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THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA

DAVIS

GIFT OF
W. HARRY LANGE

f LIBRARY OF

W. H. LANGE

On the Tsu-shima Representative of the Japanese Sable. 161

XVIII. — On the Tsu-shima Representative of the Japanese
Sable. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

THE late Mr. P. A. Hoist, while collecting birds for Mr. Henry
Seebohm in the far East, obtained and sent home five speci-
mens of the Marten which inhabits the islands known as
Tsu-shima, between Corea and Japan. These specimens are
clearly related to the Japanese Sable (Mustela melampus),
but differ so much in the details of their coloration as to
demand subspecific separation. Two of the specimens are in
summer pelage and three in winter, and, for comparison with
them, there are in the British Museum one summer and four
winter examples of the Japanese form. The summer and
one of the winter specimens are co-types of Temminck's
species, while the former is, in addition, the type of M.japon-
icus of Gray, who, in spite of Temminck's definite account of
the seasonal changes, considered the brown summer form as
characterizing a different species, and re-named it accordingly.

Mustela melampus tsuensis, subsp. n.

Similar to the typical form in size, quality of fur, and in
cranial and dental characters, but distinguished by the following
colour-characters : —

In winter pelage. — General colour above dirty yellowish
brown instead of rich orange-yellow. Top of head to nape,
instead of only to forehead, ashy greyish white. Muzzle, up
to and including the orbital region, and lips (both upper and
lower) black ; interramia * brown • throat white, in continua-
tion with the white of the cheeks and crown, passing on the
chest and belly into dark brownish yellow. Fore limbs
black from the elbow downwards ; hind limbs black on the
feet, brown below the knee.

In this pelage the most marked distinctions from typicus
are the black instead of brown muzzle and lips, the brown
instead of white interramia, and white instead of yellowish
throat, besides the difference in general tone and greater ex-
tension backwards of the ashy colour of the crown.

* Interramia. — The space between the rami of the lower jaw, behind
the " chin " but anterior to the " throat." In describing mammals a name
is constantly being wanted for this region ; but I have been quite unable
to discover whether there is already one in existence, and therefore now
suggest one. I have personally felt the want of such a word again and
again, especially when describing antelopes, in which the interramia is
particularly distinct from either chin or throat.

162 Mr. 0. Thomas on a

In summer pelage. — General colour singularly like that of
a dark-coloured pole-cat (Putorius putorius), much darker
than in the typical form. All the parts that are brown in
typicus are black in tsuensis, while the whole of the limbs,
and not only their distal portions, are black. Below, the lips
and interramia are black, the light mottling of the throat is
less in extent but much brighter in colour, orange-yellow or
orange, and the belly is much darker brown. Some of these
differences may be due to the faded state of the only summer
typicus available, and therefore less stress is to be laid on
them than on those in the winter pelage. On this account
the type selected is a winter example.

Approximate dimensions of the type, from a skin (<$) : —

Head and body 470 millim. ; tail 160 ; hind foot 85.

Skull: basal length 78; greatest length 88; greatest
breadth 54; interorbital breadth 23; palate length from
gnathion 41 ; palate breadth betAveen outer corners of ?ii 30.

flab. Tsu-shima Islands.

Type : B.M. 91. 10. 14. 3, collected at Kamoze, April 17,
1891, by Mr. P. A. Hoist.

XIX. — On a new Gazelle from Central Arabia.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

SUEGEON LlEUT.-COLONEL A. S. G. JAYAKAE, of Muscat, to

whom our knowledge of the fauna of South-eastern Arabia is
largely due, has recently sent to the British Museum a further
consignment of mammals, collected within the last two years.
Besides the Oman specimens, all of which belong to species
recorded in my paper on the mammals of that district*, there
are several skins of a Gazelle received by Dr. Jayakar from
Nejd, in the interior of Arabia, and these prove to represent
a most distinct form from any previously known.
It may be called

Gazella marica, sp. n.

