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Whe Wt De oe ‘ eerie Pa oaen Art fen Ly tea ori} A Sas Rs iy cass date PH re ie if ven ‘ OHNE AE Be be ei enero et eel Pon Wile geste adel bikie ’ 1 ath Been OMe St ae Weir err tt ot et ce pte ae Dd dinwede mbabede hs LP ipnaade wr a Take Were oy Gabe PUR atte Ce BBA AAG alee daa ted wha be ub § Oe ee RT GRO TEM peks KGL tide be PH eee Jesey wttotiy ene ote) on earn a 4b eecgtuy PANE TM dep ay OF DG Day Kenly OE UA AC raya Sivas kel cay. tO eT LD ee ees) eee Pn Te TT ae BY Le) : UM teldinwuind HT ; W Rie iy ee Ae “Hey etme ee ~~ ee ae Y r NY 7 Vay ee i) , cs $3 7 A | 31 y x v pid oh! P LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY VoLuME VI LIBRARY NEW YORB BOTANICA f RRA be SOS TAY £4 aN SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 1950-1952 Owned and Published by Joun THOMAS HOWELL Printed by James J. Gillick & Company Berkeley, California Gi Vol. VI No. | LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS PAGE Mosses of California: an Annotated ListofSpecies . . . 1 Lro Francis Kocu SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA FEBRUARY 24, 1950 LEAFLETS ae WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bort. Owned and published by Joun ‘THomaAs HOWELL MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA: AN ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES? BY LEO FRANCIS KOCH The information acquired about the mosses of California in the nineteenth century is largely the result of the efforts of two men: Henry N. Bolander, who first collected them systemati- cally, and Leo Lesquereux, who first studied Bolander’s material. The results of their work appeared in two articles written by Lesquereux (1865, 1868). “A Catalogue of Pacific Coast Mosses,” the later of the two papers, reported 215 species from California. H. N. Bolander (1870), Sereno Watson (1880), and Lesquereux and James (1884) obviously based their reports for mosses in California almost entirely upon these two contributions. Next in importance are the field work and publications of Marshall A. Howe (1894, 1896, 1897). In Marin Co. alone, he collected such rarities as Acaulon muticum, Camptothecium alsioides, Fissidens pauperculus, and Triquetrella californica. Since his time, only incidental collections have been made, and a few miscellaneous papers have been published on the mosses of California. The ‘Moss Flora of North America North of Mexico’ (Grout, 1928-40) contains 265 species with ranges including California. The present work lists 317 species. In the remarks about distribution within California, the fol- lowing terminology is adopted: 1. Northern California extends from the Oregon boundary to Mendocino Co. and Lake Tahoe inclusive. 2. Central California is the area south of Mendocino Co. and Lake Tahoe, as far as and including the Santa Lucia and the Tehachapi Mts. 3. Southern California includes the remainder of the state south to the Mexican boundary and the desert areas as far north as the northern boundary of Inyo Co. 4. Sierras includes all the high mountain ranges in the north- ern two-thirds of the state as well as the Sierra Nevada. 1Paper from the Herbarium and Department of Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, pichigan. Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 1-40, February 24, 1950. Z LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 5. Redwoods represents the range of the Coast Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, from southern Oregon south along the coast to the Santa Lucia Mts., Monterey Co., California. 6. Bay area includes Marin Co., Sonoma Co., Solano Co., Con- tra Costa Co., Alameda Co., San Francisco Co., and San Mateo : Co. The distribution of widespread species is indicated by one of the following designations: 1. Cosmopolitan, species that are reported from every conti- nent; 2. Bipolar-montane, species that are known from both hemi- spheres, and in most instances are reported also from isolated stations in the higher mountain ranges of the Temperate and Torrid zones; 3. Circumboreal, species that are found in all the boreal con- tinents, their range extending southward in elevated regions, but not into the southern hemisphere; 4. Arctic-montane, species that have their greatest concentra- tion in the Arctic, but are also known from disjunct mountains southward in the northern hemisphere; 5. Europe-North America, species that are common to Europe and North America; 6. North Pacific Basin, species that are common to the oceanic areas of eastern Asia and western North America; 7. Boreal America, species that are restricted to the North American continent north of Mexico; they may have a trans- continental range or be limited to the Rocky Mts. westward; 8. Sonora, species that inhabit the desert areas of the south- western United States and northern Mexico. A number of so- called “endemic” species are known only from sections of this region such as Southern or Central California, Southern Califor- nia and Baja California, Southern California and Arizona, etc. Anomalous species that cannot be classified in any of the de- fined categories are Orthodontium pellucens, Tortula prin- ceps, and Vesicularia amphibola. The arrangement of families is essentially that of Brotherus (1924-25). A concerted effort has been made to conform with the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. When a bi- nomial is used that was not accepted by Grout (1928-40), the FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 3 requisite synonymy and its page reference in the “Moss Flora” are given. Unless otherwise stated, a question mark indicates that the author has not seen a specimen of the species from California. A name preceded by two asterisks (**) indicates a new record for California, while a name preceded by one asterisk (*) indi- cates a plant reported from California but not included in the range given in the “Moss Flora.” Acknowledgments. 1 am indebted to the following institu- tions and individuals for the loan of herbarium specimens: California Academy of Sciences (CAS), Duke University (Grout Herbarium, AJG, and Herbarium of the American Bryological Society, ABS), New York Botanical Garden (Elizabeth Gertrude * Britton Moss Collection, EGB), Stanford University at Stanford, California (DS), University of California at Berkeley (UCB), at Los Angeles (UCLA), University of Michigan at Ann Arbor (UMAA), Dr. H. S. Conard (HSC), and Dr. E. B. Bartram (EBB). Important private collections which were studied are those made by D. G. Catcheside, W. B. Cooke, I. M. Haring, G. J. Ikenberry, J. M. Linsdale, E. E. Morse, and H. K. Wagnon. Bryologists who determined specimens in certain genera and families are A. L. Andrews, E. B. Bartram, H. S. Conard, Seville Flowers, Geneva Sayre, A. J. Sharp, W. C. Steere, E. C. Wallace, W. H. Welch, and F. E. Wynne-Hillier. Many valuable refer- ences to the literature were received from W. C. Steere and E. V. Watson. SPHAGNACEAE SPHAGNUM CAPILLACEUM2 (Weiss) Schrank, Baier. Fl. 2: 435 (1789). Upper Tuolumne Canyon, Bolander (Lesq., 1868)3; a second collection, Bolander 6, in the Lesq. herbarium (Andrews, pers. comm.). Bipolar-montane. SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM Wils. in Hook., Crypt. Bot. Antarct. Voy. 92 (1845). Mt. Brewer at 11,000 ft., Brewer (Lesq., 1868); Mt. Dana, Bolander (Lesq., 1868)3; type specimens of S. microphyllum and S. Bolanderi (Warnstorf, 1891) acc. Andrews (1913). Bipolar-montane. SPHAGNUM MAGELLANICUM Brid., Musco. Recent. 2(1):24 (1798). California, James 71 (EGB). Bipolar-montane. SPHAGNUM MENDOCINUM Sull. & Lesq. in Sull., Icon. Musc. Suppl. 12 (1874). Near Mendocino City, Mendocino Co., Bolander, first described as S. sub- secundum var. longifolium by Lesq. (1868); near Kings River at 8000-9000 ft., Fresno Co., Brewer (Lesq., 1868, as S. auriculatum); North Fork, Little River, Mendocino Co., Howe 607, 688. Pacific Coast. 2California was not included in the range of this species by Andrews (1913). 8The Mt. Dana collection cited by “Les dss), te ol - acutifolium, was determined Andrews (pers. comm.) as ‘‘poorly dev oped S. fi 4 LEAFLETS OF Ww ESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 SPHAGNUM PALUSTRE L., Sp. Pl. 2:1106 (1753). Mendocino Co., northward; remarkably enough not reported from the Sierra Nevada. Brotherus (1924) said ‘“‘.. . fast kosmopolitisch, nicht in Afrika.” SPHAGNUM PLUMULOSUM Roell, Flora 69:89 (1886). California, Bolander 211 (EGB, as S. subnitens). Bipolar-montane. SPHAGNUM SQUARROSUM*4 Crome in Hoppe, Bot. Zeit. (Regensb.) 2:324 (1803). Abundant on Lassen Peak at 5000 ft., Brewer (Lesq., 1868); Yosemite Nat. Park, Byxbee, Eastwood 339; Tehama Co., Butler 5. Circumboreal. SPHAGNUM SUBSECUNDUM Nees in Sturm, Deut. Fl., Crypt. 5(17) tab. 3 (1819). Mendocino swamps and near Mariposa Big Trees, Bolander (Lesq., 1868); Sierra Nevada at 9000 ft., Brewer (Sull. & Lesq., 1865); probably the same collection, Brewer 2794 (CAS), labelled: “in Sierras near Camp 167, Tulare Co.”; Spanish Peak at 6500 ft., Plumas Co., Leiberg 5437. Circum- boreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). SPHAGNUM TERES (Schp.) Aongstr. in Hartm., Skand. Fl. (ed. 8) 417 (1861). Near Lassen Peak at 5000 ft., Brewer (Lesq., 1868); Mt. Shasta, Brown 659 (EGB); Willow Lake, Plumas Co., Austin (EGB), Bruce 2398 (UCB); Eldo- rado Co., Stebbins (LFK 2315). Circumboreal. EXCLUDED SPECIES SPHAGNUM COMPACTUM Lamk. & DC. Specimens from Yosemite Valley and Mt. Dana, Bolander (Lesq., 1868) are S. squarrosum or S. teres (Andrews, pers. comm.). SPHAGNUM PAPILLosuM Lindb. I have been unable to substantiate the report by Lepage (1947) of California in the range of this species. ANDREAEACEAE ANDREAEA BLytTri Schp., Bryol. Eur. 6(62-64) M:25, tab. 635 (1855). Cali- fornia, Bolander (EGB, annotated “an unusual collection” by Sharp). Arctic- montane. PANDREAEA RUPESTRIS Hedw., Sp. Musc. 47 (1801). In California acc. Britton and Emerson (1913), and Sharp (1936). Bipolar-montane. GEORGIACEAE TETRAPHIS PELLUCIDA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 45 (1801). Redwoods, near Big River City (Mendocino Co.?), Bolander (Lesq., 1865); near Eureka, Hum- boldt Co., Howe 459, 912; near Trinidad, Humboldt Co., Tracy 15257 (UCB); Sisson, Siskiyou Co., Howe 101. Circumboreal. DITRICHACEAE CERATODON PuURPUREUS (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:480 (1826). Common everywhere. Cosmopolitan. DIsTICHIUM CAPILLACEUM (Hedw.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 2(29-30) M:4, tab. 193 (1846). Frequent in the high Sierras, south to Tulare Co., R. R. Koch (LFK 2170). Bipolar-montane. 4A specimen (CAS) labelled: ‘Santa Barbara, California; H. A. Warne, 1878” is doubtful. Confirmation of this unlikely station is desirable. FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 5 DISTICHIUM INCLINATUM (Hedw.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 2(29-30) M:5, tab. 194 (1846). Soda Springs, Upper Tuolumne, Yosemite Nat. Park, Bo- lander (Lesq., 1868); a specimen at New York (EGB), merely labelled “Cali- fornia” is presumably this collection. Arctic-montane. DirRICHUM AMBIGUUM Best, Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 20:117 (1893). Humboldt Co. to Santa Cruz Co, and inland to Placer Co. and Tuolumne Co. Pacific Coast, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). DITRICHUM HETEROMALLUM (Hedw.) Britt., No. Am. Fl. 15:64 (1913). Hum- boldt Co., Howe; San Benito Co., R. R. Koch (LFK 1329). Europe-North America. DirricHuM Scuimperi (Lesq.) Paris, Index Bryol. 396 (1896). Northern California, south to Marin Co. and Yosemite Valley. Pacific Coast. ?PLEURIDIUM ACUMINATUM Lindb., Svenska Vet.-Akad. Stockh. Oefv. 20:406 (1863). Near San Rafael, Bolander (Lesq., 1868). The Californian moss known by this name does not seem identical with the European and eastern North American species; its relation to P. Bolanderi is not clear to me. Circumboreal. PLEuRIDIUM BoLaANnpErI C. Muell.5 in Jaeger, St. Gall. Nat. Ges., Ber. 1869:91 (1869). Common in Central California, south to San Luis Obispo Co., Allen, Ikenberry. Pacific Coast. PLEURIDIUM CALIFORNICUM Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:31 (1936). Foothills, Altadena, Kingman (type, Holz. exs. No. 330 as P. Bolanderi). A number of specimens from Central California resemble the type of this species, but also contain plants matching P. Bolanderi, and are probably that species. Unfortunately, I have not been able to do the field work necessary to solve this taxonomic riddle. California only. EXCLUDED SPECIES DitRIcHUM PuUSILLUM (Hedw.) Britt. was listed for California doubtfully by Grout (1928-40). Specimens seen, so named, are D. ambiguum. DITRICHUM TORTULOIDES Grout was reported from Marin Co., Howe 92 (EGB) by the author (Grout, 1927). The two plants that Grout segregated from this collection appear to me to belong with the rest of the specimen to D. ambiguum. SELIGERIACEAE **BuinpiA acuta (Hedw.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 2(33-36) M:3, tab. 114 (1846). Cisco to Summit (Placer Co.?), Bolander 359, 373 (EGB); vicinity of Echo Lake, Eldorado Co., Conard (HSC); near Vernal Falls, Yosemite Nat. Park, Mariposa Co., MacFadden 17448; Lower Soldier Lake, Tulare Co., Howell (LFK H154b). Arctic-montane, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). DICRANACEAE ANISOTHECIUM VARIUM (Hedw.) Mitt., Linn. Soc. Lond., Journ. Bot. 12:40 (1869). Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schp.; MFNA 1:56. Common at low altitudes in Central California; south to Santa Catalina Id., Millspaugh 4872 (Williams in Millsp. & Nutt., 1923). Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). 5A report by Roth (1911) for this species “bei Chikago,’”’ must surely be a misidentification. 6 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 BrucuiA BOLANDERI Lesq., Cal. Acad, Sci. Mem. 1:5 (1868). Near Big Tree Grove, Westfall’s Meadow at 8000 ft., Bolander (type EGB). California only. DICHODONTIUM PELLUCIDUM (Hedw.) Schp., Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 12 (1855). Nine collections in Northern California and the Sierras, south to Tulare Co., R. R. Koch (LFK 2158, UMAA). Circumboreal. DICRANELLA HETEROMALLA (Hedw.) Schp., Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 13 (1855). Infrequent in Northern California. Circumboreal; also in Bolivia, acc. Herzog (1916). ?DICRANELLA SUBULATA (Hedw.) Schp., Coroll. Bryol. Eur, 13 (1855). Mt. Dana at 8000-10,000 ft., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868). Arctic-montane. DICRANOWEISSIA CIRRATA (Hedw.) Lindb., Svenska Vet.-Akad. Stockh. Oefv. 21:230 (1864). Abundant in Northern and Central California, south to Monterey, Madera, and Tulare Cos.; Los Angeles Co., Moxley 1158 (Mox- ley, 1928). Circumboreal; also Hawaii acc. Bartram (1933b). DICRANOWEISSIA CONTERMINA Ren. & Card. in Holz., Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3:269 (1895). D. crispula var. contermina, type seen, EGB; MFNA 1:73. Big Valley Mts., Modoc Co., Baker & Nutting 45 (EGB, CAS); Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., Cooke (3 coll,, UMAA). Pacific Coast. *DIcRANUM BONJEANI de Not. in Lisa, Elenco dei Muschi 29 (1837). Eureka, Humboldt Co., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868); Drumheller Dam, Placer Co., MacFadden 9803; Mendocino Co., Howe 593a. Circumboreal. DIcRANUM FUSCESCENS Smith, Flora Brit. 3:1204 (1804). Northern Cali- fornia, primarily in redwoods, south to San Mateo Co. Also D. congestum Brid. (D. fuscescens var. congestum in MFNA), acc. Paris (1904). Circum- boreal. DIcRANUM SCOPARIUM Hedw., Sp. Musc. 126 (1801). Northern California, south to Alameda Co. but not as common as farther north in its range. Circumboreal. ONCOPHORUS VIRENS (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:399 (1826). Tuolumne Canyon and Mono Pass, Bolander, as Dicranum virens var. serratum Schp.. (Lesq., 1868); Mt. Shasta, Cooke 14690 (Cooke, 1941). Arctic-montane. ORTHODICRANUM STRICTUM Broth., Laubm. Fennosk. 92 (1923). Dicranum strictum Schleich., not Smith, 1804; MFNA 1:80. Northern California, south to Santa Cruz Co., Koch 2048, and Tulare Co., Ikenberry. Circumboreal. EXCLUDED SPECIES DICRANOWEISSIA CRISPULA (Hedw.) Lindb. is commonly listed as growing in California but I have been unable to verify the record. The species may yet be found on the higher peaks of the Sierras. DicRANUM BerGERI Bland. was reported by Rau & Hervey (1880) as D. Schraderi Schwaegr. with California in its range. DICRANUM SPURIUM Hedw. was given from California by Rau & Hervey (1880). ONcoPHORUS WAHLENBERGI Brid. var. comMPpAcTus (Funck) Br. & Schp. Lesq. & James (1884) cited collections from Tuolumne Canyon and Mono Pass, Bolander, as Cynodontium virens var. compactum Br. & Schp.; these should have been included under var. serratum Schp..as they were first recorded by Lesq. (1868). FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 7 FISSIDENTACEAE ?FISSIDENS ADIANTHOIDES Hedw., Sp. Musc. 157 (1801). In California acc. Grout (1928-40, 1943), but without further data. Circumboreal. **FiIssIDENS BRYOIDES Hedw., Sp. Musc. 153 (1801). Previous reports from California (Bradshaw, 1926; Moxley, 1928) were based on specimens of F. limbatus (Moxley, 1929; Grout, 1928-40, 1943). Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Ikenberry 1358a. Dr. Ikenberry generously allows me to publish this record in advance of a report being prepared upon his extensive Californian collections. Rock Creek at 10,500 ft., Tulare Co., Howell (LFK H177a). Circumboreal. FIssIDENS GRANDIFRONS Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 1:170 (1806). On rocks in or along streams, frequently in calcareous regions, throughout Northern and Central California. Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). FIssIpENS LIMBATUS Sull., Pac. R. R. Rep. 4:185 (1856). Abundant except at high altitudes. Extremely variable; many specimens have been variously determined as F. minutulus, F. bryoides, F. incurvus, F. sublimbatus, F. tamarindifolius, and F. viridulus. Var. BREVIFOLIUsS (Card. & Ther.) Grout from Soldier’s Home, Los Angeles, Hasse (type). Western Boreal America, but common only in California. In Puerto Rico acc. Grout (1943). FissIDENS PAUPERCULUS Howe, Erythea 2:97 (1894). Near Mill Valley, Marin Co., Howe 80 (UCB, type); recollected in Marin Co. by Howe and by Koch (Koch, 1948); Big Basin Redwood State Park, Santa Cruz Co., Koch 2207a (Koch, 1949). Probably grows elsewhere in the Redwoods. California only. FIsSIDENS RUFULUS Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 1(46-47) M. Suppl. 2:1, tab. 102 (1851). Sporadic throughout Northern California, south to Santa Cruz Co., Koch 2075, and Tulare Co., Ikenberry 46. Californian plants do not agree well with European ones; perhaps F. ventricosus Lesq. is, after all, a distinct species. Europe-North America. OcTODICERAS FONTANUM (LaPyl.) Lindb., Svenska Vet.-Akad. Stockh., Oefv. 20:405 (1863). Fissidens julianus (Mont.) Schp.; MFNA 1:11. California, Bolander (EGB); Napa Co., Koch 1397 (UMAA). Aquatic, attached to rocks or wood; probably widespread but overlooked. Cosmopolitan at lower alti- tudes and latitudes. EXCLUDED SPECIES FIssIDENS MINUTULUS Sull. Paris (1904) included California in the range of this species; Grout (1943) merely said: “occasionally west of the Rocky Mountains.” Several specimens from California, determined as this species and apparently seen by Grout, appear to me to be forms of F. limbatus. FIssIDENS VIRIDULUS (Web, & Mohr) Wahlenb. was listed by Rau & Hervey (1880, as F. incurvus) with California in its range; apparently they consid- ered F, limbatus a synonym of that species. ENCALYPTACEAE ENCALYPTA CILIATA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 61 (1801). Infrequent in Northern California, south to Yosemite Valley, Bolander, MacFadden, Koch. Circum- boreal. 8 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 ENCALYPTA RHABDOCARPA Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 1(1):56 (1811). On lava rocks near Egg Lake, Modoc Co., Baker & Nutting, acc. Howe (1897); Surprise Canyon, Panamint Mts., as Leersia trachymitra (Ripart) Holz. acc. Holzinger (Coville, 1893); east side of Army Pass, Inyo Co., Howell (CAS, LFK H136). Arctic-montane. ENCALYPTA VULGARIS Hedw., Sp. Musc. 60 (1801). Eight collections from Mt. Diablo, Bolander, Howe, and Placer Co., MacFadden, south to Los Angeles Co., Allen. Bipolar-montane. EXCLUDED SPECIES ENCALYPTA STREPTOCARPA Hedw. Rau & Hervey (1880) and Paris (1904, as E. contorta), reported California in the range of this species, but Flowers (1938) limited its range in the west to British Columbia. POTTIACEAE ACAULON MUTICUM (Hedw.) C. Muell., Bot. Zeit. (Leipz.) 5:99 (1847). Meadow near Mission Dolores, Bolander (Lesq., 1868); roadside near the “Old Mill,” Mill Valley, Marin Co., acc. Howe (1896). Europe-North America. ALOINA ALOIDES (Schultz) Kindb. var. AMBIGUA (Br. & Schp.) Craig in Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:214 (1939). Pasadena, Palmer, acc. Howe (1897, as Tortula ericaefolia); Santa Catalina Id., Knopf 411, Millspaugh 4589, 4652, acc. Williams in Millsp. & Nutt. (1923, as Aloina ericaefolia). The species, Circumboreal. ALOINA RIGIDA (Hedw.) Kindb. in Limpr., Laubm. Deut. Oest. Schw. 1:637 (1888). Seven collections from Southern California; also from Monterey Co., Linsdale 200, and Mt. St. Helena, Napa Co., Jepson (Koch, 1949). Some specimens are referable to var. pilifera (Br. & Schp.) Limpr. Circumboreal. BARBULA ACUTA (Brid.) Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 4:96 (1819). Four specimens from the vicinity of Stanford University, Santa Clara Co., Baker (Pac. Slope Bry. 33, 157, 351, 352), as B. Bakeri (EGB). Further study will probably prove that these specimens represent a distinct species or variety. Circumboreal. BARBULA BRACHYPHYLLA Sull., Pac. R. R. Rep. 4:186 (1856). Near Benicia, Solano Co., Bigelow (type); San Nicholas Id., Howell 10, acc. Bartram (1933a). California only. BARBULA CONVOLUTA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 120 (1801). Widely distributed except at high altitudes; frequent in the Bay area. Circumboreal. BARBULA CYLINDRICA (MacKay) Schp. in Ruthe, Hedwigia 12:46 (1873). Common to about 5000 ft. except in desert areas. Circumboreal. In Hawaiian Ids. acc. Bartram (1933). **BARBULA UNGUICULATA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 118 (1801). On ground and rocks, Fern Dell, corner of Western and Los Feliz Aves., Los Angeles, Habeeb 1404 (Habeeb, unpublished manuscript). Possibly introduced. Bi- polar-montane. BARBULA VINEALIS Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:830 (1826). Common to about 5000 ft. Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 9 CROSSIDIUM DESERTORUM Holz. & Bartr., The Bryol. 26:72 (1923). San Nicholas Id., Howell 11, acc. Bartram (1933a); on wind blown silt below Fish Trap Mts. south of Indio, Riverside Co., Reed 6, 43 (HSC). Also from Arizona. CROSSIDIUM GRISEUM (Jur.) Jur., Laubmoosfl. 128 (1882). Canyon of the Funeral Mts., west of Amargosa, Inyo Co., acc. Holzinger (Coville, 1893) as Tortula membranifolia. The California collection, Bigelow, cited by Grout (1928-40) is probably that reported by Sullivant (1856) from Arizona as Bar- bula membranifolia. Circumboreal in warmer regions. ?CROSSIDIUM SQUAMIGERUM (Viv.) Jur., Laubmoosfl. 127 (1882). In Cali- fornia, Bigelow, acc. Grout (1928-40). Circumboreal in warmer regions. DeEsMATODON CoNVoLUTUs (Brid.) Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:224 (1939). Common in Southern California, north to Wildcat Canyon, Berkeley, Ala- meda Co., Howe 56 (EGB); Santa Catalina Id., Knopf 299 (Williams in Millsp. & Nutt., 1923). Cosmopolitan in warmer regions. DEsMATODON GUEPINI Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 2 (18-20) M:8, tab. 133 (1843). Santa Catalina Id., Knopf 408A, acc. Williams (Millsp. & Nutt., 1923); Baton Canyon, San Gabriel Mts., Kingman; Oakland, Alameda Co., Bo- lander 47, 330. Also reported from New Mexico and France acc. Grout (1928-40). Europe-North America. DEsSMATODON HENDERSONII (Ren. & Card.) Williams in Millsp. & Nutt., Field Mus. Bot. 5:306 (1923). Five collections from Southern California. Pacific Coast. DESMATODON LATIFOLIUs (Hedw.) Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 4:86 (1819), and var. Muticus Brid. Frequent in the high Sierras at least as far south as Tulare Co., Howell (CAS). Arctic-montane. DESMATODON OBTUSIFOLIUS (Schwaegr.) Schp., Syn. 158 (1860). American manuals credit Bolander with collecting this species but I have not seen the specimen; Alpine Co., Koch 2198; Tulare Co., R. R. Koch (LFK 2160a). Circumboreal. _DESMATODON sysTyLius Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 2(31) M. Suppl. 1:1, tab. 131 (1846). Foot of Mt. Dana, Bolander 114b; Mono Mesa at 12,000 ft. with D. latifolius, Inyo Co., Howell (CAS). Arctic-montane. DIDYMODON RECURViROsSTRIS (Hedw.) Jenn., Man. Mosses W. Pa. 97 (1913). Probably frequent in the high Sierras. Specimens from Mineral King at 7800 ft., Tulare Co., R. R. Koch (LFK 2164, 2176, UMAA) are much larger throughout than those from farther north: Soda Springs, Tuolumne Co., Bolander 84, 94, 171 (EGB); Yosemite Valley and Tenaya Lake, Mariposa Co., Koch 1709, 1750a (UMAA). Bipolar-montane. DIDYMODON RIGIDULUs Hedw., Sp. Musc. 104 (1801). Northern and Central California, south to the San Gabriel Mts., Los Angeles Co., Moxley 1143 (Holzinger exs. No. 654), Kingman (Holzinger exs. No. 461). Californian plants do not have the propagula characteristic of the species elsewhere in its range. Bipolar-montane. Diwymopon Tornaceus (Brid.) Jur., Laubmoosfl. 100 (1882). Frequent in calcareous habitats throughout the state. Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). 10 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 ?DMYMODON TRIFARIUS (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:508 (1826). In Cali- fornia, acc. Steere (1938); Bear Canyon, Los Angeles Co., Moxley 1061, acc. Moxley (1928). Circumboreal. EUCLADIUM VERTICILLATUM (With.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 1(33-36) M:3, tab. 40 (1846). Common in Southern California in calcareous areas; north to Mendocino Co., acc. Howe (1897). Circumboreal at lower altitudes. GYMNOSTOMUM CALCAREUM Nees & Hornsch., Bryol. Germ. 1:153 (1823). Nine collections widely scattered, usually with Didymodon tophaceus or Eucladium verticillatum. Bipolar-montane. ?HUSNOTIELLA REVOLUTA Card., Rev. Bryol. 36:71 (1909). Near Kenwood, Koch 285, acc. Grout (1928-40). This and other specimens I have reported (Koch, 1949) do not match type material from Mexico very closely. They may represent another species not yet attributed to the flora of North Amer- ica. Sonoran, south to Guatemala acc. Bartram (1949). MERCEYA LATIFOLIA Kindb., Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 16:94 (1889). Los An- geles Co., Moxley 1064 (Arroyo Seco, Moxley, 1928), MacFadden 18768. Western Boreal America. PHASCUM CUSPIDATUM Hedw. Sp. Musc. 22 (1801). Frequent in the Bay area but not abundant; Redding, Shasta Co., Baker & Nutting; Santa Mon- ica, Los Angeles Co., Hasse, acc. Howe (1897). Grout (1928-40) referred the Californian plant to var. americanum Ren. & Card. The species, Circum- boreal. PHASCUM HYALINOTRICHUM Card. & Thér., Bot. Gaz. 37:363 (1904). Sol- diers’ Home, Los Angeles, Hasse (type); a second, previously unrecognized, specimen from Southern California, Allen (EGB, as P. cuspidatum). Ma- ture spores, not found in the type, are smooth, oval to spherical, and aver- age 23-25 ,, in diameter. Southern California only. POTTIA ARIZONICA Wareh. in Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:202 (1939). Sull. & Lesq. (1856) No. 119 in part; Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., and San Clemente Id., Munz, acc. Wareham (pers. comm.). Var. MUCRONULATA Wareh., under shrubs in a sandy wash, San Gabriel Canyon, Los Angeles Co., MacFadden 16878, acc. Wareham (1939). The report of Anacalypta Starkeana var. brachyoda by Lesq. (1865) may be based upon the same collection used by Sull. & Lesq. for their exs. No. 119. Southern California and Arizona. POTTIA BRYOIDES (Dicks.) Mitt., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 2) 8:311 (1851). Six collections from Central and Southern California. Circumboreal in warmer regions. Portia FossBercit Bartr., The Bryol. 33:18 (1930). Four collections from Southern California, including the type, near Claremont, Los Angeles Co., Fosberg; Baja California, Howell, acc. Wareham (1939). Southern and Baja California. Portia STARKEANA (Hedw.) C. Muell., Syn. Musc. 1:547 (1849). Five col- lections from Central and Southern California. Circumboreal in warmer regions. In Australia acc. Brotherus (1924). ?TIMMIELLA ANOMALA (Br. & Schp.) Limpr., Laubm. Deut. Oest. Schw. 1:592 (1888). All the manuals credit Bolander and Bigelow with collections of this species from the Bay area. I have examined many specimens of a a FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA ll Timmiella from all over the state and believe that none of them compares well with European or Arizona specimens referred to this species. Sterile specimens may be difficult to name; Grout (1928-40) maintained he could not distinguish them at all. Circumboreal in warm, temperate and sub- tropical regions; in Guatemala acc. Bartram (1949). Timmiella crassinervis (Hampe) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. Trichostomum crassinerve Hampe, Linnaea 30:456 (1860), type seen, EGB; Timmiella vancouveriensis Broth.; MFNA 1:164. Common everywhere except at high altitudes. Pacific Coast. TOorRTULA AMPLEXA (Lesq.) Steere in Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:233 (1939). Central and Southern California but not abundant. California only. TorTuLA BARTRAMII Steere in Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:241 (1939). One collection cited from California without further detail by Steere (1939). Sonora. TortuLa BoLanperr (Lesq.) Howe, Erythea 4:51 (1896). Seven collections, widely scattered, south to San Gabriel Mts., Kingman 641 (EGB). Pacific Coast. TorTULA BREvIPEs (Lesq.) Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1(3)1:431 (1902). Common in Southern California, less frequent northward. Pacific Coast. TorRTULA CALIFORNICA Bartr., The Bryol. 48:92 (1945). Lower Decker Can- yon, Riverside Co., Fosberg 307 (type). California only. TorTULA INERMIS (Brid.) Mont., Arch. de Bot. (Guill.) 1:136 (1833). Fre- quent in Southern California. Circumboreal in warmer regions. TorTULA INTERMEDIA (Brid.) Berk., Handbk. Brit. Mosses 251 (1863). Santa Catalina Id., Millspaugh 4842, 4871, 4881, Knopf 326, 407b, acc. Williams (Millsp. & Nutt., 1923). Many specimens, from widely scattered localities within the state, are labelled this species in American herbaria. None of them appears to me to match the European species precisely. Circumboreal. TorTULA LAEVIPILA (Brid.) Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 2(1):66 (1823). In California, acc. Steere (1939a), but again the California plants do not match European ones very well. Most Californian specimens referred here ap- proach T. princeps except in the corticolous habit and smaller size. Europe- North America. Torruta LATIFOLIA (Bruch) Hartm., Skand. Fl. (ed. 2) 322 (1832). Six collections from Northern and Central California. Europe-North America. TORTULA MUCRONIFOLIA Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 1(1):136 (1811). In California acc. Steere (1939a); not seen. Circumboreal. TorTULA MURALIS Hedw., Sp. Musc. 123 (1801). Widespread at low eleva- tions but uncommon except on rock walls in the Bay area. Almost cosmo- politan; not recorded from high altitudes or latitudes. **ToRTULA NORVEGICA (Web. & Mohr) Lindb., Svenska Vet.-Akad. Stockh. Oefv. 21:245 (1864). Alpine and Nevada Cos., Koch 1797, 2018. Arctic- montane. TorTuLA osTusisst(MA (C. Muell.) Mitt., Linn. Soc. Lond., Journ. Bot. 12:174 (1869). Occasional in Central and Southern California. Sonora. 12 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 ‘TORTULA PAGORUM (Milde) de Not., Epil. Briol. Ital. 542 (1869). On trunks of Quercus agrifolia and Umbellularia californica; campus, Univ. Cal. (Berk.), Alameda Co., Thornberg; admixture in Fabronia pusilla (Grout exs. No. 436), Lopez Creek, San Luis Obispo Co., Allen. Cf. Anderson, 1943; Koch, 1949. Europe-North America. TORTULA PAPILLOSA Wils. in Spruce, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4:193 (1845). On trunk of Quercus agrifolia, Hastings Reservation, Monterey Co., Linsdale 134a; Angels Camp, Calaveras Co., R. R. Koch (LFK 2187a, UMAA); prob- ably widespread but only one previous collection from California, Bolander (EGB). Bipolar-montane. TORTULA PRINCEPS de Not., Syll. Musco. Ital. 170 (1838). Abundant except at high altitudes and in deserts. Bipolar but not at high latitudes or altitudes. TORTULA RURALIFORMIS (Besch.) Dixon, St. Handb. Brit. Mosses 188 (1896). On rocks at about 2000 ft. near Arcata, Humboldt Co., Howe 212 (HSC). Europe-North America. TORTULA RURALIS (Hedw.) Crome in Hoppe, Bot. Zeit. (Regensb.) 2:324 (1803). Throughout California but less common at lower altitudes than T. princeps. Plants from the Sierras are often referable to T. ruralis var. gigantea (Lesq.) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. (Barbula ruralis var. gigantea Lesq., 1868, p. 13.) This variety is not listed in MFNA (Steere, 1939a) but Steere (1940) placed it in synonymy with the species. Bipolar-montane. TORTULA SUBULATA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 122 (1801). Northern California and the Sierras. Var. angustata (Wils.) Limpr. is known in North America only from California acc. Steere (1939a). Circumboreal. TRICHOSTOMOPSIS BREVIFOLIA Bartr., The Bryol. 34:61 (1932). Under shrubs on hilltop, Tuna Canyon, Los Angeles Co., MacFadden 8107 (type); Santa Catalina Id., Millspaugh 4730 in part; San Gabriel Mts., Los Angeles Co., Kingman 725; Pigeon Pass, Box Springs Mts., 1800 ft., Riverside Co., Reed 46 (HSC). California-Arizona. ‘TRICHOSTOMoPsIs FAYAFE Grout, Moss Fi. No. Am. 1:228 (1939). Under shrubs near Sherman Way, Los Angeles, MacFadden 8172 (type); on ground, Arroyo Tequesquite at 700 ft., Riverside Co., Reed 45 (HSC). California only. ‘TRIQUETRELLA CALIFORNICA (Lesq.) Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 3:201 (1934). Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., Bolander (type); near Olema, Marin Co., Howe (Koch, 1949). California only. WEISSIA CONTROVERSA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 67 (1801). W. viridula Hedw.; MFNA 1:155. Common at low altitudes. Cosmopolitan in Temperate and Tropical zones. EXCLUDED SPECIES BARBULA BAKERI Card. & Thér. was excluded by Steere (1938) because the original description does not designate a type and the specimens cited are mixtures (Steere, 1939). BARBULA ELATA Dur. & Mont. was listed for California by Lesq. & James (1884) and Brandegee (1891). Steere (1939) indicated that the specimens involved were probably B. cylindrica. BARBULA FALLAX Hedw. was formerly confused with B. vinealis so that western specimens were often determined B. fallax. A See ul Di t a i ‘i A FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 13 BARBULA MARGINATA Br. & Schp. Western specimens under this name are Tortula muralis acc. Steere (1940). BARBULA SPADICEA (Mitt.) Braithw. Californian specimens referred here by Lesq. (1868) and others are probably Didymodon rigidulus, acc. Steere (1940). BARBULA VAHLIANA Schultz has been reported for California by Sullivant (1856) and later workers on the basis of specimens of both Tortula muralis and T. brevipes acc. Steere (1940). CROSSIDIUM ABERRANS Holz. & Bartr. The collection cited from California by Holzinger and Bartram (1924), is that reported by Sullivant (1856) as Barbula chloronotos from Arizona, Bigelow. DESMATODON CALIFORNICUS Lesq. is not listed in Grout (1928-40) but as the type specimen is cited under Desmatodon convolutus, I assume that it should have been listed as a synonym of that species. HYMENOSTYLIUM RECURVIROSTRUM (Hedw.) Dixon was listed from Cali- fornia in American manuals, apparently on the assumption that Bigelow’s collections reported by Sullivant (1856) were from California. Portia DavaALiu (Smith) Wareh. Los Angeles, Bigelow, acc. Sullivant (1856, as P. minutula). Wareham (1939) excluded this species from the North American moss flora. Portia Hem (Hedw.) Fuernr. Ditches, Soda Springs at 9000 ft., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868). Two specimens (EGB), labelled as above, were long ago redetermined as Didymodon recurvirostris by Britton. PoTTIA LATIFOLIA (Schwaegr.) C. Muell. was listed by Rau & Hervey (1880) with California in its range. PoTTiA MUTICA Vent. was excluded from the North American moss flora by Wareham (1939), who referred the American plants to P. arizonica. PTERIGONEURUM SUBSESSILE (Brid.) Jur. was reported from California by Sullivant (1856). If the specimen still exists, it was unknown to Wareham in 1948. Cf. Koch, 1949. TIMMIELLA FLEXISETA (Bruch) Limpr. is listed from Pacific Coast in Ameri- can manuals. A study of the well-illustrated, original description and the available European specimens (EGB, UMAA) convinces me that this species does not grow in California. All western specimens previously named T. flexiseta are referred to T. crassinervis. TorTULA CUNEIFOLIA Roth from Oakland, on clayey soil, Bolander (Lesq., 1868) is probably T. brevipes acc. Steere (1940). TRICHOSTOMUM CRISPULUM Bruch was listed by Paris (1906) with California in its range. Presumably this is a mistake similar to that made by Grout (1928-40) who said this species was reported from California by Lesq. & James (1884). Actually the Manual gives the following habitat: “On the ground, Guadalupe Island, Lower California (Palmer).” GRIMMIACEAE **Grimia Acassizi (Sull.) Lesq. & James, Man. Mosses No. Am. 136 (1884). Near Feeley Lake, Nevada Co., Koch 2010; at Eagle Falls on Lake Tahoe, Eldorado Co., Koch 1980; H. M. Hall Natural Area, Mono Co., Catcheside 47105 (det. Sayre). Europe-North America. 14 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 1 GRIMMIA ALPESTRIS (Web. & Mohr) Nees, Bryol. Germ. 2(1):139 (1827). Frequent in the Sierras, south to Mt. Pinos at 8000 ft. near the Ventura- Kern Co. line, Bennett 31-40 (HSC). Jones (1933) listed var. Manniae (K. Muell.) Jones from Napa Co., Mann (type). The species, Circumboreal. *GRIMMIA ALPICOLA Hedw. var. RIVULARIS (Brid.) Broth., Laubm. Fennosk. 181 (1923). Ten collections from Northern California and the Sierras, south to Mineral King at 7800 ft., Tulare Co., R. R. Koch (LFK 2161b). Probably frequent throughout the Sierras. The species, bipolar-montane. **GRIMMIA ANODONS Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 3(25-28) M:8, tab. 236 (1845). Mt. St. Helena, Napa Co., Koch 2120a (det. Sayre); near Bridgeport, Mono Co., Alexander (UCB 719364); White Mts., Inyo Co., Setchell & Duran (UCB 545946); Kern Co., MacFadden 17941. Circumboreal. GRIMMIA APOCARPA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 76 (1801). Eight collections from the Sierras, south in the Sierra Nevada to Mariposa Co. and in the Coast Ranges to Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara Co., Koch 1408 (det. Sayre). Var. GRACILIS Web. & Mohr, near Bridal Veil Falls, Yosemite Nat. Park, Mari- posa Co., Ikenberry 1153. The species, Bipolar-montane. **GRIMMIA ARIZONAE Ren. & Card., Rev. Bryol. 19:85 (1892). Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Koch 1720 (det. Sayre). Sonora. *GRIMMIA ATRICHA C. Muell. & Kindb. in Mac. & Kindb., Cat. Can. Pl. 6:65 (1892). Known stations are on Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., and in Inyo and Alpine Cos. Cf. Koch, 1949. Pacific Coast. GRIMMIA BREVIROSTRIS Williams, The Bryol. 23:52 (1920). On granite, near Buck’s Valley, Plumas Co. at 6500 ft., Leiberg 5445 (type); on rocks at summit of Donner Lake Highway, Nevada Co., MacFadden 9008 (UCLA); Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Bolander (EGB), Morse 137 (HSC); Se- quoia Nat. Park, Tulare Co., Degener & Peiler 16970 (EGB). California only. GRIMMIA CALYPTRATA Hook. in Drumm., Musci Bor. Am., no. 60 (1828). In California acc. Sull. & Lesq. (1856, No. 139; 1865, No. 211); Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Koch 2290 (det. Sayre); west of Woodfords, Alpine Co., Koch 1786; canyon near Llano, Los Angeles Co., MacFadden (EGB, acc. Sayre). Western Boreal America. GRIMMIA DECIPIENS (Schultz) Lindb. in Hartm., Skand. Fl., ed. 8, 386 (1861). San Clemente Id. acc. Sayre (1940). Europe-North America. GRIMMIA HAMULOSA Lesq., Cal. Acad. Sci. Mem. 1:14 (1868). Ten collec- tions from the Sierra Nevada, south to Middle Chain Lake, Madera Co., Ikenberry 1036. California only. GRIMMIA HARTMANI Schp., Syn. 214 (1860). On rock cliffs, San Antonio Canyon at 2000 ft., and at Claremont, Los Angeles Co., Fosberg 214, acc. Jones (1933). Arctic-montane. GRIMMIA LAEVIGATA (Brid.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:183 (1826). Common in Southern and Central California. Californian plants are quite different from those of eastern North America. Bipolar-montane. GRIMMIA MARITIMA Smith, Fl. Brit. 3:1199 (1804). On maritime rocks, Mendocino Co., Howe 559, G. E. & L. A. Koch (LFK 2366). Europe-North America. ®Lesq. & James reported G. anodon from Morriston, California, Lapham. I am unable to pote es town in the state and can find no reference to any collections made by Lapham ‘ornia. -_ 2 FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 15 *GRIMMIA MONTANA Bruch, Bryol. Eur. 3(25-28) M:26, tab. 250 (1845). Frequent in the Sierras, south to Baja California, Wiggins 9177; in the Coast Ranges south to Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., and Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co. Europe-North America. GrimmiA Mox.eyi Williams in Holzinger, Musci Acro. Bor.-Am. Eur., no. 600 (1926). Six collections from Southern California including the type from Los Angeles Co. Sonora. **GRIMMIA PLAGIOPODIA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 78 (1801). On Stamford Rock near Lake Tahoe, Placer Co., Koch 1968. Previous report by Wynne (1944) concerned a specimen of G. montana. Circumboreal. *GRIMMIA PULVINATA (Hedw.) Smith, Engl. Bot. tab. 1726 (1807). Common in Southern and Central California except at high altitudes. Californian plants seem considerably more variable than European ones. Bipolar- montane. GRIMMIA TORQUATA Hornsch. in Grev., Scot. Crypt. Fl. 4:199 (1826). Northern California, south in the Coast Ranges to Marin Co., Howe, and in the Sierra Nevada to Madera Co., R. R. Koch (LFK 2199). Arctic-montane; Hawaiian Ids. acc. Bartram (1942). GRIMMIA TRICHOPHYLLA Grev., F]. Edin. 235 (1824). Common everywhere. Var. MERIDIONALIS Schp. and var. MUEHLENBECKII Husn. in the Sierras. Almost Cosmopolitan. ?GRIMMIA UNICOLOR Hook. in Grev., Scot. Crypt. Fl. 3 tab. 123 (1825). In California acc. Jones (1933). The striking similarity of this moss to the endemic G. brevirostris is suggestive. Circumboreal. RHACOMITRIUM ACICULARE (Hedw.) Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 4:78 (1819). Frequent in the Sierras. Europe-North America. RHACOMITRIUM CANESCENS (Hedw.) Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 4:78 (1819). Coastal counties of Northern California south to Alameda Co., Gibbons 163 (EGB), and Santa Cruz Co., Koch 2066. Circumboreal. RHACOMITRIUM DEPRESSUM Lesq., Cal. Acad. Sci. Mem. 1:14 (1868). Yosem- ite Falls, Mariposa Co., Bolander (type); five other collections from the Sierras of Northern and Central California. I question the identity of a specimen from Quebec, Canada, cited as this species by Lepage (1947). Pacific Coast. RHACOMITRIUM HETEROSTICHUM (Hedw.) Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 4:79 (1819). Frequent in Northern and Central California. Many specimens are referable to var. sudeticum (Funck) Jones. Bipolar-montane. **RHACOMITRIUM PATENS (Hedw.) Hueben., Musco. Germ. 198 (1833). On rocks along Trinity River Canyon, west of Burnt Ranch, Trinity Co., Ikenberry 1666a; Spanish Peak at 7000 ft., Plumas Co., Leiberg 5441; Meadow Valley, Plumas Co., Head 487 (CAS). Arctic-montane. RHACOMITRIUM VARIUM (Mitt.) Lesq. & James, Man. Mosses No. Am. 150 (1884). Seven collections from Northern California and the Sierras, south to Las Plumas, Plumas Co., Nantt 5 (HSC). North Pacific Basin. SCOULERIA AQUATICA Hook., Bot. Misc. 1:33 (1828). Occasional in Northern California and in the Sierras, south to Mariposa Co., MacFadden 17452. Western Boreal America. 16 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 SCOULERIA MARGINATA Britt., Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 22:42 (1895). Eight collections, from Sims, Shasta Co., Howe 99 (EGB), to Calaveras Co., Koch 1523 (UMAA). Pacific Coast. EXCLUDED SPECIES GRIMMIA COMMUTATA Hueben. was reported by Lesq. & James (1884) from California, Bigelow, Watson. A small packet (EGB) from Monterey, Watson, was found to be empty and four other specimens labelled G. commutata (EGB) are not that species. GRIMMIA CONFERTA Funck was reported from California by Lesq. (1865, 1868) but I have been unable to substantiate the record. GrIMMIA DonNIANA Smith was reported by Lesq. & James (1884) from Monitor, California, Lapham. I cannot locate Monitor in California, nor can I find any reference to collecting done in California by Lapham. GRIMMIA ELONGATA Kaulf. was reported from Yosemite Valley, James, by Watson (1880) but the record is unsubstantiated. The specimen was prob- ably G. trichophylla. GrRIMMIA INCURVA Schwaegr. was reported from California by Lesq. (1868) and by later American manuals. Most of the specimens so named from California that I have seen are G. trichophylla. GRIMMIA OVALIs (Hedw.) Lindb. was mentioned by Bartram (1949) as from California but I cannot substantiate the report. EPHEMERACEAE EPHEMERUM SERRATUM (Hedw.) Hampe, Flora 20:285 (1837). Apparently not recollected in California since 1863, when Bolander found it with Acaulon muticum and Phascum cuspidatum in a meadow near Mission Dolores, San Francisco (Lesq., 1865). The “meadow” is now a crowded resi- dential district. Europe-North America, South Africa. FUNARIACEAE ENTOSTHODON ATTENUATUS (Dicks.) Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 2:79 (1935). Near Mendocino, Mendocino Co., Bolander (Watson, 1880); Pinus muricata forest near Inverness, Marin Co., Howell (LFK H134); Pasadena, Los An- geles Co., Allen (EGB as E. Templetoni). Europe-North America. ENTOSTHODON BOLANDERI? Lesq., Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. 13 (1869):10 (1865). Near the Bay of San Francisco, Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1865); Byron Hot Springs, Contra Costa Co., Eastwood (EGB, CAS, as Funaria californica); San Clemente Id., Mainz 6636, acc. Grout (1928-40); San Nicolas Id., Howell 9, 12 (Bartram, 1933). Sonora. ?FUNARIA AMERICANA Lindb., Svenska Vet.-Akad. Stockh. Oefv. 20:398 (1863). In California acc. Jennings (1913) and Bartram (1928). Boreal America. FUNARIA CALIFORNICA Sull. & Lesq., Musc. Bor.-Am. (ed. 2) 41, No. 238 (1865). Near Auburn, Placer Co., Bolander (type); Ukiah, Mendocino Co., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868); Fort Ross, Sonoma Co., Howe 151 (EGB); Pasa- dena, Los Angeles Co., Palmer acc. Howe (1897). Pacific Coast. 7The original description mentioned the habitat as wet rocks but in 1868, Lesq. said: “On clayey ground...” FEBRUARY, 1 950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 17 FUNARIA HYGROMETRICA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 172 (1801). Everywhere on burned over or otherwise disturbed soil. A majority of California specimens are var. convoluta (Hampe) Grout; var. calvescens (Schwaegr.) Br. & Schp. grows in Southern California. Recently, Howell found in Marin Co. with ordinary F. hygrometrica a form with a capsule mouth about half the usual diameter on an otherwise normal sporophyte. Cosmopolitan. ?FUNARIA MICROSTOMA Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 3(11) M:9, tab. 306 (1841). Moist, gravelly ground, Soda Springs on Upper Tuolumne at 9700 ft., Bolander 109, acc. Lesq. (1868) and later American manuals. Europe-North America. FUNARIA MUHLENBERGII Turn., Ann. Bot. (Konig & Sims) 2:198 (1806). Frequent in Central and Southern California. Grout (1928-40) also listed var. patula Br. & Schp. and var. lineata Grout from California. Circumboreal. **PHYSCOMITRELLA PATENS (Hedw.) Schp., Bryol. Eur. 4(12) M:1, tab. 3, 637 (1849). On mud around pond, Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland, Alameda Co., Gardner (UCB 197837, 524820, det. Britton); abundant in shade of cat-tails on mud flats of Lake Chabot, Solano Co., Koch 1320. Cir- cumboreal. PHYSCOMITRIUM MEGALOCARPUM Kindb., Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 16:94 (1889), and var. CALIFORNICUM (Britt.) Grout. Frequent in Northern and Central California. I cannot segregate the California plants into the two entities indicated. Western Boreal America. EXCLUDED SPECIES PHYSCOMITRIUM PYRIFORME (Hedw.) Brid. was supposedly collected in Marin Co., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868), but was excluded from our flora by Britton (1894b). PHYSCOMITRIUM TURBINATUM (Mx.) Brid. is recorded from Shasta Co. and Mendocino Co. in Howe (1897). Britton (1894b) placed a question mark after California in her remarks about the range of the species, while Grout (1928-40) included the state without qualification but failed to cite any specimens. Several collections that I have seen labelled P. turbinatum are not that species. SPLACHNACEAE ?TAYLORIA SERRATA (Hedw.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 3(23-24) M:6, tab. 284 (1844). In California acc. Paris (1905) and Sayre (1935). Arctic-montane. EXCLUDED SPECIES SPLACHNUM MELANOCAULON Schwaegr. was mentioned by Lesq. (1868) as having been reported from California by Mitten, but I was not able to confirm the statement. BRYACEAE **ANOMOBRYUM FILIFORME (Dicks.) Husn., Musc. Gall. 222 (1888). Yo- semite Falls, Mariposa Co., Koch 1685. Bipolar-montane. BrYUM ALPINUM With., Syst. Arr. Brit. Pl. 3:824 (1801). In California acc. Andrews (1935-40); Big Tree Canyon, Valley of the Kaweah River, Coville 1358, acc. Holzinger (Coville, 1893). Bipolar-montane. BRYUM ANGUSTIRETE Kindb., Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 16:94 (1889). Bryum 18 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 pendulum (Hornsch.) Schp., not Brid., 1803, Breutelia; MFNA 2:216. Castle Peak at 9000 ft., Nevada Co., Bolander & Kellogg 356; Leevining Grade at 8600 ft., Mono Co., Hall 504; San Bernardino Co., Howell (LFK H36). Cir- cumboreal. BRYUM ARGENTEUM Hedw., Sp. Musc. 181 (1801). Everywhere, either as the species or var. lanatum (Pal.-Beauv.) Br. & Schp. Cosmopolitan. BRYUM BICOLOR Dicks., Plant. Crypt. Brit. 4:16 (1801). Widespread but most frequent in the Bay area. Circumboreal. BRYUM CAESPITICIUM Hedw., Sp. Musc. 180 (1801). Northern California and the Sierras. Cosmopolitan. BRYUM CANARIENSE Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 3:29 (1817). Credited to California by Andrews (1935-40), on the basis of plants described by Renauld & Cardot as B. Hendersoni. Widely distributed in California but most common in the Bay area. Europe-North America, South Africa. BRYUM CAPILLARE Hedw., Sp. Musc. 182 (1801). Abundant everywhere in a multitude of forms; several European species are relegated to synonymy under this name by Andrews (1935-40). Cosmopolitan. BRYUM CRASSIRAMEUM Ren. & Card., Bot. Gaz. 15:57 (1890). Frequent in Northern and Central California. BRYUM FLAGELLOsUM Kindb., Sp. Eur. Northam. Bryin. 2:356 (1897). Bryum cuspidatum (Br. & Schp.) Schp., not Brid., 1819, Mnium; MFNA 2:229. Seven collections distributed throughout the Sierras. Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). BRYUM GEMMIPARUM de Not., Epil. Briol. Ital. 377 (1869). Beside rivulet in upland meadow, Russ and Graham’s Ranch, Humboldt Co., Howe 1093 (EGB); on moist banks of Pipe Creek, Hemet Valley, San Jacinto Mts., at 5200 ft., Riverside Co., Munz 5802 (det. Andrews). Europe-North America. BRYUM LONCHOCAULON C. Muell., Flora 58:93 (1875). Bryum cirratum Hoppe & Hornsch., not With., 1801, Dicranoweissia; MFNA 2:228. Northern California and the Sierras. Circumboreal. BRYUM MINIATUM Lesq., Cal. Acad. Sci. Mem. 1:23 (1868). Frequent on wet rocks in Central California inland to Sierra Co., Leiberg 5449, and Sequoia Nat. Park, Tulare Co., Degener & Peiler 16999 (EGB). Pacific Coast and Faroe Ids. *BRYUM PALLESCENS Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 1(2):107 (1816). In the Sierras. Arctic-montane. BRYUM PSEUDOTRIQUETRUM (Hedw.) Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 1(2):110 (1816). Bryum bimum Schreb.; MFNA 2:231. Occasional in Northern Cali- fornia and the Sierras. Bipolar-montane. BRYUM STENOTRICHUM K. Muell., Flora 70:219 (1887). Bryum inclinatum (Web. & Mohr) Sturm, not With., 1801, Distichium; MFNA 2:217. Mt. Dana, Bolander 103 (UCB 371610 as B. arcticum), det. Andrews; on rocks at Clarks, Yosemite Valley, Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868). Bipolar-montane. BRYUM TURBINATUM (Hedw.) Smith, Fl. Brit. 3:1366 (1804). Wet meadows, Big Trees, Bolander (Lesq., 1868); edge of stream, Deep Creek, Sweetwater Mts. at 10,200 ft., Mono Co., Alexander (UCB 719377 as B. Muehlenbeckii). Bipolar-montane. FEBRUARY, 1950| MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 19 *BRYUM ULIGINOSUM (Brid.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 4(6-9) M:18, tab. 339 (1839). Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., Gibbons, acc. Lesq. & James (1884); San Mateo Co., Eastwood 101 (CAS). Circumboreal. ?BRYUM WEIGELI Spreng., Flora Hal., Mant. Prima 55 (1807). Eureka, Humboldt Co., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868); not confirmed by Andrews (1935-40). This station seems unlikely for a truly montane species. Arctic- montane. EPIPTERYGIUM Tozer! (Grev.) Lindb., Svenska Vet.-Akad. Stockh., Oefv. 21:576 (1865). Pohlia Tozeri (Grev.) Del.; MFNA 2:204. Coast Ranges, south to Monterey Co., Heller 6532, and inland to Placer Co., MacFadden 9647 (UCLA). Europe-North America. LEPTOBRYUM PYRIFORME (Hedw.) Schp., Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 64 (1855). Throughout Northern California and the Sierras. Cosmopolitan. MNIOBRYUM WAHLENBERGII (Web. & Mohr) Jenn., Man. Mosses W. Pa. 146 (1913). Pohlia Wahlenbergii (Web. & Mohr) Andrews; MFNA 2:203. Sporadic in Northern and Central California. Cosmopolitan. ORTHODONTIUM GRACILE Schwaegr. in Hook. & Wils., Lond. Journ. Bot. 3:545 (1844). Redwoods, from Humboldt Co., Howe 936 in part, to Santa Cruz. Co., Koch 2072. Cf. Howe (1897); Andrews (1932); Koch (1949). Mostly associated with Orthodicranum strictum at the base of redwood trunks. Europe-North America. ORTHODONTIUM PELLUCENS (Hook.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 4(23-24) M:3 (1844). Near Eureka, Humboldt Co., Howe 936 in part (Howe, 1897). In the Americas from Ecuador north to Central America, West Indies, and Tennessee (Sharp, 1938); in Hawaiian Ids. acc. Bartram (1938). *POHLIA ACUMINATA Hoppe & Hornsch., Flora 2:94 (1819). Mt. Dana, Bolander (Lesq., 1868, as Bryum polymorphum). The collection labelled: “On wet rocks, Summit Station,” Bolander 347, 367 (EGB, det. Pohlia polymorpha by Andrews) is presumably the one cited above. Circumboreal. POHLIA ANNOTINA (Hedw.) Lindb., Musci Scand. 18 (1879). Frequent in Northern California and the Sierras. Circumboreal. PoHLIA cruDA (Hedw.) Lindb., Musc. Scand. 18 (1879). Throughout the High Sierras. Cosmopolitan. PouLtra DruMMonpi (C. Muell.) Andrews in Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 2:196 (1935). Mt. Dana at 11,000 ft., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868) as Bryum nudicaule; Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., Cooke 15751C; 15756A; Inyo Co., Howell (Koch, H32), Eloesser (Cobb 59). Arctic-montane. POHLIA LONGIBRACTEATA Broth. in Roell, Bot. Centralbl. 44:419 (1890). In northern California acc. Andrews (1935-40); San Mateo Co., Koch 2088; Santa Cruz Co., Koch 2033. Pacific Coast. Ponta Lupwicu (Schwaegr.) Broth., Finska Vet.-Akad. Hels. Acta 19(12,1893):27 (1892). Banks of stream above Sonora, Tuolumne Co., Bige- low (Sull., 1856 as Bryum Bigelovii); Mt. Dana at 9,000-10,000 ft., Bolander acc. Lesq. (1868). Arctic-montane. POHLIA NUTANS (Hedw.) Lindb., Musc. Scand. 18 (1879). Throughout the Sierras. Cosmopolitan. 20 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __[VOL. VI, NO. 1 Pohlia obtusifolia8 (Brid.) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. Bryum obtusifolium Brid., Musco. Recent. 2(3):52 (1803); Bryum cucullatum Schwaegr. (1816); MFNA 2:195. Mt. Dana, Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868); Mt. Dana, Hall 65, acc. Andrews (1935-40). Arctic-montane. ROELLIA LucipA (Broth.) Kindb., Sp. Eur. Northam. Bryin. 345 (1897). Bryum Sandbergii Holz.; MFNA 2:240. “Summit, 7500 ft., Cataract” (Nevada Co.?) Bolander & Kellogg 339 (EGB); abundant in vicinity of Echo Lake at 7000-8000 ft., Eldorado Co., Conard (HSC, “on stony ground under pines’). Pacific Coast. EXCLUDED SPECIES BRYUM ARCTICUM Br. & Schp. reported from Mt. Dana, Bolander, by Lesq. (1868). Andrews (pers. comm.) identified one of Bolander’s collections, labelled B. arcticum, from Mt. Dana (UCB 371610) as B. inclinatum. I pre- sume it was part of the original collection studied by Lesq. BryuUM BOoLANDERI Lesq. was excluded by Andrews (1935-40) because the type specimen was considered to be inadequate for identification. BRYUM CALOPHYLLUM R.Br., an arctic species, is not likely to be found in or near Santa Barbara, where it was supposed to have been collected by Foster (Watson, 1880). BRYUM FIRMUM Schreb., listed by Cooke (1941) from Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., should have been Bryum bimum acc. to the specimen label (UMAA). BRYUM INTERMEDIUM Brid. was excluded from the moss flora of North America by Andrews (1935-40). BRYUM TRUNCORUM Brid. was listed by Cooke (1941) from Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co. I think the specimen (UMAA) is B. canariense. BRYUM WARNEUM Brid. was reported by Lesq. (1868) from Mt. Dana, Bolander, but Andrews (pers. comm.) has not seen the species from Cali- fornia. RHODOBRYUM ROSEUM (Br. & Schp.) Limpr. was reported from California by Lesq. & James (1884), but I imagine the specimen was either Roellia lucida or Bryum canariense; both species having been mistaken repeatedly for Rhodobryum in the past. MNIACEAE Leucolepis Menziesii (Hook.) Steere, comb. nov. Bryum Menziesii Hook., Bot. Misc. 1:36 (1828); Hypnum acanthoneuron Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 3(2), tab. 258b (1829); Mnium Menziesii (Hook.) C.Muell.; MFNA 2:245. Frequent in Northern California, south to San Mateo Co. (Howe, 1897), and Santa Clara Co., Geis 600 (DS), and inland to Mt. Oro district, Nevada Co., MacFadden 8876 (UCLA). Also from Santa Cruz Co., Wiesen- danger (CAS 215879). Pacific Coast. ?MNIuM AFFINE Bland. in Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 1(2):134 (1816). In California acc. Lesq. (1868) and later American manuals. Watson (1880) reported var. elatum Schp. and Paris (1905) reported var. ciliare (Grev.) C.Muell. I have not yet seen a correctly named specimen; usually specimens so named have been M. medium. Bipolar-montane. MNIUM cuspIATUM Hedw., Sp. Musc. 192 (1801). Streambank near Sis- SLack of space requires the omission here of the reasons for the change of name. FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 21 son, Siskiyou Co., Howe (EGB as M. Drummondii, det. Kaiser), acc. An- drews (pers. comm.). Circumboreal. MNIUM GLABRESCENS Kindb., Ottawa Nat. 7:18 (1893). Frequent in North- ern California south to Alameda Co., Gibbons 155 (EGB). North Pacific Basin. MNIUM INSIGNE Mitt., Journ. Bot. Kew Misc. 8:230 (1856). Frequent in Northern California south to the Bay area. Pacific Coast. MNIUM LONGIROSTRUM Brid., Musco. Recent. 2(3):106 (1803). Little Truckee River, from Hobart Mills on old road to Reno, Sierra Co., MacFadden 9598 (UCLA). “The species is cosmopolitan or nearly so . . .” acc. Andrews (1935-40). **MNIUM MARGINATUM (With.) Brid. in Pal.-Beauv., Prodr. Aeth. 75 (1805). Frequent in the high Sierras as far south as Inyo and Tulare Cos. Arctic-montane, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949) and possibly in Ha- waiian Ids. acc. Bartram (1933). MNIUM MEDIUM Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 4(5) M:32, tab. 398 (1838). Fre- quent in Northern California. Circumboreal. MNIUM PUNCTATUM Hedw., Sp. Musc. 193 (1801). Sommerdale, Mariposa Co., Byxbee 70 (Howe, 1897); the report from Humboldt Co., Bolander, by Lesq. (1868) was probably a misidentification of M. glabrescens. Circum- boreal. MNIUM VENUSTUM Mitt., Journ. Bot. Kew Misc. 8:231 (1856). Frequent in northern half of the state. Pacific Coast. AULACOMNIACEAE *AULACOMNIUM ANDROGYNUM (Hedw.) Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 3(1)1, tab. 215 (1827). Abundant in wooded areas in Northern California, south to Wilson Peak, Los Angeles Co., McClatchie 404; Riverside Co., Fawcett (HSC). Europe-North America. AULACOMNIUM PALUSTRE (Hedw.) Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 3(1)1, tab. 216 (1827). Frequent in the Sierras, south to the San Bernardino Mts. at 8200 ft., Reed 1934B (HSC); sporadic in the Coast Ranges, south to Pitkin Marsh, near Santa Rosa, Sonoma Co., Koch 267. Bipolar-montane. MEESIACEAE MEESIA TRIQUETRA (Turn.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 4(10) M:7, tab. 310 (1841). Swamps at 9000 ft., Bolander (EGB), acc. Lesq. (1868); in bogs, Sisson, Siskiyou Co., Howe (Howe, 1896); near Mt. Goddard, Brewer (CAS); near Lake Tahoe, Blasdale (EGB). Bipolar-montane. MEESIA ULIGINOSA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 173 (1801). The same distribution in California as the last. Arctic-montane. BARTRAMIACEAE ANACOLIA MENziEsII (Turn.) Paris, Index Bryol. 1:27 (1894). Throughout California except at high altitudes. Includes var. Baueri (Hampe) Paris. Pacific Coast. BARTRAMIA ITHYPHYLLA Brid., Musco. Recent. 2(3):132 (1803). Frequent in the high Sierras. Bipolar-montane. 292 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 BARTRAMIA STRICTA Brid., Musco. Recent. 2(3):132 (1803). Throughout California at lower altitudes, but most common in the Bay area. Europe- North America. PHILONOTIS AMERICANA Dism., Soc. Bot. Fr. Mem. 11(17):22 (1910). Occa- sional in the Sierras. Boreal America. **PHILONOTIS CALCAREA (Br. & Schp.) Schp. forma OccIDENTALIs Flowers in Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 2:179 (1935). Upper Cascade Creek, Alpine Co., Koch 1805 (det. Flowers). Also from Texas (type). The species, Circum- boreal. *PHILONOTIS CAPILLARIS Lindb., Hedwigia 70:40 (1867). On moist bank, near Lake San Andreas, San Mateo Co. (Howe, 1896); Lake Lagunitas, Marin Co., Eastwood 104 (CAS); Santa Cruz Co., Koch 2055. Europe-North America. PHILONOTIS FONTANA (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2:18 (1827). Frequent throughout Northern and Central California; var. pumila (Turn.) Brid. in the high Sierra. The species, Circumboreal. EXCLUDED SPECIES PHILONOTIS MARCHICA (Willd.) Brid. In California acc. Paris (1904), but the report is unsubstantiated. TIMMIACEAE ?TIMMIA MEGAPOLITANA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 176 (1801). In California ace. Sayre (1935a), apparently on the basis of a specimen (EGB), labelled Sierra Nevada, California, H. A. Warne, 1874. Considering the large size of the moss, and that it has not been found in California by anyone else, I suspect that Warne found his specimen of Timmia somewhere en route to Cali- fornia from Illinois, probably in the Rocky Mts. Circumboreal. PTYCHOMITRIACEAE PTYCHOMITRIUM GARDNERI Lesq., Cal. Acad. Sci. Mem. 1:16 (1868). Occa- sional in Northern California, south to Alameda Co., Howe (EGB), and Placer Co., Bolander (type), MacFadden (Grout exs. No. 281). Pacific Coast. ORTHOTRICHACEAE AMPHIDIUM CALIFORNICUM (Hampe) Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1(3)1:460 (1902). In the Coast Ranges, south to Los Angeles Co., McClatchie, Moxley 1151, inland to Eldorado, Placer, Plumas, and Tuolumne counties. Pacific Coast. AMPHIDIUM LAPPONICUM (Hedw.) Schp., Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 39 (1855). Seven collections from the Sierras, south to Mitre Basin and Lower Soldier Lake, Tulare Co., Howell (LFK H154a, H172c). Arctic-montane. ORTHOTRICHUM AFFINE Brid., Musco. Recent. 2(2):22 (1801). Siskiyou Co., Ownbey 1898, Howe 128; Nevada Co., MacFadden 8944. Circumboreal. ORTHOTRICHUM ALPESTRE Hornsch. in B.S.G., Bryol. Eur. 3(42) M. Suppl. 1:1, tab. 213 (1849). Mt. Whitney, Inyo Co., acc. Grout (1946). Arctic-mon- tane. ORTHOTRICHUM BOLANDERI Sull., Icon. Musc. Suppl. 64 (1874). Central FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 23 and Southern California; Oakland ‘hills, Alameda Co., Bolander (type). California only. ORTHOTRICHUM CONSIMILE Mitt., Linn. Soc. Lond. Journ. Bot. 8(1864):24 (1865). Along the coast in Northern California, south to Marin Co., Howe 74, 81, 82 (EGB); also Santa Cruz Mts., Pringle 104 in part (EGB), and Los Angeles Co., Moxley 1139, acc. Moxley (1928). Pacific Coast. *ORTHOTRICHUM CUPULATUM Brid., Musco. Recent. 2(2):25 (1801). On metamorphic limestone rocks near the Russian River, Ukiah, Mendocino Co., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868). A small specimen (UCB 371551), labelled “Ukiah Hot Springs,” could be this species but more material is desirable to render determination satisfactory. Circumboreal. ORTHOTRICHUM LAEVIGATUM Zett., Soc. Bot. Fr. Bull. 9:287 (1862). Fre- quent in Northern California and in the Sierras, south to the San Bernar- dino Mts., Parish 3427 (EGB). Var. KincIANUM (Lesq.) Grout from Yosemite Nat. Park, Bolander (type). Europe-North America. OrTHoTRIcHUM LyeLim Hook. & Tayl., Musco. Brit. 76 (1818). Common in wooded regions to about 4000 ft. I found a number of sterile specimens with gemmae. Grout (1946) segregated the non-gemmiparous forms into var. papillosum (Hampe) Lesq. & James and forma Pringlei (C. Muell.) Grout. Circumboreal. ORTHOTRICHUM RIVULARE Smith, Fl. Brit. 3:1266 (1804). Frequent, on ex- posed roots and tree trunks near water, as far south as Santa Clara Co., Bradshaw 3265. Europe-North America. OrRTHOTRICHUM ROoELLU Vent. in Roell, Bot. Centralbl. 44:390 (1890). California acc. Grout (1946). Pacific Coast. ORTHOTRICHUM RUPESTRE (Brid.) Schwaegr., Sp. Musc. Suppl. 1(2):27 (1816). Frequent in the Sierras and sporadic in the Coast Ranges, south to Los Angeles Co., Moxley 1167. Grout (1946) listed var. globosum (Lesq.) Grout from Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Bolander (type). Bipolar-montane. ?ORTHOTRICHUM SPECIOSUM Nees in Sturm, Deut. Fl., Crypt. 5(17):5 (1819). In California acc. to American manuals. Californian plants, so named, seem to me to be better referred to forms of O. Lyellii. Circumboreal. ORTHOTRICHUM TENELLUM Bruch in Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:787 (1826). Cor- ticolous in wooded areas throughout the state at lower elevations. Var. cylindrocarpum (Lesq.) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. O. cylindrocarpum Lesq., Am. Phil. Soc. 13 (1869):17 (1865); MFNA 2:126. The Bay area south to Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Kingman 713 (EGB). The species, Europe-North America. *ORTHOTRICHUM TEXANUM Sull., Musci Bor.-Am. No. 122 (1856). On shaded stones near Oakland, Alameda Co., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1865); Napa Soda Springs, Napa Co., Mann, acc. Mueller (1887, as O. bullatum); on ex- posed, granite boulder at 3000 ft., North Fork, Madera Co., Ikenberry (Grout exs. No. 303); on rocks, Gray Eagle Valley, Plumas Co., Leiberg 5471; on rocks at 3000 ft., Moreno Dam, San Diego Co., MacFadden 8061. The “irregularly warty” peristome, supposedly separating this species from O. rupestre, seems poorly developed in Californian plants; more field work and study are essential. Western Boreal America. 24 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 *ULOTA PHYLLANTHA Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 4:113 (1819). Eureka, Humboldt Co., Howe 985 (Koch, 1949); Crescent City, Del Norte Co., East- wood 424 (CAS). Bipolar-montane. EXCLUDED SPECIES ORTHOTRICHUM ANOMALUM Hedw. Degener & Peiler 17014a from Sequoia Nat. Park, reported as this species by Wynne (1943), is O. laevigatum. ORTHOTRICHUM MICROBLEPHARUM Schp. Grout (1946) cited four speci- mens, Leiberg 5474, 5472, 5469, 5468, from Nevada Co. as this species. I believe they are forms of O. laevigatum. ORTHOTRICHUM PULCHELLUM Brunton, reported for California by Lesq. (1868) and Howe (1896), is O. consimile. Acc. Grout (1928-40), O. consimile and O. pulchellum were formerly not well understood. ORTHOTRICHUM SHAWII Wils. Grout (1946) referred the Californian col- lection, Bolander (EGB), which Britton (1894a) and Barnes & Heald (1896) reported as this species, to O. affine and excluded O. Shawii from the North American flora. FONTINALACEAE FONTINALIS ANTIPYRETICA Hedw., Sp. Musc. 98 (1801). Frequent in lakes and streams, south to San Bernardino Mts., Parish 3426. Var. MOLLIs (C. Muell.) Welch at Auberry, Fresno Co., Ikenberry. The species, Circumboreal. *FONTINALIS DurIAEI Schp., Syn., ed. 2, 555 (1876). On rocks, Merced River, Bolander 79 in part. Circumboreal. **FONTINALIS HOWELLII Ren. & Card., Bot. Gaz. 13:200 (1888). North of Sisson, Howe; Yosemite region, Bioletti. Europe-North America. FONTINALIS NEO-MEXICANA Sull. & Lesq., Musci Bor.-Am. No. 224b (1856). Occasional in lakes and streams in Northern and Central California, south to Mariposa and Santa Cruz counties. Western Boreal America. **FONTINALIS PATULA Card., Rev. Bryol. 23:67 (1896). California, Bolander 68 in part (EGB). Pacific Coast. EXCLUDED SPECIES DICHELYMA Swarzi Lindb. Brewer’s collection, which was distributed by Sull. & Lesq. (1865, No. 344) as this species, is Drepanocladus exannulatus, as reported by Watson (1880). Wynne (1944a) listed the name under “Ex- cluded forms and varieties of D. exannulatus.” CLIMACIACEAE ?CLIMACIUM DENDROIDES (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr, Nat. Reise Schweden 96 (1804). In California acc. Grout (1897) and later manuals. Circumboreal. e HEDWIGIACEAE HEDWIGIA CILIATA (Hedw.) Pal.-Beauv., Ann. Bot. (Konig & Sims) 1:228 (1805). Occasional on rocks everywhere. Cosmopolitan. PSEUDOBRAUNIA CALIFORNICA (Lesq.) Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1(3)2:715 (1905). Braunia californica Lesq.; MFNA 2:43. Common to about 3000 ft., at least as far south as San Benito Co., Howell; also from San Diego Co., MacFadden. Pacific Coast. FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 25 CRYPHAEACEAE ALSIA CALIFORNICA (Hook. & Arn.) Sull., Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. Trans. 3:185 (1857). Common on tree trunks in coastal counties as far south as Monterey Co., Heller, and Santa Catalina Id., Nuttall 969 (Williams in Millsp. & Nutt., 1923). Also represented is var. flagellifera Ren. & Card. Pacific Coast. DENDROALSIA ABIETINA (Hook.) Britt., Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 32:263 (1905). Common at base of tree trunks, and occasional on rocks in coastal counties as far south as Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., McClatchie. Pacific Coast, south to Guadalupe Id., Baja California, Anthony. LEUCODONTACEAE ANTITRICHIA CALIFORNICA Sull. in Lesq., Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. 13(1869):11 (1865). Common on rocks and tree trunks everywhere, except deserts and high elevations. Europe-North America. ANTITRICHIA CURTIPENDULA (Hedw.) Brid., Musco. Recent. Suppl. 4:136 (1819), and var. GIGANTEA Sull. & Lesq. Nine collections from Northern California, south to Lake Pilarcitos, San Mateo Co., Howe 315. The Cali- fornian plants resemble the European ones more closely than does the form from the humid forests of the northern Pacific Coast. Bipolar-montane. Bestia cristata (Hampe) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. Leptohymenium cristatum Hampe, Linnaea 30:459 (1860); Bestia Breweriana (Lesq.) Grout, MFNA 3:10. “In mont. Sierrae Nevadae Californicae, ad terram in_fissuris rupium?” is the habitat given in the original description. (Type seen, EGB.) Common in the Coast Ranges as far south as Monterey Co., Heller 6506. Hampe’s original analysis leaves no doubt that he was describing the species later named Hypnum Brewerianum by Lesq. (1865) rather than Pterigynan- drum filiforme. The error of including Hampe’s species of Leptohymenium under Pterigynandrum dates back to Lesq. (1865). Var. Howei (Kindb.) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. Isothecium Howei Kindb. Marin Co., Howe (type). Var. lutescens (Lesq. & James) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. Hypnum Brewerianum var. lutescens Lesq. & James. San Francisco, Bolander (type). The species, Pacific Coast. Bestia Houzincert (Ren. & Card.) Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1(3)2: 858 (1906). Nine collections, from Humboldt Co. to San Mateo Co., Koch 2436. Pacific Coast. BEsTIA LONGIPEs (Sull. & Lesq.) Broth., Musc. in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1(3)2:859 (1906). Ten collections, from the Bay area south to Los Angeles Co., McClatchie, Schallert C-3. California and Oregon; probably Pacific Coast. **BEsTIA OCCIDENTALIS (Sull. & Lesq.) Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 3:264 (1934). “Trees of Mystery” park, Del Norte Co., L. A. Koch (LFK 2328); on trees, Olema, Marin Co., Howe (EGB). Pacific Coast. PTEROGONIUM GRACILE (Hedw.) Smith, Engl. Bot. tab. 1085 (1802). On rocks and tree trunks throughout California except at high altitudes. Europe- North America, South Africa. 26 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 NECKERACEAE NECKERA DoucLasit Hook., Bot. Misc. 1:131 (1828). Coastal counties of Northern California, south to the Bay area. Pacific Coast. NECKERADELPHUS MENZIEsII (Drumm.) Steere, The Bryol. 44:147 (1941). From the Bay area northward, inland to Yosemite Valley. Europe-North America. POROTHAMNIUM BIcELovit (Sull.) Fleisch. in Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfi. (ed. 2) 11:199 (1925). Frequent in coastal counties as far south as Santa Cruz Co., Koch 2025. Pacific Coast. EXCLUDED SPECIES NECKERA PENNATA Var. OLIGOCARPA (Bruch) Grout is listed in Paris (1905) as N. oligocarpa with California in its range. This report seems unlikely. HOOKERIACEAE HooKERIA LUCENS (Hedw.) Smith, Linn. Soc. Lond. Trans. 9:276 (1808). Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868, as H. acutifolia); beside rivulet in woods, Eureka, Humboldt Co., Howe 1019; on wet bank beside rill near Orick, Humboldt Co., Sutliffe (CAS); on bank of stream near waterline, North Fork of Little River, Mendocino Co., Howe 682. Circumboreal. EXCLUDED SPECIES HOoKERIA ACUTIFOLIA Hook. The report of this species by Lesq. (1868) was probably based on one of Bolander’s collections of H. lucens. FABRONIACEAE FABRONIA PUSILLA Raddi, R. Accad. Sci. Fis. Siena, Atti 9:231 (1808). Fre- quent in wooded areas, south to Los Angeles Co., MacFadden 8138, Palmer (EGB). Europe-North America. LESKEACEAE PSEUDOLESKEA ATROVIRENS (Brid.) Br. & Schp., Bryol. Eur. 5(49-51) M:2, tab. 477 (1852). Six collections from the high Sierras, south to Sequoia Nat. Park, Tulare Co., Degener 16937, 16975b. Arctic-montane. PSEUDOLESKEA RIGESCENS Lindb.,9 Finska Vet.-Soc., Hels., Acta 10(1875):75 (1872). Mt. Shasta, Howe 115, Cooke 15616A; Howe’s collection is the type of var. Howei Best. Pacific Coast. PTERIGYNANDRUM FILIFORME Hedw., Sp. Musc. 81 (1801). Seven collections from Northern California, south to San Francisco, Bigelow (Sull., 1856). Circumboreal. EXCLUDED SPECIES LEsKEA OBSCURA Hedw. is an eastern North American species acc. Sharp (1934), and its presence in California as indicated by Paris (1905) seems unlikely. Although this name is established in bryological literature because of its acceptance by Best (1900), there is some question of its validity according to the Internationa] Rules. ee a FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 27 THUIDIACEAE CLAOPODIUM BOLANDERI Best, Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 24:431 (1897). Marin Co., Bolander (type); Siskiyou Co., Eastwood 191, 199, 207 (GAS); Humboldt Co., Tracy 14807a (UCB). North Pacific Basin. CLAOPODIUM CRISPIFOLIUM (Hook.) Ren. & Card., Rev. Bryol. 20:16 (1893). Eight collections from Northern California, south to San Mateo Co., Howe. Pacific Coast. CLAOPODIUM WHIPPLEANUM (Sull.) Ren, & Card., Rev. Bryol. 20:16 (1893), and var. LEUCONEURUM (Sull. & Lesq.) Grout. Common everywhere on shaded banks to about 5000 ft. Europe-North America. *HAPLOCLADIUM MICROPHYLLUM (Hedw.) Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1(3)2:1007 (1907). Thuidium microphyllum (Hedw.) Best; MFNA 3:177. Near Los Angeles, Bigelow (Sull., 1856 as Hypnum calyptratum); Santa Catalina Id. acc. Sayre (1940). I have not seen either specimen. Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). **HETEROCLADIUM HETEROPTEROIDES Best, Tocr. Bot. Club Bull. 28:128 (1901). On stump in open, Eureka, Humboldt Co., Howe 908 (EGB); stream- bank, North Fork Little River, Mendocino Co., Howe 634, 638a (EGB); on shaded rock, Russian Gulch, Mendocino Co., Howe 716 (EGB). Pacific Coast. AMBLYSTEGIACEAE *AMBLYSTEGIUM COMPACTUM (C. Muell.) Aust., Musci Appal. 372 (1870). Grout (1928-40) said this species had not yet been reported from California, but Lesq. (1868), Watson (1880), Howe (1896), Cheney (1897), and Paris (1903) mentioned California in its range. The specimens, on which these reports are based, do not compare perfectly with the type, but I have no better name to offer. Big Tree Grove, Bolander, and Shasta Springs, Siski- you Co., Howe. Europe-North America. South America (?) acc. Watson (1880). **AMBLYSTEGIUM JURATZKANUM Schp., Syn. 693 (1860). Grout (1928-40) gave the range of this moss in such general terms that one cannot be sure whether California was included or not. The following specimens seem best placed here, although not with complete satisfaction: above spring at base of Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., Howe; Death Valley, Inyo Co., Haring; Chilao, Los Angeles Co., Habeeb 1297; Lytle Creek, 3000 ft., San Bernardino Co., Fawcett (AJG). Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). AMBLYSTEGIUM SERPENS (Hedw.) Schp., Bryol. Eur. 6 (55-56) M:9, tab. 564 (1853). Sporadic but widely distributed. Cosmopolitan. AMBLYSTEGIUM VARIUM (Hedw.) Lindb., Musci Scand. 32 (1879). Lassen Co., Baker & Nutting 154; Stanislaus Co., Koch 1457; San Bernardino Co., Parish 4277; Los Angeles Co., Habeeb 1375; Ventura Co., Newton; River- side Co., Fosberg F272. Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). *CALLIERGON STRAMINEUM (Brid.) Kindb., Sp. Eur. Northam. Bryin. 8] (1897). Plumas Co., Austin (Koch, 1949); also as admixture in Sphagnum from Tulare Co., Brewer 2794 (CAS). In Bolivia acc. Herzog (1916). Bipolar- montane. 