblet just below the ground; basal leaves 2-4, about 2 dm. long; flower campanulate, erect; sepals lanceolate, the slender-attenuate tips far exceeding the petals in bud, nearly equalling the petals in anthesis, creamy-white shaded with purplish pencilling, with a cen- tral purple-brown spot circumbanded by yellow; petals obovate- cuneate, 4-6 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. broad, creamy-white, strongly shaded with greyish-lavender, with a central triangular or arched purple- brown spot surrounded by yellow, below this and to the gland flecked and dashed with purple-brown, glabrous except for a few scattered hairs near the gland, the outer edge undulate-denticulate, sometimes shortly apiculate; gland not depressed, inverted v-shaped, the sharp acute angle pointing to upper edge of petal, closely covered with simple, yellowish hairs; anthers cream-color, oblongish, obtuse at both ends, 7-10 mm. long; capsule immature, not winged, 5 cm. long, lanceolate-linear, gradually attenuate from near the base into a beak-like style. Hell Hollow near Bagby, Merced River Canyon, Mariposa County, Branson in 1929 (type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 163,519 and 163,518). Calochortus superbus var. pratensis Purdy (in herb.), var. nov. C. luteus var. robustus Purdy, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 2:139 (1901). C. venustus var. robustus Hort., loc. cit. Caulis basi 3-5 bulb- ulis; petalis late obovato-cuneatis vel subflabelliformibus, 2.5-3.5 cm. longis. Stem producing 3-5 bulblets at base; petals broadly obovate- cuneate to subflabelliform, 2.5-3.5 cm. long. Grassy open in pine-oak forest, five miles from Mariposa on road to Briceburg, Mariposa County, J. T. Howell No. 6675 (type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 188,423). Other collections of the variety are: Wawona Valley, Mariposa County, J. T. Howell No. 130; Berkeley Recreation Camp, Tuolumne County, Duckles in 1930. Calochortus superbus seems most closely related to C. luteus Dougl. The present species, however, is never yellow-flowered and can be distinguished from that and other related species by the peculiar inverted v-shaped gland. It is not uncommon in the higher Sierra Nevada foothills of the Yosemite region and northward to Placer County along the lower edge of the Transition Zone. In this region it is characterized by the two variations published here. The species with a large fine flower is characteristic of the mineralized country of the foothill belt according to Mr. Purdy, while the variety with the notably smaller flower is found only in moist meadows at slightly APRIL, 1932] NEW CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 13 higher elevations. The species has been known to the writer since the summer of his first botanical collecting, when, in 1923, the Wawona specimens were found in a grassy meadow near the South Fork of the Merced River. At the time the distinctive character of the gland was noted in his field record. Mr. Carl Purdy of Ukiah, California, has kindly granted per- mission to publish these names, which he has had in manu- script for several years. Eriogonum argillosum J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba annua, 1-3 dm. alta; caulibus rotundis levibus glabratis vel arachnoideo- tomentellis; foliis oblongis, 1-3 cm. longis, 3-12 mm. latis, petiolis 1-3.5 cm. longis, tomentellis supra, pallidis arachnoideisque subter, foliis superis nodis minoribus vel ad bracteas deminuitis; pedicellis glabris, 5-40 mm. longis; involucris turbinatis, glabris, 3 mm. longis, leviter angulatis basi, scariosis sub sinibus, 5-dentatis, dentibus brevissimis vel circa 1 mm. longis; bracteolis intra involucrum fili- formibus, plumosis; segmentis perianthii oblongis vel oblongo-oblan- ceolatis, 1.5 mm. longis, circa equalibus, segmentis externis leviter latioribus, obtusis, integris crenulatisve, albis roseisve, cum fusca costa; staminibus equalibus perianthio; acheniis circa 2.5 mm. longis. Annual, 1-3 dm. tall; stems round, smooth, glabrous or arachnoid- tomentellous; leaves oblong, 1-3 cm. long, 3-12 mm. wide, on peti- oles 1-3.5 cm. long, tomentellous above, paler and arachnoid beneath, the leaves at the upper nodes smaller or reduced to bracts; pedicels glabrous, 5-40 mm. long; involucres turbinate, glabrous, 3 mm. high, somewhat 5-angled at base, scarious below the sinuses, 5-toothed, the teeth very short or nearly 1 mm. long; bractlets within the invo- lucre filiform, plumose; perianth-segments oblong to oblong-oblan- ceolate, 1.5 mm. long, nearly equal, the outer a little broader than the inner, obtuse, entire or crenulate, white or rose with a dark midrib; stamens equalling the perianth; fruit about 2.5 mm. long. Arid slope of shallow clay from disintegrating shale, Poncho Rico Canyon, 6.6 miles east of San Bernardo, Monterey County, California, J. T. Howell No. 5999 (type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 190,672). Other collections: canyon of the San Benito River, fourteen miles south of Hollister, San Benito County, H. L. Mason in 1930; clay soil of open hillside, eleven miles from Hernandez at head of Bitterwater Valley, San Benito County, J. T. Howell No. 6020. In the subgenus Ganysma, this Eriogonum differs in a marked way from all known species. It is related to those spe- cies which have leaves at the upper nodes, perhaps most nearly to E. gracillimum Wats. From that species E. argillosum differs 14 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. 2 in its non-angled stems, its long-petioled leaves, its green-ribbed, turbinate involucres, and its glabrous perianth. From E. angu- losum Benth. and its relatives, both £. gracillimum and E. argil- losum differ in the similarity of their outer and inner segments of the perianth. While the other species related to it generally grow in loose and sandy soils, E. argillosum grows on clay slopes, and it is from this fact that the specific name has been derived. PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE—I BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL PILULARIA AMERICANA A. Br. As the water recedes and dries from shallow depressions on the floor of the interior valley of California, beds of low, colorful annuals arise for a short season of beauty. In this society, especially where it occupies or borders the edge of an extra deep rain-pool, a fre- quent, unsuspected associate is the American Pillwort, that ally of the ferns which produces its spores in small hairy spheroids at the surface of the ground. This plant sometimes forms a dense green turf which simulates one composed of a diminutive grass or sedge in an alpine meadow. Because of their grass- like appearance such patches are rarely investigated and as a result that which is perhaps a rather common plant in the rain- pool flora of California, has been but little collected. In the last few seasons the following collections of Pilularia from central California have been added to the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences: Willows, Glenn County, Eastwood No. 10,198 ; Morgan Hill, Santa Clara County, J. T. Howell No. 5195; Valley Springs, Calaveras County, J. T. Howell No. 4709; near Escalon, San Joaquin County, J. T. Howell No. 4683; near Merced, Merced County, J. T. Howell No. 4176; Los Banos Bird Reserve, Merced County, Eastwood No. 17,966. DENTARIA CUNEATA GREENE, Pitt. 3:123, 1896. (Carda- mine cuneata Greene, Bull, Cal. Acad. Sci. 1:74, 1885.) Visi- tors to the Vancouver Pinnacles in San Benito County, California, in the early spring will find this dainty toothwort on shaded slopes of the main canyon. Those who might notice it more closely will discover that, while it bears a generic resem- APRIL, 1932] PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE 15 blance to the toothworts so abundant in the region farther to the north, the flowers are somewhat smaller and the basal and cauline leaves are cleft and broken into numerous small seg- ments. In fact these finely divided leaf-blades are the most distinctive character of this species. While sometimes the basal leaves are only simply pinnate, more frequently they are twice divided and form a fern-like base for the flowers. This Dentaria is not uncommon in moist canyons of hills and mountains on either side of the northern Salinas Valley. It was first described from the collection made in the Santa Lucia Mountains near Jolon, Monterey County, by Dr. E. L. Greene, the type being in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. Other collections in the Academy herbarium are: Mansfield’s Ranch near King City, Monterey County, Eastwood No. 4019; Stone Canyon, thirteen miles east of the Salinas Valley, Monterey County, J. T. Howell No. 5968; Vancouver Pinnacles, San Benito County, J. T. Howell No. 4618; San Benito River Canyon, eight miles north of Hernandez, San Benito County, J. T. Howell No. 6033. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS MEDIA GREENE, Pitt. 2:171, 1891. In the Pacific Northwest where Arctostaphylos columbiana Piper and A. Uva-ursi L. grow together, A. media Greene is frequently a third member of the society. These three species were found by the writer during the past summer on Vancouver Island, some distance north of Nanaimo in an open of the Douglas Fir forest. Arctostaphylos media, combining as it does certain of the characters from each of its associates, is to be regarded a natural hybrid (cf. Greene, loc. cit.). The erect shrub of A. columbiana crossed with the prostrate mat of A. Uva-ursi effects in A. media a loosely spreading growth with strongly assurgent tips. The stems of A. media are hirsutulous, the leaves are lightly pubescent, the fruits are puberulent, none of these so hairy as in A. columbiana but yet quite different from the minutely pubescent stems and leaves and glabrous fruits of A, Uva-ursi. Last September A. media was discovered in California. On the narrow coastal plain of Mendocino County south of Point Arena, A. Uva-ursi occurs on the open, wind-swept flat just back of the ocean bluff, and A. columbiana is common farther inland as a wind-controlled shrub or as a well developed growth 16 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. 2 in thickets. There, growing on the windy coastal plain, are plants of A. media, low springy bushes 1.5-3 dm. tall and about a meter across. One plant carried a few ripened fruits. These were small, about half the size of the fruits of either A. Uva- urst or A. columbiana, and light brown. The Californian speci- mens of this interesting form were collected by the writer (No. 8103 and 8104) in the company of Mr. Milo S. Baker and are in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. GENTIANA TENELLA IN CALIFORNIA BY ALICE EASTWOOD From the high summits on either side of the Owens Valley trough, a low annual gentian, heretofore unreported in Cali- fornia, has been found. In the Sierra Nevada it has been col- lected by Mr. Frank W. Peirson in the Rock Creek Lake Basin, Inyo County, at 10,500 feet (No. 9482), and by Mrs. Keir A. Campbell (in 1931) at the east end of Mirror Lake, Mount Whitney Trail, at 10,650 feet. On the east side of Owens Valley it has been collected by Mr. Victor Duran in the White Mountains. The plant is probably best referred to G. tenella Rottb., an arctic species, although southern representatives of this species in North America have been separated by Dr. Aven Nelson under the name G. monantha (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 31:244). The Californian specimens compare favorably with those collections of G. tenella made in the arctic parts of Europe, which are in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. ANOTHER STATION FOR ZYGOPHYLLUM Fapaco L. From Mrs. Susan W. Hutchinson of Los Angeles comes word that Zygophyllum Fabago, which was noted as an adventive in the first issue of LEAFLETS oF WESTERN Botany, page 8, has also been found in southern California, She writes: “Zygophyllum Fabago has for some time been growing just outside of a ranch near the dry lake in the Muroc region on the Mojave Desert.”— A. E. Vou. I No. 3 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY y CONTENTS PAGE Bottle-Brushes in Californian Gardens and Parks........................ 17 ALIcE Eastwoop MA ISEIOTES OF Ts 0ISA 2s. oS, Oe 20 Cari Purpy A Collection of Emex from California................00...22.00--2.-2-22---- 21 GeorcE J. GOODMAN Cypripedium fasciculatum in California .........-..-..0----2-.----------- 22 A.ice Eastwoop Plants Worthy of Note—II.................. ees tek sean oe Neos 22 JoHn THomas HoweE.i A New Species of Eriogonum.................. b/ci gant Wacker uae 23 S. G. SToKEs putes Petit “Aaciner s Foncuel.