Size about as in G. dorcas. Colour of head very much as
in G. hptoceros and Loderi — that is to say, with the usual
gazelline face- markings almost obsolete. The central and
lateral dark bands of the face are of about the general body-
colour, and very slightly defined from the paler bands between
them. In the middle line the central dark band, such as it

* P. Z. S. 1894, p. 448.

new Gazelle from Central Arabia. 163

is, barely reaches to the level of the anterior canthus, the
whole forehead, over an area roughly corresponding to the
frontal bones, being white. Ears long, their backs uniformly
pale fawnish white. Body pale fawn, of about the tint of
G. dorcaSj much paler than in the dark G. muscatensis.
Pale lateral band scarcely visible ; dark lateral band and
pygal band pale brown, little marked, scarcely darker than
the dorsal colour. Limbs whitish or very pale fawn through-
out ; distinct knee-tufts present.

Skull of about the size and proportions of that of G. dorcas,
but the nasals are longer and the premaxillae shorter; the
nasal opening is consequently shorter and also broader.
Posteriorly the nasals are more broadly rounded. Bullae
much inflated.

Horns unfortunately not perfectly describable, as in the
only old male they have had their ends cut off, and the type
is rather immature. So far as can be seen, however, they
are of a somewhat lyrate shape, short, not very strongly
curved backwards, and with their ends turned inwards towards
each other. Female with horns of the usual proportions.

As to measurements, the distance from the calcaneum to
the tip of the hoof round the curve is 305 millim., the same
measurement in G. muscatensis being about an inch less.
The ears, moistened, are about 135 millim. from notch to tip.

Skull of the type : basal length 150 millim. ; greatest
length 167; greatest breadth 77; nasals, length 57, breadth
22 ; nasal opening 42 x 24 ; gnathion to orbit 88 ; gnathion
to front of tooth-row 36 ; palate length 86.

The horns of the type are just 200 millim. (8 inches) in
length round the curve outside, and, judging from comparison
with the older specimen, would have probably become about
a couple of inches longer.

Hob. Nejd, Central Arabia.

Type Brit. Mus. 97. 1. 14. 5.

Dr. Jayakar says in his letter : — " Among the mammals
are four Keem Gazelles from the Nejd desert, and one from
Dahireh, the north-western district of Oman. It is probable
that the species extends down to the desert behind Oman,
as that is continuous with the Nejd desert."

No described species really needs any detailed comparison
with G. marica, which differs from nearly all known Gazelles
by its obsolete face- markings. Of the few species similarly
pale-faced, G. leptoceros and Loderi are much larger and
have wholly different elongate horns, and G. gutturosa, sub-
gutturoscij and picticaudata have hornless females.

164 Col. C. Swinhoe on new Eastern Heterocera.

XX. — New Eastern Heterocera.
By Col. C. SWINHOE, M.A., F.L.S.

Fam. Sphingidae.

Genus PHYLLOSPHINGIA, nov.

J . Palpi broadly scaled, upturned, and not reaching vertex
of head, which has a somewhat pointed crest ; antennae fasci-
culate ; thorax with sharp dorsal crest. Fore wing long and
narrow, outer margin oblique, evenly and deeply crenulate,
hinder angle lobed and the inner margin excised before it.
Hind wing with the costa excised to middle, then produced
upwards to a lobe ; outer margin deeply and evenly crenu-
late ; veins 6 and 7 from upper angle.

Allied to Cypa, Walker, and Degmaptera, Hampson j
differs from the former in the broadly scaled palpi, the evenly
crenulate outer margins, and the excised lobed costa of hind
wing ; from the latter in the broadly scaled palpi, the evenly
crenulate outer margin, the less excised inner margin of fore
wing and costa of hind wing : and from both in veins 6 and
7 of hind wing being from angle of cell.

Type P. perundulans mihi.