28 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 CAMPYLIUM POLYGAMUM (Schp.) Bryhn var. FLUITANS Grout, Moss FI. No. Am. 3:84 (1931). Floating in ponds, Gray Eagle Valley, Plumas Co. at 6500 ft., Leiberg 5495 (EGB, type). The species, Bipolar-montane. *CRATONEURON FILICINUM (Hedw.) Roth, Hedwigia 38 (Beibl.):6 (1899). Probably frequent in the Sierras (Koch, 1949). Bipolar-montane. DREPANOCLADUS ADUNCUS (Hedw.) Warnst., Bot. Centralbl., Beih. 13:400 (1903). Wynne (1944) listed var. Kneifii (Schp.) Moenk. and var. capilli- folius (Warnst.) Wynne from California. As one form or another, frequent in lakes, streams, and swamps throughout Northern California and the Sierras. Bipolar-montane. DREPANOCLADUS EXANNULATUS (Guemb.) Warnst., Bot. Centralbl., Beih. 13:405 (1903). Swamps near Mendocino, Bolander, acc. Wynne (1944); North Fork Little River, Mendocino Co., Howe; cold stream near Camp 168, Sierras, Brewer 2800 (probably Tulare Co.); H. M. Hall Natural Area, Mono Co., Catcheside. Var. RoTAE (de Not.) Grout, near Eureka, Humboldt Co., Howe, acc. Wynne (1944). Bipolar-montane. **DREPANOCLADUS FLUITANS (Hedw.) Warnst., Bot. Centralbl., Beih. 13: 404 (1903). Humboldt and Mendocino counties, Howe; Ward Creek, Placer Co., Koch 1952 (det. Wynne-Hillier); Primrose Lake and Mitre Basin, Tulare Co., Howell (LFK H149, H157). Bipolar-montane. DREPANOCLADUS UNCINATUS (Hedw.) Warnst., Bot. Centralbl., Beih. 13:417 (1903). Common in the Sierras; var. symmetricus (Ren. & Card.) Grout is also represented. Bipolar-montane. HyYGROAMBLYSTEGIUM TENAX (Hedw.) Jenn., Man. Mosess W. Pa. 277 (1913). H. irriguum; MFNA 3:72. In the Sierras. Circumboreal. HycrowypnuM Besti (Ren. & Bryhn) Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1(3)2:1040 (1908). Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., Cooke 15615B (UMAA); Yosem- ite Nat. Park, Mariposa Co., Webber 60 (CAS); Rock Creek, Tulare Co., Howell (LFK H146). Pacific Coast. **HyGROHYPNUM DILATATUM (Schp.) Loeske, Moosfl. Harz. 320 (1903). Mossbrae Falls, Shasta Springs, Siskiyou Co., Howe 132; Panther Creek, Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., Cooke 25646; near Echo Lake, Eldorado Co., Conard (HSC). Circumboreal. **HyGROHYPNUM LURIDUM10 (Hedw.) Jenn., Man. Mosses W. Pa. 287 (1913). Water courses near Summit (Nevada Co.?), Kellogg 350 (EGB); above Primrose Lake, Tulare Co., Howell (LFK H159). Circumboreal. **HyYGROHYPNUM MOLLE (Hedw.) Loeske, Moosfl. Harz. 320 (1903). San Bernardino Co., Parish 3884; Mono Co., Catcheside 47138; Plumas Co., Koch 1880. Arctic-montane. *HyGROHYPNUM OCHRACEUM (Wils.) Loeske, Moosfl. Harz. 321 (1903). Six collections from the Sierras, south to Tulare Co. Circumboreal. HycROHYPNUM SMITHU (Lilj.) Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1 (3)2: 1039 (1908). Mt. Dana, Bolander, acc. Lesq., 1868; Long Lake, Tulare Co., Howell (CAS); H. M. Hall Natural Area, Mono Co., Catcheside 4788. Arctic- montane. LEPTODICTYUM RIPARIUM (Hedw.) Warnst., Laubm., Krypt.-fl. Mark. Brand. 10Previous report of this species (Howe, 1897) was based on a specimen of H. dilatatum. FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 29 2:878 (1906). Occasional, from Modoc Co., Grant 8325, 8250, to Monterey Co., Linsdale. Bipolar-montane. LEPTODICTYUM TRICHOPODIUM (Schultz) Warnst., Laubm., Krypt.-fl. Mark. Brand. 2:881 (1906). Common in the Sierras. Perhaps the California plant should be referred to var. Kochii (Br. & Schp.) Broth. Bipolar-montane. EXCLUDED SPECIES CRATONEURON COMMUTATUM (Hedw.) Roth was reported from Mono Pass, Bolander, by Lesq. (1868). Bolander’s collection (EGB) is C. filicinum. DREPANOCLADUS SENDTNERI (Schp.) Warnst. Hypnum Sendtneri forma vul- garis Sanio, on wet adobe flats, Forestdale, Modoc Co., Baker & Nutting (Howe, 1896), is Drepanocladus aduncus acc. Wynne (1944). Hypnum adun- cum hamatum Br. & Schp. from Whitney Meadows, Coville 2166, acc. Hol- zinger (Coville, 1893) is excluded here on the suggestion of Wynne (1944a) that D. Sendineri should be excluded from the moss flora of North America. HYGROAMBLYSTEGIUM ORTHOCLADUM (Pal.-Beauv.) Grout. At Little Lake Valley, Bolander (California ?) acc. Lesq. (1868) but this record is not sub- stantiated by later workers. HypnuM PsEuDoaARCTICUM Kindb. was reported by Howe (1897) from the San Bernardino Mts., Parish. The specimen seems best named Hygrohyp- num molle. BRACHYTHECIACEAE BRACHYTHECIUM ALBICANS (Hedw.) Schp., Bryol. Eur. 6(52-54) M:19, tab. 553 (1853). Northern and Central California. Var. occidentale Ren. & Card. apparently includes most Californian plants. The species, Arctic-montane. BRACHYTHECIUM ASPERRIMUM (Mitt.) Sull., Icon. Musco. Suppl. 100 (1874). Northern California and the Sierras. Western Boreal America. In Quebec acc. Lepage (1947). BRACHYTHECIUM BOLANDERI (Lesq.) Jaeg. & Sauerb., St. Gall. Nat. Gesell. 1876-77:324 (1878). Central and Southern California. California only. BRACHYTHECIUM COLLINUM Schp., Bryol. Eur. 6(52-54) M:5, tab. 548 (1853). Frequent in the high Sierras, at least as far south as Tulare Co., Howell (CAS). Circumboreal. BRACHYTHECIUM ERYTHRORRHIZON Schp., Bryol. Eur. 6(52-54) M:14, tab. 547 (1853). Placer Co., Morse (LFK 2450); Madera Co., Wagnon 1422. Cir- cumboreal. *BRACHYTHECIUM LAMPROCHRYSEUM C. Muell. & Kindb. in Mac. & Kindb., Cat. Can. Pl. 6:199 (1892). Seemingly well represented in California acc. to the literature and specimens determined by Grout. All material I have seen has distinctly decurrent leaves. Var. giganteum Grout in the high Sierras. Pacific Coast. **BRACHYTHECIUM PETROPHILUM Williams, N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bull. 2:136 (1901). Common in the Sierras. I am not certain this plant is identical with the type from Dawson, Yukon Territory. It is closely related, however, and does not seem to fit any of the other recognized specific entities in the North American flora. Perhaps it is related to the Washington plant referred to forma lanceolata Grout (Grout, 1928-40). Western Boreal America. 30 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 **BRACHYTHECIUM WASHINGTONIANUM Eaton in Grout, The Bryol. 3:12 (1900). On reservoir dam, Weaverville, Trinity Co., Kleeberger H-17; Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou Co., Cooke 15704D; 30 miles northeast of Eureka, Hum- boldt Co., Ikenberry 1411. Pacific Coast. CAMPTOTHECIUM AENEUM (Mitt.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. var. poLosum (Ren. & Card.) Grout, The Bryol. 31:43 (1928). Shasta Springs, Siskiyou Co., acc. Howe (1896); Santa Catalina Id., Millspaugh 4548, Knopf 292, 407c, acc. Williams (Millsp. & Nutt., 1923). Var. RopustuM Grout, 1. c., Shasta Springs, Siskiyou Co., Howe (type). The specimens referred here have a striking resemblance to Homalothecium nevadense, and differ only in their cernuous capsules. The species, Pacific Coast. CAMPTOTHECIUM ALSIOIDES Kindb., Pittonia 2:243 (1892). On rocks, Mill Valley, Marin Co., Howe (4 collections). One of Bolander’s collections, pre- viously unrecognized, is at New York (EGB, as Hypnum stoloniferum). California only. CAMPTOTHECIUM AMESIAE Ren. & Card., Bot. Gaz. 13:202 (1888). Near Auburn, Placer Co., Ames (type); Howe (1897) listed it from Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., Howe, from near Sonoma, Bioletti, and from near Pasa- dena, McClatchie. A fine series of specimens from the Hastings Reserva- tion, Monterey Co., Linsdale, are mentioned here because of their long capsules, but they do not compare well with a fragment of the type at New York (EGB). Pacific Coast. CAMPTOTHECIUM ARENARIUM (Lesq.) Jaeg. & Sauerb., St. Gall. Nat. Gesell. 1876-77:315 (1878). Common in the Bay area on sandy soil under shrubs. Probably frequent along the coast to Santa Catalina Id., Millspaugh 4548 in part, Nuttall 1022, acc. Williams (Millsp. & Nutt., 1923). Pacific Coast. CAMPTOTHECIUM LUTESCENS (Hedw.) Schp. var. OCCIDENTALE Ren. & Card., Hedwigia 32:335 (1893). Five collections from Northern California. The species, Circumboreal. CAMPTOTHECIUM MEGAPTILUM Sull., Icon. Musc. Suppl. 102 (1874). On shaded northern slopes of Hay Fork Mts., and on bank near Douglas City, Trinity Co., Howe 1135, 1154; on rocky ledge in shade, 6 miles west of Big Bar, Trinity Co., Ikenberry 1486. Cytological study may eventually sub- stantiate the generic distinctness of this species. Pacific Coast. CAMPTOTHECIUM PINNATIFIDUM (Sull. & Lesq.) Jaeg. & Sauerb., St. Gall. Nat. Gesell. 1876-77:317 (1878). Apparently common in the coastal counties of the state, but the striking variation in the plants referred here suggests that more than one species may be involved. Pacific Coast. EURHYNCHIUM BRITTONIAE Grout, Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 25:248 (1898). Little River (Mendocino Co. ?), Bolander 332 (type), 330 (EGB). Apparently not recollected. California only. EURHYNCHIUM OREGANUM (Sull.) Jaeg. & Sauerb., St. Gall. Nat. Gesell. 1876-77:361 (1878). Common along the coast of Northern California, south to San Mateo Co., Dudley (DS). Pacific Coast. *EURHYNCHIUM PULCHELLUM (Hedw.) Jenn., Man. Mosses W. Pa. 350 (1913). E. strigosum (Hoffm.) Br. & Schp.; MFNA 3:17. Calaveras Grove, Bolander, acc. Lesq. (1868); the species and var. scabrisetum Grout from Santa Catalina Id. acc. Sayre (1940). Not seen. The species, Circumboreal. FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 31 EURHYNCHIUM STOKEsII (Smith) Schp., Bryol. Eur. 5(57-61) M:10, tab. 526 (1854). E. praelongum var. Stokesii (Turn.) Dixon; MFNA 3:21. Very com- mon except at high altitudes. Var. cALiFoRNICUM (Grout) Grout supposedly grows in drier habitats. Circumboreal. **EURHYNCHIUM suBSTRIGOSUM Kindb. in Mac. & Kindb., Cat. Can. Pl. 6:205 (1892). E. fallax (Ren. & Card.) Grout; MFNA 3:19. Mt. Shasta, Cooke 15657E. Pacific Coast. HOMALOTHECIUM NEVADENSE (Lesq.) Ren. & Card., Bot. Gaz. 13:202 (1888). Variable, common on rocks in the Sierras. Var. sUBULATUM Ren. & Card., less common. Pacific Coast. HoMALOTHECIUM NuTTALLn (Wils.) Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 3:60 (1928). Common, corticolous at low altitudes. Grout (1928-40) listed var. hamatidens (Kindb.) Grout and var. tenue (Kindb.) Grout. H. Nuttallii var. stoloniferum (Lesq.) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. Hypnum Nuttallii var. stoloniferum Lesq. (1868). The species, Pacific Coast. PLATYHYPNIDIUM RIPARIOIDES (Hedw.) Dixon, Rev. Bryol. Lich. 6:111 (1934). Eurhynchium rusciforme (Neck.) Milde; MFNA 3:22. A few speci- mens, widely scattered. Circumboreal, south to Guatemala (Bartram, 1949). PSEUDOISOTHECIUM STOLONIFERUM (Brid.) Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 3:12 (1928). Hypnum stoloniferum Hook., 1818, not Pal.-Beauv., 1805, Anomodon minor. Abundant in woods, Northern and Central California, seemingly grading into var. myurellum (Kindb.) Grout on rocks and soil in exposed habitats. Pacific Coast. SCLEROPODIUM APOCLADUM (Mitt.) Grout, Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 26:535 (1899). Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Palmer (Grout, 1899); Eaton Canyon near Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Kingman 729 (AJG); Mint Canyon, Los Angeles Co., MacFadden 8035. Pacific Coast. SCLEROPODIUM CALIFORNICUM (Lesq.) Ren. & Card., Rev. Bryol. 20:20 (1893). Common in the Bay area, south to Santa Catalina Id., Millspaugh 4593a (Williams in Millsp. & Nutt., 1923). California only. Scleropodium cespitans (C. Muell.) L. F. Koch, comb. nov. Hypnum cespitans C. Muell., Syn. Musc. 2:354 (1851); Hypnum caespitosum Wils., 1849, not Pal.-Beauv., 1805, Sematophyllum; MFNA 3:54. Common along the coast. Europe-North America. SCLEROPODIUM COLPOPHYLLUM (Sull.) Grout, Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 26:538 (1899). Frequent in Northern California; extremely puzzling farther south and fully as variable as Pseudoisothecium. Pacific Coast. SCLEROPODIUM OBTUSIFOLIUM (Drumm.) Kindb. in Mac. & Kindb., Cat. Can. Pl. 6:202 (1892). Frequent on boulders in or along streams and stream beds; several specimens very near the sea. Pacific Coast. ScLeRopopiuM Tourretu (Brid.) L. F. Koch, Rev. Bryol. Lich. 18:177 (1949). S. illecebrum (L.p.p.) Br. & Schp.; MFNA 3:51. Common except at high alti- tudes. Europe-North America. EXCLUDED SPECIES BRACHYTHECIUM OXYCLADON (Brid.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. Lesq. (1868) reported Hypnum laetum from the Yosemite Valley and Howe (1896) listed B. laetum 32 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 var. fallax from San Francisco. Howe’s specimen is Camptothecium arenar- ium. BRACHYTHECIUM POPULEUM (Hedw.) Br. & Schp. was first reported from the Sierra Nevada by Lesq. (1868). Watson (1880) and Rau & Hervey (1880) repeated this report but later workers failed to substantiate the record. BRACHYTHECIUM REFLEXUM (Starke) Br. & Schp. was listed by Paris (1904) with California in its range. BRACHYTHECIUM RIVULARE (Bruch) Br. & Schp. from Santa Anita Canyon, Moxley 987, acc. Moxley (1928) is probably B. lamprochryseum. BRACHYTHECIUM VELUTINUM (Hedw.) Schp. was first reported from Cali- fornia by Grout (1897). I am referring the specimens he cited to B. petro- philum. EURHYNCHIUM DIVERSIFOLIUM Br. & Schp. in Sequoia Nat. Park, Degener 16972 (Wynne, 1943) is Brachythecium petrophilum; Paris’ report (1905) is not substantiated. RHYNCHOSTEGIUM Royae (Aust.) Ren. & Card. was doubtfully referred to Eurhynchium praelongum by Grout (1928-40); the type at New York (EGB) appeared to me to be a mixture of a juvenile Eurhynchium and a Sclero- podium. The name should be rejected as such material can not be named satisfactorily. RHYNCHOSTEGIUM SERRULATUM (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. Eurhynchium in MFNA. The report from the valley of the Kaweah River by Holzinger (Coville, 1893) seems unlikely, but I have not seen the specimen. TOMENTHYPNUM NITENS (Hedw.) Loeske. Camptothecium in MFNA. A specimen from Sequoia Nat. Park, Degener & Peiler 16953b (EGB) reported by Wynne (1943) is a sterile Brachythecium. PLAGIOTHECIACEAE ISOPTERYGIUM ELEGANS (Brid.) Lindb., Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. Not. 13:416 (1874). Hypnum elegans Hook., not Brid. or Pal.-Beauv.; MFNA 3:163. Schaefer Road (San Luis Obispo Co. ?), Allen; Big Tree Park, Del Norte Co., L. A. Koch (LFK 2319); Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Koch 2263. Bipolar-montane. **ISOPTERYGIUM PULCHELLUM (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb., St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1876-77:441 (1878). Plagiothecium in MFNA 3:162. Summit water courses, (Nevada Co.?), Kellogg 352 (EGB); near Echo Lake, Eldorado Co., Conard 47-434 (HSC); near lower Soldier Lake, Tulare Co., Howell (LFK H154). Bipolar-montane. PLAGIOTHECIUM DENTICULATUM (Hedw.) Schp., Bryol. Eur. 5(48) M:12, tab. 501 (1851). Northern California, south to Marin Co., Howe. Bipolar-mon- tane. PLAGIOTHECIUM UNDULATUM (Hedw.) Schp., Bryol. Eur. 5(48) M:17, tab. 506 (1851). Along the coast in Northern California. Europe-North America. HYPNACEAE HypnuM CIRCINALE Hook., Musc. Exot. 2, tab. 107 (1820). Primarily in the Redwoods, south to Santa Cruz Co. North Pacific Basin. HYPNUM CUPRESSIFORME Hedw., Sp. Musc. 291 (1801). Mt. Tamalpais, FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 33 Marin Co., Bailey; probably to be found throughout the Sierras. Cosmo- politan. ?HYPNUM IMPONENS Hedw., Sp. Musc. 291 (1801). In California acc. Grout (1928-40). Circumboreal. ?HYPNUM REVOLUTUM (Mitt.) Lindb., Hedwigia 7:108 (1868). In California acc. Grout (1928-40). Bipolar-montane. HYPNUM SUBIMPONENS Lesq., Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. 13(1869):14 (1865). Northern California, south to the Bay area and Eldorado Co. Pacific Coast. **TRIPTEROCLADIUM LEUCOCLADULUM (C. Muell.) Kindb., Sp. Eur. Northam. Bryin. 1:31 (1896). On rocks, canyon south of junction of Beaver Creek and West Fork, Siskiyou Co., Ownbey 1897 (HSC). Pacific Coast. *VESICULARIA AMPHIBOLA (Spruce) Broth., Musci in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1(3)2:1094 (1908). Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Bradshaw 2964 (EGB), Wagner (LFK 2364a). Cf. Koch, 1949. ‘Tropical America. EXCLUDED SPECIES HyYPNUM FERTILE Sendt. was reported by Lesq. (1868) from the Big Trees (Calaveras Grove), Bolander, but the record is not confirmed by later workers. ENTODONTACEAE **ENTODON BREVISETUS (Hook. & Wils.) Jaeg. & Sauerb., St. Gall. Nat. Gesell. 1876-77:291 (1878). Gravelly soil in canyon near Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., McClatchie 12, (EGB). Not previously reported west of Mis- souri. Such a remarkable range extension causes me to suspect the origin of the specimen, but a fragment of what appears to be Alsia in the packet would indicate Californian material, although the habitat is not what I would expect for Alsia californica. Boreal America. RHYTIDIACEAE **RHYTIDIADELPHUs LoREUS (Hedw.) Warnst., Laubm., Krypt.-fl. Mark. Brand. 2:922 (1906). Big Trees Park, Del Norte Co., L. A. Koch (LFK 2317). Europe-North America. RHYTIDIADELPHUS TRIQUETRUS (Hedw.) Warnst., Laubm., Krypt.-fl. Mark. Brand. 2:920 (1906). Adams Station on Smith River, Del Norte Co., East- wood 415 (CAS); Canyon Creek, Dutch Flat, Placer Co., MacFadden 9796 (UCLA); presumably both specimens are referable to var. californicus (Ren. & Card.) Grout (type, Ames, acc. Ren. & Card., 1890). The species, Cir- cumboreal. HYLOCOMIACEAE ?HYLOCOMIUM SPLENDENS (Hedw.) Schp., Bryol. Eur. 5(49-52) M:5, tab. 487 (1852). In California acc. Grout (1928-40). Circumboreal. POLYTRICHACEAE ATRICHUM UNDULATUM (Hedw.) Pal.-Beauv., Prodr. Aeth. 42 (1805). Fre- quent in Northern California and the Bay area. Circumboreal. POGONATUM ALPINUM (Hedw.) Roehl., Wett. Gesell., Ann. 3:226 (1814). Four collections from Northern California, south to Alameda Co., Gibbons 34 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 157 (EGB). Var. BREVIFOLIUM Brid. from Mt. Dana, Bolander (Lesq., 1868), and Army Pass, Tulare Co., Howell (CAS, LFK H140). Bipolar-montane. POGONATUM CONTORTUM (Schwaegr.) Sull., Icon. Musco. Suppl. 58 (1874). Five collections from Humboldt and Del Norte counties. North Pacific Basin. POLYTRICHADELPHUS LYALLI Mitt., Linn. Soc. Lond., Journ. Bot. 8:49 (1865). Common in the Sierras; sporadic in the Coast Ranges. Pacific Coast. POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE Hedw., Sp. Musc. 88 (1801). Near Eureka, Hum- boldt Co., acc. Howe (1897); Sonoma Co., Butler 28a; Nevada Co., Koch 2014, Leiberg 5435; Plumas Co., Pringle, Bioletti (EGB); also mentioned by Bradshaw (1926) near Stanford University (?). Bipolar-montane. **POLYTRICHUM FORMOSUM Hedw., Sp. Musc. 92 (1801). Lassen Peak, Lassen Volcanic Nat. Park, Koch 1947. Bipolar-montane. **POLYTRICHUM GRACILE Smith, Fl. Brit. 3:1374 (1804). Lakeshore, Cotton- wood Lakes at 11,200 ft., Inyo Co., Howell (LFK H182). Bipolar-montane. POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM Hedw., Sp. Musc. 89 (1801). Common every- where except in the desert. Cosmopolitan. POLYTRICHUM PILIFERUM Hedw., Sp. Musc. 90 (1801). Same as the last but not as common. Cosmopolitan. SUMMARY This catalogue lists 317 species, including 31 that are believed to be reported from California for the first time (preceded by **), and 23 whose range according to the “Moss Flora’ does not include California, but are reported from the state elsewhere in the literature (preceded by *). Sixty-eight names, previously recorded for California, are excluded from the flora of the state for various reasons. The occurrence in California of 20 species is questioned (preceded by ?) and 8 other species were not seen by the author. Of the 288 species seen, 120 are represented from California by 5 specimens or fewer, 34 of these having been encountered only once. Only 17 recognized species are restricted to Cali- fornia. The obvious conclusion is that the moss flora of California is relatively unknown. University Herbarium and Department of Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 35 REFERENCES?! ANDERSON, L. E. 1943. 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Orthotrichaceae in No. Am. Fl. 15A:1-62, pls. 1-5. New York Bot. Garden. HamPez, E. 1860. Musci Californici novi. Linnaea 30:455-464. HeErzoc, T. 1916. Die Bryophyten meiner zweiten Reise durch Bolivia. Bib- lioth. Bot. 87:1-347, 1 Karte, Taf. 1-8, 234 Text-Abb. Ho.zincer, J. M. 1892. The systematic position of Entosthodon Bolanderi. Bot. Gaz. 17:380-381. 1900. Some new North American mosses. Bot. Gaz. 30:122-125, pl. 11. 1922. Grimmia Brandegei Aust. The Bryol. 25:16-17. 1925. Grimmia crinita Bridel var. capillata De Not., in North America. The Bryol. 28:32. Houzincer, J. M. & E. B. Bartram. 1924. The genus Crossidium in North America (concluded). The Bryol. 27:3-9, pls. 1-3. Hooker, W. J. & G. A. W. Arnott. 1830-41. The Botany of Capt. Beechey’s Voyage. London. Howe, M. A. 1894. Notes on California bryophytes I. Erythea 2:97-101, pls. 1-3. 1896. Notes on California bryophytes IT. Erythea 4:48-54. 1897. Notes on California bryophytes III. Erythea 5:87-94. Jones, G. N. 1933. Grimmiaceae in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 2:1-65. Kinpserc, N. C. 1892. A new Californian moss. Pittonia 2:243. 1895. New or less known species of pleurocarpous mosses from North America and Europe. Rev. Bryol. 22:81-88. 1896, 1897. Species of European and North-American Bryineae (Mosses). Pt. 1-2. KinemaAn, C. C. 1912. A list of mosses collected in southern California. The Bryol. 15:93-95. Kocu, L. F. 1948. Rediscovery of Fissidens pauperculus Howe. The Bryol. 51:30-31. 1949. Preliminary Studies of California Mosses I. The Bryol. 52:84-89. Lepace, E. 1947. Les lichens, les mousses, et les hepatiques du Quebec. Quatrieme fascicule. 38 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 1 LEsQuEREUx, L. 1865. On the mosses of California. Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. 13(1869):1-24. 1868. A catalogue of Pacific Coast mosses. Cal. Acad. Sci. Mem. 1:1-38. LEsQUEREUX, L. & T. P. JAMES. 1884. Manual of the mosses of North America. Pp. 1-447, pls. 1-6. Boston, Mass. Lowry, R. J. 1948. A cytotaxonomic study of the genus Mnium. Torr. Bot. Club Mem. 20:1-42. McCratcuir, A. J. 1897. Seedless plants of southern California. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. Proc. 1: 337-398. MeErriAM, C. H. 1899. Results of a biological survey of Mount Shasta, North- ern California. No. Am. Fauna no. 16. Div. Biol. Surv. U.S.D.A. MittspaucH, C, F. & L. W. Nutra. 1923. Flora of Santa Catalina Island. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. 5:1-413, 1 map, pls. 1-14. MrrTEN, W. 1865. The Bryologia of the survey of the 49th parallel of latitude. Linn. Soc. Lond., Journ. Bot. 8(1864):13-55, pls. 5-8. Moxey, G. L. 1928. Bryological notes from southern California. The Bryol. $1:7-10. 1931. Fissidens bryoides Hedw. in southern California? The Bryol. 34:64. 1937. Orthotrichum sp., Yes, but which? The Bryol. 40:113-114. MUELLER, C. 1875. Manipulus muscorum novorum. Flora, n. s., 33:76-80, 89-93. MUELLER, K. 1887. Beitraege zur Bryologie Nord Amerika’s Flora 70:219-224. Paris, E. G. 1903-1906. Index Bryologicus (ed. 2). Paris. PHELPs, A. L. 1878. Bryum Atwateriae. Bot. Gaz. 3:79-80. Rav, E. & A. B. HERVEY. 1880. Catalogue of North American Musci. Taunton. Pp. 52. Ren, H. A. 1895. History of Pasadena. Pasadena. Pp. 675. RENAULD, F. & J. Carport. 1888. New mosses of North America. Bot. Gaz. 13:197-202, pls. 13-20. 1888a. Mousses nouvelles de l’Amerique du Nord. Soc. Bot. Belg. Bull. 27:127-137, pls. 3-10. 1888b. Notice sur quelques mousses de l’Amerique du Nord. Rev. Bryol. 15:69-72. 1889. Mousses nouvelles de l’Amerique du Nord. Soc. Bot. Belg. Bull. 28(1):121-134, pls. 7-9. 1889a. New mosses of North America II. Bot. Gaz. 14:91-100. 1890. Mousses nouvelles de ]l’Amerique du Nord. Soc. Bot. Belg. Bull. 29(1):145-160, pls. 2-6. 1890a. New mosses of North America III. Bot. Gaz. 15:39-45, pls. 5-7. 1890b. New mosses of North America IV. Bot. Gaz. 15:57-62, pls. 8-10. 1892. Musci Americae septentrionalis, ex operibus novissimis recensiti et methodice dispositi. Rev. Bryol. 19:65-96. 1893. Musci Americae septentrionalis, ex operibus novissimis recensiti et methodice dispositi (suite). Rev. Bryol. 20:1-32. 1896. Mousses nouvelles de l’Amerique du Nord. Soc. Bot. Belg. Bull. 35(1):119-125, pls. 1, 2. Rotu, G. 1911. Die aussereuropaeischen Laubmoose. 1:1-331, pls. 1-33. Dresden. FEBRUARY, 1950] MOSSES OF CALIFORNIA 39 Sayre, G. 1935. Splachnaceae in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 2:89-102. 1935a. Timmiaceae and Aulacomniaceae in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 2:145-152. 1940. Mosses of the Santa Barbara Islands. The Bryol. 43:32-35. Suarp, A. J. 1934. Leskea and Pseudoleskea in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 3:185-196. 1936. Andreaeaceae in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:1-4. 1939. Taxonomic and ecological studies of eastern Tennessee bryophytes. Am. Midl. Nat. 21:267-354. STEERE, W. C. 1938. Barbula and Didymodon in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:173-191. 1939. Barbula in North America north of Mexico. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 66:93-119. 1939a. Tortula in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:228-246. 1940. Tortula in North America north of Mexico. The Bryol. 43:12-23, 45-56, 76-86, 98-109. SULLIVANT, W. S. 1854. Notices of new species of mosses from the Pacific Islands. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. Proc. 3:73-81. 1856. Description of the mosses and liverworts. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4:185-193, pls. 1-10. 1864. Icones Muscorum, pp. 216, pls. 1-128. Cambridge, Mass. 1874. Icones Muscorum supplement, pp. 109, pls. 1-81. SULLIVANT, W. S. & L. Lesquereux. 1856. Musci Boreali-Americani. (Ed. 2, 1865.) WareEHAM, R. T. 1939. Pottia and Pterigoneurum in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 1:197-211. WarnstorF, C. 1890. Contributions to the knowledge of North American Sphagna I. Bot. Gaz. 15:127-140. 1890a. Contributions to the knowledge of North American Sphagna III. Bot. Gaz. 15:217-227. 1891. Beitraege zur Kenntniss exotischer Sphagna. Hedwigia 30:127-178. 1894. Characteristik und Uebersicht der nord-, mittel-, und suedameri- kanischen Torfmoose nach dem heutigen Standpunkte der Sphagno- logie (1893). Hedwigia 30:307-337. Watson, S. 1880. Botany. Geological Survey of California. Musci, 2:353-423. WE cH, W. H. 1934. Fontinalaceae in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Am. 3:233-262. WittiaMs, R. S. 1913. Dicranaceae in No. Am. Fl. 15:77-158. New York Bot. Garden. 1920. Grimmia (Guembelia) brevirostris, sp. nov. The Bryol. 23:52-53, pl. 3. WynntE, F. E. 1943. Range extensions of mosses in western North America. The Bryol. 46:149-155. 1944. A Revision of the North American species of Drepanocladus. Un- published thesis, Univ. Mich. at Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1944a. Studies in Drepanocladus I11. Doubtful and excluded names. The Bryol. 47:66-78. 1944b. Studies in Drepanocladus IV. Taxonomy. The Bryol. 47:147-189. 40 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY INDEX TO GENERA [VOL. VI, NO. 1 Pages for excluded names, synonyms, and miscellaneous mention Acaulon 8, 16 Aloina 8 Alsia 25, 33 Amblystegium 27 Amphidium 22 Anacalypta 10 Anacolia 21 Andreaea 4 Anisothecium 5 Anomobryum 17 Anomodon 31 Antitrichia 25 Atrichum 33 Aulacomnium 21 Barbula 8, 9, 12, 13 Bartramia 21, 22 Bestia 25 Blindia 5 Brachythecium, 29, 30, 5 hiss 2) Braunia 24 Breutelia 18 Bruchia 6 Bryum 17, 18, 19, 20 Calliergon 27 Camptothecium 30, 32 Campylium 28 Ceratodon 4 Claopodium 27 Climacium 24 Cratoneuron 28, 29 Crossidium 9, 13 Cynodontium 6 Desmatodon 9, 13 Dendroalsia 25 Dichelyma 24 Dichodontium 6 Dicranella 5, 6 Dicranoweissia 6, 6, 18 Dicranum 6, 6 Didymodon 9, 10, 13 Distichium 4, 5, 18 Ditrichum 5, 5 Drepanocladus 24, 28, 29 are given in italics. Encalypta 7, 8, 8 Entodon 33 Entosthodon 16 Ephermerum 16 Epipterygium 19 Eucladium 10 Eurhynchium 30, 31, #1, J2 Fabronia 12, 26 Fissidens 7, 7 Fontinalis 24 Funaria 16, 16, 17 Grimmia 13, 14, 15, 16 Gymnostomum 10 Haplocladium 27 Hedwigia 24 Heterocladium 27 Homalothecium 31 Hookeria 26, 26 Husnotiella 10 Hygroamblystegium 28, 29 Hygrohypnum 28, 29 Hylocomium 33 Hymenostylium 13 Hypnum 20, 25, 27, 29, 21,9232, 33,33 Isopterygium 32 Isothecium 25 Leersia 8 Leptobryum 19 Leptodictyum 28, 29 Leptohymenium 25 Leskea 26 Leucolepis 20 Meesia 21 Merceya 10 Mniobryum 19 Mnium 18, 20, 20, 21, 21 Neckera 26, 26 Neckeradelphus 26 Octodiceras 7 Oncophorus 6, 6 Orthodicranum 6 Orthodontium 19 Orthotrichum 22, 23, 24 Phascum 10, 16 Philonotis 22, 22 Physcomitrella 17 Physcomitrium 17, 17 Plagiothecium 32, 32 Platyhypnidium 31 Pleuridium 5 Pogonatum 33, 34 Pohlia 19, 19, 20 Polytrichadelphus 34 Polytrichum 34 Porothamnium 26 Pottia 10, 13 Pseudobraunia 24 Pseudoisothecium 31 Pseudoleskea 26 Pterigoneurum 1/3 Pterigynandrum 25, 26 Pterogonium 25 Ptychomitrium 22 Rhacomitrium 15 Rhodobryum 20 Rhynchostegium 32 Rhytidiadelphus 33 Roellia 20, 20 Scleropodium 31, 32 Scouleria 15, 16 Sematophyllum 3/ Sphagnum 3, 4, 4, 27 Splachnum 17 Tayloria 17 Tetraphis 4 Thuidium 27 Timmia 22 Timmiella 10, 11, 11, 13 Tomenthypnum 32 Tortula 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 Trichostomopsis 12 Trichostomum J1, 13 Tripterocladium 33 Triquetrella 12 Ulota 24 Vesicularia 33 Weissia 12 Vol. VI LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS Notes on the Compositae of the Northwestern United States ARTHUR CRONQUIST Eriochloa in Arizona FRANK W. GouLp Notes on Malvaceae Tuomas H. KEARNEY Plants of the Todos Santos Islands, Baja California . Rem Moran SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Aprit 25, 1950 PAGE 4] 50 51 53 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bort. Owned and published by Joxun THomas HowELi APRIL, 1950] COMPOSITAE OF NORTHWESTERN U. S. 41 NOTES ON THE COMPOSITAE OF THE NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES BY ARTHUR CRONQUIST State College of Washington, Pullman Miscellaneous new entities and transfers which have accumu- Jated from work on northwestern American Compositae, chiefly from Idaho, are here presented. A few routine reductions of in- sufficiently distinct populations are included without further comment. The herbaria from which specimens are cited are in- dicated as follows: Ch, private herbarium of J. H. Christ, 1128 N.E. Knott St., Portland, Ore. IS, Idaho State College, Pocatello MO, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis NA, National Arboretum, U.S.D.A., Beltsville, Md. NY, New York Botanical Garden US, United States National Herbarium, Washington, D.C. UT, Utah State Agricultural College, Logan W, University of Washington, Seattle WS, State College of Washington, Pullman I wish to thank the curators of the several herbaria indicated for their kindness in making specimens available to me for study. Agoseris glauca (Pursh) D. Dietr. var. aspera (Rydb.) Cron- quist, comb. nov. A. Leontodon Rydb. var. aspera Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1:457 (1900); A. aspera Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. 1030, 1069 (1917). In varietal rank the foregoing combination takes precedence over A. glauca var. villosa (Rydb.) Wittr. (Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta. 6: 253,-1928), based on A. villosa Rydb. (Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 458,-1900). My opinion that both names apply to the same entity was evidently shared by Wittrock, since he annotated the type specimen of A. Leonto- don var. aspera (NY) as A. glauca var. villosa. Although A. Leon- todon var. aspera was published as a trinomial, it is referred to in the immediately subsequent text as a variety. Antennaria arcuata Cronquist, spec. nov. Herba 3-4 dm. alta, laxe tomen- tosa, per stolones arcuatos usque ad 1 dm. longos perennans; foliis imis oblanceolatis aliquot cm. longis demum deciduis, caulinis angustatis mod- erate numerosis gradatim reductis inferioribus usque ad 10 cm. longis 1 cm. latis; capitulis femineis moderate numerosis conferte aggregatis, involucro circa 5 mm. alto basi tomentoso apice striatulo et albido-scarioso; pappo basi vix connato; capitulis masculinis ignotis. Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 41-56, April 25, 1950. 42 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 2 Tab. I. Artemisia papposa Blake & Cronquist: 1, habit, x 74; 2, twig, x 14; 3, immature achene, x 20. APRIL, 1950] COMPOSITAE OF NORTHWESTERN U. S. 43 Plants loosely white-woolly, perennial by means of conspicuously arching stolons about | dm. long or less, the stolons rooting at the end and giving rise to another short-lived plant with a single strict flowering stem 3-4 dm. tall; basal leaves oblanceolate, several cm. long, but few and not persistent; cauline leaves narrow but well developed, moderately numerous, gradually reduced upwards; heads rather many in a close terminal cluster; involucre about 5 mm. high, tomentose below, the bracts whitish and minutely striate above; pappus-bristles only slightly and irregularly united at the base; staminate plants unknown. Type: J. H. Christ 16065, in wild hay meadow 9 miles east of Carey, Blaine Co., Idaho, July 31, 1946 (WS). Antennaria arcuata is so different from any other species of the genus known to me that its affinities are obscure. It mildly resembles Gnaphalium chilense Spreng. in aspect, but is tech- nically quite different. Although it would not fit into any pre- viously recognized entity even aside from the stolons, the nature of these organs seems likely to furnish a convenient recognition- feature for the species. | Antennaria neglecta Greene var. Howellii (Greene) Cron- quist, comb. nov. A. Howellii Greene, Pittonia 3: 174 (1897). Artemisia campestris L. var. Purshii (Hook.) Cronquist, comb. nov. A. spithamea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 522 (1814). A. borealis Pall. var. Purshii Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 326 (1833). Artemisia campestris L. var. Wormskioldii (Bess.) Cronquist, comb. nov. A. borealis Pall. var. Wormskioldii Bess. in Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 327 (1833); and in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 8: 84 (1834). Plants from the Columbia River gorge area, with the whole herbage as well as the involucre densely and rather loosely silky, are geographically and ecologically removed from var. Purshii, and would seem to merit taxonomic separation. In spite of the fact that Besser’s name would suggest Wormskjold’s plant from Greenland to be the type, his description and comments clearly indicate that it is peripheral to his concept. It seems necessary to take Douglas’ specimens from the Columbia River to represent the type. Furthermore, the first publication of the name was in Hooker’s flora, which preceded Besser’s own paper. Only Douglas’ and other western American collections are cited by Hooker. Artemisia papposa Blake & Cronquist, spec. nov. Tab. I, fig. 1-3. Frutex depressus ramulis brevibus foliosis, caulibus floriferis herbaceis erectis 8-20 cm. altis; foliis canescentibus pilis laxis brevibus, 1-3 cm. longis basi angustis 44 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 2 apice trifidis vel irregulariter palmatifidis, segmentis frequenter fissis, vel foliis caulinis latioribus integerrimis; inflorescentia racemiformi capitulis 4-10, involucro canescente 2—2.5 mm. alto, receptaculo nudo, floribus ex- terioribus femineis, ceteris hermaphroditis, omnibus fertilibus; achaeniis pappo brevissimo hyalino vel scarioso irregulariter laciniato coronatis. Low shrubs with short leafy shoots and simple annual flowering stems 8-20 cm. tall; leaves and involucres canescent with loosely spreading or subap- pressed, somewhat tangled short hairs; leaves 1-3 cm. long, with narrow base and trifid or irregularly palmatifid apex, the narrow segments often again cleft, or some of the cauline leaves broader and entire; inflorescence racemi- form with 4—10 erectly pedunculate heads; disk 3-6 mm. wide; involucre 2-2.5 mm. high; receptacle without hairs; flowers rather numerous, all fertile, the outer pistillate; pappus a short, hyaline or scarious, irregularly laciniate crown, some of the teeth often attenuate into slender hairs. Type: Maguire & Holmgren 26312, sagebrush-juniper slopes, 5 miles southwest of Mud Flat, on road to Juniper Mt., Owyhee Co., Idaho, June 7, 1946 (WS); isotype at UT. The locality as recorded above is approximately Township 10 South, Range 2 West. Additional collections, all from Idaho: J. H. Christ 11123, with sagebrush on high plateau, 20 miles south of Bruneau, Owyhee Co., June 1, 1940 (Ch, NA); J. H. Christ 14072, mineral soil on edge of mountain meadows, Mud Flat, 44 miles south- west of Grandview, Owyhee Co., June 17, 1944 (Ch); J. H. Christ 11778, on alkaline flats, near Laidlaw Ranch on Little Wood River, Muldoon, Blaine Co., August 2, 1940 (postmature) (Ch, NA). This unusually well-marked species of the section Abrotanum differs from all other known species of Artemisia in the presence of a minute but definite pappus. Its nearest, though still rather distant, relative would seem to be the herbaceous A. norvegica Fries sens. lat., from which it further differs in its shrubby habit, shorter involucre, and a number of less conspicuous technical characters. The type collection was distributed as A. frigida Willd., which, although somewhat similar in gross aspect, be- longs to another section and is otherwise quite different. Aster hesperius var. hesperius Cronquist, nom. nov. A. hes- perius Gray, Syn. Fl. 1?: 192 (1884), sens. strict.; A. foliaceus Lindl. var. hesperius Jeps., Man. Pl. Calif. 1047 (1925). Aster hesperius Gray var. laetevirens (Greene) Cronquist, comb. nov. A. laetevirens Greene, Pitt. 4: 219 (1900); A. coeru- APRIL, 1950] COMPOSITAE OF NORTHWESTERN U. S. 45 lescens DC. var. laetevirens Cronq., Am. Midl. Nat. 29: 437 (1943). Dr. L. H. Shinners has recently pointed out (Rhodora 51: 91-92,-1949) that the application of the name A. coerulescens DC. to a chiefly cordilleran species, as established by Wiegand (Rhodora 35: 26,-1933) and followed by me, is incorrect, deCan- dolle’s plant apparently being conspecific instead with the chiefly more eastern plant now generally treated as A. praealtus Poir. The oldest available name for the more western species seems to be A. hesperius Gray, to which the var. laetevirens is accordingly transferred. Aster pansus (Blake) Cronquist, comb. nov. A. multiflorus Ait. var. pansus Blake, Rhodora 30: 227 (1930). In her careful treatment of the Rocky Mountain representatives of the Aster ericoides group (Rhodora 35: 323-327,-1933), Mrs. Nelson dis- tinguishes A. ericoides L. from its relatives partly by its ‘‘caes- pitose” rather than “creeping” rootstocks. It is quite true that cordilleran plants which have passed as A. ericoides (or earlier as A. multiflorus Ait.) have the stems clustered from a rhizome which is shortened into a mere caudex, but in this respect they differ from typical eastern A. ericoides, which has well-devel- oped creeping rhizomes. The cordilleran plants also tend to have larger heads than A. ericotdes proper. Apparently the only name applicable to this western group is A. multiflorus var. pansus Blake, the type of which came from Ellensburg, Wash- ington (isotype at WS). In spite of the fact that Blake defined his variety by the orientation of the pubescence, and included eastern as well as western plants in it, it seems advisable to adopt the epithet he proposed rather than to coin a new name. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britt. var. petrophilus Cronquist, var. nov. A var. leiospermo differt: foliis amplioribus usque ad 5 cm. longis et 1.3 mm. latis; involucris amplioribus 8-10 mm. longis; corolla circa 9 mm. longa, lobis longioribus quam 1 mm. Shrub about 6-8 dm. tall; tomentum of the twigs pale yellowish-green, close; leaves thinly tomentulose or subglabrate, mostly 2-5 cm. long and 0.6—1.3 mm. wide; involucre glabrous or very nearly so, about 8-10 mm. high, the bracts blunt; corollas glabrous, about 9 mm. long, the lobes a little over 1 mm. long; style-appendages longer than the stigmatic portion, a little over 1 mm. long. Type: Cronquist 1965, limestone cliffs below forks of Irvin Creek, northeast of Argora, Clark Co., Idaho, August 19, 1939 46 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 2 (MO); isotypes at IS, UT. Distributed as C. nauseosus subsp. letospermus (Gray) Hall & Clem. Additional collections, both from Idaho: Cronquist 1995, U.S. Sheep Station grounds, near Dubois, Clark Co., August 22, 1939 (IS, MO, UT); Cronquist 854, same station, August 22, 1937 (UT). These two collections were distributed as C. nauseo- sus subsp. glareosus (Jones) Hall & Clem. Of the 20 subspecies of C. nauseosus (Pall.) Britt. listed by Hall & Clements (Phyl. Meth. ‘Tax., Carn. Inst. Wash. Pub. 326, pp. 209-234,-1923), only three have glabrous achenes. None of these is reported to occur farther north than central Utah. Of these three, subsp. Bigelovii (Gray) Hall & Clem. differs in its tomentulose involucre, sharply pointed involucral bracts, and other characters; subsp. glareosus (Jones) Hall & Clem. differs in its tomentulose involucre, reputedly smaller size, and larger involucres and corollas; and subsp. leiospermus (Gray) Hall & Clem. differs in its shorter, narrower leaves, shorter involucres, and shorter corollas with very short lobes. Cirsium Davisii Cronquist, spec. nov. A C. utahensi differt: caulibus et foliis densius tomentosis, involucro perspicue arachnoideo, floribus pur- pureis. Resembling C. wtahense Petrak in its shortly decurrent leaves, in the ab- sence of a glutinous dorsal ridge on the involucral bracts, and in that the spreading portion of the involucral bracts includes a significant portion of the body of the bract in addition to the spine; differing in its more densely and persistently pubescent herbage (the leaves almost snowy-white beneath), conspicuously arachnoid involucre, and bright pink-purple flowers. Dry corollas from the specimens seen have the following dimensions: tube 8.5-13.5 mm.; throat 8.5-9.5 mm.; lobes unequal, 3.5-7 mm. Type: Davis s.n., University of Idaho farm, Pocatello, Ban- nock Co., Idaho, June 8, 1931 (WS); isotype at IS. Additional collections, all from Idaho: J. H. Christ 8354, in low foothills west of Pocatello, Bannock Co., July 12, 1937 (Ch); J. H. Christ & W. W. Ward 10591, on roadsides and in foothills along the Portneuf River, 6 miles north of Downey, Bannock Co., June 26, 1939 (Ch); Davis s.n., same station as type, June 24, 1934 (IS); Davis s.n., foothills east of Montpelier, Bear Lake Co., June 28, 1930 (IS). Cirsium Davisii is obviously allied to C. utahense, and a thor- ough revision of the group might necessitate reconsideration of its taxonomic status, but in any case it seems to be a recognizable APRIL, 1950] COMPOSITAE OF NORTHWESTERN VU. S. 47 entity. It has been suggested in herbario that this plant might be the same as C. subniveum Rydb., the type of which came from Jackson’s Hole, Wyoming. After examination of the type (US), I am using the name C. subniveum for a population, com- mon at middle elevations in the mountains of central Idaho, which has smaller and notably fewer-flowered heads than C. utahense and C. Davisit. Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt. var. thermale (E. Nels.) Cronquist, comb. nov. G. thermale E. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 30: 121 (1900). Senecio bivestitus Cronquist, spec. nov. Herba perennis e caudice brevi; caulibus solitariis vel perpaucis, 7-20 cm. altis; foliis imis persistentibus, late oblanceolatis vel anguste obovatis vel ellipticis vel late elliptico-oblongis, sessilibus vel subpetiolatis, 3-7 cm. longis, 8-22 mm. latis, primum dense arachnoideo-tomentosis, tomento deinde plus minusve deciduo, pilos com- pressos multicellulares subviscidos appressos retegente; foliis caulinis paucis sessilibus plus minusve reductis; inflorescentia corymbiformi, capitulis paucis, involucro 5—7 mm. alto ebracteolato, phyllaribus acuminatis, purpurascenti- bus apice; disco 1-2 cm. lato, ligulis aurantiacis, 8-15 mm. longis. Fibrous-rooted perennial apparently with a short, stout, erect caudex, 7-20 cm. tall, densely arachnoid-tomentose, the tomentum partly deciduous; stems solitary or few together, each with its own tuft of persistent basal leaves, these broadly oblanceolate or narrowly obovate to elliptic or broadly elliptic-oblong, sessile and broad-based or more tapering and subpetiolate, 3-7 cm. long, 8-22 mm. wide, more or less copiously provided with persistent, flattened, multicellular, somewhat viscid or glandular, appressed hairs under the tomentum, entire or irregularly wavy and callous-toothed; cauline leaves several, sessile, reduced upwards, becoming lance-acuminate; heads several in a corymbiform inflorescence, the terminal one the largest; involucre 5—7 mm. high, shorter than the disk, its bracts slender, gradually acuminate or attenuate, purplish above, without bracteoles; disk 1-2 cm. wide; rays orange, 8-15 mm. long; achenes hirtellous. Type: C. L. Hitchcock 16633, alpine meadow near Cooke City highway, near summit of Beartooth Mts., Park Co., Wyo- ming, July 19, 1947 (WS); isotype at W. Additional collections, both in Wyoming: Hitchcock & Muh- lick 13495, same station as above, elevation 9700 ft., August 12, 1945 (W, WS); Daubenmire 48357, alpine zone, Beartooth Mts., Park Co., July 19, 1938 (WS). This species does not seem to be closely allied to any other American species, finding its relationships, instead, in the north- ern European alliance which includes S$. aurantiacus DC., S. 48 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 2 campestris DC., and S. spathulifolius DC. Of this group, S. cam- pestris, at least, shares the dual type of foliar pubescence, but is larger and more glabrate, with paler flowers and more petio- late leaves. Senecio aurantiacus has the orange flowers, but is larger and more glabrate, with more elongate leaves. It is not to be expected that a population isolated in the Beartooth Mts. would be identical with any Old World species, and the new entity is confidently proposed. Dr. Hitchcock tells me that it is abundant where he collected it, occurring in company with a number of arctic-alpine species. Senecio integerrimus Nutt. var. exaltatus (Nutt.) Cronquist, comb. nov. S. exaltatus Nutt., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II, 7: 410 (1841); S. lugens Richards. var. exaltatus A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 413 (1876). Senecio integerrimus Nutt. var. ochroleucus (Gray) Cron- quist, comb. nov. S. lugens Richards. var. ochroleucus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. 1?: 388 (1884). Typical Senecio integerrimus Nutt., as it occurs on the plains east of the Rocky Mountains, is replaced in the cordilleran area by a phase which has the peduncle of the terminal head more consistently shortened and thickened, and the involucral bracts a little wider, with consist- ently well-developed black tips. Although this western phase is tremendously variable, only one consistently distinguishable population seems to have become segregated from the main mass. ‘This is the nearly white-rayed plant, commonly with rela- tively broad and abruptly contracted basal leaves, occurring from northern Idaho, across northern Washington to the Cas- cades, and thence south apparently to northern California. In some places plants with bright yellow and very pale rays grow intermingled without any other apparent differences. Senecio lugens Richards., with which these as well as other forms of S. integerrimus have been confused, is a more northern plant with more tomentose pubescence and much longer and more conspicuous black tips on the involucral bracts; it seems to be quite distinct. ~ Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Torr.) H. M. Hall var. myrioclada (D. C. Eat.) Cronquist, comb. nov. S. myrioclada D. C. Eat., Bot. King Exp. 198 (1871). Tanacetum potentilloides var. potentilloides Cronquist, nom. APRIL, 1950] COMPOSITAE OF NORTHWESTERN U. S. 49 nov. Artemisia potentilloides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 551 (1865); T. potentilloides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 204 (1874), sens. strict. Tanacetum potentilloides Gray var. nitrophilum Cronquist, var. nov. A var. potentilloide differt: humilius (caulibus 5-15 cm. longis), foliis minus dissectis, caulibus subnudis, capitulis (1-4) minus numerosis. Differing from var. potentilloides in its smaller size (5-15 cm. high), less dissected (commonly merely pinnate) basal leaves, more nearly naked stems, fewer (1-4) heads, and more eastern distribution. Type: Holmgren 869, locally common in moist alkaline mead- ows, associated with Distichlis and Hesperochiron, 8 miles north of Twin Bridges, Elko County, Nevada, May 26, 1941 (WS); isotype at UT. Additional collections. IpAHo: Christ 12375, 8 miles west of Hill City, Elmore Co., June 14, 1941 (IS). NEvapa: Maguire & Holmgren 25772, Monitor Range, Toiyabe National Forest, Nye Co., July 14, 1945 (UT); Holmgren 641, 30 miles northwest of Elko, Elko Co., June 10, 1940 (UT, WS). Collections of T. potentilloides var. potentilloides. OREGON: Eggleston 7110, 4 miles west of Lakeview, Lake Co. (US); Lake Co., Austin s.n., July, 1893 (US); Henderson 9516, near Lake- view, Lake Co. (WS); Thompson 11935, near Seneca, Grant Co. (US, WS); Maguire & Holmgren 26484, between Suntex and Riley, Harney Co. (UT, WS). OrEGOoN, without county: Howell s.n., June 9, 1885 (US); Cusick 1660, S. Blue Mts. and Harney Valley (US, WS); Coville & Leiberg 312, central portion of Sprague River Valley (US). Catirornia: Heller & Kennedy 8679, between Vinto and Beckwiths, Plumas Co. (US); Eastwood 7846, Loyalton, Sierra Co. (US); Lemmon 37, Sierra Valley, Plumas or Sierra Co. (US). The cleavage between T. potentilloides var. potentilloides and T. potenttlloides var. nitrophilum seems to be sharp, and no really doubtful specimens have been seen. The differences, however, are all quantitative, and dwarf specimens of var. po- tentilloides are very similar to var. nitrophilum except for the more divided leaves. Since the entities are unquestionably closely related, it seems advisable under the circumstances to treat them as parts of a single species. Townsendia florifer (Hook.) A. Gray var. Watsoni (A. Gray) 50 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 2 Cronquist, comb. nov. T. Watsoni A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 84 (1880). Townsendia Watsoni was considered by Miss Larsen | (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 18,-1927) to differ from T. florifer chiefly in its larger, relatively broader cauline leaves (“mostly obovate-spathulate,” as opposed to “mostly linear-spathulate”), and slightly more southern distribution. Variation from one ex- treme of leaf-shape to the other is continuous, however, and there are plants from southeastern Idaho, within the range of T. florifer rather than of T. Watsoni, as defined by Miss Larsen, which might about as well be placed with T. Watsoni. Some of these specimens have in fact been referred to T. Watsoni by a competent and well-known synantherologist. The reduction of the ray-pappus in T. Watsoni has sometimes been adduced as a character to distinguish it from T. florifer, in which the ray- pappus is supposed to resemble that of the disk flowers, but, as pointed out by Miss Larsen, the ray-pappus of T. florifer is highly variable. The two entities here discussed are very similar in general aspect; in view of their morphological and geograph- ical confluence I think it proper to consider them as parts of a single species. ERIOCHLOA IN ARIZONA BY FRANK W. GOULD Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas The genus Eriochloa is represented in Arizona largely by a group of semi-weedy annuals, variously distinguished as E. Lem- moni Vasey & Scribn., E. gracilis (Fourn.) Hitche., E. gracilis var. minor (Vasey) Hitchc., and E. aristata Vasey. Two other species have been reported for the state, one, E. contracta Hitchc., is known by a single collection (Kearney & Peebles 14484), and the other, E. procera (Retz.) Hubbard, is known from collections made on the University of Arizona campus, Tucson. There is good evidence that E. procera grew only in the early university grass garden. All of the collections were made in the years 1901 to 1903 and some are marked “cult.” In the opinion of the writer this species should be eliminated from listings of Arizona grasses. Field and herbarium studies over a number of years have led the writer to the conclusion that E. Lemmoni and E. gracilis APRIL, 1950] NOTES ON MALVACEAE 51 var. minor are indistinguishable. It is also apparent that E. Lem- moni and E. gracilis are composed of intergrading, but for the most part readily distinguishable forms. Eriochloa aristata is closely related to E. gracilis from which it is differentiated by its larger spikelets. Further studies will probably show these two to be only varietally distinct. The following new nomenclatorial combination and key pre- sent the writer’s taxonomic disposition of the Arizona species of Eriochloa: Eriochloa Lemmoni Vasey & Scribn. var gracilis (Fourn.) Gould, comb. nov. Helopus gracilis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 13 (1886); Eriochloa gracilis (Fourn.) Hitchc., Jour. Wash. Acad. 93: 455 (1933). KEY TO THE ARIZONA SPECIES OF ERIOCHLOA Spikelets mostly 6 mm. long or less, acuminate or short-awned. Cusp of fertile lemma usually 5 mm. long or less; panicle-branches often more than 2.5 cm. long and usually more or less spreading at maturity; common. Leaf-blades mostly pubescent to villous; second glume mostly 4 mm. long or less, rather abruptly acuminate; hairs of the panicle- branches and pedicels tending to be long and dense. 1. E. Lemmoni Leaf-blades usually glabrous; second glume mostly 4.5-6 mm. long, gradually tapering to an acuminate or aristate apex; hairs of the panicle-branches and pedicels tending to be short and not conspicuously dense .............. la. E. Lemmoni var. gracilis Cusp of fertile lemma mostly more than 5 mm, long; panicle-branches mostly 1-2 cm. long, appressed; infrequent ........ 2. E. contracta Spikelets mostly 7-11 mm. long, with an awn-tip often as long as the MUNG Grr LEE pie yet slorde dd wk ea iahee Sathana net oe 3. E. aristata NOTES ON MALVACEAE BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY An Apotocy. In Leaflets of Western Botany (5: 190) the writer published the combination Neobaclea crispifolia (Cav.), over- looking the fact that the same combination had been published previously, with full synonymy, by Krapovickas, in a paper en- titled “E] género Neobaclea (Malvaceae) y su distribucién geo- grafica en la Republica Argentina” (Darwiniana 7: 108-112,— 1945). The mature fruit of Neobaclea, hitherto unknown, was described and illustrated by Krapovickas (ibid. p. 110). 52 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 2 TYPE OF THE GENUs Sipopsis. This monotypic genus was pub- lished by Rydberg in 1932 (Flora Prairies and Plains Central North America, p. 541) based upon Sida hispida “Ell.,” with Malvastrum angustum Gray cited as a synonym. Professor Fer- nald (Rhodora 41: 435-436) pointed out that Pursh, not Elliott, was the author of Sida hispida, and that Malvastrum angustum is not known from Georgia, the locality of the collection by John Lyon cited by Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept. p. 452). Pursh de- scribed this plant as follows: “S. hispido-pilosa; foliis lanceolatis- serratis, pedunculis solitariis axillaribus longitudine petiolo- rum, calyce exteriore filiformi—Flowers yellow.’ This brief characterization applies well to the plant commonly known as Malvastrum angustum, as was the opinion of Hooker (Jour. Bot. 1: 198). Pursh’s description does not correspond to any other malvaceous plant of the eastern United States known to the writer. Furthermore, since Malvastrum angustum has been found as far to the southeast as Alabama, “rarely Coastal Plain,” according to Small (Man. Southeastern Flora p. 849), its occur- rence in Georgia is less improbable than Professor Fernald sup- posed. Sidopsis appears to be a valid genus, differing from Mal- vastrum and Sphaeralcea, as the writer would now define these genera, in its completely dehiscent carpels, and from Sphaeralcea also in the non-reticulate carpels. It would seem permissible to designate the type as Sidopsis hispida (Pursh) Rydb., emend. Kearney, with Malvastrum angustum Gray, M. hispidum (Pursh) Hochr., and Sphaeralcea angusta (Gray) Fern. as synonyms. Professor Joseph Ewan (personal communication) has sug- gested that the type of Sida hispida Pursh may have been ob- tained, not by John Lyon but by Aloysius Enslen, who collected in “Lower Louisiana,” hence in territory where Sidopsis 1s known to occur. GNAPHALIUM LUTEO-ALBUM L. IN ARIZONA. What appears to be the first Arizona record of this weedy species was collected in March, 1950, by Gale Monson in the Havasu Lake National Wildlife Refuge near Topock, Mohave Co. Although several collections have been known from coastal southern California, this is the first to be seen from as far east as the lower Colorado River.—J. T. Howe Lt. APRIL, 1950] | PLANTS OF TODOS SANTOS ISLANDS 53 PLANTS OF THE TODOS SANTOS ISLANDS, BAJA CALIFORNIA BY REID MORAN University of California, Berkeley The Todos Santos Islands lie west of the northern coast of Baja California, Mexico, about nine miles from Ensenada and about four miles from Punta Banda. The hilly southern island is slightly more than half a mile long and 300 feet high, while the flat northern island is shorter and lower. Because the islands are connected with Banda Promontory by a submarine ridge, it has been suggested that in the past they formed a part of the promontory. According to Greene (2), a “Miss Fink” collected Eschscholzia Orcuttiana Greene on the Todos Santos Islands. Probably this was Miss Fannie E. Fish. According to Mrs. Ethel Bailey Hig- gins, Miss Fish lived at Sauzal on Todos Santos Bay in the early 1880’s and collected for Dr. C. C. Parry. In March, 1897, A. W. Anthony, T. S. Brandegee, and A. L. Stockton spent three or four days collecting plants on the Todos Santos Islands. According to Brandegee (1), “Seventy species of plants were collected, and doubtless more would have been found two weeks later, for the vegetation was not much ad- vanced in the early part of March.” Brandegee mentioned some of the commonest and most interesting plants but did not give a full list of species. In the spring of 1948, George Lindsay and I visited the Todos Santos Islands with Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Cavanagh in their ketch, the Marviento (3). We had a day of collecting on the southern island on April 7 and landed there again on the after- noon of May 6. We found a total of 60 species. The first set of my collections is in the University of California Herbarium. In February, 1949, George Lindsay, Paul Silva, John H. Thomas, and Ira L. Wiggins collected on the southern island. Because of the early time of year, their collections of land plants came to only 27 species. This first plant list for the Todos Santos Islands, including only 70 species, is doubtless incomplete, but interest in the in- 54 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 2 sular floras of Baja California seems to warrant its publication. Collection numbers are mine unless otherwise indicated. BROMUS RUBENS L. Occasional. FESTUCA MEGALURA Nutt. Common, 2820. MELICA IMPERFECTA Trin. Common, 2789. . DICHELOSTEMMA PULCHELLUM (Salisb.) Hel. Occasional on north flat, 2796. PARIETARIA FLORIDANA Nutt. Common among rocks, 2795. UrTICA URENS L. Wiggins 11978. PTEROSTEGIA DRYMARIOIWES F. & M. Common among rocks, 2786. ERIOGONUM GRANDE Greene. Occasional on cliff at northeast side, 2806. ATRIPLEX JULACEA Wats. Occasional on west side, 2824. CHENOPODIUM CALIFORNICUM Wats. Occasional among rocks, 2815. CHENOPODIUM MURALE L. Common, 2827. MiraBiLis LAEvis (Benth.) Curran. Common, 2802. CARPOBROTUS CHILENSIS (Molina) N. E. Br. Mesembryanthe- mum chilense Molina. Common. CRYOPHYTUM CRYSTALLINUM (L.) N. E. Br. Mesembryanthe- mum crystallinum L. Common. CALANDRINIA CILIATA (R. & P.) DC. var. MENziEsi1 (Hook.) Macbr. Locally common on hill, 2834. CALANDRINIA MARITIMA Nutt. Locally common on hill, 2832. Listed by Brandegee as one of the commonest plants of the island. CLEMATIS PAUCIFLORA Nutt. Occasional, climbing over rocks, 2812. EsCHSCHOLZIA ELEGANS Greene. Frequent on south slope of main hill, 2830. “DESCURAINIA PINNATA (Walt.) Britt. subsp. Menzies (DC.) Detling. Occasional, 2787. LEPIDIUM NiTIDUM Nutt. Thomas 36. ‘THELYPODIUM LASIOPHYLLUM (H. & A) Greene. Rare, 2817. DupLEYA ANOMALA (Davids.) Moran. Densely covering rocks and cliffs with north and east exposure, 3066. Definitely known before only from North and South Coronado Islands, though doubtfully reported also from the mainland. APRIL, 1950] | PLANTS OF TODOS SANTOS ISLANDS 55 DUuDLEYA ATTENUATA (Wats.) Moran subsp. OrcuTTi1 (Rose) Moran. Frequent on flat area at northeast side of island, 3065. DupLEYA BRYCEAE Britt. Common from sea cliffs to top of island, 2785. Dudleya semiteres (Rose) Moran, comb. nov. Stylophyllum semiteres Rose, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:35. 1903. Occasional on flat at northeast side of island, 3064. Also collected on South Coronado Island, 2205; at Rancho Cuevas, 2/06; and near the mouth of the Guadalupe River, 2209, 3100. All of these locali- ties are in northern Baja California. The plant has been pre- viously known only from the type-collection by C. R. Orcutt in “Lower California or the Colorado Desert of California.” CRASSULA ERECTA (H. & A.) Berger. Tillaea erecta H. & A. Only one colony seen, 2807. ASTRAGALUS LEUCOPSIS T. & G. Occasional, 2822. Lorus stricosus (Nutt.) Greene. Occasional, 2801. Lotus Watsonu (Vasey & Rose) Greene. Occasional, 2831. LuPINUS TRUNCATUS Nutt. Occasional, 2798. VICIA ExIGUA Nutt. Occasional, 2799. ERODIUM CICUTARIUM (L.) L’Her. 2819. ERODIUM MOSCHATUM (L.) L’Her. Occasional, 2810. EUPHORBIA MISERA Benth. Occasional, 2792. RHUSs INTEGRIFOLIA (Nutt.) B. & H. Low shrubs on flat at north end, 2791. RHUS LAURINA Nutt. Flat at north end, 2790. MALVA PARVIFLORA L. At abandoned lobster camp, 2826. MALVASTRUM EXILE Gray. Brandegee in 1897. BERGEROCACTUs Emory!i (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose. Cereus Em- oryt Engelm. Forming thickets at northeast end. MAMMILLaRIA bioica K. Brandg. Found by George Lindsay in 1949. OPUNTIA OCCIDENTALIS Englm. & Bigel. Common at northeast end. APIASTRUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Nutt. Occasional, 2788. CONVOLVULUs AriIDUs Greene subsp. LONGILOBUs Abrams. Occa- sional, 2797. DICHONDRA OCCIDENTALIS House. Common on south slope of main hill, 2829. 56 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 2 EucrYPTA CHRYSANTHEMIFOLIA (Benth.) Greene. Occasional, 2805. PHACELIA CICUTARIA Greene var. HISPIDA (Gray) J. T. Howell. Uncommon at northeast end, 2793. PHACELIA DISTANS Benth. Occasional, 2823. PHACELIA HIRTUOSA Gray. Uncommon, 2793a; determined by Dr. L. Constance. PHACELIA IXODES Kell. Occasional on east side just above tide, 2825. PHOLISTOMA RACEMOSUM (Nutt.) Constance. Occasional among rocks at northeast end, 2813. AMSINCKIA INTERMEDIA F. & M. Occasional at northeast end, 2808. CRYPTANTHA CLEVELANDII Greene. Uncommon at northeast end, 2821. LyciuM BREvIPES Benth. Collected by Brandegee. LyciIuM CALIFORNICUM Nutt. Occasional, 2828. NICOTIANA CLEVELAND Gray. Locally common on hill, 2833. PHYSALIS GREENEI Vasey & Rose. Brandegee in 1897. SOLANUM PALMERI Vasey & Rose. Brandegee in 1897. CasTILLEJA Douc asin Benth. Occasional, 2811. ECHINOCYSTIS MACROCARPA Greene. Common, 2818. APLOPAPPUS BERBERIDIS Gray. Occasional, 2816. ARTEMISIA CALIFORNICA Less. Common at northeast end, 2814. CorEOPSIS MARITIMA (Nutt.) Hook. f. Common on northeast slopes, 2809. ENCELIA CALIFORNICA Nutt. Common, 2800. FRANSERIA CHENOPODIIFOLIA Benth. Reported by Brandegee. HEmMIzoniA sp. Common, 2803. According to Dr. D. D. Keck, this is an undescribed species. MALACOTHRIX CLEVELANDI Gray. Occasional, 2804. PERITYLE EMoryi Torr. Brandegee in 1897. SONCHUS OLERACEUS L. Occasional, 2794. SONCHUS TENERRIMUS L. Brandegee in 1897. VERBESINA DISSITA Gray. Brandegee in 1897. REFERENCES 1. BRANDEGEE, T. S. Voyage of the Wahlberg. Zoe 5: 19-28 (1900). 2. GREENE, E. L. Revision of Eschscholtzia. Pittonia 5: 205-293 (1905). 3. Moran, R. V. and G. Linpsay. Desert Islands of Baja California: I. Todos Santos Islands. Desert Plant Life 21: 125-128 (1949). Vol. VI No. 3 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS PAGE BUX ar With’ Pityopiis... 5 2)60 8 Oo he ee eee Joun THomAs HOWELL Whence Sedum pinetorum Brandegee? . . . . . . 62 Reip Moran Three New Speciesand One New Formin Bromus. . . 64 H. Ke1tH WAGNON RCRENA SE LEA POGERCT TENS.) fo! Shah dno Lat CONOR ahd ot Gaetan Joun THomas HOWELL A New Variety in Eriogonum rotundifolium . . . . 7l GEORGE J. GOODMAN This number published with funds from THE CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Jury 7, 1950 Bi LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. Owned and published by Joun THomaAs HOWELL JULY, 1950] A YEAR WITH PITYOPUS 57 A YEAR WITH PITYOPUS BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Among the most striking plants in our western woods are two ericaceous saprophytes, the slender reddish-brown pine drops (Pterospora andromedea) and the stout brilliant red snow plant (Sarcodes sanguinea). These two are relatively common but they are related to other saprophytes that are rarely, if ever, seen even by keen-eyed botanists. Here in California, Allotropa, Hypo- pitys, and Monotropa belong to this rarer group, while it is an occasion anywhere to find Newberrya, Pleuricospora, or Pity- opus. As it has been treated by recent students (Copeland f., Ma- drofio 3:154-168,—1935; Jepson, FI. Calif. 3:66,—1939), Pityopus is a genus consisting of a single very rare species which was first described from Marin County, California, by Miss Eastwood as Monotropa californica, and subsequently named and described from north of Mt. Hood, Oregon, by Dr. J. K. Small, as Pityopus oreganus. H. F. Copeland (1935) showed that the two belonged to the same species and published the necessary combination, Pityopus californicus. Aside from the collections on which the two original names were based, less than a half dozen other specimens have been re- ported between Mt. Hood on the north and Fresno County, California, on the south. Hence it is with the greatest of in- terest that specimens of this rare plant from two new stations have been collected by Miss Jean Boyd and Mrs. Marie L. Kelly in Mendocino County, California. The first of these, collected in June, 1948, at Lake Leonard, about 15 miles northwest of Ukiah, was studied and determined by Dr. Copeland; the sec- ond specimen, found near Little River about one mile inland from the coast at an elevation of about 400 feet, came to my at- tention in April, 1949, at the flower show of the California Spring Blossom and Wildflower Association in San Francisco. These plants were only in bud but they were kept and cared for by Mrs. Elsie Zeile Lovegrove until they bloomed a month later, when I examined them. This was the beginning of a series of Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 57-72, July 7, 1950. 58 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 3 field and herbarium studies that have revealed several new facts in the life history of this rare plant. These facts, I believe, can be appropriately recorded by chronologically arranged excerpts from the extensive correspondence between Miss Boyd, Mrs. Kelly, and me, and from my herbarium notes. To Miss Boyd, May 14, 1949: The small white ericaceous saprophyte which you sent in bud to Mrs. Lovegrove finally bloomed and I think it is the very rare Pityopus califor- nicus. The distinct petals and 1-celled ovary are the characters which point to this conclusion. The only specimen we have had until now is the original plant found by Miss Eastwood in the Little Carson, so you can realize how grateful we are to you for sending the plant and to Mrs. Lovegrove for “nursing the baby” along. Now I wonder if there are enough plants for you to send a larger speci- men. If there aren’t many, don’t send any more in flower but wait until the plants fruit. The fruit of this genus is still unknown. With you and Mrs. Kelly living nearby, it is a grand opportunity to get the plant with partly or completely ripe fruit and so make a real contribution to botanical knowl- edge. Also we don’t know too much about the places where this plant grows— under what kind of trees, in what kind of leaf-mold, in sun or shade, wet soil or dry, etc. From Mrs. Kelly, May 24, 1949: Jean Boyd forwarded your letter of May 14 with the request that I dash over to the Little River watershed and send you further samples. I am sending what I think are three mature specimens. I hunted carefully for some that had set seed but as you will see some animal seems to have chewed all the tops off. There are 50 or 60 more single plants or groups which should be in bloom early next week. I am very much puzzled by the fact that Jepson does not mention the very strong perfume. A friend noticed it fully three feet away and thought it resembled orange blossoms or jasmine. I thought it smelled like lemon blossom and vanilla, but like sachet or face powder rather than perfume or cologne. Only the ones in flower had this perfume. I checked both the young buds and the broken off pieces. The plants are growing on a slight slope which is very damp in winter, dry now, under trees in needle droppings with no other small live plants near. The droppings were dry and nowhere more than two inches deep. Some of the plants were close by the trees, white fir (Abies grandis) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia). The trees are all very unhealthy and dense. I don’t think the sun comes through to any degree—it was noon when I was there and it was gloomy, though the day was very sunny and warm. There were no redwoods, Vaccinium ovatum, or Rhododendron, all of which are characteristic a short distance away. JULY, 1950] A YEAR WITH PITYOPUS 59 ' To Mrs. Kelly, May 27, 1949: With the receipt of the fine box of material, the identity of the ghostly saprophyte is definitely fixed. I have dissected the immature fruit and the plant is Pityopus californicus. I would nominate you and Miss Boyd as the discoverers of the rarest 1949 plant! Since the plant is so rare, I believe we shouldn’t disturb any more, at least while they are maturing. The fruits are well-formed but are very im- mature. It may be a month (or longer) before the seeds are ripe. If the ani- mals, which seem to be eating the plant, have left any fruits to mature, I hope we may learn how the fruit capsule splits open. Around the Fourth of July, perhaps.... From Miss Boyd, May 30, 1949: Mrs. Kelly tells me she omitted to write that the plants grow at an eleva- tion of about 400 feet (not over) and the distance from the sea about one mile. The elevation is of interest to me as Jepson places it at 1000 to 3000 feet. We are both “stumped” as to finding the fruit. Apparently the flower disintegrates and it is difficult to pick up the pieces. We are planning to put paper under some of the less ripe specimens on the chance that the pieces might develop on the ground. To Miss Boyd, June 6, 1949: From the present condition of the flowers and immature fruits, I doubt if there will be any fruit ripe before July—provided the devouring animals that crawl in the night leave any to go to seed. Anyway, if it is possible to get fruit, that will be an additional triumph. I suggest watchful waiting! It was then that Miss Boyd and Mrs. Kelly devised a plan for protecting the little herbs that were so evidently relished by some animal—they covered them with half-inch wire mesh cages that were weighted and fastened to the ground. Without this precaution fruiting specimens would probably never have been obtained. From Mrs. Kelly, June 27, 1949: I am sending you a few more Pityopus specimens. As you will see by the most advanced one, they are far from the dry capsule stage. I did not dis- turb the seven “caged” specimens which are much larger (about 7 inches tall). Maybe you can guess when they will be ripe; meanwhile we'll watch them. I noted a small bumble bee (about a half inch long) busily at work on one of the younger plants that is still fragrant. I was unable to catch him. From Mrs. Kelly, Aug. 15, 1949: On Aug. 13 we sent you three fruits of Pityopus. Four complete plants remain, two under cages and two with improvised brush covering. We car- 60 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 3 ried the plant material home in absorbent cotton and when we unrolled it to repack it for sending, the odor was unpleasant. My best description is that it resembled Brie or Camembert cheese which had passed prime and started to dry out. You may have noticed the odor when unpacking. The pleasant perfume of the flowers was very evanescent, so this odor may be too. These “most advanced fruits” of August did not seem to be mature because I expected the fruit to be capsular. The black- ened stems and leaves were shriveled and dry but the flower- parts were still intact and the fruit fleshy. None of the odor de- scribed by Mrs. Kelly was perceived by me. Finally on Sept. 17, I received specimens from which the char- acter of the fruit was definitely determined. Letter to Miss Boyd, Sept. 19, 1949: I think the mystery of Pityopus fruit is solved. In the wonderful lot of material you sent last week are a number of fruits containing ripe seeds. These are embedded in a sticky viscous substance derived from the disin- tegration of the fleshy placentae. The fruit does not appear to open at all but simply shrivels up and waits for some animal to come along and eat it. Since animals do not make a clean job of eating, some of the seeds escape and start a new crop of plants. There seems to be no sweet or distinctive taste to the viscous mass in the fruits; but the odor of the maturing plants would undoubtedly be attractive to some animals. I never dreamed how long we would have to wait to learn all we have. One more matter will bear watching: will all the new 1950 plants come from seed, or will some of the abortive 1949 shoots carry on with the first rains of autumn? Since you are so wonderfully situated to make this ob- servation I hope you will be able to. It will complete a whole year’s watching. The belated autumn rains of 1949 did not revive the abortive shoots and no new growth was discernible before 1950. On Feb. 26, 1950, a specimen was collected which was entirely subter- ranean at that date. This material disclosed the origin of the aerial shoots on slender corraloid roots. ‘The small bud-like shoots were not much larger than the head of a pin and were a couple of inches below the level of the ground. ‘The numerous slender roots were very brittle and they branched to form a mesh- work in the sandy humus. Letter from Miss Boyd, Feb. 27, 1950: Yesterday we collected specimens of Pityopus. We thought it best to send these without disturbing the soil, so that you can determine the growth structure. Had we not covered these plants last May, I doubt if we could JULY, 1950] A YEAR WITH PITYOPUS 61 have found any at this date, as we had to remove about 2 inches of duff before the little white buds were visible. Knowing the usual depth of the roots, we dug under them carefully. This completes over a year’s observation by us, as we found the first plant in this locality in December, 1948. Diagnostic notes taken from fresh flowers on May 14 and 27, 1949, and from ripe fruit on Sept. 17, 1949: Entire plant dull ivory-white (except anthers and stigma), turning gray- ish-black when bruised or dried; sepals denticulate, glabrous inside and out, in one flower only 2, in another 4, in the latter 2 broad-based and 2 narrow- based alternating; petals 4, distinct or with bases united less than 0.5 mm., fimbriate-denticulate to base, glabrous outside, hairy inside, strongly saccate (almost spurred) at base, the sac filled by honey secreted by nipple-like honey-glands, the glands at the base of the ovary, 2 opposite each petal and on either side of the base of a filament; stamens 8, opposite petals and sepals (or if sepals are only 2, then between petals in interval where sepals are lacking), anthers purplish-red, broadly reniform, glabrous, dehiscing up- ward from the bottom of each lobe on the inner face, slits confluent above and anther explanate, filaments hairy, pollen white; ovary glabrous, 1I- celled, nearly filled by 6 or 8 fleshy parietal placentae, style hairy, especially above, stigma capitate, umbilicate, yellow; fruit ovate, about 1 cm. long (or only 3-4 mm. long in shriveled specimens), skin leathery and becoming wrinkled on drying, more or less enclosed or subtended by the marcescent sepals and petals; seeds light brown, somewhat shiny, finely foveolate, tur- gidly oblong or elliptic, about 0.2-0.25 mm. long. SUMMARY Pityopus californicus was discovered in 1948 by Miss Jean Boyd and Mrs. Marie L. Kelly at two localities in Mendocino County, California. One of these stations was near their home and they were able to watch the development of the plant for more than a year. Besides obtaining detailed data on the habitat of the plant, they discovered that the flowers have a pleasant perfume and that the maturing plants have a disagreeable odor. The fruit, which matured after the middle of summer, was found to be baccate (as in Pleuricospora), with ripe seeds em- bedded in a viscous mass that was derived from the disintegra- tion of the fleshy placentae. New plants about the size of a pin head were found in late winter attached to slender brittle much- branched corolloid roots. 62 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 3 WHENCE SEDUM PINETORUM BRANDEGEEF? BY REID MORAN University of California, Berkeley Sedum pinetorum was described by T. S. Brandegee (1916) from specimens said to have been collected by Katharine Bran- degee at deserted Pine City above Mammoth, Mono County, California, in July, 1913. The type specimen is in the herbarium of the University of California at Berkeley. Although several botanists have since sought this plant at the type locality, ap- parently it has never been re-collected there or elsewhere. Sedum pinetorum has tiny rosettes arising from tuberous roots. The solitary flower, with slightly united petals, is borne on a nearly leafless terminal stem less than two inches high. Thus in several respects S. pinetorum differs from the various better- known species of Sedum in California. Jepson (1925) erected for it the genus Congdonzia, overlooking the prior use of this name by Mueller of Aargau for a genus of Rubiaceae. Berger (1930) placed S. pinetorum in his section Lenophyllop- sis of Sedum, and Fréderstrém (1936) placed it in his group Minimum of Sedum. It was thus associated by both Berger and Fréderstr6m with S$. minimum Rose, S. delicatum Rose, and S. compactum Rose, three montane Mexican species. Two of these have tuberous roots; all of them are few-flowered, the flowers of S. compactum being sometimes solitary; and in S. compactum the petals are slightly united at the base. It appears likely that the relationships of S. pinetorum are indeed with these species. The region of the type locality of Sedum pinetorum is easily accessible and is fairly well known botanically. The absence of any further records of the species therefore seems surprising. The question arises whether the type specimen really came from Pine City or whether there was some confusion of the data as to its origin. Among the soil and debris with the type specimen of Sedum pinetorum, Edward Lee noted several extraneous fragments of plant material. One of these is a leaf fragment which, as sug- gested by Mr. John T. Howell, recalls the leaves of Coldenia. Another of them is a fruit which was recognized by Dr. A. C. JULY, 1950] WHENCE SEDUM PINETORUM? 