* 2... %:...... Agoura Le 24 ALICE Eastwoop SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SEPTEMBER 21, 1932 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the native flora of western North America, appearing about four times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bort. PPO A AU lS Hee ee ee eT a tated Owned and published by Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomMas Howe. CE ee 1952 BOTANICAL GARDEN SEPT., 1932] BOTTLE-BRUSHES IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS 17 BOTTLE-BRUSHES IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS AND PARKS BY ALICE EASTWOOD (Continued from Page 10) 4. CALLISTEMON , Callistemon, which means “beautiful stamen,” includes the most gorgeous of the bottle-brushes. It is distinguished from the closely related Melaleuca by the filaments of the stamens being separate to the base. However, two species, C. spectosus and C. viminalis, have the filaments united at the base, forming a link, which a few botanists have thought sufficient reason to merge the two genera. The best authorities, though, prefer to keep them distinct. The showy flowers with their conspicuous stamens surround the stems, to be followed by the persistent, woody, sessile and often crowded pods opening by three slits h : > ap ene TOP Kry To THE SPECIES la. Stamens with red or rosy filaments... 030.02 eects Z 1b. Stamens with green or cream-white filaments.................... Zi Pasa Saini .Attiers (reMOW 5... ..-:-..-.-.-- Beier sand np ncnccmeesssnsines 3 2b. DE naer RENE vt ie ce ced. ee eS ha ns cub 4 3a. (2a) Filaments 1 cm. long; leaves needle-shaped....C. brachyandrus 3b. Filaments 2 cm. long or more; leaves lance-shaped Sen Ee Aa Bs Sacco deca Ss bo OE ER C. rugulosus 4a. (2b) Tree or shrub with drooping branches.................... C. viminalis 4b. Shrubs with erect or spreading branches.................2..2---00-+- 5 an ioeaves lance-Shaped .o.0).1.....:...n.-. 2 EA ee 2 1b. Flowers in roundish clusters terminating the branches; Ara AMOR IEA Ue. F seo ee es M. nesophila 2a. (la) Leaves needle-shaped or narrowly linear ..................-------------- 3 2b. Peaves-nareowly lanceolate... 0 3 oe ere 4 3a. (2a) Leaves scattered, about 2 cm. long...............2..-.--------+ M. radula 3b. Leaves dense, 1 cm. or less long.....................----- M. glaberrima 4a. (2b) Branches drooping; leaves four-ranked.................. M. decussata 4b. Branches erect; leaves scattered ...-_......--.—..... M. thymifolia MELALEUCA NESOPHILA F. v. M. Shrub or small tree with erect branches. Leaves pale green, alternate, rather thick, smooth, three- veined from a tapering base, about 2 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, broadest at the obtuse apex, sometimes ending in a short point. Flowers pink- lilac in roundish clusters 2-3 cm. in diameter, terminating the leafy branches; calyx smooth, with small, round, papery divisions; petals much larger, pink-tinged; staminal claws slightly surpassing the petals and style, each ending in nine or ten filaments about 1 cm. long. Pods woody, conglomerated in a roundish bunch about 15 mm. in diameter. This is rather common in cultivation, sometimes planted as a hedge. A small tree with distinct slender trunk grows in the Presidio, San Francisco. MELALEUCA RADULA Lindl. Illustration seen in Curtis’ Bot. Mag., pl. 8866. Smooth shrub with erect-spreading branches. Leaves oppo- site, very narrow, appearing needle-shaped because of the inturned margins, one-nerved, glands evident on outer surface, wanting on inner surface, 2-4 cm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, pointed at the apex, often reddish. Spikes at the base of leafy branches; flowers pink- lilac in opposite separated pairs; calyx glandular, broad at base, with very narrow divisions; petals round, pink, about 5 mm. across; staminal claws broad, shorter than the petals, with many filaments along the margins and on the inner surface; stigma capitate surpass- ing the stamens. Pods not seen. This is a lovely neat little shrub grown in Hugh Evans’ place at Santa Monica and in the nursery of Golden Gate Park. MELALEUCA GLABERRIMA F. vy. M. Small smooth shrub with slender erect branches. Leaves dense, opposite, needle-shaped, 5-8 mm. long, Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. I, pp. 33-44, Jan. 19, 1933. 34 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. § less than 1 mm. wide, glands evident. Spikes pink-purple, about 2 cm. long on distinct stems at the base of leafy branchlets; calyx small, with tooth-like divisions; petals pinkish, membranous, folding inwards, about 2 mm. long; staminal claws slender, almost 5 mm. long, surpassing the petals, the filaments shorter and clustered near the top of the claws. Pods closely aggregated on the old wood in spikes 6 mm. in diameter and 2 cm. long. Rare in cultivation in Southern California. MeELALEucA pDeEcussATA R. Br. Illustrations seen in Curtis’ Bot. Mag., pl. 2268; Lodd. Bot. Cab., pl. 1208. Smooth shrub with slender, drooping branches. Leaves distinctly four-ranked (decussate), pale green, oblong-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, lower surface convex, glandular. Spikes pink-lilac, dense, 2-3 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter, generally at the base of leafy branchlets; calyx broad at base, divisions very short, membranous; petals roundish, about 2-3 mm, long, membranous; staminal claws very short, concealed by the petals, with filaments from the top of the claws, 3-4 mm. long. Pods small, four-ranked, embedded in the stem. It is not uncommon in cultivation. MELALEUCA THYMIFOLIA Smith. Illustrations seen in Andrews’ Bot. Rep., pl. 278; Curtis’ Bot. Mag., pl. 1868; Lodd. Bot. Cab., pl. 439, Low, smooth shrub with many erect, slender branches. Leaves bright green, opposite, linear-lanceolate, 5-15 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, lower surface with black glands, upper surface glandless. Spikes pink-purple, short, almost hugging the stems and often close together; calyx glandular, with short, rounded divisions; petals obovate, about 4 mm. long, pinkish, membranous; staminal claws surpassing the petals, spreading, with filaments along the margin and on the inner surface. Pods not seen. This lovely little shrub is known only in the nursery of Golden Gate Park, where it has flowered since 1930. (To be continued) NEW WESTERN ERIOGONUMS—II BY S. G. STOKES Eriogonum cupulatum Stokes, spec. nov. Perenne, 3-4 dm. altum, laxe ramosum modo E. umbellati; foliis ovatis, 1-3 cm. longis, petio- latis, subtus albo-tomentosis, supra glabratis; pedunculis gracilibus, nudis, floccosis; bracteis foliaceis, sublinearibus; umbellis 5-7 ramis, involucro centrali sessili; involucris campanulatis, 4-5 mm. longis, 5-7 mm. latis, 5-8—dentatis, hirsuto-villosis; perigoniis stipitatis, glabris, aureis, 3-5 mm. longis, segmentis ovalibus. Perennial, 3-4 dm. tall, loosely branched, in manner of E, umbel- latum or E. ursinum; leaves ovate, 1-3 cm. long, white-tomentose below, glabrate above, petiolate; peduncles tall, slender, leafless, floc- cose; bracts foliaceous, nearly linear; umbel with five to seven JAN., 1933] NEW WESTERN ERIOGONUMS 35 branches, central involucre sessile; involucres campanulate, 4-5 mm. high, 5-7 mm. broad, with five to eight teeth, hirsutely villous; peri- gonia stipitate, glabrous, yellow, 3-5 mm. long, segments oval. Type: No. 131313, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr. L. E. Smith, No. 517, August 12, 1913, at McCloud, Siski- you County, California. The shrubby base and brown twigs suggest E. pendulum Wats. and the mode of branching of the umbel E. ursinum Wats. It is most distinct in the flat or low involucres with shallow teeth. Eriogonum fruticulosum Stokes, spec. nov. Perenne, basi fruticu- losum; caulibus numerosis, fuscis, ligneis, cortice lamelliformi, ramis erectis, ramulis terminatis foliis rosulatis; foliis oblanceolatis, an- gustis, flavovirentibus, revolutis, supra glabratis, subtus tomentosis; pedunculis brevibus, 1-5 cm. longis, pubescentibus, bracteis foliaceis; involucris pedunculatis, tubo 2-3 mm. longo, dentibus reflexis, 1-2 mm. longis; floribus magnis, 6-8 mm. longis, stipitatis, ochroleucis, fumes- centibus, segmentis late ovalibus, pubescentibus. Base shrubby, the numerous brown woody stems with flaky bark, branches erect, twigs terminating in rosettes of leaves, leaves ob- lanceolate, narrow, yellow-green, revolute, glabrate above, tomentose below; peduncles short, 1-5 cm. long, pubescent, bracts foliaceous; involucres pedunculate, tube 2-3 mm. long, teeth reflexed, 1-2 mm. long; flowers very large, 6-8 mm. long when mature, stipitate, ochro- leucous, discolored or smoky in drying, the segments wide, broadly oval, hairy. Type: No. 192302, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr. E. C. Johnston in the Seven Devils Mountains, Black Lake to Bear P. O., elevation 4500 to 8000 feet, Adams County, Idaho, July 20, 1931. While the leaves suggest the sphero- cephalum group, the flowers are not very distinct from those of E. compositum Dougl. Eriogonum Johnstoni Stokes, spec. nov. Basi perenne, ramis terminatis foliis densis erectis; foliis 2-4 cm. longis, ovatis, tomentosis fulvescentibus, supra glabratis; pedunculis circa 1 dm. altis, pubes- centibus, ramis pluribus, 2-3 cm. longis, abrupte divaricatis, crassi- usculis, hirsutis, subtentis bracteis foliaceis; involucris turbinatis, dentibus erectis, bracteis solis subtentibus involucra precocia; flori- bus turbinatis, fere stipitatis, 5-6 mm. longis, flavis, glabris, segmentis perianthii anguste ovalibus. Base perennial, the branches terminating in a close, heavy rosette of erect leaves; leaves 2-4 cm. long, ovate, tomentum buffish, glabrate above; peduncles about 1 dm. tall, pubescent, rays several, 2-3 cm. long, abruptly divaricate, stoutish, hirsute, subtended by foliaceous bracts; involucres turbinate, teeth erect, subtended when young by 36 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. I, NO. 5 a single bract; flowers turbinate, somewhat stipitate, 5-6 mm. long, pale yellow, glabrous, the segments narrowly oval. Type: No. 192058, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mr. E. C. Johnston at La Grande, Union County, Oregon. This differs from E. compositum Dougl. in its abruptly spreading, simple inflorescence and glabrous flowers. NEW PLANTS FROM OLD FIELDS BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL From time to time, one hears from those who fail to appre- ciate the nature of botanical studies conducted in the field, the remark that a locality has been so thoroughly collected botani- cally that effort and time spent in such a place are wasted, since nothing of further interest can be obtained or learned. Such a statement displays a lack of appreciation of the dynamic char- acter of all living matter, a character met both in the study of the individual and of the interrelationships between associated individuals. In systematic botany, where an attempt is made to organize and present all available knowledge of a plant so that it might be better understood, how can any area be visited too frequently to see growing plants, to observe their changes in time and space, to note the constancy or variation in their com- munities, to study the effect of the ever-changing habitat on the individual and the community? The exploration of regions un- known to botanical science is in itself an enviable occupation but acute observation on the weeds around one’s doorstep might reveal matters of even greater significance. Not long ago a day was spent in the middle reaches of the Sonoma Valley, California. From the time of Theodore Hart- weg, who, as collector for the Royal Horticultural Society of London, visited those parts in September, 1846, the territory about Sonoma and Santa Rosa has been frequently visited by botanists and collectors, and many species have been first de- scribed from the oak-shaded glades or chaparrel-covered ridges of the region. In this area, where some might say all has been done, two weedy Polygonums, new or rare in the flora of Cali- fornia, were detected and studied during the day afield. They are P, pennsylvanicum L. (J. T. Howell No. 10778) and P. Hydropiper var. projectum Stanford (J.T. Howell No. 10779). JAN., 1933] NEW PLANTS FROM OLD FIELDS 37 They occurred along the low ground draining the Kenwood Marsh, just west of Kenwood, Sonoma County. Associated with these two species was a third, P. lapathifolium L., and nearby, in the shaded bottom of the slough, was P. punctatum Ell.* The following key will serve to distinguish these and related forms which occur in central California: erie aT AERTERSA CLI AS SY CRSECU EES fase seta enn ae eins et nhansenpa cha tponct hens 2 Ritaive net wlandidaropimctate U0 ete 5 Porc TANG) ova Vetoy poh 20) 01 fale aes oe oe nl FT Fe SE ee a oe Rea Be " PEA CHETIOS TUL Oo LaTEE eATREN TO nc. o cas farce scaneaatee tea sue saesneuchce seobaeth eget vane ances 4 “AGA CT DRED 02) 7) ae pee RR SR P. punctatum var. leptostachyum ORY EVENS Sieh eh yi: | RGN Me Soa CORRE SEnnRERERGR POT 9, 25S Rane P. punctatum 4, Pedicels not strongly exserted from the sheaths in the inflores- cence; achenes mostly 3-3.5 mm. long.................