1. PnyllospMngia perundulans^ sp. n.

£ . Eosy chestnut-brown; shaft of antennse, upperside of
palpi, top of head, and a thin dorsal band on thorax dark
brown. Fore wings with the costa dark brown, broadly
brown on the basal third, and with some brown marks on the
apical third, from whence to the apex there are some whitish
suffusions ; the disk crossed by three or four very indistinct
brown lines ; a dark and bright chestnut band on fascia from
the middle of the cell, broad and lobed beneath the outer half
of the median vein, and haHway outwards beneath vein 4, and
another similar fascia nearly joining it from the outer margin
below the apex, its upperside limited by the whitish apical
suffusion. Hind wings coloured like the fore wings, with
indications of faint transverse bands. Underside brighter
chestnut- colour, the white suffusions near the costa towards
the apex being developed into white bands ; the hind wings
brighter coloured than the fore wings, being of a red-chestnut,
with a rosy- white band before the middle.

Expanse of wings 4/Q inches.

Jaintia Hills.

Col. C. Svvinhoe on new Eastern Heterocera. 165

Fam. Notodontidae.
Genus EUPLEXIDIA, nov.

<J . Palpi curving upwards, second joint thickly scaled,
third oblique ; antennas with very minute cilia ; a tuft on
metathorax, also dorsal tufts on abdomen near the base ;
tibiae with some long hairs. Fore wing with the apex
rounded; vein 10 slightly touching 8 and 9, to form the
areole. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked, 8 from the
cell near the base, 5 very slight and from middle of disco-
cellular.

Type E. noctuiformis mihi.

2. Euplexidia noctuiformis, sp. n.

Euplexidia noctuiformis, Swinh. MS. ; Hampson, Moths, iv., Suppl.
p. 461 (1896).

$ . Antennae, head, body, and fore wings brown, with a
slight pinkish tinge. Fore wings irrorated with white and
black atoms in parts ; costa with black marks and with three
white dots near the apex ; two or three small black dots near
the base ; a rather prominent key-shaped black mark placed
longitudinally in the centre of the wing below the cell ;
orbicular and reniform marks indistinct, grey, marked with
black ; an indistinct sinuous grey submarginal line ; a similar
but more indistinct marginal line and black points in the
interspaces on the margin. Hind wings white, with a brown
marginal line and white cilia interlined with brown.

Expanse of wings lj6Q inch.

Cherra Punji.

Fam. Larentiidae.

3. Cryptoloba olivaria^ sp. n.

£ $ . Pale olive-grey ; fore wings with minute brown
costal dots close to each other; a grey transverse nearly
straight band just before the middle, commencing at a brown
mark on the costa ; a similar discal band across both wings,
with a disjointed black line running down its inner side above
the middle on fore wings, the space between this band and
the margin with a darker shade than the rest of the wings
and with indications of a submarginal grey line ; a brown
spot on costa of fore wings before the apex.

Expanse of wings ^ inch.

Shillong.

166 Col. C. Swinhoe on new Eastern Heterocera.

Fam. BoarmiidaB.
4. Dalima gigantea, sp. n.

? . Greyish oclireous ; a straight, broad, dull ochreous-red
band before middle of fore wings ; a black cell-spot ; a thick
medial line across both wings, bent outwardly below costa of
fore wings, and a broad marginal band of the same dull
ochreous-red colour on both wings, with its inner margin on
fore wings bent, corresponding to the angle of the middle
line ; this band is diffused hindwards, and joins the middle
line on fore wings, and includes an ochreous patch at apex,
a small one in the middle near the outer margin, and a large
one near the hinder angle ; in the hind wing it is diffused
inwards, covering half the wing, and includes several ochreous
patches ; all the oclireous portions of both wings are sparsely
covered with black dots. Underside as above, with the bands
and dots darker and more prominent ; the hind wing is pro-
duced into an angle at vein 6, as in D. truncataria, Moore ;
the fore wing has the apex much more acute, and has two
large excavations immediately below it.