63 Smith as belonging to Clethra. It is not, of course, known whether these fragments were collected with the specimen or whether they somehow became associated with it in the her- barium. The leaf fragment appears quite similar to leaves of Coldenia Nuttallii Hook. This species is found on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada and might occur in the vicinity of Pine City. If the leaf fragment really is of this species, then the easiest as- sumption is that the Sedum did come from Pine City and that the Clethra fruit accidentally became associated with it in the herbarium. In the opinion of Dr. I. M. Johnston, however, the leaf fragment is not sufficiently distinctive to be definitely iden- tified with this species of Coldenia. No Clethra is known from California, and the fruit closely resembles those of certain Mexican species. Therefore, if the Clethra fruit was collected with the Sedum, it is probable that the Sedum was Mexican in origin. There remains the possibility, however, that the fruit became associated with the Sedum specimen in the herbarium. An ex- amination of all fruiting Clethra material in the University of California Herbarium revealed one specimen of C. ?/anata Mart. & Gal. from which this fruit could have come. This was collected at an unspecified Mexican locality by Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Lem- mon in 1905. This specimen was identified as Clethra by T. S. Brandegee, and it was accessioned within a year after the Sedum specimen. It therefore seems possible that Brandegee may have worked on the two specimens during the same period and that the Clethra fruit may have become mixed with the Sedum ma- terial at that time. At present no conclusion seems possible as to the origin of the type specimen of Sedum pinetorum. Until the plant is redis- covered, however, its occurrence in California can be considered doubtful. REFERENCES Bercer, A. 1930. Crassulaceae, in Engler and Prantl, Die Natiirlichen Pflan- zenfamilien, ed. 2, 18a:352-485. BranpeceE, T. S. 1916. Species novae vel minus cognitae. U. C. Publ. Bot. 6:357-361. FrRODERSTROM, H. 1936. The Genus Sedum L. Pt. 4. Acta Hort. Goth. 10, appendix. Jerson, W. L. 1925. Manual of the Flowering Plants of California. Berkeley. 64 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 3 THREE NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW FORM IN BROMUS BY H. KEITH WAGNON University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The following three species and form of Bromus are being proposed as the result of an intensive study of the North Amer- ican species of the section Bromopsis. I wish to acknowledge appreciation to Dr. Rogers McVaugh, Curator of the Phanero- gams, Herbarium, University of Michigan, for his helpful assist- ance and criticism of this work. I am also indebted to the cura- tors of the following herbaria for the loan of material necessary for the study: University of Arizona (ARIZ); I. W. Clokey Her- barium, University of California, Berkeley (CLUC); Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University (DS); Missouri Botanical Gar- den (MO); University of Michigan (MICH); Michigan State College (MSC); New York Botanical Garden (NY); University of Nebraska (NEB); University of California, Berkeley (UC); Grass Herbarium of the Agronomy Division, University of California, Davis (UC-D); Vegetation Type Map Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley (UC-V); University of Mexico (UM); Ore- gon State College (OSC); Pomona College, Claremont, Califor- nia (POM); University of Texas (TEX); United States National Herbarium (US); University of Washington (WTU); Herbari- um of Dr. Alan A. Beetle, Laramie, Wyoming (AB). The abbre- viations for herbaria proposed by Lanjouw (1939) are followed in so far as they are applicable. Bromus pseudolaevipes Wagnon, spec. nov. sect. Bromopsidis; perennis; B. laevipedis similis, sed differt foliis pilosis, saepe marginibus exceptis glabris vel totis glabris, inferioribus plerumque auriculatis; ligula usque ad 1 mm. longa; glumis pubescentibus. Chromosomae 2n = 14. Perennial; culms 60-120 cm. tall, erect or spreading; nodes 4-6, retrorsely puberulent to pubescent; internodes puberulent to pubescent just below the nodes; leaves with sheaths glabrous to pilose, blades 8-25 (-35) cm. long, and 3-7.5 (-10) mm. wide, pilose, frequently only on the margins, or glabrous; auricles, at least on the lower leaves, rarely absent; ligule 1 mm. or less Jong, fringed or erose-lacerate, obtuse to truncate, glabrous; panicle 9-15 (—20) cm. long, erect to nodding, open with branches ascending to spreading, the axis puberulent to pubescent, the branches mostly 2 to each node, occa- sionally with prominent pulvini at their bases; spikelets 1.5-3.5 cm. long, JULY, 1950] NEW SPECIES IN BROMUS 65 with 410 florets; glumes pubescent, rarely entirely glabrous, the first 4-6 mm. long, 3-nerved, subulate or with an acute to obtuse tip, the second 6.5-8 mm. long, (3- or) 5-nerved, with an acute to obtuse tip; lemmas 10-12 mm. long, pubescent over the back, sometimes only on the margins, (5- or) 7- nerved with an acute to obtuse tip bearing an awn (2—) 3-5 mm. long below an entire, or rarely, slightly emarginate apex; palea slightly shorter than the lemma, ciliate on the nerves, hispidulous to pubescent between the nerves; ovarian appendage with posterior lobe obtuse, occasionally with a slight median thickening; anthesis through May and early June; anthers 3.5-5° (5.5) mm. long, partially to completely exserted at anthesis; caryopsis 6-9 mm. long, elliptic-oblanceolate, amber-colored, adhering to the lemma and palea; modal length of guard cells 39-52 microns; modal diameter of pollen grains 35-38 microns; chromosome number 2n = 14. DisrriBuTION: California, in the coast range from San Francisco Bay south to San Diego Co. and Santa Cruz and Santa Catalina islands, eastward into Fresno, Kern, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties, from near sea level to 800 m. elevation. Type, in the Herbarium of the University of Michigan, H. K. Wagnon 1507, June 2, 1948; grown in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden, Uni- versity of Michigan, from seed reproduced at the University of California, Berkeley; originally collected by G. L. Stebbins, Jr., (No. 2862) along the Ridge Route west of Castaic, Los Angeles Co., California. Specimens examined, all from California. Alameda Co., Bolander 2 (NY), Bolander 1542 (MO,NY), Howell 19412 (UC-D); Fresno Co., Short 144 (UC); Kern Co., Short 193 (UC); Los Angeles Co., Santa Catalina Island, Fosberg $4501 (CLUC.MO,UC,WTU), Abrams 1704 (DS,NY,US), Hoffmann, June 6, 1930 (OSC), Tracy 156 (US), Santa Catalina Island, Brandegee 62 (UC); Monterey Co., Beetle 4360 (UC-D), Davy 7730 (UC), Abrams 5637 (DS), Dudley, June 26, 1905 (DS); Riverside Co., Banning, Davidson (US); San Benito Co., Abrams & Borthwick 7812 (DS,POM), Dudley, June 1, 1899 (DS), Epling 8392 (MO), Stebbins 2792 (UC-D); San Bernardino Co., Johnston 1298 (US); San Diego Co., Vasey, in 1880 (US 1008060); San Luis Obispo Co., Hoover 6148 (AB,UC), Hoover 7170, 7197 (AB), Hoover 7237 (AB,US), Fer- ris 9784 (MICH,WTU, DS, the specimen of the Dudley Herbarium is mixed, containing some B. laevipes), Lee 1023 (UC,UC-V), Davy 7598 (US); Santa Barbara Co., Santa Cruz Island, Brandegee 70 (UC), Santa Cruz Island, Hoff- mann, June 29, 1930 (US), Hitchcock 10463, 2581 (US), Hoffmann, June 2, 1930 (OSC); Santa Clara Co., Hitchcock 2635 (US), Rutter 1 (US), Dudley, April 23, 1899 (DS); Santa Cruz Co., Leeds, June 5, 1888 (MO); Ventura Co., Stebbins 2867 (UC), Pollard, June 4, 1946 (MO). The chromosome count was made from the type collection. This species has been included with B. laevipes to which it seems closely related. Bromus dolichocarpus Wagnon, spec. nov. sect. Bromopsidis; perennis; glumae subulatae longissimae (gluma prima 9-12 mm. longa, 1-nervis, raro 3-nervis, gluma secunda 10-17 mm. longa, 3-nervis); lemma 14-20 mm. 66 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 3 longum, apice integrum; arista 6-13 mm. longa, paulum sub apice inserta; caryopsis 10-15 mm. longus; folia, inferiora saltem, plerumque auriculata. Chromosomae 2n = 28. ‘Perennial; culms 60-155 cm. tall, ereot to spreading or geniculate; nodes 3-7, puberulent-pubescent, rarely glabrous; internodes glabrous; sheaths pubescent to sparsely pilose, those on upper culm often nearly glabrous; blades 10-43 cm. long, 4-13 cm. wide, usually pilose on upper surface, glab- rous and scabrous on the lower; auricles usually present at least on the lower leaves; ligule 1.5 mm. or less, glabrous, truncate to obtuse; panicle exserted, open, nodding, (8—) 14~30 cm. long, the axis glabrous to puberulent; branches mostly in 2’s or 3’s, ascending, capillary, sometimes with prominent pulvini at their bases; spikelets 2-3 cm. long, 3-6 florets; glumes glabrous or pubes- cent to sparsely pilose, subulate, the first 9-12 mm. long, 1- or (3-) nerved, the second 10-17 mm. long, 3-nerved; lemmas rounded on the back, 14-20 mm. long, subulate, sparsely pubescent to glabrous over the back, pilose to hirsute on the margins, 3- or 5-nerved, bearing an awn 6-13 mm. long below an entire apex; palea usually shorter than the lemma, ciliate on the nerves and pubescent between the nerves; anthesis in September; anthers 2~3 mm. long; caryopsis lanceolate-oblanceolate, 10-15 mm. long, amber colored, ad- hering to the palea and lemma; modal length of the guard cells (38) 45-59 microns; modal diameter of the pollen grains 42 microns (based upon a single specimen); chromosome number 2n = 28. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, in the states of Jalisco, Michoacan, México, Hidalgo, Morelos, and Puebla, from 1900 to 3100 m. elevation. Type, in the Herbarium of the University of Michigan, Rogers McVaugh 9887, March 18, 1949; collected in fir forests about 10 miles northwest of C. Hidalgo, Michoacan, México. Specimens examined, all from Mexico. Hwatco: El Chico, Lyonnet 262 (US). JALIsco: road from Zapatlan to Mt. Nevada, Hitchcock 7151 (US). MExico: district of Temascaltepec, Hinton et al. 2459 (NY,US), Hinton 8395 (NY,TEX). Micuoacan: vicinity of Morelia, Cerro Azul, Arséne 3273 (MO). MorELos: Valle del Tepeite, Lyonnet & Elcoro 1811 (US). The following specimens are included doubtfully since guard cell measurements indicate that they may be diploids: Mt. Popocatepetl, México, Hitchcock 5985 (US); Mt. Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Rose & Hay 5733 (US). The chromosome count was obtained from seedlings grown from seed collected with the type. Material of this species has been determined as B. ciliatus L. and B. exaltatus Bernh. It is readily distinguished from B. ciliatus by its auricles and long awns. Bernhardi’s description (1841) of B. exaltatus gives no in- dication that he had this particular plant in mind. There is in fact, some doubt as to whether his grass was actually a Bromus as the 4-nerved condition of the first glume (“gluma inferiore 4 nervia”) is an abnormal condition in Bromus. All species of Bromus that I have examined show an odd number of nerves on JULY, 1950] NEW SPECIES IN BROMUS 67 the glumes such as 1, 3, 5, and 7. Shear (1901) failed in having the type located in the Bernhardi Herbarium now deposited at the Missouri Botanical Garden. I am indebted to Dr. G. B. van Schaack who repeated the search and was also unable to locate the type specimen. In view of the above, the application of the name is uncertain and it should be regarded as a nomen dubium. Bromus mucroglumis Wagnon, spec. nov. sect. Bromopsidis; perennis; B. Richardsonii similis sed nodis pubescentibus, foliis supra pilosis, foliorum faucibus lanatis pilosisve, glumis piloso-pubescentibus, raro glabris, gluma secunda semper mucronata, palea inter nervos puberula usque ad pilosa. Chromosomae 2n = 28. Perennial; culms 50-135 cm. tall, erect or spreading; nodes 5—7, retrorsely pilose- sparsely pubescent; internodes glabrous; radical leaves pubescent to pilose; culm leaves with pubescent or occasionally glabrous sheathes; blades 20-30 cm. long and (4—) 7-11 mm. wide, upper surface pilose, the lower sur- face glabrous to pilose, lax; auricles absent; throat lanate to pilose; ligule 12 mm. long, obtuse to truncate, glabrous; panicle 12—20 cm. long, nodding, open with ascending-spreading branches, the axis glabrous and smooth or scabrous; branches in 2’s or 3’s occasionally with pulvini at their bases; spikelets terete before anthesis, 2-2.8 cm. long with 5-10 florets; glumes pubescent-pilose, rarely glabrous, the first 6-8 mm. long, l-nerved, subulate, the second 8-8.5 mm. long, 3-nerved, subulate or with an acute tip, mucro- nate; lemmas rounded on the back, 10-11 mm. long, sparsely pubescent to pilose on the margins and across the back, or occasionally only on the lower half, 7-nerved, tip acute to obtuse, bearing an awn 3-5 mm. long below an entire apex; palea slightly shorter than the lemma, ciliate on the nerves, puberulent to pilose between the nerves; anthesis during late August; ovarian appendage with posterior lobe slightly notched to obtuse, occasionally with a slight median thickening; anthers 1.5-2 (3.4) mm. long; caryopsis 6~9 mm. long, lanceolate-oblanceolate, amber-colored or purple-black, adhering to the lemma and palea; modal length of guard cells 42-52 microns; modal diameter of pollen grains 40-42 microns; chromosome number 2n = 28. DisTRIBUTION: southwestern New Mexico and middle Arizona southward into the states of Chihuahua, Sonora, and the southern part of Baja Cali- fornia, Mexico, from 1,500 to 2,900 m. elevation. Type, in the Herbarium of the University of Michigan, H. K. Wagnon 1520, July 28, 1948; grown in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden, Uni- versity of Michigan, from seed reproduced by the Soil Conservation Service (A-5712), Albuquerque, New Mexico, and originally collected by Goodding, Locke, & Johnson at South Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co., Ari- zona. Specimens examined. ArIzoNA: Cochise Co., Darrow, Gould, Phillips & Pultz 1416 (ARIZ,UC-D), Gould & Haskell 3323 (ARIZ), Mearns 2164 (DS), Jones 24703 (MO,NY,POM,TEX,UC), Barkley 144653 (TEX), Eggleston 10850 (US); Coconino Co., Knowlton 140 (US); Graham Co., Thornber & Shreve 8052 (ARIZ); Pima Co., Gilman 45 (ARIZ,NY), the specimen from 68 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 3 the N. Y. Bot. Gard. is mixed, containing B. frondosus); Santa Cruz Co., Griffiths 7262 (US), Oct. 4, 1939 (UC-D), Gould 2601 (ARIZ). New Mexico: Dona Ana Co., Wooton & Standley, Sept. 23, 1906 (US); Grant Co., Wooton, July 11, 1900 (US). Mexico. Baja CALIForNIA: La Chuparosa (loc.?) Bran- degee 73 (US), La Laguna, Sierra de Laguna, east of Todos Santos, Distrito del Sur, Carter 2341 (US). CuiHuAHnuA: Soldier Canyon, Sierra Madre Mts., Jones, Sept. 16, 1903 (POM), Canyon de St. Diego, Hartman 802 (UC), Ma- jalca, northwest of Chihuahua, Pennell 19299 (US), Santa Clara Canyon, LeSueur 092 (MO,US). Chromosome counts were taken from the type, and from plants grown from seed reproduced at the University of Califor- nia, Berkeley, originally from the collection of Carter 2341, La Laguna, Sierra de Laguna, east of Todos Santos, Distrito del Sur, Baja California, Mexico. This species shows considerable variation, some of which may be attributed to the fact that throughout its range, it seems to be confined to “population islands” on isolated mountains. However, most of the variation is apparently in the direction of B. Richardsonii, thus suggesting introgression with this species. Perhaps there is also some intro- gression with B. lanatipes. The following collections are repre- sentative of these supposed intermediates and may arbitrarily be assigned to either B. Richardsonii or B. mucroglumis. ARI- ZONA: Cochise Co., Goodding 316 (ARIZ), Cassidy & Taylor, Aug. 5, 1933 (ARIZ), Blumer 1368 (ARIZ,NEB,NY), Mearns 2579 (US); Coconino Co., Leiberg 5795 (US); Pima Co., Carter, Sept. 17, 1937 (ARIZ), Benson 9777 (ARIZ), Livingston & Thornber (ARIZ,UC-D), Thornber 7672 (ARIZ), Bryan 113 (ARIZ), Benson 9711 (ARIZ). NEw Mexico: Colfax Co., Stand- ley 144421 (US). Mexico. Baya Cavirornia: La Encatanda, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Wiggins & Demaree 4960 (CLUG,NY, US), banks of La Sanca Creek, ca. 5 miles northwest of La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Wiggins & Demaree 4873 (UC, US). CutHuanua: Sanchez, Hitchcock 7708 (US). Bromus lanatipes forma glaber Wagnon, f. nov., a forma typica vaginis glabris differt. This form differs from the species in having glabrous rather than lanate culm sheaths; the distribution is the same as the species. Type, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, 4. 4. & E. Gertrude Heller 3835, July 12, 1897; collected in the Santa Fe Canyon, 9 miles east of Santa Fe, Santa Fe Co., New Mexico. Specimens examined. ArIzoNA: Coconino Co., Hitchcock, Amer. Gr. Nat. JULY, 1950] MARIN FLORA POSTSCRIPTS 69 Herb. 887 (MO). CoLorapo: Clear Creek Co., Patterson 264 (MICH,MO,MSC; NY = B. lanatipes), Patterson 140 (US); El Paso Co., Hitchcock 1776 (US); Ouray Co., Underwood & Selby 18 (NY). New Mexico: Colfax Co., Standley, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 881 (NY,UC-D,US), Eggleston 18990 (NY); Grant Co., Mulford 24 (MO.NY), Wolf 2604 (DS); McKinley Co., Salmon 46 (UM); Otero Co., Hitchcock, Amer. Gr. Nat. Herb. 886 (NY), Humphrey 45 (US); Socorro Co., Eggleston 17002 (NY); Taos Co., Heller 3586 (NY,POM). TEXAS: Culber- son Co., Grassi 130 (MICH). LITERATURE CITED BERNHARDT, J. J. 1841. Linnaea 15: Litt. 90. Lanjouw, J. 1939. On the Standardization of Herbarium Abbreviations. Chron. Bot. 5(2,3):142-150. SHear, C. L. 1901. Notes on Fournier’s Mexican Species and Varieties of Bromus. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28:242-246. MARIN FLORA POSTSCRIPTS BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Perusal of Marin Flora has disclosed a number of minor typo- graphical and other errors but these slips, undesirable though they are, are relatively unimportant when compared to the wrong name I give for our weedy Pelargonium. On page 180, the plant is called “P. grossulariaefolium Ait.”, whereas it should have been P. grossularioides (L.) Ait. A generally ac- cepted synonym of P. grossularioides is P. grossulariaefolium Salisb., but that name has not been used for our plant for many decades. shthda ate In the introductory discussion of local endemics in Marin Country (Marin Flora, p. 27), I neglected to include two in Ceanothus: C. Masonii McMinn, which is restricted to Bolinas Ridge in the “Mount Tamalpais Franciscan Area,” and C. glor- iosus Howell var. porrectus Howell, which is found only in the Bishop pine forest on Inverness Ridge of ‘Point Reyes Penin- sula.’’ The addition of these raises the total of Marin County en- demics to 11] species, 9 varieties, and 1 form. ‘v7 T A botanist, who proposes as many new plant names as E. L. Greene did, has to be resourceful, particularly in a large genus, in order to avoid repetition of epithets he or other botanists 70 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __[VOL. VI, NO. 3 may have already used. As examples of his nomenclatorial in- genuity, we find Greene naming a lupine from Fresno County, Lupinus fraxinetorum, i.e., lupine of the ash trees, the Spanish word fresno being ash in English or fraxinus in Latin; and from the Santa Ynez Mts. he described Ertogonum agninum, deriving the name from agnus, Latin for lamb, but rendered also as the well-known proper names, Agnes in English and Ynez in Span- ish. However, when he described the attractive summer-bloom- ing Eriogonum from the Tiburon Peninsula as E. vimineum var. caninum, I was unable to follow him and confessed my dilemma in Marin Flora (p. 122): “Greene gives no reason for the unusual varietal epithet; the connection between the plant and a dog must have been to him something personal or fanciful.” Now a very plausible explanation for the name caninum is suggested by H. Dwight Ripley who has written me as follows: “Greene must have named E. vimineum var. caninum after Tiburon, which as you know means ‘shark’ in Spanish. In Latin, canis has a subsidiary meaning of ‘sea-dog’. Also, in modern Italian ‘shark’ is pescecane or ‘dog-fish’. I think this solves the mystery fairly satisfactorily.” sate fall A new weed is to be added to the already extensive intro- duced flora of Marin County, Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. This Old World mustard, commonly known as Indian mustard, may be distinguished from the five species of Brassica already re- ported from the county by its broad (to 5 mm.) angled pods that are carried on long spreading-ascending pedicels. ‘The pods are distinctly flattened contrary to the partition, a character that has not been accounted for in descriptions I have seen of the species. The Marin plant grows as a sidewalk weed in Blithedale Canyon, Mill Valley (Howell 26619). A Correction. Having lately received, through the generosity of Dr. Ivan M. Johnston, a copy of the twelfth volume of the Russian Flora, devoted to Astragalus, I find that my A. plum- beus (Leafl. West. Bot. 5:195,—1949) is antedated by A. plumbeus (Nevski) Gontsch. (Fl. U.S.S.R. 12:868,—1946). The species de- scribed from the mountains above Leadville, Colorado, may take the name Astragalus molybdenus, nom. nov. —R. C. BARNEBY JULY, 1950] A NEW VARIETY IN ERIOGONUM 71 A NEW VARIETY IN ERIOGONUM ROTUNDIFOLIUM BY GEORGE J. GOODMAN University of Oklahoma, Norman In typical Eriogonum rotundifolium (E. rotundifolium Benth var. typicum nom. nov., based on E. rotundifolium Benth., DC. Prod. 14:21. 1856), the outer perianth-segments are transversely elliptic, being at least twice as wide as long, and at least as long as the inner segments. Two collections have come to my attention with narrower outer perianth-segments, com- monly about as wide as long, sometimes but half as wide, and slightly shorter than the inner segments. The shape varies from oblong to broadly obovate. Flowers of this type may be mature and fertile. The variety is here named Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth. var. angustius Goodman, var. nov., seg- mentis exterioribus perigonii late obovatis vel oblongis, fere circa et longi- tudine et latitudine aequalibus, nonnumquam autem angustioribus dimidio. Type: Barton H. Warnock 46979, frequent along highway to Casa Piedra, 20 miles south of Marfa, Presidio County, Texas, limestone soil, elev. 4000 ft., Nov. 17, 1946. (Bebb Herbarium, University of Oklahoma.) Cotype: Warnock 46988, frequent along highway to Pecos, 20 miles northwest of Fort Stockton, Pecos County, Texas, lime- stone soil, elev. 3500 ft., Nov. 27, 1946. (Bebb Herb.) These two collections come from near the east edge of the range of the species. ‘Thanks are hereby expressed to Dr. Tharp of the University of Texas for the loan of herbarium material. A New ComBINaATION IN ERIGERON. Erigeron compactus Blake var. consimilis (Cronq.) Blake, comb. nov. E. consimilis Cron- quist, Brittonia 6:186 (1947). This variety differs from typical E. compactus in its somewhat larger heads and involucre, the phyl- laries with more or less spreading instead of appressed hairs. The type of E. consimilis was collected 15 miles north of Ganado, Apache County, Arizona (Peebles & Smith 13467).—S. F. BLAKE, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Maryland. 72 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 3 AN EARLIER PUBLICATION OF POLYPOGON SEMIVERTICILLATUS. In 1948, when Robert F. Hoover submitted for publication his transfer of Agrostis semiverticillata Forsk. to Polypogon, he asked me, because of his “‘isolation from herbaria and literature, ... tomake sure that the Agrostis has never before been referred to Polypogon.” Since I did not find his combination in the in- dices and catalogues, Hoover’s article was published (Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 138, 1948). Only a few weeks later, I discovered an earlier publication of P. semiverticillatus, this by Hylander in 1945 in his important paper, Nomenklatorische und Systematische Studien tiber Nord- ische Gefadsspflanzen (Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift 1945: 7, pp. 1-337). Hylander made his transfer on page 74.—JOHN ~- THomas HowELt. IMPATIENS ROYLEI WALP. IN OREGON. On July 8 and 9, 1947, the writer collected material of this species on wet banks along the Columbia River between Svensen and Westport, Clatsop Co. Only a few plants were found. It is a strikingly beautiful species, often 2 m. in height, with very stout stem, deep red above, long, partly verticillate, sharply serrate leaves, and in these specimens nearly white flowers. It is a native of the Hima- laya Mts., but has been reported from a few localities in North America, doubtless escaped from cultivation. Another colony was discovered along Sunset Highway near the bridge over the Necanicum River in southern Clatsop Co. The specimens here were numerous and well scattered and the flowers rose-color.— Morton E. Peck, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon. CAREX SHELDONII IN THE SIERRA Nevapa. On June 28, 1949, Peter Raven collected the very rare Carex Sheldonit Mkze. in a wet grassy place under Pinus ponderosa at Baxters, Placer County, his No. 959. This is the first-known collection from the Sierra Nevada and the second to be recorded from California. Heretofore the species has been known in California only from the Warner Mts., Modoc Co. (cf. Erythea 8: 86). Beyond Cali- fornia, it is found in Oregon, Idaho, and Utah, but in no place does it appear to be common.—John Thomas Howell. Vol. VI No. 4 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS PAGE Lesquerella Collected by H. D. Ripley and R.C. Barneby . 73 BASSETT MAGUIRE Variations in Eriogonum spergulinum . . . . . . 75 Joxun THomaAs HowELi Plant Records from Curry County, Oregon . . . . . 82 WILLIAM H. BAKER Studies in California Aplopappus . . . . . . . 84 Joun THomas Howe. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Ocroser 30, 1950 NEW BOTA! GAF LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. Owned and published by Joun THomas HOWELL OCT., 1950] LESQUERELLA COLLECTED 73 LESQUERELLA COLLECTED BY H. D. RIPLEY AND R. C. BARNEBY BY BASSETT MAGUIRE New York Botanical Garden Mr. H. D. Ripley and Mr. R. C. Barneby have been so good as to permit me to review a large set of critically collected Lesque- rella made by them over the past few years. No series of plants secured by these discriminating field botanists can fail to con- tain noteworthy collections. It is a pleasure, therefore, to make record! of the following. In a recent paper Rollins * has discussed relationship among those species (exclusive of Texas and Mexican species) of Les- querella in which the replum is at right angles to the broader axis of the silique, viz. L. Wardii Wats., L. hemiphysaria Ma- guire, and two new species, L. carinata Rollins and L. Paysonii Rollins. Dr. Rollins contrasts these species with the L. occiden- talis group in which the pod is compressed parallel with the replum, and argues that “This difference is fundamental and reflects major modification in orientation of the flower parts.” However that may be, there are other species which must be associated with the group in which the pod is contrarily broad- ened or flattened; perhaps all of the wtahensis group, where the pod shape is somewhat variable, and most certainly with L. Kingii (to be discussed in another paper) in which the pods may be not only so broadened, but as in L. hemiphysaria may be obcordate, or even subdidymous. And now, still another species has been found by Ripley and Barneby, which must fit into this alliance. It would stand next to L. utahensis, but is readily recognized by its more dense, cinereous pubescence, smaller leaves, and smaller obovate pods that are somewhat broadened contrary to the replum. It gives me pleasure to name the new species after one of its two keen collectors. Lesquerella Barnebyi Maguire, spec. nov. Herbae perennes dense stellato- cinereo-pubescentes; caulibus procumbentibus vel adscendentibus simplici- bus, 5-12 cm. longis; foliis radicalibus 2.5-3.5 cm. longis, spatulatis, laminis 1Further collections of these series are cited in, Botany of the Intermountain Region II. Bassett Maguire & A. H. Holmgren, in press. *Rollins, R. C. Contr. Gray Herb. 171: 42-53 (1950). Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 73-88, Oct. 30, 1950. 74 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 4 5-10 mm. longis, anguste vel late ellipticis, ovatis vel rhomboideis vel sub- rotundatis, petiolis angustis, 1.5-2.5 cm. longis; foliis caulinis spatulatis vel oblanceolatis, petiolatis, 6-10 mm. longis, indumentis dense stellatis, tricho- matibus 0.30.5 mm. diametro; inflorescentiis brevi-racemosis, maturis 1-2 cm. longis; sepalis sigmoideis 3-6 mm. longis; petalis non visis; siliculis 2.5-3.5 mm. longis, 3.5—-5 mm. latis, obovatis, fere obcompressis, apicibus rotundatis vel subtruncatis, basibus subrotundatis vel saepe acutis, nonstipi- tatis; stylis 2-3 mm. longis; replo obovato vel obiculari; ovulis fere 4-6; seminibus fere 4, 1.5 mm. longis. Type: gulches in clay hills, north of Pioche, Lincoln Co., Ne- vada, 5,600 ft. alt., June 18, 1944, H. D. Ripley & R. C. Barneby No. 6350 (New York Botanical Garden). Cotype: calcareous gravel flats among junipers, Egan Range, 14 miles northwest of Ely, White Pine County, Nevada, alt. 7,000 ft., June 20, 1948, Ripley & Barneby No. 9280. LESQUERELLA PAysoNnil Rollins, Contr. Gray Herb. 171: 44 (1950). Silique strongly flattened contrary to the replum. Lime- stone gravelly flats, Turpin Meadows east of Moran, 6,500 ft. alt., Teton County, Wyoming, June 29, 1947, Ripley & Barneby No. 8901; exposed ridges on broken limestone, 9,000 ft., Teton Pass, Teton County, Ripley & Barneby No. 8897. It is desirable to add the above records to those listed for the recently published L. Paysoniz. The writer must acknowledge his own delinquency in failing in his obligation to the inde- fatigable collectors, Ripley and Barneby. The specimens were long in my hands. A description of a new entity to be based on the first cited specimen was drawn up commemorating one of its discoverers. ‘The little manuscript, long delayed in transmit- tal, and even now in the hands of the editor, must be recalled, and the present writing substituted for the former one. LESQUERELLA OVALIFOLIA Rydb. in Britton & Brown, Il. FI. 2: 137 (1897). Steep sandy banks north of Pueblo, Pueblo County, Colorado, alt. 4,900 ft., May 31, 1946, Ripley & Barneby No. 7641. Seldom collected, in Colorado known best from the vicinity of Pueblo. LESQUERELLA PROSTRATA A. Nels., Bull. Torrey Club 26: 124 (1899). Slopes of White shale bluffs, 6 miles west of Kemmerer, Lincoln County, Wyoming, alt. 7,000 ft., June 10, 1946, Ripley & Barneby No. 7879; limestone gravel ridge, Wind River Moun- tains, 5 miles east of Atlantic City, Fremont County, Wyoming, Lyi OCT., 1950] VARIATIONS IN ERIOGONUM 75 alt. 8,200 feet, June 30, 1947, Ripley & Barneby No. 8931. Pay- son? lists only two collections of L. prostrata. The above collections add considerably to our understanding of the species. While belonging to the L. utahensis complex, as Payson says (1.c.), the relationship seems more closely to lie with L. Paysonii. LESQUERELLA PRUINOSA Greene, Pittonia 4: 307 (1901). Siliques sometimes quite truncate. Thin pine forests, Pagosa Springs, Archuleata County, Colorado, alt. 7,150 ft., May 28, 1946, Rip- ley & Barneby No. 7587, topotype. Known only from the type locality. LESQUERELLA SUBUMBELLATA Rollins, Am. Jour. Bot. 26: 420 (1939). White shale benches, 4 miles southwest of Duchesne, Duchesne County, Utah, alt. 5,900 ft., June 15, 1947, Ripley & Barneby No. 8703; white shale hilltops, 17 miles northwest of Rangely, Rio Blanco County, Colorado, alt. 5,500 ft., June 16, 1947, Ripley & Barneby No. 8740. Previously reported only from Uintah County, Utah. VARIATIONS IN ERIOGONUM SPERGULINUM BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL For more than a decade, in the course of field work in the Sierra Nevada of California, I have been aware of what appear to be small- and large-flowered variants in Erigonum spergu- linum Gray. During the summer of 1949, I became acquainted with E. pratense Stokes where it grows in the high southern Sierra in Tulare and Inyo counties. Since the latter plant is obviously related to E. spergulinum, I concluded to study this small Sierran complex in order to evaluate the several entities which seemed to be present. Although this study has been made in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences (CAS), I am grateful for the privilege of examining specimens from the Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University (DS); Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (G); Idaho State College (IS); Pomona College (P); University of California (UC); United States National Herbarium (US); and Willamette Univer- sity (W). ®Payson, E. B. A Monograph of the Genus Lesquerella. Ann. Mo. Bot. 8: 221 (1921). 76 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 4 Eriogonum spergulinum and E. pratense are annuals belong- ing to the subgenus Ganysma and they may be distinguished from other members of that group by the small 4-lobed invo- lucres and by the foliar development of the lower primary cauline leaves. Eriogonum spergulinum has also been referred to the genus Oxytheca Nutt., and it was in connection with a reconsideration of its generic position that the species has been most recently studied (G. J. Goodman, Amer. Midl. Nat. 39: 498,-1948). ERIOGONUM SPERGULINUM. Although Goodman (ibid., p. 500) states that “this species is notable for its remarkable uniform- ity,” small- and large-flowered variants are rather well marked in both field and herbarium. In the small-flowered plant, the perianth is usually about 2 mm. long, though it may vary from 1.5 to nearly 2.5 mm. In the larger-flowered form, the perianth is usually 2.5 to 3 mm. long, but occasionally it may be only 2 mm. long and flowers of one specimen measured 4 mm. Cor- related with these differences in size of flowers are differences in the size and shape of anthers and, in less degree, of achenes. In the smaller flowers, the anthers vary from broadly elliptic to broader than long and are only 0.2—0.33 mm. long, while the obovoid achene is usually about 1.5 mm. long. In the larger flowers, the anthers are oblong or elliptic and 0.33-0.5 mm. long, while the nearly circular achene is about 2 mm. in diam- eter. Among 77 collections of E. spergulinum in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, 55 may be referred to the small-flowered and 22 to the large-flowered variant. These two kinds of plants also have distinctive distributional patterns. The large-flowered type is restricted to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada from Tulare County north to Eldorado County at elevations from 5000 to 8000 feet, or rarely even to 10,000 feet. The small-flowered plant has a much more ex- tended range. From the Mt. Pinos region of Ventura and Kern counties it extends northward along both slopes of the Sierra in California and Nevada to the southern part of the Cascade Range in northern California and Oregon. Beyond this gen- eral range, outlying stations are to be noted from the North Coast Ranges of California, from southeastern Oregon, and southwestern Idaho. The small-flowered plants have been col- OCT., 1950] VARIATIONS IN ERIOGONUM 77 lected at elevations between 4300 feet and 10,900 feet, generally from 6000 to 8000 feet. Within the range of the large-flowered form on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada from Eldorado County to Tulare County, the small-flowered type is not so frequently collected as the large-flowered type. In this region the approximate ratio of collections appears to be two small-flowered plants to three large-flowered plants. The type-collection of E. spergulinum, made by Bolander on the “bank of Big Creek below [Mariposa] Big Tree Grove,” belongs to the large-flowered form. The plants with smaller flowers have also been named, but since the variations de- scribed above have gone unnoticed for the most part, no at- tempt has ever been made to apply the name, Oxytheca Red- dingiana Jones. The type of Jones’ species was collected “near the snow-sheds at Soda Springs, near Summit, Cal., July, 1882,” in a district where only the small-flowered plants are found, though Jones’ original description, “flowers 1” long,” leaves no doubt of the sort of plant he had. From the time of E. L. Greene (Fl. Franciscana, p. 153), Oxytheca Reddingiana has been rele- gated to synonymy, so the appropriate transfer of the epithet to Eriogonum will be attended to below. The question arises as to what taxonomic status should be accorded these two types of plants. With the distinctive flower and fruit variations correlated with different geographic ranges, each might be recognized as a species. I believe, however, that the morphologic differences, being chiefly matters of size and not entirely disjunct, do not call for specific separation, and that the small-flowered plant should be treated as a variety of E. spergulinum. ERIOGONUM PRATENSE. Although Miss Stokes recognized that this plant “is closely related to E. spergulinum Gray,” she pointed out that it differs in important details of habit and of vestiture. In E. pratense the internodes of the flowering branches are much shortened so that the flowers are close together and not so diffusely arranged as in E. spergulinum. Moreover, short proliferous flowering branches frequently arise from nearly all the leaf-axils, and produce an especially noticeable effect about the basal rosette of leaves. The stems are usually hirsutulous- pubescent except for the uppermost branchlets, and, though 78 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 4 the lower internodes tend to be slightly viscidulous, the capitate glands which are so conspicuous on the internodes of E. spergu- linum are lacking. The perianth is about 2 mm. long, thus cor- responding to the smaller-flowered variant in E. spergulinum, but, whereas the outside of the perianth-segments of that spe- cies is minutely pubescent or subglabrous, in E. pratense the perianth is finely but conspicuously hirsutulous. No distinctive differences have been detected in the other flower parts or fruits. Miss Stokes originally described the involucres as glandular; they are either glabrous or sparsely hisutulous, but not glandu- lar. In the higher part of the southern Sierra Nevada in Inyo and Tulare counties between 8800 and 11,300 feet, E. pratense is a very common and attractive plant, spreading a lace-like fila- gree over open sandy flats and slopes that are a distinctive fea- ture between the subalpine forests and meadows in that region. In spite of its distinctive characters, E. pratense can scarcely be maintained as a species since in all its characters it inter- grades with E. spergulinum. In Tulare County, two collections have been seen which combine the characters of the two kinds of plants: Hall & Babcock No. 5320 (DS, UC) from Volcano (z. e., Golden Trout) Creek and Dudley No. 2500a (DS, UC) from Whitney Creek. In the former, the plants are more like ~ E. spergulinum but the internodes are both glandular and gla- brous, and the perianths are both subglabrous and hirsutulous. In the latter, the glands of E. spergulinum are present on plants otherwise like E. pratense. A third collection from Tulare County, Coville & Funston No. 1622 (DS) from Whitney Mead- ows, is quite like E. pratense except that the perianths are some- times glabrous. In Mono County, on slopes and flats covered with pumice, other intergrades have been noted: Howell No. 14504 (CAS) from near Crestview and Lorraine in 1938 (DS) from the Mono Craters. These have the hirsutulous perianths of E. pratense as well as a habit somewhat reminiscent of that plant, but both have the cauline glands of E. spergulinum. Since the two entities intergrade so completely, it seems best to accept E. pratense as a variety. KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF ERIOGONUM SPERGULINUM A.Internodes generally without capitate glands; perianths more or less IRUTS HIER OMS r.creceleyoine yet; clots fole anette ae yaeie ciclo tei pict: Ic. var. pratense OCT., 1950] VARIATIONS IN ERIOGONUM 79 A. Internodes generally with capitate glands; perianths generally subglabrous OF sparsely PUbEsCENe 2.066 rece v sees s crassa nsenseveeconsvacasee B B. Perianths generally 2.5-3.5 mm. long; anthers oblong or elliptic, 0.33-0.5 MN IDE avis ess Ae en's deals Cay davies ok Oma any xi ale la. var. typicum B. Perianths generally 1.5—2.5 mm. long; anthers broadly elliptic or roundish, 9 THIN OMG oe iiss ee th salah Carseat dhewe lb. var. Reddingianum la. E. spergulinum var. typicum J. T. Howell, nom. nov. E. spergulinum Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 389 (1868). Oxytheca spergulina (Gray) Greene, Fl. Francis. 153 (1891). Representative collections, all from the Sierra Nevada, California. South Fork of American River, 5500 ft., Eldorado Co., Belshaw 2G40; Camp Baxter near Dorrington, 5500 ft., Calaveras Co., Jussel in 1930; Strawberry, 5240 ft., Tuolumne Co., Quick in 1943; Gin Flat, 7000 ft., Mariposa Co., Howell 20701; near top of Chilnualna Falls, Mariposa Co., Howell 197; bank of Big Creek below Big Tree Grove, Mariposa Co., Bolander 5003 (G type; CAS, UC,US); General Grant National Park, Fresno Co., Winblad in 1935; Hunt- ington Lake, 7000 ft., Fresno Co., Pollard in 1943; Kings River Canyon, 5000 ft., Fresno Co., Howell 15603; Generals Highway, near Stony Creek Camp Ground, Tulare Co., Quick 45-80; Mineral King, 7800 ft., Tulare Co., Howell 17145, Winblad in 1936; Sky Valley, 10,000 ft., Tulare Co., Culbertson 4570. lb. E. spergulinum var. Reddingianum (Jones) J. T. Howell, comb. nov. Oxytheca Reddingiana Jones, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 9: 32 (1882). Representative collections. InAHo: Brundage Mt., 7000 ft., Valley Co., Davis 2935 (IS); Landmark, Valley Co., Davis 2725 (CAS,IS); Cape Horn, Stanley, Custer Co., Christ 11329 (UC); Trinity Lake region, 8000 ft., Elmore Co., Macbride 709 (DS,G,US). OreGON: Davis Lake, 4500 ft., Deschutes Co., Hitchcock & Martin 4956 (UC,US); Sand Creek, Klamath Co., Jones 28856, Munz 14423; Fish Lake, Steen Mts., Harney Co., Train 23 (US); Drakes Mt., Lake Co., Peck 19537 (W). Nevapa: Slide Mt., 7500 ft., Washoe Co., Howell 14239; Spooner, 7100 ft., Douglas Co., C. F. Baker 1136; Mt. Grant, 9000 ft., Mineral Co., Train 4209 (UC). The collection cited by Goodman, l.c., from Ormsby Co. probably belongs here. CALIFORNIA: between Big Flat and Caribou Gulch, Salmon River Canyon, Siskiyou Co., Howell 13561A; Government Flat, 6000 ft., Tehama Co., M. S. Baker 9833; Black Butte, Glenn Co., Howell 19135; Snow Mt., Lake Co., Brandegee in 1892 (UC); Mill Creek Meadows, Warner Mts., Modoc Co., Applegate 8104 (DS); near Lost Lake, 8000 ft., Warner Mts., Lassen Co., Howell 12123; south of Milford, 6100 ft., Lassen Co., Ripley & Barneby 5705; Prattville, 4300 ft., Plumas Co., Heller & Kennedy 8801; on road from Chil- cott, Plumas Co., Eastwood 14888; Jonesville, 5600 ft., Butte Co., Copeland in 1931; Gold Lake, 6400 ft., Sierra Co., L. 8. Rose 34317 (DS); Boreal Ridge near Norden, Nevada Co., Howell 18378; Donner Lake, Nevada Co., Heller 6905; Soda Springs, 7000 ft., Nevada Co., Jones 2408 (P, type; US); Chambers Lodge, Lake Tahoe, 6250 ft., Placer Co., L. S. Rose 41290; between Fallen Leaf Lake and Lake Tahoe, Eldorado Co., Howell 1358; Corral Springs, 7500 ft., Amador Co., Hansen 703 (DS); Baker Station, Middle Fork Stanislaus 80 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 4 River, 6200 ft., Alpine Co., Eastwood & Howell 7485; Camp Baxter near Dorrington, Calaveras Co., Jussel in 1930; ‘Tuolumne Meadows, 8600 ft., Tuolumne Co., Howell 20050; Buck Camp Trail between Chilnualna Creek and Johnson Lake, Mariposa Co., Howell 543; near Garnet Lake, 9700 ft., Madera Co., Howell 16729; ridge northwest of San Joaquin Mt., 10,500 ft., Madera Co., Howell 16606; Huntington Lake, 7000 ft., Fresno Co., Pollard in 1943; Sonora Junction, 7200 ft., Mono Co., Ripley & Barneby 5809; near Crestview, Mono Co., Howell 14497, 25273; Convict Lake, 7600 ft., Mono Co., L. S. Rose 35345; Ruby Falls, Rock Creek Lake Basin, 10,900 ft., Inyo Co., Peirson 9434; Big Pine Lakes Trail, 9200 ft., Inyo Co., Howell 24146; Rock Creek, 9600 ft., Tulare Co., Howell 25573; between Moraine Lake and Sky Parlor Meadow, 9300 ft., Tulare Co., Howell 17502; Hockett Meadow, 8500 ft., Tulare Co., Culbertson 4443; Mt. Pinos, 8200 ft., Kern Co., Hall 6657 (UC); Mt. Pinos, 8500 ft., Ventura Co., Hall 6659 (UC); Griffins, Ventura Co., Elmer 3979. Ic. E. spergulinum var. pratense (Stokes) J. T. Howell, comb. nov. E. pratense Stokes, Leafl. West. Bot. 3: 201 (1943). Collections examined, all from the Sierra Nevada, California. Inyo County: Cottonwood Creek, 10,200 ft. (Cottonwood Lakes, 11,000 ft., according to data on specimen), Alexander & Kellogg 3357, type-collection; Little Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft., Howell No. 25428, 10,000 ft., Howell 26258. TULARE COUNTY: Siberian Pass Creek, 11,000 ft., Howell 25738; Whitney Meadows, 9800 ft., Coville & Funston 1622 (DS); Howell 25762; Golden Trout Creek at Tunnel, 8900 ft., Howell 259374; Ramshaw Meadows, 8800 ft., Howell 25951; Army Pass Creek, 11,300 ft., Howell 26163. ADDENDUM: Notes ON My 1950 CoLLecTIONs OF ERIOGONUM SPERGULINUM In July, 1950, Dr. P. A. Munz and I botanized in the region traversed by the South Fork of the Kern River between Mo- nache and Templeton meadows (8,000 to 8,500 feet altitude) and climbed Olancha Peak (9,000 to 12,135 feet). In this area in the southern Sierra Nevada where the interrelation between Eriogo- num spergulinum var. Reddingianum and var. pratense had seemed especially critical, I was able to make field observations and collections which have confirmed my earlier conclusions as set forth above. Out of the eight collections of E. spergulinum which I made, five are mixtures of var. Reddingianum and var. pratense or contain plants intermediate in character. ‘Thus among the in- dividual plants in these collections, some are typical of Red- dingianum, some of pratense; others have the habit of pratense but the glandular internodes of Reddingianum, or vice versa; some have the pubescent perianth of pratense, others the sub- glabrous perianth of Reddingianum. These five collections, all OCT., 1950] VARIATIONS IN ERIOGONUM 81 from Tulare County except the first, are: head of Summit Creek east of Olancha Pass, 9,300 ft., Inyo Co., No. 26749; Templeton Meadows, 8,500 ft., No. 27018; pass north of Hessian Meadows, west of Olancha Peak, 9,000 ft., No. 27114; Olancha Peak, 10,700 ft., No. 27180; South Fork of Monache Creek, 9,800 ft., No. 27298. A sixth collection is also intermediate in character but in this the plants combine the characters of var. typicum and var. pra- tense, the only example I have noticed of this kind of intergra- dation. All the plants have the habit and the large perianths of var. typicum but the internodes of most of the plants are eglan- dulose as in var. pratense. This collection was made in Bake- oven Meadows on the South Fork of the Kern River at 8,100 ft., Tulare Co., No. 26776. The two remaining collections, also from Tulare County, are nearly or quite typical and “‘pure” for the varieties represented: No. 27172 from 9,600 ft. on Olancha Peak seems to consist only of plants referable to var. Reddingianum; No. 27072 from the north end of Monache Meadows at 8,000 ft. is nearly typical of E. spergulinum. One plant of the latter set, however, has some- what smaller flowers, showing a tendency towards var. Red- dingianum. These studies on my 1950 collections confirm the conclusions set forth above and further indicate that the entities involved in this complex should not be regarded specific. Notwithstanding the abundant intergradation where two of these entities occur together, particularly in the southern Sierra Nevada, it seems entirely proper to recognize them as named varieties. A PLant New To Ca.irornia. The herbarium of Oberlin College contains specimens of Gayoides crispum (L.) Small (Abutilon crispum Sweet) from Mountain Springs Grade, south- western Colorado Desert, San Diego County (Mary F. Spencer No. 440, in 1916). This plant is common in southwestern Ari- zona (doubtless also in Sonora) and has been collected at several localities in Baja California but, so far as the writer knows, has not been reported hitherto as occurring in California.—T. H. KEARNEY. 82 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 4 PLANT RECORDS FROM CURRY COUNTY, OREGON BY WILLIAM H. BAKER University of Idaho, Moscow During the seasons of 1946, 1947, and 1948, considerable col- lections of plants were made in the vicinity of Agness, Curry County, Oregon. Until recent years the only means of reaching this area was by boat from Gold Beach at the mouth of the Rogue River. Agness is situated 35 miles up the river at the con- fluence of the Illinois River and the Rogue River. A road has now been constructed over the Coquille-Roque River Divide from Powers, Coos County, to Agness, a distance of about 28 miles. It is not surprising that this relatively inaccessible region would yield a number of interesting plant records for Oregon. All of the numbers cited are the author’s own collections. Dupli- cates are deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Idaho and in other herbaria as indicated. BrIzA MAXIMA L. A good-sized colony grows at Oak Flat on a grassy slope above the Illinois River, 4 miles south of Agness. It is a European species sometimes cultivated in gardens. Appar- ently the first report of its natural occurrence in Oregon. Re- corded by John Thomas Howell (2) as becoming widespread and locally common in Marin County, California. CYPERUS RIVULARIS Kunth. Growing in moist ground along the shores of the Rogue River at Cherry Flat (W. A. Cochran place), 4 miles north of Agness, No. 5648 (OSC, CAS). Associated with C. aristatus, C. erythrorrhizos, and C. strigosus. It is re- corded by Abrams (1) as growing on wet soil; Sisson, California; Michigan to Kansas, Ontario, Maine and North Carolina. Iden- tified by John Thomas Howell. It has not been previously col- lected in Oregon. SAXIFRAGA Howe Lit Greene. Wet hillside in oak woodland, along the Rogue River south of Illahe, No. 5201 (OSC, CAS, UC). The first record of this species in the Rogue River Canyon of Curry County. The type locality is the “headwaters of the Coquille River.” Peck (5) records it as growing on moist rocky banks along the Umpqua River and its tributaries. He reports that it is very common around Roseburg. Rimo Bacigalupi (per- sonal correspondence) regards the plant as quite rare and is glad OCT., 1950] PLANT RECORDS FROM OREGON 83 to have evidence that it still exists, It is apparently distributed locally within the region outlined above. SAXIFRAGA PARVIFOLIA Greene. Moist banks along Lone Tree Creek, open ground, No. 5212 (OSC). According to Rimo Baci- galupi (personal correspondence) this plant is to be found near Grants Pass, the type locality. The collection of S. parvifolia west of Illahe in Curry County, is therefore a fairly significant extension of range for the species. SANICULA LACINIATA H. & A. Collected in the Rogue Canyon, open hillside overlooking the mouth of Two Mile Creek on the Rogue River, No. 5426; open moist hillside along the Rogue River, south of Ilahe, No. 5195 (OSC, W, UW, CAS, UC). Iden- tified by Lincoln Constance. A fairly common species in the lower Rogue River Canyon in the vicinity of Agness and near the mouth of the Illinois River. This species is not listed in “The Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon’’ by Morton E. Peck. Thomas J. Howell (3) records it as growing from California to the Willamette Valley. The author has not seen it growing in the Willamette Valley. The plant apparently has a very local distribution in Oregon. Recorded by Jepson (4) on slopes of the Coast hills from Humboldt County to Monterey County, var. serpentina Jepson replaces it from Monterey to Marin County in California. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS VISCOSISSIMA Peck. Collected on the dry south slope of Iron Mountain, elevation 3,700 feet, No. 5454 (W). Identified by Morton E. Peck. The first collection of this spe- cies since the type. It is also the first collection in flower, the type being in fruiting condition, Peck No. 8974, from dry rocky summit of Bald Mountain, 5 miles east of the mouth of Euchre Creek, Curry County. Bald Mountain is approximately 12 miles due west of Iron Mountain and is situated in the same range. An interesting species with very dense foliage and small pink flowers. A wider distribution of this rare shrub is to be ex- pected as the region is explored more intensively. SYNTHYRIS RENIFORMIS Benth. var. CoRDATA Gray. A fairly large number of collections of this variety have been made in the area. Along the edge of Lone Tree Creek, moist banks, about 1 mile south of Illahe, No. 5204 (OSC, UC, UW, W, CAS, ND); Iron Mountain, summit and along the north slope in open coni- ferous woods, No. 5289; Rogue River Canyon, growing along 84 LFAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 4 Billy’s Creek, north of Ilahe, No. 3560; woods at the mouth of Two Mile Creek, 5 miles north of Agness, No. 3535. There is considerable difference in appearance between this plant and typical S$. reniformis. The former has unusually long leaves, in many instances nearly twice as long as wide. The flowers are often larger and more showy and a deeper blue. It ranges from northern California to Josephine, Curry, and Douglas counties in Oregon. The plant has not been previously collected in the Rogue River Mountains, and it is not listed in any flora cover- ing the state of Oregon. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. ABRAMS, LeRoy. An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Vol. I. Stanford Univ. Press. 1923. 2. HOWELL, JOHN THOMAS. Marin Flora, Manual of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Marin County, California. Univ. of California Press. 1949. 3. HowELL, THomas J. A Flora of Northwest America. Author. 1897-1903. 4. Jepson, W. L. A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California. Associated Students Store, Berkeley. 1923-1925. 5. Peck, Morton E. A Manual of the Higher Plants of Oregon. Binfords and Mort. 1941. STUDIES IN CALIFORNIA APLOPAPPUS BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Aplopappus (§ HaAzarp1A) Whitneyi Gray var. discoideus J. T. Howell, var. nov. A var. typica differt: capitulis eradiatis; achaeniis ad 10 mm. longis, costis maioribus saepe pluribus. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 360968, Shackleford Creek Trail south of Sky High Valley, Marble Mts., Siskiyou Co., el. 6,500 ft., Howell No. 15236, collected Aug. 9, 1939. Other collections in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., all from the Klamath Area of the Coast Ranges and all from California except the first: open crest of Bolan Ridge, Siskiyou Mts., Josephine Co., Oregon, Thompson No. 12488; Condrey Mt., Siskiyou Co., L. C. Wheeler No. 3045; Mt. Eddy, Siskiyou Co., Eastwood No. 2053; Orleans Mt., 4,000—6,000 ft., Humboldt Co., Pollard in 1943, 1944, 1946; Plaskett Meadows, Glenn Co., Howell No. 19151; Black Butte, Glenn Co., Howell No. 19121. Also on Snow Mt., Lake Co., acc. Hall in Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 389, p. 257. Commonly a rayless variant of a radiate species in the Com- positae is to be accorded no more than a formal rating, if it re- ceives nomenclatural recognition at all, but in the present in- stance phytogeographic considerations have led me to treat the plant as a variety. Whereas the typical radiate form of the spe- cies is found only in the Sierra Nevada (where it occurs the full length of the range from Plumas County southward to Tulare OCT., 1950] STUDIES IN CALIFORNIA APLOPAPPUS 85 County), var. discoideus is restricted so far as is known to the Klamath Area of the Coast Ranges (where it is nearly coexten- sive with the region so designated). Because of the important biological and geological differences between the two regions concerned, it has seemed entirely proper to accord varietal value to an otherwise formal character and to recognize for each of these major regions an endemic variety. In the diagnosis, the larger size of the achenes with their more numerous large ribs is noted as an additional character of the Klamath variety. Because most of the collections studied have only immature fruit, the character of the achenes should not receive undue emphasis in evaluating the variety but should be regarded critically as further fruiting collections become available. Aplopappus (§ MacroneMA) Bloomeri Gray var. ophitidis J. T. Howell, var. nov. Frutex paulum glutinosus humilis ramis patentibus usque ad $3 dm. altus; foliis linearibus, 5-15 mm. longis, 0.5-1.25 mm. latis, tortuosis et falcatis; capitulis solitariis vel paucis laxe cymosis in terminalibus ramulis, discoideis, 5- vel 6-floris; involucris ad anthesin anguste turbinatis, 12-14 mm. longis, 8-10 mm. latis, phyllaribus imbricatis, 5- vel 6-serialibus, ex- terioribus foliaceis, interioribus chartaceis praeter apicem viridem herba- ceum, apice abrupte angustatis in appendicem tenuem caudatam squarrosam vel recurvam, ciliatis margine; corallis 1 cm. longis, lobis circa 1.5 mm. longis; ramis styli 3 mm. longis, appendicibus sterilibus 2 mm. longis. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 360966, collected from serpentine on the summit of Mt. Tedoc, el. about 5,000 ft., northwestern Tehama Co., July 21, 1949, by Freed W. Hoffman. The shortened leaves, the 1-headed branchlets, and the eradi- ate 5- or 6-flowered heads would seem to mark var. ophitidis as the most reduced expression of A. Bloomeri yet to be known, and the plant might readily have been interpreted as specifically distinct if it were not for certain other variants which seem to ally it too closely to the A. Bloomeri complex. These variants, which also occur in the higher North Coast Ranges of Califor- nia, have been described in considerable detail by Hall in his monograph of Aplopappus as minor variations numbers 6 and 7 (Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 389, p. 201). These plants are also characterized by short leaves and reduced inflorescences, but both have radiate heads with disk-flowers about 15 or more. The sterile serpentine of Mt. Tedoc summit may well have been the critical factor in the environment which has selected the re- 86 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 4 markably reduced form of the short-leaved Coast Range plants that is found there. Aplopappus (§ Pyrrocoma) racemosus (Nutt.) Torr. var. praticola J. T. Howell, var. nov. Herba perennis pratensis caulibus usque ad 3 dm. longis, late patentibus basi, plus minusve tomentosis glabrescentibus; foliis rigenti- bus, chartaceis, subintegris vel plerumque spinuloso-serratis, tenuiter villosis; capitulis racemosis solitariis brevipedunculatis maiusculis, involucris 13-15 mm. longis, obconoideis vel campanulatis cuneatis plerumque basi, phyllari- bus bene imbricatis circa 5-seriatis villosis et dense ciliatis, apice cuspidatis; floribus disci circa 8 mm. longis; ramis styli 3 mm. longis, appendicibus sterilibus 2 mm. longis; achaeniis immaturis pubescentibus. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 360967, from mountain meadow at sum- mit of road north of Carrville, Scott Mts., el. about 5,400 ft., Trinity Co., collected on Aug. 24, 1936, Howell No. 12752. This plant with its unusually large heads could be related to A. integrifolius Gray as the species of sect. Pyrrocoma are keyed out by Hall in his monograph (Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 389, p. 43, 44), but all other characters including im- portant considerations of geographic distribution relate our plant to A. racemosus (Nutt.) Torr. In that complex species our plant is to be grouped with those variants of non-alkaline soil which inhabit forests and montane meadows and is most closely related to A. racemosus var. congestus (Greene) Peck. Both are plants of the Klamath biological province, but whereas var. congestus is known chiefly from southwestern Oregon and adja- cent California in Del Norte Co., var. praticola is known only from the Scott Mts., a range in the eastern part of the Klamath Area. From var. congestus, var. praticola can be distinguished by its stiff, chartaceous, and spinulose-margined leaves, simple racemes, larger involucres with villous, cuspidate bracts, and larger flowers. Several of these characters are shared by two other related varieties, var. duriusculus (Greene) Peck and var. pinetorum (Keck) Howell,* but both of these have strictly erect stems, whereas var. praticola has the lower part of the stems widely decumbent-spreading. Aplopappus (§ Tonrstus) Peirsonii (Keck) J. T. Howell, stat. nov. Aplopappus eximius Hall subsp. Peirsonii Keck, Madrofio 5: 169 (1940), as Haplopappus. I first became acquainted with this plant in July, 1946, when ~ *A, racemosus (Nutt.) Torr. var. pinetorum (Keck) J. T. Howell, stat. nov. A. racemosus subsp. pinetorum Keck, Madrono 5: 166 (1940), as Haplopappus. A second collection of this striking plant from the vicinity of the type-locality may be recorded as follows: north side of Scott Mts. on the road from Carrville to Callaghan, Sis- kiyou County, July 31, 1939, Howell No. 14858. OCT., 1950] STUDIES IN CALIFORNIA APLOPAPPUS 87 I found it at three stations in Inyo and Fresno counties while on the Sierra Club Base Camp outing. Later, in August of the same year, I found A. eximius Hall among the summit rocks of Mt. Tallac, Eldorado County, where I had gone in search of topotypes of Carex tahoensis Smiley. With the more robust habit and the larger heads of the Peirson plant fresh in my mind, I was impressed with the distinctness of that plant when compared to the more slender specimens and smaller heads of its Tahoe relative. Again at the 1947 Sierra Club Base Camp I found the Peirson plant; and on the 1950 Base Camp outing the plant was collected several times and material for a genetic analysis of the plant was obtained by Prof. G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr., who was a member of the outing. Dr. Stebbins’ study of the two discloses their genetic distinct- ness, as he has written me: “I have established the chromosome number of A. eximius as 2n = 18, and found that material of A. Peirsonii from above Lake Sabrina had 2n = 90, though I could not be really sure. This is good evidence of specific distinctness to a cytologist but would have to be supplemented by morpho- logical differences before it would be accepted by most bot- anists.”’ A detailed examination of the two plants reveals a few small qualitative differences but in all parts there are marked quan- titative differences, A. Peirsonii being larger and coarser than A. eximius. Some of the size differences are confluent but most are separated by larger or smaller amounts. These differences (which are summarized in the following diagnoses), together with the geographic separation of the two plants, would seem to indi- cate that we are concerned with two distinct but closely related species. A. ExIMIus. Caudex slender, to 0.5 cm. in diameter, producing thin elon- gate rootstocks; stems to 1.3 dm. tall; leaves to 5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, frequently prominently serrate-lobed or even divided; heads 1-1.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad; outer phyllaries oblong or oblong-oblanceolate to obovate, subobtuse or mucronate; disk-flowers 6-7 mm. long; appendage of style- branches slender, equaling the stigmatic part or shorter; achenes 3.5-4 mm. long, pappus-bristles 6-7 mm. long, fine, merely scabrous or barbellulate; chromosomes 2n = 18. A. Prmrsoni. Caudex thick, to 1.5 cm. in diameter, branching but rarely producing elongate rootstocks; stems to 2 dm. tall; leaves to 8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, serrate to shallowly serrate-lobed; heads 1.5-2 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad; outer phyllaries oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate; 88 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 4 disk-flowers 8-10 mm. long; appendage of style-branches coarse, equaling the stigmatic part or usually longer; achenes 5 mm. long, pappus-bristles 8-10 mm. long, coarse, prominently barbellate; chromosomes 2n= ca. 90. In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. are the following collections of A. Peirsonii not cited by Keck (cf. Madrono 5: 169): Sam Mack Lake, Big Pine Lakes, 12,000 ft., Howell 23972; Fifth Lake, Big Pine Lakes, 11,000 ft., Howell 23737; Thunder and Lightning Lake, Baker Lakes, 11,700 ft., Howell 23989; south end of Lake Sabrina, 9,600 ft., Steb- bins & Raven 315; trail above Lake Sabrina, 9,600 ft., Stebbins & Raven 67; peak west of Dingleberry Lake, Middle Fork of Bishop Creek, 11,100 ft., Stebbins & Raven 95, Bracelin 2951; near Blue Lake, Bishop Creek 10,100 ft., Stebbins & Raven 277; ridge north of Mt. Powell, 12,000 ft., Stebbins & Raven 125; Baboon Lake, Bishop Creek, Michael in 1950; Bishop Pass, Rown- tree in 1936; Rock Creek Lake Basin, 11,000 ft., C. W. Sharsmith 2998; between Ruby Lake and Mosquito Flat, Rock Creek, 11,000 ft., Howell 22807; Long Lake, Rock Creek, 10,600 ft., Howell 22814; unglaciated ridge south of Mono Rock, Mono Creek, ca. 11,500 ft., Fresno Co., Howell 22591. These collections, together with those cited by Keck (l.c.), would seem to establish 4. Peirsonii as a restricted endemic be- tween Sawmill Pass on the south and Mono Creek on the north. All of these collections are from the east side of the Sierra Ne- vada in Inyo County except the last one cited above, which comes from Fresno County just west of the crest. I am particularly indebted to Dr. Stebbins for permission to publish his genetic data on A. eximius and A. Petrsonii at this time. JUNCUS CAPITATUS IN CALIFORNIA. This Old World rush, re- cently treated as merely a waif in the Sacramento Valley by Her- mann (Leafl. West. Bot. 5:111,—1948), has now been found in the Coast Ranges in Santa Cruz County and should certainly be recognized as an established California immigrant. The new station for the plant is on Graham Hill between Felton and Santa Cruz at an elevation of about 500 ft. where it was found by Vesta Hesse, No. 612, May 16, 1950. It belongs to the group of annuals related to J. triformis, but from all other members of that group it can be separated by the elongate, leaf-like bract which exceeds the usually several-flowered head.—_JoHN THOMAS HOWELL. Vol. VI LEAFLETS of BOTAN! No. 5 WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS Pugillus Astragalorum XIII: the Varieties of A. tegetarius Wats. (Kentrophyta Nutt.) . R. C. BARNEBY Cryptantha circumscissa in the Sierra Nevada . JouHNn THomMas HowELL The Status of Encelia angustifolia and E. albescens S. F. BLAKE Notes on Some Sierran Sedges Joun THOMAS HOWELL New Names in Oxytropis . R. C. BARNEBY Notes on Two California Weeds . CLIFTON F. SMITH SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA January 31, 1951 PAGE 89 102 105 107 111 112 GARD LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bot. Owned and published by Joun THomMaAs HOWELL JANUARY, 1951] ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS 89 PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM XIII: THE VARIETIES OF A. TEGETARIUS WATS. (KENTROPHYTA NUTT.) BY R. C. BARNEBY Wappingers Falls, New York The group of North American Astragali immediately related to A. tegetarius Wats. has been interpreted in past times from two extreme points of view. Rydberg revived for them the Nut- tallian genus Kentrophyta, and eventually came to recognize ten species therein; whereas Jones, in his summary Revision, ac- cepted but a single polymorphic A. montanus, comprising six varieties. For different reasons neither of these arrangements is satisfactory. Astragalus montanus of Jones is a later homonym, and his trinomials are therefore illegitimate. The resuscitation of Kentrophyta as a genus is also to be regretted, for it is ulti- mately separable from Astragalus merely by the form and attach- ment of the leaflets, which are mucronate or spinulose, and con- fluent with the rachis. When Nuttall described the genus, the two known species occupied an isolated position with regard to Astragalus, but this is no longer the case. In fact the similarity in habit, stipule, flower, and legume which exists between the more flaccid states of A. tegetarius and the matted, high-mon- tane phase of A. vexilliflexus of central Idaho (cf. Hitchcock & Muhlick 10857, from White Cloud Range, Custer County, NY) can be taken only as evidence of a direct and close relationship. No floral nor carpological peculiarity has ever been claimed for Kentrophyta, and apparently none exists. In his revision of Kentrophyta (Bull. Torr. Club 51: 20, sequ.,—1924) Rydberg stated that the units involved were “all very closely related, and some botanists are inclined to regard them as a single species.”” The extreme forms, nevertheless, are strikingly divergent, and I have attempted in the past to main- tain two principal divisions, a montane and alpine A. tegetarius, with usually purple flower, basifixed pubescence and 5-8-ovu- late legume, and A. Kentrophyta of middle and lower eleva- tions, with whitish petals, at least partially dolabriform vesture, and 2—4-ovulate legume. Unhappily the flower-color and num- ber of ovules are not constant attributes of either group as de- Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol VI, pp. 89-112, Jan. 31, 1951. 90 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 limited by the hair-attachment. Even the form of the hairs loses much of its importance when the gradual transition from a strictly basal to a malpighian attachment is observed. In some plants belonging to the lowland group the lower arm of the hairs is obscure; or the same leaflet may bear a mixture, variously proportioned, of basifixed and dolabriform trichomes. With the collapse of the pubescence-character, there is no alternative but to accept Jones’s arrangement of the kentrophytas as segments of a polymorphic whole. Since the oldest specific names, A. Kentro- phyta Gray, A. viridis (Nutt.) Sheld., and A. montanus (Nutt.) Jones, are all for one reason or another invalid, the eight vari- eties, two of which are newly described, are here subordinated to the earliest available and fortunately familiar A. tegetarius Wats. While preparing these notes, I have been privileged to bor- row the extensive collections at the New York Botanical Garden (NY) and the California Academy of Sciences (CAS). I am most grateful to Dr. Bassett Maguire, and to Miss Alice Eastwood and Mr. J. T. Howell, for their generosity in this matter, which has enabled me to make a more leisurely and perhaps more thor- ough study than would otherwise have been possible. Material in the herbarium of H. D. Ripley and the writer is cited below as: (RB). ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS Wats., sensu lato Pulvinate, matted, diffuse, or bushy-branched perennials, often woody at base; stipules connate opposite the petiole, at least at the lower nodes, the uppermost sometimes nearly free, or with long free blades; leaflets 3-9, linear-elliptic or linear-oblanceolate, conduplicate or with elevated mar- gins, confluent with the rachis, the strong median nerve running out as a mucro or spinule at apex; flowers small, the banner 4—7.5 mm. long, borne in few-flowered racemes commonly much shorter than the subtending leaf; calyx ebracteolate, the obconic-campanulate tube ruptured in age, the teeth variable in length; petals graduated; keel obtuse; pod ovoid-ellipsoid to ovoid-acuminate, 3-10 mm. long, laterally compressed when young but becoming turgid in age, the papery valves dehiscent from apex along both sutures, not inflexed; ovules 2-8; seeds 1-3, large for the size of the pod, 1.8-3 mm. long. KEY TO THE VARIETIES 1. Hairs of the herbage all basifixed; blade of the banner broadly obovate, obcordate or suborbicular; ovules 5-8, rarely (in Utah) as few as 3; petals commonly purplish; montane and subalpine, Colo., Utah, Calif., Ore., Mont. JANUARY, 1951] ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS 91 2. Mature leaves with 5-9 leaflets; widespread......... a. var. tegetarius 2. Mature leaves with 3 leaflets (but a few of the lower often 5-foliolate); SletrartINevaday Gallia ce cratic rte tics. barnes anes ae b. var. danaus 1. Hairs, at least some of them, dolabriform, the lower arm sometimes short and obscure; blade of the banner oblanceolate to narrowly obovate; ovules 2-4; flowers commonly whitish; plains, dunes, canyons, and badlands, Sask., Wash., Nev., New Mex. 3. Pod ovoid-lenticular, beakless or nearly so. 4. Stipules dimorphic, the lowest connate into a sheath, the upper prolonged into lanceolate or spinulose-acuminate free blades; calyx-teeth 1.5-3 mm. long; Ore. to Neb. northward. 5. Leaflets linear-elliptic, widest at the middle, equally strigose- canescent on both faces; Wyo. to se. Ore..c. var. Jessiae 5. Leaflets linear-oblanceolate, widest above the middle, glab- rous above; se. Wyo. to Neb., northward.d. var. viridis 4.Stipules homomorphic or nearly so, all sheathing; calyx-teeth about 1 mm. long; n. New Mex. ......e€. var. neomexicanus 3. Pod ovoid-acuminate or lance-acuminate, gently incurved to a well- defined beak. 6. Plants prostrate, densely matted; e. to centr. Nev. .......... ain l nr tialeete lata ats aciiv ope ape Apia aisiaia es me f. var. ungulatus 6. Plants erect or diffusely branched, with several developed inter- nodes, not matted; e. Nev., w. Colo., n. Ariz., and appar- ently near the bend of the Columbia on the Ore.-Wash. FR ahacaiass syria eo nie egal ieng eran B 5a ala eke g. var. elatus a. Var. TEGETARIUS Astragalus tegetarius Wats., Bot. King Exped. 76, Pl. XIII, fig. 7-10 (where pod-section incorrectly shows only 2 ovules) (1871). Homalobus tegetarius (Wats.) Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 31: 563 (1904), nomen. Kentrophyta tege- taria (Wats.) Rydb., op. cit. 34: 421 (1907), nomen; op. cit. 51: 21 (1924); N. Amer. Fl. 24: 255 (1929). Astragalus montanus (Nutt.) Jones var. tegetarius (Wats.) Jones, Rev. Astrag. 81, Pl. 5 (1923). A. tegetarius Wats. var. (?) implexus Canby ex Port. & Coult., Syn. Fl. Colo., Add. (1874). A. tegetarius Wats. var. rotundus Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 5: 650 (1895). A. Kentrophyta var. rotundus (Jones) Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 10: 63 (1902). A. montanus var. rotundus (Jones) Jones, Rev. Astrag. 