+-.-- P. Hydropiper 4. Pedicels strongly exserted from the sheaths in the inflorescence; achenes 2-2.5 mm. long..............:.:-00-+ P. Hydropiper var. projectum BORE BeaOE TCT GENIUS Noon pen apes dane e> Seen verse eseaare eagass P. hydropiperoides i, EXE Vahey oho) C0 Ik Bee Mee i Sees See ee Seana PRE eee een ere Sa aly Ree aie oR AO 6. Branches of inflorescence conspicuously glandular; calyx 3-4 NT ae ee Seer Ce ER EEN te Eee ACEI R eA a! OE P. pennsylvanicum 6. Branches of inflorescence glabrous (or sometimes slightly glandular in P. lapathifolium); calyx 1.5-2.5 mm. long.............. 7 7. Stipular sheaths bristly-ciliate; inflorescence of rather few erect REE PEE USNR tle RIMES SRC a BY Mtl Oe P. Persicaria 7. Stipular sheaths not ciliate; inflorescence usually of very many Brenpine: spies. uc oe ae 2 P. lapathifolium Stanford in his study of P. Hydropiper (Rhodora 29: 77) cites the only collection of the species seen by him from Cali- fornia: “moist places in fields in the blue oak belt, five miles south of Redding, plentiful (Heller No. 12445). This collec- tion is referred to var. projectum “as a somewhat exaggerated type, unique in the collections at hand, not resembling material from Oregon and Washington, which is referable to typical P. Hydropiper.” The Sonoma Valley plant resembles the speci- men of the Heller collection in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences in the scarcely exserted pedicels but can be referred to var. projectum on the small size of the achenes. Studies in the Academy Herbarium on the variety of P. Hydropiper from Kenwood, discovered under P. punctatum a second Californian collection of the former species made in September, 1931, on the gravelly flood-bed of the Garcia River * Bibliographical studies would indicate that P. punectatum HEll. is an older name than P. acre H. B. K., species which are usually considered synonymous. See Stanford in Rhodora 29: 77. 38 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. I, NO. 5 in the coastal region of Mendocino County, 3.5 miles north of Point Arena (J. T. Howell No. 8118). This specimen with its dull, lenticular achene a bit over 3 mm. long is definitely referable to typical P. Hydropiper and is perhaps the first record of its occurrence in California. A notable character of the Mendocino plant is the unusually high development of stipular-enveloped, cleistogamous-flowered panicles which occur at each node from the base of the stems upward toward the normal inflorescence. Because of the smaller fruits in the va- riety, the effect of these congested flower clusters is not so no- ticeable in var. projectum, but their occurrence in both the species and the variety offers an additional differentia between P. Hydropiper and P. punctatum. Yet another species of Polygonum is to be added to the Californian flora as a result of field studies in areas just north of San Francisco Bay. This is P. exsertum Small and was first noted by Mr. Milo S. Baker. The plants have a resemblance to the widespread and common wire-weed, P. aviculare, but differ in the erect loosely branched habit, the rather showy perianth-segments, and the shining achene which at maturity exceeds the perianth by 1/3 to 2/3 of its length. The Californian specimens of P. exsertum were collected from dried clay flats of the salt marsh at Cuttings Wharf on the Napa River, Napa County (J. T. Howell No. 10799), where it was associated with Polygonum littorale, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia pacifica, Cheno- podium rubrum, Spergularia salina var. sordida, and Spergularia macrotheca. TAXUS BREVIFOLIA IN MARIN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Today I made an interesting discovery, one that will add, if I am not mistaken, a new genus to our Marin County Conifere. On the summit of the ridge between the Olema Valley and Bear Valley, growing under a dense stand of Douglas spruce, a thrifty tree some seven feet high of Taxus brevifolia was found. As you might imagine, it was not easy to detect forty feet from the trail, growing among young Douglas spruce, but it just hap- pened my eye caught it and the difference in habit and foliage struck me at once. I had no time today, but I plan to return and JAN., 1933] PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE 39 search the neighborhood to see if there can possibly be a small colony of these trees—Robert H. Menzies, July 26, 1932. The western yew, which ranges southward from Alaska, has been collected in the Santa Cruz mountains, but Mr. Menzies’ find seems to be the first record of this species between the southern station and Lake and Mendocino counties on the north, where its more abundant occurrence begins.—Alice Eastwood. PLANTS WORTHY OF NOTE —III BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF MoLtuco CerviaNna. A plant having a distribution of a most unusual character is Mollugo Cerviana (L.) Seringe. Collections of it have come from such widely separated regions as the East Indies, South Africa, the Mediterranean region, and Mexico, and for many years it has been known in the western United States from Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. In September, 1929, this interesting spe- cies was collected by Ralph Hoffmann in Thomas Valley, River- side County, apparently the first record of its occurrence in California. And, more recently, the plant has been detected on three islands of the Galapagos Archipelago, a new plant record for those islands made by the Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences. The delicate habit, the glaucescent herbage, the several-flowered peduncles, and the minute angled seeds distinguish the species from other Mollugos. Two Weepy Martynias. Our attention was directed to two weedy Martynias of California when specimens of the spe- cies were received for determination from Miss Vesta Holt, Chico, California. In “A Preliminary Study of the Unicorn Plants” by G. P. Van Eseltine, the two species are treated, the study being published in the Technical Bulletin No. 10 of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. Although the two plants are there referred to two genera, it seems best to return them both to the distinctive and well-founded genus Martynia. MARTYNIA LUTEA Lindl., Bot. Reg. No. 934. (Ibicella lutea Van Es., loc. cit., p. 34.) Inflorescence racemose-capitate ; calyx of five sepals; corolla bright yellow with orange spots. The yellow unicorn plant was first collected in the hills eight miles 40 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. 5 north of Oroville, in 1914 (Heller No. 11685); Miss Holt’s specimen came from Chico in the same region and she reports that it is very common. Van Eseltine cites the Heller collection as “cultivated,” but field notes accompanying a specimen of this collection in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences show that it grew in a wild state. Its persistence and spread in the region since 1914 establish the plant as a natural- ized weed of California. MartTyYNIA Jussieu! (Keller) J. T. Howell, n. comb. (Pro- boscidea Jussieut Keller, in Schmidel, Icon. ed. Keller 49, 1762. M. louisiana Mill. Gard. Dict. No. 3, 1768. M. Proboscidea Glox. Obs. 14, 1785.) Inflorescence generally loosely racemose, the pedicels long ; calyx 5-lobed, split to base on the lower side of flower; corolla-color varying from dull white or yellowish to reddish-purple, generally mottled or blotched. The common unicorn plant or devil’s claw is of wide distribution in the United States, and in the West it is reported by Van Eseltine (loc cit., p. 30) from Texas, New Mexico, and California. The flowers from the Chico plant have pale rosy-lavender corollas, purplish-dotted on the limb and with three yellow lines on the palate. MarTYNIA FRAGRANS Lindl., a Mexican annual with large angular-dentate leaves, has not been seen in collections from the United States. The plant doubtfully referred to this species from the Colorado Desert of California (Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif., 950) might be M. althefolia Benth., a perennial with small leaves. A NEW YERBA SANTA BY ALICE EASTWOOD Eriodictyon capitatum Eastwood, spec. nov. Frutex glutinosus; foliis linearibus circa 5 cm. longis, 2-4 mm. latis, obutsis, margine revolutis, supra glabris et glutinosis, infra trinervatis albo-tomentosis; floribus sessilibus in capitatis 2 cm. diametro; calycis segmentis an- guste linearibus, 8 mm. longis, villosis; corollis purpurascentibus, infundibuliformibus, 1 cm. longis, exteriore villosis, interiore glabris, segmentis orbiculatis; staminibus inclusis, filamentis 6 mm. longis, medio connatis et villosis; stylibus basi villosis. This odd Eriodictyon derives its name from the distinctive capitate inflorescence. The leaves are as narrow as the nar- JAN., 1933] A NEW YERBA SANTA 41 rewest in E. angustifolium but it does not belong to that group. The pubescence is different and the free part of the filaments is equal in length to the hairy part attached to the corolla-tube. Its affinities are with E. californicum (H. & A.) Greene which it resembles in the glabrous and glutinous upper leaf-surface but differs conspicuously in the extremely narrow leaves and the capitate inflorescence. The three nerves so marked on the lower leaf-surface are caused by the strong midrib and the narrow revolute leaf-margins. There is no lateral or other vena- tion visible. Type: No. 194986, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected May 18, 1932, by Ralph Hoffman, five miles north of Lompoc on the road to Casmailia, Santa Barbara County, California, grow- ing under Pinus muricata. AN UNDESCRIBED LILY FROM THE SIERRA NEVADA OF CALIFORNIA BY ALICE EASTWOOD Lilium nevadense Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis strictus, scabro- puberulens, solitarius ex bulbo squamoso, rhizomato; squamis numero- sis, basi articulatis; foliis inferioribus paucis, alternis, superioribus 4-7—verticillatis alternisve, oblongo-lanceolatis, 5-15 cm. longis, 2-4 cm. latis, glabris, trinervatis; pedunculis longis, rectis, apice, recurva- tis; floribus nutantibus, alabastris lanceolatis, 4-5 cm. longis, perianthi segmentis lanceolatis, recurvatissimis, rubris, aurantiacis vel flavis, maculatis; pistillo et staminibus exsertis, antheris rubiginosis, 5 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis; capsulis strictis, oblongis, basi et apice truncatis, 2.5 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, breve stipitatis; seminibus obliquo-cuneatis, papillosis, 5 mm. latis. Type: No. 169002, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by the author, July, 1912, No. 799, on the George Dillman ranch, Goose Valley, Shasta County, California. This has been included under Lilium pardalinum Kellogg, the large-flowered tiger lily, from which it differs in the smaller and generally fewer flowers, the short anthers, the broad lanceo- late leaves, and the single stem arising from the bulb. The following collections also represent this species in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences: Gold Lake region, Plumas County, and Salmon Lake, Sierra County, Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe; Lake Almanor and Greenville, Plumas County, Mary Strong Clemens; Kelly Camp, Mount Lassen National Park, 42 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. 