80, PI. 5 (1923). Kentrophyta rotunda (Jones) Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 51: 23 (1924); N. Amer. Fl. 24: 255 (1929). A. aculeatus A. Nels., Bull. Torr. Club 26: 10 (1899). Kentrophyta aculeata (A. Nels.) Rydb., op. cit. 32: 655 (1905); op. cit. 51: 22 (1924); N. Amer. Fl. 24: 256 (1929), exclus. syn. Nutt. et Jeps. Homalobus Wolfii Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 31: 562 (1904). Kentrophyta Wolfii (Rydb.) Rydb., op. cit. 32: 665 (1905); op. cit. 51: 22 (1924); N. Amer. Fl. 24: 255 (1929). Kentrophyta minima Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 34: 420 (1907); N. Amer. Fl. 24: 255 (1929). se LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 Prostrate and densely matted, the internodes all shorter than the stipules, or the stems sometimes elongating, with internodes up to 18 mm. long; herbage thinly hirsutulous to silky or villous-canescent with incurved, ascending or twisted hairs, the leaflets sometimes glabrous above; stipules membranous or scarious, the lower 2-4 mm. long, connate nearly through- out, the upper 2.5-7 mm. long, connate about half their length, the free blades lanceolate or lance-acuminate, not rigid nor spinulose; leaves (2) 4-15 (20) mm. long, with (3) 5-9 linear-elliptic leaflets 1-9 mm. long, these com- monly crowded or subpalmate, rarely distant, the rachis (0.5) 1.5-4 (7) mm. long, the terminal spinule (0.2) 0.5-1 (1.5) mm. long, scarcely vulnerant; peduncles subobsolete to 1.5, rarely 3 cm. long; calyx 2-4 mm. long, the tube 1_2 mm.., the teeth 0.5-2 mm. long; petals bluish-purple, lilac, or the banner white, the keel then purple-spotted at apex; banner 4—7.5 mm. long, the blade broadly obcordate or suborbicular, 3-4.5 mm. broad; keel 3-5 mm. long; pod ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, compressed but becoming turgid in age, (3) 4-8 (9) mm. long, (1.6) 2-2.5 mm. in diameter, loosely strigose-canes- cent; ovules 5-8, rarely (in Utah) 4 or 3, only 1-3 maturing; seeds 1.8-3 mm. long. Type: East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; collected by Sereno Watson in 1868. Distribution: Dry rocky slopes above timberline, descending on gravel- slides and talus to barren knolls in forest and sagebrush zones, alt. 7600— 12,000 ft., on various soils but with marked preference for limestone, White Mts. of se. California to central Idaho and the Wallowa Mts. in ne. Oregon, w. Montana, s. Utah, and central Colorado. Exsiccata: OREGON. Wallowa Co.: Lostine Canyon, Peck 5647 (NY); Aneroid Lake, L. S. Rose 36620 (CAS). IpAHo. Box Elder Co.: Middle Fork of Dunn Canyon, Raft River Range, Maguire & Holmgren 22208 (NY). Blaine Co.: Boulder Creek, Sawtooth Mts., J. W. Thompson 14108 (NY). Clark Co.: Medicine Bow Creek, Christ & Ward 14910 (NY). Custer Co.: White Cloud Range, Hitchcock & Muhlick 10873 (CAS, NY); nw. of Mt. Borah, Hitchcock & Martin 5803 (NY, con- densed extreme). Lemhi Co.: Spring Canyon, se. of Gilmore, Hitchcock & Muhlick 9314a (NY). MontTAna. Beaverhead Co.: Black Lion Mt., Hitchcock & Muhlick 12926 (CAS, RB). Gallatin Co.: West Yellowstone, E. B. & L. B. Payson 1913 (CAS, NY). Madison Co.: Tobacco Root Mts., C. L. Hitchcock 17012 (RB). Meagher Co.: Rimrock Ridge, Little Belt Mts., Hitchcock & Muhlich 12237 (CAS, RB). Ravalli Co.: St. Mary’s Peak, Bitterroot Mts., Hitchcock & Muhlick 15305 (RB). Stillwater Co.: Haystack Mt., Hitchcock & Muhlick 13457 (CAS, RB). Wyominc. County unknown: Dome Lake, Big Horn Mts., A. Nelson 2445 (NY, isotype of A. aculeatus). Johnson Co.: Powder River Pass, L. O. & R. Williams 3137 (NY). Park Co.: w. of Bear Tooth Lake, C. L. Hitchcock 16678 (RB). Teton Co.: Twogwotee Pass, Ripley & Barneby 8906 (CAS, RB); Sheep Mt., Tweedy 256 (NY). Yellowstone Park: Lower Geyser Basin, Rydberg & Bessey 4488 (NY); ——, Tweedy 83 (NY, type of K. minima); Yellowstone Canyon, A. & R. Nelson 1079 (NY). CALiForNIA. Mono Co.: Crooked Creek, White Mts., Maguire & Holmgren 26141 (NY, RB). JANUARY, 1951] ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS 93 Nevapa. Elko Co.: East Humboldt Mts., Watson 286 (NY, isotype of A. tegetarius); Island Lake, Ruby Mts., Munz 16263 (CAS); Spruce Mt., Holm- gren 1281 (NY). Nye Co.: n. of Toyabe Dome, Hitchcock & Martin 5601 (NY); Toquima Range, Maguire & Holmgren 25793 (NY). White Pine Co.: Sher- man Ridge, Hitchcock & Martin 5647 (NY). Uran. Garfield Co.: Panguitch Lake, Jones 6002 (NY, cotype of var. ro- tundus); s. of Hatch, Ripley & Barneby 4790 (RB). Emery Co.: e. slope of Wasatch above Orangeville, Ripley & Barneby 9228 (CAS). Juab Co.: Indian Creek Farm, Deep Creek Mts., Maguire © Holmgren 21989 (NY). Kane Co.: Bryce Canyon, Eastwood & Howell 7206 (CAS). Salt Lake Co.: Alta, Jones 1127 (NY); American Fork Canyon, Leonard 167 (NY). San Pete Co.: pass between Six Mile and Twelve Mile canyons, Coville & Tidestrom 40 (NY). Sevier Co.: Fish Lake, Jones 5810 (NY). Summit Co.: divide between Bear River and Black’s Fork, Goodman & Hitchcock 1535 (CAS, NY). Wasatch Co.: Strawberry Reservoir, Ripley & Barneby 9944 (CAS). Cotorapo. Clear Creek Co.: Georgetown, Jones 679 (NY). Grand Co.: Tabernash, Ripley & Barneby 10428 (CAS). Jackson Co.: North Park, Ripley & Barneby 10527 (CAS). Lake Co.: upper Arkansas River below Climax, Ripley & Barneby 10047 (CAS, NY). Larimer Co.: Chambers Lake, C. F. Baker in 1896 (NY). Park Co.: South Park, Wolf 243 (NY, type of Homalobus Wolfii); sw. of Hartsel, Ripley & Barneby 10071 (CAS, NY). The fruit of var. tegetarius, like that of its marginal satellite var. danaus, is almost uniformly 5—8-ovulate, and the two differ in this respect from the races which comprise the rest of the species. Two exceptions, however, have been seen from alpine elevations in Idaho, where the pod was exceptionally short; and nearly all collections from the mountains of Utah bear 4- (or even 3-) ovulate fruits. The diverse material from Utah has proved a stumbling-block. Many of the plants from this state differ from var. tegetarius elsewhere in being of more rigid tex- ture, with firmer stipules, and they vary greatly among them- selves in degree of pubescence. One of several 4-ovulate forms, with leaflets glabrescent above, provided the type of var. ro- tundus, which should perhaps be maintained, though the num- ber of ovules seems to be its only substantial character. Rydberg suggested that the vesture of K. rotunda is more closely ap- pressed and straighter than in K. tegetaria and K. aculeata, and there may be a slight tendency in this direction. In any case the Utah plants here referred to var. tegetarius more nearly resemble the typical race of the species in their basifixed vesture and wide banner than few-ovulate var. Jessiae, in spite of a strong habital similarity to that variety. The situation in the Utah mountains needs study in the field. OF LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 The type of A. tegetarius from northeastern Nevada is an un- usually flaccid and etiolated plant with developed internodes, long peduncles, and white or whitish standard, and Rydberg maintained it on these grounds as distinct from widespread A. aculeatus. The characters do not fall together, condensed white- flowered plants (several from Utah and Colorado), and drawn- out plants with purple flowers (e.g. Rydberg & Bessey 4487, from Montana) being not uncommon. It must be admitted that a pur- ple banner is general throughout the range of var. tegetarius, the white being known only from Clark County, Idaho, Elko Coun- ty, Nevada, north-central Utah and northern Colorado; but the purple reappears in eastern California, southern Utah and cen- tral Colorado. Without supporting characters the color of the flower is hardly of systematic value. The calyx-teeth of var. tegetarius are usually as long as the tube or longer, but we have sporadic instances of abbreviated teeth, often coinciding with condensed habit, small flower, and small pod. A plant of this nature from Yellowstone Park (where normal var. tegetarius forms are also abundant) formed the basis of K. minima Rydb. A few collections from Idaho (e.g. J. W. Thompson 13561) combine a similarly proportioned calyx with larger flower and more open habit; and a further small race from southern Utah (e.g. Eastwood & Howell 7206) closely simu- lates K. minima at nearly all points. It is interesting and sugges- tive that the legume of the Wyoming K. minima, in spite of its small size, is 6-ovulate, while that of the Utah plant is 3-4-ovu- late, the number in each case being that found in normal var. tegetarius of the same regions. It seems that the populations with short teeth have arisen separately and do not form a natural taxonomic unit; and since further they shade directly into var. tegetarius proper both in calycine characters and in size of flower and leaflets, K. minima is best treated as a minor variant. The leaflets of var. tegetarius are commonly canescent on both faces, but the foliage is occasionally green and glabrous on the upper surface. The type of A. aculeatus is sucha plant. When Nelson described this species he compared it with “A. Kentro- phyta” (var. viridis of this paper), from which it is, of course, fully distinct; no comparison with A. tegetarius was attempted. Glabrescent leaflets are perhaps more commonly encountered to the south and east of the species-area; but even in the type- locality both silky and glabrescent leaflets have been obtained. JANUARY, 1951] ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS 95 The population in South Park, Colorado, where var. tege- tarius reaches its southern limit in the Rocky Mountains, is chiefly remarkable for its abundant loose pubescence. Describ- ing it as a doubtful var. implexus, Canby emphasized the five crowded leaflets, few as compared with original A. tegetarius as then known only from Watson’s type, but not an unusual num- ber now, and the “3—4-ovuled legume.” All the pods that I have examined from this region have either six or seven ovules. Ryd- berg described another collection from South Park as Homalo- bus Wolfii, and continued to maintain it in Kentrophyta as separable from K. aculeata by reason of its “‘small flowers, short leaflets and grayish, loose pubescence’’; but all these features are found to be quite unstable in recently collected topotypes. It may be surmised that var. tegetarius, with its close affinity to A. vexilliflexus Sheld., wide montane distribution, basifixed vesture, and relatively flaccid herbage, is the most primitive Kentrophyta, and perhaps represents the original stock from which the rest have arisen by process of reduction and hardening of the tissues in response to increasingly hot and arid habitats. b. var. DANAUS Barneby Astragalus tegetarius Wats. var. danaus, var. nov., a var. tegetario stipulis scariosis firmis, foliis plerisque 3-foliolatis (sed infima nonnumquam 5- foliolata adsunt), foliolis rigidissimis nervo mediano percrasso in spinulam induratam 1-1.5 mm. longam vulnerantem excurrenti distinguenda. Ken- trophyta montana sensu Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 342 (1936), pro max. parte, non Nutt. K. aculeata sensu Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 24: 256 (1929), quoad pl. calif., non A. aculeatus A. Nels. A. tegetarius sensu Abrams, Ill. Fl. 2: 568, quoad pl. calif. et fig. 2776 (1944), non Wats. CavirorniA. Glacier Canyon, Mt. Dana, Mono County, J. T. Howell 20256 (type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 323149). Mt. Dana, Eastwood in 1907 (CAS). Mono Pass, Mono-Tuolumne County line, Eastwood 547 (CAS). The fact that Jepson, noted for a conservative point of view, was able to see two species of Kentrophyta in his material from the high mountains enclosing Owens Valley is suggestive that two real entities occur in California. The plant of the White Mountains, with membranous stipules and relatively flaccid herbage, the mature leaves having 5-7 or even 9 leaflets with inconspicuous midrib running out as a scarcely vulnerant spin- ule about 0.5 mm. long, was rightly referred by Jepson to K. tegetaria. The Sierran plants, differing in their stiffly scarious stipules, rigid and acicular leaflets only three in number in most mature leaves, with corneous midrib running out as a stiff spin- 96 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 ule 1-1.5 mm. long, clearly represent a distinct race. As noted above, a form of var. tegetarius in Utah may be of rigid texture, but here the leaflets are more numerous and the ovules only 3 or 4, as opposed to 5 or 6 in var. danaus. Likewise an elongated spinule, up to 1.5 mm. long, occurs occasionally in var tegetarius, especially in Colorado, but the herbage in these cases is quite flaccid and the leaflets numerous. Jepson described the flower of Californian “K. montana” as “yellowish,” but the petals are purple in young specimens. No material of var. danaus has been seen from the White Moun- tains, but since Jepson cited Duran 1741 (from Wyman Creek) as K. montana it may occur there. c. var. JESSIAE (Peck) Barneby Astragalus tegetarius Wats. var. Jessiae (Peck), comb. nov. A. Jessiae Peck, Leafl. West. Bot. 4: 180 (1945). Kentrophyta montana BR. Nutt. ex T. & G., Fl. N. Amer. 1: 353 (1838). K. aculeata sensu Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 51: 22 (1924), quoad syn. Nutt.; non A. aculeatus A. Nels. K. montana sensu Rydb., op. cit. 20 (1924), pro parte; non Nutt. A. Kentrophyta sensu Barneby in Davis, Cont. Fl. Ida. 16: 27 (1947), pro parte; non Gray. Prostrate, loosely matted, the stems densely leafy, up to 15 cm. long, the longest internodes 5-20 mm. long; pubescence usually copious, composed of straight, appressed hairs, some or most attached above the base; stipules scarious, the lowest 1.5-2.5 mm. long, connate nearly throughout, the upper connate through 1.5-2.5 (3) mm., thence passing into a subulate-aristiform or lance-acuminate subspinulose blade 2-5 mm. long; leaves 8-15 (20) mm. long, the linear-elliptic leaflets 49 mm. long, crowded on a rachis 1-3 (4) mm. long, canescent on both faces, the vulnerant spinule 1.5-2 mm. long; peduncles 1.5-7 mm. long, 2-3 (4) -flowered; calyx-tube 1-2 mm., the aristi- form teeth 1.5-3 mm. long; petals whitish, the obovate banner 5-6 mm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. broad; keel 3-4.5 mm. long; pod oblong-ellipsoid or obliquely ovoid, 3.5-5 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. in diameter, slightly arched downward, beakless or nearly so, 3-4-ovulate, usually 1-seeded; seeds about 2 mm. long. Type: 10 miles south of Adrian, Malheur County, Oregon; collected by M. E. Peck (and Mrs. Jessie G. Peck) in 1942. Distribution: Bare sandy or gravelly bluffs and knolls in the Snake River drainage of southeastern Oregon and adjacent Idaho, and along the upper branches of the North Platte and Green rivers in west-central Wyoming and (?) extreme northern Utah. Exsiccata: OREGON. Malheur Co.: 10 mi. s. of Adrian, Peck 21220 (RB, iso- type of A. Jessiae). IDAHO. Owyhee Co.: sw. of Bruneau, Ripley & Barneby 6507 (CAS, RB); 60 mi. s. of Bruneau, Maguire & Holmgren 26234 (NY). JANUARY, 1951] ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS 93 Wyominc, Fremont Co.: 10 mi. s. of Perrin, Ripley & Barneby 7570 (RB). Sublette Co.: Plains between Eden and Big Piney, E. B. & L. B. Payson 2568 (NY). Sweetwater Co.: Bitter Creek, L. N. Britton in 1882 (NY); w. of McKinnon, Ripley & Barneby 7912 (RB). Uran. (?): “Uinta Mts., Wyoming Terr.”, Dr. Jos. Leidy in 1873 (NY). This variety seems to be of bicentric distribution, and prob- ably consists of two distinct populations, that of the Snake River having slightly more rigid and prolonged stipules and calyx- teeth. In other respects the plants are rather uniform. The Wyoming material has been regularly referred to var. viridis, but the more congested leaves with linear-elliptic rather than linear-oblanceolate leaflets, pubescent on both surfaces with straighter and more closely appressed hairs, lend it a distinct appearance. Both seeds and pods average larger in var. viridis. In habit var. Jesstae simulates var. ungulatus closely, but the pods are of quite different shape. The specimen labelled “Kentorus montanus Nutt. 8” which is mounted with the type of K. montana (NY) and corresponds with Kentrophyta montana B as published by Torrey and Gray, seems to belong here rather than to var. tegetarius (or K. acu- leata), as supposed by Rydberg. No exact locality was recorded, but Nuttall could well have encountered var. Jessiae on the up- per Green River. d. var. virIDIs (Nutt.) Barneby Astragalus tegetarius Wats. var. viridis (Nutt.), comb. nov. Kentrophyta viridis Nutt. ex T. & G., Fl. N. Amer. 1: 353 (1838); Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 51: 21 (1924), exclus. pl. Crandall.; N. Amer. Fl. 24: 254 (1929). K. montana B. viridis (Nutt.) Hook., Jour. of Bot. 6: 215 (1847). Astragalus viridis (Nutt.) Sheld., Minn. Bot. Stud. 1: 118 (1894); non Bge. (1869); Rydb., Fl. Neb. 21: 47, Pl. XI, fig. 82-87 (1895). Phaca viridis (Nutt.) Piper, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11: 374 (1906). Kentrophyta montana Nutt. ex T. & G., l. c. (1838); Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 51: 20 (1924), pro max. parte; N. Amer. FI., 1. c. Astragalus Kentrophyta Gray, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1863, p. 60 (1863), nomen; Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 231 (1864), nom. illegit. A. montanus (Nutt.) Jones, Rev. Astrag. 80, Pl. 5 (1923); non Linn. (1753). Low, diffuse or matted, habitally similar to the preceding; leaves (10) 12-23 mm. long, the leaflets linear-oblanceolate, attenuate from above the middle, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below, with at least some loose hairs; stipules dimorphic, the lowest 24.5 mm. long, connate into a sheath nearly their whole length, the upper connate through 1-2 mm., thence passing into linear-caudate or rarely subulate, at first greenish but at length scarious blades up to 5 mm. long; petals whitish, the oblanceolate to obovate banner 4.5-5.5 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad; keel 3.5—-4 mm. long; pod ovoid- lenticular, 3.5-7 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. broad, beakless or nearly so, subsym- 98 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 metric or a little arched downward, 2-4-ovulate, 1-3-seeded; seeds 2.1-2.5 mm. long. Type: “With the preceding [K. montana]”, ie. “Hills of the Platte, in naked places”, presumably southern Wyoming or adjacent Nebraska; col- lected by Thomas Nuttall in 1834. Distribution: Dunes and badlands on the northern Great Plains, from southwestern Saskatchewan to Nebraska and eastern Wyoming. Exsiccata: “R. Mts.”, Nuttall (NY, type of K. montana). “Platte Plains”, Nuttall (NY, type of K. viridis). ALBERTA. “Stinking Lake, n. of Cypress Hills’, fide Macoun, Cat. Canad. Pl. 4; 114. SASKATCHEWAN. Gull Lake, John Macoun in 1880 (NY). SoutH Dakota. Cheyenne River at Smithville (? Smithwick, Fall River Co.), T. A. Williams 415 (NY). Mellette Co.: White River, E. J. Wallace in 1896 (NY). Wyominc. Laramie Co.: Pine Bluffs, A. Nelson 3621 (NY). NesrAsKA. Yellowstone, Hayden in 1853-54 (NY). Dawes Co.: Belmont, Hi. J. Webber in 1889 (NY). Scotts Bluff Co.: Scotts Bluff, Rydberg 79 (NY). This is the traditional A. Kentrophyta or K. montana, except- ing the New Mexican and western Wyoming records, here re- ferred to var. neomexicanus and var. Jessiae respectively. It is distinguished principally by the leaves, with their linear-oblan- ceolate leaflets tapering from above the middle to the base, glabrous on the upper and hirsutulous on the lower surface. In spite of the supposed difference in the stipules of K. montana and K. viridis, emphasized by Nuttall and later by Rydberg, I can see no significant disparity in this respect in the type-speci- mens, both of them from “hills of the Platte” (ex char., but note that K. montana is actually labelled by Nuttall: “Rfocky] Mts.’’). Both are branches from young plants, the fruit evidently having been described from remnants of a preceding season, and in both the lowermost stipules are scarious and united into a sub- truncate sheath, passing upward into greenish ones, more shortly connate and produced into an acuminate blade. In more ma- ture material the upper stipules are found to become scarious in age, but tend to be more flaccid than those of var. Jessiae at an equivalent stage of maturity. Rydberg had only one collec- tion, beside the type, which he was able to refer to K. viridis, the young plants obtained by Crandall at Palisades, a village on the Grand River in Mesa County, Colorado. Interestingly enough, a closely similar thing from the Grand River Canyon (Eastwood 6110), unquestionably conspecific with Crandall’s, was first labelled by Rydberg “Homalobus impensus” and later JANUARY, 1951] ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS 99 “K. montana.” Both differ from var. viridis in having linear- elliptic leaflets strigose on both faces, and doubtless belong to var. elatus, the characteristic lowland Kentrophyta of the Great Basin; but they are as yet too young to have developed the erect or bushy stems usual later in the year. The rejection of the name Astragalus Kentrophyta, the earli- est binomial published for a member of the present group in Astragalus, is an unhappy necessity. The combination first ap- peared in Gray’s list of Parry, Hall and Harbour’s collections as: “106. Astragalus Kentrophyta (Kentrophyta montana Nutt.)”. Gray was working at the time on his Revision, printed the fol- lowing year, and this new name seems to have been thrown out in advance, with no reference to the original publication; and it cannot be said, by International Rule (Art. 44), to be effec- tively published. In the Revision (Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 231) Gray cited as synonyms of A. Kentrophyta not only the baso- nymic K. montana, but also K. viridis Nutt. An Astragalus mon- tanus had been established in Species Plantarum, but at this time there was no earlier A. viridis, nor other obstacle to the use of Nuttall’s epithet in Astragalus; so that in this instance A. Ken- trophyta was illegitimate (Art. 54). €. Var. NEOMEXICANUS Barneby Astragalus tegetarius Wats. var. neomexicanus, var. nov., habitu inter var. elatum (Wats.) et var. viridem (Nutt.) intermedia, sed ab illa leguminis forma ellipsoidea erostrata haud incurva, ab hac foliolis pube arctissime appressa utrinque strigosis, ab ambabus dentibus calycinis abbreviatis circa 1 mm. longis tubo superatis absimilis. — K. montana et A. Kentrophyta sensu auct. plur., pro parte. A. impensus sensu Woot. & Standl., Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 369 (1915). New Mexico. McKinley Co.: Navajo Experiment Station, Eastwood & Howell 6839 (type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 262065). Sandoval Co.: Berna- lillo, Ripley & Barneby 2391 (RB). San Juan Co.: near Shiprock Agency, Standley 7850 (NY); Upper San Juan, Newberry in 1859 (NY). Valencia Co.: Inscription Rock, Bigelow in Whipple’s Exped., 1853 (NY). This variety, found on dunes, sand-bars, or “marl rocks” be- tween 5400 and 7000 feet in the upper San Juan, Zuni, and Rio Grande valleys of northwestern New Mexico, occurs in two forms, one a relatively tall plant, erect or bushy-branched, the other lower and diffuse, quite like var. viridis in general habit. Plants of the second type, as seen in Sandoval County, were flowering apparently in their first year, as happens occasionally in var. viridis also. All are readily distinguished from var. elatus, 100 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 with which the variety comes into close geographic contact to the west, by the tiny ovoid-ellipsoid beakless pod, similar to, but like the seeds averaging smaller than that of var. viridis; from var. viridis in the more closely appressed vesture extending to both leaf-surfaces; and from both in the short calyx-teeth and nearly homomorphous stipules, the upper with blades reduced to a subulate or lance-subulate blade no longer than the sheath- ing portion. I have seen one example of var. viridis, however, with stipules nearly as short, so that this is perhaps not a reliable character. So far as known to me the ranges of var. viridis and var. neomexicanus are separated by the length of Colorado. f. var. UNGULATUS (Jones) Barneby Astragalus tegetarius Wats. var. ungulatus (Jones), comb. nov. A. Kentro- phyta var. ungulatus Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. II, 5: 650 (1895). A mon- tanus var. ungulatus (Jones) Jones, Rev. Astrag. 80 (exclus. syn. K. Wolfii), Pl. 5 (1923). Kentrophyta ungulata (Jones) Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 51: 23 (1924); N. Amer. Fl. 24: 254 (1929). A. Kentrophyta sensu Wats., Bot. King 77, pro parte, quoad pl. nevad. (1871). Prostrate and densely matted, in habit and vesture quite like var. Jessiae, or more densely silvery; pod lance-acuminate, turgid in the lower half and gradually narrowed into a gently incurved, acuminate beak, the whole 5-6 mm. long, 2-3 (4) -ovulate, 1-2-seeded. Type: Monitor Valley, Nevada; collected by Sereno Watson in 1868. Distribution: Calcareous gravel or clay knolls in the valleys of central and northeastern Nevada, alt. 5800-7200 ft. Exsiccata: NEvaDA. Elko Co.: s. of Hubbard CCC camp on U. S. 93, Holm- gren 1581 (NY). Eureka Co.: Monitor Valley, Watson 290 (NY, isotype of var. ungulatus); Monitor Valley s. of Lone Mt., Ripley & Barneby 6205 (RB); 26 mi. w. of Eureka, Ripley & Barneby 9932 (CAS, RB). Lander Co.: Reese River valley nw. of Austin, Ripley & Barneby 6198 (CAS, RB). Nye Co.: Belmont, foothills of Toquima Range, Ripley & Barneby 3694 (RB). g. var. ELATUS (Wats.) Barneby Astragalus tegetarius Wats. var. elatus (Wats.), comb. nov. A. Kentrophyta var. elatus Wats., Bot. King 77 (1871). A. viridis var. elatus (Wats.) CkIl., Bot. Gaz. 26: 437 (1898), nom. subnud. A. viridis var. impensus Sheld., Minn. Bot. Stud. 1: 118 (1894), a superfluous substitute. A. Kentrophyta var. impensus (Sheld.) Jones. Cont. West. Bot. 10: 63 (1902). Kentrophyta impensa (Sheld.) Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 32: 665 (1905); op. cit. 51: 21 (1924); N. Amer. FI. 24: 253 (1923). A. impensus (Sheld.) Woot. & Standl., Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 369 (1915). A. montanus var. impensus (Sheld.) Jones, Rev. Astrag. 80, Pl. 5 (1915). A. Kentrophyta var. coloradoensis Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 10: 63 (1902). A. montanus var. coloradoensis (Jones) Jones, Rev. Astrag. 80, Pl. 5 (1923). JANUARY, 1951] ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS 101 Kentrophyta coloradoensis (Jones) Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 24: 253 (1929) (as “coloradensis”). Kentrophyta montana sensu T. & G., Fl. N. Amer. 1: 694 (1840); non Nutt. Phaca viridis sensu Piper, Cont. U. S$. Nat. Herb. 11: 374 (1906), quoad pl. cit.; non K. viridis Nutt. Tufted at base, but with many ascending or erect, rarely diffuse herba- ceous branches (1) 2-4.5 dm. long; internodes developed, some of them 1.5—5 cm. long, often exceeding the leaves; pubescence of the herbage closely ap- pressed, the hairs mostly with suprabasal attachment and straight or nearly so; stipules dimorphic, the lowest connate into a subtruncate scarious sheath, the upper lance-acuminate, in youth herbaceous, early becoming scarious, drawn out into stiff, at length divaricate and spinescent blades 3-7 mm. long; leaflets 5-7, linear-elliptic, falcate-divaricate, nearly always strigose on both surfaces, rarely glabrescent above; calyx-tube about 1.5 mm., the linear-subulate to aristiform teeth (1.3) 1.5-2.5 mm. long; petals whitish, the keel, and occasionally the wings also, purple-tipped, the obo- vate-oblanceolate banner 4.5-6 mm. long, 3-3.5 (4) mm. broad, the keel about 3.5 mm. long; pod narrowly ovoid-acuminate, 4—7 (10) mm. long, 1.5-2 (2.5) mm. in diameter, somewhat incurved, the ventral suture straight or slightly concave, the dorsal convex; ovules 2-4; seed commonly solitary, about 3 mm. long. Type: Holmes Creek Valley, Nevada; collected by Sereno Watson in 1868. Distribution: Clay knolls, shale talus, in hot and barren places, commonly associated with red sandstones to the south, but also on other sedimentary and occasionally eruptive rocks, mostly between 5000 and 8000 ft., wide- spread in the drainage of the Colorado River from northwestern New Mex- ico, western Colorado, and northern Arizona to eastern Nevada, and with isolated stations near the Great Bend of the Columbia in southern Wash- ington and (?) adjacent Oregon. Exsiccata: WASHINGTON. Walla Walla Co.: Walla Walla, Brandegee (Herb. Univ. Calif.). OREGON. (?): “Oregon”, Douglas ex herb. Hook. (NY). Nevapa. Elko Co.: Holmes Creek Valley, Watson 291 (NY, isotype of var. elatus). Lincoln Co.: Bennett Springs, Purpus 6275 (NY); Panaca, Ripley & Barneby in 1942 (RB). Uran. Beaver Co.: e. of Frisco, Ripley & Barneby 9255 (RB). Emery Co.: s. of Emery, Ripley & Barneby 4754 (RB). Garfield Co.: Bryce Canyon, East- wood & Howell 7178 (CAS); Red Canyon, Eastwood & Howell 789 (CAS). Iron Co.: Maple Canyon, Garrett R2647 (NY); 10 mi. e. of Cedar City, Hitchcock, Rethke & van Raadshooven 4630 (NY, leaflets glabrous or pubes- cent above). Morgan Co.: Lost Creek, Jones 5838 (NY). Sevier Co.: Fish Creek Canyon, Garrett 2512 (NY); Pavant Range near Richfield, Ripley & Barneby 4777 (CAS, RB). Cotorapo. Mesa Co.: Palisades, Crandall in 1898 (NY); Grand River Can- yon, Eastwood 6110 (NY). Rio Blanco Co.: Piceance Creek, Ripley & Barneby 9182 (RB). San Miguel Co.: Placerville, Ripley & Barneby 10269 (RB). Arizona. Navajo Indian Reservation, in 1916, collector not known (NY). Coconino Co.: Lees Ferry, Jones in 1890 (Pomona Coll. Herb., type of var. 102 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 coloradoensis); Kaibab Plateau near Jacob’s Lake, Eastwood & Howell 6413 (CAS); Cliff Spring near Cape Royal, F. W. Peirson 7430 (CAS). New Mexico. McKinley Co.: Manuelito, Ripley & Barneby in 1943 (RB, sterile, but apparently referable here rather than to var. neomexicanus). The var. elatus is characterized by its bushy habit, with de- veloped, rigid, annual stems arising from a branched suffruti- cose caudex. Often the central stems of a plant will be erect and the outer ascending or reclining, but occasionally, on steep gravel slides, all may become diffuse and trailing. In these cases, and when the pod is lacking, specimens are not easy to distin- guish from var. Jessiae, although the long internodes commonly betray their identity. It is almost never misidentified in herbaria. The type of var. coloradoenis is remarkable, indeed unique in my experience, for its large pod, about 1 cm. long. It may perhaps represent a distinct race from low elevations along the canyons of the Colorado, but other material that I have seen from the region has all been in flower only. The stipules are not all “free,” as claimed by Jones; indeed are no different from the normal state in fruiting var. elatus. The recurrence of the variety in the Columbia Basin, at points over 400 miles northwest of the nearest station in Nevada, is surprising. One might expect here a distinct race, and a better acquaintance with these northerly plants will be required before their status can be established. The Douglas plant that I have seen from “Oregon” is only the tip of a branch, but bears a lance-acuminate and slightly arched pod quite like that of var. elatus. See also St. John, Fl. S. E. Wash. 219 (1937); and Howell, Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 75 (1938). CRYPTANTHA CIRCUMSCISSA IN THE SIERRA NEVADA BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Cryptantha circumscissa (H. & A.) Jtn., like some other wide- spread species and species-groups in western North America, is relatively uniform in its morphology over a vast area until it reaches and ascends the Sierra Nevada. This species, which is readily distinguished from other species of Cryptantha by its circumscissle fruiting calyx, occurs from “southern British Co- lumbia and Idaho, southward to Arizona and northern Lower JANUARY, 1951] | CRYPTANTHA CIRCUMSCISSA 103 California” (Johnston, Contrib. Gray Herb. n. ser. 74: 41), and, although it is somewhat variable in habit, flowers, and fruits, the variations mostly lack correlation and geographic alignment and so seem to have little or no taxonomic significance. Along the east side of the Sierra Nevada and on its southerly slopes, however, C. circumscissa develops two minor variants that have distributional significance and should be recognized by name. One of these, var. hispida (Macbr.) Jtn., is characterized by conspicuous bristly hairs on the stems and leaves, the hairs on the typical form of the species being more appressed. This plant was originally described from western Nevada as a species, Krynitzkia dichotoma Greene, but as Johnston has remarked (op. cit. p. 42), “this hirsute form is best treated as a geographical variety.” It occurs from the region northeast of Lake Tahoe in Nevada, south in California to Tulare and Kern counties, with outlying stations in the Mohave Desert (acc. Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3: 332, under Greeneocharis) and on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada in Fresno County. Several years ago, I wrote a brief note establishing an altitudinal limit of 10,400 feet for this va- riety (Leafl. West. Bot. 4: 169,—1945), but in July, 1950, P. A. Munz and I found it growing on the summit ridge of Olancha Peak above timberline at 12,000 feet. The second variant appears to be undescribed. It is a diminu- tive plant of sandy slopes and flats from timberline forests to alpine summits, and as it is now known it is restricted to the southern Sierran crest from Army Pass south to Olancha Peak in Inyo and Tulare counties. It was first discovered by Dr. Munz and me on the Sierra Club Base Camp outing in 1949, and we found it again in 1950 on Olancha Peak where it grew only a short distance from var. hispida. The new variety is distin- guished by its small size, dense habit, oblanceolate leaves, and short style. In the character of its pubescence, it is like typical C. circumscissa, the hairs on the stems and leaves being more or less appressed. Typical C. circumscissa, with relatively open somewhat spreading or erect habit and subappressed pubescence, is a rare plant in the Sierra Nevada, being known from only a half dozen Sierran stations from Sierra County on the north to Inyo and Tulare counties on the south. According to Jepson, the species reaches an altitude of 7500 feet, but on the 1950 Sierra Club Base Camp outing, the plant was found by G. Ledyard 104 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 Stebbins, Jr., and Peter Raven on the slope of Table Mt. near Lake Sabrina, Inyo County, at 9500 feet. The taxonomic and distributional details relating to these plants are summarized in the following synopsis. The Sierran specimens cited are in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. For synonymy, see Johnston, Contrib. Gray Herb. n. ser. 74: 41, 42. KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF CRYPTANTHA CIRCUMSCISSA 1. Pubescence substrigose, the hairs on stems and leaves more or less ap- PEGS Sed ato 2 clap nih tw She!» dys Ppeloht lo shold caste assis hee oe 2 1. Pubescence subhirsute, the hairs (or many of them) on stems and leaves BEC AUNTY cheers etal aie wie ees aaa Sole ote ohalS nee ails SR Ic. var. hispida 2. Plants larger and more loosely branched, stems usually more than 2 cm. long; leaves narrowly oblongish or linear; styles nearly as long as the aM AE epi (orn (Sefw Eelnways Vil aVeinN 4 5B op odogud ead Bao. la. var. circumscissa 2. Plants small and compact, stems 2 cm. long or less; leaves oblong-oblance- olate; styles 24-34 as long as the nutlets ............ lb. var. rosulata la. CRYPTANTHA CIRCUMSCISSA (H. & A) Jtn. var. CIRCUMSCISSA. Rare in the Sierra Nevada where plants occur on arid slopes, generally east of the crest, 5000-9500 ft.; north to British Columbia (acc. Johnston), south to Lower California, east to Idaho, Utah, and Arizona; Argentina (acc. Jepson). Sierran collections seen or reported: Chilcoot, Sierra Valley, 4995 ft., Plumas Co., L. S. Rose 34416; Beckwith Pass, Lassen Co., acc. Jepson; Tioga Road, about 8300 ft., Mono Co., acc. Johnston; Table Mt. near Lake Sabrina, 9500 ft., Inyo Co., Stebbins & Raven 52; in pinyon belt above Sage Flat, 6500 ft., Inyo Co., Howell in 1950; Volcano Creek and Lloyd Meadows, Tulare Co., acc. Jepson. 1b. Cryptantha circumscissa (H. & A.) Jtn. var. rosulata J. T. Howell, var. nov. Annuae parvae compactae caulibus foliis floribusque conferte rosulatis vel raro paulum aperte ramosae; caulibus 0.5-2 cm. longis, strigosis pilis subappressis; foliis obianceolatis vel anguste oblongo-oblanceolatis, strigosis, apice 1 vel 2 trichomatibus magnis; calyce tarde circumscisso; corolla 1.5-2 mm. longa, lobis circa 0.5 mm. longis; nuculis laevibus nitentibusque, 1.5-1.75 mm. longis, stylo 144-4 longioribus. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 361616, collected in granitic sand near timberline, Cottonwood Lakes, 11,200 ft. alt., Inyo Co., Aug. 12, 1949, Howell 26227. Other collections, all from California and all except the first from Tulare County: Cottonwood Lakes, 11,200 ft., Inyo Co., Howell 25471; above tim- berline at summit of Army Pass, 12,000 ft., Howell 26200; Siberian Pass Creek, 11,000 ft., Howell 25743; Whitney Meadows, 9700 ft., Howell 25830; Olancha Peak, summit ridge above timberline, 12,000 ft., Howell 27234. Ic. CRYPTANTHA CIRCUMSCISSA (H. & A.) Jtn. var. HIspIDA (Macbr.) Jtn. Sandy or gravelly slopes, 5000-12,000 ft., from Nevada Co., California, and Washoe Co., Nevada, south to Inyo and Tulare counties, California, in the north found only east of the crest, in the south on both slopes of the Sierra Ne- JANUARY, 1951] ENCELIA ANGUSTIFOLIA 105 vada; east to Virginia City, Storey Co., Nevada (Eastwood 14823), south in California to Erskine Creek (acc. Johnston, l.c., p. 42) and Mohave Desert (acc. Jepson). Sierran collections seen. NEVADA: between Boca and Verdi, Washoe Co., Curran in 1884 (type of Krynitzkia dichotoma); Verdi, Washoe Co., Sonne in 1888; Glenbrook, Douglas Co., L. S. Rose in 1930. CALIFORNIA. Mono County: pine woods 6 miles south of Crestview, How- ell 25272; Convict Lake, L. S. Rose 35361. Inyo County: Rock Creek Lake Basin, Peirson 9485; Coyote Ridge, Stebbins & Raven 180; Big Pine Lakes Trail, 9500-10,000 ft., Howell 24045; Little Cottonwood Creek, 9800 ft., Howell 25431; Jeffrey pine belt, Wonoga Peak, 9000-9500 ft., Howell 25409; Summit Creek east of Olancha Pass, 9300 ft., Howell 26747. Fresno County: Kaiser Peak, Pollard in 1943. Tulare County: trail to Mt. Whitney, 10,000 ft., Culbertson 4243; Rock Creek, 10,000-10,400 ft., Howell 26110; Whitney Meadows, Howell 25766; Monache Meadows, Howell 27071; Hessian Mead- ows, Howell 27098; Olancha Peak, on summit ridge above timberline, 12,000 ft., Howell 27245. THE STATUS OF ENCELIA ANGUSTIFOLIA AND E. ALBESCENS BY S. F. BLAKE ENCELIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. 39:110 (1903); Blake, 1.c. 49:371 (1913). This species from the Sierra Madre, Tepic (now Nayarit), Mexico, continues to be known only from the type, collected by Dr. J. N. Rose on 13 Aug. 1897. The characteristically scanty original specimen, consisting of a root bearing 3 stems of the year, 2 of them terminating in solitary heads, was divided be- tween the U.S. National Herbarium and the Gray Herbarium. The heads are in rather young flower, and consequently do not reveal the character of the mature fruit. The young achenes are villous on the margins and slightly pubescent on the side, with a pappus of 2 antrorse-pubescent awns about their own length. They have a thin aliform margin, suggesting the wing that is characteristic of the achenes of the related genus Verbesina, but since the same feature can be shown by young achenes of Encelia its presence is not of real significance. The style branches, how- ever, instead of being relatively short and with short, deltoid, obtuse to barely acutish appendages, as in Encelia, are relatively long and have the appendages drawn out into an acuminate hispidulous tip, precisely as in Verbesina. For this reason I have 106 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 no hesitation in transferring the species to that genus as Verbe- sina angustissima, nom. nov., the name angustifolia having al- ready been used in the genus. Verbesina angustissima falls naturally into the section Verbe- sinaria as defined in Robinson and Greenman’s revision of 1899, where its closest relatives are V. longifolia Gray and V. scotio- donta Blake. It agrees with both these in having leaves with strongly raised nerves and small, calloused teeth; the latter fea- ture is not found in any true species of Encelia, and the former only in E. scaposa. Subsequent experience has shown that the presence of a wing-like margin on the ovary, the principal fea- ture on which I relied when transferring Gymnolomia serrata to Verbesina (as V. scotiodonta) in 1918, is not an infallible diag- nostic character for Verbesina, but reexamination of the type collection of that species (E. W. Nelson 4891) shows that it has the characteristic style tips of Verbesina as described above. In my revision of Encelia in 1913, I used the group name Angustifoliae for a group of three species with narrowly linear, unlobed leaves, made up of £. angustifolia, E. scaposa Gray, and E. stenophylla Greene. Although no type species was desig- nated, the name was obviously based on the first of these spe- cies which is now excluded from the genus, so that it may be well to propose for the two remaining species the name Encelia series Stenophyllae, with E. stenophylla Greene as type, and the fol- lowing diagnosis: folia angustissime linearia integerrima. Both species are known in the fruiting condition as well as in flower, and are definitely in agreement with typical Encelia in both style and fruit characters. ENCELIA ALBESCENS Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8:658 (1873); Blake, 1.c. 49:365 (1913). This species was described from 3 one-headed branches 11 to 28 cm. long, collected by Edward Palmer (No. 21) in 1869 in Sonora, without definite locality, and now preserved in the Gray Herbarium and the U. S. National Herbarium. The decidedly immature achenes are villous-ciliate, with some hairs on the sides, and are awnless or bear 2 (or according to Gray sometimes 1) weak awns. Gray remarked that it was “a good Encelia, of the Geraea section by the pappus.” In my revision I spoke of it as a doubtful species, too close to Encelia frutescens var. actont. Some time ago, when examining the cotype sheet in the National JANUARY, 1951] SIERRAN SEDGES 107 Herbarium, I was struck by its resemblance to the common Ver- besina encelioides (Cav.) B. & H. var. exauriculata Robinson & Greenman. Careful examination of the sheet in the National Herbarium and the duplicate in the Gray Herbarium, which was kindly lent for study by Dr. R. C. Rollins, has shown that they agree with this plant in every significant feature—pubes- cence, involucre, and characters of head including the style- branches, which are as described under E. angustifolia above. After standing on the books for three-quarters of a century with- out having a second specimen referred to it, the name Encelia albescens can at last be disposed of as a synonym under the Verbesina named above. Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Maryland NOTES ON SOME SIERRAN SEDGES BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Twice, in the late summer and early autumn of 1945 and 1946, I was the guest of Judge Curtis D. Wilbur at his cabin on Echo Summit, Eldorado County, California, and on both occasions Miss Edna Wilbur arranged trips to nearby points of interest where a number of noteworthy botanical collections were made. Observations on some of the sedges are given here. ELEOCHARIS DECUMBENS Clarke. This species, which is one of the rarest in the genus and certainly the rarest spike-rush in California, was collected in a marshy area near Echo Summit, Eldorado County, where it grew with such other sedges as Carex arctogena, C. ormantha, C. Lemmonit, C. gymnoclada, and Scirpus Congdonii. Since heretofore the species has been definitely known only from the type-collection (cf. Svenson in Rhodora 34: 225), I referred my collection (No. 22968) to Dr. Svenson, who wrote about it as follows: “I looked over with great interest your specimen of E. decumbens and I agree with you that it represents a small specimen of that nearly unknown species. For several years, William Bridge Cooke looked for the plant on Mt. Shasta, but he was unable to find it. . . It is sur- prising how little material has been turned up.” The type of this rare plant was reputedly made on “Mount 108 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 Shasta, alt. 2500 m.” by H. E. Brown, No. 424. As Cooke (Amer. Midl. Nat. 26: 80, 81) has pointed out, however, Brown did not restrict the term Mt. Shasta to the mountain itself but used the name to cover a broad indefinite area of northern California. Therefore it seems likely, since a special search by Cooke for the plant on Mt. Shasta did not disclose it there, that the type- collection was one of those specimens which Brown attributed to the mountain but which came from the adjacent but geo- logically unrelated and floristically different Scott Mts. in the Klamath region to the west. I would like to think of this rare sedge as occurring in the northern Sierra Nevada and in the Klamath region together with other rareties having a similar distribution which I have already had occasion to discuss (cf. Leafl. West. Bot. 4: 168, 169). In consideration of these matters, Eleocharis decumbens should certainly have been included by Cooke (ibid., p. 84) among Brown’s “Shasta” plants which he lists as doubtful, since he does not accept it in his treatment of the genus in his Flora of Mount Shasta (Amer. Mid]. Nat. 23: 521). Jepson also over- looked this California endemic, both in his Flora (Eleocharis, 1922) and Manual (Eleocharis, 1923), but Britton included it in Abrams’ Illustrated Flora (1: 265,-1923). There I would alter the final statement to read— “Type locality: given as Mount Shasta, California, at 2500 m., but probably in the Scott Mountains.” DULICHIUM ARUNDINACEUM (L.) Britt. This sedge, so wide- spread in North America, apparently is very rare in California. It was omitted from Jepson’s Flora (Cyperaceae in part, 1922), but both in Abrams’ Flora (1: 278,-1923) and in Jepson’s Man- ual (p. 147,-1923) it was recorded from Humboldt County, Cali- fornia. The plant is now to be recorded from two counties in the Sierra Nevada. Near Echo Summit, Eldorado Co., I found the plant very common on the marshy borders of a small pond (No. 22976). In the vicinity of Huntington Lake, it has been found by Lawrence Beane at a couple of localities, one of which is Ward Lake (Beane in 1949). Further collections from middle elevations of the Sierra are anticipated with certainty. CAREX ARCTOGENA H. Smith. Under the name, C. capitata L., this species was reported from only three stations in Fresno and Tulare counties, California, by Mackenzie (Erythea 8: 22,-1922), and it had been known from the vicinity of Mt. Rose in western JANUARY, 1951] SIERRAN SEDGES 109 Nevada. At the suggestion of the late J. W. Stacey, I went to the Nevada locality in 1938 where I was successful in finding the plant near the head of Third Creek (No. 14135). Since that time, in the high southern Sierra Nevada, I have made eleven collec- tions in Tulare and Inyo counties, while still other collections have been made from Inyo and Tuolumne counties by C. W. Sharsmith. In 1946, less than a mile from the Placerville-Lake Tahoe highway, I was surprised to find this relatively rare but widespread sedge in a marsh near Echo Summit, Eldorado Co. (No. 22959). This locality is at an elevation of only 7400 ft., while most of the collections from the southern Sierra Nevada have been made at 10,000 to 12,000 feet. Recently it has been suggested that C. arctogena is to be in- terpreted as merely an ecologic form of C. capitata (M. Ray- mond, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montréal 64: 34-39,-1949). While it is true that one sometimes has difficulty in placing specimens belonging to this alliance, C. arctogena was originally separated by such distinctive characters that I hesitate to follow Raymond until I have more carefully studied the problem. CAREX TAHOENSIS Smiley. In shallow gravelly soil of the sum- mit ridge of Mt. Tallac just south of the highest point, Smiley’s Tahoe Carex was found to be a common plant (No. 22952). Originally described from a specimen Smiley collected in 1913 on Mt. Tallac, Eldorado Co., “‘at an elevation of about 9300 feet” (Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 119,-1921), the plant was not recognized as a species by Mackenzie but was treated by him asa synonym of C. phaeocephala Piper (N. Am. Fl. 18: 139,-1931). Carex phaeocephala also occurs on Mt. Tallac but the two plants are very different in appearance and in technical characters. South of Mt. Tallac, C. tahoensis is of rare occurrence in the high Sierra Nevada in Mono and Inyo counties. Twice I have recorded collections from these counties as C. Eastwoodiana (Sierra Club Nature Notes No. 13, p. 12; Base Camp Botany, 1946, p. 5). Besides the Tallac collections noted above, the spe- cies may be recorded by the following collections in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. Mono County: Mt. Warren, 11700 ft., Sharsmith 2830; Dun- derberg Peak, 11200 ft., Sharsmith 2944; Mt. Conness, northeast side, Clausen 1650; Dana Plateau, 12000 ft., Sharsmith 3518; Glacier Canyon, Mt. Dana, Howell 20269. 110 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 Inyo County: Box Lake, Rock Creek Lake Basin, 10500 ft., Howell 22435; Coyote Ridge, 12000 ft., Howell 24001, Stebbins & Raven 199; Thunder and Lightning Lake, 11700 ft., Howell 23991. Carex Davy Mkze. Although this is one of the most conspic- uous California species in the section Ovales, it has remained one of the rarest, being known in literature only from the type and the three additional collections cited by Mackenzie in Ery- thea (8: 42). In 1946, I collected this rare sedge on the lower slopes of Mt. ‘Tallac northeast of Gilmore Lake at 8800 feet ele- vation, Eldorado Co. (No. 22954). Still other collections of C. Davyi in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. that might be noted here are: Hermit Valley, Alpine Co., Petrson 11714; Winnemuca Lake, Alpine Co., Peirson 12203, L. S. Rose 44195; ‘Tuolumne Mead- ows near Dog Creek, Tuolumne Co., Howell 20317; west side of Mono Pass, ‘Tuolumne Co., Howell 20620. None of the above stations extends the previously known range of the species, which has been reported from Placer County south to Tulare County,* but both Alpine and Tuolumne counties represent new county records for this rare sedge. CAREX VESICARIA L, AND C. ROSTRATA STOKES. In 1942 in Sky Parlor Meadow, Tulare Co., and again in 1946 near Echo Sum- mit, Eldorado Co., I found these two common widespread spe- cies growing together and was able to compare their distinctive habits. These I shall describe, even at the risk of recording ob- servations which surely must have been set down somewhere but which I have not come across in Carex literature. In C. rostrata (No. 22971), the culms are strictly erect, quite perpendicular to the plane of level meadows and lake margins where it grows. The culms of C. vesicaria (No. 22972), on the other hand, arise obliquely and form with the ground an angle less than a right angle. As the two species grew together near Echo Summit, C. vesicaria formed radially spreading, loosely tufted masses, while C. rostrata occurred as a somewhat open growth with the strict culms more distantly spaced. My photo- *Since these notes were written and put in type, I have had the privilege of studying at the Dudley Herbarium the collection which is the basis of the Tulare County record cited by Mackenzie (Erythea 8: 42): Dudley 2484, collected in the ‘“‘vicinity of Mt. Whitney” on Aug. 7,. 1897. Although the sheet is annotated by Mackenzie, the plant is obviously not C. Davyi, but, with its very thin, ovate, perigynia 4-5 mm. long, it is referable to C. proposita Mkze. which I have recently recognized in the Sierra Nevada (cf. Base Camp Botany, 1949, p. 9). Hence, C. Davyi, as I now know it, is restricted to the central Sierra Nevada from Placer County south to Tuolumne County, at 6000 to 10600 ft. elevation. JANUARY, 1951] NEW NAMES IN OXYTROPIS 111 graph of this revealing association is on file in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. but unfortunately it is not good enough to reproduce here. In the herbarium, it is not always easy to distinguish these very distinct species, particularly if specimens are immature. Nash’s excellent drawings in Erythea (vol. 8, figs. 48, 49, 50), il- lustrate admirably the differences between the spikelets of C. rostrata on the one hand and those of C. vesicaria and C. exsic- cata Bailey on the other. I might add that in habit C. exsiccata simulates its very close relative, C. vesicaria, and that its culms are oblique to the ground. NEW NAMES IN OXYTROPIS BY R. C. BARNEBY Wappingers Falls, New York A study of the North American species of Oxytropis has shown a need for several minor changes in the nomenclature. An account of the genus has been completed, but its publication is likely to be delayed. The following combinations, relating to the members of the genus native to the Rocky Mountains and Western States are published here in order to make them avail- able for floristic works now in preparation. Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC. var. foliolosa (Hook.) Barneby, comb. nov. O. foliolosa Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 146 (1834). Astragalus deflexus Pall. var. foliolosus (Hook.) Tidestr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 50: 19 (1937). Oxytropis Lagopus Nutt. var. atropurpurea (Rydb.) Barneby, stat. nov. Aragallus atropurpureus Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 34: 424 (1907). Oxytropis Besseyi (Rydb.) Blank. var. ventosa (Greene) Barneby, stat. nov. Aragallus ventosus Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 15 (1905). Oxytropis Besseyi (Rydb.) Blank. var. argophylla (Rydb.) Barneby, stat. nov. Aragallus argophyllus Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 255 (1900). Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. gracilis (A. Nels.) Barneby, stat. nov. Aragallus gracilis A. Nels., Erythea 7: 60 (1899). Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. Cusickii (Greenm.) Barneby, stat. nov. Aragallus Cusickii Greenm., Erythea 7: 116 (1899). Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. dispar (A. Nels.) Barneby, stat. nov. Aragallus dispar A. Nels., Erythea 7: 61 (1899). Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. var. columbiana (St. John) Barneby, stat. nov. O. columbiana St. John, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 41: 100 (1928). Oxytropis sericea Nutt. var spicata (Hook.) Barneby, comb. nov. O. cam- pestris 3. spicata Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 147 (1834). Oxytropis Lambertii Pursh var. articulata (Greene) Barneby, stat. nov. Aragallus articulatus Greene, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 13 (1905). 112 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 5 NOTES ON TWO CALIFORNIA WEEDS BY CLIFTON F. SMITH Santa Barbara Botanic Garden A New Papaver. In March, 1950, Mr. Eben McMillan of Cholame, San Luis Obispo County, collected Papaver apulum Ten. var. micranthum (Bor.) Fedde at the Point of Rocks which rise on the Antelope Plains in western Kern County. The writer collected fruiting specimens in April and noted only a few plants scattered along a fifty yard stretch of disturbed soil, either a cattle trail or weathered stratum. The habitat is a north ex- posed slope in a saddle among rocks and associate species are Bromus rubens, Hordeum Stebbinsii, Schismus arabicus, Eriogo- num gracillimum, Atriplex polycarpa, Salsola Kali var. tenut- folia, Stylomecon heterophylla, Erodium cicutarium, and Gu- tlerrezia sp. This particular variety is native to France and Germany and was probably introduced by the Basque sheepherdsmen, who, according to Mr. McMillan, made their camp at the Point of Rocks some forty years ago. It apparently has not heretofore been reported from North America. ANOTHER STATION FOR THE FIELD Marico p. In 1946, Mr. J. T. Howell reported a collection of Calendula arvensis L. from an orchard near Sonoma, Sonoma County, its first known occur- rence in North America (Leafl. West. Bot. 4: 260). It is native to Eurasia, Africa, and the Canary Islands. This spring, at the corner of Miradero Lane and Verde Vista Drive in Santa Barbara, this attractive weed was found abun- dantly naturalized in roadside grass. Since this locality borders the former experimental garden of Frederic E. Clements, it is assumed that this species was once tested by Dr. Clements and had escaped and persisted along the road. The garden has been abandoned for at least five years. Duplicate specimens of the Papaver and Calendula are de-- posited at the California Academy of Sciences where they were identified by Mr. Howell. Vol. VI No. 6 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS PAGE The Genus Malacothamnus, Greene (Malvaceae) . . . 113 Tuomas H. KEARNEY SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Apri 20, 1951 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bot. Owned and published by Joun THomMas HOWELL APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 113 THE GENUS MALACOTHAMNUS, GREENE (MALVACEAE) BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY It has been proposed to restrict the genus Malvastrum to spe- cies having indehiscent or merely apically dehiscent carpels, typified by M. coromandelianum (L.) Garcke (9). If this pro- posal is accepted, species having the carpels completely dehis- cent, splitting into two valves when dry, belong to other genera, such as the South American Nototriche Turcz. and Tarasa Phil., and the North American Malacothamnus Greene and Sidopsis Rydb. Possibly additional segregates will need recognition when some of the South American species previously included in Malvastrum are better known. The genus Malacothamnus was established by Edward L. Greene in 1906 (6) to comprise the more or less shrubby Califor- nian plants which Gray and Robinson (5, pp. 310-313) had treated as species of Malvastrum, they having recognized 11 species of this group. Greene published a brief description of the genus and included in it the following species: M. arcuatus (Greene), M. Fremontii (Torr.), M. orbiculatus (Greene), M. Davidsonii (Robins.), M. Palmeri (Wats.), M. aboriginum (Rob- ins.), M. densiflorus (Wats.), M. marrubioides (Dur. & Hilg.), and M. fasciculatus (Nutt.). These 9 species represent nearly the whole range of variation in the genus.! Malacothamnus as a genus has not been recognized by later authors except Abrams (1) who published M. Nuttallii as a new species and M. fasciculatus splendidus (Kell.) and M. nesioticus (Robins.) as new combinations. The species of southern Cali- fornia were treated (as Malvastrum) by Estes (4). Eastwood (2,3) in her treatment of the Californian species (likewise as Mal- vastrum) recognized 27 species, whereas Jepson (7, pp. 497-501), who mistakenly transferred them to Sphaeralcea, reduced the number to 8, relegating to varietal status or to synonymy several entities which previously had been regarded as species. McMinn (11) recognized 12 species and numerous varieties of shrubby Californian “Malvastrum.” Two species that, so far as is defi- 1Greene did not indicate a t species but M. fasciculatus, having been the first species bed (as Malva fasciculata Nutt.), may be designated as the lectotype. Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 113-140, April 20, 1951. 114 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. v1, NO. 6 nitely known, are confined to Baja California, have been dis- cussed recently by Wiggins (13). The present writer distinguishes 21 species and 6 varieties. It should be noted, however, that several of these entities are known only from a single or very few collections. With more abundant material, reduction in the status of some of them may become advisable. The genus is wholly North American unless, as has been sug- gested by A. Krapovickas (personal communication), the Chi- lean Malva obtusifolia Walp. is a species of Malacothamnus. DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS Plants perennial, usually shrubby but sometimes herbaceous above the woody caudex, with numerous ascending-spreading or nearly erect branches; herbage more or less densely pubescent with mostly stellate hairs, these with arms often very unequal; leaves short- or rather long-petioled, the blades mostly shallowly to somewhat deeply 3- to 5-lobed, crenate or dentate, rounded to acutish at apex, cuneate, truncate, or cordate at base, the veins (at least the five principal veins) usually prominent beneath; flowers in axillary (or sometimes terminal) glomerules, these dense and subsessile or loose (more or less racemiform) and stalked, the flowers sessile to rather long-pedicelled; involucel of 3 subulate or filiform (in a few species broader) bractlets, these much shorter than to somewhat surpassing the calyx; calyx more or less deeply 5-lobed, sparsely to very densely pubescent with stellate (rarely simple) hairs, the lobes deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, acutish to atten- uate-acuminate; petals pale to deep mauve, asymmetrically obovate, villous and often somewhat united at base; column much shorter than the corolla, the stamens numerous, crowded; style-branches of the same number as the carpels, the stigmas terminal, capitate; ovary and fruit depressed-hemi- spheric, usually about 10-merous; ovules solitary, ascending, the radicle inferior; carpels in fruit thin-walled, compressed, asymmetrically suborbicu- lar or broadly ovate or obovate, muticous, very shallowly and broadly to rather deeply and acutely incised ventrally toward base, often with a stalk- like base below the sinus, sparsely to copiously stellulate apically and usually on the ventral edge, mostly glabrous dorsally and on the faces, otherwise smooth and unappendaged, completely dehiscent (splitting into two valves even before full maturity); seeds reniform, papillate-stellulate and often somewhat rugose. The haploid chromosome number, as determined by J. M. Webber (12, p- 320) for 6 species is 17. HABITAT AND TIME OF FLOWERING These plants occur mostly, if not exclusively, on well-drained slopes and along washes and gullies, in areas now or formerly occupied by chaparral vegetation. Therefore, “Chaparral Mal- APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 115 low” would be a good choice for the common name of the genus. Since the genus, as a whole, ranges from Mendocino and Te- hama counties in northern California to northern Baja Cali- fornia and from the coast and coastal islands to the desert-facing slopes of the Sierra Nevada, San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto mountains, the associated chaparral plants differ considerably as to species, but ecologically the environment is remarkably uniform. Most of the species begin flowering in late spring and early summer and, except at the higher eleva- tions, produce few flowers, and these smaller than the early ones, after the advent of the dry season. The flowers, and often the herbage, are usually more or less fragrant. PROBABLE AGE AND RELATIONSHIP OF THE GENUS Several of the species are very rare and local, three of them being known only from a single collection. San Luis Obispo County ranks first in the number of endemic or very nearly en- demic species and not one of the widely distributed species is found in that county. Two species, M. foliosus and M. panicu- latus, are known certainly only from northern Baja California. Miss Eastwood (3, p. 188) summed up her conclusions as fol- lows: “The different species of Malvastrum [Malacothamnus] are widely scattered in California and so often isolated that to me it seems to be an old genus once much more abundant here but now declining.’ This conclusion seems justified when ap- plied to the rare and very local species and to M. Fremontii, which has an extensive range but with widely separated stations and very few individuals at each station. On the other hand, M. fasciculatus, in its several forms, is common and sometimes abundant in mainland and insular southern California, from Santa Barbara County to northern Baja California, and has de- veloped several more or less intergrading varieties. These are scarcely characteristics of a waning species. Furthermore, the relative homogeneity of the genus might be considered as an in- dication that it is not a very old one. The phylogeny of the genus is obscure. In the writer’s classi- fication (10), Malacothamnus belongs to the uniovulate group of Subtribe A butilinae of Tribe Malveae, a group which may be conjectured to have descended from some pluriovulate ancestor, such as are most species of Sphaeralcea. The other uniovulate 116 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 6 genera of subtribe Abutilinae are Malvastrum (sensu stricto), Nototriche, Tarasa, and Sidopsis. The first has indehiscent or but slightly dehiscent carpels, whereas in the other three genera the carpels split into two separate valves as in Malacothamnus. It is improbable that any of these four genera as they now exist could have been a direct ancestor of Malacothamnus and it would seem more likely that it derives from some more general- ized form, now extinct and not likely to have been preserved in the geological record. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SPECIES There are two principal groups of closely allied species of Malacothamnus, one typified by M. Fremontii and the other by M. fasciculatus. The first, which includes also M. Howellti, M. Helleri, M. marrubioides, M. orbiculatus, and M. niveus, is char- acterized by suborbicular, shallowly incised carpels and usually by a densely lanate calyx, although in M. marrubioides, and commonly in M. orbiculatus, the calyx is more loosely and less densely pubescent. The group which comprises M. fasciculatus and its varieties and with which may be associated, in various degrees of affinity, M. mendocinensis, M. Hallii, M. arcuatus, and M. Parishit, is characterized by having the calyx closely pubescent or sublepi- dote with very short, many-rayed hairs and often by relatively narrow, usually deeply incised carpels, although M. mendoci- nensis and M. Halli are exceptions as regards the characters of the carpels. . The remaining species show no very close relationship to either of the principal groups, or to one another. Delimitation of several of the species is difficult and numerous specimens are intermediate in their characters. It is suspected that in this, as well as in Sphaeralcea and other genera of Malvaceae, interspe- cific hybridization is not infrequent, but experimental evidence is lacking. KEY TO THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES The key is an artificial one and the position of a species in the key does not necessarily indicate its closest relationship. Un- like the condition in many genera of Malvaceae, the characters APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 117 of the fruit have proved to be of little value in distinguishing the species, most of which are represented in herbaria by very few specimens with mature fruit. In some cases it has been neces- sary to base the description of the carpels upon a single fruiting specimen. As often happens in the Malvaceae (8, p. 19), the fruits are much parasitized by insects. Furthermore, there is often as much variation within the species in the characters of the carpels as in the vegetative and floral characters. The char- acters that have been found to be of greatest diagnostic value are: nature of the pubescence of the herbage and calyx; shape and texture of the leaves; character of the inflorescence; shape and relative length of the bractlets of the involucel; and shape and relative length of the calyx-lobes. 1. Flowers in dense, subcapitate, terminal clusters, these conspicuously in- volucrate with membranous or foliaceous bracts equaling or some- what shorter than the calyces, or a few of the flowers axillary and subterminal (2). 1. Flowers not in dense heads or, if so, then the clusters distributed along the stems and not conspicuously involucrate (3). 2. Bracts oblong-lanceolate; bractlets linear; calyx commonly about 15 mm. long; petals mostly 20-30 mm. long; leaves truncate, subcuneate, or subcordate at base, persistently pubescent or puberulent above...... SE ey edt tr era PRN ea Sola mt a vated matey SURa vate es MA a ein 1. M. Palmeri 2. Bracts oblong to broadly ovate; bractlets oblong-lanceolate; calyx com- monly 10-12 mm. long; petals mostly 15-20 mm. long; leaves usually distinctly cordate at base, glabrous or glabrescent above............ Meee ones nid «SG wits © GN tots © dujers shee 9 la. M. Palmeri var. involucratus 3. Calyx-lobes 4-8 mm. wide at base (exceptionally only 3 mm. in M. pani- culatus) and mostly subcordate, more or less abruptly caudate-acumi- nate, much longer than the turbinate calyx-tube (4). 3. Calyx-lobes seldom more than 3 mm. wide at base, mostly acute or gradually acuminate but more abruptly acuminate in M. Abbottii and often in M. densiflorus and M. marrubioides (6). 4. Bractlets of the involucel broadly lanceolate to deltoid-ovate, often con- nate at base, somewhat shorter than the calyx; leaves subcordate to meeply cordate at hase 4 224 Sess e asin SoS eS 2. M. aboriginum 4. Bractlets subulate or filiform, distinct, 4-34 as long as the calyx; leaves truncate or cuneate at base (5). 5. Leaves rather coarsely dentate; inflorescence narrowly thyrsoid, elongate, very leafy, the glomerules dense, the flowers sessile or subsessile... ... ARRESTS Carey am bidcimews hielgte ele entelds Media cise Rake Gee Dur aMe yn ORIES 5. Leaves crenate or crenulate; inflorescence open-paniculate, the lower branches elongate and racemiform, the flowers mostly long-pedicelled PURE uN ay S/d elon AWE So als ARENA Oo EMR Be ANNE he ererers 4. M. paniculatus 118 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 6 6. Calyx conspicuously and densely white-lanate, the hairs, at least in the bud, more or less concealing the calyx-lobes. Leaves mostly subor- bicular, not or very shallowly lobed; calyx not, or very inconspicu- ously angulate in the bud, the buds nearly globose (7). 6. Calyx not conspicuously and densely lanate, the pubescence sparser, or looser, or the hairs very short (pubescence sublepidote), not conceal- ing the calyx-lobes, or, if the calyx rather densely lanate (sometimes so in M. Jonesii) then the inflorescence very narrow (subracemose) and few-flowered (11). 7. Stems closely white-tomentose with very short hairs; leaves mostly trun- cate or subcuneate at base, rather finely crenate or crenate-dentate (8). 7. Stems more loosely pubescent with longer hairs; leaves mostly cordate at base, coarsely crenate (9). 8. Inflorescence open-paniculate, the lower branches usually elongate and loosely few-flowered, many of the flowers relatively long-pedicelled; carpels conspicuously and broadly stalked, deeply incised; seeds copi- ously papillate-stell@late. .. 2... cece ee esse se as elnda 5. M. niveus 8. Inflorescence thyrsoid-glomerate or, if the lower branches somewhat elongate, then these many-flowered and the flowers short-pedicelled or subsessile; carpels rounded at base, very shallowly incised; seeds GSEVITERY BEEUINTL ALS isielent «in 556 06 4 o nim Pb io << wiaaieiole MS 6. M. Helleri 9. Leaves relatively thin, sparsely to copiously but seldom densely pubes- cent; glomerules usually rather loosely flowered and more or less PENNE G4 Mints as. kn inp ors Ok nae oel ste a ee elain a ei Movie ila 7. M. orbiculatus 9. Leaves thick, velvety-tomentose; glomerules usually dense and subsessile except sometimes in M. Howellii (10). 10. Calyx (6) 7-8 (10) mm. long, the lobes about as long as the tube, deltoid, acute or short-acuminate; inflorescences interrupted-spicate, the glomerules and individual flowers sessile or subsessile.8. M. Fremontii 10. Calyx (8) 9-12 (13) mm. long, the lobes somewhat longer to more than twice as long as the tube, usually deltoid-lanceolate, acuminate (often sharply attenuate-acuminate); inflorescences more open, the glomer- ules often distinctly stalked and more or less racemiform, the flowers POOGELY CCM ate joi5, Ric ci yini ane: « Biaidia& dial BA lone ea sine 9. M. Howellii 11. Calyx and bractlets conspicuously hirsute or villous with long, few- armed (occasionally simple) hairs, the longest arm often 2 mm. or more long (12). 11. Calyx not conspicuously hirsute or villous, the hairs shorter (usually not much more than 1 mm. long) and many-armed (14). 12.Stems conspicuously shaggy-tomentose, the pubescence grayish; leaves angulately 3-5-lobed, deeply cordate at base, bicolored, soft-tomen- tose beneath; inflorescences not conspicuously interrupted; carpels conspicuously stellate at apex with relatively long hairs............. hin) gp eee isles Akin ach wh cnRT oS liebe Meee ahs Mes ap dias e's 10. M. clementinus 12. Stems more closely pubescent, the pubescence yellowish; leaves not lobed or very shallowly so with rounded lobes, truncate, subcuneate, or cordate at base, not noticeably bicolored, not tomentose (usually APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 119 rather sparsely pubescent) beneath; inflorescences conspicuously in- terrupted; carpels minutely or obscurely stellulate (13). 13. Bractlets mostly as long as or longer than the calyx; calyx 10-14 mm. long, the lobes attenuate-acuminate (exceptionally more abruptly acuminate), 2-3 times as long as the tube.......... 11. M. densiflorus 13. Bractlets 14~% as long as the calyx; calyx 7-10 mm. long, the lobes more or less abruptly acuminate from a deltoid-ovate base, somewhat longer than to at least twice as long as the tube............-++--+5+ ROT sie tatclensa eel apis oralieass sie nial ROBT Tes a lla. M. densiflorus var. viscidus 14. Inflorescences very open-paniculate, relatively few-flowered, the branches elongate, slender, somewhat flexuous, ascending-spreading to some- what recurved (15). 14. Inflorescences contracted and short-branched or if open-paniculate and long-branched, then the branches ascending (16). 15. Bractlets broadly subulate, thick, whitish; calyx whitish-lepidote, angu- late and pointed in the bud, 9-11 mm. long, the lobes 2-3 times as long as the tube, rather abruptly acuminate......... 12. M. Abbottii 15. Bractlets narrowly subulate, thin, dark-colored; calyx dark-colored, not angulate in bud, opening before anthesis, 6-7 mm. long, the lobes less than twice as long as the tube, gradually acuminate. 13. M. gracilis 16. Leaves usually distinctly and often somewhat angulately 3-5-lobed (17). 16, Leaves not lobed, or, if shallowly so, then the lobes rounded, exception- ally angulate (23). 17. Petioles and principal leaf-veins very stout; young branches shaggy-to- MINS ESTER aa era's ase euites Verh eolews & 14, M. Davidsonii 17. Petioles and veins relatively slender; young branches closely short-pu- bescent to sublepidote (18). 18.Stems conspicuously angulate and striate; calyx 5-6 mm. long; petals tes Mis Ning oy VE rosea yt estate’ 17. M. mendocinensis 18. Stems terete or nearly so, not conspicuously striate; calyx (5) 6~9 mm. long; petals commonly 15-20 mm. long (19). 19. Inflorescences narrowly thyrsoid-glomerate, the glomerules dense, short- stalked or subsessile or (in M. fasciculatus var. catalinensis) the lower branches sometimes up to 6 cm. long and more loosely flowered; calyx often rather loosely pubescent (subtomentose) with relatively long hairs (20). 19. Inflorescences open-paniculate (at least below), the lower branches often very long and very loosely flowered; calyx closely pubescent (sublepi- dote) with very short hairs (21). 20. Leaves relatively small, the largest blades seldom more than 4 cm. long, usually shallowly lobed and truncate or subcordate at base, seldom conspicuously bicolored; carpels 2.5-3.2 mm. high. .21. M. fasciculatus 20. Leaves relatively large, the blades up to 8 cm. long and wide, commonly deeply lobed and deeply cordate at base, often conspicuously bicol- ored; carpels 3.2-3.8 mm. high. .2]b. M. fasciculatus var. catalinensis 21. Flowers in a many-branched, fastigiate panicle, the ultimate divisions rather rigid, not obviously racemose; calyx 6-7 mm. long........... apeia aiptstel pheltadl 4a h ie lecsla'd antate abit 21d. M. fasciculatus var. nesioticus 120 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 6 21. Flowers in a fewer-branched, more elongate panicle, the ultimate divi- sions commonly racemose; calyx 5-9 mm. long (22). 22. Leaves more or less bicolored, usually distinctly paler and more pubes- cent beneath, subcordate to deeply cordate at base; carpels 2-3 mm. high, nearly as wide, shallowly incised................+--seeeeee é Ets tw reditya helatatere'ay have exclagevenete Antes oxen 2la. M. fasciculatus var. laxiflorus 22. Leaves essentially concolored, both surfaces about equally pale and pubescent, subcuneate to cordate at base; carpels 3-5 mm. high and about % as wide, more or less deeply and often acutely incised...... br tid taht sre stahe cl aeitte t emits afte sSiavers 2lc. M. fasciculatus var. Nuttallii 23. Inflorescences few-flowered, subracemose, the flowers 1-3 (rarely more) at each node. Herbage whitish-pubescent; leaves suborbicular to rhombic-cuneate; carpels usually deeply and acutely incised..... ‘ams Sasol obec Glararo a osak dle @ SAL a taasenetbin atoks tokseeel She Adee, mere ke cetera 19. M. Jonesii 23. Inflorescenses usually many-flowered, thyrsoid-glomerate to openly pan- iculate (24). 24. Calyx and young branches closely pubescent or sublepidote (25). 24. Calyx and young branches loosely pubescent to shaggy-tomentose (26). 25. Leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, not noticeably bicolored; calyx Bs FEN si LON AS uals. htcinccte dia’ sas ph Cad eie nim puretine Wei tan 18. M. Hallii 25. Leaves rhombic-ovate, conspicuously bicolored (whitish beneath); calyx B29 mite, Ty ia bind eRe oan ale win be nets Shania 20. M. Parishii 26. Calyx 5-7 (9) mm. long; leaves usually longer than wide. .16. M. arcuatus 26. Calyx usually more than 7 mm. long; leaves as wide as long or wider (27). 27. Calyx-lobes abruptly short-acuminate; inflorescences conspicuously in- terrupted, the internodes very long. ..lla. M. densiflorus var. viscidus 27. Calyx-lobes acute to gradually acuminate or (in M. marrubioides) some- what abruptly long-acuminate; inflorescences not very conspicuously interrupted, the internodes of moderate length (28). 28. Leaves cordate at base, mostly crenate; calyx not angulate in the bud, the huds subglebose:\'.5 502 ojo cies caine ce ceeiriie ss 7. M. orbiculatus 28. Leaves truncate, cuneate, or subcordate at base, dentate or crenate-den- tate; calyx usually conspicuously angulate and pointed in the bud... Sigh Help eye) sgodein Rie ee haie, wee ceid ie ahem octal aie nme eae 15. M. marrubioides DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES” 1. MALACOTHAMNUS PALMERI (S. Wats.) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malvastrum Palmeri S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 250 (1877). Sphaeralcea Palmeri (S. Wats.) Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 633 (1925). 2The names of herbaria in which the type-specimens are deposited are abbreviated as follows: CA, California Academy of Sciences; G, Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; ND, University of Notre Dame; NY, New York Botanical Garden; Po, Pomona College; St, Stanford University; UC, University of California; US, U. S. National Herbarium. The writer is indebted to the curators of these herbaria for the loan of specimens, and to Mr. John Thomas Howell of the California Academy of Sciences for many helpful suggestions and for aid in field work. : Ae The writer has examined the type, or one or more isotypes. of all species and varieties recognized in this paper, excepting the type of M. orbiculatus (Greene) Greene. An ex- cellent photograph of the latter, obligingly supplied by Prof. Albert L. Delisle of Notre sary University, shows clearly that this species has been interpreted correctly by California otanists. APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 121 Stems up to nearly 2.5 m. high and 6 cm. in diameter, woody below, very leafy, densely rough-pubescent; leaves long-petioled, the blades large, broadly ovate to suborbicular, usually shallowly lobed with rounded lobes, coarsely crenate, truncate, subcuneate, or subcordate at base, obtuse or rounded at apex, thin and plane to thick and rugose, permanently short-pubescent above, the larger veins prominent beneath; flowers in dense, subcapitate, terminal clusters, these conspicuously involucrate with membranous or foliaceous, oblong-lanceolate bracts equaling or somewhat shorter than the calyces; bractlets linear or narrowly lanceolate, shorter than to about equaling the calyx, these and the calyx villous or hirsute with rela- tively few-armed or sometimes simple hairs, the longest arm up to 3 mm. long; calyx commonly 15-20 mm. long, more or less angulate in the bud, the lobes longer than the short tube, deltoid-lanceolate from a broader base, acuminate; petals mostly 20-30 mm. long; carpels up to 4 mm. long and about 34 as wide, distinctly stalked, deeply and rather narrowly incised; seeds 2.5-3 mm. long, rugose-papillate and rather copiously stellulate. Type from Cambria, San Luis Obispo Co. (Palmer 50, in 1876, G).—San Luis Obispo Co., chiefly in the foothills of the Santa Lucia Mountains, reported also from southern Monterey Co., ranging from near sea level to 2000 ft. Malacothamnus Palmeri is very different from all other spe- cies of the genus but is probably related distantly to M. aborigi- num. It is, apparently, more shade-tolerant than any other Malacothamnus. la. Malacothamnus Palmeri var. involucratus (Robins.), comb. nov. Mal- vastrum involucratum Robins. in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 11: 310 (1897). Malvastrum Palmeri var. involucratum (Robins.) McMinn, Man. Calif. Shrubs 339 (1939). Type from Jolon, Monterey Co. (T. S. Brandegee, G), cotype from between Jolon and King City, Monterey Co. (Eastwood, in 1893, CA).—Known from several localities in Monterey Co. and from Cuesta Pass, San Luis Obispo Co. This variety, although intergrading rather freely with typical M. Palmeri, may be distinguished usually by having distinctly cordate leaves, these glabrous or glabrescent above, broader bracts and bractlets, and smaller flowers. The carpels, in the 2 fruiting specimens examined, are not stalked or shortly and broadly stalked. 2. MALACOTHAMNUS ABORIGINUM (Robins.) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malvastrum aboriginum Robins. in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 11: 311 (1897). Sphaeralcea aboriginum (Robins.) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 498 (1936). 122 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 6 Stems up to at least 0.75 m. high, woody below, densely shaggy-tomentose with many-armed hairs; petioles rather stout; blades up to 8 x 12 cm. but mostly much smaller, deltoid-ovate or suborbicular, shallowly to rather deeply 3-lobed, crenate or crenate-dentate, obtuse at apex, shallowly to deeply cordate at base, tomentose on both surfaces, in age thick and rugose; inflorescences spike-like, leafy or nearly naked, the glomerules dense but rather few-flowered, the flowers sessile or subsessile; bractlets broadly lance- olate to deltoid-ovate, subcordate and often somewhat connate at base, shorter than the calyx; calyx 7-9 mm. long, pointed and strongly plicate- angled in the bud, rather sparsely pubescent with very short, many-armed hairs, the lobes much longer than the tube, 5~7 mm. wide at base, abruptly acuminate; carpels 2.5-3 mm. high and about 3% as wide, suborbicular or reniform, barely to conspicuously stalked, very shallowly to rather deeply incised; seeds minutely (often sparsely) papillate-stellulate. Type from Indian Valley, Monterey (?) Co. (M. K. Curran, in 1885, CA)._Known otherwise from several localities in San Benito Co. and from Los Gatos Creek and Alcalde Canyon, western Fresno Co., at altitudes of 700 to 1400 ft. This species, peculiar in the character of the involucel, has a very limited geographical distribution. 3. Malacothamnus foliosus (S. Wats.), comb. nov. Malvastrum foliosum S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 356 (1885). Stems apparently rather stout (height of plant unknown), shaggy-tomen- tose with short, many-armed hairs; petioles short, rather slender; blades suborbicular or broadly ovate, very shallowly angulate-lobed, rather coarsely dentate, acute at apex, strongly cuneate at base, thin, not. rugose, copiously but not densely pubescent on both surfaces; inflorescence interrupted- thyrsoid-glomerate, very leafy to the apex, the lower glomerules more open _ (subracemose), the flowers sessile or short-pedicelled; bractlets filiform, about 1/ as long as the calyx; calyx 12-16 mm. long, pointed and distinctly angulate in the bud, copiously but not densely pubescent with short, many- armed hairs, the lobes about twice as long as the tube, abruptly long- acuminate, 4-5 mm. wide at base; carpels 2.5-3 mm. high, about % as wide, not stalked or shortly and broadly so, very shallowly incised; seeds papillate, minutely stellulate. Type from Santo Tomas, coast of northern Baja California (Orcutt, in 1884, G).—Known definitely only from the type-col- lection. This species was reduced by Gray (5, p. 311) to synonymy under Malvastrum marrubioides Dur. & Hilg. and there is some resemblance in the shape and dentation of the leaves, but M. marrubioides has a less leafy inflorescence and narrower, more APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 123 gradually acuminate calyx-lobes. Wiggins (13), considered it to be more nearly related to Malvastrum densiflorum S. Wats., as did Watson himself, but from the latter, M. foliosus differs in its very leafy inflorescence and broader calyx-lobes, these with shorter hairs. 4. Malacothamnus paniculatus (A. Gray), comb. nov. Malvastrum marru- bioides var. paniculatum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 290 (1887). Malvas- trum paniculatum (A. Gray) Wiggins, Madronio 10: 184 (1950). Plant shrubby, 1-2.5 m. high, the stems densely shaggy-tomentose with yellowish hairs; leaves short-petioled, the blades up to 8 cm. long and nearly as wide, broadly deltoid-ovate, scarcely to shallowly 3-lobed, obtuse or acutish at apex, more or less cuneate at base, coarsely to finely crenate, rather thin, not rugose, copiously pubescent on both surfaces with short, many-armed hairs; inflorescences open-paniculate, the branches up to 30 cm. long, loosely cymose, the flowers mostly on long slender pedicels; bract- lets filiform, about 14 as long as the calyx; calyx 11-15 mm. long, pointed and plicate-angled in the bud, copiously but not densely pubescent with short, many-armed hairs, the lobes about twice as long as the tube, (3) 5-8 mm. wide at the subcordate base, abruptly and sharply long-acuminate; carpels about 2.5 mm. high and nearly as wide, suborbicular, not stalked, moderately incised; seeds papillate-stellulate. Type from Ensenada de Todos Santos, Baja California (Or- cutt, in 1886, G).—Known definitely only from northwestern Baja California, presumably near sea level, although reported by McMinn (11, p. 345) “from the hills bordering Lake Elsinore, Riverside County.” This differs from the other species with wide calyx-lobes in the open-paniculate inflorescence and the mostly long-pedi- celled flowers. 5. Malacothamnus niveus (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum fragrans Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 218 (1936), non Gray & Harv. Malvastrum niveum Eastw., ibid. p. 232. Malvastrum Fremontii var. niveum (Eastw.) McMinn, Man. Calif. Shrubs 343 (1939). A rather small shrub, the stems densely and closely white-tomentose (sublepidote) with very short hairs; leaves relatively small, the blades up to 4 x 4 cm., broadly deltoid-ovate or suborbicular, very shallowly 3-lobed, shallowly crenate or crenate-dentate, rounded at apex, truncate, subcuneate, or subcordate at base, rather thick, soft-tomentose on both surfaces; inflor- escences paniculate, usually open and relatively few-flowered, the longest branchlets usually 4-5 cm. long, the flowers 1-4 on the branchlets, short- to rather long-pedicelled; bractlets subulate (exceptionally filiform), 44-34 as long as the calyx, dark-colored; calyx (6) 7-8 (12) mm. long, densely white- lanate (the longest hairs mostly about 1 mm. long), the lobes as long as to 124 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 6 nearly twice as long as the tube, mostly deltoid-ovate or deltoid-lanceolate, acutish to short-acuminate, 2-3 mm. wide at base; petals up to 2 cm. long; carpels 2.5-3 mm. high and nearly as wide, conspicuously and broadly stalked, deeply incised; seeds copiously papillate-stellulate. Type from El Dorado School near Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo Co. (M. E. Wall, in 1933, CA).—Known from several lo- calities in San Luis Obispo Co., where apparently not infre- quent, and from Tepusquet Canyon, Santa Barbara (?) Co., in washes, at elevations of 1300 to 1500 ft. One of the handsomest species of the genus, with large, fra- grant flowers. Although relationship to M. Fremontii is indi- cated by the white-woolly calyx, M. niveus is very different in the character of the leaves and inflorescences. The dark-colored bractlets contrast conspicuously with the calyx. 6. Malacothamnus Helleri (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum Helleri Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 217 (1936). Sphaeralcea Fremontii var. exfibulosa Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 500 (1936). Malvastrum Fremontii var. Helleri (Eastw.) McMinn, Man. Calif. Shrubs 341 (1939). A much-branched shrub 1 m. high or higher, the younger branches densely and closely pubescent with very short, many-armed hairs; leaves mostly small, suborbicular-deltoid, not lobed or obscurely so, finely to rather coarsely crenate-dentate, very obtuse to acutish at apex, truncate, subcor- date, or subcuneate at base, thickish, the veins prominent beneath; inflores- cences many-flowered, narrow, with dense subsessile glomerules, or more openly paniculate with racemiform branchlets up to 6 cm. long; bractlets subulate or filiform, 14-34 as long as the calyx; calyx (5) 6-8 mm. long, densely white-woolly, (the longest hairs up to 1.3 mm. long), the lobes about as long (exceptionally nearly twice as long) as the tube, deltoid, acute, 2-3 mm. wide at base; carpels 2.5 mm. high and nearly as wide, suborbicular, rounded at base, very shallowly incised; seeds obscurely stellulate. Type of M. Helleri from Lodoga, Colusa Co., but labelled as from “near Ladoga, Lake County” (Heller 13242, CA), type of S. Fremontti var. exfibulosa from “Putah Creek, in gravel bed, near Winters,” Yolo Co., (Jepson 16741).—Known also from near Lower Lake, Lake Co., and Capay Valley, Yolo Co. The type grew in the Quercus Douglasii belt with “Ceanothus, Aden- ostoma, and Toxicodendron.” In the herbarium of the Califor- nia Academy there are specimens of M. Helleri purporting to have been collected in Sespe Gorge, Ventura Co., but it is highly improbable that they were collected so far to the south. The white-woolly calyx indicates relationship to M. Fre- APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 125 montit, but the close pubescence of the herbage and the shape of the leaves sufficiently distinguish M. Helleri. From M. niveus the characters given in the key afford ample distinction. 7. MALACOTHAMNUS ORBICULATUS (Greene) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malvastrum orbiculatum Greene, FI. Francisc. 109 (1891). Malvastrum Fremontii var. orbiculatum (Greene) Johnst., Pl. World 22: 109 (1919). Sphaeralcea orbiculata (Greene) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 499 (1936). Plant shrubby or the stems often herbaceous or nearly so above the cau- dex, up to about 2 m. high, the rather stout branches densely but rather loosely pubescent (more or less shaggy); leaves rather large, the petioles mostly short and stout, the blades up to 8 cm. long and wide, suborbicular or reniform (wider than long), nearly entire to shallowly 3-5-lobed, mostly crenate (often coarsely so), rounded or truncate at apex, subcordate to deeply cordate at base, thin, more or less copiously but not densely stellate on both surfaces, only the larger veins prominent beneath; inflorescences narrow, elongate, leafy only at base, the longest branchlets up to 10 cm. long but usually much shorter, the glomerules often rather loosely flowered or shortly racemose, the flowers subsessile or short-pedicelled; bractlets subulate or filiform, 144-34 as long as the calyx; calyx 7-10 (14) mm. long, woolly or (commonly) more loosely and sparsely pubescent (the longest hairs up to 2 mm. long, but usually shorter), the lobes about as long as to 2.5 (commonly at least 1.5) times as long as the tube, deltoid or deltoid- lanceolate, acute to sharply attenuate-acuminate, 1.5-3 (rarely 4) mm. wide at base; carpels 2.2-3.2 mm. high and nearly as wide, ovate to suborbicular, not or shortly stalked, very slightly to rather deeply incised; seeds sparsely to copiously stellulate and often papillate. Type from “mountains south of Tehachapi,” Kern (?) Co., (Greene, in 1889, ND).—Mountains of northern Ventura, Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Inyo counties, especially abundant on the northern slopes of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountains and the eastern slopes of the Sierra Ne- vada, at elevations of (2770) 4000 to 9000 ft., attaining higher altitudes than any other species of Malacothamnus. The plant ascends to the pine belt (ponderosa and Jeffrey pines). West of Independence, Inyo County, it occurs as widely scattered indi- viduals in very open chaparral of Arctostaphylos, Castanopsis, Ceanothus, etc., at elevations of 7000 to 8500 ft. These plants were small, less than 1 m. high, with stems entirely herbaceous above the woody caudex. Malacothamnus orbiculatus is the most difficult species of the genus to define satisfactorily. It is related on the one hand to M. Fremontii‘and on the other to M. marrubioides. It differs 126 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 6 from the former chiefly in the relatively thin and rather sparsely pubescent leaves. The calyx also is usually more sparsely pubes- cent than in M. Fremontii and the geographical distributions apparently do not overlap, M. Fremontii not being known from farther south than Tulare Co. and being a plant of usually much lower altitudes. As compared with M. marrubioides, M. orbicu- latus is distinguished by its larger, cordate, crenate leaves. 8. MALACOTHAMNUS Fremontil (Torr.) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malvastrum Fremontii Torr. ex A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. ser. 2, 4: 21 (1849). Sphaeralcea Fremontii (Torr.) Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 633 (1925). A straggling shrub up to about 3 m. high, herbaceous above, the stout young stems densely shaggy-tomentose with rather long, many-armed hairs; petioles short and stout; blades suborbicular or reniform (wider than long), up to 6 x 7 cm., not lobed or very shallowly lobed with rounded lobes, . coarsely crenate, mostly rounded at apex, more or less cordate (or the upper ones truncate) at base, thick, velvety-tomentose on both surfaces, the principal veins usually stout, prominent beneath; inflorescences nar- row, interrupted, leafy only toward base, the glomerules dense, sessile or nearly so, the flowers sessile or subsessile; bractlets subulate or filiform, mostly 14-% as long as the calyx; calyx (6) 7-8 (10) mm. long, conspicuously and densely white-lanate, the pubescence almost concealing the lobes at least in the (nearly globose) buds, the hairs many-armed, seldom more than 1.5 mm. long, the lobes in anthesis about as long as the tube, deltoid, acute or (exceptionally) short-acuminate, 2-3 (4) mm. wide at base; petals up to 18 mm. long; carpels 2.5 to nearly 4 mm. long, averaging %4—% as wide, suborbicular or obovate, rounded at base to distinctly stalked, shallowly (seldom deeply) incised; seeds papillate-stellulate. Type from “interior of California” (Frémont, in 1846, NY).8 —Western foothills of the Sierra Nevada from (Placer?) Amador Co. to Tulare Co., with outlying stations in the Yollo Bolly foot- hills, Tehama Co., and at North Butte, Sutter Co., ranging from (200?) 500 to 2500 ft. Although having a rather extensive geo- graphical distribution, M. Fremontti apparently is nowhere common, the plants occurring singly or in very small colonies at each station. Near Springville, Tulare Co., it grew in associa- tion with Quercus Wislizeni, Rhus diversiloba, Ertodictyon sp., Lupinus albifrons, Diplacus sp., etc. 9. Malacothamnus Howellii (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum Fremontii var. cercophorum Robins. in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer, 11: 311 (1897). 3“Fremont probably collected the type specimens on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, along the American Fork of the Sacramento River’ (F. V. Coville, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 73). APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 127 Sphaeralcea Fremontii var. cercophora Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 634 (1925). Malvastrum Howellii Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 220 (1936). Malvastrum Howellii var. cordatum Eastw., ibid. Inflorescences more or less expanded, the longest branchlets up to 10 cm. long, the glomerules usually distinctly stalked and often racemiform, the flowers mostly short-pedicelled; bractlets 34 as long as to about equaling the calyx, subulate or filiform; calyx (8) 9-12 (16) mm. long, densely lanate, the hairs up to 2 mm. long, the lobes somewhat longer than to more than twice as long as the tube, usually deltoid-lanceolate, acuminate, often sharply attenuate-acuminate. Similar in other characters to M. Fremontii. Type from Nortonville, Contra Costa Co. (J. T. Howell 6470, CA), type of var. cordatum from Junto del Puerto Canyon, west- ern Stanislaus Co. (C. Dudley, in 1935, CA), type of M. Fre- monti var. cercophorum from Arroyo del Valle, Alameda Co. (Greene, in 1895, UC).—Contra Costa, Alameda, eastern Santa Clara, and western Stanislaus counties, also Swiss Ranch, Cala- veras Co., and Bissett’s Ranch, Madera Co., centered principally on and near Mount Diablo and on the east side of the Mount Hamilton Range, ranging from 500 to 3500 (4300?) ft. At Nor- tonville, the type-locality of M. Howellit, the plants were asso- ciated with Adenostoma, Artemisia californica, Salvia mellifera, Dendromecon, etc. Although there is some intergradation with M. Fremontii, the more open inflorescences and the larger, much more deeply cleft calyx together with the mainly different geographical dis- tribution, seem to warrant recognition of M. Howellii as a spe- cies. The herbage and flowers are fragrant, as is also the case in M. Fremontii. 10. Malacothamnus clementinus (Munz & Johnst.), comb. nov. Malvas- trum clementinum Munz & Johnst., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 51: 296 (1924). Sphaeralcea orbiculata (Greene) Jeps. var. clementina (Munz & Johnst.) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 499 (1936). A rounded shrub up to 1 m. high with numerous ascending branches, these shaggy-tomentose when young with rather long, many-armed hairs; petioles short and rather stout; blades up to 5 cm. long, somewhat wider than long, rather deeply and somewhat angulately 5-lobed, rather deeply crenate with numerous teeth, acutish at apex, cordate at base with a broad or rather narrow sinus, thin, bright green above, pale beneath, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent above, copiously but not very densely pubescent beneath with both very short and longer hairs, not prominently reticulate beneath; inflorescences thyrsoid-glomerate, not conspicuously interrupted, leafy only at base, the glomerules dense, sessile or nearly so, the flowers 128 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 6 sessile or subsessile; bractlets filiform, about 34 as long as the calyx, villous; calyx 7-9 mm. long, not angulate in the bud, densely villous (especially the tube) with relatively few-armed hairs up to 2 ‘mm. long, the lobes about as long as to twice as long as the tube, deltoid-lanceolate, gradually and sharply acuminate, 2-2.5 mm. wide at base; petals about 15 mm. long, the claws conspicuously ciliate; mature fruit not seen but the carpels described as 2.5-3 mm. high and stellate-tomentose at apex (Munz & Johnst., ibid.). Type from Lemon Tank, San Clemente Island (P. A. Munz 6684, Po).-Known only from the type-locality, where it is ap- parently very rare, growing at the “base of rocky walls in a deep canyon on the northeast side of the island” (Estes, p. 85). This strikingly handsome and very distinct species is not closely related to any other, although, as the authors of the species suggested, it may have some affinity with M. fasciculatus. It differs from all forms of that species in the long-hairy calyx and other characters. To M. densiflorus, with which it is asso- ciated in the key on account of the long calyx-hairs, it has no near affinity. 11. MALACOTHAMNUS DENSIFLORUS (S. Wats.) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malvastrum densiflorum S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 368 (1882). Malvastrum densiflorum var. typicum Estes, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 24: 85 (1925). Sphaeralcea densiflora (S. Wats.) Jeps., Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 633 (1925). Stems erect, woody below, up to 2 (3?) m. high; herbage yellowish-pubes- cent with stellate hairs and obscurely granular-puberulent; leaves rather small, seldom more than 4 cm. long, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, broadly ovate, rounded to acutish at apex, subcuneate, truncate, or subcordate at base, shallowly crenate or dentate, thin or thickish, not conspicuously reticulate beneath; inflorescences spike-like, conspicuously interrupted (the internodes elongate), naked or nearly so, the glomerules dense, sessile or subsessile, the flowers sessile or short-pedicelled; bractlets filiform, equaling or longer than the calyx, hirsute-ciliate; calyx 10-14 mm. long, hirsute with few-armed or simple hairs, these 2-3 mm. long, the calyx-lobes 2-3 times as long as the strongly ribbed tube, lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, 2-3 mm. wide at base; carpels 2.2-2.8 mm. high, about 44 as wide, suborbicular, oval, or ovate, not stalked or very slightly so, shallowly incised; seeds minutely papillate-stellulate. Types from the San Jacinto Mountains, Riverside Co. (Parish Bros. 738, W. G. Wright, in 1881, G).—Santa Ana and San Ja- cinto mountains, Riverside Co., to northern Baja California, 1000 to 3000 (4000?) ft. APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 129 McMinn (11, p. 345) considered M. densiflorus “identical to M. marrubioides D. & H.,” but although these species super- ficially resemble each other, M. densiflorus differs from M. mar- rubioides in the longer, more interrupted inflorescence, denser glomerules, and much longer calyx-hairs, as well as in geograph- ical distribution. lla. Malacothamnus densiflorus var. viscidus (Abrams), comb. nov. Mal- vastrum viscidum Abrams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34: 264 (1907). Malvastrum densiflorum var. viscidum (Abrams) Estes, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 24: 85 (1925). Sphaeralcea densiflora var. viscida (Abrams) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 498 (1936). Malvastrum marrubioides var. viscidum (Abrams) McMinn, Man. Calif. Shrubs 345 (1939). Type from El] Nido, San Diego Co. (L. Abrams 3528, St).—San Diego Co. and northern Baja California, from near sea level to 3000 ft., apparently commoner than typical M. densiflorus. This variety differs usually from the species in its more deeply cordate leaves, relatively short bractlets (not more than 2% as long as the calyx), and smaller calyx (7-10 mm. long) with deltoid-ovate, more abruptly acuminate lobes and often shorter hairs. Intergradation with typical M. densiflorus is complete, however, and specimens of more or less intermediate character are about as numerous as specimens of the typical phase and of var. viscidus. Occasional specimens of var. viscidus, as was noted by Fosberg, have the calyx-lobes glabrous except toward the margin. According to Estes (4, p. 86) the plant is similar in habit and habitat to typical M. densiflorus, being “a slender open shrub 6-8 feet high.” 12. Malacothamnus Abbottii (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum Abbottii Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 215 (1936). “An erect shrub 3 to 6 feet high, with white-tomentose herbage” (11, p. 349); stems densely and closely stellate (sublepidote) with very short hairs; leaves up to 6 cm. long and very nearly as wide, scarcely lobed, rounded at apex, truncate or subcordate at base, coarsely crenate with broad rounded teeth, thickish, prominently reticulate beneath; inflorescence very open, with slender, more or less flexuous branchlets often 15 cm. long or longer, the flowers cymosely or racemosely disposed, mostly distinctly pedicelled; bractlets 14-96 as long as the calyx, broadly subulate, thick, whitish; calyx 9-11 mm. long, angulate and pointed in the bud, whitish-lepidote, the lobes 2-8 times as long as the tube, sharply and somewhat abruptly acumi- nate, about 3 mm. wide at base; petals 15-20 mm. long; mature fruit un- known. 130 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. vI, No. 6 Type from “among willows on the Salinas River, Monterey Co.” (E. K. Abbott, in 1889, CA).—An exceptionally handsome, large-flowered species, apparently known only from the type- collection. 13. Malacothamnus gracilis (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum gracile Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 219 (1936). An erect, rather slender-branched shrub 1-2 m. high; young stems densely and closely whitish-stellate (sublepidote); leaves slender-petioled, the blades small (less than 3 cm. long and wide, so far as known), broadly deltoid- ovate, very shallowly lobed, crenate, very obtuse at apex, truncate or sub- cuneate at base, thickish, rather prominently reticulate beneath; inflores- cence a very open, relatively few-flowered panicle with slender, more or less flexuous branchlets up to 8 cm. long, the flowers cymosely or racemosely disposed, mostly distinctly pedicelled; bractlets about 14 as long as the calyx, narrowly subulate, thin, dark-colored; calyx 6-7 mm. long, not angu- late in the bud, opening before anthesis, dark-colored, the lobes less than twice as long as the tube, gradually acuminate, not more than 2.5 mm. wide at base; petals 15-20 mm. long; carpels 3 mm. high and about % as wide, broadly short-stalked, shallowly incised; seeds stellulate in patches. Type from between Arroyo Grande and Huasna, San Luis Obispo Co. (Eastwood 14996, CA).—Apparently known only from the type-collection and one from Arroyo Grande (R. F. Hoover 7905). This beautiful and rare plant is evidently related to M. Ab- botti but is readily distinguishable by the characters given in the key. It seems to be unique in the dark color and early open- ing of the calyx. 14, MALACOTHAMNUs Davipsoni (Robins.) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malvastrum Davidsonii Robins. in Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 11: 312 (1897). Sphaeralcea Davidsonii (Robins.) Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 634 (1925). A large shrub up to 5 m. high, with stout, shaggy-tomentose branches; petioles very stout; blades very large, up to 9 x 11 cm., mostly wider than long, usually deeply and often angulately 3-5-lobed, crenate or crenulate, rounded to acutish at apex, deeply cordate at base, thick, velvety-tomentose on both surfaces, the principal veins very stout and prominent beneath; inflorescences paniculate, mostly narrowly so, commonly leafy, the ultimate branchlets short and stout, several- to many-flowered, the flowers more or less racemosely disposed, mostly short-pedicelled; bractlets less than 14 as long as the calyx, subulate; calyx 6-9 mm. long, copiously but rather loosely pubescent with many-armed hairs, slightly angulate in the bud, the lobes about equaling to twice as long as the tube, deltoid, acute or short-acumi- nate, 2-3 mm. wide at base, the margins white-lanate; carpels 2.5-3.5 mm. high and 24-4 as wide, asymmetrically ovate, distinctly stalked, moderately to rather deeply incised. APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 131 Type from San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles Co. (A. David- son, in 1895, G).—Los Angeles Co., especially in and near the San Fernando Valley, where apparently rather common, re- ported by Estes (4) also from Ojai Valley, Ventura Co., up to 1000 (1500?) ft., along washes and on dry slopes. An apparently very local species, M. Davidsonii is notable in having thick, velvety-tomentose leaves (as in M. Fremontit) that are also rather deeply and angulately lobed (as is often the case in M. fasciculatus). Hybridization with the latter (var. laxt- florus) may occur, a collection in Pacoima Wash, Los Angeles Co. (J. T. Howell 5169, in part) being nearly intermediate in its characters. 15. MALACOTHAMNUS MARRUBIOIDES (Dur. & Hilg.) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malvastrum marrubioides Dur. & Hilg., Jour. Acad. Phila. ser. 2, 3: 38 (1855). Malvastrum gabrielense Munz & Johnst., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 52: 223 (1925). Sphaeralcea densiflora var. gabrielensis (Munz & Johnst.) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 498 (1936). Plant shrubby, up to about 2 m. high, the branches rather slender, densely but not closely stellate-tomentose when young; leaves (so far as known) slender-petioled, the blades rather small, usually not more than 4 cm. long and wide, suborbicular-deltoid, not or obscurely lobed, dentate or crenate- dentate, mostly acute at apex, truncate or subcordate at base, thickish, some- what prominently reticulate beneath, copiously but not densely pubescent on both surfaces with short, many-armed hairs; inflorescences interrupted- thyrsoid-glomerate, usually short, leafy nearly to the apex or naked except at base, the glomerules few-flowered, sessile or short-stalked, the flowers sessile or short-pedicelled; bractlets 14 as long as to nearly equaling the calyx, subulate or filiform; calyx 9-12 mm. long, more or less pointed and angulate in the bud, loosely short-pubescent with many-armed hairs (the longest arm scarcely more than 1 mm. long), the lobes 1.5-3 times as long as the tube, lanceolate or lance-ovate, somewhat abruptly and sharply long- acuminate, 2-3 (4) mm. wide at base; carpels 2.5-3.5 mm. high and usually nearly as wide, obovate to nearly orbicular, truncate or rounded (excep- tionally distinctly stalked) at base, shallowly (seldom rather deeply) incised; seeds copiously papillate-stellulate. Type of M. marrubioides from Fort Miller (Millerton), Ma- dera or Fresno Co. (Heermann, in 1853, isotypes G, US), type of M. gabrielense from “Arraster” (Arrastre Creek?) north slope of the San Gabriel Mountains, Los Angeles Co. (F. W. Peirson 774, Po).—The site of Fort Miller or Millerton is now within the Friant Reservoir and the species has not been collected since so far to the north. It is known from the mountains of Kern, Ven- 132 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. v1, No. 6 tura, and Los Angeles counties, 1500 to 7000 ft., but apparently is quite rare. A specimen in the herbarium of the University of California (K. Curran, in 1885), labelled as from Livermore, Alameda Co., was almost certainly collected much farther south. Jepson (7, p. 500) reduced M. marrubioides to synonymy under Sphaeralcea [Malacothamnus] Fremontit, but it is readily distinguished from that species by its smaller, dentate rather than crenate, less tomentose leaves and less densely pubescent calyx. Also, according to J. T. Howell, who collected the plant in the Tehachapi Mountains, it lacks the characteristic fra- grance of M. Fremontit. Although superficially resembling M. densiflorus, the nearest relative of M. marrubioides seems to be M. orbiculatus, which differs in its larger, thinner, cordate, crenate leaves and looser inflorescences. Specimens from Mt. Pinos, Alamo Peak, and Sespe Gorge, Ventura Co., however, approach M. orbiculatus in their looser, longer-stalked inflor- escences. They tend also to have a smaller and less deeply cleft calyx with more gradually acuminate lobes than in typical M. marrubioides. 16. MALACOTHAMNUS ARCUATUS (Greene) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malveopsis arcuata Greene, Man. Reg. S. F. Bay 66 (1894). Malvas- trum arcuatum (Greene) Robins. in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 11: 311 (1897). Sphaeralcea arcuata (Greene) Arthur, Torreya 21: 11 (1921). Stems up to 2 m. high, woody below, stout, copiously and loosely stellate- tomentose (more or less shaggy) with many-armed hairs; leaves suborbicular to rhombic-ovate, up to 6 cm. long, usually longer than wide, very shal- lowly 3-5-lobed (the lobes rounded to somewhat angulate), rounded to acutish at apex, subcuneate, truncate, or subcordate at base, coarsely crenate to rather finely crenate-dentate, sparsely to copiously but not densely pubescent on both surfaces, usually thin and plane but sometimes thickish and prominently rugose-reticulate beneath; inflorescences elon- gate, narrow, interrupted-thyrsoid-glomerate, usually naked except at base, the glomerules dense, few- to many-flowered, sessile or nearly so, the flowers sessile or subsessile; bractlets 14-24 as long as the calyx, subulate; calyx 5-7 (9) mm. long, not angulate in bud, rather sparsely to copiously but not densely pubescent with short, many-armed hairs, the lobes deltoid, acute, about as long as the tube; carpels about 3 mm. high and nearly % as wide, obovate, more or less stalked, very shallowly to rather deeply incised, copi- ously stellulate apically and for a short distance ventrally and dorsally; seeds (always?) papillate-stellulate and somewhat rugose. Type from the “Coast Range back of Belmont,” San Mateo Co. (E. L. Greene, in 1886, UC?).—San Mateo, Santa Clara, and APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 133 Santa Cruz counties, apparently rather common on the eastern side of the Outer Coast Range, up to about 800 ft., slopes, can- yons and bottom lands. A specimen in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences (Eastwood 4925), labelled as from Duarte, Los Angeles Co., seems to be typical M. arcuatus, but it is highly improbable that the species extends so far to the south. This species is quite variable in its vegetative characters, the variation probably due largely to differences in habitat. Al- though it is placed next to M. marrubioides in the key, its near- est relative is probably M. Hallii, which, in turn, seems to be allied to M. fasciculatus. In fact the inflorescences of M. arcuatus are strikingly like those of M. fasciculatus. In its less woody habit, obscurely lobed leaves, and more loosely pubescent stems and calyx, M. arcuatus differs, however, from all forms of M. fasciculatus. What appears to be a form of M. arcuatus, with smaller and more rounded leaves, was collected on Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz Co. (Bond, in 1928) at the unusual elevation of 3500 ft. 17. Malacothamnus mendocinensis (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum men- docinense Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 188 (1939). Plant woody below, up to 2 m. high; stems erect, rather stout, striate-angu- late, very closely short-pubescent (sublepidote); leaves short-petioled, the blades up to 5 cm. long and wide, ovate to suborbicular, shallowly to rather deeply and somewhat angulately 3-5-lobed, shallowly crenate, rounded at apex, cordate (often deeply so) at base, thickish, copiously and minutely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; inflorescences elongate, leafy at least below, narrowly paniculate, the short, loosely flowered branchlets stiffly ascending, the flowers mostly short-pedicelled; bractlets barely 4% as long as the calyx, subulate, thickish; calyx 5-6 mm. long, somewhat angulate in bud, densely sublepidote with extremely short, many-armed hairs, the broadly deltoid, acutish lobes equaling or somewhat shorter than the tube; petals 10-12 mm. long; carpels about 2.2 mm. high and very nearly as wide, not stalked, barely incised. Types from 5 ‘miles southwest of Ukiah, Mendocino Co., about 700 ft., “on a bank alongside the road” (Eastwood & How- ell 4582, 6092, CA).—Known only from the type-locality or very near it. An extremely rare and local species, apparently the only rep- resentative of the genus in Mendocino Co. It is the smallest- flowered of all Malacothamni. It seems to belong to the M. ® 134 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. v1, NO. 6 fasciculatus group and is probably most nearly related to M. Hallii, from which it differs in its less woody habit, conspicu- ously striate-angulate stems, shorter bractlets, and smaller corollas. 18. Malacothamnus Hallii (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum Hallii Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 216 (1936). Sphaeralcea fasciculata var. Elmeri Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 501 (1936). A very woody shrub with stout, straggling to suberect stems up to 3 m. long; herbage densely and closely pubescent (sublepidote); leaves rather long-petioled, the blades up to 7 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, broadly ovate to suborbicular, shallowly 3-5-lobed with rounded (rarely somewhat angulate) lobes, coarsely to rather finely crenate, rounded (seldom acutish) at apex, deeply cordate to subcordate at base, thin and plane to thick and rugose with veins prominent beneath; inflorescences narrowly thyrsoid-glomerate with subsessile glomerules, or more openly paniculate with the longest branchlets up to 10 cm. long, the flowers mostly pedicelled; bractlets about 4 as long as the calyx, subulate or filiform; calyx 5-6 mm. long, not angu- late in the bud, densely pubescent with very short, many-armed hairs, the lobes deltoid-ovate, acute or acutish, about as long as the tube; petals 15-17 mm. long; carpels 2-3 mm. high and about 34 as wide, not to distinctly stalked, very shallowly (rarely somewhat deeply) incised, sparsely to densely stellulate apically and subapically; seeds papillate-stellulate and often some- what rugose. Type of M. Hallii from Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co. (Hall & Essig 10131, CA), type of S. fasciculata var. Elmeri also from Mt. Diablo (Elmer 4395, Jepson Herbarium?). — Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., and Mt. Hamilton Range, Santa Clara and Merced counties, mostly on the western slopes of this range but extending 2 miles east of the summit of Pacheco Pass, 250 to 1200 ft. It usually grows in association with Adenostoma, Arte- misia californica, and Salvia mellifera. Malacothamnus Halli is related to M. fasciculatus. It was treated as a variety of the latter by Jepson (ibid., as Sphaeralcea) and was reduced to synonymy under Malvastrum fasciculatum var. laxiflorum by McMinn (11, p. 348), although the inflores- cences are sometimes as narrowly thyrsoid-glomerate as in typ- ical M. fasciculatus. The great variability of M. Hallit makes it impossible to draw a sharp line between it and M. fasciculatus, but in general it has more shallowly lobed leaves and smaller calyces. In view of the wide geographical separation of the two species, no form of M. fasciculatus being known from farther APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 135 north than Santa Barbara Co., the writer considers it expedient to maintain M. Hallii as a species. Specimens from the Mt. Hamilton Range tend to have more contracted inflorescences and more distinctly stalked carpels than those from Mt. Diablo. An unusual specimen, apparently a shade form, with large, thin, coarsely dentate, more or less cuneate leaves, a very open inflorescence, and a deeply cleft calyx with acuminate lobes, was collected at the base of Mt. Diablo (Rattan, in 1903). 19, Malacothamnus Jonesii (Munz), comb. nov. Malvastrum Jonesii Munz, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 24: 88 (1925). Sphaeralcea fasciculata var. Jonesii (Munz) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 501 (1936). Malvastrum Dudleyi Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 218 (1936). An (apparently) small shrub with nearly erect branches; herbage densely and closely whitish-tomentose (sublepidote) with very short, many-armed hairs; leaves slender-petioled, the blades up to 4.5 cm. long and nearly as wide, suborbicular to rhombic-ovate, obscurely 3—5-lobed, coarsely and ir- regularly crenate or crenate-dentate, rounded to acutish at apex, truncate, cuneate, or very slightly subcordate at base, thickish, slender-veined; inflor- escences racemiform or very narrowly paniculate, few-flowered, the flowers 1-3 (rarely more) at each node, mostly distinctly pedicelled; bractlets 4-14 (exceptionally 24) as long as the calyx, subulate; calyx 6-8 mm. long, sublepidote to copiously but not very densely tomentose with short many- armed hairs, the lobes deltoid or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acutish, slightly to considerably longer than the tube, 2-3 mm. wide at base; carpels about 3 mm. high and nearly as wide, not to conspicuously stalked, usually deeply and acutely incised, sparsely stellulate apically-ventrally; seeds papillate- stellulate. Type of M. Jonesii from Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo Co. (M. E. Jones 223, Po), type of M. Dudley: from Fern Canyon 2 miles west of Paso Robles (C. Dudley, in 1929, CA).—Known only from San Luis Obispo Co. (and southern Monterey Co.?) where it has been collected also in the Santa Lucia Mountains and near Atascadero. This insufficiently known species shows some affinity to M. fasciculatus although, in the occasionally somewhat woolly calyx, it resembles members of the M. Fremontii group, especi- ally M. niveus, which has much the same geographical distribu- tion. It is unique in its greatly reduced inflorescences. The type of M. Dudley: differs from the type of M. Jonesii in its cuneate- flabelliform leaves and more deeply cleft calyx, but the two seem to be conspecific. 136 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 6 20. Malacothamnus Parishii (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum Parishii Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 216 (1936). Apparently a shrub, with erect branches, the younger stems very densely lepidote with minute, many-armed hairs, the pubescence apparently yel- lowish; leaves slender-petioled, the blades rhombic-ovate, up to 6.5 x 5.5 cm., very shallowly and obtusely 3-lobed, coarsely crenate, obtuse to acutish at apex, cuneate at base, thickish, green and glabrescent above, densely whitish- lepidote beneath, the veins prominent beneath; inflorescence a very open and rather few-flowered panicle with ascending branchlets (the lower ones elon- gate), nearly naked (the floral leaves much reduced), the flowers racemosely disposed on the branchlets, short-pedicelled; bractlets 144-14 as long as the calyx, subulate; calyx 8-9 mm. long, angulate and pointed in bud, densely sublepidote with many-armed hairs, the lobes about twice as long as the tube, deltoid-lanceolate, very acute; petals about 15 mm. long; carpels (im- mature) about 3 mm. long and % as wide, conspicuously stalked, shallowly incised, stellulate at apex; seeds papillate-stellulate. Type from near San Bernardino, San Bernardino Co., 1000 to 1500 ft. (S. B. Parish 3804, in 1895, CA).—Known only from the type-collection. The material available is too scanty to permit a final conclu- sion as to the status of this plant. It is very similar to M. fasct- culatus var. laxiflorus in characters of the inflorescence, flowers, and fruit but differs markedly in leaf-shape from any specimen of the M. fasciculatus complex that the writer has seen. Also the flower-buds are more angulate and pointed than is usual in M. fasciculatus and its varieties. 21. MALACOTHAMNUS FASCICULATUS (Nutt.) Greene, Leafl. Bot. Obs. 1: 208 (1906). Malva fasciculata Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 225 (1838). Malvastrum Thurberi A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. ser. 2, 5: 307 (1855). Mal- vastrum fasciculatum (Nutt.) Greene, Fl. Francisc. 108 (1891). Sphaeralcea fasciculata (Nutt.) Arthur, Torreya 21: 11 (1921). Malvastrum fasciculatum var. typicum Estes, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 24: 83 (1925). Plant shrubby, up to 5 m. high, with long, relatively slender, ascending branches, these when young densely and usually closely sublepidote with many-armed hairs; leaves slender-petioled, the blades up to about 4 cm. long and wide, broadly ovate or suborbicular, usually distinctly and some- what angulately but not deeply 3-5-lobed, crenate or dentate, rounded to acutish at apex, truncate or shallowly cordate at base, thin or thickish, copi- ously stellulate or sublepidote on both surfaces with many-armed hairs or glabrescent above, paler beneath; inflorescences elongate, leafy or nearly naked, interrupted-thyrsoid-glomerate, the glomerules often dense, subses- sile, and many-flowered but sometimes rather loose, short-stalked, and fewer-flowered, the flowers sessile or short-pedicelled; bractlets 44-14 as long as the calyx, subulate; calyx 6-8 mm. long, not or but slightly angulate APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 137 in bud, densely to rather loosely subtomentose or sublepidote with short, many-armed hairs, the lobes broadly deltoid, acute or acutish, shorter than to about equaling the tube, 2-3 mm. wide at base; petals up to about 20 mm. long; carpels 2.5-3.2 mm. high and averaging about 4% as wide, mostly conspicuously stalked and deeply incised; seeds papillate-stellulate and often rugose. Type of Malva fasciculata labelled as from Santa Barbara but probably collected at San Diego (Nuttall, isotype?, G), type of Malvastrum Thurberi labelled, as from Santa Cruz, Sonora (Thurber, G) but this surely is an error as to locality—Los An- geles Co. and southwestern San Bernardino Co. to northern Baja California, common and locally abundant, mostly near the coast at low elevations but reported to range eastward as far as the San Bernardino and Santa Rosa mountains. The occur- rence of typical M. fasciculatus as far north as Santa Barbara is doubtful. In M. fasciculatus and its varieties some of the calyx-lobes occasionally cohere, giving the appearance of a bilabiate calyx. 2la. Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. laxiflorus (A. Gray), comb. nov. Malvastrum splendidum Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 65 (67) (1855). Malvastrum Thurberi var. laxiflorum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 291 (1887). Malacothamnus fasciculatus splendidus (Kellogg) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 417 (1910). Malvastrum laxiflorum Davids. & Mox., Fl. S. Calif. 233 (1923), wrongly attributed to Gray; (A. Gray) Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 219 (1936). Malvastrum fasciculatum var. laxiflorum (A. Gray) Munz & Johnst., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 51: 296 (1924). Sphaeralcea fasciculata (Nutt.) Jepson var. laxiflora (A. Gray) Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 634 (1925). Malvastrum splendidum, upon which Gray based his M. Thurberi var. laxiflorum, cannot be identified with certainty from Kellogg’s vague description, and the type, collected by Wm. A. Wallace, presumably near Los Angeles, seems not to have been preserved. Since, however, M. splendidum was de- scribed as “15 to 20 feet high,” there is little doubt that it was a form of Malacothamnus fasciculatus, and probably var. laxt- florus—Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange (probably also San Diego) counties, and in northern Baja California, usually at low elevations but up to 5500 feet in the Santa Rosa Mountains, chiefly on the coastal side of the mountains but occasionally on the desert side as at Victorville, San Bernardino Co. 138 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 6 In its extreme form, characterized by a very openly paniculate inflorescence with slender ascending branchlets up to 25 cm. long and with rather long-pedicelled, racemosely disposed flow- ers, var. laxiflorus seems quite distinct from typical M. fascicu- latus, but the intergradation is complete, as was pointed out by Estes (4, p. 84). There is, perhaps, a tendency for var. laxiflorus to have more deeply cordate leaves, relatively longer bractlets, a larger and more deeply cleft calyx with more acuminate lobes, and less deeply incised carpels, but there is no consistent difference in these characters. 21b. Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. catalinensis (Eastw.), comb. nov. Malvastrum catalinense Eastw., Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 215 (1936). Malvastrum fasciculatum var. catalinense (Eastw.) McMinn, Man. Calif. Shrubs 348 (1939). Types from near Avalon, Santa Catalina Island (John Carl- son, in 1915, Eastwood 6442, CA).—Commonly supposed to be endemic on Santa Catalina Island, near sea level, but specimens collected at Point Mugu, Ventura Co., near Laguna Beach, Orange Co., and between Oceanside and San Juan Capistrano, San Diego or Orange Co., are not distinguishable from this variety. Most of the specimens resemble typical M. fasciculatus in the contracted inflorescences, but some of them, including the Carl- son type, have the more open inflorescences of var. laxiflorus. Var. catalinensis is characterized by large (up to 8 x 8 cm.), thin, often deeply lobed and deeply cordate leaf-blades, these sparsely stellulate or glabrescent above and usually conspicuously paler beneath. The carpels are relatively large, (3.2-3.8 mm. high) and narrow, conspicuously stalked, and deeply incised. 2ic. Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. Nuttallii (Abrams), comb. nov. Malacothamnus Nuttallii Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 417 (1910). Mal- vastrum Nuttallii Davids. & Mox., Fl. S. Calif. 233 (1923), attributed to Abrams. Sphaeralcea fasciculata (Nutt.) Jeps. var. Nuttallii (Abrams) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 501 (1936). Malvastrum fasciculatum var. Nuttallii (Abrams) McMinn, Man. Calif. Shrubs 348 (1939). Type from Casitas Pass, Ventura Co. (Abrams, in 1908, St).— Santa Barbara and Ventura counties, from near sea level to 1500 ft., common and sometimes abundant. In its typical form this variety is distinguished by having very nearly concolored leaves, scarcely paler and more pubescent be- APRIL, 1951] MALACOTHAMNUS 139 neath than above; but a series of fine specimens collected in Ventura Co. by Henry M. Pollard shows every gradation from this state to the distinctly bicolored leaves typical of var. laxi- florus. The inflorescences are usually open and long-branched as in var. laxiflorus, but are sometimes narrow and contracted, although never so much so as in typical M. fasciculatus. Var. Nuttallii is a luxuriant form, the stems reaching a height of 6 m. and a diameter of 10 cm. at base. The petioles are long and slender, the blades up to 10 cm. long, deeply lobed, truncate to deeply cordate at base, the inflorescences long and many-flow- ered, the calyx up to 10 mm. long, the petals up to 25 mm. long, the carpels 3-5 mm. high, about 3% as wide, distinctly to very conspicuously stalked, and deeply incised. 21d. Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus (Robins.), comb. nov. Malvastrum nesioticum Robins. in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 11: 312 (1897). Malacothamnus nesioticus (Robins.) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 419 (1910). Sphaeralcea nesiotica (Robins.) Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 634 (1925). Sphaeralcea fasciculata var. nesiotica (Robins.) Jeps., Fl. Calif. 2: 501 (1936). Malvastrum fasciculatum var. nesioticum (Robins.) McMinn, Man. Calif. Shrubs 348 (1939). Type from Santa Cruz Island (Greene, in 1886, G).—Known only from Santa Cruz Island. This extremely local variety differs from all other forms of M. fasciculatus in the fastigiate character of the loosely many- flowered panicle, the numerous rather rigid branches mostly erect or strictly ascending, and the flowers cymosely disposed on the branchlets. In all other characters it resembles var. catalin- sts, the leaves being large (up to 7 x 8 cm.), thin, rather deeply lobed, and deeply cordate at base, and the carpels being about 4 mm. high, distinctly but shortly stalked, and deeply incised. LITERATURE CITED 1. ABRAMS, LeRoy. A phytogeographic and taxonomic study of the southern California trees and shrubs. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Garden 6: 300-485 (1910). (Malacothamnus, pp. 416-419.) 2. Eastwoop, Auice. The shrubby malvastrums of California with descrip- tions of new species and a key to the known species. Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 213-220 (1936). 8. Eastwoop, ALice. New Californian plants. Ibid. 2: 186-188 (1939). 4, Estes, FREDERICK Earv. The shrubby malvastrums of Southern California. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 24: 81-87 (1925). 5. Gray, ASA, AND ROBINSON, BENJAMIN LINCOLN, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. vol. 1, pt. 1. Malvaceae, pp. 294-338 (1897). 140 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 6 6. GREENE, Epwarp L. Certain malvaceous types. Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 207- 208 (1906). 7. JEPSON, WILLIs Linn. A flora of California, vol. 2 (1936). (Malvaceae, pp. 482-506.) 8. KEARNEY, THoMAS H. The North American species of Sphaeralcea, sub- genus Eusphaeralcea. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 19: 1-128 (1935). 9. KEARNEY, THOMAS H. Type of the genus Malvastrum. Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 23-24 (1947). 10. KEARNEY, THomMAs H. The American genera of Malvaceae. Amer. Mid- land Nat., in press. 11. McMinn, Howarp E. An illustrated manual of California Shrubs (1939). (Malvastrum, pp. 337-351.) 12. WEBBER, J. M. Chromosomes in Sphaeralcea and related genera. Cytol- ogia 7: 313-323 (1936). 13. Wiccins, IRA L. A change in status of a Malvastrum from Baja Califor- nia, Mexico. Madrofio 10: 184-187 (1950). INDEX BY SPECIES NUMBER (with partial reference to synonymy, in italics) Abbottii 12 gabrielense 15 aboriginum 2 gracilis 13 arcuatus 16 Hallii 18 catalinense 21b Helleri 6 clementinus 10 Howellii 9 Davidsonii 14 var. cordatum 9 densiflora var. gabrielensis 15 involucratum la densiflorum var. typicum 11 ' Jonesii 19 densiflorus 11 laxiflorum 2la var. viscidus lla marrubioides 15 Dudleyi 19 var. paniculatum 4 fasciculata var. Elmeri 18 var. viscidum lla var. Jonesii 19 mendocinensis 17 fasciculatum var. typicum 21 nesioticum 21d fasciculatus 21 niveus 5 var. catalinensis 21b Nuttallii 21c var. laxiflorus 2la orbiculata var. clementina 10 var. nesioticus 21d orbiculatus 7 var. Nuttallii 2lc Palmeri 1 splendidus 2la var. involucratus la foliosus 3 _. paniculatus 4 fragrans 5 Parishii 20 Fremontii 8 splendidum 2la var. cercophorum 9 Thurberi 21 var. exfibulosa 6 var. laxiflorum 2la var. Helleri 6 viscidum lla var. niveum 5 var. orbiculatum 7 Vol. VI No. 7 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS The Arctic-alpine Flora of Three Peaks in the Sierra Nevada . Joun THomMaAs HOWELL Astragalus tegetarius: A Correction R. C, BARNEBY Note on Some Names in Schkuhria . S. F. BLAKE New Combinations in Equisetum and Pellaea C. V. Morton This number published with funds from THE CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Jury 12, 1951 PAGE 14] 154 154 156 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalizec plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. Owned and published by Joun THomMAs HOWELL JULY, 1951] ARCTIC-ALPINE FLORA 141 THE ARCTIC-ALPINE FLORA OF THREE PEAKS IN THE SIERRA NEVADA BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL In 1949 and 1950 I did rather intensive field work above timberline on three peaks in the southern part of the Sierra Ne- vada in California, in 1949 on Mt. Guyot and Cirque Peak and in 1950 on Olancha Peak. The climbs in 1949 were made from the Base Camp of the Sierra Club on Rock Creek at 10,500 feet, the one to Mt. Guyot with Philip A. Munz; the ascent of Olancha Peak was made with Dr. Munz from our camp near the north end of Monache Meadows on the South Fork of the Kern River at 8,100 feet. I was alone in most of the work on Cirque Peak, although Dr. Munz and I collected together when we first crossed Army Pass on the north shoulder of the peak. Collections of most, if not all, of the plants listed will be found at both the California Academy of Sciences and the Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden under our respective field numbers. The idea of preparing a comparative study of the floras of these three mountain tops came to me as I was studying the 1950 collection made on Olancha Peak, when constantly my thoughts were reverting to the collection of the preceding summer, since there were not only many similarities but also some notable dissimilarities. Why, for instance, did we not find a single species of Poa on Olancha Peak when there were five on Cirque Peak? The present study does not answer the question “why?” but it does indicate this and similar differences and suggests possible factors that may have caused them. Since each of the three peaks has about the same altitude and since all are situated south of Mt. Whitney in the southern Sierra Nevada and are entirely granitic, there is a common phys- ical basis for the comparison of their floras. In consideration of this basic resemblance, it is easy to understand the similarity found in the floras of the three peaks, but to explain the dis- similarity we must look to the particular geographic position of each peak and to slight meteorological differences that result, as well as to some edaphic variation. Moreover, the present list furnishes details on several other —_— Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 141-156, July 12, 1951. 142 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 7 floristic matters. The list of plants found on Olancha Peak is of interest in that that is the southernmost peak extending above timberline in the Sierra Nevada, and many of the plants re- corded represent either the southernmost known station or the southernmost station in the Sierra Nevada. These same distri- butional criteria apply to some of the plants listed from Cirque Peak whose list of alpines includes several of the rarest plants of the Sierra Nevada. MrT. Guyot Mt. Guyot is chiefly remarkable because it stands apart from the main Sierran divide, rising from the broad forested Whitney Plateau to an elevation of 12,305 feet. Its summit ridge, which is about 800 feet above the timberline trees of Pinus Balfouriana Grev. & Balf., is a narrow rugged crest of granitic blocks, but im- mediately below these there are flat sandy areas and to the east there are steep or gradual rocky or sandy slopes that extend downward to the forested saddle between Mt. Guyot and the westernmost shoulder of Mt. Pickering. In other directions the slopes of Mt. Guyot drop nearly a vertical mile, abruptly, if not precipitously, into the Kern River Canyon and its adjacent tributaries. The grandeur of this gorge, coupled with the vast panorama of mountains encircling the upper Kern Basin or included within it, renders the view from Mt. Guyot one of the most arresting in the entire Sierra Nevada. Our botanizing on the mountain was restricted to the eastern slope above the Guyot Saddle and to the flats below the summit rocks. In this area Dr. Munz and I found 41 species and varieties of plants. The only other collection I know of from Mt. Guyot is that of H. M. Hall made in 1908. It consisted of only seven specimens, but four were plants not found by Dr. Munz and me. CirRQUE PEAK Cirque Peak sprawls along the summit of the Sierra Nevada just south of Army Pass at the southern end of that part of the crest dominated by Mt. Whitney and its 14,000-foot associates. The northern and western slopes rise in a broad rounded curve to the long, gradually ascending crest line and to the summit of 12,863 feet. Much of this slope is sandy and gravelly, but near the crest it is strewn with numerous, broad, low rocks. This westerly slope is mostly unglaciated except for the northern part below Army Pass and for a small shallow cirque opening to JULY, 1951] ARCTIC-ALPINE FLORA 143 the southwest above Whitney Meadows. In marked contrast, the eastern side is gouged by a vast compound cirque or series of cirques, the rugged head walls of which rise abruptly to the crest and summit of the peak. On the higher slopes of the peak, I collected only in the northern and northwestern parts (I never went beyond the 12,300-foot contour on the crest), but among the collections I am listing from Cirque Peak are included all I found east and west of the summit of 12,000-foot Army Pass, since all the specimens obtained came from the southerly (i.e., Cirque Peak) side of the pass and not from the northerly side where the southern slopes of Mt. Langley rise. Army Pass, like the crest line of Cirque Peak, divides two very different geo- morphic provinces. The broad, sandy and rocky, gently sloping summit of the pass is dry for the most part, but seepages from melting snow on Cirque Peak give rise to restricted boggy areas on the west slope in the Rock Creek drainage and produce a miniature alp or two on the glaciated escarpment to the east in the Cottonwood Creek drainage. On the west the timberline tree is Pinus Balfouriana Grev. & Balf.; eastward, quite beyond Cirque Peak and below the highest of the Cottonwood Lakes, P. flexilis James is the last tree, although P. Balfouriana is not far away. The Cirque Peak and Army Pass collections number 80 species and varieties. The only other botanists of whom I know who have visited this locality are Coville and Funston of the Death Valley Expedition in 1891, H. M. Hall and H. D. Babcock in 1904, and, more recently, C. W. Sharsmith. OLANCHA PEAK Olancha Peak, like Cirque Peak which lies sixteen miles to the north-northwest, is on the summit ridge of the Sierra Ne- vada, but the relative positions of the two are essentially differ- ent. Whereas Cirque Peak rises on the east and west from broad meadows and montane valleys with elevations of 10,000 to 11,- 000 feet and is at least five miles west of the great Sierran fault escarpment, Olancha Peak is an isolated peak on the crest of the fault scarp itself, rising over 8,000 feet in five miles above Owens Valley on the east and rising 3,500 to 4,000 feet from ex- tensive forest- and meadow-covered valleys that are traversed by the South Fork of the Kern River on the west. The summit ridge of the mountain, which attains an elevation of 12,135 feet, rises steeply in a great wave-like crest above the broad, forested, stream-dissected base on the west, and on the east it drops away 164 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 7 abruptly in crags and precipices to the desert below. The un- obstructed view from the summit is vast, whether one searches the horizon for distant landmarks, scans the map-like expanse of Owens Valley, or explores the drainage system of the Kern River and its tributaries. No mark of glacial action was noted anywhere in the vicinity. The terrain was either sandy and gravelly or rocky, depending on the steepness of the slope, and nowhere above timberline were found moist flats or seepages. The three trees occurring at timberline, at about 11,600 feet, are Pinus Balfouriana Grev. & Balf., P. flexilis James, and P. Muryrayana Balf. All our collecting was on the western slope and along the summit ridge which, above timberline, is somewhat over a half mile in length. In all Dr. Munz and I noted or col- lected 46 species and varieties at timberline or above. The only other collectors whom I have noted as having visited Olancha Peak are J. T. Rothrock, C. A. Purpus, S. W. Austin, and Hall and Babcock. The Olancha collections of Purpus and © of Austin are apparently not very numerous and most of our floristic knowledge of the mountain has come heretofore from the more extensive collections of Rothrock and of Hall and Babcock. Through the kindness of Dr. Jens Clausen, I have been able to examine a copy of Hall’s field record which is in the library of the Carnegie Laboratory at Stanfcrd University, and from this it is clear that Hall considered Olancha Peak to extend from Templeton Meadows six miles southward to Sum- mit Meadows and from the level of Templeton and Monache meadows to the summit ridge. It was on June 28, 1904, that Hall and Babcock climbed to the summit and sixteen species are list- ed as having been collected at timberline or above. Rothrock lists no Olancha plant from above 10,400 feet in his report (Rpt. U. S. Geogr. Surv. under Lieut. Wheeler, vol. 6). ‘TIMBERLINE The climatic, meteorologic, and edaphic conditions which limit arboreous growth at a certain elevation or latitude are any- where complex, but in the Mt. Whitney region of the Sierra Nevada, the problem becomes even more complicated because it is apparent that in the not very distant past timberline was several hundred feet higher than it is today. Present timberline in the Rock Creek drainage is at about 11,500 feet or less and on Olancha Peak it is at about 11,600 feet. Since somewhat JULY, 1951] ARCTIC-ALPINE FLORA 145 farther north in the Sierra on Mono Mesa in northern Inyo County I found dwarfed individuals of Pinus albicaulis Engelm. and Pinus Murrayana Balf. at over 12,000 feet, it might reason- ably be expected that tree growth would attain or even exceed that altitude farther south on Cirque and Olancha peaks. There are three sources of evidence that indicate the lowering of timberline, perhaps during the last century. One is to be found in the fallen remains of large trees above present timber- line. At Sky Blue Lake, elevation 11,500 feet, on the northern headwaters of Rock Creek, such remains are conspicuous, while the nearest living trees grow under a protecting ledge in Mitre Basin a short distance south of the lake at 11,300 feet. The second evidence of change of timberline is the occur- rence of certain plants near Sky Blue Lake which are character- istic of subalpine (i.e., Canadian Zone or Hudsonian Zone) forests, not of Arctic-alpine slopes. Not only are these plants above the present forests, but growing at 11,500 feet, they are at a higher altitude than any at which they have been heretofore reported. Among these plants are: Luzula subcongesta (Wats.) Jeps., Polygonum Kelloggii Greene, Stellaria umbellata Turcz., Perideridia Gairdneri (H.& A.) Mathias, Cirsium tioganum (Congd.) Petrak, and Helenitum Hoopesti Gray. These plants undoubtedly grew in the former Hudsonian or timberline for- est (the adjacent dead remains of which have already been noted), but after the depression of the timberline not so many years ago, these plants have persisted as “‘alpines.”’ The third source of evidence is historical, a statement describ- ing timberline conditions in these parts in 1875 as given by J. T. Rothrock, the first botanist to visit the region. Rothrock writes (in Rpt. U. S. Geogr. Surv. under Lieut. Wheeler, vol. 6, p. 354) as follows: “On the southern slope of a peak to the south of Mount Whitney, we found the present growth of trees at timber-line all dead or dying, and no younger ones taking their places, so that, in a few years, the timber-line will be several hundred feet lower than at present. I am quite unable to give any satisfactory explanation of the fact, unless it be due to a washing away of the soil by the melting snows: still, it is worth recording.” The peak of which Rothrock speaks may be Mt. Langley or Cirque Peak, on the slopes of both of which a lowered timber- line is now evident. Undoubtedly the cause of this effect is not to be looked for in an edaphic change, as suggested by Roth- rock, but rather in a climatic change. Since no growth of young 146 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 7 trees was observed about timberline during my field work in 1949, it may be surmised that the area is still affected by climatic conditions similar to those obtaining seventy-five or a hundred Cars ago. y 8 CATALOGUE OF COLLECTIONS In the list of species and varieties found at timberline or above on Mt. Guyot, Cirque Peak, and Olancha Peak, the fol- lowing symbols are used to indicate the occurrence of a plant on one or more of the peaks as well as certain distributional information insofar as a given peak is concerned: X, the occurrence is not the southernmost known in the Sierra Nevada. SN, the occurrence is the southernmost known in the Sierra Nevada but not the southernmost in California (i.e., the plant is known from the high mountains of southern California). SC, the occurrence is the southernmost known for California, but not the most southerly if the entire distribution of the species is considered. SL, the occurrence is the southernmost known. E, indicates endemic to the Sierra Nevada. Cystopteris\ fracilis:(L..) Bermhs ws so. |. ema skawee Note 1 Selagimelia Watson WM GELWe lei) eye yeas w= Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. .............. Festuca ovina L. var. brachyphylla (Schult.) Piper Festuca ovina var. minutiflora (Rydb.) ice ETO EL erste tira eees droree tees the Oo aie — SL Koeleriaieristata, (Ib.)) Pers, la 7:)ci00 e1% © a) oi ciereMenuets Se aX Muhlenbergia Richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. ....... < -4|) Cirque 2 X Olancha — Note2 Oa ANSE SETI. cc. sea. oe ye) ie ers eles lo se etese —_ P0a Mettermann Vasey ios.) otis cs be ne dd wiereen — Ei UE PAREONES SINASEY 92'S sce a oS Siete wigs vie’e Salaries — SC — Note$ Poa Suksdortig(Beal)sVaseyteicie vats iccieaasioe & esi e.8 x SL = Sitanion Hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith ............. SG ta plipa Elmer Piper s Brodie 2 ics 5+. esos a a > ee Stijecigjvesteteitoyn dick | fo) st Oe A pe rocia aetovio atone Bie oi —- xX =— Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. .................. xX —- = Trisetum spicatum var. Congdonii RSCHIBTED Me NUETE:) SRIEGIG 52/50 5h aleic's, sheiganeiy.s — — SL Canes aMnain tera MRE, oh. « tein innit vie eine ale mwrearn syne — sc — Cares aretorena’ i. Sgt ins ite sain ts acme/ sei —- x — Note 4 JULY, 195 1] ARCTIC-ALPINE FLORA Dee VO WEFL ODE? orii54 Sp wip ee uss bleu hae a one 8 Carex Congdonii Bailey (E) ...:. 2.60 ne. esse es Carex idanaensis Stacey, (EH). ..1.)2 0. «swine ss 0 0)- SRV EROTLA OURIE se sie epee ia es be ee aren: Maydeniana Olney 1xXxX KX XXX Bx Bx X Cire xX X 147 Note 5 Note 6 Note 7 Note 8 Note 9 Note 10 148 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY Draba Breweri var. sublaxa Jeps. (E) ............ Draha fladmizensis: "Wulf... oo. ve. Dl, 5 os ev Be 05/e ee Drab) enmavonae Wats. i54,1' soc bein ota we ee ee Erysimum perenne (Wats.) Abrams ............. Sedum Rosea (L.) Scop. var. integrifolium (Rat. Berger co2's0 o ale ante sak ngesi leas eating Heuckera gubeseens Torts 2.10. 2 his} he sooo 2% mipes eoreum Pigighccsy 265 15 yi he. Shoo s swear Potentilla Drummondii Lehm. ................. Potentilla nubigena Greene (E) : 3.) 21+... +s. 6 0's Potentilla pseudosericea, Rydb. :.). 2. 22'...5.5...0 45 Lupinus Breweri Gray var. bryoides C. P. Smith... Viola purpurea Kell. var. grisea Jeps. ............ Epilobium oregonense Hausskn. ................ Gayophytum racemosum T. & G. ................ Oreonana Clementis (Jones) Jeps. (E) ............ Androsace septentrionale L. Vagesubumbellata Nels... ...5 000+ shee eee Primula suftrotescens Gray 6. eases. hs oes Gentiana Newherryi Gray ...6.. 000. . 56. eae tet Leptodactylon pungens (Torr.) Nutt. ............ Phlox, P. caespitosae Nutt. aff. (E) .............. Polemonium eximium Greene (E) ............... Cryptantha circumscissa (H. & A.) Jtn. Var bispitia (Macbr.) Jee 2.2 ss tes sk i aes’ Cryptantha circumscissa var. rosulata Jeph FLOWelIN GE) Sh sist «cece: Se secbewenene Hackelia Sharsmithii Jin. (BE)... annie nce odes Oreocarya nubigena Greene «... 2.2.6.0: 0eb ees Monardella odoratissima Benth. Var, parvifolia (Greene) Jeps. -.. 62464. ¥einoks Castilleja nana Eastw. (BE) ........ 20020055. 8eee Mimulus stamineus Gramit .. 6 5.000. .6 2.06. se ees Galium Munzii Hilend & Howell var. subalpinum Hilend & Howell (E) ............ paenoniews. raremOsa To! 6. yeeecetec ds teens ceceus | jatetinatia Meosa Greene. so 3s 6 as ol Afitennatia. media Greene «'4 5/00) sess se eaicd we Antennaria umbrinella Ry db. 0.530.060... Serbs Antennaria rosea (D.C.Eat.) Greene ............. Aplopappus Macronema Gray .................. Aplopappus suffruticosus (Nutt.) Gray .......... Aplopappus suffruticosus ssp. tenuis Hall (E) .... Aster Peirsonii C. W. Sharsmith (E) ............. Chaenactis, C. nevadensi (Kell.) Gray aff. (E) ..... [VOL. VI, NO. 7 | KR SK MK RE a i es Pe NOX [eX | Olancha Note 11 Note 12 Note 13 Note 14 Note 15 Note 16 Note 17 JULY, 1951] ARCTIC-ALPINE FLORA 149 = aie, © SA = Pris Mata Richards, ©.) 5 dae es ote tes 8a ev Ke ey ce Erigeron compositus Pursh var. glabratus Macoun — &K — Erigeron petiolaris Greene (E) ............-+..-- apne eae Erigeron pygmaeus (Gray) Greene (E) ........... Sih SIS are eeiperon pypmaeus Var. (EB) .2) 0. ses. ia thee ee ee: » Peetacamn Hoxrriduin FLIES 6 2 i.e ee ees xX — — Notels PAMPIREASANSTOA DAY Uo:2he Goleta ait e ualete 2 2 Be cis Sias 2 eye dae sy Ye Orochaenactis thysanocarpha (Gray) Cov. (E).... — — XX maiarcella arwentea Gray... cokes cee cnileans — xX SN Senecio Fremontii T. & G. var. occidentalis Gray... «x % — Notel9 “Senecio speculicola J. T. Howell ................ — SL — anacetum canim DC.Eat.! 00... Sees se os — — x Note20 FLORISTIC AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 1. Distribution of Plants on the Three Peaks Total number of plants catalogued from the three peaks... 108° EG oiyae io) aE Get 45 Carne Pegh..20 02 Sa eee oe 80 Siepris Pes tosses 46 Species and varieties on all three peaks................. 17 MPMI a6 2 scr 1, ays Dains Akins 5 eyed WB wi Nas he bee 29 On Guyot and Cirque......... 14 On Cirque and Olancha....... 8 On Guyot and Olancha........ 7 0 SE Sy Sey eee ees ee fear RPP NS le BOC EL ne 62 DTCC AG OU. hisig vk anv ea eieke 2 7 Cirque: Peaks oc. c5 2h one den 4] Giancha’ Peak: 3s hi es Sas 14 2. Plants reaching a Southern Distributional Limit Mt. Guyot: no plant reaches a southern limit. Cirque Peak: southern limit for nearly 18% of its alpine plants.* Southern limit in Sierra Nevada (SN)........ 0 Southern limit in California (SC)............ 5 Southern limit for plant (SL)............... 9 not aquthern limit (Aygo 2 os i. Abs 66 *Because of the position of Cirque Peak at the south end of the Mt. Whitney range, a larger number of plants reaching a southern distributional limit there was anticipated. The reason for this unexpected falling-off is to be found in the relative distribution of plants on the two high ranges that flank the Kern River Basin, the Mt. Whitney range on the east and the Great Western Divide on the west. It is on the 12,000-foot summits at the headwaters of the Little Kern River near the south end of the Great Western Divide where ony a alpines reach their southernmost limit, not on Cirque Peak which is about 5 miles farther no 150 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 7 Olancha Peak: southern limit for nearly 74% of its alpine plants. Southern limit in Sierra Nevada (SN)........ 1] Southern limit in California (SC)........... 2 Southern limit for plant (SL)... 2.2. 25.. -2 20 Not southern Wimgh (i) <2) 2:.'s a eens aps 12 Bndemrc (See: NOTE 'G) ss. 4.5 3). apts eee ] 3. Miscellaneous Distributional Data Only two plants listed in the catalogue are endemic or nearly endemic to the Sierran region treated, Eriogonum Kennedyt Porter var. olanchense J. T. Howell which is known only from Olancha Peak, and Cryptantha circumscissa (H.& A.) Jtn. var. rosulata J. T. Howell which is known from east and west of Cirque Peak as well as from Army Pass and Olancha Peak. The Cryptantha is the only plant among all that are listed which reaches a northernmost distributional limit within the region. Two Sierran endemics, the Phlox and Hackelia, are farther west of the Sierran crest, as they occur on Mt. Guyot, than at any other station where they have been found. 4. Sierran Endemics In the catalogue, 17 species and 12 subspecies and varieties are indicated as endemic to the Sierra Nevada, but, as has already been remarked, only two varietal entities may be con- sidered as narrow endemics within our restricted southern Sierran area. These Sierran endemics are distributed on the three peaks approximately in proportion to the size of the florula of each peak. The varieties frequently represent alpine forms of species that are common at lower elevations. In another paper I have had occasion to contrast the propor- tionately smaller endemic population that is found at high elevations in the Sierra Nevada than is found at lower eleva- tions in California (The Florula of Mono Mesa, Wasmann Col- lector 7: 16-21, —1947), but whereas on Mono Mesa in north- western Inyo Co. the percentage of endemics was 13, on the southern peaks we are considering here, the percentage is 26. In arriving at this higher percentage the rather numerous subspecies and varieties have been included, whereas varieties were not considered in the Mono Mesa figure. However, even when all the varieties on our southern peaks are not included, JULY, 1951] ARCTIC-ALPINE FLORA 15] the endemic species alone constitute 16% of the flora, so we must conclude that endemism is indeed higher than it is on Mono Mesa. Further studies may show that the florulas of Sierran alpine localities still farther north have relatively even fewer endemics and that there is a definite endemism gradient that decreases from south to north. But, as was pointed out in connection with the florula of Mono Mesa, these presently avail- able endemism percentages for alpine regions are much smaller than the percentage for the flora of all California, which is 40 according to Jepson (Man. FI. Pl. Calif., p. 11). NOTES 1. The Olancha Peak record of Cystopteris fragilis is based on Dr. Munz’ report. The fragile fern was collected 5 miles to the west in Bakeoven Meadows on the South Fork of the Kern River at 8,100 ft. (No. 27130) and it occurred occasionally throughout the region. 2. Festuca ovina L. var. minutiflora (Rydb.) J. T. Howell, stat. nov. F. minutiflora Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32: 608 (1905). The type of Rydberg’s species is from Colorado, but in the original description he also cites a specimen from Mt. Dana, California. I regard the following Sierran collections (all from Inyo Co.) as belonging to the small-flowered sheep fescue: Mos- quito Flat, Rock Creek Lake Basin, 10,300 ft., No. 22276; Incon- solable Range above Thunder and Lightning Lake, about 11,800 ft., No. 24111; Army Pass, 12,000 ft., No. 26058. 3. The southern distributional limit of Poa rupicola Nash in California is indicated by the following collections from Cirque Peak and vicinity: Army Pass, Tulare Co., No. 26038, 26043; Cirque Peak, Tulare Co., No. 26173; Cottonwood Lakes, 11,100 ft., Inyo Co., No. 26240. For the determination of these and other Poa collections I am grateful to D. D. Keck. 4. The southernmost station for Stipa pinetorum Jones is apparently in this part of the Sierra Nevada. The Cirque Peak listing is based on an Army Pass collection (No. 26030), but one (No. 26011) from Siberian Pass, Tulare Co., is the southernmost record I have seen. 5. The Cirque Peak listing of Carex Breweri Boott is based on Coville and Funston’s collection. 6. Eriogonum Kennedyi Porter var. olanchense J. T. Howell, var. nov. Dense caespitosum tegetarium var. alpigeno M. & J. simile, foliis 1-2 mm. 152 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 7 longis, inflorescentiis brevibus plerumque ramificatis 1 vel 2 ramis, involucris late obconicis vel campanulatis in sinu scariosis. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 362,092, collected on gray- elly slope at timberline, Olancha Peak, 11,600 ft., Tulare Co., Howell 27205. The short, few-branched inflorescences are suggestive of a reduced form of E. Wrightii Torr., but the shape of the in- volucres, as well as their texture, definitely allies the plant to E. Kennedyi. The condensed mat-like habit is like that of var. alpigenum M. & J. which is restricted to the summit and sub- alpine slopes of the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains in southern California, but in that variety the involucres are capitate-clustered in an unbranched inflorescence. 7. The listing of Eriogonum nudum Dougl. var. scapigerum (Eastw.) Jeps. from Cirque Peak is based on a timberline collec- tion made by Hall and Babcock in 1904 and cited by Jepson (Fl. Calif. 1: 420). 8. What is probably the southernmost station for Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill in the Sierra Nevada is based on the record of Dr. Munz who saw the plant on Olancha Peak but did not collect it. 9. Rumex paucifolius Nutt. var. minusculus J. T. Howell, var. nov. Herba parva alpina 2-4 (vel raro 6) cm. alta, caulibus erectis et foliis rosulatis plerumque circa aequilongis, foliis ellipticis vel linearibus. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 357,730, rather common in sandy and gravelly soil on the north slope of Cirque Peak above Army Pass, 12,250 ft., Tulare Co., Howell 26198. This much- reduced alpine form of the widespread R. paucifolius was also collected on Mono Mesa, 12,000 ft., Inyo Co., Howell 22723. 10. The southernmost station for Arabis repanda Wats. var. Greenei Jeps. is perhaps just east of Olancha Pass, Inyo Co., at about 9000 ft. alt. (No. 26732), several miles south of the timber- line station listed in the catalogue. 11. The discovery of Draba fladnizensis Wulf. in a restricted seepage on the north slope of Cirque Peak at about 12,000 ft. added a species of phytogeographic distinction to the Sierran flora. A widely distributed plant of the Old and New worlds, it had not been known nearer the Sierra Nevada than the moun- tains of British Columbia, Utah, and Colorado. The day after making the Cirque Peak collection, I made a second collection, this time at upper Soldier Lake on the lower southwestern slope JULY, 1951] ARCTIC-ALPINE FLORA 153 of Mt. Langley at 11,200 ft. Both collections (No. 26179, 26205) are from Tulare Co. 12. On the east side of Army Pass, Western Roseroot was infected with Puccinia Rydbergii Garrett. According to Prof. Lee Bonar, who identified the fungus, our collection is not only the first for California but it furnishes a new host-record for the species. 13. The record of Heuchera rubescens Torr. from 12,100 ft. on Mt. Guyot is based on a collection made in 1908 by H. M. Hall, his No. 8422. This collection is cited by Rosendahl, But- ters, and Lakela as var. pachypoda (Greene) R., B., & L. 14. The type of Lupinus Brewert Gray var. bryoides C.P. Smith was collected by Hall and Babcock on Olancha Peak at 10,400 ft. My No. 27177 from 10,500 ft. is nearly topotypic. At that elevation the plant grows in gravelly soil in the open forest of Pinus Balfouriana. 15. Viola purpurea Kell. var. grisea Jeps., which reaches an altitudinal limit at timberline (ca. 11,600 ft.) on Olancha Peak, was described from plants collected in Templeton Meadows, el. 8,500 ft., which lie between the northwest base of Olancha Peak and Templeton Mt. 16. An elderberry on Olancha Peak is referred to Sambucus racemosa L. var. melanocarpa (Gray) McMinn by McMinn. Without fruiting specimens, the variety cannot be satisfactorily determined so it seems best to consider our Olancha plants as S. racemosa, at the southern limit of that species in the Sierra Nevada. The record from Mt. Guyot is based on Hall’s collec- tion made in 1908 at an elevation of 11,800 ft. 17. The listing of Aplopappus suffruticosus (Nutt.) Gray subsp. tenuis Hall from Mt. Guyot is based on the citation given by Hall (Gen. Haplopappus, p. 191). The typical variant, as listed from Cirque Peak, occurs at timberline below Army Pass and is common in the open timberline forest of Pinus Bal- fouriana in the vicinity. 18. H. M. Hall’s timberline collection of Hieracitum horridum Fries is the basis for the Mt. Guyot listing in the catalogue. 19. Senecio Fremontii T. & G. var. occidentalis Gray was col- lected by Munz and by Howell on Mt. Guyot but it is Hall and Babcock’s 1904 collection from Cirque Peak that supplies the record from that peak. 20. Tanacetum canum D. C., Eat. reaches the southern limit 154 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 7 of its known distribution on Olancha Peak but somewhat south of the Arctic-alpine crest. Both this species and Sambucus race- mosa (see Note 16) were collected on the summit ridge and also on the 11,000-foot spur between the forks of Monache Creek about one mile south of the summit. ASTRAGALUS TEGETARIUS: A CORRECTION Shortly after the appearance of my paper on Astragalus tegeta- rius (in Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 89-102, —1951), Dr. Arthur Cron- quist kindly drew my attention to a change of wording in the International Rules adopted at the Stockholm Congress which effectively legitimizes such combinations as have been pub- lished with simple reference to the basonym, even where specific reference to its source is omitted. Astragalus Kentrophyta Gray (in Proc. Philad. Acad. 1863, p.60, —1863) is one of many names validated by this ruling and, being the earliest in its specific group, it must replace 4. tegetarius Wats. (1871). The varieties defined in the cited paper, where full synonymy will be found, must assume the following names: A. tegetarius var. tegetarius = A. Kentrophyta var. implexus (Canby ex Port. & Coult.), comb. nov. A. tegetarius var. danaus = A. Kentrophyta var. danaus (Barneby), comb. nov. A. tegetarius var. Jessiae —= A. Kentrophyta var. Jessiae (Peck), comb. nov. A. tegetarius var. viridis = A. KENYROPHYTA var. KENTROPHYTA. A. tegetarius var. neomexicanus = A. Kentrophyta var. neomexicanus (Barneby), comb. nov. A. tegetarius var. ungulatus = A. KENTROPHYTA var. UNGULATUS Jones. A. tegetarius var. elatus = A. KENTROPHYTA var. ELATUS Wats. R. C. BARNEBY Wappingers Falls, New York NOTE ON SOME NAMES IN SCHKUHRIA BY S. F. BLAKE SCHKUHRIA WISLIZENI Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. [Pl. Fendl.] II, 4: 96 (1849). This is the oldest available specific name for any form of the species in the broad sense in which it is interpreted by C. B. Heiser (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 32: 272, —1945), whose systematic treatment is here followed. The earliest specific name given to JULY, 1951] NAMES IN SCHKUHRIA 155 any form of the species, Hopkirkia anthemoidea DC. (Prodr. 5: 660, —1836), cannot be taken up in Schkuhria, as it was by Coulter (in J. D. Smith, Enum. Pl. Guat. 4: 93, —1895, in the erroneous orthography ‘“‘anthemoides”), because of the earlier Schkuhria anthemoides Wedd. (Chlor. And. 1: 74, —1856). Heiser evidently regarded Weddell’s name as not validly pub- lished, since he makes no reference to the Chloris Andina but cites the name as published in synonymy in Index Kewensis 4 (i.e., 2): 827 (1895), although the Index Kewensis at this place gives the proper reference to Chloris Andina. There can be no question that the name is effectively published in that work. On p- 73 Weddell places Achyropappus H. B. K. in the synonymy of Schkuhria Roth and confirms the reduction by a statement in his “observation.” On the next page, in discussing some species of Schkuhria, he cites the name Achyropappus anthe- moides and makes in parenthesis the combination Schkuhria anthemoides N. (Nobis), treating the plant definitely as a valid species of Schkuhria. The identity of the spellings anthemoidea and anthemoides, for purposes of homonymy, is covered by Art. 70, Note 4, of the International Rules. The name Schkuhria Hopkirkia Gray, Smithson. Contr. Knowl. [Pl. Wright. 2:] 5°: 49 (1853), which I adopted in Kear- ney and Peebles’ Flowering plants and ferns of Arizona (1942), is an illegitimate name, being based on Hopkirkia anthemoidea DC., and is later than S. Wislizent. Following Heiser’s classification of the forms of this species, but adopting the specific name S. Wislizeni instead of S. anthe- moidea, the following new names are found necessary: Schkuhria Wislizeni var. frustrata, nom. nov. Hopkirkia anthemoidea DC. Prodr. 5: 660 (1836); see Heiser, p. 272, for further synonymy. Schkuhria Wislizeni var. guatemalensis (Rydb.), comb. nov. Tetracarpum guatemalense Rydb., No. Amer. F1. 34: 45 (1914); see Heiser, p. 273, for further synonymy. Schkuhria Wislizeni forma flava (Rydb.), comb. nov. Tetra- carpum flavum Rydb., No. Amer. Fl. 34: 46 (1914); see Heiser, p- 274, for further synonymy. Schkuhria Wislizeni var. Wrightii (Gray), comb. nov. S. Wrightii Gray, Smithson. Contr. Knowl. [Pl]. Wright. 2:]5®: 95, —1853; see Heiser, p. 274, for further synonymy. Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md. 156 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 7 NEW COMBINATIONS IN EQUISETUM AND PELLAEA BY C. V. MORTON Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. It appears that the large, coarse species of Equisetum com- monly known as E. prealtwm Raf. should not be specifically separated from the widespread E. hyemale L. As a variety it has been called E. hyemale var. robustum (A. Br.) A. A. Eaton (e.g. by Fernald, in Gray’s Manual of Botany, 8th edition). However, in 1843, Engelmann! described a plant as E. laevt- gatum var. elatum as follows: ‘Very tall; sheaths with about thirty leaves, the points linear-lanceolate, membranaceous, irregularly deciduous, leaving a ragged truncate-dentate black margin.” The type was collected near New Bern, North Caro- lina, by Loomis and Croom. I have not seen it, but from the description there can be no doubt as to the identity of the plant. Equiseium laevigatum A.Br. does not grow in North Carolina nor very near it, and the characters stated exclude the variety from E. laevigatum as currently recognized, but the characters do agree exactly with the plant known as E. hyemale var. robustum. Since robustum dates, as a variety, only from 1903,? the earlier varietal name must supplant it. The following new combina- tion is necessary: Equisetum hyemale L. var. elatum (Engelm. ex A. Br.) Morton. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link var. simplex (Butters) Mor- ton, comb. nov. P. glabella Mett. var. simplex Butters, Amer. Fern Jour. 7: 84 (1917). P. Suksdorfiana Butters, ibid. 11: 40 (1921). See also C. V. Morton, Amer. Fern Jour. 40: 248 (1950). STIVERS LUPINE IN PLUMAS County, CALIFORNIA. The strik- ing rose-and-yellow-flowered Lupinus Stiversii Kell. was col- lected on June 1, 1948, by W. I. and Evelyn B. Follett on the North Fork of the Feather River near Storrie, Plumas County, at an elevation of about 1800 feet. The northern limit of this species has long been given as Butte County and the northern- most station cited by Jepson (Fl. Calif. 2: 278) is Brush Creek which is 14 miles south of the Plumas County station.—JOHN THomas HowE Lt. 1Ex A. Br., Amer. Journ. Sci. 46: 87 (1843). 2A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 11: 75, 112 (1903). Vol. VI No. 8 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOT ANY CONTENTS PAGE Studies in Carex—III: the Identity of Carex mendocinensis Shae UE SABIE BN nT et AOS Bh EA Joun THomMAs HOWELL New Combinations in Gramineae . . . . . ... 162 ALAN A. BEETLE iene Mesa Verde Cactus iis i nee oa Oe ee eee LYMAN BENSON SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA NoveMBER 16, 1951 NE BO LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bort. Owned and published by . Joun THomas HowELi NOVEMBER, 1951] CAREX MENDOCINENSIS 157 STUDIES IN CAREX~III: THE IDENTITY OF CAREX MENDOCINENSIS BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL No recent author who has had anything to do with the coastal Californian Carex, C. mendocinensis Olney, has treated it con- sistently without change of mind. This uncertainty has been due to two factors, first, the close relationship of C. mendocinen- sis and C. debiliformis Mkze. (C. cinnamomea Olney, not Boott), and second, the existence of putative hybrids between C. mendo- cinensis and C. gynodynama Olney. Olney, himself, initiated the uncertainty that has been more recently associated with C. men- docinensis when he gave the name to an 1866 Bolander collec- tion (No. 4701) from Mendocino County but did not describe the plant. The description was supplied and published by W. Boott (Bot. Calif. 2: 249,-1880) who is probably the only one who, in his writings, has not subsequently changed his concept of the species or expressed a doubt as to its specificity, as has been done by Bailey (Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 106), Kiikenthal (in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 20: 581), and recent workers. At first, Mackenzie tacitly accepted C. mendocinensis as a dis- tinct species when he renamed C. cinnamomea as C. debilifor- mis (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 37: 244,-1910). In his four floristic accounts of Carex in California, however, Mackenzie treated C. mendocinensis as a broader entity which included C. debilifor- mis (Erythea 8: 63,-1922; in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 231,-1922; in Abrams, Ill. Fl. 1: 325,-1923; in Jepson, Man. 182,-1923). In his latest works, Mackenzie again distinguished between C. mendo- cinensis and C. debiliformis (N. Am. Fl. 18: 285,-1935; N. Am. Cariceae pl. 334, 344,-1940). Following the publication of vol. 18, part 5, of the North American Flora (1935), Stacey also changed his mind about C. mendocinensis. In 1934, in the inclusive sense, he had reported C. mendocinensis from Mt. Tamalpais (Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 141), but subsequently in 1936 he recognized both C. debiliformis (ibid., 192) and C. mendocinensis (ibid., 232) from Marin County. Even the last record was referred to C. debiliformis by a herbarium annotation in 1937, so that in 1938 he recorded Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 157-164, November 16, 1951. - s ze a $ : 158 ' LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 8 what he regarded the second known collection of C. mendo- cinensis (Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 80)! Finally the present writer, following Mackenzie and Stacey in their interpretation of C. mendocinensis, was able to list both C. mendocinensis and C. debiliformis from Marin County (Marin Flora, 95). Now he wishes to express a change of opin- ion, the explanation of which will elucidate the confusion that has attended the interpretation of C. mendocinensis. A study of the type-collection of C. mendocinensis (Bolander 4701) as represented in the University of California Herbarium ~ and Gray Herbarium not only discloses a plant agreeing in all details with W. Boott’s original description, but also one refer- able to C. debiliformis as that species has been more broadly interpreted by recent students. On the other hand, in the type- collection of C. mendocinensis as represented in the Olney Herbarium at Brown University and in the U. S. National Her- barium, two kinds of plants are represented: one which is like the specimens in the University of California Herbarium and Gray Herbarium, the other which corresponds to the key-char- acters and description of C. mendocinensis as that plant was finally interpreted by Mackenzie. In the New York Botanical. Garden Herbarium the two kinds of plants are also represented, one plant of each mounted on the same sheet. It was from the plant on this sheet referable to Mackenzie’s mendocinensis that the inflorescence in Abrams III. Flora fig. 786 was drawn, as well as the inflorescence, scale, and perigynium in Mackenzie N. Am. Cariceae pl. 334. On the other hand, in plate 334, the base of the plant and leaves, and perhaps also the achene, were drawn from the second plant on the sheet, the one referable to W. Boott’s mendocinensis. In the North American Flora (18: 286), Mackenzie states that C. mendocinensis “has much the appearance of a hybrid between Carex gynodynama Olney and Carex debiliformis Mackenzie,” and the possibility of the hybrid character of C. mendocinensis was repeated by Stacey (Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 192, 232). I believe that field studies show that this plant which was called C. men- docinensis by Mackenzie is a hybrid, intermediate in character between C. gynodynama and C. debiliformis with which Mackenzie’s plant has always been found growing. To my knowledge, six collections of this hybrid are now known: Bo- lander 4701 in part; Eastwood, Howell & Stacey 4466; Eastwood & Howell 6259; Howell 21240, 21983, 23202. NOVEMBER, 1951] CAREX MENDOCINENSIS 159 The Bolander collection, No. 4701, as has been stated above, consists of the hybrid element as well as the plant more recently referred to C. debiliformis. Bolander’s No. 4700 is the type-col- lection of C. gynodynama. Since it is not unlikely that both of Bolander’s numbers, 4700 and 4701, were collected at the same time and place, it is reasonable to conclude that the hybrid was associated with its suspected parents. Even if it should be shown that these two numbers were not collected together, I know from field work that CG. gynodynama is one of the most common sedges on the Mendocino coastal plain, so that I am sure that that plant could have been in the immediate vicinity of the station where No. 4701 was collected (cf. Eastwood & Howell 2621, 2653, 2713, 6256; Eastwood, Howell, & Stacey 4399, 4414, 4469: all C. gynodynama from coastal Mendocino Co.). At the other two stations where the hybrid plant has been found, the two suspected parents have been closely associated with it. In the hills east of Point Arena, Mendocino County, Miss Eastwood, Mr. Stacey, and I found the three plants asso- ciated, together with several other sedges on May 30, 1937 (cf. Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 80). Miss Eastwood and I revisited this same place on July 11, 1938, and a second series of specimens was made. In 1945, while exploring a sedge-filled arm of Willow Meadow on the north side of Mt. Tamalpais, Marin County, I again discovered the suspected hybrid associated with C. gyn- odynama and C. debiliformis. In all specimens, the suspected hybrid appears to be sterile. I now believe that I was wrong in Marin Flora when I fol- lowed Mackenzie and Stacey in their interpretation of C. mendo- cinensis and that that name should be typified, not by the hy- brid element in Bolander 4701, but by the second element in that collection. Although both elements were present in Olney’s specimen, none of the hybrid element was in Wm. Boott’s speci- men (Herb. W. Boott. in Herb. Gray.) and it was from this specimen that the original description was drawn by Boott. I therefore propose to apply the name, C. mendocinensis Olney ex W. Boott, to the non-hybrid element of Bolander 4701. This decision raises another problem that was suggested by both Bailey and Kiikenthal: is C. cinnamomea Olney (i. e., C. debiliformis Mkze.) specifically distinct from C. mendocinensis, as these were treated by Wm. Boott at the time he published the description of C. mendocinensis? A comparison of Boott’s two diagnoses reveals that they differ chiefly in a single character,— 160 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 8 in the length of the stalk of the staminate spikelet and the re- sulting relative position of the staminate and the uppermost pistillate spikelets. This is the principal character used by Mackenzie to separate his “C. mendocinensis” and C. gynodyn- ama from C. debiliformis and other members of the North Amer- ican Sylvaticae (N. Am. FI. 18: 284). The character is quite im- pressive when one compares the type-specimen of Olney’s C. cinnamomea (Bolander 6477) with the type of C. mendocinensis which, in both the typical element as well as in the hybrid ele- ment, has the staminate spikelet subsessile or very shortly stalked. In a long series of specimens, however, every length between extremely short and long can be found. This sort of intergrada- tion can be found even in Bolander 6477, the type-collection of C. cinnamomea, as is disclosed by a specimen in Herb. Univ. Calif. In this specimen the staminate spikelet varies from nearly sessile to long-pedunculate, most of the half dozen or so in- florescences having staminate spikelets short-stalked, 1 cm. long or less. I have concluded, therefore, that there is no specific dif- ference between C. cinnamomea Olney and C. mendocinensis Olney, as these were originally distinguished by W. Boott. The following synopsis gives the nomenclatural and biblio- graphic matters pertaining to the entities discussed above and cites from Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. (unless otherwise stated) repre- sentative specimens of each: CAREX GYNODYNAMA CAREX GYNODYNAMA Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 394 (1868); W. Boott in Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 251 (1880); Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 92 (1886); Kiikenthal in Engler, Pflanzenr. VI, 20: 580 (1909); Mkze., Erythea 8: 61 (1922); Mkze. in Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 230 (1922); Mkze. in Abrams, Ill. Fl. 1: 324, fig. 784 (1923); Mkze. in Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 182 (1923); Mkze., N. Am. Fl. 18: 285 (1935); Mkze., N. Am. Cariceae pl. 333 (1940); Stacey, Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 192, 241 (1936), ibid., 2: 80 (1938); Peck, Man. Pl. Ore. 165 (1941); Howell, Marin Fl. 95 (1949). Carex Blankinshipii Fern., Erythea 7: 121 (1899). Representative collections, all from California except the first: base of Tyee Mt., Douglas Co., Oregon, Cusick 4428; Phillipsville, Humboldt Co., Tracy 7969; 8 miles from Kneeland on road to Yager, Humboldt Co., East- wood & Howell 4841; 2.5 miles north of Miranda, Humboldt Co., Ripley & Barneby 6812; near Cleone, Mendocino Co., Eastwood & Howell 2621; Men- docino City, Mendocino Co., Bolander 4700 (Herb. Olney., Brown Univ., type), Eastwood, Howell, & Stacey 4414; near Point Arena, Mendocino Co., Eastwood, Howell & Stacey 4469, Eastwood & Howell 6256; coastal plain, 2 miles south of Gualala River, Sonoma Co., Eastwood, Howell & Stacey NOVEMBER, 1951] CAREX MENDOCINENSIS 161 4495; near Dillons Beach, Marin Co., Howell 21728; Ledum Swamp on road to Pt. Reyes, Marin Co., Howell & Stacey 12640; Rock Spring, Mt. Tamal- pais, Marin Co., Howell 13901; Hidden Lake, Mt. Tamalpais, Leschke in 1942; Pescadero, San Mateo Co., Eastwood, Howell & Stacey No. 5255; Em- pire Grade about 5 miles north of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Co., Hesse 448; - Huckleberry Hill, Monterey Co., Hoover 5900 (Univ. Calif.). CAREX MENDOCINENSIS CAREX MENDOCINENSIS Olney ex W. Boott in Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 240 (1880); Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 106 (1886); Kiikenthal in Engler, Pflanzenr. VI, 20: 580 (1909); Mkze., Erythea 8: 63, fig. 33 (1922); Mkze. in Jeps., Fl. Calif. 1: 231 (1922); Mkze. in Abrams, Il. Fl. 1: 325, excl. fig. 786 (1923); Mkze. in Jeps., Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 182, fig. 191 (1923); Mkze., N. Am. Cariceae pl. 334 in part (1940); Stacey, Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 141 (1934), ibid., 232 (1936). Carex cinnamomea Olney, Proc.Am. Acad. 7: 396 (1868), non Boott, 1846; W. Boott in Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 249 (1880); Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 105 (1886); Thos. Howell, Fl. NW. Am. 704 (1903); Kiikenthal in Engler, Pflan- zenr. IV, 20: 598 (1909). Carex debiliformis Mkze., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 37: 244 (1910); N. Amer. Fl. 18: 293 (1935); N. Amer. Cariceae pl. 244 (1940); Stacey, Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 192, 232, 241 (1936), ibid., 2: 80 (1938); Peck, Man. Pl. Ore. 166 (1941); Howell, Marin Fl. 95 (1949). Representative collections. OREGON: Grave Creek, Jackson or Josephine Co., Thos. Howell in 1884; near Selma, Josephine Co., Henderson 5930; Sexton Mt., Josephine Co., Peck 24096; near Snow Camp Mt., Curry Co., Thompson 12847. CALIFORNIA: Oregon Mt., Del Norte Co., Eastwood & Howell 3714; near Gasquet, Del Norte Co., Eastwood & Howell 1337, 3768; Grouse Mt., Hum- boldt Co., Tracy 14086; 5 miles east of Berry Summit on road to Burnt Ranch, Humboldt Co., Eastwood & Howell 4866; Trinity River Canyon be- tween Eagle and Bear creeks, Trinity Co., Eastwood & Howell 4979; Coffee Creek Canyon near Union Creek, Trinity Co., Howell 17587; Tangle Blue Creek, Scott Mts., Trinity Co., Howell 12808; Mendocino Co. (probably near Mendocino City), Bolander 4701 in part, type-collection of C. mendocinensis (Brown Univ. in Herb. Olney.; Herb. Gray. ex Herb. W. Boott.; N. Y. Bot. Gard.; Univ. Calif.; U. S. Nat. Herb.); Red Mountains, Mendocino Co., Bo- lander 6477, type-collection of C. cinnamomea (Herb. Gray. ex Herb. W. Boott.; N. Y. Bot. Gard.; Univ. Calif.; U. S. Nat. Herb.); on serpentine near Cummings, south end of Little Red Mt., Mendocino Co., Eastwood & Howell 6129; near Point Arena, Mendocino Co., Eastwood, Howell & Stacey 4467, Eastwood & Howell 6257, 6258; coastal plain, 2 miles south of Gualala River, Sonoma Co., Eastwood, Howell & Stacey 4494; Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Stacey in 1933; near Bootjack, Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Howell & Stacey 12658; Hidden Lake Fire Trail, Mt. Tamalpais, Leschke in 1942; Willow Meadow, Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Howell 21241; Little Carson Falls, Marin Co.. Howell 15535. CAREX GYNODYNAMA X MENDOCINENSIS CAREX GYNODYNAMA Olney x CAREX MENDOCINFNSIS Olney. C. mendocinen- sis sensu Mkze., non Olney, in Abrams, Ill. Fl. 1: fig. 786 (1922); N. Am. FI. ‘ 162 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 8 18: 285 (1935); N. Am. Cariceae pl. 334 in part (1940); Stacey, Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 192, 241 (1936), ibid., 2: 80 (1938); Howell, Marin FI. 95 (1949). Collections examined, all from California. Mendocino County, Bolander 4701 in part (Brown Univ. in Herb. Olney.; N. Y. Bot. Gard.; U. S. Nat. Herb.); near Point Arena, Mendocino Co., Eastwood, Howell & Stacey 4466, Eastwood & Howell 6259; Willow Meadow, Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Howell 21240, 23202; Rocky Ridge Fire Trail near Willow Meadow, Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Howell 21983. NEW COMBINATIONS IN GRAMINEAE BY ALAN A. BEETLE Laramie, Wyoming Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith f. inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Beetle, comb. nov. Agropyron divergens in- erme Scribn. & Smith, U.S. D. A. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 27 (1897). Although almost universally treated as a species because of the obvious character (awns lacking), the evidence continues to mount that the awnless plant is but a form of A. spicatum (cf. Amer. Jour. Bot. 33: 528,—1946; Amer. Jour. Bot. 37: 388,— 1950). Although A. spicatum is a common species in Wyoming, the author has never found the plant without also finding 4. spicatum f. inerme, which, however, is represented by fewer in- dividuals. Digitaria arenicola (Swallen) Beetle, comb. nov. Leptoloma arenicola Swallen, Contrib. ‘Texas Research Foundation 1, pt. Hh ( 1950). There are two schools of taxonomic thought current in recent papers on Gramineae. One is represented by A. Melderis in Svensk Bot. Tidskrift 44: 132-166 (1950), wherein a section of Agropyron (not a very good genus to start with, as pointed out by F. W. Gould in Nomenclatorial changes in Elymus with a key to the California species, Madrono 9: 120-128,—1947) is treated as the genus Roegneria. The other viewpoint is well rep- resented by J. Th. Henrard in his Monograph of the genus Digitaria (1950). Taking his overall picture of Digitaria into con- sideration, one must agree that Leptoloma is logically only a section of that genus. Panicum Ohwii Beetle, nom. nov. Panicum parvispiculum Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. No. 18, p. 15 (1947), not P. parvi- spiculum Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 347 (1897). Department of Agronomy, University of Wyoming NOVEMBER, 1951] APLOPAPPUS CUNEATUS 163 THE MESA VERDE CACTUS BY LYMAN BENSON Pomona College, Claremont In the second edition of ““The Cacti of Arizona” (University of New Mexico Press, 1950), the writer deleted at the last min- ute the intended publication of a new combination in the genus _ Echinocactus. This combination was withdrawn and the text changed slightly because of an opportunity to visit the region in which the cactus grows for more intensive field population study under a research grant from the Society of Sigma Xi. This study in October, 1950, confirmed the previous disposal of the species, and, consequently, the following new combination is published: Echinocactus mesae-verdae (Boissevain) L. Benson, comb. nov. Coloradoa mesae verdae Boissevain, Colorado Cacti 55 (1940); Coloradoa mesae-verdae Boissevain ex Hill & Salisbury, Index Kewensis Suppl. 10: 57 (1947). The known range of the Mesa Verde cactus is restricted to south slopes of nearly bare adobe hillsides at about 5,000 feet elevation. These are at the west end of Mesa Verde north of the Mancos River in southwestern Colorado. The plant is fairly abundant, and it does not show any great degree of variation from individual to individual. Since similar adobe hills con- tinue for some distance southward, the species may occur near Shiprock, New Mexico, and possibly westward to the “four cor- ners” of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. The speci- mens are L. Benson 14756, Herbarium of Pomona College. APLOPAPPUS CUNEATUS IN THE CALIFORNIA COAST RANGES. On Oct. 23, 1949, Robert T. Orr collected A plopappus cuneatus Gray in San Luis Obispo County, 2 miles northeast of Freeborn Mt. on the edge of the Carrizo Plain where it grew in crevices of sandstone rocks at an elevation of 2500 ft. This occurrence is not a great extension of range from the Tehachapi Mts. where the plant is known to occur, but it is the first definite record I have seen from the South Coast Ranges. — JoHN THOMAS HOowWELL. 164 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 8 PoLYGONUM NEWBERRYI IN CALIFORNIA. Polygonum New- berryi Small was first reported in California in 1899 by C. H. Merriam in his list of plants from Mt. Shasta (N. Amer. Fauna No. 16: 145). Jepson (FI. Calif. 1: 379,—1913) cited this refer- ence under P. Davise Brew., indicating either that he believed P. Newberryi to be synonymous with Brewer’s species or that he did not understand the character of the Mt. Shasta plants. In this misdetermination, Jepson was followed by W. B. Cooke in his flora of Mt. Shasta (Amer. Midl. Nat. 23: 528,—1940). Abrams (Ill. Fl. Pac. States 2: 62,—1944) credits P. Newberry: to Cali- fornia but does not include Mt. Shasta in its range: “Cascade and Olympic Mountains, Washington, south to the Lava Beds, Modoc County, California.” Polygonum Newberryi was not included in the flora of the Lava Beds National Monument by Applegate (Amer. Midl. Nat. 19: 334-368,—1938). In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. are the following California collec- tions of P. Newberryi, all from Siskiyou County: Little Mt. Hoff- man, Eastwood No. 10957; between Horse Camp and Panther Meadows, Mt. Shasta, Cooke No. 11289; Panther Meadows, Mt. Shasta, Tucker No. 1760.—JoHN THomaAs HowELt. AN ACCESSION IN TRIFOLIUM. An Old World clover, Trifolium angustifolium L., has recently come to my attention from two stations, one in Oregon, the other in California. The Oregon collection was made by Grace Cole Fleischman on a dry hillside at Oakland, Douglas Co., while the California collection was made by Ken Tweedy in Larkin Valley, Santa Cruz Co. ‘These collections are represented in both the California Department of Agriculture Herbarium and in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. In fruit this species undergoes a change not exhibited by any native clover. After anthesis, the inner wall of the calyx-tube becomes corky-thickened, filling the cup and embedding the fertilized ovary and the lower part of the corolla in a spongy mass of cells. Then the withered upper part of the corolla breaks off and the spiny-tipped, plumose calyx-lobes spread divaricately, so that by the time of maturity, the entire fruiting structure resembles nothing so much as the fruit of some cam- panulaceous plant. Indeed T. angustifolium is a remarkable clover —John Thomas Howell. Vol. VI No. 9 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS PAGE tes OF Malvaclae ll 3. a rel fo ee RO ay Te ea Tuomas H. KEARNEY Pugillus Astragalorum XIV: Notes on Sect. BMMIGNOCADDE SEs aie Mah beh era Sg on adn ee ae R. C. BARNEBY Bepomonui NOLES 072 Te Reb See ieee Joun THomMAs HOWELL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Fresruary 6, 1952 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. Owned and published by Joun THomMAs HOWELL FEBRUARY, 1952 NOTES ON MALVACEAE 165 95 NOTES ON MALVACEAE! II BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY GossypiuM Davipsonu Kellogg. This species of Baja Califor- nia and the coast of Sonora was reduced to a variety of G. Klotz- schianum Anderss. of the Galapagos Islands, by J. B. Hutchin- son (5, pp. 22, 23). The present writer believes that, apart from the wide geographical separation of the two entities, there are good morphological characters that distinguish them. These were summarized, as a result of comparison of living plants grown at Torrey Pines, California, in the following terms (7, alt): Petals only slightly plicate, short-clawed, with a conspicuous, usually solid, suprabasal spot; capsules abruptly acuminate; seeds often strongly con- nate, angulate, striate, densely pubescent, their hairs very closely ap- PERM SMMENVSEI oc cls els are Oreo as og Sonia, witols ¢ 8 ala Xe G. Davidsonii Petals strongly plicate, long-clawed, with an inconspicuous, striate, supra- basal spot; capsule tapering from near the base to the acuminate apex; seeds not connate, nor angulate, nor striate, nor very densely pubescent, their hairs loosely appressed and not crispate ......... G. Klotzschianum Flowers and seeds of both species were illustrated in the same paper (7, figs. 8-10). Hutchinson himself (ibid.) characterized his var. Davidsonii (Kellogg) J. B. Hutchinson as having “‘brac- teole teeth 6-10, capsule round,” as compared with “bracteole teeth 10-15, capsule nearly twice as long as broad” in G. Klotz- schianum. He also pointed out that the latter is arborescent and has larger leaves and flowers than G. Davidsonii, which is a “comparatively low-growing shrub.” This difference in growth habit was also very evident in the plants grown at Torrey Pines, and the tendency in G. Davidsonii to produce smaller leaves and flowers is borne out by comparison of herbarium specimens. In view of these important morphological differences, the fer- tility of hybrids between these two species, emphasized by Hutch- inson, seems an insufficient reason for reducing G. Davidsonii to varietal rank, especially since Hutchinson recognized G. Harknessii T. S. Brandeg. and G. Armourianum Kearney as dis- tinct species, although they are highly inter-fertile. Gossypium Darwinit Watt. A number of plants were grown at Riverside, California, from seeds obtained in the Galapagos Islands by A. K. Fisher. They showed much variation in nearly 1A previous paper with this title was published in Leaflets Western Botany 6: 51-52 (1950). Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 165-180, February 6, 1952. / - 166 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO.g all characters, but all had lint-bearing seeds and none of them resembled the lintless G. Klotzschianum. Some of these plants corresponded well with Watt’s description of G. Darwinii (19, p. 68), the type of which was collected on James or San Salvador Island, Galapagos Islands, by Charles Darwin in 1835. Others ~ were very like plants of the South American group of cultivated cottons. The writer believes that Hutchinson was justified in reducing G. Darwinii to varietal status as G. barbadense L. var. Darwinii (Watt) J. B. Hutchinson (5, p. 51). GossYPIUM TRILOBUM (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Skovsted. This combination was published first by Skovsted in a non-taxonomic journal (13, p. 288), but two of his synonyms, G. Thurberi To- daro and Thurberia thespesioides A. Gray, should not have been included. This fact was overlooked by the writer when he re- published the same combination two years later (8), and pointed out characters that distinguish the Ingenhouzia triloba of Mo- cifo and Sessé from Gossypium Thurberi Todaro (Thurberia thespesioides A. Gray), with which it had been confused. These findings were accepted by Hutchinson (5, pp. 24, 27) who con- cluded that G. lanceaeforme Miers ex Britten is a synonym of G. trilobum. The latter was based on Mocino and Sessé types from somewhere in Mexico. The type of G. lanceaeforme, which came from Mexico, was also, presumably, part of the Mocifio and Sessé collection (14) although attributed by Britten (1) to Pavon. Standley (15, p. 784) concluded that Ingenhouzia triloba is specifically distinct from both G. Thurberi (Thurberia thespe- sioides) and G. gossypioides (Ulbr.) Standl. A specimen with old fruit (no flowers) in the U. S. National Herbarium from near Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Rose & Hay 6284), may well represent G. trilobum. As compared with G. Thurberi it has less deeply cleft leaves with broader, very long-caudate-acuminate lobes, and capsules about twice as large. It is known that Mocifio and Sessé collected near Guadalajara (ip. 424). MALVASTRUM AREQUIPENSE Johnst. The writer, in a recent pub- lication (9, p. 118, footnote) suggested that this Peruvian plant may be a second species of Urocarpidium, but had not seen ma- ture fruit. Krapovickas (10) has transferred this species to Sphae- ralcea as S. arequipensis (Johnst.) Krapov. His illustration of a mericarp (10, fig. la) shows that the fruit is very different from that of U. albiflorum Ulbr., the type and only known species of Urocarpidium. 4 FEBRUARY, 1952 NOTES ON MALVACEAE | 167 5 Malvastrum insulare Kearney, spec. nov. Albemarle or Isabela Island, Galapagos Islands, summit of Tagus Cove Mountain, in moist, shady, rocky places (J. T. Howell 9570, May 26, 1932, the type-collection, Calif. Acad. Sci. Herbarium No. 362992); Tagus Cove (Alban Stewart 20381, March, 1924). Annua; caules gracillimi, usque ad 10 cm. longi, abundanter sed non dense stellato-pilosi, foliis et floribus paucis; petioli graciles, foliorum inferiorum usque ad 2 cm. longi et laminis multo longiores; stipulae subulatae, pilosae, 1.5-2 mm. longae; laminae deltoideo-ovatae vel suborbiculares, usque ad 3 cm. longae et latae, tenues, utrinque virides et paulum stellato-pilosae, sub- profunde crenato-dentatae, obtusae vel acutiusculae, basi truncatae vel subcordatae; flores axillares, solitarii, pedunculis, filiformibus, usque ad 1 cm. longis; bracteolae involucelli filiformes, pilosae, circa 24 calycis longi- tudine; calyx campanulatus, circa 3 mm. longus, pilosus, lobis 2 mm. longis, deltoideis, acutis vel breviter acuminatis; petala circa 3.5 mm. longa; tubus stamineus circa 1 mm. longus, glaber; antherae rarae, circa 5; carpidia 8-10, suborbiculato-reniformia, minima, circa 1.3 mm, longa et fere aequaliter lata, subprofunde incisa, apice rostrata, mutica, lateribus rugosa, dorso muricata, stellato-pubescentia demum glabrescentia. Annual; herbage copiously but not densely stellate-pilose; stems very slender, up to 10 cm. long, simple or sparingly branched, few-leaved and few-flowered; petioles slender, those of the lower leaves up to nearly 2 cm. long and much longer than the blades, the upper petioles much shorter; stipules 1.5-2 mm. long, subulate, pilose; blades deltoid-ovate to suborbicu- lar, up to 13 mm. long and wide, thin, green and almost equally pubescent on both surfaces, conspicuously and irregularly (often doubly) crenate-den- tate, sometimes very slightly lobed, rounded to acutish at apex, truncate or ~subcordate at base; flowers axillary, solitary, on filiform peduncles up to 1 cm. long but often much shorter; involucel extremely caducous, the bract- lets filiform, pilose, about % as long as the calyx; calyx campanulate, 3 mm. long, only slightly accrescent, pilose with rather long, partly simple hairs, cleft about 34, the lobes deltoid, about 2 mm. wide at base, acute or short- acuminate, thin, veiny; petals about 3.5 mm. long, pink or lavender (?)2; stamen tube about 1 mm. long, glabrous; anthers very few, apparently only 5, on slender filaments about 0.8 mm. long; style branches about as long as the filaments; stigmas capitate; ovary and fruit discoid, 8-10-merous; ovule solitary, ascending; mericarps indehiscent, very small, about 1.3 mm. high and very nearly as wide, suborbicular-reniform, rather deeply notched, with a somewhat beak-like, obtuse or acutish, muticous apex, prominently radially ridged on the sides, conspicuously muricate on the back, black at maturity, stellate-pubescent, then glabrescent; seeds obovate-reniform, about 1 mm. long, glabrous or very nearly so. It is somewhat hazardous to describe a new species in such a difficult and poorly understood genus as Malvastrum, but the writer could find no description of a published species of this genus corresponding at all closely with M. insulare. Of South *This number was listed by Stewart (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 4, 1: 104) under Sida supina L’Heér. *The color is not definitely determinable on the dried specimens. 168 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO.g American species, Malvastrum tenellum (Cav.) Hieron., based — on Malva tenella Cav., of Chile, is perhaps related to M. insu- lare, but Cavanilles’ illustration (Icon. Pl. 5: 14 t. 422, f. 3) shows a plant with deeply 3-lobed leaves and small, subterminal clus- ters of subsessile flowers. He did not describe the mericarps. In M. insulare the mericarps resemble those of Malvastrum exile A. Gray (Eremalche exilis (A. Gray) Greene), of the south- western United States. If Eremalche is to be recognized as a genus, M. insulare probably should be transferred to it. As com- pared with M. exile, however, the mericarps of M. insulare are only about half as large, being smaller than in any other species of Malvastrum (sensu lat.) known to the writer. Also, they have a more beak-like apex and much more prominent dorsal muri- cations. The vegetative characters of these species are quite dif- ferent. MALVASTRUM MOLLENDOENSE Ulbr. In his revision of Palaua, Ulbrich (17, p. 108), described a perfectly typical species of that genus, from southern Peru, P. mollendoensis Ulbr., which has the carpels regularly disposed in several superposed verticils. In the same year he also (18, p. 120) published Malvastrum mollen- doense, a wholly different plant from the same region. Johnston (6, p. 260), overlooking Ulbrich’s previous publication of Palaua mollendoensis, transferred this Malvastrum to the genus Palaua as P. mollendoensis (Ulbr.) Johnst. In doing this, Johnston com- mented: “This remarkable species has a habit more in agree- ment with Palaua than with Malvastrum. In its technical char- acters, the ‘carpels’ being in two incomplete superimposed series, it clearly belongs to the former genus.” This small annual with non-involucellate flowers is certainly not a typical Malvastrum. Neither is it a good Palaua, the car- . pels, so far as the writer could judge from examination of speci- mens in the Gray Herbarium annotated by Johnston (Mexia 04180), being uniseriate, although somewhat unequal in height. Its most striking feature is the high and narrow, deeply lobed, somewhat urceolate calyx, the slender lobes marked by a dark central stripe. What is exidently a closely related plant was col- lected on the ““Lomas de Mollendo,” Prov. Islay, Dep. Arequipa, Peru (C. Vargas C. No. 8432). These specimens have only very immature fruit but the carpels appear to be in one verticil. The calyx is very similar to that of M. mollendoense Ulbr. but the freely branching stems are much longer (up to 30 cm. long) and FEBRUARY, 1952 | NOTES ON MALVACEAE 169 the leaves are entire or very nearly so. Final disposition of M. mollendoense and of this apparent congener must await the collection of additional material. MonTEeEIrRoA. This genus was published by Krapovickas (11) too recently for consideration in the writer’s synopsis of the American genera of Malvaceae (9). Five species were included, four of them published previously as species of Malvastrum or Malva and one new species, M. triangularifolia Krapov. All are indigenous to southern Brazil, one of them, the type spe- cies, M. glomerata (H. & A.) Krapov., ranging also to Uru- guay and Argentina. This group is a natural one, the plants more or less woody, with cymose inflorescences and muticous or nearly muticous, dorsally hirsute but otherwise smooth carpels, these ventrally dehiscent. According to Krapovickas (11, p. 236, fig. 1) the basic chromosome number is 10, as compared with 12 in typical Malvastrum, and the chromosomes are larger in Mon- teiroa than in Malvastrum. PALAUA TOMENTOSA Hochr. The genus Palawa was recorded as limited to Chile and Peru, until Hochreutiner (3, p. 171) pub- lished this species, presumed to have been collected in Mexico by Pavon. As indicated, however, by Sprague (14, p. 419), plants supposed to have been obtained in Mexico by Pavon probably were collected by Sessé and Mocino. In the present instance it seems more likely that the type of P. tomentosa really was col- lected by Pavon, but in Peru. Sida salviaefolia Pres] var. submutica J. T. Howell, var. nov. A S. salviae- folia typica differt carpellis breviaristatis vel submuticis, aristis | mm. longis et usque dimidia longitudinis carpellae sed plerumque multo brevioribus. Galapagos Islands, type from Duncan or Pinzon Island (John Thomas Howell 9815), June 7, 1932 (Calif. Acad. Sci. Herbarium No. 363018). Also, Albemarle or Isabella Island (J. T. Howell 9499), Charles or Santa Maria (Floreana) Island (Alban Stewart 2030, J. T. Howell 8806A, 9349, 9376B), Gardner Island (J. T. Howell 8779), Indefatigable or Santa Cruz Island (J. T. Howell 9908), James or San Salvador Island (J. T. Howell 9637, 9746, 10051), Narborough or Fernandina Island (Alban Stewart 2036), North and South Seymour Islands (J. T. Howell 9984, 9931), Tower or Genovesa Island (R. G. Taylor G120, J. T. Howell 10115). The specimens cited correspond well with Presl’s description of S. salviaefolia (Rel. Haenk. 2: 110) except that he described 170 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI,NO.9 the carpels as having “aristis loculo ipso aequilongis” whereas, in the Galapagos Island specimens, the awns do not exceed 1 mm. in length (averaging in the 14 specimens examined only 0.34 mm. long) and are not more than half as long as the body of the carpel. The Galapagos plants may be described further as follows: Finely stellate-canescent, usually with no long simple hairs; stems rather strictly erect, often much-branched, up to about 1 m. high, without infra- petiolar tubercles; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate or narrowly oblong, more or less cuneate at base, serrate or serrulate; inflorescences subracemose or the flowers congested at the ends of the branches; calyx angulate, with acute or sharply acuminate lobes; petals whitish or cream-colored, brownish at base’; carpels 6 (the prevailing number) or 7, 1.8-2.5 mm. high exclusive of the awn,4 conspicuously muricate, stiffly retrorse-pilose at apex and on the awns. The type of S. salviaefolia Pres] came from near Acapulco, Mexico. The range of the species, as stated by Standley (15, p. 764) is Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos in Mexico, also Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Colombia. Much the same distribution is given by Fawcett and Rendle (2, p. 117). E. G. Baker (Jour. Bot. 30: 237) reduced S. salviaefolia to a variety of S. spinosa L. but it is distinguished from that species in the absence of infra-petiolar spines or tubercles, a somewhat inconstant character. More con- stant distinguishing characters, are the narrower, subcuneate leaf-bases, whitish petals, and fruit of 6 or more carpels, these conspicuously muricate on the indehiscent basal portion and with a larger dehiscent apical portion, the carpel awns retrorsely and rather stiffly pilose. In S. spinosa, especially as represented in the Galapagos Islands where it seems to be abundant, the (often spinescent) infra-petiolar tubercles are nearly always pres- ent, the leaves are broadly truncate, rounded or even subcordate at base (occasionally subcuneate in var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb.), the petals are yellow, the fruits are rarely, if ever more than 5-merous, and the carpels are merely rugose-reticulate (ex- ceptionally muriculate), with antrorsely soft-pilose awns. Svenson (16, p. 466) cited S. salviaefolia as a doubtful synonym of S. campestris Benth., the species to which he referred most of the Galapagos Island plants which Robinson (12, p. 175) had 38The petals of S. salviaefolia have been described (2, p. 117) as “pale buff colour or yellowish white veined with pale pink.”’ 4In a specimen in the herbarium of the University of California of what seems to be typical S. salviaefolia from Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico (T. S. Brandegee in 1904) the body of the carpels is 3 mm. high and the awns 1.3-2 mm. long. A specimen from Presl in the herbarium of the British Museum, which is probably an isotype, was examined by J. T. Howell in 1935, and he found the awns to be 3 mm. long. Z — se ~ a Pak _ = FEBRUARY, 1952] NOTES ON MALVACEAE 171 identified as S. spinosa L. and S. angustifolia Lam. Bentham, however, described S. campestris as having long, simple hairs on the stem and about 10 carpels in the fruit (type from near Guaya- _quil, Ecuador, Pl. Hartw. p. 113). The Galapagos Island speci- mens here referred to S. salviaefolia var. submutica differ from the description of S. tenuicaulis Hook. f. (4, p. 232), of which the type was obtained by Darwin on James or San Salvador Island, in that Hooker gave the number of carpels in S. tenuicaulis as “about 4” and described them as obscurely transverse-reticulate. At Mr. Howell’s request, the type of S. tenuicaulis was examined by the late Sir Arthur W. Hill, who reported that “the soft white hairs on the beaks [of the carpels] are erect-spreading.” This observation supports the conclusion of Svenson (16, p. 467) that S. tenuicaulis is related to and probably only a form of S. spinosa L. REFERENCES 1. BRITTEN, JAMES. Gossypium lanceaeforme Miers MS. Jour. Bot. Brit. and For. 31: 330-331 (1893). 2. FAWCETT, WILLIAM AND ALFRED BARTON RENDLE. FI. Jamaica. Malvaceae 5: 92-149 (1926). 3. HOCHREUTINER, B. P. G. Notes sur les genres Malope et Palaua. Ann. Conserv. et Jard. Bot. Genéve 5: 169-173 (1901). 4. Hooker, JOseEPpH DALTon. An enumeration of the plants of the Galapagos Archipelago, with descriptions of those which are new. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 163-233 (1847). . HutcHINSON, J. B., R. A. Sttow anv S. G. STEPHENS. The evolution of Gossypium and the differentiation of the cultivated cottons. Oxford University Press. 160 pp. (1947). 6. JOHNSTON, IvAN M. New or noteworthy plants from temperate South America. Jour. Arnold Arbor, 19: 248-263 (1938). 7. KEARNEY, THOMAS H. American wild cottons with 13 chromosomes. Jour. of Heredity 25: 305-312 (1934). 8. KEARNEY, THOMAS H. Ingenhouzia and Thurberia. Amer. Jour. Bot. 24: 298-300 (1937). 9. KEARNEY, THOMAS H. The American Genera of Malvaceae. Amer. Mid]. Nat. 46: 93-131 (1951). or 10. KRApovickas, ANTONIO. Dos especies, nuevas o criticas de Sphaeralcea (Malvaceae) de Pert. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 3: 71-73 (1950). 11. Krapovickas, ANTONIO. Monteiroa, nuevo género de Malvaceas. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 3: 235-244 (1951). 12. Rosinson, B. L. Flora of the Galapagos Islands. Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 75-270 (1902). 13. Skovstep, A. Chromosome Numbers in the Malvaceae I. Jour. Genetics 31: 263-296 (1935). 14. Spracur, T. A. Sessé and Mocino’s Plantae Novae Hispaniae and Flora Mexicana. Kew Bull. 1926: 417-425 (1926). rz LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI,NO.9 15. STANDLEY, PAUL C. Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1721 (1920-1926). 16. SVENSON, Henry K. Vegetation of the coast of Ecuador and Peru and its relation to that of the Galapagos Islands II. Catalogue of plants. Amer. Jour. Bot. 33: 427-498 (1946). : 17. Upricu, E. Malvaceae austro-americanae imprimis andinae. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 42: 104-113 (1908). 18. ULsricn, E. Plantae novae andinae imprimis Weberbauerianae IV. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 42: 113-124 (1908). 19. WATT, SiR GEorcE. The wild and cultivated cotton plants of the world. London. 406 pp. (1907). PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM XIV: NOTES ON > SECT. LONCHOCARPI BY R. C. BARNEBY Wappingers Falls, New York In the introduction to his Revision of North American As- tragalus, Marcus Jones had occasion to refer to one of Sheldon’s sections in the genus as a “botanical hodge-podge.” ‘The term can be applied with equal accuracy to § Lonchocarpi as enlarged and defined by Jones in the same work (p. 250); or to the equiva- lent genus Lonchophaca Rydb. (N. Amer. FI. 24: 312,—1929). The section was erected by Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 219,— 1864) for the single, at that time anomalous A. lonchocarpus Torr., a species characterized by fistular, somewhat rushlike stems arising from a subterranean rootstock, free stipules, cyl- indric calyx gibbous at base, and pendulous, stipitate, dorsi- ventrally compressed pod devoid of septum. While Jones and Rydberg continued to circumscribe their section or genus as having pods of this original form, they introduced species not only at variance with the required carpological character (e. g. A. Osterhouti with laterally compressed, A. katbensis and A. duchesnensis with sessile pod), but diverse in other respects and not directly related, or but remotely so, to the type-species. It is generally admitted that the form of the pod is the most valuable single specific character in Astragalus. There are few cases of related species in which only the plant-body, or the flower, or other details of structure have diverged while the pod has remained unchanged; but the reverse is often true, or FEBRUARY, 1952] ASTRAGALUS § LONCHOCARPI 173 nearly so. In fact the legume is commonly the first organ to undergo modification. This being so, the value of the pod’s form as an index to relationships is always open to suspicion. From early times the direction of the pod’s compression and the degree to which the valves are inflated or introverted have been elevated to positions of importance disproportionate to their worth. It has been admitted that the pod may vary, be- tween cognate species, in texture, size, outline, pubescence, length of stipe and other factors; but the attitude assumed by the valves relative to the carpellary axis has been considered im- mutable. ‘This assumption is the basic fallacy behind Rydberg’s generic splitting of Astragalus; and has resulted in curious mis- alignments in every attempt at classifying the American species. The foregoing generalities are especially relevant in the case of the species described below as A. Ripleyi. Here the pod is strictly “homaloboid” in form, and closely resembles that of A. collinus Doug]. or A. stenophyllus T. & G. But in every other respect, down to minute details of coloring, pubescence, and all that is summed up in the vague but expressive term of habit, the plants are conformable with the rest of § Lonchocarpt. Shorn of alien elements, which are enumerated at the end of this paper, the section may be redefined as follows: ASTRAGALUS § LONCHOCARPI Gray Coarse perennials, with fistular herbaceous stems arising from a buried root-crown (caudex none), leafless at the lower nodes; stipules free, the lowest adnate to a suppressed petiole, thus forming a united sheath, but not connate; pedicels elongate; calyx subcylindric, gibbous at base, ebracteo- late; flowers nodding; pod pendulous, long-stipitate, 1-locular, dorsiven- trally or laterally compressed, the long narrow body commonly arched downward.—Three or perhaps four! species of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado, one extending across Utah into eastern Nevada. KEY TO THE SPECIES a. Pod dorsiventrally compressed or dorsally sulcate, the sutures more or less approximate within. b. Lateral leaflets not more than 6, obscurely articulate, often reduced in size or number, or absent, the upper leaves commonly com- posed of a naked rachis and terminal, obscurely expanded phyllodium continuous with it; pod nearly always glabrous; Pome OF thr Becton. od ea swe yawn ee 1. A. lonchocarpus Astragalus platycarpus (Rydb.) Barneby (Tium platycarpum Rydb.) is still known only from a fragmentary type: Oak Creek, Colorado, Brandegee in 1873 (NY); and its affinities are therefore still unclear, The pod, though shorter and glabrous, resembles that of A. Schmollae. The lower part of the stem, and hence the lower stipules, are lacking. N74. LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 9 b. Lateral leaflets 10-16 in all the leaves, prominently articulate; pod strigose; southwestern Colorado............. -2. A. Schmollae a. Pod laterally compressed, the valves approximate within. Leaflets linear, glabrous above; pod strigose; Taos County, New Mexico.......... ; oA Se i sat PN ATS, «een ele ahsge Phendciy = Keen noyatats oie nia 3. A. Ripleyi 1. A. LONCHOCARPUS Torr. Astragalus lonchocarpus Torr., Pac. R. R. Rep. 4: 80(1857). Phaca macro- carpa Gray, Pl. Fendl. 36(1849), non A. macrocarpus Pall. Lonchophaca macrocarpa (Gray) Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 24: 312(1929). A. macer A. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 56: 65(1913). Lonchophaca macra (A. Nels.) Rydb., op. cit. 313(1929). Despite its wide range, which extends around the flanks of the Rocky Mountains from Cafion City, Colorado, through northern New Mexico and across Utah into eastern Nevada, A. lonchocarpus is a fairly stable species. On the whole, perhaps, a trend can be made out from a plant with relatively slender, almost solid stems and narrow pods (about 3.5 mm. wide) which is the prevailing form in the pinyon-juniper zone of northern New Mexico, into a robust phase with stouter and more ob- viously hollow stems, and pod up to 5 or even 6 mm. wide, com- mon on hot clay hills of the Colorado River basin. There is no exact geographic correlation, however, and the variation noted seems as likely due to accidents of topography and microclimate as to genetic causes. Thus Lonchophaca macra, in Rydberg’s sense, is considered a minor variant. It should be noted in passing that Rydberg’s interpretation: of A. macer as the more robust form exactly contradicts the original diagnosis. Nelson pointedly set off his species from A. lonchocarpus as being more slender and having smaller fruit, the pod “3-4 mm. wide” — ex char. An isotype (Paradox, Mont- sose County, Colorado, E. P. Walker 179, NY) confirms this. Nelson cannot have known that the type of Phaca macrocarpa (Santa Fe, New Mexico, Fendler 160, NY) was also of the slender form. The plant collected by the Whipple Expedition on the Llano Estacado (more precisely at “Camp 49, Plaza Larga, Bigelow” (NY), i. e. near Tucumcari, Quay County, New Mexico), which Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 219,—1864) noted as possibly dis- tinct, on account of its “shorter and blunt pods,” does not ap- pear at all remarkable in 4. lonchocarpus as the species is now known. FEBRUARY, 1952] ASTRAGALUS § LONCHOCARPIY 175 2. A. SCHMOLLAE C. L. Porter Astragalus Schmollae C, L. Porter, Madrono 8: 100, PI. 9, fig. 4-7 (1945). A. platycarpus (Rydb.) Barneby var. montezumae Barneby, Leafl. West. Bot. 4: 59, PI. 1, fig. 1-5 (1944). The type of A. Schmollae has not been seen, but its identity with A. platycarpus var. montezumae can hardly be doubted, in view of their common place of origin on the Mesa Verde, and the exact agreement in the descriptions and figures. The relation- ship of this entity to A. platycarpus is still in doubt (cf. footnote above); it is, in any case, well marked, and is likely to stand in the category of species. 3. A. RrpLey! Barneby Astragalus Ripleyi, spec. nov., inter Lonchocarpos Gray juxta A. Schmollae C. L. Porter collocanda, sed legumine de latere (more Homalobi Nutt.) com- presso inter affines insignis. Herba perennis valida paucicaulis, pube basifixa appressa fere undique strigoso-cinerascens; caulibus robustis suberectis fistulosis purpurascentibus e radicis lignosae verticalis gemmis lateralibus subterraneis emissis, 4-6 dm. longis, per quartam sextamve partem inferiorem simplicibus nudis, nodis vagina brevi chartacea e stipulis coalitis (sed adversus folium deficiens om- nino liberis) efformata instructis, inde foliatis et paniculatim ramosis; stipulis foliorum evolutorum herbaceis deflexis 1-4 (5) mm. longis semi-caulinis petiolo breviter adnatis, medianis late summis angustius deltoideis; foliis patulis subsessilibus 4—~9 cm. longis; foliolis saepissime 6—8-jugis remotiusculis linearibus vel angustissime ellipticis, obtusis rarius apiculatis truncatisve, (3) 9-25 (35) mm. longis, pagina superiori glabrata, lateralibus articulatis, ultimo fere semper in rachin sensim decurrenti; pedunculis arcuato-adscen- dentibus 7-11 cm. longis; racemis laxiuscule (5) 16—45-floris secundis, post anthesin adeo elongatis, axi fructifero (2) 4-16 cm. longo, floribus nutanti- bus pedicello filiformi 3-7 mm. longo demum dejecto bracteam exiguam subulatam multo superanti fultis; calycis membranacei straminei albo- (nonnumquam parcius atro-) strigosi tubo profunde campanulato-subcy- lindrico, basi gibbo, 5-6 mm. longo, 2.5-3 mm. lato, dentibus deltoideis (ventralibus 2 quam aliis latioribus ac brevioribus) 0.5-0.7 mm. longis; petalis (quorum dimensiones apud flores serotinos parvulos in parenthesi infra notantur) pallide citrinis immaculatis; vexillo oblanceolato aliquantu- lum recurvo (13) 15-16 mm. longo, (4.5) circa 6 mm. lato; alis (11) 13-14 mm. longis, unguiculo (5.5) 6-7 mm., lamina oblonga obtusa integra subrecta auriculo incluso (6.5) circa 8 mm. longa, 2-2.5 mm. lata; carinae (9.5) 10-11 mm. longae unguiculis (5.5) 6.5-7 mm. longis, laminis oblique obovatis per angulum rectum in apicem obtusum sensim incurvis (4.5) 55.5 mm. longis, 2.2-2.5 mm. latis; legumine pendulo stipitato lineari-oblongo vel anguste Janceiformi acutissimo (14) 20-33 mm. longo, (3.5) 4-6 mm. lato, de latere valde compresso omnino 1-loculari (suturis ambabus prominulis nec sulcatis nec introversis), basi in stipitem filiformem 8-15 mm. longum abrupte con- 176 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY —_ [VOL.VI,NO.Q — tracto, valvulis primum (in vivo) carnosulis rubellis, maturis (exsiccatisque) chartaceis stramineo-viridulis reticulatis strigulosis, intus filamentosis; ovulis circa 12; seminibus rugulosis fulvo-viridescentibus 2.9-3.2 mm. longis. New Mexico: In rich soil on sagebrush plains, 4 miles south of Tres Piedras, Taos County, alt. 8200 ft., 8 July 1950, flower and fruit, Ripley & Barneby 10307. Type, in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 361752.1 Clay bank among junipers and pinyons, 2 miles south of Questa, Taos County, alt. 7000 ft., 25 May 1947, scarcely in full flower, No. 8237. While the laterally compressed pod of A. Ripley: has no coun- terpart in the section, the plants resemble A. Schmollae closely in other ways. The chief points of difference are the more com- pact racemes, glabrous upper surface of the leaflets, short calyx- teeth and lemon-yellow rather than ochroleucous flowers. The species is dedicated to my friend and collaborator, H. Dwight Ripley, who first discovered and recognized it as new to science. SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM § LONCHOCARPI 1. A. kaibensis Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 10: 64 (1902). Loncho- phaca kaibensis (Jones) Rydb. The fresh pod is terete and sessile. The species is restricted to clay knolls about House Rock and Lees Ferry in northern Arizona, where it is isolated at the edge of the range of A. lancearius Gray, a species so like it in every detail except the laterally flattened pod of slightly less fleshy texture, that flowering specimens of the two are indistinguishable. There can be little question that A. katbensis and A. lancearius (includ- ing A. Episcopus Wats.; cf. Leafl. West. Bot. 5: 32,—1947), even though placed in separate genera, Lonchophaca and Homalobus respectively, by Rydberg, and separated in Jones’s Revision by over 170 pages of text, are derived from an immediate common ancestor and must be treated as close relatives. The idea that their pods have retained an ancestral form while every other or- gan has converged, at the same time and place, to a point of exact congruence, requires an inconceivable number of coinci- dences. This pair of species, along with the next, seem to consti- tute a small group of their own in the great Homalobus series, differing from the Lonchocarpi in the campanulate, scarcely oblique calyx, short pedicels and essentially sessile legume. ‘They are probably best included in § Genistordet. 1An ample collection insures that this will be widely distributed. FEBRUARY, 1952] ERIOGONUM NOTES 177 2. A. duchesnensis Jones, Cont. West. Bot. 13: 9 (1910). Lon- chophaca duchesnensis (Jones) Rydb. This species, a close en- demic of the Uinta Basin in northern Utah, has a campanulate, subsymmetric calyx, and sessile, albeit basally attenuate pod. Except for the dorsi-ventral compression of the pod, a character of increasingly little importance in the classification of the genus, it is pretty clearly of § Genistoidei. 3. A. Osterhouti Jones, Rev. Astrag. 251 (1923). Lonchophaca Osterhouti (Jones) Rydb. The stipules of this rare species, en- demic to clay hills along the upper Colorado in Grand County, Colorado, are connate, and the plants, unlike A. lonchocarpus, are seleniierous (cf. Beath, Amer. Jour. Bot. 26: 729,—1939), with the characteristic odor and habit of the seleniferous § Pectinati. In habit, foliage, and flower A. Osterhouti closely resembles A. Grayi Parry of the high Wyoming plains; they are undoubtedly related, in spite of the former’s stipitate pod, otherwise un- known in § Pectinati. ERIOGONUM NOTES BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL 1. ERIOGONUM ESMERALDENSE In 1931 and again in 1932, Jean M. and Mary Ann Linsdale collected a variant of Eriogonum esmeraldense Wats. in the Toiyabe Mts. in central Nevada that seems distinct enough to be described and named. Since no recent notes or treatments of this relatively rare species of the Great Basin have given detailed distributional data, I am presenting herewith such information as I have gathered while studying the new variety. For this study I have had the privilege of borrowing specimens from the Dud- ley Herbarium of Stanford University, the University of Cali- fornia, and the United States National Herbarium. KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF ERIOGONUM ESMERALDENSE 1, Internodes and peduncles glaucous and smooth, not glandular; petioles pilose, not glandular; flowers 1.75-2.25 mm. long; achene 1.5-2 mm. ER ae Sind vines OV Mv C ciy ruby Ove e's bah Soremne mre Re var. esmeraldense 1. Internodes and peduncles glandular on the lower part; petioles pilose and sometimes glandular; flowers mostly 2.5-3 mm. long; achenes MIME A ie Pein Teds asx rhrienineatars lap Mean os var. toiyabense ERIOGONUM ESMERALDENSE Var. ESMERALDENSE. E. esmeraldense Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 85 (1889). Occasional in rocky or gravelly soil or in pumice 178 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO.9 gravel, on open flats, brushy slopes, or in open, coniferous forests: Mono and Inyo counties, California, east to Mineral, Esmeralda, and Nye counties, Nevada, 5700 to 9800 ft. CALIFORNIA. Pumice sand, south side of Deadman Pass, 7900 ft., Mono Co., Ripley & Barneby 5830 (CAS); pumice slope, summit between Crestview and Mono Lake, 8000 ft., Mono Co., Howell 27459 (CAS); pumice slope, near Magee Creek, 6900 ft., Mono Co., Keck 3884 (DS); head of Long Valley, Mono Co., K. Brandegee (UC); trail up Morgan Creek, 8000 ft., Inyo Co., Ferris & Lorraine 9280 (DS); near Little Round Valley, 7000 ft., Mono Co., Howell 14348 (CAS); Crooked Creek, 6750 ft., Mono Co., Howell 14326 (CAS); near summit south of Seep Hole Spring, 9800 ft., Inyo Mts., Inyo Co., Kerr 3276 (CAS, US); Waucoba Peak, 8400 ft., Inyo Mts., Inyo Co., Jaeger in 1941 (DS). Nevapa. Candelaria, “Esmeralda” or Mineral Co., Shockley 543 (DS, type- collection); Montgomery Pass, 7600 ft., White Mts., Mineral Co., Ripley & Barneby 3714 (CAS); rock slide, Queen Canyon, 8000 ft., White Mts., Es- meralda Co., Ferris 6702 (DS); Miller Mt., 7000 ft., Esmeralda Co., Shockley 581 (DS, UC); Quinn Canyon Range, Nye Co., Maguire & Holmgren 25599 (UC); mouth of Pine Creek Canyon, Toquima Range, Nye Co., Maguire & Holmgren 25780 (CAS, DS, UC, US). In the last-cited collection there are a” few glands on the lower internodes but the glands are sparser or lacking in the upper part of the plant and on the peduncles. In this character of vesti- ture the specimens are intermediate between var. esmeraldense and var. toiyabense. The Toquima Range where this collection was made is sep- arated from the Toiyabe Mts. by Smoky Valley. Eriogonum esmeraldense var. toiyabense J. T. Howell, var. nov. A var. esmeraldensi differt: internodis et pedunculis glanduliferis, petiolis interdum glanduloso-pilosis; floribus plerumque 2.5-3 mm. longis; acheniis 2.3 mm. longis. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 363,401, Mahogany Canyon, 9000 ft., Toiyabe Mts., Lander Co., J. M. & M. A. Linsdale 550, June 30, 1931. Only one other collection has been seen: Linsdale & Linsdale 793, from Ophir Canyon, 8000 ft., Toiyabe Mts., Nye Co., June 4, 1932. 2. ERIOGONUM RUBRICAULE Since it was not clear from the original description just how Eriogonum rubricaule Tidestr. differed from E. esmeraldense var. toiyabense, the type of the former was borrowed from the United States National Herbarium: near Lahontan, Churchill Co., Nevada, F. B. Headley in 1916. From a study of that speci- men the distinctness of the two species was quite evident, but incidentally it was found that £. laetum Stokes is exactly refer- able to E. rubricaule. ‘That species was based on a collection made by Mrs. L. E. George in 1901 near Humboldt, Nevada (type, CAS). At the same time E. laetum was described, E. rubri- caule was reduced to varietal status under E. trichopes Torr. _ FEBRUARY, 1952] ERIOGONUM NOTES 179 Hence it would appear that the following synonymy is perti- nent: ERIOGONUM RUBRICAULE Tidestr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 36: 181 (1923). E. trichopes var. rubricaule (Tidestr.) Stokes, Gen. Eriogonum 25 (1936). E. laetum Stokes, ibid., 23. Both E. esmeraldense and E. rubricaule differ from E. tri- chopes in their glabrous perianths; E. rubricaule differs from E. esmeraldense in its more glandular leaves, ascending peduncles, ciliate cauline bracts, much larger campanulate and frequently ciliate involucres, and differently shaped yellowish perianths. Since E. rubricaule appears to be a very rare and little-collected plant, the citation of the following collections will add to its known distribution: dry desert foothill slopes and gravel washes, Dan Tucker Mine wash, between Eastgate and Frenchman’s Sta- tion, 5000 ft., Churchill Co., Train 180 (US); alkaline clay hills west of Eastgate, 4600 ft., Churchill Co., Ripley & Barneby 5936 (CAS); alkaline clay bluffs, Reese River Valley 32 miles north of Austin, 5300 ft., Lander Co., Ripley & Barneby 6186 (CAS). 3. ERIOGONUM AMPULLACEUM With the building of the Owens River dam and the resultant flooding of Long Valley, Mono Co., by the reservoir known as Lake Crowley, the only stations where Eriogonum ampullaceum J. T. Howell had been found were flooded and it was feared that the species might have been completely annihilated. In July, 1950, however, Lewis S. Rose and I found this distinctive plant in a new area about 60 miles to the north near Bridgeport, Mono Co. At this station it grew in gravelly soil on a slope dominated by Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Although E. ampullaceum is ob- viously related to E. mohavense Wats., I regard it as an excellent species and not merely a subspecies as did Miss Stokes (Genus Eriogonum, p. 33). The following Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. col- lections, all from Mono Co., California, are the only records I know of the species: Dry hill slopes about Whiskey Creek, Owens River at 6700 ft., July 29, 1933, Peirson 10740 (type); Long Valley, Hot Creek region, 6900 ft., Aug. 1, 1937, Peirson 12155; alkali flats of Long Valley near the Owens River east of Whitmore Tub Springs, Aug. 8, 1938, Howell 14385; sagebrush slopes, 2.5 miles north of Bridgeport, 6450 ft., July 27, 1950, Howell 27405. The two last- cited collections have been widely distributed by both Mr. Rose and me. 180 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI,NO.9 HALOGETON IN CALIFORNIA. Since 1937, Halogeton glomera- tus (M. Bieb.) C. A. Mey. has been known from Nevada (cf. Field Mus., bot. ser., 17: 240, as H. sativus; Leafl. West. Bot. 3: 44; Torreya 41: 164), but it was 1948 before I examined speci- mens from northeastern California. The specimens came from Herlong in eastern Lassen County, and were collected in flower on Aug. 17 (Pryor, Calif. Acad. Sci.) and in fruit on Nov. 9 (Fix, Calif. Acad. Sci.). In the California flora this plant is most closely related to the Russian thistle, Salsola Kali var. tenuifolia, and has, like it, the wing-like appendages on the fruiting perianth-segments. The two plants do not look alike, however, and may be readily distinguished by foliage, flower, and fruit. The gray fleshy, ob- long or ovatish leaves in Halogeton are bristle-tipped or muti- cous, while the linear leaves of the Salsola are attenuate into a pungent tip or spine; there are 5 (or 4) stamens in the Salsola, but only 2 (or 3?) in the Halogeton; and, in Halogeton the seed is erect, while in Salsola it is horizontal. Halogeton glomeratus is indigenous in the Old World from the Caspian Sea eastward to central Asia. An inhabitant of saline plains, it will probably become extensively naturalized in western United States where widespread areas so closely re- | semble its native habitat.—John ‘Thomas Howell. CARICES ADVENTIVE IN CALIFORNIA. Two related species of Carex that are native and widespread in the eastern and south- ern United States have recently come to my attention as weeds in southern California. They are C. Leavenworthii Dewey and C. texensis (Torr.) Bailey. Both have been found as garden or lawn weeds in Arcadia, Los Angeles Co., while the latter has also been found in Hollywood. An immature Carex which I found in the lawn at the Berkeley Tennis Club, Alameda Co., is prob- ably a second collection of C. Leavenworthii. Adventive or naturalized carices are rarely detected in Cali- fornia, the only other one known to me being C. cephalophora Muhl. which is introduced in Pasadena from the eastern United States according to Stacey (Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 142). It is inter- esting that the three species noted here belong to section Brac- teosae.—John ‘Thomas Howell. ATA Vol. VI No. 10 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS PAGE The Genus Pseudotsuga RK we i) in North America... oS hla le iet Sos a e Evsert L, Litt e, JR. Eriogonum Notes II: E.polypodum Small. . . . . 198 Joun THOMAS HOWELL The Little Sur Manzanita, a New Species . . . . . 202 Joun THomas Howe. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Apri 30, 1952 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bor. Owned and published by Joun THomas HowELi APRIL, 1952] PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 181 THE GENUS PSEUDOTSUGA (DOUGLAS-FIR) IN NORTH AMERICA BY ELBERT L. LITTLE, JR. In North America the genus Pseudotsuga contains two spe- cies, which are summarized here. Douglas-fir [P. taxifolia (Poir.) Britton], composed of two geographical varieties, is the most important timber tree of the United States. In the following notes, chiefly nomenclatorial, the recently made combination P. Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco is rejected, the Rocky Mountain va- riety is accepted as P. taxifolia var. glauca (Beissn.) Sudw., and names by Flous and Roezl are discussed and cited in synonymy. Pseudotsuga Carr. (Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2, 256,—1867), Douglas-fir, is a genus of needle-leaf evergreen, pyramidal, res- inous trees of Pinaceae related to Tsuga, Picea, and Abies. Leaves spirally arranged or somewhat 2-ranked, linear, flattened, grooved above, with prominent midrib and 2 whitish stomatal bands below, with short petioles; buds conical, acute, glabrous, nonresinous, shiny, reddish-brown; twigs slightly rough, with slightly raised oval leaf scars, broader than long; cones pendent, narrowly ovoid, acute, composed of spirally arranged, rounded, concave, rigid, persistent scales bearing 2-winged seeds and sub- tended by distinctive, exserted 3-lobed bracts, the middle lobe longest and awnlike. About 5 species, 2 in western North Amer- ica and the others in Japan, Formosa, and China. Type-species: P. taxifolia (Poir.) Britton. Most American botanists and foresters recognize a single spe- cies of Douglas-fir in western North America and a related spe- cies, bigcone-spruce [P. macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr], in southern California. Both Sargent (Man. Trees No. Amer., ed. 2, 48, fig. 50,—1922) and Sudworth (Check List Forest Trees U. S. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Cir. 92, 28 —1927) accepted P. taxifolia without named geographical varieties. However, Van Dersal (Native Woody Plants U.S. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 303, 208,—1938) distinguished P. taxifolia, Oregon Douglas-fir, and P. glauca Mayr, Colorado Douglas-fir, and enumerated 14 differences be- tween the two. Rehder (Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, 18—19,— 1940; Bibliog. Cult. Trees Shrubs 15—16,—1949) listed two geo- graphical varieties, P. taxifolia var. viridis (Schwerin) Schneid. Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 181-204,. April 30, 1952. 