5 Mrs. E. C. Van Dyke; Lake Center Camp, Feather River region, Miss Anna Head; near Shasta Springs, Siskiyou County, 4. A. Heller; Castella, Shasta County, L. E. Smith; Jonesville, Butte County, Dr. E. B. Copeland; Prospect Peak, Mount Lassen National Park, 4. H. Kramer; Castle Lake and Shasta Springs, Siskiyou County, and Forest Lodge near Greenville, Plumas County, Alice Eastwood. Lilium nevadense var. monense Eastwood, var. nov. Perianthi basis obtusior quam basis typi et campanulatus. Type: No. 179135, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Miss Enid Larson, June 21, 1925, along the highway at Rock Creek, Mono County, California. Another specimen from Mono County was collected by Mrs. C. H. Silva, with no definite locality recorded. Lilium nevadense var. fresnense Eastwood, var. nov. Alabastrum 3.5 cm. longum; perianthi segmentis 5 mm. latis, pedunculis gracili- oribus et longioribus quam pedunculis typi. Type: No. 168984, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Miss _ Julia McDonald, July, 1915, in the Big Creek region, Fresno County, California. Miss McDonald also collected the variety at Huntington Lake, July, 1926. Lilium nevadense var. shastense Eastwood, var. nov. Folia stricta, linearia vel angustolanceolata in verticillis propinquis; alabastris 4-5 cm. longis. Type: No. 108996, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by the author, No. 799A, on the George Dillman ranch, Goose Valley, Shasta County, California. Other specimens in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences are: Prattville, Plumas County, Mrs, A. L. Coombs; Gold Lake, Plumas County, Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe; Gray Eagle Meadow and Green Lake, Plumas County, Miss Anna Head; Montgomery Creek, Shasta County, Ellsworth Bethel; northeast base of Mount Eddy, Siskiyou County, A. A. Heller. Lilium nevadense and its varieties include the small-flowered tiger lilies of the Sierra Nevada. In the typical L. nevadense the single stems with generally one to few flowers arise from the bulb, the leaves are broadly lance-shaped, the flowers half the size of true L. pardalinum, and the anthers are about half as long. The variety from Mono County has the flowers more open-spreading owing to the shorter ovary. The variety from JAN., 1933] LEDUM AS A POISONOUS PLANT 43 Fresno County has flowers about the size of L. parvum but with the petals much-reflexed and with the flowers drooping at the end of the long, slender, erect peduncles. The variety from Plumas, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties has the leaves much narrower than in the type, and more numerous. The small-flowered L. pardalinum of the southern Sierra Nevada is L. pardalinum var. parviflorum Eastwood. It has smaller flowers than the typical L. paradalinum but has the long anthers and the many stems from the bulb that are characteristic of that species. In Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties an- other small-flowered L. pardalinum grows. It has the narrow leaves of L. nevadense var. shastense, but has the long anthers and robust habit of true L. pardalinum and is perhaps L. par- dalinum var. angustifolium Kellogg. LEDUM AS A POISONOUS PLANT BY ALICE EASTWOOD Mr. C. S. Myszka, Mendocino County agent of the United States Department of Agriculture, has recently sent to the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences several plants from areas on the Mendocino coast, where the ground is wet in the spring and dry in the fall. The cattle are poisoned by one of these plants, the effects being vomiting and acting crazy. The plants sent are Gentiana oregana, a species of Lotus and of Carex, and Ledum columbianum Piper. The last is locally known as swamp laurel and is probably the injurious plant. The following note by Pallas from Lindley’s Flora Medica, under Ledum latifolium Ait. (L. groenlandicum Retz), seems to indicate this: “The leaves infused in beer render it unusually heavy, producing head- ache, nausea, and even delirium.” LuNARIA ANNUA L. On moist, shaded slopes of the Point Reyes Peninsula near Inverness, Marin County, California, the European Moonwort has established itself as a garden-escape (J. T. Howell). The rose-purple blossoms of early spring resemble those of the Wild Radish and are followed later by the broad flat fruits, the white translucent partitions of which gleam like oblong moons after the valves have fallen.—J. T. H. 44 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. I, NO. 5 TWO INTRODUCED SPECIES OF ATRIPLEX IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY REGION BY L. R. ABRAMS The opening of the Bayshore Road on the San Francisco. Peninsula has made the salt marshes skirting the shore of the Bay readily accessible for field work. While motoring along this road in August, 1932, a strange looking dock-like plant struck my eye, which proved to be Atriplex hortensis L. A\l- though this plant, which is known as French spinach, is some- times cultivated in this country as well as in Europe, I am not aware that it has been reported growing spontaneously in California. It was scattered along the road for a mile or more between Redwood City and San Mateo, but it was most abun- dant about the old tannery back of the former place. Another species of this genus, Atriplex rosea L., has become well estab- lished all along the bay shore of the Peninsula and is now quite as common there as it is in the Great Valley and Southern | California. iss es Ta a A NEW MIMULUS BY ALICE EASTWOOD Mimulus Wolfi spec. nov. Annuus, glandulare puberulens, palli- dus, ramosus, 5-10 cm. altus; foliis lanceolatis, 1-2 cm. longis, ses- silibis, basi 3-nervatis, apice obtusis; floribus ex axillis infimis floribus supremis dense fasciculatis, pedicellis 3 mm. longis; calycis segmentis inequalibus, 3 superioribus 5 mm. longis, 2 inferioribus 4 mm. longis, angusto-subulatis, apicis obtusis; corollis exteriore glandularo-puberu- lentibus, roseis, faucibus luteis et villosis, segmentis corolle fere equalibus, 3 mm. latis, apice truncatis vel obtusis, tubis exsertis et in parte inferiore nigrescente maculatis; stylo glandularo-puberulenti; partibus stigmati latis, equalis; capsulis oblongis, obtusis, calycem superantibus. Type: No. 174917, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Carl B. Wolf in whose honor it is named. It is his No. 3266, col- lected August 12, 1928, twenty-one miles south of Mono Lake, Mono County, California. It was distributed as Mimulus Bigel- ovii to which it is most closely allied. The pale glandular herbage, the longer, narrower lance-shaped leaves, the smaller flowers, and the hairy-throated corolla readily distinguish it. It is a lovely little plant with its pale green leaves and red-purple or crimson corollas which have a yellow hairy throat and dark- spotted tube. Vou. I No. 6 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY a CONTENTS PAGE Bottle-Brushes in Californian Gardens and Parks. . . . 45 ALICE EASTwoop Western Species of Oxalis—I sk 49 Lewis S. Rose Some Western Euphorbias of the Section Anisophyllum . . 51 JoHN THomas Howe. A New Californian Fritillaria . . . . . . . ~~. 95 ALICE EAsTwoop Two New Species of Western Galium . . . . «S55 ALICE EAstTwoop Adventive Senecios. . adige Ne NRA Ut cr Rae JoHn THomas Howe. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Marcu 20, 1933 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the native flora of western North America, appearing about four times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. ee re aU U UU ES DLEN ub broulbi bilk pnevgaoygvaapovnyucanpna yaa poeng anceps coca ry Owned and published by Auice Eastwoop and Joun THomaAs Howe MARCH, 1933] BOTTLE-BRUSHES IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS 45 BOTTLE-BRUSHES IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS AND PARKS 4, VEN YOUR BY ALICE EASTWOOD ‘ Bo TARICeR (Continued from Page 34) Gareen KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MELALEUCA WITH FLOWERS WHITE, CREAM, OR YELLOWISH la. Spikes roundish or cylindrical, terminating leafy branches 2 1b. Spikes with leafy branches developing at the end when in rh ays Cel co) Os Reape eae a PROT a gg ta it ERD eS PS Se 6 era VIG SHOPS, POUMISE Sooo a an cpa cae 3 2b. CN BEM ey Caer OF Trine: | Ieee ath oP SAE Mee aa ce Day SEES ee 4 3a. (2a) Leaves very small, scale-like, dense, in threes...M. micromera 3b. Leaves narrowly linear, 2 cm. long................------------ M. nodosa 4a. (2b) Leaves large, 4-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide........ M., Leucadendron 4b. Leaves narrow, linear or lanceolate...............-.--.-...--.---e----0-++- 5 5a. (4b) Leaves opposite, 2-3.5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide..M. linariifolia 5b. Leaves scattered, very narrowly linear, 5-9 mm. long, Onsite wide ee ee ee ee M. tenella 6a. (1b) Stamens with filaments along sides of claws................-.------ 7 6b. Stamens) at or near ends of claws:..2..21.2022...----i.--..22 ss. 8 Pata) Leaves: Opposite ok hee ae M. linariifolia 7b. Leaves alternate but crowded.................-2.-.--..----- M. armillaris Bastean) eaves: h¥oadesti at base ii a 9 8b. Leaves tot braadestiat base tS 11 9a. (8a) Leaves very small, 1-2 mm. long, dense and scale-like EE IRE Oe POR: a FAR daa! fee ha hee M. Huegelii 9b. Leaves 1 cm. or more long, stiff-pointed.................--...--------- 10 fees Con Leaves lanceolate 3 so at M. genistifolia 10b. MEGA VCS OU AUC ete She ae hoe reat teat ee M. styphelioides ECCMID EP CAWGS BIG SCONE oat eh semen tee smteesncamo 12 11b. cous wast Parra SPCC Ne ees 13 12a.(1la) Leaves and stems white-downy.................------.--+-0---- M. incana 12b. Weaves)and: Stems) smooth. Se ee M. tenella SEGAL TMCS, SHOPE TOMMAIG U5. eterna pe cinenee M. ericifolia 13b. Spikes elongated; bracts persistent...................--.-s-:---e+eeseseeee= 14 RN PORN NS OTROS | UMNO URN aot ieee sgn recesses pee eeens M. parviflora 14b. PIs tO sea ke ee M. Preissiana MELALEUCA MICROMERA Schau. Shrub with many short slender branches, generally spreading, densely white-downy except on the old stems. Leaves minute, ovate, closely appressed, in threes, thick, 2-3 mm. long, pointed. Flowers yellowish-white, in small heads 8-10 mm. across, terminating numerous short branchlets; calyx with short, rounded divisions; petals white, membranous, 1 mm. broad, rounded Leafil. West. Bot., Vol. I, pp. 45-56, March 20, 1933. 46 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. I, NO. 6 at apex, auricled at base, surpassing the sepals and staminal claws; stamens with few filaments at ends of claws; style when present bent, stigma large. Pods densely aggregated on old wood in spikes 5-10 mm. long, 8 mm. in diameter. The same shrub on my place in Mill Valley bore pistillate flowers one year and only staminate the next. It is very pretty, dotted all over when in flower with small yellowish- white heads of flowers. It may no longer be in California as the one plant of which I knew was destroyed by the fire on my place. MELALEUCA NoposA Sm. Shrub or small tree with many widely spreading branches, smooth except some hairs on the young growth. Leaves narrow-linear, pointed, 1-3 cm. long, 1 mm. wide. Flowers cream-yellow, in globular heads, the leafy shoots coming after flower- ing; calyx with very short, broad, rounded divisions; petals white, membranous, orbicular, 1.5 mm. broad; stamens with short claws about as long as the petals, the filaments few at the end. Pods densely aggregated in woody globes less than 1 cm. in diameter. Golden Gate Park and Pasadena. MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON L. Tree with parchment-like bark, the bark flaking off in layers on old plants. Leaves narrowly elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, stiff, 3-7-nerved from the base, the veins joining above, 4-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, smooth but young leaves often silky-hairy. Spikes at first terminal, 3-6 cm. long; flowers yellowish or white; calyx with broad, rounded, membranous-edged divisions; petals larger, orbicular, 2-3 mm. across; stamens with short claws, filaments 1-1.5 cm. long at the end. Pods crowded in woody spikes, in ours 5 cm. long. It does not seem to be common in cultivation in California: Session’s Nursery, San Diego; Gould’s place, Santa Bar- bara; Buena Vista Park, San Francisco. It is said to be very variable and often has bracts among the flowers in the spike. MELALEUCA LINARIIFOLIA Sm. Becoming a tall tree but usually shrubby in California, with slender and numerous branches, the bark parchment-like and flaking off when old. Leaves linear or linear- lanceolate, pointed, 2-3.5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, the midrib usually prominent. Spikes often forming panicles at the ends of the branches, the leafy shoots growing out while flowering, the bracts in bud promi- nently spreading; flowers cream-white, in opposite pairs in the spike; calyx with triangular, obtuse, membranously margined divisions shorter than the white, orbicular petals, 2 mm. across, both dotted with glands; stamens with narrow claws about 9 mm. long, the slender filaments along the sides like a feather, almost the entire length. Pods not densely aggregated, small, 2 mm. in diameter, the calyx-divisions persistent. A beautiful species which should be more commonly cultivated. Session’s, Nursery, San Diego, and Golden Gate Park. MELALEUCA TENELLA Benth. Shrub with slender, upwardly spread- ing branches, smooth throughout, pale gray when young. Leaves very narrowly linear, 5-9 mm. long, less than 0.5 mm. broad, recurv- MARCH, 1933] BOTTLE-BRUSHES IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS 47 ing, pale green. Spikes globular or cylindrical, 1-2 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide, with or without leafy shoots at the end; flowers yellowish-white, the calyx open bell-shaped, crenate; corolla white or rose-tinted, the petals orbicular, membranous, about 1 mm. broad; stamens with claws about as long as the petals or shorter, the fila- ments unequal, 3-4 mm. long. Pods densely aggregated in woody spikes, 1-2 cm. long, 5 mm. in diameter. A dainty species first seen in the nursery of Howard and Smith near Los Angeles; also at the Bard place, Hueneme, Ventura County, and Balboa Park, San Diego. MELALEUCA ARMILLARIS Sm. Illustration seen in Andr. Bot. Rep., pl. 175. Tall shrub or small tree. Leaves recurved at end or erect, narrow-linear, 1 mm. wide, 2-3 cm. long. Spikes at the base of leafy branchlets; flowers with smooth green triangular calyx-divisions; petals twice as large, white, membranous, orbicular, about 2 mm. in diameter; stamens white with claws 3-4 mm. long and the numerous filaments arranged feather-like along the sides of the upper part. Bud-scales ovate, with long, often reddish points. Pods generally densely clustered in woody spikes, 4-6 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter, the calyx-divisions generally persistent. A showy shrub when in bloom; the ultimate branchlets generally drooping. It is not uncommon in both Northern and Southern California: Golden Gate Park; Bard’s place, Hueneme; Hart’s place, Sierra Madre; Los Angeles. MevaLeucaA Hugcetu Endl. Erect shrub with numerous slender erect branches, smooth throughout except some hairs on the flower- ing spikes. Leaves pale green, ovate, pointed, very small, 2-3 mm. long, densely clothing the stems and overlapping, nerved. Spikes at the base of leafy branches, densely flowered, 3-10 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter; flowers yellowish-white, the spikes sometimes tinged with rose; calyx with greenish or reddish divisions, rounded, infolded, nerved, half as long as the petals; petals white or rose, mem- branous; stamens with slender claws surpassing the petals, and termi- nated by 7-11 unequal filaments. Pods densely aggregated in a woody spike 5-8 cm. long, about 6 mm. in diameter. This was intro- duced by Miss Kate O. Sessions, San Diego, and is not uncommon in Southern California. MELALEUCA GENISTIFOLIA Sm. Shrub or tree with many erect or spreading slender branches, bark parchment-like, flaking off in layers. Leaves stiff, lanceolate, flat, sharp-pointed, 1-2 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, nerved, hairy when young. Spikes at base of leafy branchlets, gener- ally loosely flowered and with persistent bracts; flowers yellowish- white, calyx with hairy tube, and triangular, nerved teeth; petals white, membranous, soon falling, 1.5 mm. broad; stamens with claws 2 mm. long and numerous filaments clustered near the top. Pods pale, small, globular, somewhat scattered. Most common in Southern California. 48 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. 1, NO. 6 MELALEUCA STYPHELIOIDES Sm. This is closely related to the pre- ceding, differing in shorter, ovate leaves, more pungent and gener- ally more rigid. The former seems to be most common in Southern California; the latter is known only from Golden Gate Park. MELALEUCA INCANA R. Br. Illustration seen in Bot. Reg., pl. 410. Shrub with spreading branches, pale with a fine, white close down. Leaves pale, narrowly linear-lanceolate, 10-15 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obtuse, rather thick. Spikes short, with or without short terminal branchlets; flowers white; calyx with triangular obtuse divisions, shorter than the membranous, orbicular petals which are 2 mm. broad; stamens with claws longer than the petals, the filaments 5-8 mm. long at the end. Pods not seen. This is known only from the grounds of the Del Monte Hotel, Monterey. . MELALEUCA ERICIFOLIA Sm. Shrub or small tree, generally sending up numerous suckers and often forming thickets, the bark on older trees smooth like parchment. Leaves smooth, narrow-linear, 0.5 mm. wide, 8-15 mm. long, spreading or recurved. Spikes often unisexual, the male spikes nearly globular, the others generally longer, termi- nated by short leafy branchlets; calyx smooth with very short obtuse divisions; petals orbicular, membranous, twice as large as calyx- divisions; stamens yellowish-white, claws about as long as the petals, the filaments at the end. Pods densely clustered in short spikes, 1-2 cm. long. Male trees are common in Golden Gate Park, where a picturesque example can be seen at the upper end of the lawn of the Children’s Playground. It is also cultivated in Southern California. MELALEUCA PARVIFLORA Lindl. Shrub or small tree, smooth through- out, with numerous spreading branches inclined to droop at the ends. Leaves linear to lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, acute. Spikes slender, 2-5 cm. long, about 15 mm. in diameter, surmounted by leafy branchlets and generally with persistent bracts; flowers white; calyx smooth, the divisions tooth-like; petals much larger than the calyx-divisions, white, membranous, orbicular on short claws, sur- passing the claws of the stamens; filaments many, unequal, at the top of the short claws. Pods pale, orbicular, 2 mm. in diameter, with persistent calyx-divisions, closely or more densely clustered. Golden Gate Park near the Lodge, and Bard’s place, Hueneme. MELALEucA PreissianA Schau. This is similar to the preceding except that the spike is somewhat white-woolly. The species is culti- vated in Southern California. The next number will conclude the bottle-brushes. Several have been discovered since the paper was begun and there is the possi- bility of new ones in the nursery of Golden Gate Park coming into bloom. MARCH, 1933] WESTERN SPECIES OF OXALIS 49 WESTERN SPECIES OF OXALIS—I BY LEWIS S, ROSE There is an ever increasing population among the plant immigrants of the Pacific Coast. Five exotic species of the genus Oxalis have become permanent inhabitants of our region, having entered either by the weed method, mixed with imported crop seeds, or as garden escapes. It is, therefore, of interest to list all the species of this genus which have been observed grow- ing spontaneously in California, Oregon, and Washington. The recent monograph by Knuth in Das Pflanzenreich (IV. 130 : 43-389, — 1930) and Small’s revision of the North Ameri- can species (N. Am. Fl. 25: 25-56, — 1907) have been taken as the basis for the key and descriptions. In this number, the spe- cies without leafy stems above the ground will be described and in the next number the species with leafy stems above the ground will be considered. KEY TO THE WESTERN SPECIES OF OxaLis WITHOUT Stems ABOVE THE GROUND fa. UBlowers’ solitary:;: capsule elobose-ovoide: 22 2 libselowers in umbels; capsule elongeated 22.02 3 Za. Petals rose-color, large, 23-30 mm. long.....................-------- O. Smallii 2b. Petals white, smaller, 9-18 mm. long..............000........2....--- O. oregana oa Flants without bulbs: petals ‘white..— 2 2_.:...-..2....... O. trilliifolia 3b. Plants with bulbs; petals generally not white... 4 SMES EANSE VOL OW sieltc Met es hee ct) ea ACER RAT SER O. cernua AHeNEetals rOSe, Ob Whitest. ck ee eee Sl O. rubra Oxa.is SMALLU R. Knuth. (0. macra Small, not Schlechter.) Plant 9-28 cm. high with thick rhizome. Leaflets 3-5 cm. wide, lower sur- face copiously hairy, upper sparsely so or glabrous. Sepals 8-10 mm. long. Petals 23-30 mm. long, pale lilac to rose-color. Distribution: coastal California from Del Norte County to Mon- terey County. Type locality: Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County, Plaskett in 1898. Perhaps this should be considered a large-flowered subspecies of O. oregana Nutt. Oxalis Smallii is the beautiful species found so abun- dantly in the redwood groves of the Californian Coast Ranges. OXALIS OREGANA Nutt. Acaulescent, perennial with horizontal rhi- zomes. Leaflets widely obcordate, 35 mm. wide, 27 mm. long, lobes rounded, upper surface glabrous, lower surface and margins long- hairy, the petioles 6-15 cm. long, villous. Peduncles 10-17 cm. long, one-flowered. Sepals oblong, 6-8 mm, long, densely pubescent. Petals 50 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. 1, NO. 6 white, 9-18 mm. long. Styles copiously pubescent. Capsule globose- ovoid, 7-8 mm. long. Distribution: Washington to California. Type locality: “shady woods of the Oregon (Columbia River) in moist places.” This species, a form with small white flowers, seems to be the predominant form in the Pacific Northwest. The form with large, pale rose flowers, O. Smallii, does not seem to occur north of the Californian boundary line. Ovxalis oregana occurs with O. Smallii in California as far south as the Santa Cruz Mountains. Ovalis oregana var. Tracyi Jepson, collected at Tamba Ranch, Chetco River, Oregon, seems to be typical O. oregana Nutt. The species with large, rosy flowers is generally thought of as O. oregana but is O. Smallii Knuth. OXALIS TRILLUFOLIA Hook. Acaulescent with vertical rhizomes. Leaves numerous, upper surface of leaflets glabrous, lower surface and margins sparsely hairy, obcordate. Peduncles glabrous, 15-30 cm. long, the umbel 2-6-flowered, the pedicels 1-2.5 cm. long. Sepals lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, sparsely ciliate. Petals white or pale violet, 8-14 mm. long, deeply notched. Stamens and styles glabrous. Capsule erect, 2.5-3 cm. long, the beak often half as long as the body. Distribution: Washington and Oregon. Type locality: “near the Grand Rapids of the Oregon (Columbia River), Douglas.” OxXALIs CERNUA Thunb. Acaulescent. Leaflets cuneate, obcordate, 20 mm. long, 32 mm. wide, margins and under surface somewhat hairy, the petiole 13 cm. long. Peduncles 10-30 cm. long, more or less covered with soft pubescence, 3-8-flowered, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long. Corolla about 22 mm. long, campanulate, yellow, petals narrowly cuneate. Lesser stamens equal- ing sepals. Distribution: widely cultivated and naturalized. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope. Specimens. ‘California: in orange grove, Highland, San Bernar- dino County, Feudge No. 1610 (Herb. Univ. Calif.); near Colma in cabbage fields, San Mateo County, Loomis in 1915. The occurrence of this species as a naturalized plant in California was reported by Alice Eastwood in LrAFLeTs oF WeEsTERN Borany, page 8, and by I. L. Wiggins in Torreya, volume 32, page 3. Oxa.is ruBRA St. Hil. Perennial with tuberous, obovate or cylin- drical root. Leaves long-petioled, the leaflets 18 mm. long, 15 mm. wide, obcordate, upper surface glabrous or glabrescent, under surface slightly pilose, margin ciliate, sprinkled with dark spots. Peduncles 10-15 cm. long, many, becoming glabrous, the umbels shortly involu- crate, simple or compound, 6-12-flowered, the pedicels 13-18 mm. long. Sepals about 4.5 mm. long, slightly pubescent, obtuse, the apices with irregular orange spots. Petals about 11 mm. long, entire, glabrous, MARCH, 1933] SOME WESTERN EUPHORBIAS 51 rose with darker lines. All stamens shorter than pistil, the shorter filaments glabrous, the longer pubescent towards the edge. Style and top of ovary pubescent. Capsule oblong. Distribution: southern Brazil and Argentine. Type locality: Sao Paulo, Brazil. Occasionally naturalized; a white-flowered variety is cultivated and may also become naturalized. (To be concluded) SOME WESTERN EUPHORBIAS OF THE SECTION ANISOPHYLLUM BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL On both my visits with Mr. Templeton Crocker to Guada- lupe Island, off the west coast of northern Lower California, a species of Euphorbia was collected from arid slopes at Melpo- mone Cove, the first member of Euphorbiacee to be found on the island. In working out the relationship of this Euphorbia, my attention has again been directed to certain species of the genus in the western United States. Shortly after the publi- cation of my note in 1931 on a Californian Euphorbia referred to E. pseudoserpyllifolia, | made two collections on the western borders of the Colorado Desert which more nearly corresponded to Millspaugh’s original description of that species than did the plant which I had considered earlier. Dr. Paul C. Standley compared one of these later collections with the type of E. pseudoserpyllifolia in the Herbarium of the Field Museum and Dr. P. A. Munz sent a fragment of M. E. Jones’s collection which was cited in the original description. The Californian plant erroneously referred to E. pseudoserpyllifolia and the plant from Guadalupe Island are here described as new. Follow- ing the descriptions and notes of the several species, a key is given to indicate differences between related forms. All col- lections cited are in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. + Euphorbia guadalupensis J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Annua; cauli- bus prostratis, 1-5 cm. longis, glabris, teretibus, purpurascentibus; foliis oppositis, subovatis, ad 5 mm. longis, integerrimis, obtusis, basi inequalibus subcordatisque, laminis glabris, petiolis ciliatis, stipulis elongato-triangularibus, integerrimis, copioso-villosis; involucris cam- panulatis, circa 1 mm. longis, glabris, lobis angusto-triangularibus, ciliatis; glandulis oblongis, purpureis, appendicibus albis roseisve, crenulatis; stylis circa 0.3 mm. longis, bifidis ad medium; capsulis 52 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. I, NO. 