182 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 as the typical coast variety and var. glauca [Beissn.] Schneid. in the Rocky Mountains. The Canada Dominion Forest Service (Native Trees Canada, ed. 4, 56-61, illus.,—1949) accepted var. glauca and published maps and photographs of the two varia- tions. Europeans have long distinguished two species of Douglas-fir based upon plantations. In their generic monograph, Augustine Henry and Margaret G. Flood (The Douglas firs: a botanical and silvicultural description of the various species of Pseudo- tsuga. Roy. Irish Acad. Proc. 35 (B): 67-92, illus. —1920) main- tained P. Douglasii Carr. for the Pacific Coast variation, var. caesia Schwerin for the northern Rocky Mountain variation, and a second species, P. glauca Mayr, in the Rocky Mountains from Colorado to Mexico. Fitschen (in Beissner, Handb. Nadelh., ed. 3, 88-89,—1930) listed numerous horticultural va- rieties or forms. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA (Poir.) Britton. Douglas-fir PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA Var. TAXIFOLIA. Coast Douglas-fir (Oregon Douglas-fir) Pinus taxifolia Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus 1: [51], pl. 33 (1803). Non P. taxifolia Salisb., Prodr. 399 (1796). Abies taxifolia [(Lamb.)] Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 6: 523 (1804, after Jan. 11). Non Abies taxifolia Mus. ex Du Tour, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. 20: 114 (1803); nom. illegit. Non Abies taxifolia Desf., Tabl. Ecole Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. 266 (1804). Non Abies taxifolia Raf., New Fl. No. Amer. 1: 38 (1836). | Abies Menziesii Mirb., Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Mém. 13: 63, 70 (1825); “Men- ziezit.”” Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lamb.) Britton, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. 8: 74 (1889). Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britton ex Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry Bul. 14: 46 (1897). Pseudotsuga Douglasii [var.] viridis Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 16: 257 (1907) [1908]. Pseudotsuga taxifolia A. viridis Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. FI., ed. 2, 1: 287 (1913). Pseudotsuga vancouverensis Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 340, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 6: 12, t. (1934). Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Soc. Broteriana (Coimbra) Bol., sér. 2, 24: 74 (1950). Pseudotsuga Menziesii var. viridis (Schwerin) Franco, Soc. Broteriana (Coim- bra) Bol., sér. 2, 24: 77 (1950). PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA (Poir.) Britton. Douglas-fir. Large forest tree 20-70 m. or more (rarely to 100 m.) in height, with narrow pyramidal crown of crowded horizontal to drooping lateral branches; leaves 1.5-3.5 cm. long, APRIL, 1952] PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 183 straight, usually rounded and obtuse at apex but sometimes pointed, dark yellow-green or blue-green; cones 4.5-9 cm. long, reddish-brown, with con- spicuously exserted 3-lobed bracts. A variable species, one of the most widely distributed in western North America, from central British Columbia (lat. 55°) southward through Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain regions and Mexican mountains to Hidalgo and Puebla in central Mexico (lat. 19° 15’), separated into two geographical varieties. First in total stand and lumber production among the native tree species of the United States. PsEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII, A SYNONYM Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britton can be maintained as the correct name of Douglas-fir, and the recently made combination P. Menzies (Mirb.) Franco becomes a synonym, as discussed below. This species is still known in Europe as P. Douglasii (Sabine) Carr. and formerly was known also as P. mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Additional synonyms have been cited by Sprague and Green (Kew Roy. Bot. Gard. Bul. Misc. Inform. 1938: 79-80,—1938), Little (Amer. Jour. Bot. 31: 594-595,—1944), and Rehder (Bibliog. Cult. Trees Shrubs 15,—1949). In a recent article, Joao do Amaral Franco (Cedrus libanensis et Pseudotsuga Menziesii. Soc. Broteriana (Coimbra) Bol. sér. 2, 24: 73-76,—1950) has called attention to two overlooked names not in Index Kewensis: Abies taxifolia Mus. ex De Tour (1803) and Abies Menziezii Mirb. (1825). He regarded the former as an earlier homonym of A bies taxifolia Poir. (1804), the basonym of Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britton, and discovered that Abies Menziezii Mirb. was the next oldest name for this species. Thus, he made the new combination with corrected spelling, Pseudo- tsuga Menziesti (Mirb.) Franco, and transferred as additional new combinations three varieties and three forms. At the sugges- tion of John Thomas Howell, who first brought this article to my attention, I have made a further check of the nomenclature. The binomial Abies taxifolia Mus. ex Du Tour appeared in a French encyclopedia under an article “Sapin” signed “‘(D),” identifiable from the list of authors at the front of the volume as Du Tour. The first species was listed as “SAPIN COMMUN, SAPIN ARGENTE, SAPIN BLANC, SAPIN A FEUILLES D'IF, Pinus picea Linn.; Abies alba Mill.; Abies taxifolia Mus.,” followed by two paragraphs of French description, part of which was quoted by Franco. As Franco noted, Du Tour accepted Abies as a segregate from Pinus and listed Abies before Pinus at the head of the article. According to Franco, the author abbre- 184 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 ciation “Mus.” referred to the Paris Muséum d’Histoire Natu- relle. This species is now known as Abies alba Mill., though if retained in Pinus would be called Pinus Picea L., as Du Tour indicated. Fortunately, Abies taxifolia Mus., third in a list following the two legitimate names for the species under Pinus and Abies, can be rejected as not validly published, either as “merely cited as a synonym” (Art. 40) or “not accepted by the author who pub- lished it” (Art. 37 bis). There is nothing in the text or typog- raphy to indicate that Du Tour was rejecting Abies alba Mill. and publishing A. taxifolia as a new, substitute name. A name “merely mentioned incidentally” (Art. 37 bis), such as a third name listed for a species in an encyclopedia, is not validly pub- lished. Citation of “Mus.” as author instead of a person is fur- ther evidence of an unaccepted or unpublished museum name or horticultural name. On the next page (p. 115) appeared a similar unlisted museum name Abies pectinata Mus. (non Gili- bert, 1792) after Abies americana Mill., a species now known as Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Mirbel (Essai sur la distribution géographique des conifers. Paris Mus. Hist. Nat. Mém. 13: 28—76,—1825), while summariz- ing the geographic distribution of all conifers then known, val- idly published Abies Menziezii Mirb. in two places as a new name for “taxifolia Lamb. non Desf.’ (p. 70), believing that “Abies taxifolia du Jardin du Roi” had priority (p. 63). Franco (p. 76) has quoted these statements in full. Mirbel cited neither Abies taxifolia Poir. nor Abies taxifolia Mus. ex Du Tour but credited the latter to Desfontaine. This museum name was val- idly published as Abies taxifolia Desf. in 1804 (also in ed. 2, 1815, and ed. 3, 1829; also Desf., Hist. Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 570,— 1809) and independently by Villars (Cat. Méth. Pl. Jard. Stras- bourg 378,—1807). As it is not known which name had priority in 1804, Abies taxifolia Poir.-or Abies taxifolia Desf., the former should be ac- cepted by established custom (Art. 5). Efforts to determine the exact date in 1804 of the sixth volume of Lamarck and Poiret’s encyclopedia have been unsuccessful, according to Sherborn and Woodward (Jour. Bot. 44: 318-320,—1906) and Rothmaler (Chron. Bot. 5: 438—440,—1939). It may be inferred from Roth- maler’s work that the volume containing Abies taxifolia Poir. appeared some time after Jan. 11, 1804, the date established for the preceding volume. APRIL, 1952] PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 185 By examining Menzies’ type-specimen of Pinus taxifolia Lamb. collected on Vancouver Island in 1791, now in the British Museum of Natural History, Franco (p. 77) has clarified the identification. This species was described and illustrated with- out the cones, which had been lost. Some doubt whether the foliage actually represented Douglas-fir had been expressed by Valckenier Suringar (Leyden Rijks Herbarium Meded. 55: 56— 59, pl. 33,—1928). Cedrus libanensis Juss. ex Mirb., a second overlooked name adopted by Franco (p. 73) from Mirbel, is the correct name for cedar-of-Lebanon, having priority of five years over Cedrus libani Loud. The need continues for a rule to prevent further acceptance of abandoned, overlooked names in obscure old pub- lications. Mirbel’s two names could not have been taken up under my proposed change in the International Rules to reject as not effectively published a name which neither has been ac- cepted by a second author nor has been listed in an index of scientific names within the first 100 years after publication (Phy- tologia 3: 87-89,—1949). VARIETIES OF DOUGLAS-FIR If any varieties of native tree species are to be distinguished, clearly Rocky Mountain (or Colorado or blue) Douglas-fir merits separation from the typical, Pacific Coast (or Oregon) Douglas-fir of the coast. However, for some purposes these two botanical varieties need not be maintained. The silvicultural differences were long ago summarized by E. H. Frothingham (Douglas fir: a study of the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain forms. U. S. Dept. Agr. Forest Serv. Cir. 150, 38 p., illus.,—1909; die Douglas-fichte, ihre Kiistenform und Gebirgsform. Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 18: 69-95, illus. —1909), who published the first distribution map of the two varieties and five silvical variations. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA Var. TAXIFOLIA. Coast Douglas-fir. Large forest tree 20-70 m. or more (rarely to 100 m.) in height; twigs pubescent; leaves thin, dark yellow-green, with odor of pineapple; cones 6-10 cm. long, with straight erect 3-lobed bracts. Pacific Coast region from southwestern British Colum- bia south through western Washington and western Oregon to central coastal California, east to the Cascade Mountains in Oregon and to the Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada. Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britton var. taxifolia automat- 186 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 ically becomes the name of the typical, Pacific Coast Douglas-fir (Art. 28 bis). Pinus Douglasii Sabine [ex D. Don in Lamb., Descr. Genus Pinus, ed. 3 (8°), v. 2, unnumbered p. between p. 144 and p- 145, t. [47],—1832], described from Douglas’ fruiting speci- men from Columbia River, is the same. Abies mucronata Raf. and var. palustris Raf. (Atl. Jour. 120,—1832), the earliest named variety, briefly described as a smaller swamp form with spread- ing branches, apparently belong here. Rafinesque’s names were based upon Lewis and Clark’s published descriptions of plants from near the mouth of Columbia River, and Lewis’ specimen of Douglas-fir came from the banks of that stream (Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 640—1814). The second varietal epithet, Abies Douglasii var. taxifolia Loud. (Arb. Frut. Brit. 4: 2319, fig. 2231, —1838) applied to plants grown from Drummond’s seeds from the Northwest, probably refers to the typical variety or would be a homonym of it. Pinus Douglasii brevibracteata Antoine (Conif. 85, t. 33, fig. 4,—1840_47), probably also from the Northwest, was a variety with smaller cones and shorter bracts. ‘The much later varietal epithet viridis belongs here, as cited above. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA var. GLAUCA (Beissn.) Sudw., Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Colorado Douglas-fir, Blue Douglas-fir) Abies Douglasii mexicana Hartweg ex Gord. & Glend., Pinetum 16 (1858); pro syn. Hartweg ex “Senilis” [J. Nelson], Pinaceae 178 (1866); pro syn. Tsuga Lindleyana Roezl, Cat. Grain. Conif. Mex. 8 (1857), not seen; Roezl ex Otto, Hamburg. Gart. Blumenzeit. 13: 403 (1857); Roezl ex Schlecht., Linnaea 29: 329 (1858). Pseudotsuga Lindleyana [(Roezl)] Carr., Rev. Hort. [Paris] 40: 152, t. (1868). Abies Lindleyana (Roezl) A. Murray in Ravenscroft, Pinetum Brit. v. 2 (pt. 32-34), sig. 29: 4, fig. 23, 26-29 (1869); “sub-sp.” of Abies Douglasii Lindl. Tsuga Douglasii var. glauca Beissn. in Jager & Beissn., Ziergeh. Gart. Park., ed. 2, 446 (1884) not seen; seen in ed. 3, 446 (1889). Pseudotsuga Douglasii [f.] glauca Beissn., Syst. Eintheil. Conif. 41 (1887), not seen. Hort ex Beissn., Handb. Nadelh. 419 (1891). Pseudotsuga Douglasii var. glauca Mayr, Wald. Nordamer. 307, t. 6 (1890). Pseudotsuga taxifolia var. suberosa Lemmon, Erythea 1: 48 (1893). Pseudotsuga taxifolia f. glauca Beissn. ex Voss, Vilmorin Blumengart., ed. 3, 1: 1240 (1896). Pseudotsuga taxifolia [var.] glauca (Beissn.) Sudw., U. S. Dept. Agr. Forestry Bul. 14: 48 (1897). Pseudotsuga glauca Mayr, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 1901: 57 (1901), not seen; seen in ed. 2, 10: 319 (1910). Pseudotsuga Douglasii [var.] caesia Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 16: 257 (1907) [1908]. APRIL, 1952] PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 187 Pseudotsuga taxifolia B. caesia (Schwerin) Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mit- teleur. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 287 (1913). Pseudotsuga taxifolia £. caesia (Schwerin) Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 32: 62 (1922). Pseudotsuga taxifolia subsp. glauca (Mayr) Schwerin, Deut. Dendrol. Gesell. Mitt. 33: 91 (1923). Pseudotsuga glauca var. caesia (Schwerin) Fitschen in Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. ed. 3, 93 (1930). Pseudotsuga Guinieri Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 211, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 2: 1, t. (1934). Pseudotsuga macrolepis Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 219, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 2: 9, t. (1934). Pseudotsuga Flahaulti Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 332, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 6: 4, t. (1934). Pseudotsuga globulosa Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 334, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 6: 6, t. (1934). Pseudotsuga Guinieri var. parvistrobus Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 342 (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome I, v. 2, art. 6: 14 (1934). Pseudotsuga Guinieri var. mediostrobus Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 342, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome I, v. 2, art. 6: 14, t. (1934). Pseudotsuga Merrillii Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 366, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 6: 8, t. (1934). Pseudotsuga Rehderi Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 388, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome I, v. 2, art. 6: 10, t. (1934). Pseudotsuga caesia (Schwerin) Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 71: 74, t. (1937); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 2, v. 4, art. 2: 42, t. (1936). Pseudotsuga Menziesii var. caesia (Schwerin) Franco, Soc. Broteriana (Coim- bra) Bol., sér. 2, 24: 77 (1950). Pseudotsuga Menziesii var. glauca (Mayr) Franco, Soc. Broteriana (Coimbra) Bol., sér. 2, 24: 77 (1950). PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA var. GLAUCA (Beissn.) Sudw. Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir. Large forest tree 20-40 m. or more in height; twigs pubescent or glabrous; leaves blue-green, thickened, with odor of turpentine; cones 4—7 cm. long with erect or reflexed 3-lobed bracts. Rocky Mountain region from southwestern Alberta and central British Columbia south in Montana, Idaho, eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, eastern Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Colo- rado, Arizona, New Mexico, and southwestern Texas and south in moun- tains of northern and central Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Zaca- tecas, Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, Hidalgo, and Puebla). Apparently glauca is the oldest varietal epithet for Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir. Var. glauca was published by Beissner for a cultivated variation with blue-green foliage and was shown by Mayr to be a geographical variation in Colorado, New Mex- ico, and Arizona. Additional synonymy was given by Rehder (Bibliog. Cult. Trees Shrubs 15—16,—1949), who accepted this 188 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 variety as P. taxifolia var. glauca [Beissn.] Schneid. (in Silva Tarouca, Uns. Freil. Nadelh. 269, fig. 276b, 277,—1913). Rehder’s explanation is found in a footnote (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 20: 282,—1939): “Miss Flous’ species [Pseudotsuga Flahaultii Flous| is apparently only a slight form of the Rocky Mountain Douglas fir, P. taxifolia var. glauca (Beiss.) Schneid., considered a distinct species by Mayr and by Flous, a subspecies by Schwerin, a forma by Voss and published as a straight trinomial by Sudworth.” However, Sudworth should be credited as author of this varietal combination as he listed it as “Pseudotsuga taxifolia glauca (Beissn.), nom. nov.” with synonymy as one of several variations under the heading, “VARIETIES DISTINGUISHED IN CULTIVATION.” Schneider in the above reference was not making a new combi- nation and cited no earlier authors. One of the first collections of the inland Douglas-fir was made in 1838 by Hartweg (No. 439, also type-collection of P. macro- lepis Flous) at Moran near Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. Bentham (Pl. Hartweg. 57,—1840) in determining this as Abies Douglasii remarked that he saw no difference between this and Douglas’ specimen. Hartweg’s varietal name mexicana was published in synonymy. In 1857 Roezl introduced seeds from the same area to Europe under the new name Tsuga Lindleyana, as discussed below. Nuttall (No. Amer. Sylva 3: 129-131, t. 115,—1849) knew this variation, since he described and illustrated the cone bracts of Abies Douglasii as reflexed and included Rocky Mountain local- ities in the distribution. United States exploring expeditions in the West, beginning with Frémont in 1844, collected the Rocky Mountain variation but did not recognize it as distinct. Accord- ing to Sargent (Silva No. Amer. 12: 91,—1898), in 1863 C. C. Parry sent seeds from Colorado to Harvard College. In 1872 Roezl introduced quantities of seeds from Colorado to Europe, according to André (Rev. Hort. [Paris] 57: 485,—1885). Andrew Murray (Abies Douglasii. Jn Ravenscroft, Pinetum Brit. v. 2 (pt. 32-34), sig. 29, 28 pp., illus.,—1869—74) was the first to recognize the two broad geographical variations of Douglas- fir, one on the Pacific Coast as Abies Douglasii and the other in the Rocky Mountains and Mexico as “sub-sp.” Abies Lindleyana based on Roezl’s name “Abies lindleyana.” His lengthy account with a table and illustrations showing the differences has seldom been cited by later workers. \ APRIL, 1952] PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 189 Another early varietal name, Pseudotsuga taxifolia var. su- berosa Lemmon, applied to a variation with thick corky bark first detected in 1884 on San Francisco Mt., northern Arizona. Lemmon’s specimen of cut pieces of thick bark from that local- ity, perhaps an isotype, has been examined (U. S. Nat. Herb.). Varietal characteristics are not evident in some herbarium specimens, especially when the natural color of the foliage is lost. Besides differences noted under the descriptions, the Rocky Mountain variety generally has smaller cones and often shorter needles. Doubtful specimens can be placed according to local- ity. Those from California and western parts of British Colum- bia, Washington, Oregon, and Nevada may be referred to the Pacific Coast variety, while all others, including those from eastern parts of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Nevada, to the Rocky Mountain variety. Sometimes sterile specimens of Pseudotsuga and Abies are confused in herbaria. Needles of Pseudotsuga are definitely nar- nowed into short petioles at the base, are not emarginate (except in Asiatic species), have stomata only on the lower surface, and have a single vascular bundle. Also, the leaf scars in Pseudotsuga are oval, broader than long, and slightly raised forming slightly rough twigs, while leaf scars in Abies are round and level on smoothish twigs. Though Pseudotsuga is closely related to Picea and Tsuga, genera also with pendent cones having persistent scales, speci- mens are easily distinguished. Specimens of Picea and Tsuga shed their needles upon drying, leaving the twigs rough with peg-like stalks called sterigmata. In Pseudotsuga the old twigs are only slightly roughened. PsEUDOTSUGA MACROCARPA (Vasey) Mayr. Bigcone-spruce Abies Douglasii var. macrocarpa Torr. in Ives, Rept. Colo. R. pt. 4: 28 (1860); nom. nud. Abies macrocarpa Vasey, Gard. Monthly and Hort. 18: 21 (Jan., 1876). Abies Douglasii var. macrocarpa Torr. ex Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees U. S. 33 (1876); U. S. Comm. Agr. Rpt. 1875: 181 (1876). Tsuga macrocarpa Torr. ex Lemmon, Pacif. Rural Press 17: 75 (Feb. 1, 1879). Tsuga Douglasii var. macrocarpa Vasey ex Lemmon, Pacif. Rural Press 17: 75 (Feb. 1, 1879). 'Pseudotsuga Douglasii var. macrocarpa (Vasey) Engelm. in S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 120 (1879). Pseudotsuga macrocarpa [(Vasey)] Mayr, Wald. Nordamer. 278, t. 6, 8, 9 (1890). 190 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Lemmon, Calif. Board Forestry Bienn. Rpt. 3: 134, t. 12 (1890?, after Nov. 10). Pseudotsuga californica Flous, Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 66: 330, t. (1934); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 6: 2, t. (1934). PSEUDOTSUGA MACROCARPA (Vasey) Mayr. Bigcone-spruce. Medium-sized forest tree 10-20 m. or more in height, with open, broad, pyramidal crown of large, very long, spreading, horizontal or slightly drooping lower branches; leaves 1.5-3 cm. long, slightly curved, rigid, pointed, bluish-gray; cones 11-17 cm. long, reddish to dark brown, with rigid scales and slightly exserted, straight, 3-lobed bracts. Mountains of southern California. The irregular nomenclatorial history of this distinct species is summarized above. Torrey’s varietal name was nomen nudum, — apparently validly published by Vasey with a brief description. However, as Vasey’s publication of the new species Abies macro- carpa probably appeared earlier in 1876 than that of the va- riety, Vasey should be cited as original author. Mayr’s publica- tion of the combination Pseudotsuga macrocarpa appeared be- fore Lemmon’s, as Sudworth (U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forestry Bul. 14: 49 —1897) indicated. The report containing Lemmon’s bi- nomial quoted from letters dated as late as Nov. 5 and 10, 1890 (pp. 51, 61). Mayr did not cite Vasey or Torrey but mentioned Engelmann’s varietal name, through which this combination may be traced irregularly back to Vasey. I have examined the type collected by J. S. Newberry with the Ives Colorado Expedition in mountains near San Felipe, Nov. 16-17, 1857, and consisting of a sterile branch and a detached cone 15 cm. long (U. S. Nat. Herb.). The first collection of this species was made in 1850 by C. C. Parry on mountains east of San Diego, California, but was identified as Abies Douglasi Lindl. by Torrey (U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. Bot. 21, 210,—1859). Bigcone-spruce is endemic to southern California. The report from San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico, by Sudworth (Forest Trees Pacific Slope 105,—1908) was not sup- ported by specimens and apparently resulted from an error in compiling data. Later records from the same locality by Stand- ley (Trees Shrubs Mex. 59,—1920), Munns (U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 287, map 39,—1938), and others probably were based upon that reference. This species is absent from published lists of the conifers of that area by T. S. Brandegee (Zoe 4: 199-210,— 1893), Edward A. Goldman (U. S. Natl. Mus., Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 16: 309-371, illus.,—1916), and Ira L. Wiggins (N. Y. Bot. Gard. Jour. 41: 267-269, illus.,—1940). No specimens APRIL, 1952] PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 191 of this species from Mexico are known. Martinez (Mex. Inst. de Biol. An. 20: 146, 181,—1949) found no confirmation of this species from Mexico. FLous’ NAMES IN PSEUDOTSUGA F. Flous (Révision du genre Pseudotsuga. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 71: 33-164, illus..—_1937; preprinted as Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 2, v. 4, art. 2, 132 pp., illus. —1936) accepted for western North America 12 species and 1 variety of Pseudotsuga. Botanists and foresters in the United States have not taken this interpretation seriously. However, Martinez (Mex. Inst. de Biol. An. 20: 129-184, illus. —1949) followed her in accepting 4 species and | variety for Mexico. All of Flous’ segregates have been placed in the lists of synonyms in this article, and most were cited as synonyms by Rehder (Bibl. Cult. Trees Shrubs 15—-16,—1949). An evaluation of these names fol- lows. Earlier, Flous and Gaussen (Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 64: 483-492,—1932 (not seen); Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 1, v. 2, art. 20, 10 pp., illus.,—1932) accepted 2 species of Douglas- fir, P. Douglasii and P. glauca. In 1934 Flous published an article containing 2 new American species of Pseudotsuga (Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. ‘Toulouse Bul. 66: 211-224, illus.,—1934; Lab. Forest. ‘Tou- louse Trav. tome I, v. 2, art. 2, 14 pp., illus.,—1934) and another with 6 new species, 1 new variety, keys, and a distribution map based upon the 125 specimens studied (Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Tou- louse Bul. 66: 329-346, illus..—1934; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome I, v. 2, art. 6, 18 pp., illus.,—1934). It seemed curious indeed to her (op. cit., p. 329; p. 1) that only 1 species of Pseudotsuga was admitted for western North Amer- ica, while the related genus Abies had 11 species and Picea 4 species in the same territory. Introduced into Europe, this so- called species presented different biological types distinguished by foresters and horticulturists. Then after segregating 8 new species and | variety, she noted that, as she had naturally sup- posed, Pseudotsuga did have nearly as many species as Abies in that region! This long monograph contained detailed anatomical descrip- tions well illustrated by drawings. Apparently the only herbaria in the United States from which specimens were cited were those at New York Botanical Garden and Arnold Arboretum, while 192 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 larger collections in western herbaria were not consulted. Culti- vated trees in arboreta were examined, but no field work was done in the United States. In the introduction to her mono- graph (op. cit., p. 33; p. 1), Flous explained that anatomical study had revealed the existence of a large number of species with geographic distribution well individualized. Two keys were presented (pp. 161-164; pp. 129-132), one based on mor- phological characters, such are variations in cone bracts, ar- rangement of leaves, and pubescence of twigs, and the other on anatomical characters of leaves and twigs. The first objection to Flous’ work is that anatomical charac- ters have limited application in the classification of trees. Spe- cific differences in these large plants must be based primarily upon characters of gross morphology, chiefly of the reproduc- tive organs, which can be preserved in herbarium specimens and be readily observed. Other criteria, such as microscopic leaf and wood anatomy, chromosome numbers, chemical composition, hardiness, disease resistance, etc., though often important in phylogeny, identification of incomplete specimens, and eco- nomic aspects, are of secondary value and of minor importance in classification unless correlated with macroscopic characters. Though most species of Pinus can be identified by microscopic examination of the needles, it does not follow that less distinct variations in leaf anatomy in Pseudotsuga demonstrate different species. Tree populations differing only in internal characteris- tics would remain within the same species on the basis of ex- ternal gross morphology. Obviously, the macroscopic characters used by Flous to dis- tinguish segregates in Pseudotsuga are minor, inconspicuous, or inconstant. Otherwise they could not have escaped notice of numerous resident botanists and foresters who have observed the vast forests of these trees in western United States during the past century. Surely these persons who have made field studies of wild trees over large areas are qualified to detect specific vari- ations in Pseudotsuga. One serious objection to Flous’ segregates is that for the most part they are not geographically separate or individualized but have overlapping ranges. In her map (op. cit., p. 345; p. 17), Flous showed 3 species of Pseudotsuga with overlapping ranges in Colorado, 4 in Utah, 5 in New Mexico, and 6 in Arizona (plus a seventh, P. macrocarpa, from Arizona in a note on the follow- APRIL, 1952] © PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 193 ing page). Later Kearney and Peebles (Ferns Fl. Pl. Ariz. 65,— 1942; Ariz. Fl. 55-56,—1951) accepted only one species, P. taxi- folia, for Arizona, as did I (Southwest. Trees. U. S$. Dept. Agr. Handb. 9: 18-19, illus.—1950) for New Mexico and Arizona. She indicated 4 or 5 species of Pseudotsuga from Mexico, which Martinez accepted. However, the latter’s map (Mex. Inst. de Biol. An. 20: 146, fig. 20,—1949) showed 2 to 4 species occurring together at most localities, a peculiar distribution. I have examined in the U. S. National Herbarium of the United States National Museum duplicates of specimens cited by Flous, including isotypes and topotypes, as well as her types at the New York Botanical Garden, and fail to find differences meriting specific segregation. Three of Flous’ segregate specific names probably are nomen- claturally superfluous, apparently including the types of older species. Pseudotsuga vancouverensis Flous is a synonym of the typical variety of P. taxifolia, as the types of both came from Vancouver Island. As noted by Martinez (Mex. Inst. de Biol. An, 20: 146-150,—1949) and confirmed below, P. Lindleyana (Roezl) Carr. is an older name for P. macrolepis Flous, since the types of both came from near Pachuca, Hidalgo. For P. macrocarpa (Vasey) Mayr she cited only cultivated specimens, referring all 8 specimens of that species from southern California to her new species P. californica, though she saw only a fragment of a cone among these (Soc. d’Hist. Nat. ‘Toulouse Bul. 71: 47,—1937; Lab. Forest. ‘Toulouse Trav. tome 2, v. 4, art. 2: 15,—1936). As cited above, the seven remaining species segregated by Flous are here regarded as synonyms of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, P. taxi- folia var. glauca (listed by Flous as P. glauca). That the large number of species cannot be maintained in Pseudotsuga is confirmed by examination of Flous’ lists of speci- mens studied. The 125 North American specimens examined were cited in full with various errors in spelling of collectors and localities, apparently a result of transcribing and typesetting in a foreign language. (Thus, “E. MARCUS, A.-M. JONES” were listed as collectors.) Five of the 8 new species from North Amer- ica were based upon fewer than 10 specimens each, and P. van- couverensis upon only 3 sheets. In several instances specimens from one locality were cited under 2 or 3 species. For example, collections from Cloudcroft (variously misspelled), New Mexico, were divided among these 194 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 3 species: P. Flahaulti, P. Guinieri, P. Guinieri mediostrobus, and P. Rehdert. Specimens from San Francisco Mt., Arizona, were listed under 3 species: P. Flahaulti, P. globulosa, and P. Guinieri mediostrobus. In 3 cases duplicate specimens bearing the same collector’s number but borrowed from different herbaria were cited by the monographer under different “species”! J. A. Moore & J. A. Steyermark 3471 from Guadalupe Mts., Culberson Co., Texas, was listed under both P. Flahaulti and P. Guinieri mediostrobus. C. H. Mueller 7950 from Chisos Mts., Texas, appeared under P. Flahaulti and also by number without collector’s name under P. macrolepis. J. H. Sandberg & J. B. Leiberg 643, Lake Wenat- chee, Washington, was cited under P. Douglasii, while another specimen under P. caesia had the same number and other data without collectors’ names. RoeEzv’s NAMES REFERRED TO PSEUDOTSUGA A few names given to conifers of central Mexico by Roezl in 1857 and 1858 should be identified in a search for the oldest varietal and specific names for the Rocky Mountain or inland Douglas-fir. Benedict Roezl (1824-1885), a noted Czech plant collector and horticulturist, introduced to European gardens tons of tropical American plants, especially orchids and bulbs, and quantities of seeds during about 16 years of strenuous and hazardous field work from Mexico south to Peru and Bolivia. Interesting biographical notes have appeared in horticultural and botanical journals (Gard. Chron., new ser., 2: 73, portr.,— 1874; Belg. Hort. 1880: 5-12, portr.—1880; Rev. Hort. [Paris] 57: 485, 543-547-1885; Gartenflora 34: 330-331,—1885; Bot. Gaz. 44: 414,—1907; etc.). The son of a gardener, he began his horticultural career in his thirteenth year as an apprentice in gardens in Bohemia. After working on estates in different Euro- pean countries, he became associated with the Belgian Govern- ment horticultural school. In 1854 he went to Mexico and founded a nursery for introducing European fruit trees while sending back tropical plants. He collected seeds in western United States in 1870 and 1872. At Denver in 1872 a hotel book- keeper ran away with his savings of $2,000, in one of seventeen times all his possessions were stolen. (He never carried a gun and earlier had lost his left arm.) Not discouraged, he obtained in Colorado seeds of wild flowers and other plants including a APRIL, 1952] PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 195 rich collection of Douglas-fir cones which served to introduce the inland variant to Europe. Then from California he intro- duced to Europe the popular ornamental palm, California Washingtonia [Washingtonia filifera (Linden) H. Wendl.]. Roezl wrote little, leaving the naming of his novelties to others. His 34-page commercial “Catalogue des Graines de Coni- feres Mexicains,” by B. Roezl & Cie. (not seen), published in Mexico City in 1857, contained brief descriptions of 82 new species of Pinus, 1 of Juniperus, and Tsuga Lindleyana Roezl. Otto (Hamburg. Gart. Blumenzeit. 13: 401-410,—1857) prompt- ly published German translations of these. In another catalog Roezl (Cat. Grain. Conif. Mex. 1858-59: 5.—1858; not seen) pub- lished A bies glaucescens and A. tlapalcatuda from Monte de Las Cruces near Mexico City and several more new pines. Schlech- tendal (Linnaea 29: 326-356, 399-404 —1858) translated descrip- tions from both catalogs into Latin, expressing doubt that there were so many species. If transferred to Pseudotsuga, Roezl’s epithets must be re- tained for his specimens (Art. 54). Many of these specimens may have been neglected or lost, according to Shaw (Pines Mexico 3, table,—1909), who showed that Roezl’s 82 species of Pinus published in a commercial seed catalog belonged to 6 or 7 pre- viously named species, based upon independent interpretations of authentic material by three contemporaneous monographers of conifers, Gordon, Carriére, and Parlatore. These three monographers all agreed that Tsuga Lindleyana Roezl represented a variation of Douglas-fir and all united Roezl’s new names in A bies under one species or variety of A bies. Gordon and Glendinning (Pinetum 149,—1858; Sup. Gord. Pinetum 47,—1862) combined the two species of Abies listed above, A. glauca Roezl “in Gard. Chron.,” and A. hirtella Roezl all under Picea glaucescens (Roezl) Gord., using Picea in the modern sense of Abies. They placed Tsuga Lindleyana under Abies Douglasti taxifolia Loud. (Pinetum 16,—1858). Parlatore (Coniferae. Jn DC., Prodr. 16 (2): 430, 420,—1868) cited Tsuga Lindleyana under Pinus Douglasii Sabine and Roezl’s species of Abies as synonyms of Pinus religiosa H. B. K. Carriére (Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2, 274,—1867) reduced Roezl’s species of Abies to a new variety, Abies religiosa var. glaucescens (Roezl) Carr., but published in synonymy the doubt- ful combination (?) Pseudotsuga glaucescens. From Roezl’s de- 196 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 scription he placed this variation from the mountains of Las Cruces, Mexico, under Abies but noted that plants from seeds sent by Roezl agreed with Psewdotsuga though lacking cones. Another new variety A. religiosa var. Lindleyana Carr. (p. 275) was described there from Roezl’s plants based upon A. Lindley- ana Roezl, a name published in synonymy there. ‘Though he erected the new monotypic genus Pseudotsuga Carr. (p. 256) in the same volume, Carriére retained Tsuga Lindleyana as a little known species of Tsuga (p. 254). A year later, Carriére (Pseudotsuga Lindleyana. Rev. Hort. [Paris] 40: 152, t..—1868) published the new combination Pseudotsuga Lindleyana, citing Tsuga Lindleyana and his quo- tation of Roezl’s description (Carr., Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2, 254,—1867) though not mentioning Roezl. This emended de- scription confirming the generic position was accompanied by an excellent colored plate showing two cones. He explained that now he had seen branches with cones sent to l’Exposition Uni- verselle by the Rovelle Brothers, Italian horticulturists. He ob- served that this species was related to P. Douglasii, of which it was probably only a form, but mentioned the smaller cones with narrower, serrulate, reflexed bracts. (Evidently plants from Roezl’s seeds distributed eleven years earlier had now borne cones.) Other contemporary specialists confirmed that Tsuga Lind- leyana represented Douglas-fir. Lindley (Gard. Chron. 1859: 829,—1858), whom the name honored, in an editorial note men- tioned this as a Mexican form of Douglas-fir. J. Nelson (“Seni- lis,” Pinaceae 223,—1866) cited Tsuga Lindleyana under Doug- las-fir. A. Murray (in Ravenscroft, Pinetum Brit. v. 2 (pt. 32-34), sig. 29: 4, fig. 23, 26-29,—1869) reduced Roezl’s name “Abies Lindleyana” to a subspecies of Abies Douglasii Lindl., for the geographical variation in the Rocky Mountains and Mexico. Bailly (Pseudotsuga glaucescens. Rev. Hort. [Paris] 67: 88-90, t.—1895) posthumously made the combination Pseudotsuga glaucescens (Roezl) Bailly based upon Abies glaucescens Roezl. Though leaving the question to be settled by botanists, he stated that if he were qualified to decide he would call this a Mexican variety of Douglas-fir as did Hartweg and would name it P. Douglasii glaucescens (p. 89). In an editorial note following dis- cussion of Bailly’s article, André (Rev. Hort. [Paris] 67: 159- 160,—1895) stated that this was not the old variety glauca of APRIL, 1952] PSEUDOTSUGA IN NORTH AMERICA 197 Douglas-fir which turned up spontaneously in seedlings from seeds from northwestern California but admitted that it might be the same as that introduced about 1872 by Roezl from Colo- rado as P. Douglasti glauca. Sargent (Silva No. Amer. 12: 91,—1898), noting that plants of Douglas-fir from Colorado and mountains of Mexico had a blue and glaucous foliage, regarded P. glaucescens Bailly as a form. Elwes and Henry (Trees Great Brit. Ireland 4: 815,—1909) united Pseudotsuga Lindleyana Carr., raised from Mexican seeds sent by Roezl, and P. glaucescens Bailly under P. Douglasii var. glauca Beissn., explaining that plants grown in Europe from these Mexican seeds did not seem to differ from the Colorado variety. In their revision of Abies, Viguie and Gaussen (Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 58: 502-503,—1929; Lab. Forest. ‘Toulouse Trav. tome 2, v. 2, art. 1: 324-325, —1929) listed Roezl’s species of Abies as synonyms of Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schlecht. & Cham. Franco (Abetos. 260 pp., illus.,—1950) in a recent treat- ment cited Roezl’s catalog but not his names. Roezl’s names were placed as doubtful synonyms under Pseudotsuga in the revision of that genus by Flous (Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Toulouse Bul. 71: 92,1937; Lab. Forest. Toulouse Trav. tome 2, v. 4, art. 2: 60,—1936) and by Rehder (Arnold Arboretum Jour. 20: 282- 283,—1939). Flous (op. cit., pp. 36, 92,—1937; pp. 4, 60,—1936) was uncertain which of her three later segregates was the same as Tsuga Lindleyana Roezl, which possibly was a Tsuga, and placed the latter doubtfully and P. Lindleyana Carr. probably as synonyms of P. Flahaulti Flous. Through field studies of Mexican conifers, Martinez has helped clarify Roezl’s names. In his monograph of the genus Abies in Mexico, Martinez (Mex. Inst. de Biol. An. 19: 11-104, illus..—1948) placed Roezl’s species of Abies from Monte de Las Cruces under A. religiosa (H.B.K.) Schlecht. & Cham. (pp. 49-50). Monte de Las Cruces, where the latter does occur but where Pseudotsuga is unknown, is located about 35 kilometers west of Mexico City. I have collected A. religiosa near there also. In monographing Pseudotsuga in Mexico, Martinez (Mex. Inst. de Biol. An. 20: 129-184, illus..—1949) placed Tsuga Lind- leyana Roezl, collected near Real del Monte, near Pachuca, Hidalgo, as a synonym of P. macrolepis Flous because that was the only species of Pseudotsuga in that locality (pp. 147-150). He 198 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 noted that the genus Tswga does not occur in Mexico but fol- lowed Flous in passing over Roezl’s briefly described name. In a letter Martinez kindly has informed me that in the State of Hidalgo Pseudotsuga and Abies grow intermixed but when not bearing cones can be distinguished by the buds, inner bark, and leaf cross section. Thus, Pseudotsuga Lindleyana (Roezl) Carr. is the name for the Rocky Mountain and Mexican Douglas-fir if accepted as a distinct species, replacing P. glauca Mayr. ‘Though not mention- ing the peculiar cone bracts of Pseudotsuga, Roezl in his brief original description of Tsuga Lindleyana recorded the cones as persistent after seeds are shed and the leaves as petiolate. Both characters indicate Pseudotsuga rather than Abies. After eight- een years of horticultural experience in European gardens, surely Roezl was qualified to place his cone-bearing wild trees of Tsuga and Abies in the proper genera. Likewise, in the ab- sence of Roezl’s specimens, it seems best to follow his contempo- raries in retaining the early varietal epithets Abies religiosa var. glaucescens (Roezl) Carr. and var. Lindleyana Carr. in Abies rather than to transfer either to Pseudotsuga. Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. ERIOGONUM NOTES II: E. POLYPODUM SMALL BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL In the southern Sierra Nevada above middle elevations, broad areas covered with a coarse arkosic sand are a distinctive and characteristic feature in unglaciated parts. This sand commonly occurs on mesas and plateaus, on level valley floors, or on gentle bounding slopes, but occasionally it is also found on steeper slopes where it is freshly derived from disintegrating granitic rocks and crags. Below timberline the slopes and meadow bor- ders in these sandy places are usually forested with an open growth of either Pinus Balfouriana or P. Murrayana, but since the substratum is so very porous and dry and nearly devoid of humus, very few shrubs and perennial herbs are found beneath the trees. Castanopsis sempervirens and Arctostaphylos patula are perhaps the commonest shrubs in these woods and among APRIL, 1952] ERIOGONUM NOTES 199 the herbaceous perennials may be noted Stipa Elmeri, Allium tribracteatum, Arenaria congesta var. suffrutescens, Arabis pyg- maea, Potentilla santolinoides, Lupinus oreocharis, Oreonana Clementis, and Hulsea vestita. It is in this specialized subalpine habitat where Eriogonum polypodum Small is usually found. Eriogonum polypodum was based on a collection made by Ed- ward Palmer in the Kern River drainage in 1888. Partly due toa mistaken detail or two in the original description and to Small’s subsequent confusion of the plant with E. marifolium T. & G., E. polypodum has been variously interpreted, but since it be- longs to the patently difficult E. umbellatum complex it is not surprising that the systematic position of the plant is scarcely fixed even yet. In the original description in 1898 Small described the fila- ments and achenes as glabrous, but as Dr. Abrams has noted on the type sheet (annotated, December, 1937) and has later indi- rectly indicated in his flora, the filaments are densely pilose on the lower half and the ovary is sparsely hairy near the top. In 1899, basing his report on specimens determined by Small, C. H. Merriam reported E£. polypodum as “the commonest and most widely distributed Eriogonum of the higher slopes” of Mt. Shasta. As disclosed by a specimen in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., the Merriam plant is E. marifolium T. & G. From E. polypodum, E. marifolium and the closely related E. incanum T. & G. may be distinguished by the short (less than 1 mm.) styles which in E. polypodum (and the E. umbellatum group) are 2 mm. or more long. Jepson correctly identified the Shasta buckwheat but, per- haps as a result, erroneously referred E. polypodum to synonymy under E. marifolium in his Flora. Miss Stokes, in her revision of the genus, preceded Abrams in removing E. polypodum from E. marifolium and in referring it to the E. umbellatum group, but herbarium annotations and later determinations show that this name and transfer were ap- plicable in her usage to a related but quite different plant, E. Covillei Small. That plant is a yellow-flowered subalpine dwarf of the southern Sierra Nevada, but, though it is also related to E. umbellatum, it is essentially different from E. polypodum in many details. Plants of E. polypodum, on the other hand, were regarded by Miss Stokes as related to E. ursinum Wats., and in her revision and annotations these plants are accounted for in that species under the varietal names, var. Covillei (Small) Stokes and var. venosum Stokes. 200 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 This confusion came to my attention in 1942 when I first found E. polypodum near Sand Meadow on Chagoopa Plateau and my collection was determined by Miss Stokes as E. Covillet (cf. Base Camp Botany 1942, p. 12, under “Eriogonum sp.”). By annotation at that time I tentatively referred the plant to E. polypodum, noting, however, that the hairy filaments and ovary did not agree with the original description. The type of E. poly- podum was not then available because of air-raid precautions in force at the New York Botanical Garden, so my specimen was filed and the matter forgotten until I again found the plant in the southern Sierra Nevada on the 1949 Sierra Club Base Camp outing. This time I reported the plant as related to E. umbella- tum var. versicolor Stokes (Base Camp Botany, 1949, p. 12). That name, however, applies to plants of the desert ranges, particu- larly those in the Panamint Mts., and, though the coloration of the flowers in that variety and in E. polypodum is similar the two names now seem applicable to different plants. Perhaps it is too soon to decide what name the plant under consideration should have, but several taxonomic matters are very clear. Certainly the plant is not referable to E. marifolium T. & G., which is dioecious and brachystylous. Nor do I believe it closely related to E. ursinum Wats., a plant which differs more or less in details of habit, involucral lobes, perianth-segments, pubescence of filaments, ovary, and achene. Rather, E. polypo- dum appears closely related to E. umbellatum, that widespread western American complex which embraces so many diverse elements. Diverse as E. umbellatum is — from the tall erect shrubs of E. dumosum Greene to the compact subprostrate mats of E. Covillei Small and from the ochroleucous or rose-tinged flowers of E. subalpinum Greene and var. versicolor Stokes to the sul- phur-yellow and rubiginose flowers of E. polyanthum Benth. and E. speciosum Drew — yet, E. polypodum seems a thing apart. Just as Miss Stokes consistently referred plants of E. poly- podum to a species other than E. umbellatum, I too, believe it should be separated specifically. Its prostrate habit, its ovatish leaves with rounded or cordate base, and its chalky-white flow- ers with reddish midvein give it a different appearance. These features, together with the more technical character of the short, triangular-deltoid, mostly ascending involucral lobes, perhaps do not entirely separate E. polypodum from one or another of APRIL, 1952] ERIOGONUM NOTES 201 the less frequent variants in E. umbellatum, but in the character of its achene it appears to be quite different. Species of Eriogonum subgenus Eueriogonum that are related to E. umbellatum have achenes whose pericarps generally ex- hibit two kinds of cellular texture. The upper part tends to be smooth, somewhat brittle (crustaceous), a little shiny, and more or less utricular-turgid, while the lower part is wrinkled, mem- branous, dull, and usually, but not always, closely adherent to the base of the achene. The proportion between these two parts varies from almost (or quite?) none in some forms of E. umbella- tum to a very short triangular-cuneate base in E. ursinum and to a somewhat more extended base (about 14 to 14 the length of the achene) in certain variants of E. umbellatum. In all these, the achene is generally equally 3-sided, although it tends to be compressed at the base. The achene of E. polypodum differs in several details from all others examined. In it the wrinkled adherent part is over half the length, and the upper beak-like part, conspicuously cellular-papillose, is free from the seed but not at all turgid. The lower part is strongly compressed, and below the 3-sided beak, there is scarcely an indication of the three angles which are so prominent in the beak. Whereas the lower part of the pericarp is mostly longitudinally wrinkled or folded in the E. umbellatum type, in E. polypodum the pericarp is rather finely wrinkled both longitudinally and transversely. As in so many groups of plants, fruiting specimens in the E. umbellatum complex are not too numerous, but in the Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. collection of more than 400 specimens from all western states and British Columbia, a sufficient number of fruiting plants among the different variants has been examined, it is believed, to advance the specificity of E. polypodum on the character of its achene and the other features noted above. How- ever, so close is the relationship between it and E. umbellatum, future study of more abundant fruiting material may show it better accepted as a subspecific taxon of that polymorphic as- semblage. On the other hand, adequate fruiting collections in the general E. umbellatum assemblage may disclose one or more other specific lines of cleavage within the complex, a possibility definitely suggested by variations in achene morphology ob- served in my brief and restricted study. The following summarizes the taxonomic and bibliographic data presented above: 202 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 ERIOGONUM CoviLLeI Small. E. umbellatum var. polypodum sens. Stokes. in herb., not E. polypodum Small. ERIOGONUM MARIFOLIUM T. & G. E. polypodum C. H. Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna 16: 143 (1899), not Small. ERIOGONUM POLYPODUM Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 46 (1898); Abrams Tll. Fl. 2: 27 (1944), under E. umbellatum Torr. var. minus Johnston, as “E. polycladon.” E. marifolium in small part, not T. & G.: Jepson FI. Calif. 1: 428 (1913); Smiley, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 165 (1921). E. ursinum Wats. var. venosum Stokes ex Smiley, ibid. 164; Stokes, Gen. Eriogonum 114 (1936). E. ursinum var. Covillei (Small) Stokes, ibid. 115, sens. Stokes. in herb., not E. Covillei Small. E. umbellatum var. polypodum (Small) Stokes, ibid. 113, as to name and type only. Eriogonum sp. J. T. Howell, Base Camp Botany, 1942, p. 12 (1942). E. umbellatum var. versicolor J. T. Howell, Base Camp Botany, 1949, p. 12 (1949), not Stokes. Representative collections, all except the last from Tulare County, Cali- fornia: Long Meadow, 8000 to 9000 ft., June 7-14, 1888, Palmer No. 204 (N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; Herb. Gray., U. S. Nat. Herb.); near Sand Meadows, Chagoopa Plateau, about 10,000 ft., July 31, 1942, Howell No. 17496; granitic sand under Pinus Balfouriana, Mt. Guyot near timberline, about 11,000 ft., July 22, 1949, Howell No. 25594; Rock Creek, 10,500 ft., Aug. 11, 1949, Howell 26221; Siberian Pass Creek, 11,000 ft., July 25, 1949, Howell 25720; Golden Trout Creek, 9650 ft., July 26, 1949, Howell 25793; the Tunnel to Ramshaw Meadow in granitic gravel of open pine forest, 8900 ft., July 30, 1949, Howell 25905; near Buck Rock, 8000 ft., July 6, 1940, H. & M. Dearing 4408 (Herb. Univ. Calif.); Mt. Silliman, 9800 ft., Fresno County, Aug. 22, 1905, K. Brandegee (Herb. Univ. Calif. No. 77754, type of E. ursinum var. venosum Stokes). For permission to examine specimens, I am grateful to the curators of the following herbaria: Dudley Herbarium, Gray Herbarium, New York Botani- cal Garden, United States National Herbarium, and the University of Cali- fornia. Unless otherwise indicated, cited collections are represented in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. THE LITTLE SUR MANZANITA, A NEW SPECIES BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Arctostaphylos Edmundsii J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Frutex humilis sub- prostratus, 1-5 dm. altus, 2.5-3.5 m. latus, ramis radicantibus, cortice squa- mata, ramulis pubescentibus pilis tenuibus albis patentibus eglandulosis plerumque 0.5-1 mm. longis, trichomatibus elongatis crassis nullis; foliis haud stomatiferis supra, foliis maioribus 2-3 cm. longis, 1.5-2.3 cm. latis, late ovatis ellipticis vel subrotundis, obtusis subobusisve, saepe mucronu- latis, basi cordatis vel raro truncatis, viridibus, glabris vel subglabris, margine piloso-ciliatis, breviter petiolatis, petiolis 2-4 mm. longis, pilosellis; inflores- centia parva compacta simplici vel interdum pauciramosa, rhachidibus APRIL, 1952] LITTLE SUR MANZANITA 203 pilosis haud glandulosis, bracteis foliaceis infra, supra minoribus et squami- formibus, pilosis et interdum paululum glandulosis, pedicellis tenuiter glanduloso-puberulis, 3-4 mm. longis; sepalis reflexis post anthesin; corolla 5 mm. longa, carnea; ovario glabro; drupis fulvis, depressis, circa 8 mm. diametro, nuculis separatis. Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 369850, collected by Louis L. Edmunds on an ocean bluff near the mouth of the Little Sur River, Monterey County, California, Nov. 29, 1951. Mr. Edmunds writes of his plant as follows: “During the sum- mer of 1949, I visited the Little Sur River on the Monterey coast to collect seed of Ceanothus griseus var. horizontalis and discov- ered a colony of low-growing manzanitas which were unlike any I had previously encountered. There were possibly a dozen plants in the colony and they varied in height from six to eighteen inches. . . . On Nov. 28, 1950, and on Nov. 29, 1951, I again visited the colony and both times found the manzanita in bloom. .. . I have never seen this plant elsewhere on the Mont- erey coast but, of course, I have gone over only a small fraction of the area and the plants may occur elsewhere. ‘The plants are free-flowering and the color of the flowers is flesh-pink. The bright green leaves, especially on the younger foliage, are tinged red on margins and midrib. The plant may be an undescribed species or it may be a hybrid; I am calling it the Little Sur Man- zanita.”” According to Mr. Edmunds, Adenostoma fasciculatum, Rhamnus californica, and Salvia mellifera, as well as the Ceano- thus, grow in the vicinity. Arctostaphylos Edmundsii appears to be most closely related to A. pechoensis Dudley, a species restricted to coastal hills and mountains in San Luis Obispo County, but differs in its broad subprostrate habit, subglabrous leaves that are stomatiferous only on the lower side, glandular-puberulent pedicels, and glab- rous ovary. However, the spreading habit, the pilose pubescence of the stems and inflorescence, and the disposition of the stomata correspond to those details in A. Uva-ursi as that widespread species occurs along the central and northern California coast. It would seem that A. Edmundsii may be related to both species. Although A. Edmundsii should be too far distant from pres- ent-day members of both the A. pechoensis and A. Uva-urst groups to predicate a hybrid origin for so isolated a plant, I be- lieve it not unreasonable to assume that it may have been de- rived from an ancient cross between those two groups. Arcto- 204 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 10 staphylos Uva-ursi is not now known so far south, but A. pumila, a close relative, is not too far away on dunes at the north end of the Santa Lucia Mts., while A. pechoensis is now restricted to the south end of the same range. Perhaps these two species-types have not always been separated by the length of the Santa Lucia Mts. but may have once grown together. However A. Edmundsii may have originated, it is a most in- teresting and provocative plant well deserving specific recogni- tion, and horticulturally, as the Little Sur Manzanita, it should become a valued and cherished garden subject. I am grateful for the opportunity to name it in honor of Mr. Edmunds who is not only a keen student of California perennials but also a discriminating grower of our native plants. PARSLEY FOR MarRIN County. On May 30, 1951, I found the common cultivated parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Mans- feld, abundantly naturalized on the estate of the late Ralston E. White, in upper Blithedale Canyon, Mount Tamalpais, my No. 2893. Here it was common about a seepage area and was also becoming established on a stone wall and by roadsides. It is un- doubtedly persisting here, for as far as I am able to discover, it is no longer in cultivation in the immediate neighborhood. While this widely cultivated plant may well be expected to occur commonly in the vicinity of neglected gardens, it is ap- parently as yet quite a rare weed, and has been collected only a few times in California.—Peter H. Raven. ARRIVAL OF CHORISPORA IN CALIFORNIA. Chorispora tenella DC. has been known for some years from many of the western states except California: Oregon (Peck, Man. p. 338); Washing- ton (Yakima Co., Thompson 11,314); Idaho (Nez Perce Co., Sharsmith 4005); Nevada (Nye Co., Ripley & Barneby 3552); and, Arizona (Coconino Co., Story in 1950). ‘This Old World peregrinator has now arrived in California: grainfield weed on the Dougherty Ranch, 1 mile northwest of Gazelle, Siskiyou Co., S. D. Nelson in 1951. It is a mauve-flowered annual mustard and can be distinguished from all others in California by its indehiscent, long-beaked, slender silique which breaks trans- versely into 2-seeded lomentaceous fragments.—John ‘Thomas Howell. Vol. VI No. 11 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS PAGE The Albert Prager Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences . . . . . . 205 ALICE EAsTwoop Plant Notes from San Francisco, California . . . . 208 PETER H. RAVEN Mineral King and Some ofits Plants . . . . . . 212 Joun THomas HOWELL Apium leptophyllumin California. . . . . . . 219 Joun THOMAS HoweELi This number published with funds from THE CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Aucust 12, 1952 BOTAN GARI LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bort. Owned and published by Joxun THomas HOWELL AUGUST, 1952] ALBERT PRAGER HERBARIUM 205 THE ALBERT PRAGER HERBARIUM OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BY ALICE EASTWOOD On Sept. 10, 1920, Oscar Prager came to me with a letter of introduction from Otto von Geldern, who for many years was Vice-President of the California Academy of Sciences. Mr. Pra- ger came to consult me about the purchase by the Academy of one of the largest private herbariums in Europe, known as the Albert Prager Herbarium of Leipzig, Germany. On Sept. 20, I received a letter from Oscar Prager enclosing Albert Prager’s statement written in German and signed by him. This told the history of his herbarium and described the very important col- lections made by famous scientists in many parts of the world that were included in it. A free translation of this statement, written by Albert Prager in Leipzig in May, 1920, follows: HERBARIUM ALBERT PRAGER The Herbarium was founded in 1878 through my own collections in Germany, the Alps, and northern Italy. It had its first important enlarge- ment through the purchase of the Herbarium Hampeanum. This collec- tion, a legacy of Prof. Hampe, I purchased in 1886 at a rather high price from the son of the deceased Dr. Hampe. The herbarium contained, aside from German and Mediterranean plants, a great rarity, the authentic her- barium of the flora of South Africa and the Cape region collected by Ecklon and Zeyher in 1843 and 1844, containing about 1200 species of which a great many kinds were until then unknown.1 The famous expedition of these two botanists is considered the foundation of the botanical explora- tion of South Africa. There are only a few sets of these specimens and they are now hardly anywhere for sale. In 1886 and 1892, my herbarium was enlarged, besides my own collections, by the purchase of two scientific herbaria, namely, the herbarium of Prof. Stengler and the very important herbarium of Prof. Schlechtendahl. The latter is especially important as it contains the collections of the botanical expeditions of Prof. Willkom (Spain), of Professors Fischer and Meyer (Med- iterranean countries and Algeria), of Prof. Spruner’s first scientific expedi- tion to Greece and Asia Minor (with many, until that time, unknown spe- cies), and, the most important of all, the great Arabia-Sinai-Egypt expedi- tion collections of Prof. Schimper. This expedition of Schimper, which 1. The plants collected by Ecklon and Zeyher are characteristically ticketed by a small printed label which carries the name of the plant and two Arabic numerals. The first number refers to the rer where the plant was collected, the second gives the date when it was collected. The catalogue for locality data was published in Linnaea 19: 582-598 (1847), and 20: 258 (1847). Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 205-220, August 12, 1952. 206 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 11 within two years, 1825 and 1826, traversed botanically very little-known countries, was a botanical triumph. It was only made possible through kindness of the Turkish rulers such as was never before shown to a Chris- tian expedition. At that time no globe-trotters went to Arabia, and the country was strictly barred to all unbelievers. This complete collection probably cannot be purchased at all at the present day. A new period of growth came to the Herbarium Prager through a new correspondent, Dr. Betche, the recently deceased Assistant of the Botanical Institute in Sydney. This notable authority of the flora of Australia sent me, within ten years, one of the largest collections of Australian plants. He sent me besides so many sets of Australian duplicates that I was able through exchange to acquire many plants which could not have been obtained otherwise. I exchanged with the universities of Greifswald, Upsala (Nor- wegian and Lapland plants), Agram (Rumelian plants collected by Iriwald- sky), Prague (Carpatian plants), Witirzburg, and even with St. Petersburg, whence I obtained the collections of the Central Asiatic Expedition to Saisang-Nor, of Hohenacker’s Caucasian expedition, and Pallas’ Kam- tschatka and north Siberian Expedition. Furthermore, I obtained from Dr. Betche his complete collection of Samoan ferns, mainly from Upolu, gathered by him there during two years. This is the most complete collection of Samoan ferns in existence. Also the Director of the Botanical Gardens in Port Darwin, North Aus- tralia, Mr. Forsyth (now Director of the Botanical Gardens in Adelaide), sent me 400 species of the very little-known flora of northern Australia and a large amount of exchange material. These exchange plants enabled me to acquire two collections: Dr. Schaffner’s 300 specimens from Mexico and Baron von Egger’s 300 specimens from the West Indies.? In this way the Herbarium Albert Prager grew and now in my seventy- fourth year I am able to send it all away: Phanerogamae, 20,800 species; Filices, 660 species; Musci, 475 species; Algae, 520 species; Lichens, 280 species; Fungi, 3140 species; to which I added 950 microscopic plant prep- arations. The collection is one of the largest private herbaria of Germany. The late Prof. Schlechtendahl spoke of it to me as a treasure that can never be dimin- ished, because so many noted scientists are here represented by their collec- tions. The successor of Prof. Schlechtendahl at the University of Leipzig, Prof. Pfeffer, who died during the war, told me after he had looked through the herbarium: “It is indeed a treasure, a great treasure, but I am not able to buy it for the university. Our budget for botanical collections is, un- fortunately, too small.” I am selling the collection only because at seventy- four years of age I am no longer able to make use of it. 2. Among the many botanists and collectors whose specimens are represented in the Prager Herbarium, the following should perhaps also be noted, together with the region from which their specimens came: Boissier (Spain and perhaps elsewhere); Endress (Pyrennes) ; Fleischer (Egypt and Smyrna in 1826, 1827); Frank (central United States); Heuffel (Banat, the plants were the basis of his Flora Banata); Meyen (Chile and perhaps else- where, probably collected on Captain Wendt’s voyage around the world on the Princess Louise in 1830 to 1832); Scheele (miscellaneous specimens including some from North America); Sieber (Crete, Senegal, and elsewhere). Of local interest is a California collec- tion made in 1851 by a German named Bauer; probably he was a visitor, with a botanical proclivity, on the trail of the California Argonauts. ae The collection of Fungi includes Baron von Thiimen’s classical distribution, Mycotheca Universalis, while among the various cryptogams are many Rabenhorst collections. AUGUST, 1952] ALBERT PRAGER HERBARIUM 207 The price was $1000 at the current rate of exchange. On re- ceipt of the money by Albert Prager, the herbarium and its catalogue would be packed and sent, the cost of packing and transportation, as well as incidental expenses, to be paid by the purchaser. At that time the finances of the California Acad- emy were at a low ebb and to take that sum from its annual budget seemed impossible. I felt the great importance of this herbarium and would have bought it myself by cashing one of my thousand dollar Victory Bonds. This was not necessary, be- cause on my appeal to some of the wealthy members of the Acad- emy, the thousand dollars was raised and at once sent to Albert Prager.’ An additional $300 needed for the packing and trans- portation was contributed by Wm. H. Crocker and Wm. F. Herrin, both good friends of mine. Dap ee The old Academy herbarium had been destroyed in the 1906 disaster, the precious types only having been saved as a nucleus for a hoped-for future one. During the years from 1906 to 1911 I had been studying at the Gray Herbarium, Harvard Univer- sity. In 1911 I went to England to study in the important her- bariums the collections made by early explorers in the Pacific and other areas of western North America. These were the Royal Herbarium at Kew, the British Museum Herbarium in South Kensington, the Lindley Herbarium at Cambridge Uni- versity, and the important Coulter collection at the University of Dublin in Ireland. + I returned from England in 1912. Among the letters awaiting me when I landed in Boston was one from the officers of the California Academy of Sciences, asking me to return to reestab- lish the Academy herbarium. Looking forward to the future greatness of San Francisco, I wanted this new herbarium to be a great one, founded on a broad basis, a herbarium containing not only plants of North America, but of the whole world. The acquisition of the Prager Herbarium in 1920 was a magnificent step forward in the realization of this ideal. 3. Those who contributed to this fund were: J. C. ep tg W. H. Crocker, W. M. Fitz- hugh, J. D. Grant, W. F. Herrin, A. F. Morrison, and W. C. Van Antwerp. 208 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 11 PLANT NOTES FROM SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA BY PETER H. RAVEN In so densely populated an area as San Francisco, it is not sur- prising to find a number of recent plant immigrants becoming established in out of the way corners and vacant places. It is surprising, however, to find native plants which have been col- lected only a few times still persisting in the places where they were first found, and where they have resisted the advance of civilization. The following notes are the results of my work in and about San Francisco during the past few years and the numbers men- tioned, unless otherwise stated, are my field numbers. All of the collections cited are in the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. On SoME LocaL MANZANITAS Immediately south of the city of San Francisco rises San Bruno Mountain of San Mateo County, which is visible from many points on a clear day. Running east and west, contrary to the common trend of the Santa Cruz Mountains which is north and south, this disjunct mountain mass reaches a height of 1315 feet and is about 5 miles long. It was at one time a favorite collecting field for botanists, but in late years many farms have been es- tablished on the fertile lower slopes, and their owners made it practically impossible to reach the wind-swept summits. More recently, however, a KRON television station and a KNBC radio station were built at the top, and a graded road was put in leading up to this station from San Francisco, so that now the summit is accessible to anyone. Arctostaphylos imbricata Eastw., of the A. Andersoniti-group, has been known to occur here since 1915, when it was collected by Mrs. Marion L. Campbell and Mrs. Ernest Meiere and given to Miss Alice Eastwood, who described it later (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 20: 149,—1931). I found it in several places about the crest, where it forms beautiful gardens when in full bloom in February (1383, 2733). It is pollinated largely by the common California bumblebee, AUGUST, 1952] SAN FRANCISCO NOTES 209 Bombus vosnesenskii Rad. Forming spreading mats or mounds up to about 20 feet across, it is associated with prostrate forms of Vaccinium ovatum and Baccharis pilularis, as well as other plants typical of the coastal chaparral. Although A. imbricata has been known here since 1915, I found associated with it at the summit two other types of low- growing manzanitas. One, with coriaceous, rounded leaves from 9-11 mm. long, grows prostrate in the grass, and is clearly A. Uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (2748). This, too, was collected here by Mrs. Meiere and Mrs. Campbell, but since it was filed under A. franciscana Eastw. in the Academy herbarium, it was not recog- nized until now. It has stomata on the lower side of the leaf only,* and the leaf-bases are rounded or shortly cuneate. This is a southern distributional record on the Pacific Coast for this widely distributed plant of the Northern Hemisphere, since it was formerly believed to range only to Point Reyes, Marin County. It blooms here in April. The third form found on San Bruno Mountain has shortly cuneate leaf-bases, rather thin leaves, 1.5-2 cm. long, with slight points at the apex, and stomata on the lower side. It blooms in March and is intermediate between the other two in habit (2732, 2743). Although it can also be referred to A. Uva- ursi, it may be a hybrid between A. Uva-ursi and A. imbricata. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi hybridizes freely with other manzanitas north of San Francisco, so it would not be too surprising in this case. Mr. J. T. Howell suggested to me that perhaps some ances- tor of the A. Andersonii-group crossed with A. Uva-ursi to pro- duce A. imbricata in the first place. In any case, A. imbricata seems to be fairly well stabilized today. The nearest members of the A. Andersonii-group, A. pallida Eastw. in the southern Berkeley hills and A. regismontana Eastw. in the mountains of San Mateo County to the south, are far enough away to account for this. at cop Rae On April 10, 1952, on a serpentine area about 400 feet above Baker’s Beach at the west end of the San Francisco Presidio, I found one shrub of another interesting prostrate manzanita (3972), growing in close association with prostrate Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Esch. var. repens McMinn. It has stomata on both ~*In A. imbricata, stomata occur on both sides of the leaf but are more numerous on the lower side. Cf. J. T. Howell, Concerning stomata on leaves in Arctostaphylos, Wasmann Collector 6: 57—65 (1945). 210 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 11 sides of its small, rounded, coriaceous, sharply pointed leaves. The characters of the plant, together with the locality where it was found, seem to point to A. franciscana Eastw., and indeed it is a good match for a collection from Mt. Davidson (Colleena Steward in 1918), which is mentioned by Miss Eastwood (Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 114,—1934). However, it is also a good match for Eastwood 3165, which is A. montana Eastw. from the chaparral of Mt. Tamalpais. However, the present plant seems very close to A. franciscana as described by Miss Eastwood (l.c.), and it should perhaps be left under that species. If it is referable to that species, the rediscovery of this plant is important since more recently A. franciscana has been believed to be extinct. At first I thought this to be a new locality for the plant, but I found in Zoe 2: 363 (1892), under the name A. pungens HBK., the following interesting notation by Katharine Brandegee: “Mr. C. A. Michener collected it last year somewhere between Lobos Creek and Fort Point.” This is undoubtedly the locality in question, and perhaps the remark concerns the very same shrub. SOME INTERESTING INTRODUCTIONS PINUs RADIATA Don. The Monterey pine, widely planted as a windbreak, was found on the sandy flats near Lincoln Boulevard at the west end of the San Francisco Presidio, reproducing itself rather sparingly by means of seedlings (2616). This picturesque tree now has a broken distribution along the coast from Afio Nuevo Point into Lower California, but formerly it ranged north at least to Tomales Bay, according to H. L. Mason (Car- negie Institution of Washington Publ. 415: 148,—1933). Mason also says (op. cit., p. 103) that it is becoming sparingly natural- ized in the Berkeley Hills. CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA Hartw. A neighbor of the Monterey pine on the hills at Monterey, the Monterey cypress is also asso- ciated with it on the sandy flats along Lincoln Boulevard at the west end of the San Francisco Presidio (2751). It reproduces here much more freely than does the pine. SPOROBOLUS PoirETII (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc. This tropical Asian grass, commonly naturalized in the Americas, particu- larly in the warmer regions, was found as a common lawn weed just inside Golden Gate Park at the Tenth Avenue entrance on Fulton Street (2715). There is a specimen in the California Academy of Sciences, determined by J. R. Swallen, from West Beach Park, Santa Barbara (H. M. Pollard in 1950), and the AUGUST, 1952] SAN FRANCISCO NOTES 211 smutgrass may be expected to occur more widely in the weedy lawns of coastal California. IBERIS UMBELLATA L. The garden candytuft, a native of the northern Mediterranean, was found as a garden fugitive near a seepage in a canyon draining into the east side of Lake Merced just north of the San Mateo County line (26034 ). While I. amara L. is known to be naturalized in the eastern United States, this appears to be the first record from North America of J. um- bellata growing without cultivation. ALBIZZIA LOPHANTHA (Willd.) Benth. This fetid-smelling na- tive of Australia, reported by J. T. Howell from Marin County (Marin Flora, p. 163), grows on moist slopes at the west end of the Presidio near Lincoln Boulevard where it reproduces very freely (2620). PELARGONIUM VITIFOLIUM (L.) Ait. This native of South Africa grows rankly in a vacant lot on Twenty-sixth Avenue near El Camino del Mar (2726). According to J. T. Howell, it is a rank weed along the coast of San Mateo County in suitable places. PELARGONIUM ZONALE (L.) Ait. This common garden gera- nium was found as an escape in a vacant lot on Twenty-fifth Avenue near Lake Street (2723); ‘T'wenty-sixth Avenue near El Camino del Mar (3987). This is a native of South Africa. It is a weed at various places in coastal California, such as at Monterey. VERONICA FRANCISCANA Eastw. On the moist ocean bluffs just west of Baker’s Beach, this garden plant forms a dense covering (2705). Here it has become well established from cultivated specimens at the top of the bluffs. This species was described from cultivated specimens but the origin of the plant is uncer- tain. It is much cultivated for hedges in the San Francisco Bay region. VERONICA SPECIOSA R. Cunn. Sparingly naturalized in a vacant lot on Fulton Street near Twenty-first Avenue is this striking native of New Zealand (2727). It is used for hedges about San Francisco, but is not nearly as popular as the violet-flowered V. franciscana. These two species and other shrubby veronicas of the Southern Hemisphere are members of the subgenus Hebe which, by many botanists, is separated as a distinct genus. CoprosMA BaAueri Endl. Twenty-fifth Avenue near Lake Street (2724). The mirrorbush of the New Zealand coast also forms a dense covering on the bluffs west of Baker's Beach, in company with Veronica franciscana. It is a common fixture of San Fran- cisco gardens. 