6 glabris; seminibus ovato-ellipticis, angulis non prominentibus, lateri- bus planis vel sepe convexis, minute tuberculato-rugosis. Root annual; stems prostrate, 1-5 cm. long, glabrous, terete, red- dish; leaves opposite, subovate, to 5 mm. long, entire, obtuse, asym- metrical and subcordate at base, the blades glabrous, the petioles ciliate, the stipules elongate-triangular, entire, copiously villous; invo- lucres campanulate, about 1 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes slender- triangular, ciliate; glands oblong, purple, with narrow, crenulate white or rosy appendages; styles about 0.3 mm. long, cleft to about the middle; capsules glabrous; seeds ovate-elliptical, the angles not promi- nent, the sides plane or generally convex, minutely tuberculate-rugose. Collections. Melpomone Cove, Guadalupe Island, Lower California, March 18, 1932, J. T. Howell No. 8331 (type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 200324); November 16, 1931, J. T. Howell No. 8195. Closely related to E. serpyllifolia, this new Euphorbia from Guadalupe Island is readily distinguished by the compact habit, the entire obtuse leaves, and the entire hairy stipules. The plants grow in coarse sandy soil on dry wind-swept slopes at the south end of the island. EUPHORBIA PSEUDOSERPYLLIFOLIA Millsp., Pitt. 2: 87 (1890). Root annual; stems prostrate, 5-20 cm. long, glabrous or villous, terete; leaves opposite, entire, obtuse, asymmetrical at base, glabrous or villous, ovate to broadly lanceolate, to 5 mm. long, the stipules elon- gate-triangular, entire, hairy-ciliate; involucres solitary, glabrous or villous, about 0.5 mm. long, the lobes elongate-triangular, ciliate; glands red or dark purple, round, without appendages; styles cleft to about the middle, very short; capsules glabrous; seeds oblong or elliptical, quadrangular, more or less transversely rugulose between the angles, ashy-white. Kery TO THE ForMs OF E. PSEUDOSERPYLLIFOLIA Stems and leaves glabrous or subglabrous; involucres glabrous po PEER RE ER OOM ARDS URE SARE ip OCT PMSTEREE Yi Ye ee” a. typica Stems, leaves, and involucres villous. ...................c.::cecsceeseceeeeeeeese b. villosa EUPHORBIA PSEUDOSERPYLLIFOLIA forma TypPICA J. T. Howell, nom. nov. E, pseudoserpyllifolia Millsp., loc. cit. Stems and leaves glabrous, rarely with a few scattered villi; involucres glabrous except the ciliate lobes. Collections. Arizona: Gila River Valley, Mohr in 1873 (from type in Herb. Field Mus.); Bowie, Jones No. 4223 (from Herb. Pomona College) ; Quartzite, Jones No. 24,974. California: San Felipe Wash, J. T. Howell No. 3253 ; Cabazon, J. T. Howell No. 6657. MARCH, 1933] SOME WESTERN EUPHORBIAS 53 Euphorbia pseudoserpyllifolia forma villosa J. T. Howell, f. nov. Caulibus et foliis sparse villosis; involucris villosis. Stems and leaves sparsely villous; involucres villous. Collection: south of Palm Springs near Cathedral City, Cali- fornia, J. T. Howell No. 6651 (type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 188849). Euphorbia patellifera J. T. Howell, spec. nov. E. pseudoserpylli- folia J. T. Howell, not Millspaugh, Madrofio 2: 19 (1931). Biennis ?; caulibus prostratis, 1-2 dm. longis, glabris, teretibus; foliis oppositis, ovato-lanceolatis ovatisve, ad 4 mm. longis, integerrimis, obtusis, basi inequalibus subcordatisque, glabris, stipulis triangularo-lanceolatis et inzqualibus paucis lobis vel filiformibus et pluribus, glabris vel fere supra ciliatis; involucris campanulato-turbinatis, circa 1 mm. longis, glabris, lobis late triangularibus, comoso-ciliatis; glandulis rotundis vel fere oblongis et longioribus quam latis, substipitatis, fulvescenti- bus vel purpurascentibus, patelliformibus, appendice obsoleta; stylis circa 0.25 mm. longis, bifidis ad medium, ramis subcrassis; capsulis glabris; seminibus ellipticis, angulis fere prominentibus, lateribus vix concavis, minute reticulato-rugosis. Probably biennial; stems prostrate, 1-1.5 dm. long, glabrous, terete; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, to 4 mm. long, entire, obtuse, asymmetrical and subcordate at the base or the base subcuneate, glabrous, the stipules triangular-lanceolate and irregu- larly few-lobed or the stipules filiform and several, glabrous or some- what hairy above; involucres campanulate-turbinate, about 1 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes broadly triangular, comose-ciliate; glands round or a little longer than broad, substipitate, patelliform, yellowish or purplish, appendage none; styles about 0.25 mm. long, cleft to about the middle, the branches stout; capsule glabrous; seeds ellipti- cal, the angles rather prominent, the sides scarcely concave, minutely reticulate-rugose. Collections. Near Palm Wash, western Colorado Desert, San Diego County, California, J. T. Howell No. 3488 (type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 179830) ; north of Furnace Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County, California, J. T. Howell No. 3684. Euphorbia patellifera does not appear to be closely related to E. ocellata D, and H., E. arenicola Parish, or E. eremica Jepson, the other Californian species which have similar curious discoid glands. From these species, E. patellifera can be distin- guished by the elongate, angled seeds. The species seems more closely allied to the E. polycarpa group, although it appears very distinct in the peculiar glands, the involucral lobes, the thickened style-branches, and the somewhat different seeds. 54 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. I, NO. 6 EuPHorRBIA FENDLERI T. and G., Pacific Railroad Surveys, 2, pt. 2:175 (1855). This species heretofore unrecorded from California, has been recently found in Inyo County, an exten- sion of range westward from Arizona and Nevada, where its occurrence is not uncommon. The Californian specimen was collected in Westgard Pass of the White Mountains by Mr. Victor Duran and was distributed from the University of Cali- fornia Herbarium (No. 547) as E. polycarpa Benth. KEy A. Seeds ovatish, the sides reticulate-rugulose, plane or somewhat convex, the outer seed-coat scarcely becoming gelatinous when wetted: \anntalsicc) Je seo ec eee ee ee B A. Seeds oblong or ovate-oblong, about twice as long as broad, the sides smooth or finely rugulose, the outer seed-coat be- coming more or less gelatinous when wetted; leaves entire.... C B. Leaves generally toothed; stipules irregularly cleft into few supulate divisions, glabrous ...:2. 02h .2uS E. serpyllifolia B. Leaves entire; stipules entire, densely ciliate.......... E. guadalupensis C. Stipules entire, elongate-triangular, hairy; glands generally red or purple; lobes of involucre elongate-triangular; seeds elon- gate-oblong, the sides markedly concave between prominent angles, smooth or very slightly transverse-rugulose, the outer seed-coat developing a very thick gelatinous mass wien wetted 255.0000 st a D C. Stipules generally subulate-divided, often to the base, mostly glabrous, rarely entire or hairy; glands generally yellowish or brownish; lobes of involucre broadly triangular; seeds oblong-ovate, the sides plane or slightly concave, rather irregularly and subreticulately rugulose.........2.......eeeceeceeceeeeeeee E D. Perennials; involucre generally 0.75-1.2 mm. long, turbinate- campanulate; glands oblong, nearly always with appendages; styles conspicuous, at least 0.25 mm. long................... E. polycarpa D. Annuals; involucres about 0.5 mm. long, bowl-shaped; glands round, very small, always without appendages; styles very short, less than 0.25 mm. long.................-.-.--- E. pseudoserpyllifolia E. Probably biennial; stems prostrate from the summit of a tap- root; glands round or slightly elongated longitudinally, always without appendages; outer seed-coat developing a very thick gelatinous mass when wetted.................... E. patellifera E. Perennials with numerous slender suberect or spreading stems from a rather deep-seated caudex; glands transversely ob- long, generally with appendages; outer seed-coat developing only a thin gelatinous mass when wetted...............-.-..-. E. Fendleri MARCH, 1933] NEW CALIFORNIAN FRITILLARIA 55 A NEW CALIFORNIAN FRITILLARIA BY ALICE EASTWOOD Fritillaria pheanthera Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis 3-10 dm. altus, sepe purpureo-maculatus et glaucus; foliis 3-5 verticillatis, angusto- lanceolatis, acuminatis, 8-10 cm. longis, 5-8 mm. latis, glaucis; floribus racemosis, pedicellis recurvatis, bracteis brevioribus; perianthi seg- mentis virido-fulvus vel purpurascentibus, rubiginoso-marginatis, 5 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, apice recurvatis, basi carinatis; filamentis acuminatis, 6 mm, longis, antheris rubiginosis, 2 mm. longis; ovario angulato, 5 mm. longo, stylis medio conjunctis, apice recurvatis. Type: No. 194148, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by Mrs. J. H. Morrison near Durham, Butte County, California, April 17, 1932. This interesting Fritillaria belongs to the group which in- cludes Fritillaria multiflora Kell. and others of that aggregate. The rusty anthers projecting from the small, dull greenish-yellow or purplish bells give the species its name and its distinctive beauty. The filaments surround the ovary but the anthers spread. The bulb consists of a few thick scales surrounded by numerous little rice-grain bulblets. The blue-green stems are often mottled with purple and some become over 3 dm. high before the first whorl of leaves appears. TWO NEW SPECIES OF WESTERN GALIUM BY ALICE EASTWOOD Galium utahense Eastwood, sp. nov. Perenne, stricto-ramosum, 1 dm. altum, scabro-puberulum; caulibus quadrangulatis, striatis; foliis quaterno-verticillatis, linearibus, obtusis, uninervatis, 1-2 cm. longis, 1-2 mm. latis, scabro-puberulis, valde revolutis; cymis pauci- floribus, congestis, floribus fere sessilibus in axillis supremis, bracteis ovatis, obtusis, pedicellis zquilongis ovario; floribus bisexualibus; corollis albis 4 mm. latis, segmentis obtusis; filamentis longioribus; ovario glabro, stigmatibus 2, globosis nigris. Type: No. 18691, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by the author, No. 7668, at Soldier Summit, Utah, June 24, 1918. This is related to Galium boreale L., differing in the one-nerved scab- rous strongly revolute leaves, glabrous ovaries, and inconspicuous inflorescence. Some of the oldest leaves are almost imperceptibly three-nerved at base, while the upper ones have the margins folded back to the midrib. The small white flowers in the 56 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. I, NO. 6 terminal clusters are few, crowded, and almost sessile among the uppermost leaves. Galium Clementis Eastwood, sp. nov. Perenne, cespitosum, 3-7 cm. altum, canescente hirsutulum, villis densis divaricatis; foliis qua- terno-verticillatis, 3-10 mm. longis, 0.5-2 mm. latis, valde revolutis, strictis vel divaricatis; fructibus globosis, nigris vel brunneis, pubes- centibus, 1-2 mm. diametro. Type: No. 190668, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected Octo- ber 3, 1921, on Santa Lucia Peak by Mrs. Mary Strong Clemens in whose honor it is named. The species is related to G. cali- fornicum H. and A., differing in the hoary appearance due to the dense white hairs covering all parts of the plant even to the fruits. It was not in flower; but in this genus the flowers have but little diagnostic value. The plants grow in low dense mats with few flowers concentrated in the upper leaf-axils. ADVENTIVE SENECIOS BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL In Mendocino County, California, Senecio Jacobea L. has become an abundant and showy plant on coastal flats. What is perhaps the earliest record of this European species in Cali- fornia was collected by Alice Eastwood at Fort Bragg, Mendo- cino County, in 1912 (No. 1648). Locally common on the coastal bluffs at Santa Cruz, Cali- fornia, Senecio Cineraria DC., a native of the Mediterranean region, has recently been collected (J. T. Howell No. 10858). In California this attractive garden plant is commonly known as Dusty Miller. Yet a third Senecio which is established along the Californian coast is S. elegans L., the Purple Ragwort of South Africa, The occurrence of this species at San Francisco is reported in Jepson, Manual of Flowering Plants in California, page 1153. The plant was first collected as a garden escape by Alice Eastwood in October, 1912, at Lands End, San Francisco (No. 2386A), and at that locality now it is one of the most attractive and abun- dant plants blooming in the early autumn, MOET No. 7 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY Y CONTENTS Bottle-Brushes Recently Introduced Auice EAstwoop The Identity of Lycium brevipes Benth. C. Leo HircuHcock Western Species of Oxalis . Lewis S. Rose New Manzanitas from Santa Cruz Island . ALIcE EAstTwoop Field Notes on the Manzanitas of Santa Cruz Island JouHn Tuomas Howe ti SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Avucust 2, 1933 PAGE 57 57 58 61 63 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the native flora of western North America, appearing about four times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. Cited as LEAFL. WEstT. Bor. ACCOM LLU OS INCHES Heer ee nae Manu as bau ate LL ie A bt er Owned and published by Auice Eastwoop and Joun THomas Howeti AUG 9 1900 GARDEN AUGUST, 1933] BOTTLE-BRUSHES IN CALIFORNIAN GARDENS 57 BOTTLE-BRUSHES RECENTLY INTRODUCED INTO CALIFORNIA BY ALICE EASTWOOD CALOTHAMNUS LONGISSIMUS F. v. M. The name suggests its most conspicuous character, the long needle-shaped leaves, a foot or more in length. It was discovered by Mr. Eric Walther in the now deserted California Botanic Garden, Los Angeles. CALOTHAMNUS ASPER Turcz. The young branches of this species are most lovely. They wave in the slightest breeze like downy grey plumes. The following species of Melaleuca are cultivated from seed but have not yet flowered, so that the names are uncertain. The first is in the Huntington Botanic Garden, San Marino, and the others are in the nursery of Golden Gate Park. The color of the flowers is taken from Bentham’s Flora Australiensis. . squarrosa Don. Flowers yellowish-white. . acuminata F. v. M. Flowers white. . rhaphiophylla Schau. Flowers yellowish-white. . teretifolia Benth. Flowers yellowish-white. SSRs THE IDENTITY OF LYCIUM BREVIPES BENTH. BY €. LEO HITCHCOCK University of Montana, Missoula, Montana In the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 19: 256 (1932), the writer pointed out that if I. M. Johnston was correct in his conclusion that Lycitum cedrosense Greene was conspecific with L. brevipes Benth., then the name L. Richit Gray would have to be replaced by that of L. brevipes. How- ever, it was not thought that there was sufficient evidence to warrant this change. Very recently, however, Dr. Johnston has had opportunity to study the type of L. brevipes, which is at the British Museum, and reports that the type of Bentham’s species is identical with the material known as L. Richii. It therefore seems wise to Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. I, pp. 57-64, August 2, 1933. 58 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. 1, NO. 7 clear up the status of this specific complex by making the follow- ing reductions: LycriuM BREVIPES Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulph. 40 (1844). L. Richii Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6:46 (1862). L. Berlan- dieri B Miersii var. Palmeri subvar. Richi (Gray) Terrac., Malpighia 4: 521 (1891). L. Palmeri Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8:292 (1870). L. Berlandieri B Miersit var. Palmeri (Gray) Terrac., 1. c. JL. cedrosense Greene, Pittonia 1: 268 (1889). L. carolinianum B sandwicense var. cedrosense Terrac., |. c. 518. Lycium brevipes Benth. var. Hassei (Greene) comb. nov. L. Richii var. Hassei (Greene) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. IV, 12:1154 (1924). L. Hassei Greene, Pittonia 1:222 (1888). L. carolinianum y californicum forma Hasset (Greene) Terrac., 1. c. WESTERN SPECIES OF OXALIS—II BY LEWIS S. ROSE (Concluded from Page 51) KEY TO THE WESTERN SPECIES OF OXALIS WITH STEMS ABOVE THE GROUND la. Leaves sessile, the leaflets not obcordate....................0.00000+ O. hirta lb. Leaves petioled, the leaflets obcordate..................-.---scs---c-cseceeceeeeoee 2 ZERO TN Ib ch Cy a eeeetainr epee RACE M Cae TM ee Mme eto er ad O. laxa Bie MEOreniiia lh eh ee hoe Ae ee aca canes Siceac os tar eel Race eae ele 3 oa. Pedicels appressed=pubescent 2c. n.nc.2 secede cnc os czctocomes cases 4 Se IeGiCels:-laxly MUDESCOM beste torsses vance eae sonsc aston ee eee O. pilosa 4a. Underground stems with thread-like rootlets or with slender WELEICal POOE fe ssed cde. cece cecerhene dee ee en cee eae 5 4b. Underground stem from woody, elongated rootstock or tuber- CMB sTitetrObI TOOLS. coos, ecvsacasscctocci dances Ussdueksk cavetaets arvek Gash eee 6 5a. Longer filaments glabrous; leaflets 5-12 mm. broad; petals PINT oc ber a) (oy ck Aaa eD Pekar SPER LED OEP UE bem nen et 3 O. corniculata 5b. Longer filaments pubescent; leaflets 13-26 mm. broad; petals ie NINN OEE ace da agibieanSeainsopbaranninensap ited O. Suksdorfii 6a. Capsules longer than pedicels; peduncles as long as petioles or IE EIGER ESS SAC DD EAD, ASE TUS Se mere NES O. albicans 6b. Capsules shorter than pedicels; peduncles much longer than ING nso ceca sath cei abadiotir seleeteesgicorterelacnethcipainaee O. californica AUGUST, 1933] | WESTERN SPECIES OF OXALIS 59 OXALIs HIRTA L. Perennial with bulbs. Stems leafy, 3-30 cm. high, erect or procumbent, slightly hairy. Leaves alternate, sessile, pubes- cent, 5-15 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, the leaflets linear to oblong, almost cuneate. Peduncles axillary, 2-6 times as long as leaves, hairy. Sepals 4-5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, hairy. Corolla 15-23 mm. long, cup-shaped, claws yellow, blade violet. Distribution: southwestern Cape Province. Type locality: South Africa. Specimens. California: Montebello, Los Angeles County, Cecil Hart. It was reported by Wallace A. Brown near Salinas, with draw- ings of the plant and flowers. Oxatis taxa H. & A. Annual. Stems to 7 cm. high, densely but not rosulately leaved. Leaflets wide, obcordate, both surfaces hairy, 20 mm. long, 15 mm. wide, the petioles lax, subhirsute, 4-20 cm. long. Peduncles 8-20 cm. long, slender, frequently two-forked, the branches with three to six flowers. Flowers 12-13 mm. long. Sepals ovate to lanceolate, acute, more or less hairy. Corolla yellow, petals oblong. Stamens somewhat hairy. Styles pubescent. Distribution: central and southern Chile. Type locality: Chile. The only collection of this interesting species known from North America was made in California, 7.5 miles from San Andreas on road to Valley Springs, Calaveras County, J. T. Howell No. 4706. Oxa.is PILosA Nutt. Perennial, with straight woody root. Stems many, 10-40 cm. high. Leaflets densely pubescent, about as wide as long, obcordate, the petioles about 4 cm. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-1.5 times the petioles, 1-3-flowered, densely soft-hirsute, the pedi- cels hirsute, 1.5-3 cm. long. Sepals 4.5-6 mm. long. Petals yellow, 8-12 mm. long. Longer filaments glabrous. Capsule cylindrical, 13-18 mm. long, densely short-subhirsute, apex abruptly attenuate. Distribution: California to Arizona and Sonora. Type locality: “woods around St. Barbara, California.” Specimens. California: Ellwood, Santa Barbara County, Eastwood No. 180; Santa Barbara, Elmer No. 2925; Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, Elmer No. 4516; Cambria, San Luis Obispo County, Eastwood No. 13581; near Pigeon Point, San Mateo County, J. T. Howell No. 10972; Lake Merced, San Francisco, J. T. Howell No. 11423, L. S. Rose No. 33281. OXALIS CORNICULATA L. Many stems arising from a running root- stock, branched, frequently rooting, slender, leafy. Leaflets wide, cuneate-obcordate, the petioles one to seven times as long as leaflets, sparsely pilose. Peduncles axillary, one to two times as long as the leaves, 1-6-flowered. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 5 mm. long. Corolla 8-10 mm. long, crateriform, pale yellowish, the petals narrow-cuneate. Capsule 12-15 mm. long, covered with adpressed hairs. 60 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VoL. 1, NO. 7 Distribution: world-wide, the type locality European. Of common occurrence as a garden weed on the Pacific Coast. Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Planch. is the form with red- purple leaves, a rather common weed, especially conspicuous when it occurs in lawns. Oxa.is Suxsporru’ Trel. Rhizomes sparsely branched. Stems decumbent or scarcely ascending, 10-30 cm. high, more or less villous. Leaflets bright green, 13-26 mm. wide, both surfaces with sparse hairs. Peduncles equalling petioles or slightly longer, the pedicels hispid. Sepals 4.5-6 mm. long. Petals bright yellow, 12-18 mm. long. Longer filaments pubescent. Capsule oblong, quite robust, densely and minutely pubescent, apex abruptly contracted. Distribution: British Columbia to California. Type locality: Oregon. Specimens. California: Carlotta, Humboldt County, Eastwood No. 12335; Smith River, Del Norte County, Eastwood No.12277A. Oregon: Marshfield, Coos County, Haydon No. 73; Portland, Multnomah County, Eastwood No. 13428. Oxa.is ALBICANS HBK. (0. Wrightii Gray.) Perennial with tuber- ous or turnip-shaped roots. Stems many, erect or subprocumbent, much-branched, leafy. Leaves pubescent, the leaflets as long as wide, 7-8 mm. long, obcordate, the petioles 8-30 mm. long. Peduncles axil- lary, more or less subhirsute. Sepals 4-5 mm. long, more or less purplish-tinged. Petals pale yellow or purplish. Longer filaments glabrous. Capsule cylindrical, 16-20 mm. long, densely tomentose, apex gradually attenuate. Distribution: Texas to Arizona and California, south to Ecuador. Type locality: near Moran, Texas. Specimens. California: Santa Monica Mountains, Epling in 1931; Fall Brook, San Diego County, Jones No. 2652; Santa Ana Canyon, Orange County, J. T. Howell No. 2543; Prisoner’s Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, J. T. Howell No. 6184. OXALIs CALIFoRNICA (Abrams) R. Knuth. Knuth writes: “Related to O. albicans, from which it is distinguished by the size of the leaves and length of pedicels and capsules.” Leaflets 7-16 mm. wide. Sepals 5-6.5 mm. long. Petals 9-13 mm. long. Capsule 11-16 mm. long. Distribution: Southern and Lower California. Type locality: Onofre Mountains, California. This is scarcely and not naturally separable from the Californian material of O. albicans HBK. as that species is treated by Knuth. I am inclined to agree with Jepson, who in his Manual of the Flower- ing Plants of California includes Xanthoxalis californica Abrams in Oxalis Wrightii Gray, the latter being a synonym of O. albicans HBK. according to Knuth. AUGUST, 1933] NEW MANZANITAS 61 NEW MANZANITAS FROM SANTA CRUZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA BY ALICE EASTWOOD Arctostaphylos subcordata Eastwood, spec. nov. Frutex erecto- patens, circa 1-2 m. altus; ramis senioribus glabris, rubro-brunneis, junioribus cinereo-tomentosis et plerumque vestitis villis divaricatis, glandulosis; foliis senioribus viridibus ovato-ellipticis vel sublanceo- latis, 2-5 cm. longis, 1.5-3 cm. latis, basi subcordatis, plerumque trun- catis, obtusis acutisve, margine integris, glandulare ciliatis, apice cuspidatis mucronatisve; petiolis 2-5 mm. longis, hispidis; foliis juni- oribus dense cano-pubescentibus margine rubescentibus; paniculis sessilibus, floribus dense congestis; bracteis foliaceis, ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, 4-10 mm. longis, viscidis et glandulare ciliatis; pedicellis 2-5 mm. longis, bracteis brevioribus; sepalis orbiculatis incurvis, 2 mm. latis; corolla 4 mm. longa lataque; filamentis basi latis et ciliatis; ovario dense cano-villoso; drupa globoso-depressa, rubescenti, parce villosa. This shrub has the old stems smooth and chocolate-brown, the young being clothed with a fine white pubescence and gener- ally with spreading glandular hairs. The leaves are bright green, variable in shape, but generally somewhat cordate at base; the upper surface is generally glossy and the lower dull and somewhat pubescent; the petioles, as well as the young leaves, are more densely pubescent and the latter are often rosy on the margins. The flowers are in densely flowered sessile panicles with leafy bracts which are edged with glandular hairs and which exceed the glandular pedicels. The sepals are white, rounded and incurved. The filaments expand to a broad ciliate base and carry dark red, tailed anthers. The ovary is densely white-hairy and the berry is slightly hairy, reddish, and depressed-globular. When ripe, the berries are ridged by the separable seeds. Type: No. 188732, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected by John Thomas Howell, No. 6335, April 13, 1931, near the west end of Santa Cruz Island. Other collections from Santa Cruz Island are: near the west end, Howell Nos. 6327, 6334, 6336, 6337, and Hoffmann No. 357 ; stony ridge above Fry’s Harbor, Hoffmann; China Harbor, Howell Nos. 6369 and 6370; Ravenswood, Howell Nos. 6229 and 6230; Pelican Bay, Howell No. 6401, 62 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. 