212 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 11 MINERAL KING AND SOME OF ITS PLANTS BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Mineral King, situated in a deep narrow valley near the head- waters of the East Fork of the Kaweah River in the high south- ern Sierra Nevada of California, is perhaps best known to moun- taineers who here begin or end their trips into the Kern River Basin or to the Mt. Whitney region. That is the way in which I was first introduced to this picturesque hamlet and its fine moun- tain valley, when the Sierra Club began and ended its 1942 Base Camp outing at the Mineral King pack station. At that time the region impressed me, not only as an outstanding Sierran botanical area, but also as one of the most interesting centers in the mountains for a varied and scenic vacation. The store and clustering cottages that constitute the settle- ment are in the lower part of the Canadian Life Zone and are the immediate center of one of the richest botanical areas above middle elevations in the Sierra Nevada. The altitude of Mineral King is 7831 feet but within a few miles there are peaks in the Arctic-alpine Zone with elevations exceeding 12,000 feet. While this range of altitude with the accompanying diversity of habi- tat contributes to the richness of the flora, a second reason for the variety of plants is to be found in the occurrence of both metamorphic and granitic rock types in the region. Although this upper valley of the East Fork of the Kaweah River is en- tirely walled with metamorphic rocks, the 12,000-foot peaks along the summit of the Great Western Divide immediately to the east are granitic and to the west it is only a mile or so to other areas of granite. Thus, as geologists would express it, the Mineral King area lies as a ceiling pendent of metamorphic rock on the granitic slopes of the Sierra. The ecologic diversity that results from the varied physiographic and geologic features of the region finds botanical expression in the unusual richness of its flora. In 1942 I was in the vicinity of Mineral King for only about three days, but that was long enough for me to resolve on a re- turn visit. The summer of 1951 seemed the appropriate time botanically, since my study of the alpine flora of three Sierran peaks south of Mt. Whitney had directed my attention at that AUGUST, 1952] MINERAL KING PLANTS 213 time to the distribution of alpine species on the Great Western Divide (cf. Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 141-154). In that study I had learned that the southernmost station for certain alpine plants was not on Cirque Peak at the south end of the Mt. Whitney Range but rather on the Arctic-alpine summits of the Great Western Divide near Mineral King and at the headwaters of the Little Kern River immediately to the south. So, in July, 1951, Lewis S. Rose and I spent a botanically and scenically rich week in and about Mineral King. The following plant notes concern collections made in 1951. My 1942 collections were reported in “Base Camp Botany, 1942” that was prepared and distributed in that year under the auspices of the Sierra Club. SOUTHERN RANGE EXTENSIONS Four species which I reported in 1951 as occurring at a south- ernmost distributional limit on or near Cirque Peak at the south end of the Mt. Whitney Range were found south of Min- eral King in 1952 at what are the presently known southernmost stations for the plants, at least in California. Two of the species, Stipa pinetorum Jones (27858) and Arenaria rubella (Wahl.) Smith (28058), grew on the marble ridge in the White Chief re- gion southwest of Mineral King, while the other two, Carex albonigra Mkze. (28037) and Senecio speculicola J. T. Howell (28047) grew on the dark metamorphic rocks of the unnamed peak east of Farewell Gap. The 1951 report of these plants in the Mt. Whitney Range is in Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 146, 147, 149, and 151. Their discovery so far south on the Great Western Divide reduces the percentage of plants that reach a southern limit on Cirque Peak from 18% to 16% (cf. p. 149). THE Wuite CuieF DIstricr One of the most interesting walking trips that can be taken from Mineral King is to the canyon which lies to the north of Mt. Vandever and in which is situated the White Chief Mine. In this district the rocks are both metamorphic and granitic, and the scenery is brightened and the flora diversified by a rather extended ridge of white marble. The marble is not a large enough geographic feature to have “selected” an endemic limestone flora, but the plants growing in the crevices and hol- lows are interesting and produce a beautiful and unusual rock garden for the Sierra Nevada where marble is not a common 214 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 11 rock type. The specimens of Aquilegia pubescens Cov. (28060), here growing at the type-locality of the species, were especially numerous and showy. Antennaria umbrinella Rydb. (28061) formed silvery mats, and, together with the Stipa and Arenaria noted in the preceding paragraph, seemed to be quite restricted to the marble. Nearby in a rubble of dark slaty metamorphic rocks Arabis Lyallit var. nubigena (Macbr. & Pays.) Rollins (28072) was lo- cally common. This White Chief station is not far from Fare- well Gap which is the type-locality of A. paupercula Greene, a name reduced to synonymy under var. nubigena by Rollins. Growing in the same sort of place as the Arabis was an unusual relative of Castilleja pilosa (Wats.) Rydb. (28073), but one which I have not yet been able to determine. Adjacent to the area of metamorphic rocks and at the base of the high granitic ridge to the west, a small subalpine meadow bordered a noisy brook. Here I found Carex subnigricans Stacey (28084) and, though the species is to be expected still far- ther south in similar places along the Great Western Divide, this is the southernmost station I now know for the plant. Grow- ing with the Carex was Scirpus Clementis Jones (28080) which here approaches the southern limit of its known distribution. One collection has been reported from a few miles farther south and to the west: the Hockett Meadow collection in the Dudley Herbarium which was reported by Britton as S. pumilus (Abrams Ill. Fl. 1: 272). A third notable plant in this little meadow was Gaultheria humifusa (Grah.) Rydb. (28076), never before known from so far south, even in the Rocky Mountains. It, too, is to be expected still farther south along the Great West- ern Divide. THE ANNUALS OF THE MONARCH LAKES TRAIL One of the most interesting plant societies discovered in the vicinity of Mineral King was a rather weedy-appearing garden in which annuals were the most prevalent. This little garden was discovered on the trail to Monarch Lakes at the base of some granitic bluffs where the plants grew on a gentle slope in sandy soil kept moist by a seepage of water from melting snow high above. Although this place was at an altitude of about 8500 feet, well within the Canadian Zone, it was on a southern slope and high enough on the canyonside to escape the cooling effect AUGUST, 1952] MINERAL KING PLANTS 215 of the down-draught of cold air from the alpine summits of the Great Western Divide to the east. Here I found more than a dozen annuals growing together, and at least five were at an elevation higher than any at which they have heretofore been reported. Several of the annuals growing here that are usually found at about this altitude, or even higher, included Juncus capillaris Hermann (27956), Linanthus ciliatus (Benth.) Greene (27959), Phacelia Eisenti Bdg. (27961), Mimulus Breweri (Greene) Cov. (27965), and Madia minima (Gray) Keck (27963). Scribneria Bo- landeri (Thurb.) Hack. (27968), Deschampsia danthonioides (Trin.) Munro (27967), and Juncus sphaerocarpus Nees (27957) were plants found here which are more characteristic of much lower elevations, but I have previously reported each of these three at elevations one to two thousand feet higher than where they were now growing. Finally there were the plants which I have never seen before at an elevation so high: Stellaria nitens Nutt. (27960), Athysanus pusillus (Hook.) Greene (27977), Bois- duvalia stricta (Gray) Greene (27964), Gilia capitata Dougl. (27975), and Madia exigua (Smith) Greene (27958). Upper ele- vation limits for the Stellaria, Athysanus and Madia have been ‘ given by Jepson at 4000 feet or lower, while the upper limits for the Boisduvalia and Gilia have been set by him at 5000 and 8000 feet respectively. Peter Raven (3800) also collected the Boisdu- valia at 8500 feet in 1951 in Madera County. At an elevation of about 8000 feet along the Monarch Lakes Trail below this remarkable assemblage of annuals, I found three other annuals that should be noted: Festuca megalura Nutt. (27947), Montia perfoliata (Donn) Howell (27954), and Clarkia rhomboidea Dougl. (27952). The Montia and Clarkia are here a thousand feet higher than they have been reported by Jepson. No elevation data have been seen for the Festuca, but I believe the present record may establish an upper alti- tudinal limit. RARE OR OTHERWISE NOTEWORTHY PLANTS AGROSTIS LEPIDA Hitchc. White Chief Trail at 9300 feet, 27841. A. S. Hitchcock reports this rare grass from south of Farewell Gap. Oryzopsis BLoomert (Boland.) Ricker. Franklin Pass Trail at 10,000 feet, 27882. The present aspect of this hybrid repre- 216 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VI, NO. 11 sents a cross between Oryzopsis hymenoides (R. & S.) Ricker (27880) and Stipa occidentalis Thurb. (27881). CAREX PRAECEPTORUM Mkze. Eagle Lake, 10,000 feet, 27814. This is the species that was reported by Coville in the report of the Death Valley Expedition as C. canescens dubia Bailey, a record based on a plant from “above Mineral King, near a mountain lakelet.” BRopIAEA VOLUBILIS (Kell.) Baker. Along the road just west of Mineral King at 7700 feet elevation, 28111. According to Jep- son, the upper altitudinal limit is at 2500 feet. ARABIS INYOENSIS Rollins. White Chief Trail, 8500 to 9000 feet, 27823. This collection is the southwesternmost that I have seen for the species. DENTARIA CORYMBOSA Jeps. Eagle Lake Trail, 9000 to 9500 feet, 27799; Franklin Pass Trail, 9500 feet, 27877; White Chief Trail, 8500 feet, 28050. None of these collections appears to be var. grata Jeps., the type of which came from ‘Timber Gap near Mineral King and a topotype of which I collected in 1942 (17292). DRABA CRUCIATA Pays. D. nivalis var. californica Jeps. This narrow endemic was collected twice: Eagle Lake Trail in red fir forest, 9000 to 9500 feet, 27798; White Chief Trail, 8500 to 9000 feet, 27830. In 1942 I made collections on the Eagle Lake Trail, 17156, and at Timber Gap, 17282. FLOERKEA PROSERPINACOIDES Willd. Eagle Lake Trail, 8600 feet, 27791. Jepson cites the plant as from Placer County north- ward and below 7500 feet. Another Tulare County specimen from still farther south was made by me (and Dr. Munz) in 1950 in Bakeoven Meadows, 27133. GAYOPHYTUM DiIFFusUM T. & G. Along the road west of Min- eral King two forms grew together, the usual kind with petals about 3 mm. long (28113), and a beautiful, large-flowered form with petals over 5 mm. long (28/12). These extremes are allowed for in diagnoses of the species but they are not generally found growing together. OREONANA CLEMENTIs (Jones) Jeps. West side of Franklin Pass, 11,000 feet, 27904. This is the first collection I have seen from the western slope of the Great Western Divide. LINANTHUS OBLANCEOLATUS Eastw. ex Jeps. This rare plant was found to be locally common along the White Chief Trail at 9300 feet, 27842. Hockett Meadows, the type-locality of the AUGUST, 1952] MINERAL KING PLANTS 217 species, is less than five miles southwest of the White Chief re- gion. This plant has been called L. tularensis (Brand) Mason, since Prof. Mason maintains that the name L. oblanceolatus Eastwood “was never validly published” (Madrono 9: 254,—1948). I re- gard the name validly published and the plant adequately de- scribed and delimited by Jepson (Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 806,—1925). Since the name is there published as “L. oblanceolatus Eastw.,” not as L. oblanceolatus (Brand) Eastw., I believe the name should rest on the plant Miss Eastwood named in herbario, that is, on Culbertson 422] from Hockett Meadows, and not on Hall & Babcock 5554 which is the type of Gilia oblanceolata Brand (Pflanzenreich IV, 250: 136,—1907; Jepson, Fl. Calif. 3: 218,—1943). Since the type of G. oblanceolata var. Culbertsonii Brand is also Culbertson 4221, Brand’s variety is an exact syno- nym of L. oblanceolatus Eastw. PHACELIA AUSTROMONTANA J. T. Howell. Franklin Pass Trail, 8300 feet, 27982. This Phacelia, which occurs rarely in the Sierra Nevada, here reaches its presently known northwestern distribu- tional limit. PHACELIA OROGENES Brand. This rare endemic of the southern Sierra Nevada was collected at the type-locality on the Eagle Lake Trail, 27789, and again on the White Chief Trail at about 9000 feet, 27832. I collected it several times in the region in 1942 (cf. Amer. Midl. Nat. 33: 487,—1945). HETEROCODON RARIFLORUM Nutt. This delicate annual was collected at 7400 feet on the road below Mineral King, 28/20. In 1942 I collected the plant at an even higher altitude, Cliff Creek at 8000 feet, 17330. Jepson gives the upper altitudinal limit as 5500 feet. RAILLARDELLA SCAPOSA Gray. Along the Farewell Gap Trail, 9000 to 9500 feet, typical R. scaposa with discoid heads (27988) was found growing with the much rarer radiate var. Pringlei (Greene) Jeps. (27989). Some of the plants in the vicinity showed considerable variation in the size and number of rays. THE FALSE TIMBERLINE OF FAREWELL GAP Farewell Gap, the spectacular v-shaped pass south of Mineral King, appears to be above timberline although its elevation is only 10,588 feet, fully a thousand feet lower than timberline should be in this latitude of the Sierra Nevada. Not only are 218 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 11 trees absent from the immediate vicinity of the gap but the al- pine effect of the scene is heightened by the occurrence there of herbaceous plants usually characteristic of a much higher eleva- tion, such as Polemonium eximium Greene, Penstemon David- sonii Greene, Crepis nana Richards., and others. Although the alpine effect may have resulted meteorologically from the prox- imity of the pass to the high peaks on either side, 11,600 feet to the east and 11,900 feet to the west, I have for a long time thought that what we were witnessing was a local depression of timberline induced by some factor other than those of altitude and climate. This matter came to my attention first in 1942, so, in 1951, when I revisited the gap, I observed timberline conditions as critically as possible in the short time I was there. On my second visit I contoured eastward from the gap to the small tarn east of the 11,600-foot peak and then traversed the summit of the peak on my return to the gap. From what I observed, I believe the metamorphic rock of the region is the chief factor in effecting a reduced timberline. ‘The slopes of the two peaks and of the gap between are mostly covered, even at steep angles, by large or small, loose, metamorphic rocks. Occasionally there are out- crops of the parent rock, but these are limited in extent and are scarcely noticeable in the landscape. Above 10,000 feet few trees grow in this rocky expanse and practically none above 10,500 feet. On the east side of the 11,600-foot peak I was traversing, I came upon dwarfed shrubby individuals of Pinus Balfowriana Grev. & Balf. (28044) growing on solid rock at 11,500 feet. These, I concluded, were representatives of the species at true timber- line, while the nearest other trees were about 1000 feet lower down where they demarked the false timberline I have been describing. Looking southeast across the cirque to the unnamed peak west of Shotgun Pass, I was able to observe the apparent effect of rock types on the growth of trees. ‘This mountain, which has an altitude of over 12,200 feet, is metamorphic on its lower western slopes but above 11,000 feet it is granitic, the two rock types being readily distinguishable. On the westerly slopes of this mountain, the trees reach what appears to be a timberline in the metamorphic zone at about the 10,000-foot contour. How false this timberline really is can be deduced from the fact that above AUGUST, 1952] APIUM LEPTOPHYLLUM 219 the 11,000-foot contour on the granite, the trees appear again in goodly number. Finally at about 11,500 feet these subalpine groves reach real timberline and above that point I could see only granite. As a result of these observations, I have concluded that the timberline effect at Farewell Gap results from a combination of climatic and edaphic factors, and is not dependent on climate alone. APIUM LEPTOPHYLLUM IN CALIFORNIA BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL Two weedy California collections of Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell.* that have come to my attention recently, one as a lawn weed in Salinas (Raynor in 1944) and the other as a ~ garden weed in Berkeley (Howell 23247 in 1947), raise the ques- tion as to the indigenous or introduced character of the plant in California. Two references to the California occurrence of the plant cite it as if indigenous: Coulter and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 86, 87 (1900); Mathias and Constance, N. Amer. Fl. 28B: 129, 130 (1944). Coulter and Rose base their California record on a collection made by David Douglas. I have inquired at both U. S. National Herbarium and Gray Herbarium for a Douglas collection that those authors may have examined, but there is none at either. Jepson (Madrono 1: 126,—1922) excludes the plant from the California flora with the remark that the Douglas record ‘““may be due to an error in herbarium records, or possibly the plant may have been a casual escape at a Mexican settlement at the time of Douglas’ visit and did not persist. There is no other record of it and we have seen no California specimens.” I have thought the Douglas plant may have been a misdetermined specimen of Apiastrum angustifolium Nutt. (which I know Douglas did collect in California), but I have had no assurance that my speculation is sound, *The name of this plant is sometimes incorrectly given as Apium Ammi, the proper author- ship for which is (Jacq.) Urban, not (L.) Urban. A discussion of the nomenclatural problems involved is given by Sprague, Jour. Bot. Brit. & For. 61: 129-133 (1923); for full synonymy, see Mathias & Constance, N. Am. Fl. 28B: 129. 220 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 11 I believe that Mathias and Constance (and perhaps also Coul- ter and Rose) are entirely right in including California in the distribution of Apium leptophyllum, but I do not believe that it should be treated as native. The only California collections that I have seen, aside from the two cited above, are from Hum- boldt Co., and they too seem to represent weedy occurrences: occasional near cultivated field, near Hydesville, Tracy 944 in 1900 (Herb. Univ. Calif.); local in small area near road (‘‘per- haps introduced?’’), Blue Slide on Van Duzen River, Tracy 8333 in 1927 (Herb. Univ. Calif.); Carlotta, Eastwood in 1921. (It has also been collected in Lower California: creek bed, 2 miles northwest of Todos Santos, Johansen 572.) The only other reports of the plant I know of from western United States are those of Mathias and Constance for Arizona and Oregon: in Kearney and Peebles FI. Pl. Ferns Ariz., p. 645, where it is recorded as a lawn weed in Tempe, Maricopa Co., Arizona; and in N. Am. Fl. 28B: 130, where it is recorded from ballast in Oregon. In these states the plant is obviously not na- tive; I believe that it is also an introduction in California. FURTHER CALIFORNIA REcorDs OF Pityopus. Dr. H. F. Cope- land has written of three collections of the rare Pityopus califor- nicus (Eastw.) Copel. and these records should be added to the data recently published (Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 57-61): “There are three specimens of Pityopus californicus in the Dudley Herbarium where for years they were filed as Mono- tropa. The specimens are: Humboldt County, Rattan in 1875; trail to Gold Bluffs, Humboldt Co., Kildale No. 2110, June 6, 1926; California side of California-Oregon line on the coast, Del Norte Co., L. B. Kildale No. 9409a, Mar. 16, 1930.” MOORES od In June, 1950, I received a specimen of P. californicus from Mr. J. R. Helfer who collected it near Mendocino, Mendocino Co. His plant was accompanied by the following field notes: “The plants were growing up through the needles of Pinus muricata and Pseudotsuga taxifolia in rather open ground about forty feet from the edge of a peat bog. The locality is about a mile from the ocean and well within the fog belt.”— Joun THomAs HowELL. Vol. VI LEAFLETS of No. 12 WESTERN BOTANY CONTENTS Senecio saxosus Klatt in the Great Basin CALVIN McMILLAN The Glabrate Form of Wyethia arizonica WILLIAM A. WEBER Eriogonum Notes III: Confusions in E. ursinum . Joun THoMas HOWELL Errata Index SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA NoOvEMBER 26, 1952 PAGE 221 223 225 LEAFLETS of WESTERN BOTANY A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscription by volume only, $5.00. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18. Cited as LEAFL. WEsT. Bot. Owned and published by JouHNn THoMaAs HOWELL NOVEMBER, 1952 | SENECIO SAXOSUS 221 SENECIO SAXOSUS KLATT IN THE GREAT BASIN BY CALVIN MC MILLAN University of Nebraska, Lincoln When Dr. Greenman (1) reported his work on Senecio, Section Tomentosi Rydb., he cited the distribution of Senecio saxosus Klatt as “Rocky Mountains at high altitudes, Montana and Idaho, south to Colorado.” Three of Greene’s species, S. petro- philus, S. petrocallis, and S. pentodontus, as well as S. petraeus Klatt, S. alpicola Rydb., and S. aureus L. var. alpinus Gray, were reduced to synonymy. At the same time, he proposed a new taxon, S. saxosus Klatt var. totyabensis Greenm., limited to the mountains of northeastern Nevada and south central Idaho. The specific localities cited for the new variety were: Bunker Hill, Toiyabe Range, Nevada, and the Lost River Mountains, Blaine County, Idaho. Actually Bunker Hill is misleadingly placed by Greenman in northeastern Nevada. It may have been that the geography of this state was not clear to Greenman, since Bunker Hill, located in the northern part of the Toiyabe Range, is in Lander County and more nearly in the central part of the state. At any rate, the originally ambiguous distribution given - for the variety has been subsequently documented by a collec- tion of Maguire and Holmgren (2) from the mountains of the northeastern part of the state: Jarbidge Peak, Jarbidge Moun- tains, Elko County, Nevada. The Great Basin variety reportedly differs from the Rocky Mountain material in lacking ray flowers. Specimens fitting var, tovyabensis were collected in the Deep Creek Range of Juab County in the western part of Utah during a floristic sur- ‘ vey by the present author (3): divide between Fifteenmile and Trout Creek canyons, rocky quartzite ridge, 11,000 ft., July 2, 1947, McMillan 956; Ibapah Peak, south-facing granitic slope, 11,900 ft., August 7, 1947, McMillan 1276. However, if this ma- terial be compared with that from another Basin range which lies sixty miles south of the Deep Creek Range in White Pine County, Nevada (Theresa Lake, rocky granitic slope below the crest of Mt. Wheeler, Snake Range, 9500 ft., June 30, 1946, Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VI, pp. 221-240, November 26, 1952. 222 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 12 McMillan, et al. 547), it will be found that the material from the more southern point is unlike the variety in possessing ray flow- ers. The Snake Range material is apparently the only known collection of the species from Nevada which has ray flowers, the characteristic of typical Rocky Mountain material. Likewise, the collections from the Deep Creek Range are the only known ones from Utah representing var. tozyabensis. The three collec- tions cited above have been deposited in the University of Cali- fornia Herbarium. Inasmuch as representative material of both taxa is to be found in proximity in the Great Basin, the significance and origin of these two dissimilar elements need be considered. Plants with heads which are discoid and those which possess ray flowers appear to be randomly distributed in some composite species, Erigeron compositus Pursh being an example found in both mountain ranges under discussion. Perhaps this contrasted char- acter, which seemed to be of significance when the known dis- tribution of the two taxa of Senecio were geographically widely separated from each other, in the light of more recent collec- tions, is of little systematic significance. Such a hasty conclu- sion, however, would not take into consideration the possibility that the alpine floras of the two ranges, although separated by only sixty miles, may have had quite different origins. For in- stance, the Senecio in the Snake Range may have been Rocky Mountain in origin with that of the Deep Creek Range being more closely related to plants of Nevada. As evidence, the fact that several common alpine plants of the Deep Creek Range are unreported from the Snake Range might be cited. Synthyrts laciniata (Gray) Rydb. subsp. ibapahensis Pennell represents a highly disjunct population of a species of the high plateaus of central Utah and is reportedly restricted to the Deep Creek Range. In contrast, another alpine species, Castilleja lapidicola Heller, is frequent in both the Snake and Deep Creek ranges, al- though it is unreported from other Basin ranges except for the type specimen which was reportedly from the East Humboldt Mountains but was not recollected by Holmgren in his exten- sive study of the flora of northeastern Nevada (4). The alpine areas in the Great Basin have not been thoroughly investigated and it is to be expected that further records for NOVEMBER, 19532 | WYETHIA ARIZONICA 223 Senecio saxosus will subsequently be reported. However, of the Basin ranges, the Deep Creek and Snake ranges bear the great- est environmental similarity, being largely granitic in their high- est portions and both reaching elevations over 12,000 ft., and it is not surprising that they have a striking floristic similarity. It was not anticipated therefore that the variation mentioned in Senecio saxosus would be found in plants of very similar en- vironments in these two ranges. The retention of Greenman’s treatment of the species will possibly be of value until later in- vestigations of the Great Basin provide further records which may allow a more judicial determination of the value of the presence or absence of ray flowers as a means of separating the two varieties. In the meantime, these notes point to an exceed- ingly interesting distributional problem in the Basin range floras. LITERATURE CITED 1. GREENMAN, J. M. 1918. Monograph of the North and Central American species of the genus Senecio. Part II. Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 5: 37-107. 2. Macurre, B., AnD A. H. HoLMGREN. 1946. Botany of the Intermountain re- gion. I. Leafl. West. Bot. 4: 261-267. 3. McMILLAN, C. 1948. A taxonomic and ecological study of the flora of the - Deep Creek Mountains of central western Utah. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. University of Utah. 4. Ho-mcren, A. H. 1942. Handbook of the vascular plants of northeastern Nevada. Utah State Agricultural College and the Grazing Service. (Mim- eographed.) THE GLABRATE FORM OF WYETHIA ARIZONICA BY WILLIAM A. WEBER University of Colorado, Boulder Wyethia arizonica A. Gray (Compositae: Heliantheae) is a close relative of W. amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt., differing from the latter species by its smaller stature, coarse hirsute pubes- cence, and petiolate upper cauline leaves. Wyethia amplexicau- lis, the most widespread species of the genus, is always totally glabrous with sessile or semiamplexicaule cauline leaves. It in- habits the northern Rocky Mountain area and Great Basin ranges of the United States, while W. arizonica replaces it in the Colorado Plateau Province. Over its range, W. amplexicau- 224 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 12 lis is strikingly uniform as to its total lack of pubescence, except in areas where it meets and hybridizes with W. helianthoides or W. arizonica, in which areas the variation pattern is that of a hybrid population, exhibiting recombinations of various par- ental characters. Wyethia amplexicaulis and W. arizonica show evidence of hybridization in northern Colorado, where the ranges of the two species overlap, but W. amplexicaulis has never been found in the southwestern quarter of the state, where W. arizonica abounds. The discovery of glabrate individuals in herbarium material of W. arizonica from the southwestern part of Colorado, there- fore, was both unexpected and noteworthy. In my monograph on Wyethia' I wrote, “These individuals are referable to W. arizonica on the basis of the petio- late cauline leaves (a condition often approached in the other species), the habit, and the sparse pubescence. Apparently these individuals occur in colonies of the normal type, but no one has yet made this point clear. This much may be said, however. The glabrate specimens occur far to the south of any colonies of W. amplexicaulis. . . . It is probably safe to assume that the glabrate forms are not the result of genic contamination, at least in recent time, by W. amplexicaulis. Field studies are necessary to clear up this problem satisfactorily.” Subsequent field observation up to 1950 failed to throw much additional light on the problem. Populations in the field seemed to be as enigmatic as the herbarium material. However, the glabrate individuals were usually distinctly larger than those of typical W. arizonica, and it appeared that this fact had been ob- scured by the selection, by collectors, of the most convenient- sized specimens for the herbarium. In fact, the majority of the glabrate individuals could have been well within the variation range of W. amplexicaulis save for a small amount of pubes- cence at the base of the head. ‘The glabrate individuals were not evenly distributed in the colonies of W. arizonica, but formed more or less distinct patches within certain colonies. Continued search has failed to reveal the presence of any individuals of true W. amplexicaulis which might be responsible for this pe- culiar variation pattern. In the spring of 1950, however, I made a field trip into the 1Weber, W. A. A taxonomic and cytological study of the genus Wyethia, with notes on the related genus Balsamorhiza. Amer. Midl. Nat. 35: 400-452 (1946). NOVEMBER, 1952 | ERIOGONUM NOTES 225 region in hope of obtaining cytological material of both the typical and the glabrate form. This field trip was the first of a number of very discouraging excursions because the southwest- ern drought became critical at about that time. As we ap- proached Durango I began to sample heads of W. arizonica for meiotic material, and found that a heavy unseasonable frost had nipped every plant. The flowers were blackened and withered, utterly unusable. The search for good meiotic material almost had been given up, when, upon reaching the crest of Mancos Hill, I suddenly came upon a colony of W. arizonica of which some individuals had somehow escaped the frost and were in full bloom. It took only a few minutes to determine that the blossoming specimens were of the glabrate form. Moreover, specimens of typical W. arizonica were close by and all of these had been destroyed by the frost. An environmental accident of this kind which reveals a pre- viously unknown quality in a problematical taxon such as this seems to be worth reporting. The glabrate W. arizonica now ap- pears to be earlier-blooming and more frost-resistant than the typical form. A plausible hypothesis as to its origin might be the following. At some former time both W. amplexicaulis and W. arizonica coexisted in the area and hybridized. Because of environmental changes, the southern border of the range of W. amplexicaulis subsequently moved northward, leaving hybrid derivatives among colonies of W. arizonica. The characteristics which were contributed by W. arizonica enable the hybrid de- rivatives to survive in the area occupied by W. arizonica, and the frost resistance and earlier blooming period may have sur- vival value also. Chromosome counts show that W. amplexicau- lis, W. arizonica, and the glabrate form all have the same hap- loid number, n = 19. No irregularities in meiosis were observed. ERIOGONUM NOTES III: CONFUSIONS IN E. URSINUM BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL From 1875 when Eriogonum ursinum was described by Wat- son to 1921 when E. ursinum var. venosum Stokes was published by Smiley, botanists were unanimously agreed that E. ursinum 226 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VI, NO. 12 Wats. was a simple specific entity the variations of which were not worthy of nomenclatural recognition. Miss Stokes, however, in her study of the genus in 1936 departed widely from this con- cept, proposing a complex of seven varieties besides the typical one. In an earlier paper in which I discussed the possible specif- icity of E. polypodum Small (Leafi. West. Bot. 6: 198—202), I indicated that E. ursinum var. venosum Stokes is the same as E. polypodum and that a confusion existed between E. Covillet Small and Miss Stokes’ interpretation of her E. ursinum var. Co- villet. In the present paper I shall further discuss Miss Stokes’ varieties of E. ursinum, a species which, I believe, should be maintained as the well-circumscribed entity originally proposed by Watson, with possibly one variety recognized.* Eriogonum ursinum in this restricted sense is a plant of north- ern California and southern Oregon and is clearly related to the far-ranging and variable E. umbellatum Torr. From that com- plex, however, E. wrsitmuwm may be readily distinguished by the copiously woolly-tomentose filaments, which in E. umbellatum are conspicuously hairy but with hairs that are coarser, stiffish, and relatively sparser. As shown by the pubescence of the fila- ments in an isotype in Herb. Univ. Calif., E. ovatum Greene is referable to E. wrsinum (just as Miss Stokes treated it), rather than to E. umbellatum var. bahiaeforme (T. & G.) Jeps. where Jepson (Fl. Calif. 1: 425) referred Greene’s species or to E. um- bellatum subsp. polyanthum (Benth.) Stokes where Abrams (Illus. Fl. 2: 27) referred it. The plants of E. ursinum frequently develop rather extended fruticulose leafy mats but are usually devoid of any prolonged scaly rhizomes. Only on Snow Mt., Lake Co., California, does E. ursinum develop a markedly rhi- zomatous habit, which, together with an abbreviated peduncle and congested inflorescence, seems to demark a distinct geo- graphic variety, Miss Stokes’ var. nervulosum. ‘The only speci- mens I have seen of var. nervulosum are those collected by Kath- arine Brandegee in August, 1902 (type, Univ. Calif.; isotype, Calif. Acad. Sci.). Eriogonum ursinum is perhaps closest to E. ternatum Howell, a plant nearly related to E. umbellatum and having the same ~*In his Ilustrated Flora, Abrams restored E. ursinum to this original concept but he did not account for several of Miss Stokes’ varieties which have continued to be a source of doubt and confusion. NOVEMBER, 1952 | ERIOGONUM NOTES 227 coarse-hairy filaments but seemingly specifically distinct in its few-rayed, frequently bracteolate inflorescences and large tur- binate involucres with erect broadly triangular teeth. Compari- son of the types of E. ternatum (Herb. Univ. Oregon) and of E. ursinum var. confine Stokes (Herb. Univ. Calif.) shows them to be the same, and it was in this way that Abrams treated them in his Illustrated Flora. Although E. ternatum is found both in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, the plant was apparently overlooked by Jepson, and by Peck it was prob- ably submerged without reference in E. umbellatum. Miss Stokes, wishing to treat Howell’s name as a synonym of E. wm- bellatum subsp. Hausknechtii (Dammer) Stokes, erroneously cited it as “E. wmbellatum var. ternatum How.” (Gen. Eriog. p. 112). The type of E. ternatum was collected by Howell “along Rough and Ready Creek near Waldo, Oregon,” in June, 1884. Eriogonum ursinum var. Congdonti Stokes, with its narrow, revolute, Ledum-like leaves and few-rayed inflorescences, is a dis- tinctive looking plant, seemingly intermediate between E. ter- natum and E. umbellatum, but certainly not referable to E. ursinum as that species is accepted here. Although the extended fruticulose base and the ebracteolate involucres are reminiscent of E. umbellatum, the few-rayed inflorescence, the turbinate in- volucres, and the erect broadly deltoid involucral teeth are like those of E. ternatum, so I am treating it as a variety of the latter. I know the plant from only three California collections: Mt. Eddy Trail, Siskiyou Co., Congdon in 1900 (type, Calif. Acad. Sci.); Scott Mt., Siskiyou Co., Parker 222 (Univ. Calif.); near head of Bear Creek, elevation about 7000 feet, Trinity Co., Cantelow 1874 (Calif. Acad. Sci.). Eriogonum siskiyouense Small is a plant whose proper sys- tematic position I have not satisfactorily determined. It should not be treated as a variety of E. wrsinwm as was done by Miss Stokes, but whether it can be maintained specifically distinct from E. umbellatum as has been attempted by Jepson and by Abrams will require further study. The plant is usually de- scribed as having 1-rayed flowering stems (the condition obtain- ing in the type-collection, N. Y. Bot. Gard., Herb. Gray.), but I collected material from the region of the type-locality on the summit ridge of Scott Mt. between Trinity and Siskiyou coun- 228 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. VI, NO. 12 ties, California, in which the flowering stems are 1-, 2-, or 3-rayed. As I have already pointed out in my discussion of E. polypo- dum Small (Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 198—202), Miss Stokes misap- plied the name E. ursinum var. Covillei to plants of that species. As disclosed by the type-collection (U. S. Nat. Herb., Univ. Calif. Herb.) and by annotations by C. W. Sharsmith in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., E. Covillei Small represents the extreme alpine reduction of E. umbellatum in the southern Sierra Nevada. Eriogonum Covillet was not mentioned by Jepson, while Abrams restored it to the E. umbellatum complex, treating it as a dwarf form between var. minus Johnston and subsp. polyan- thum (Benth.) Stokes. Eriogonum rosulatum Small, as shown by the type-collection in U. S. Nat. Herb., represents the extreme alpine reduction in E. incanum T. & G. In the original description Small described the filaments as glabrous, but actually they are hairy below the middle. In spite of this error, Jepson correctly related E. rosula- tum to E. incanum, of which E. rosulatum may be regarded as an alpine variety. It is not easy to understand how Miss Stokes could treat this dioecious plant with short styles as a variety of E. ursinum since that species has perfect flowers and elongate styles. NOMENCLATURAL SUMMARY ERIOGONUM CovILLEI Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 42 (1898). EZ. ursinum var. Covillei (Small) Stokes, Genus Eriogonum 115 (1936). A reduced sub- alpine variant of E. umbellatum Torr. ERIOGONUM INCANUM T.& G., Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 161 (1870). E. rosulatum Small, op. cit., 46. E. ursinum var. rosulatum (Small) Stokes, op. cit., 115. ERIOGONUM POLYPODUM Small, op. cit., 46. E. umbellatum var. polypodum (Small) Stokes, op. cit., 113. E. ursinum var. venosum Stokes ex Smiley, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 9: 164 (1921). ERIOGONUM SISKIYOUENSE Small, op. cit., 44. E. ursinum var. siskiyouense (Small) Stokes, op. cit., 114. ERIOGONUM TERNATUM Howell, Fl. NW. Amer. 570 (1902). “E. umbellatum var. ternatum How.,” Stokes, op. cit., 112, in synonymy. E. ursinum var. confine Stokes, op. cit., 114. Eriogonum ternatum var. Congdonii (Stokes) J. T. Howell, comb. nov. E. ursinum var. Congdonii Stokes, op. cit., 114. ERIOGONUM URSINUM Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 347 (1875). E. ursinum var. typicum Stokes, op. cit., 114. E. ovatum Greene, Pittonia 5: 69 (1902). ERIOGONUM URSINUM var. NERVULOSUM Stokes, op. cit., 114. NOVEMBER, 1952] SIERRA NEVADA RECORDS 229 Key TO TAXA SUMMARIZED 1. Plants dioecious; styles 1 mm. long or less ...............++- E. incanum 1. Plants usually monoecious, the flowers perfect or uniserxual; en MR SEES Dy ESNS MED a ae ciple de vais w vp Sens bith on mesh a 4 AE ee ee 2 2. Involucres more or less deeply lobed, the lobes usually reflexed in age. Filaments coarsely hairy; achenes more or less utricular-turgid... 3 Involucres toothed, the teeth slender to broadly deltoid, erect........ 4 Rays of inflorescence | to 3, elongate, if more than one then | or 2 with secondary whorl of bractlets ..............0.0e000: E. siskiyouense Rays of inflorescence several, short, ebracteolate ............ E. Covillei Filaments tomentulose-hairy, the hairs numerous, long, slender, and tangled. Achenes utricular-turgid except near the base.......... 5 Filaments rather sparsely and coarsely hairy, not tomentulose-hairy... 6 Penns rorming fruticulose Mats... . acc pedeestcerdaoeveae ns E. ursinum Plants producing rhizomes .............++++ E. ursinum var. nervulosum Flowers whitish or rose-tinged; achenes scarcely at all utricular- turgid, the pericarp adherent to the seed ...............- E. polypodum 6. Flowers yellow; achene utricular-turgid and free from the seed NEE PLEASE RD ay dhe Gola Vonpet cha oxipinlanle tg Wem E SS ES tatw a Se Ae 7 7. Leaves plane, ovatish to obovatish; branches of the inflorescence ecnare DCLOW {Ne INVOLUCTES oo... ose sees ence menev ne E. ternatum 7. Leaf-margins revolute, narrowly elliptic or oblongish; branches of the inflorescence ebracteolate ................: E. ternatum var. Congdonii ali - Lek ai as SOME ALTITUDINAL RECORDS FROM THE SOUTHERN SIERRA NE- VADA, CALIFORNIA. Among the phytogeographic data which I assembled for my study on “The Arctic-alpine Flora of Three Peaks in the Sierra Nevada” (Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 141-154), I re- corded several plants from Army Pass and from Olancha Peak at elevations apparently higher than any previously reported. Since these altitudinal data were not specially noted at that time, I shall record them now, together with my field numbers: The following three plants are perhaps at their altitudinal limit in the vicinity of Army Pass: Carex praeceptorum Mkze. at 11,500 ft., No. 26028; Eriogonum Covillei Small at 11,600 ft., No. 26166; Epilobium oregonense Hausskn. at 11,500 ft., No. 26027. Seven plants apparently reach their altitudinal limit on Olan- cha Peak: Lewisia sierrae Ferris at 12,000 ft., No. 27221; Arabis repanda Wats. var. Greene Jeps. at 11,600 ft., No. 27199; Viola purpurea Kell. var. grisea Jeps. at 11,600 ft., No. 27200; Gayo- 230 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VI, NO. 12 phytum racemosum T. & G. at 12,000 ft., No. 27241, also from Army Pass at same elevation, No. 26201; Cryptantha circum- scissa (H.& A.) Jtn. var. hispida (Macbr.) Jtn. at 12,000 ft., No. 27245; Mimulus stamineus Grant at 12,000 ft., No. 27242; and Orochaenactis thysanocarpha (Gray) Cov. at 11,600 ft., No. 27201.—John Thomas Howell. ERRATA Page 4, line 7; delete “Abundant on Lassen Peak at 5000 ft., Brewer (Lesq., 1868);”. Page 21, lines 34 and 35; for author of and reference to Meesta triquetra substitute “(Turn.) Angstr., Nov. Act. Soc. Upsal. 12: 357 (1844).” Page 27, line 4; for North Pacific Basin read Pacific Coast. Line 7; for Pacific Coast read North Pacific Basin. Page 29, line 46; for lanceolata read lanceolatum. Page 31, lines 19 and 37, and page 40, line 19; for Pseudoiso- thecium read Pseudisothecium. Page 40, line 7; for Ephermerum read Ephemerum. Page 111, line 33; for Aragallus Cusickw read Oxytropis Cu- sickit. Page 148, line 18; for septentrionale read septentrionalis. Page 167, lines 8 and 9; for 3 cm. read 13 mm. Line 11, delete comma after pedunculis. Page 174, lines 30 and 31; for Montsose read Montrose. Page 179, line 18; for 6186 read 6185. at wate “ig: N. B. In LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY, vol. 5, p. 10, line 38, for Hordeum brachyanthemum Nash read Hordeum brachy- antherum Nevski. NOVEMBER, 1952 | INDEX INDEX Abies alba, 183, 184; americana, 184; Douglasii, 188, 190, 196, var. macro- carpa, 189, mexicana, 186, 188, var. taxifolia, 186, 195; glauca, 195; glaucescens, 195, 196; grandis, 58; hirtella, 195; Lindleyana, 186, 188, 196; macrocarpa, 189, 190; Men- ziesii, 182-184; mucronata, 186, var. palustris, 186; pectinata, 184; re- ligiosa, 197, var. glaucescens, 195, 198, var. Lindleyana, 196, 198; taxifolia, 182-184; tlapalcatuda, 195. Abutilon crispum, 81. Acaulon muticum, I, 8, 16. Achyropappus anthemoides, 155. Adenostoma fasciculatum, 203. Agoseris aspera, 41; glauca var. as- pera, 41, var. villosa, 41; Leonto- don var. aspera, 41; villosa, 41. Agropyron divergens inerme, 162; spicatum, 162; fma. inerme, 162. Agrostis lepida, 215; semiverticilla- = Aelaae Albizzia lophantha, 211. Allium tribracteatum, 199. Aloina aloides var. ambigua, 8; eri- caefolia, 8; rigida, 8, var. pilifera, 8 Alsia californica, 25, 33. Amblystegiaceae, 27. Amblystegium compactum, 27; Ju- ratzkanum, 27; serpens, 27; vari- um, 27. Amphidium californicum, 22; lappo- nicum, 22. Amsinckia intermedia, 56. Anacalypta Starkeana var. brachy- poda, 10. Anacolia Menziesii, 21, var. Baueri, Bis Andreaeaceae, 4. Androsace septentrionalis var. sub- umbellata, 148. Anisothecium varium, 5. Anomobryum filiforme, 17. Anomodon minor, 31. Antennaria arcuata, 41; densa, 148; Howellii, 43; media, 148; neglecta var. Howellii, 43; rosea, 148; um- brinella, 148, 214. Antitrichia californica, 25; curtipen- dula, 25. Apiastrum angustifolium, 55, 219. Apium leptophyllum, 219, 220. Aplopappus berberidis, 56; Bloom- eri, 85, var. ophitidis, 85; cuneatus, 163; eximius, 87, 88, subsp. Peir- sonii, 86; integrifolius, 86; Macro- nema, 148; Peirsonii, 86-88; race- mosus, 86, var. congestus, 86, var. duriusculus, 86, var. pinetorum, 86, var. praticola, 86, subsp. pine- torum, 86; suffruticosus, 148, sub- sp. tenuis, 148, 153; Whitneyi var. discoideus, 84, 85. Aquilegia pubescens, 147, 214. Arabis inyoensis, 216; Lemmonii var. depauperata, 147; Lyallii var. nu- bigena, 214; paupercula, 214; pyg- maea, 199; repanda var. Greenei, 147, 152, 229. Aragallus argophyllus, 111; articula- tus, 111; atropurpureus, 111; Cu- sickii, 111; dispar, 111; gracilis, 111; ventosus, 111. Arctostaphylos Andersonii, 208, 209; Edmundsii, 202-204; franciscana, 209, 210; imbricata, 208, 209; mon- tana, 210; pallida, 209; patula, 198; pechoensis, 203, 204; pumila, 204; pungens, 210; regismontana, 209; Uva-ursi, 203, 204, 209; viscosissi- ma, 83. Arenaria compacta, 147; congesta var. suffrutescens, 199; Nuttallii var. gracilis, 147; Rossii, 147; ru- bella, 147, 213. Artemisia borealis var. Purshii, 43, var. Wormskioldii, 43; californica, 56; campestris var. Purshii, 43, var. Wormskioldii, 43; norvegica, 44; papposa, 42, 43; potentilloides, 49; spithamea, 43. Aster coerulescens, 45, var. laetevi- rens, 45; ericoides, 45; foliaceus var. hesperius, 44; hesperius, 44, 45, var. hesperius, 44, var. laetevirens, 44; laetevirens, 44; multiflorus, 45, var. pansus, 45; pansus, 45; Peir- sonii, 148; praealtus, 45. Astragalus § Genistoidei, 176, 177; § Lonchocarpi, 172, 173, 176; § Pectinati, 177. Astragalus aculeatus, 91, 94-96; col- linus, 173; deflexus var. foliolo- sus, 111; duchesnensis, 172, 177; Episcopus, 176; Grayi, 177; impen- sus, 99, 100; Jessiae, 96; kaibensis, 172, 176; Kentrophyta, 89, 90, 94, 232 96-100, var. coloradoensis, 100, 102, var. danaus, 154, var. elatus, 100, 154, var. impensus, 100, var. im- plexus, 154, var. Jessiae, 154, var. Kentrophyta, 154, var. neomexi- canus, 154, var. ungulatus, 100, 154; leucopsis, 55, lancearius, 176; lonchocarpus, 172-174, 177; macer, 174; macrocarpus, 174; montanus, 89, 90, 97, 99, var. coloradoensis, 100, var. impensus, 100, var. rotun- dus, 91, var. tegetarius, 91, var. ungulatus, 100; molybdenus, 70, Osterhouti, 172, 177; platycarpus, 175, var. montezumae, 175; plum- beus, 70; Ripleyi, 173-176; Schmol- lae, 174-176; stenophyllus, 173; tegetarius, 89-91, 94, 95, var. dan- aus, 91, 93, 95, 96, 154, var. elatus, 91, 99, 100, 102, 154, var. implexus, 91, 95, var. Jessiae, 91, 93, 96-98, 102, 154, var. neomexicanus, 91, 98- 100, 102, 154, var. rotundus, 91, 93, var. tegetarius, 91, 93-97, 154, var. ungulatus, 91, 97, 100, 154, var. Viridis, 91, 94, 97, 99, 100, 154; vexilliflexus, 89, 95; viridis, 90, 97, 99, var. elatus, 100, var. impensus, 100. Athysanus pusillus, 215. Atrichum undulatum, 33. Atriplex julacea, 54; polycarpa, 112. Aulacomniaceae, 21. Aulacomnium androgynum, 21; pa- lustre, 21. Baccharis pilularis, 209. Baker, William H. Plant records from Curry County, Oregon, 82. Barbula acuta, 8; Bakeri, 8, 12; brachyphylla, 8; chloronotos, 13; convoluta, 8; cylindrica, 8, 12; elata, 12; fallax, 12; marginata, 13; membranifolia, 9; spadicea, 13; unguiculata, 8; Vahliana, 13; vine- alis, 8, 12. Barneby, R. C. A correction, 70; pu- gillus Astragalorum XIII: the va- rieties of A. tegetarius Wats. (Ken- trophyta Nutt.), 89; new names in Oxytropis, 111; Astragalus tege- tarius: a correction, 154; pugillus Astragalorum XIV: notes on sect. Lonchocarpi, 172. Bartramia ithyphylla, 21; stricta, 22. Bartramiaceae, 21. Beetle, Alan A. New combinations in Gramineae, 162. LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. VI, NO. 12 Benson, Lyman. The Mesa Verde cactus, 163. Bergerocactus Emoryi, 55. Bestia Breweriana, 25; cristata, 25, var. Howei, 25, var. lutescens, 25; Holzingeri, 25; longipes, 25; occi- dentalis, 25. Blake, S. F. A new combination in Erigeron, 71; the status of Encelia angustifolia and E. albescens, 105; note on some names in Schkuhria, 154. Blindia acuta, 5. Boisduvalia stricta, 215. Brachytheciaceae, 29. Brachythecium albicans, 29, var. oc- cidentale, 29; asperrimum, 29; Bo- landeri, 29; collinum, 29; erythro- rrhizon, 29; laetum var. fallax, 32; lamprochryseum, 29, var. gigan- teum, 29; oxycladon, 31; petrophi- lum, 29, 32, fma. lanceolatum, 29; populeum, 32; reflexum, 32; rivu- lare, 32; velutinum, 32; Washing- tonianum, 30. Brassica juncea, 70. Braunia californica, 24. Breutelia, 18. Briza maxima, 82. Brodiaea volubilis, 216. Bromus ciliatus, 66; dolichocarpus, 65; exaltatus, 66; laevipes, 64, 65; lanatipes, 68, 69, fma. glabra, 68; mucroglumis, 67, 68; pseudolae- vipes, 64; Richardsonii, 67, 68; ru- bens, 54, 112. Bruchia Bolanderi, 6. Bryaceae, 17. Bryum alpinum, 17; angustirete, 17; arcticum, 18, 20; argenteum, 18, var. lanatum, 18; bicolor, 18; Bige- lovii, 19; bimum, 18, 20; Bolanderi, 29; caespiticium, 18; calophyllum, 20; canariense, 18, 20; capillare, 18; cirratum, 18; crassirameum, 18; cucullatum, 20; cuspidatum, 18; firmum, 20; flagellosum, 18; gem- miparum, 18; Hendersonii, 18; in- clinatum, 18, 20; intermedium, 20; lonchocaulon, 18; Menziesii, 20; miniatum, 18; Muehlenbeckii, 18; nudicaule, 19; obtusifolium, 20; pallescens, 18; pendulum, 18; poly- morphum, 19; pseudotriquetrum, 18; Sandbergii, 20; stenotrichum, 18; truncorum, 20; turbinatum, 18; uliginosum, 19; Warneum, 20; Weigelii, 19. NOVEMBER, 1952 ] Calamagrostis purpurascens, 146. Calandrinia ciliata, 54; maritima, 54. Calendula arvensis, 112. Calliergon stramineum, 27. Calyptridium umbellatum var. cau- diciferum, 147. Camptothecium aeneum, 30, var. ro- bustum, 30; alsioides, 1, 30; Ame- siae, 30; arenarium, 30, 32; lutes- cens var. occidentale, 30; megapti- lum, 30; nitens, 32; pinnatifidum, 30. Campylium polygamum, 28. Carex albonigra, 146, 213; arctogena, 107-109, 146; Blankinshipii, 160; Breweri, 147, 151; canescens dubia, 216; capitata, 108, 109; cephalo- phora, 180; cinnamomea, 157, 159- 161; Congdonii, 147; danaensis, 147; Davyi, 110; debiliformis, 157- 161; Eastwoodiana, 109; exserta, 147; exsiccata, 111; gymnoclada, 107; gynodynama, 157-160; Hay- deniana, 147; Helleri, 147; Leaven- worthii, 180; Lemmonii, 107; men- docinensis, 157-161; ormantha, 107; phaeocephala, 109; praeceptorum, 147, 216, 229; proposita, 110, 147; Rossii, 147; rostrata, 110, 111; Shel- donii, 72; subnigricans, 147, 214; tahoensis, 109; texensis, 180; verna- cula, 147; vesicaria, 110, 111. Carpobrotus chilensis, 54. Castanopsis sempervirens, 198. Castilleja Douglasii, 56; lapidicola, 222; nana, 148; pilosa, 214. Ceanothus gloriosus var. porrectus, 69; griseus var. horizontalis, 203; Masonii, 69; thyrsiflorus var. re- pens, 209. Cedrus libanensis, 185; libani, 185. Ceratodon purpureus, 4. Cereus Emoryi, 55. Chaenactis nevadensis, 148. Chenopodium californicum, 54; mur- ale, 54. Chorispora tenella, 204. Chromosome numbers, 87, 114, 225. Chrysothamnus nauseosus, 46, subsp. Bigelovii, 46, subsp. glareosus, 46, subsp. leiospermus, 46, var. petro- philus, 45. Cirsium Davisii, 46, 47; subniveum, 44 tioganum, 145; utahense, 46, 4 Clarkia rhomboidea, 215. Claopodium Bolanderi, 27; crispi- folium, 27; Whippleanum, 27, var. INDEX 233 leuconeurum, 27. Clematis pauciflora, 54. Clethra lanata, 63. Climaciaceae, 24. Climacium dendroides, 24. Coldenia Nuttallii, 63. Coloradoa mesae-verdae, 163. Congdonia, 62. Convolvulus aridus subsp. longilo- bus, 55. Coprosma Baueri, 211. Coreopsis maritima, 56. Crassula erecta, 55. Cratoneuron commutatum, 29; filici- num, 28, 29. Crepis nana, 149, 218. Cronquist, Arthur. Notes on the Compositae of the Northwestern United States, 41. Crossidium aberrans, 13; desertorum, 9; griseum, 9; squamigerum, 9. Cryophytum crystallinum, 54. Cryphaeaceae, 25. Cryptantha circumscissa, 102, 103, var. circumscissa, 104, var. hispida, 103, 104, 148, 230, var. rosulata, 104, 148, 150; Clevelandii, 56. Cupressus macrocarpa, 210. Cynodontium virens var. compac- tum, 6. Cyperus rivularis, 82. Cystopteris fragilis, 146, 151. Dendroalsia abietina, 25. Dentaria corymbosa, 216. Deschampsia danthonioides, 215. Descurainia pinnata, 54; Richard- sonii subsp. viscosa, 147. Desmatodon californicus, 13; convo- lutus, 9, 13; Guepini, 9; Hender- sonii, 9; latifolius, 9, var. muticus, 9; obtusifolius, 9; systylius, 9. Dichelostemma pulchellum, 54. Dichelyma Swarzii, 24. Dichodontium pellucidum, 6. Dichondra occidentalis, 55. Dicranaceae, 5. Dicranella heteromalla, 6; subulata, 6; varia, 5. Dicranoweissia, 18; cirrata, 6; con- termina, 6; crispula, 6, var. con- termina, 6. Dicranum Bergeri, 6; Bonjeani, 6; congestum, 6; fuscescens, 6, var. congestum, 6; scoparium, 6; spur- ium, 6; strictum, 6; virens var. ser- ratum, 6. Didymodon recurvirostris, 9, 13; rig- 234 idulus, 9, 13; tophaceus, 9, 10; tri- farius, 10. Digitaria arenicola, 162. Distichium, 18; capillaceum, 4; in- clinatum, 5. Ditrichaceae, 4. Ditrichum ambiguum, 5; heteromal- lum, 5; pusillum, 5; Schimperi, 5; tortuloides, 5. Draba Breweri, 147, var. sublaxa, 148; cruciata, 216; fladnizensis, 148, 152; Lemmonii, 148; nivalis var. californica, 216. Drepanocladus aduncus, 28, 29; var. capillifolius, 28, var. Kneifii, 28; exannulatus, 24, 28, var. Rotae, 28; fluitans, 28; Sendtneri, 29; uncina- tus, 28, var. symmetricus, 28. Dudleya anomala, 54; attenuata sub- sp. Orcuttii, 55; Bryceae, 55; semi- teres, 55. Dulichium arundinaceum, 108. Eastwood, Alice. The Albert Prager Herbarium of the California Acad- emy of Sciences, 205. Echinocactus mesae-verdae, 163. Echinocystis macrocarpa, 56. Eleocharis decumbens, 107, 108. Encalypta ciliata, 7; contorta, 8; rhabdocarpa, 8; streptocarpa, 8; vulgaris, 8. Encalyptaceae, 7. Encelia series Stenophyllae, 106; al- bescens, 105-107; angustifolia, 105- 107; californica, 56; scaposa, 106; stenophylla, 106. Entodon brevisetus, 33. Entodontaceae, 33. Entosthodon attenuatus, 16; Bolan- deri, 16; Templetoni, 16. Ephemeraceae, 16. Ephemerum serratum, 16. Epilobium oregonense, 148, 229. Epipterygium Tozeri, 19. Equisetum hyemale, 156, var. ela- tum, 156, var. robostum, 156; laevi- gatum, 156, var. elatum, 156; praealtum, 156. Eremalche exilis, 168. Erigeron compactus, 71, var. consi- milis, 71; compositus, 222, var. glabratus, 149; consimilis, 71; peti- olaris, 149; pygmaeus, 149; pyg- maeus var., 149. Eriochloa aristata, 50, 51; contracta, 50; gracilis, 50, 51, var. minor, 50, 51; Lemmoni, 50, 51, var. gracilis, LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. VI, NO. 12 51; procera, 50. Eriogonum agninum, 70; ampulla- ceum, 179; Covillei, 147, 199, 200, 202, 226, 228, 229; dumosum, 200; esmeraldense, 177, 179, var. esmer- aldense, 177, var. toiyabense, 177, 178; gracillimum, 112; grande, 54; incanum, 147, 199, 228, 229; Ken- nedyi, 152, var. alpigenum, 151, 152, var. olanchense, 147, 150, 151; laetum, 178, 179; marifolium, 199, 200, 202; mohavense, 179; nudum var. scapigerum, 147, 152; ovali- folium var. nivale, 147; ovatum, 226, 228; polyanthum, 200; poly- podum, 198-202, 226, 228, 229; pra- tense, 75-78, 80; rosulatum, 228; rotundifolium, 71, var. angustius, 71, var. typicum, 71; rubricaule, 178, 179; siskiyouense, 227-229; speciosum, 200; spergulinum, 75- 79, var. pratense, 78, 80, 81, var. Reddingianum, 79-81, var. typi- cum, 79, 81; subalpinum, 200; ter- natum, 226-229, var. Congdonii, 228, 229; trichopes, 178, 179, var. rubricaule, 179; umbellatum, 199- 201, 226-228, var. bahiaeforme, 226, subsp. Hausknechtii, 227, var. mi- nus, 202, 228, subsp. polyanthum, 226, 228, var. polypodum, 202, 228, var. ternatum, 227, 228, var. versi- color, 200, 202; ursinum, 199-201, 225, 226, 228, 229, var. confine, 227, 228, var. Congdonii, 227, 228, var. Covillei, 199, 202, 226, 228, var. nervulosum, 226, 228, 229, var. ros- ulatum, 228, var. siskiyouense, 228, var. typicum, 228, var. venosum, 199, 202, 225, 226, 228; vimineum var. caninum, 70; Wrightii, 152. Erodium cicutarium, 55, 112; mos- chatum, 55. Erysimum perenne, 148. Eschscholzia elegans, 54; Orcuttiana, Eucladium verticillatum, 10. Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia, 56. Euphorbia misera, 55. Eurhynchium Brittoniae, 30; diversi- folium, 32; fallax, 31; oreganum, 30; praelongum, 32, var. Stokesii, 31; pulchellum, 30, var. scabrise- tum, 30; rusciforme, 31; serrula- tum, 32; Stokesii, 31, var. californi- cum, 31; strigosum, 30; substrigo- sum, 31. NOVEMBER, 1952 | Fabronia pusilla, 12, 26. Fabroniaceae, 26. Festuca megalura, 54, 215; minuti- flora, 151; ovina var. brachyphylla, 146, var. minutiflora, 146, 151. Fissidens adianthoides, 7; bryoides; 7; grandifrons, 7; incurvus, 7; ju- lianus, 7; limbatus, 7, var. brevifo- lius, 7; minutulus, 7; pauperculus, 1, 7; rufulus, 7; sublimbatus, 7; tamarindifolius, 7; ventricosus, 7; viridulus, 7. Fissidentaceae, 7. Floerkea proserpinacoides, 216. Fontinalaceae, 24. Fontinalis antipyretica, 24, var. mol- lis, 24; Duriaei, 24; Howellii, 24; neo-mexicana, 24; patula, 24. Franseria chenopodiifolia, 56. Funaria americana, 16; californica, 16; hygrometrica, 17, var. calves- sens, 17, var. convoluta, 17; micro- stoma, 17; Muhlenbergii, 17, var. lineata, 17, var. patula, 17. Funariaceae, 16. Galium Munzii var. subalpinum, 148. Gaultheria humifusa, 214. Gayoides crispum, 81. Gayophytum diffusum, 216; racemo- sum, 148, 229. Gentiana Newberryi, 148. Georgiaceae, 4. Gilia capitata, 215; oblanceolata, 217, var. Culbertsonii, 217. Gnaphalium luteo-album, 52; chi- lense, 43; microcephalum var. ther- male, 47; thermale, 47. Goodman, George J. A new variety in Eriogonum rotundifolium, 71. Gossypium Armourianum, 165; bar- badense var. Darwinii, 166; Dar- winii, 165, 166; Davidsonii, 165; gossypioides, 166; Harknessii, 165; Klotzschianum, 165, 166, var. Da- vidsonii, 165; lanceaeforme, 166; Thurberi, 166; trilobum, 166. Gould, Frank W. Eriochloa in Ari- zona, 50. Greeneocharis, 103. Grimmia Agassizii, 13; alpestris, 14, var. Manniae, 14; alpicola var. rivularis, 14; anodon, 14; apocar- pa, 14, var. gracilis, 14; arizonae, 14; atricha, 14; brevirostris, 14, 15; calyptrata, 14; commutata, 16; conferta, 16; decipiens, 14; Donni- INDEX 235 ana, 16; elongata, 16; hamulosa, 14; Hartmani, 14; incurva, 16; laevigata, 14; maritima, 14; mon- tana, 15; Moxleyi, 15; ovalis, 16; plagiopodia, 15; pulvinata, 15; torquata, 15; trichophylla, 15, 16, var. meridionalis, 15, var. Mueh- lenbeckii, 15; unicolor, 15. Grimmiaceae, 13. Gutierrezia, 112. Gymnolomia serrata, 106. Gymnostomum calcareum, 10. Hackelia Sharsmithii, 148. Halogeton glomeratus, 180; sativus, 180. Haplocladium microphyllum, 27. Haplopappus, see Aplopappus. Hebe, 211. Hedwigia ciliata, 24. Hedwigiaceae, 24. Helenium Hoopesii, 145. Helopus gracilis, 51. Hemizonia sp., 56. Heterocladium heteropteroides, 27. Heterocodon rariflorum, 217. Heuchera rubescens, 148, 153. Hieracium horridum, 149, 153. Homalobus impensus, 98; tegetarius, 91; Wolfii, 91, 95. Homalothecium nevadense, 31, var. subulatum, 31; Nuttallii, 31, var. hamatidens, 31, var. stoloniferum, 31. Hookeria acutifolia, 26; lucens, 26. Hookeriaceae, 26. Hopkirkia anthemoidea, 155. Hordeum brachyantherum, 230; Stebbinsii, 112. Howell, John Thomas. Gnaphalium luteo-album L. in Arizona, 52; a year with Pityopus, 57; Marin flora postscripts, 69; Carex Sheldonii in the Sierra Nevada, 72; an earlier publication of Polypogon semi- verticillatus, 72; variations in Eri- ogonum spergulinum, 75; studies in California Aplopappus, 84; Juncus capitatus in California, 88; Cryptantha circumscissa in the Si- erra Nevada, 102; notes on some Sierran sedges, 107; the Arctic- alpine flora of three peaks in the Sierra Nevada, 141; Stivers lupine in Plumas County, California, 156; studies in Carex—III: the identity of Carex mendocinensis, 157; 236 Aplopappus cuneatus in the Cali- fornia Coast Ranges, 163; Polygo- num Newberryi in California, 164; an accession in ‘Trifolium, 164; Eriogonum notes, 177, 198; Halo- geton in California, 180; Carices adventive in California, 180; the Little Sur Manzanita, a new spe- cies, 202; arrival of Chorispora in California, 204; Mineral King and some of its plants, 212; Apium leptophyllum in California, 219; further California records of Pity- opus, 220; Eriogonum notes [II: confusions in E. ursinum, 225; some altitudinal records from the southern Sierra Nevada, Califor- nia, 229. Hulsea algida, 149; vestita, 199. Husnotiella revoluta, 10. Hygroamblystegium irriguum, 28; orthocladum, 29; tenax, 28. Hygrohypnum Bestii, 28; dilatatum, 28; luridum, 28; molle, 28, 29; ochraceum, 28; Smithii, 28. Hylocomiaceae, 33. Hylocomium splendens, 33. Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, 13. Hypnaceae, 32. Hypnum acanthoneuron, 20; adun- cum hamatum, 29; Brewerianum, 25, var. lutescens, 25; caespitosum, 31; calyptratum, 27; cespitans, 31; circinale, 32; cupressiforme, 32; elegans, 32; fertile, 33; imponens, 33; laetum, 31; Nuttallii var. sto- loniferum, 31; pseudoarcticum, 29; revolutum, 33; Sendtneri fma. vulgaris, 29; stoloniferum, 31; subimponens, 33. Iberis amara, 211; umbellata, 211. Impatiens Roylei, 72. Ingenhouzia triloba, 166. Isopterygium elegans, 32; pulchel- lum, 32. Isothecium Howei, 25. Juncus capillaris, 215; capitatus, 88; nevadensis, 147; Parryii, 147; sphaerocarpus, 215; triformis, 88. Kearney, Thomas H. Notes on Mal- vaceae, 51, 165; a’ plant new to California, 81; the genus Malaco- thamnus, Greene, 113. Kentorus montanus 8§., 97. LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. VI, NO. 12 Kentrophyta, 89; aculeata, 91, 93, 95-97; coloradoensis, 101; impen- sa, 100; minima, 91, 94; montana, 95-99, 101; montana 8., 96; mon- tana 8. viridis, 97; rotunda, 91, 93; tegetaria, 91, 93, 95; ungulata, 100; viridis, 97-99, 101; Wolfii, 91, 100. Koch, Leo Francis. Mosses of Cali- fornia: an annotated list of spe- cies, 1. Koeleria cristata, 146. Krynitzkia dichotoma, 103, 105. Leersia trachymitra, 8. Lepidium nitidum, 54. Leptobryum pyriforme, 19. Leptodactylon pungens, 148. Leptodictyum riparium, 28; tricho- podium, 29, var. Kochii, 29. Leptohymenium cristatum, 25. Leptoloma arenicola, 162. Leskeaceae, 26. Leskea obscura, 26. Lesquerella Barnebyi, 73; carinata, 73; hemiphysaria, 73; Kingii, 73; occidentalis, 73; ovalifolia, 74; Paysonii, 73-75; prostrata, 74, 75; pruinosa, 75; subumbellata, 75; utahensis, 73; Wardii, 73. Leucodontaceae, 25. Leucolepis Menziesii, 20. Lewisia pygmaea subsp. glandulosa, 147; sierrae, 147, 229. Linanthus ciliatus, 215; oblanceola- tus, 216, 217; tularensis,.217. Little, Jr., Elbert L. The genus Pseu- dotsuga (Douglas-fir) in North America, 181. Lonchophaca, 172; duchesnensis, 177; kaibensis, 176; macra, 174; macrocarpa, 174; Osterhouti, 177. Lotus strigosus, 55; Watsonii, 55. Lupinus Breweri var. bryoides, 148, 153; fraxinetorum, 70; oreocharis, 199; Stiversii, 156; truncatus, 55. Luzula congesta, 147; spicata, 147; subcongesta, 145. Lycium brevipes, 56; californicum, 56. McMillan, Calvin. Senecio saxosus Klatt in the Great Basin, 221. Madia exigua, 215; minima, 215. Maguire, Bassett. Lequerella collect- ed by H. D. Ripley and R. C. Bar- neby, 73. Malacothamnus, 113, 116; Abbottii, NOVEMBER, 1952 ] 117, 119, 129, 130; aboriginum, 113, 117, 121; arcuatus, 113, 116, 120, 132, 133; clementinus, 118, 127; Davidsonii, 113, 119, 130, 131; densiflorus, 113, 117, 119, 128, 129, 132, var. viscidus, 119, 120, 129; fasciculatus, 113, 115, 116, 119, 128, 131, 133-139, var. catalinensis, 119, 138, 139, var. laxiflorus, 120, 131, 136-139, var. nesioticus, 119, 139, var. Nuttallii, 120, 138, 139, splen- didus, 113, 137; foliosus, 115, 117, 122, 123; Fremontii, 113, 115, 118, 124-127, 131, 132; gracilis, 119, 130; Hallii, 116, 120, 133, 135; Helleri, 116, 118, 124, 125; Howellii, 116, 118, 126, 127; Jonesii, 118, 120, 135; marrubioides, 113, 116, 117, 120, 125, 126, 129, 131-133; mendoci- nensis, 116, 119, 133; mnesioticus, 113, 139; niveus, 116, 118, 123-125, 135; Nuttallii, 113, 138; orbicula- tus, 113, 116, 118, 120, 125, 126, 132; Palmeri, 113, 117, 120, 121, var. involucratus, 117, 121; pani- culatus, 115, 117, 123; Parishii, 116, 120, 136. Malacothrix Clevelandii, 56. Malva fasciculata, 113, 136, 137; ob- tusifolia, 114; parviflora, 55; ten- ella, 168. Malvastrum, 113, 116; Abbottii, 129; aboriginum, 121; angustum, 52; arcuatum, 132; arequipense, 166; catalinense, 138; clementinum, 127; coromandelianum, 113; Da- vidsonii, 130; densiflorum, 123, 128, var. typicum, 128, var. visci- dum, 129; Dudleyi, 135; exile, 55, 168; fasciculatum, 136, var. cata- linense, 138, var. laxiflorum, 134, 137, var. Nuttallii, 138, var. nesio- ticum, 139, var. typicum, 136; fo- liosum, 122; fragrans, 123; Fre- montii, 126, var. cercophorum, 126, 127, var. Helleri, 124, var. niveum, 123, var. orbiculatum, 125; gabrielense, 131; gracile, 130; Hallii, 134; Helleri, 124; hispida, 52; Howellii, 127, var. cordatum, 127; insulare, 167; involucratum, 121; Jonesii, 135; laxiflorum, 137; marrubioides, 122, 131, var. pani- culatum, 123, var. viscidum, 129; mendocinense, 133; mollendoense, 168, 169; nesioticum, 139; niveum, 123; Nuttallii, 138; orbiculatum, 125; Palmeri, 120, var. involucra- INDEX 237 tum, 121; paniculatum, 123; Par- ishii, 136; splendidum, 137; tenel- lum, 168; Thurberi, 136, 137, var. laxiflorum, 137; viscidum, 129. Malveopsis arcuata, 132. Mammillaria dioica, 55. Meesia triquetra, 21, 230; uliginosa, Meesiaceae, 21. Melica imperfecta, 54. Merceya latifolia, 10. Mesembryanthemum chilense, 54; crystallinum, 54. Mimulus Breweri, 215; stamineus, 148, 230. Mirabilis laevis, 54. Mniaceae, 20. Mniobryum Wahlenbergii, 19. Mnium, 18; affine, 20, var. ciliare, 20, var. elatum, 20; cuspidatum, 20; Drummondii, 21; glabrescens, 21; insigne, 21; longirostrum, 21; marginatum, 21; medium, 20, 21; Menziesii, 20; punctatum, 21; ve- nustum, 21. Monardella odoratissima var. parvi- folia, 148. Monotropa californica, 57. Monteiroa glomerata, 169; triangu- larifolia, 169. Montia perfoliata, 215. Moran, Reid. Plants of the Todos Santos Islands, Baja California, 53; whence Sedum pinetorum Bran- degee?, 62. Morton, C. V. New combinations in Equisetum and Pellaea, 156. Mosses of California: an annotated list of species, 1. Muhlenbergia Richardsonis, 146. Neckera Douglasii, 26; oligocarpa, 26; pennata var. oligocarpa, 26. Neckeraceae, 26. Neckeradelphus Menziesii, 26. Neobaclea crispifolia, 51. Nicotiana Clevelandii, 56. Nototriche, 113, 116. Octodiceras fontanum, 7. Oncophorus virens, 6; Wahlenbergii var. compactus, 6. Opuntia occidentalis, 55. Oreocarya nubigena, 148. Oreonana Clementis, 148, 199, 216. Orochaenactis thysanocarpha, 149, 230. Orthodicranum strictum, 6, 19. 238 Orthodontium gracile, 19; pellucens, QE UG: Orthotrichaceae, 22. Orthotrichum affine, 22, 24; alpes- tre, 22; anomalum, 24; Bolanderi, 292: bullatum, 23; consimile, 23, 24; cupulatum, 23; cylindrocarpum, 23; laevigatum, 23, 24, var. Kingi- anum, 23; Lyellii, 23, var. papil- losum, 23, fma. Pringlei, 23; mi- croblepharum, 24; pulchellum, 24; rivulare, 23; Roellii, 23; rupestre, 23, var. globosum, 23; Shawii, 24; speciosum, 23; tenellum, 23, var. cylindrocarpum, 23; texanum, 23. Oryzopsis Bloomeri, 215; hymen- oides, 216. Oxyria digyna, 147, 152. Oxytheca Reddingiana, 77, 79; sper- gulina, 79. Oxytropis Besseyi var. argophylla, 111, var. ventosa, 111; campestris var. columbiana, 111, var. Cusickii, 111, var. dispar, 111, var. gracilis, 111, §. spicata, 111; columbiana, 111; Cusickii, 111; deflexa var. fol- iolosa, 111; Lagopus var. atropur- purea, 111; Lambertii var. articu- lata, 111; sericea var. spicata 111. Palaua mollendoensis, 168; tomen- tosa, 169. Panicum Ohwii, 162; parvispiculum, 162. Papaver apulum var. micranthum, 12: Parietaria floridana, 54. Peck, Morton E. Impatiens Roylei Walp. in Oregon, 72. Pelargonium grossulariaefolium, 69; grossularioides, 69; vitifolium, 211; zonale, 211. Pellaea atropurpurea var. simplex, 156; glabella var. simplex, 156; Suksdorfiana, 156. Penstemon Davidsonii, 148, 218. Perideridia Gairdneri, 145. Perityle Emoryi, 56. Petroselinum crispum, 204. Phaca macrocarpa, 174; viridis, 97, 101. Phacelia austromontana, 217; cicu- taria var. hispida, 56; distans, 56; Eisenii, 215; hirtuosa, 56; ixodes, 56; orogenes, 217. Phascum cuspidatum, 10, 16, var. americanum, 10; hyalinotrichum, 10. Philonotis americana, 22; calcarea LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. VI, NO. 12 fma. occidentalis, 22; capillaris, 22; fontana, 22, var. pumila, 22; marchica, 22. Phlox caespitosa, 148. Pholistoma racemosum, 56. Physalis Greenei, 56. Physcomitrella patens, 17. Physcomitrium megalocarpum, 17, var. californicum, 17; pyriforme, 17; turbinatum, 17. Picea glaucescens, 195. Pinus albicaulis, 145; Balfouriana, 142-144, 198, 218; Douglasii, 186, 195, brevibracteata, 186; flexilis, 143, 144; Murrayana, 144, 145, 198; Picea, 183, 184; ponderosa, 72; radiata, 210; religiosa, 195; taxi- folia, 182, 185. Pityopus californicus, 57-59, 61, 220; oreganus, 57. Plagiotheciaceae, 32. Plagiothecium denticulatum, 32; pulchellum, 32; undulatum, 32. Platyhypnidium riparioides, 31. Pleuricospora, 61. Pleuridium acuminatum, 5; Bolan- deri, 5; califoricum, 5. Poa gracillima, 146; Hansenii, 146; Lettermanii, 146; rupicola, 146, 151; Suksdorfii, 146. Pogonatum alpinum, 33, var. brevi- folium, 34; contortum, 34. Pohlia acuminata, 19; annotina, 19; cruda, 19; Drummondii, 19; lon- gibracteata, 19; Ludwigii, 19; nu- tans, 19; obtusifolia, 20; polymor- pha, 19; Tozeri, 19; Wahlenbergii, 19. Polemonium eximium, 148, 218. Polygonum Davisae, 164; Kelloggii, 145; Newberryi, 164. Polypogon semiverticillatus, 72. Polytrichaceae, 33. Polytrichadelphus Lyallii, 34. Polytrichum commune, 34; formo- sum, 34; gracile, 34; juniperinum, 34; piliferum, 34. Porothamnium Bigelovii, 26. Potentilla Drummondii, 148; nubi- gena, 148; pseudosericea, 148; san- tolinoides, 199. Pottia arizonica, 10, 13, var. mucro- nulata, 10; bryoides, 10; Davallii, 13; Fosbergii, 10; Heimii, 13; Jati- folia, 13; minutula, 13; mutica, 13; Starkeana, 10. Pottiaceae, 8. Prager Herbarium, 205. NOVEMBER, 1952 | Primula suffrutescens, 148. Pseudisothecium stoloniferum, 31, var. myurellum, 31. Pseudobraunia californica, 24. Pseudoleskea atrovirens, 26; riges- cens, 26, var. Howei, 26. Pseudotsuga, 181; caesia, 187, 194; californica, 190, 193; Douglasii, 182, 183, 191, 194, 196, var. caesia, 182, 186, var. glauca, 186, 193, 197, fma. glauca, 186, glaucescens, 196, var. macrocarpa, 189, A. viridis, 182, var. viridis, 182, 186; Flahaul- ti, 187, 188, 194, 197; glauca, 181, 182, 186, 191, 193, 198, var. caesia, 187; glaucescens, 195-197; globu- losa, 187, 194; Guinieri, 187, 194, var. mediostrobus, 187, 194, var. ' parvistrobus, 187; Lindleyana, 186, 193, 196-198; macrocarpa, 181, 189, 190, 192, 193; macrolepis, 187, 188, 193, 194, 197; Menziesii, 181-183, var. caesia, 187, var. glauca, 187, var. viridis, 182; Merrillii, 187, mucronata, 182; Rehderi, 187, 194; taxifolia, 58, 181-183, 193, 6. caesia, 187, fma. caesia, 187, subsp. glauca, 187, var. glauca, 181, 182, 186-188, 193, fma. glauca, 186, var. sube- rosa, 186, 189, var. taxifolia, 182, 185, var. viridis, 181; vancouver- ensis, 182, 193. Pterigoneuron subsessile, 13. Pterigynandrum filiforme, 25, 26. Pterogonium gracile, 25. Pterospora andromedea, 57. Pterostegia drymarioides, 54. Ptychomitriaceae, 22. Ptychomitrium Gardneri, 22. Puccinia Rydbergii, 153. Raillardella argentea, 149; scaposa, 217, var. Pringlei, 217. Ranunculus Eschscholtzii var. oxy- notus, 147. Raven, Peter H. Parsley for Marin County, 204; plant notes from San Francisco, California, 208. Rhacomitrium aciculare, 15; can- escens, 15; depressum, 15; heteros- tichum, 15, var. sudeticum, 15; patens, 15; varium, 15. Rhamnus californica, 203. Rhodobryum roseum, 20. Rhus integrifolia, 55; laurina, 55. Rhynchostegium Royae, 32; serru- latum, 32. Rhytidiaceae, 33. INDEX 239 Rhytidiadelphus loreus, 33; trique- trus, 33, var. californicus, 33. Ribes cereum, 148. Roellia lucida, 20. Rumex paucifolius, 152, var. minus- culus, 147, 152; triangulivalvis, 147. Salsola Kali var. tenuifolia, 112, 180. Salvia mellifera, 203. Sambucus racemosa, 148, 153, 154, var. melanocarpa, 153. Sanicula laciniata, 83. Sarcodes sanguinea, 57. Saxifraga Howellii, 82; parvifolia, 83. Schismus arabicus, 112. Scirpus Clementis, 214; Congdonii, 107; pumilus, 214. Schkuhria anthemoidea, 155; anthe- moides, 155; Hopkirkia, 155; Wis- lizeni, 154, 155, fma. flava, 155, var. frustrata, 155, var. guatema- lensis, 155, var. Wrightii, 155; Wrightii, 155. Scleropodium apocladum, 31; cali- fornicum, 31; cespitans, 31; colpo- phyllum, 31; illecebrum, 31; ob- tusifolium, 31; Tourretii, 31. Scouleria aquatica, 15; marginata, 16. Scribneria Bolanderi, 215. Sedum compactum, 62; delicatum, 62; rosea var. integrifolium, 148. Selaginella Watsonii, 146. Seligeriaceae, 5. Sematophyllum, 31. Senecio sect. Tomentosi, 221; alpi- cola, 221; aureus var. alpinus, 221; aurantiacus, 47, 48; bivestitus, 47; campestris, 48; exaltatus, 48; Fre- montii var. occidentalis, 149, 153; integerrimus, 48, var. exaltatus, 48, var. ochroleucus, 48; lugens, 48, var. exaltatus, 48, var. ochro- leucus, 48; minimum, 62; pento- dontus, 221; petraeus, 221; petro- callis, 221; petrophilus, 221; pine- torum, 62, 63; saxosus, 221-223, var. toiyabensis, 221, 222; spathuli- folius, 48; speculicola, 149, 213. Sida angustifolia, 171; campestris, 170, 171; hispida, 52; salviaefolia, 169, 170, var. submutica, 169, 171; spinosa, 170, 171, var. angustifolia, 170; tenuicaulis, 171. Sidopsis, type of the genus, 52; 113, 116. 240 Silene Sargentii, 147. Sitanion Hystrix, 146. Smith, Clifton F. Notes on two Cali- fornia weeds, 112. Solanum Palmeri, 56. Sonchus oleraceus, 56; tenerrimus, 56. Sphaeralcea aboriginum, 121; an- gusta, 52; arcuata, 132; arequipen- sis, 166; Davidsonii, 130; densi- flora, 128, var. gabrielensis, 131, var. viscida, 129; fasciculata, 136, var. Elmeri, 134, var. Jonesii, 135, var. laxiflora, 137, var. nesiotica, 139, var. Nuttallii, 138; Fremontii, 126, 132, var. cercophora, 127, var. exfibulosa, 124; nesiotica, 139; or- biculata, 125, var. clementina, 127; Palmeri, 120. Sphagnaceae, 3. Sphagnum acutifolium, 3; auricula- tum, 3; Bolanderi, 3; capillaceum, 3; compactum, 4; magellanicum, 3; mendocinum, 3; microphyllum, 3; palustre, 4; papillosum, 4; plu- mulosum, 4; squarrosum, 4; sub- nitens, 4; subsecundum, 4, var. longifolium, 3; teres, 4. Splachnaceae, 17. Splachnum melanocaulon, 17. Sporobolus Poiretii, 210. Stellaria nitens, 214; umbellata, 145. Stephanomeria myrioclada, 48; ten- uifolia var. myrioclada, 48. Stipa Elmeri, 146, 199; occidentalis, 216; pinetorum, 146, 151, 213. Stylomecon heterophylla, 112. Stylophyllum semiteres, 55. Synthyris laciniata var. ibapahensis, 222; reniformis, 83, 84. Tanacetum canum, 149, 153; poten- tilloides, 49, var. potentilloides, 48, 49, var. nitrophilum, 49. Tarasa, 113, 116. Tayloria serrata, 17. Tetracarpum guatemalense, 155; flavum, 155. Tetraphis pellucida, 4. Thelypodium lasiophyllum, 54. Thuidiaceae, 27. Thuidium microphyllum, 27. Thurberia thespesioides, 166. Tillaea erecta, 55. Timmia megapolitana, 22. Timmiaceae, 22. Timmiella anomala, 10; crassinervis, LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. VI, NO. 12 11, 13; flexiseta, 13; vancouverien- sis, 11. Todos Santos Islands, Baja Califor- nia, plants of, 53. Tomenthypnum nitens, 32. Tortula amplexa, 11; Bartramii, 11; Bolanderi, 11; brevipes, 11, 13; californica, 11; cuneifolia, 13; eri- caefolia, 8; inermis, 11; interme- dia, 11; laevipila, 11; latifolia, 11; membranifolia, 9; mucronifolia, 11; muralis, 11, 13; norvegica, 11; obtusissima, 11; pagorum, 12; pa- pillosa, 12; princeps, 2, 11, 12; ru- raliformis, 12; ruralis, 12, var. gigantea, 12; subulata, 12, var. an- gustata, 12. Townsendia florifer, 50, var. Wat- soni, 49; Watsoni, 50. Trichostomopsis brevifolia, 12; Fayae, 12. Trichostomum crassinerve, 11; cris- pulum, 13. Trifolium angustifolium, 164. Tripterocladium leucocladulum, 33. Triquetrella californica, 1, 12. Trisetum spicatum, 146, var. Cong- donii, 146. Tsuga canadensis, 184; Douglasii var. glauca, 186; var. macrocarpa, 189; Lindleyana, 186, 188, 195-198; ma- crocarpa, 189. Ulota phyllantha, 24. Urocarpidium, 166; albiflorum, 166. Urtica urens, 54. Vaccinium ovatum, 58, 209. Verbesina angustissima, 106; dissita, 56; encelioides var. exauriculata, 107; longifolia, 106; scotiodonta, 106. Veronica franciscana, 211; speciosa, 21). Vesicularia amphibola, 2, 33. Vicia exigua, 55. Viola purpurea var. grisea, 148, 153, 229. Wagnon, H. Keith. Three new spe- cies and one new form in Bromus, 64. Washingtonia filifera, 195. Weber, William A. The glabrate form of Wyethia arizonica, 223. Weissia controversa, 12; viridula, 12. Wyethia amplexicaulis, 223-225; ari- zonica, 223-225; helianthoides, 223. Pd 5S] L/ ‘! ib ( : iG TET 3 5185 ee 723 ath a tah nant bey aa wh} 7 aw Maite Ni Mert pth sat Vat oi! Ta uaa tite fed wis bey BES i: is it he Lr Mi ee ie Cyr a ty ae i, Chen pd Pass aN ee a) oh sei " ‘nr i * Tihs bef ot Wy ‘he ‘i tte er) i ' “i Haneda ateolwi hale “aids re. pial ahs xe s ‘ae 4 Minna i" SARK OL ee et ue e Zant pert Ss Mia vy cea ‘atone ee aAYs Sy vale us a ahh eas Si teen rR Ves? 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