1, NO. 7 Abrams & Wiggins Nos. 164 and 165. The leaves of the last two are noted as dull green on the upper surface, but in the dried specimens the leaves are glossy. This species is related to A. glandulosa Eastwood. It is most readily distinguished by the generally subcordate leaves, bright green when old but clothed when young with a white close pubescence. The white flowers are dense in the sessile glandular panicles and in bud the bracts are densely aggregated and the branches have a heavy aspect. Arctostaphylos pechoensis Dudley var. viridissima Eastwood, var. nov. Frutex 1-2 m. altus; ramis senioribus badiis, junioribus dense et minute tomentosis et villosis, villis canis et divaricatis; foliis viri- dissimis, basi auriculatis, subsessilibus. This differs from typical A. pechoensis in the hairy stems and the bright green subsessile leaves. There is some variation in the leaves on any shrub, a few leaves being truncate or obtuse at base, but in general the leaves are rounded at apex and auricu- late at base and are often overlapping. Type: No. 188755, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected at China Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, April 14, 1931, by John Thomas Howell, No. 6368. Other specimens from the same locality are: Howell Nos, 6365, 6366, 6367, and Hoffmann No. 359. These are all in fruit. The following specimens are from the mainland: Point Sal, Santa Barbara County, May 31, 1931, Hoffmann; amid Pinus muricata, five miles north of Lompoc on road to Casmailia, April 16, 1932, Hoffmann; on road from Lompoc to Harris, Santa Barbara County, Eastwood No. 16840; near Morro Bay, May 1, 1931, Gertrude Sinsheimer, in flower. Arctostaphylos insularis Greene var. pubescens Eastwood, var. nov. Panicula in alabastro pubescens; ovario villoso et drupa pubes- cente. This variety differs from the type only in pubescence. Dr. Greene collected both forms, the pubescent one in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences (type, No. 261B, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.), the glabrous one in Parry’s Herbarium at the State College of Iowa. This was described by Parry as smooth throughout with the exception of the glandular pedicels. AUGUST, 1933] FIELD NOTES ON THE MANZANITAS 63 I am indebted to Jess Fultz for the report on the type in the Parry Herbarium and fragments from the specimens deposited there. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ARCTOSTAPHYLOS ON SANTA CRUZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA 1. Leaves bright green on upper surface, white with dense tomen- 10 fea Wes dll LON ha eae ee eres tee NR ed RAM MN CL ar aN ek a A. tomentosa 1. weaves bright: green ‘on both stirtaces..0 5 2 2. Pubescence glandular; panicles in bud with thick branches Nee Ste NE afer TON fe Reh erie te DM emma a a ANA HEEL A. subcordata BeAr OUESCOMCE: Ter Tame cn ee Oe at ee ee 3 3. Leaves subsessile, mainly rounded at top and auriculate at base Yao SEROMA TMs hg PR Steer BENE aay A. pechoensis var. viridissima 3. Leaves petiolate, not auriculate; panicles in bud with slender Drancwes: 2 ee SPRAIN toes one e ted ewe Ee meee a ENE 4 Abeer Aad OVAry, @laDrinteaey. jo. Li ce Se A. insularis 4. Bracts and ovary pubescent.......................- A. insularis var. pubescens FIELD NOTES ON THE MANZANITAS OF SANTA CRUZ ISLAND BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL ARCTOSTAPHYLOS INSULARIS Greene. From the Main Ranch, with its picturesque buildings, well-tilled vineyards, and Old World atmosphere, the trail to Cochie Bay climbs to the summit of the ridge on the south side of the central valley, Valle del Medio, and descends Cochie Canyon to the bay on the southern shore of the island. One of the notable elements in the chapar- ral on the higher ridges along this route is Arctostaphylos imsularis Greene, a distinctive manzanita with bark gray- glaucous over reddish-brown. This manzanita is perhaps the most abundant and widespread species of the genus on Santa Cruz Island. It grows in the pine groves at Pelican Bay and at the west end, and it is the dominant element in the chaparral at various places along the ridge on the south side of Valle del Medio. It was not seen in the pine forest at China Harbor. Arctostaphylos insularis is also the largest manzanita on the island. While generally it is a shrub 1.5 to 2.5 m. tall, occasion- ally it becomes arborescent and up to 5 m. tall with a single 64 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [voL. 1, NO. 7 trunk and a broad rounded crown. One individual at Pelican Bay was nearly 4 m. tall with a spread of about 5 m. and with a trunk 0.52 m. in diameter. The stems do not form a platform at the ground and are killed by fire, as was observed in a small burn at Pelican Bay. Although the typical and pubescent varieties were found growing together, it was generally noted that the pubescent variety was more abundant near the coast and that the typical glabrous variety was more abundant in the interior, The glaucescent bark, which, among Californian man- zanitas, is known otherwise only in A. myrtifolia Parry, is very thin and soft and can be easily scraped by a finger-nail. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS SUBCORDATA Eastwood. As one goes west from the grassland of Puerta Zuela Ranch to the pine forest near the west end of Santa Cruz Island, a borderland of brush or chaparral is traversed before reaching the forest itself. One of the typical shrubs in this association is Arctostaphylos sub- cordata Eastwood, which reaches its fullest development at the edge of the pines. There erect chocolate-colored stems arise from woody platforms to a height of 2 to 3 m. and form dense, almost impenetrable thickets. On rocky slopes at Pelican Bay and China Harbor subprostrate variants occur together with plants of erect habit. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS PECHOENSIS var. VIRIDISSIMA Eastwood. Great pale cream cliffs of chert rise from the blue ocean at China Harbor, a small cove on the north side of Santa Cruz Island at its narrowest part. A steep narrow canyon extends in from the place of landing, and on the slopes and ridges at the head of the several forks of the canyon is one of the three pine forests of the island. As in the forests at the west end and at Pelican Bay, an interesting group of shrubs is found associated with the pines, and among the shrubs manzanitas are the most abundant. The only record of Arctostaphylos pechoensis var. viridissima Eastwood on the island is in this association. The plants do not form a dense chaparral, but are usually disposed in an open manner on the border of the pine forest. The plants are erect with a single trunk from the base and are usually 1-2.5 m. tall. None of the plants was observed to form a woody platform at the ground. VoL. I LEAFLETS of No. 8 WESTERN BOTANY ¥ CON ICEN Es. Escallonias in Golden Gate Park . ALICE Eastwoop Notes on Some Plant Introductions, Mostly Californian J. W. STAcEy Wanted: Specimens of Carex Simulism and Ceanothus fresnensis Joun Tuomas HoweLi Two New Plant Migrants in Montana C. Leo HitcucocKk New Species of Californian Arctostaphylos ALICE EAstTwoop Martynia louisianica Miller—A Correction JouHN THomaAs HowELi SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA NOVEMBER 4, 1933 80 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the native flora of western North America, appearing about four times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. PAS RRR Ul Re ee UC EU) ik Br MAb eu kaa bias bd Owned and published by Auice Eastwoop and Joun THomas Howe.i oo 2 NUV Ld 1933 BOTANICAL NOVEMBER, 1933] ESCALLONIAS GARDEN 65 ESCALLONIAS IN GOLDEN GATE PARK BY ALICE EASTWOOD These beautiful shrubs that are so much at home in Golden Gate Park and other parts of California are natives of South America. The name was given by Mutis, a Spanish botanist, in honor of Escallon, his pupil and companion while traveling in South America. Besides the true species that are cultivated, there are many notable hybrids, some of which surpass in beauty and vigor the parents from which they were derived. The genus belongs to the diverse Saxifrage Family which includes also gooseberries, currants, hydrangeas, saxifrages, Philadelphus (mock orange), Parnassia, and many more less well known groups. The Escallonias bloom profusely, some in panicles or racemes terminating erect stems, some in short lateral branch- lets, or solitary, often forming lovely wreath-like festoons. The colors range from deep crimson to rose-pink, white, and in one, pale straw-color. . They may be conveniently divided into two main groups, one with salverform flowers, the claws of the petals erect form- ing a tube and the blades a flat limb, the other with the petals spreading from the base and the claws not forming a tube. The first group will be described in the present article and the second in the next issue of this publication. With few exceptions the foliage and stems are dotted with glands, the glands present only on the lower side of the leaves except in E. franciscana where they are conspicuous on both sides. The aromatic fragrance emanating from some of the species is due to these glands. Other species and hybrids may be cultivated in other parts of California, but none has been seen or reported that is not here included. The more recent hybrids are not yet in general cultivation, but because they are so readily propagated by cut- tings the most desirable may soon be. A hybrid is indicated by 4 preceding the name. The names of the new hybrids came from the nurseries in England and New Zealand from which the plants were received. The only descriptions known are brief Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. I, pp. 65-80, November 4, 1923. 66 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. I, No. 8 ones in the nursery catalogues. Those named by the author were described in the Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 18: 385-391 (1929). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ESCALLONIA WITH CLAWS OF PETALS FORMING A TUBE Tes Petals ywylattet. eeu ee 2 de ea Oe eget, Lo 2 i oMbetals *piMicsOr TOSE: 20-8 bo. eS ee, ee ee 5 2.) Calex inconspicuously red=tinged!.. 0) ee eee 3 = Gays green: paniclés: pyramidal: ee ss eee 4 3. Leaves clothed with white downy hairs, revolute; panicles pyramidal, densely flowered; tall, coarse shrub with downy SeeM ieee te Re 2 eee eee ee 1. E. revoluta 3. Leaves and stems not as in preceding; panicles small; erect- spreading bushy siirtibi. ia ee ee 2. E. rubricalyx 4. Leaves wavy and serrate, glandular; claws of petals longer than the narrow, revolute blades; panicle as if varnished; tall erect Shrub! strongly aromaticn sss 3. E. illinita 4. Leaves serrate but not wavy, glandular beneath only; claws of petals about as long as the broad, flat blades; tall erect shrub, sometimes trimmed as a treé................ 4. E. Grahamiana 3.) Petals: pink of pink-tinged = Wi on) oe oe 6 5.) Petals: rose. Or scrimsSon st 2 2) 3 ee ee ee 10 6. Leaves large, gland-dotted on both sides; corolla pink, with claws of petals longer than breadth of limb; tall, vigorous Shiri: Maronratic ve: Caer Ye oe ee 5. E. franciscana 6. Leaves gland-dotted beneath only; flowers pink-tinged_......... 7 7. *Blowers in large pyramidal) panicles.2).-... ee ee 8 J;) Blow ets in ‘one-sided: ‘panicles’ ..22 8. eee 9 8. Corolla with flat limb; calyx glandular... 6. E. Fretheyi 8. Corolla limb not flat; calyx not glandular... 7. E. Rockii 9. Corolla rose-tinged; leaves glandular beneath.......... 8. E. exoniensis 9. Corolla almost white; leaves without glands.......... 9. E. pterocladon Lovee aniclesbroad, many-lowered | ee ee ntl eee ita! LO eanicles longer than ‘wide sesso oo cs ee ce nee 13 11. Leaves broader than, or as broad as long, gland-dotted beneath, elossy above: flowers large. 47 ee 10. E, macrantha Min elseaves: longer than broads celcctty- ccd teres ache enaxee hve 12 12. Stems glandular and clothed with short white hairs; flowers large, with claws longer than blades...................... 11. E. Ingrami 12. Stems and leaves smooth; flowers with claws as long as width of limb; young weak stems surpassing the round panicles ALTO AIS ce SDE SS SDE ae Bear hd Ee oS Me SEEMS 12. E. organensis 13. Panicles generally one-sided, many-flowered........0.0....02....00.....-. 14 13. Panicles few-flowered, flowers sometimes solitary..........-.......... 16 14. Flowers bright rose, claws of petals longer than width of DYNES My ger te la crea cans tncamnsdph onde ad ate eaebeesotais ieebs auc cuausotenecestine 13. E. rubra NOVEMBER, 1933] ESCALLONIAS 67 14. Similar to E. rubra but flowers pale rose, claws of petals darker elon ay bona g) 2 Pastas OE te Ee, Oe pe ee on oe wee ae PE ER SALE Ue Peep y ae 15 j AM Tt AR 9 SL) We ae Be OD SE ER 14. E. Balfourii RAMS Sree a tr dec Ts SER MEE SO ee BEAD Leds ene aey Enya ene eee aaE 15. E. demissa 16. Loosely branching shrub; calyx rounded at base....16. E. glutinosa 16. Drooping shrub; calyx pointed at base... 17. E. punctata 16. Low shrub; leaves pointed at both ends; flowers small, gener- ally solitary at ends of branchlets................. 18. E. rubra uniflora 1. EscALLONIA REVOLUTA Pers. Figured in Bot. Mag., pl. 6949, also Ruiz & Pvon, Fl. Peru and ‘Chile, pl. 236a.