Expanse of wings 4T2<j inches.

Jaintia Hills.

I have two perfect females; the pattern and shape of wings
are quite different to those of any species of Dalima known
to me.

Fam. Chalcosiidae.
5. Herpa eupoma} sp. n.

<$ . Black, collar white ; an orange- red spot on each side
of the thorax in front corresponding to the broad orange
costal band of the fore wings, which fines down to a line at
one fourth before apex ; a black band near base from costa
to hinder margin, the orange inside the band nearly red, like
the spots on the shoulders, principal veins pale ; hind wings
also black, bordered with bright red-orange, broadly on the
costa, occupying one third of the wing-space, curving out-
wardly in the middle, the orange colour on the outer margin
confined only to the cilia. Underside as above, all the veins
orange-coloured, and a streak of that colour running down
vein 1 c of the hind wings.

Expanse of wings l^j inch.

Jaintia Hills.

Looks like a Soritia, but has the venation of Herpa, the
origin of. veins 7 and 9 being more separated than usual in
the genus.

Col. C. Swinhoe on new Eastern Ileterocera. 167

Fam. Trifidas.

6. Ancara olivescaria, sp. n.

$ . Head, body, and fore wings bright olive-brown, irro-
rated with black atoms ; transverse bands black, double,
composed of disconnected lunular marks • basal and ante- and
postmedial orbicular and reniform with black rings, the former
within the antemedial band and has a small square black
patch beneath it ; costa with black spots ; a transverse discal
row of white dots ; black marginal points in the interspaces :
hind wings black ; cilia of both wings dull ochreous, with
black patches. Underside pale olive-brown ; fore wings with
the inner parts black ; both wings with black cell-spots and
rather broad black transverse band.

Expanse of wings 2^- inches.

Jaintia Hills.

Fam. AcontiidaB.

7. Eublemma silicula^ sp. n.

$ . Pale pinkish grey ; palpi brownish on the outer sides ;
top of the head white. Fore wings with a white costal line ;
a grey spot at the end of cell ; some reddish-brown spots on
the costa, the largest at apex, with two black dots below it ;
indistinct ante- and postmedial outwardly curved pale lines.
Hind wings with the costal portion whitish ; both wings with
a grey marginal line.

Expanse of wings T70 inch.

Karachi ; Hydrabad, Sind ; Koni, Shan States.

Fam. StictopteridaB.
8. Stictoptera cerea, sp. n.

<5 . Palpi, head, thorax, and fore wings bright chestnut-
brown. Fore wings crossed by five double sinuous lines,
which are here and there marked with white atoms — first at
base, second before the middle, third medial, touching the
inner side of the large ear-shaped reniform, fourth discal
(well marked with white specks), fifth submarginal; four
white dots on costa near apex. Hind wings black, with
prominent white cilia. Underside : both wings uniform dull
black ; fore wings with the white costal dots and some white
dots on the black cilia ; hind wings with cilia pure white as
above.

Expanse of wings 1^ inch.

Gilolo.

Allied to S. anthyalus, Swinh. +

168 Col. C. Swinhoe on new Eastern Heterocera.

Fam. Quadrifidae.

9. Remigia crinigera, sp. n.

6 . Pale fawn-colour ; fore wings with a large brown spot
at the end of cell ; an erect discal brown band, its inner
margin well defined by a dark brown thick line ; the band is
diffuse outwardly and is limited by an indistinct sinuous grey
line halfway between the thick line and the margin ; marginal
black points between the veins. Hind wings with a brown
dot at the end of cell, and a broad brown marginal band and
marginal points. Underside paler, bands and cell-spots as
above ; a row of five or six small spots beyond the middle on
the hind wings, and black marginal points on both wings ;
mid and hind tibiae with very large tufts of long hairs.

Expanse of wings 1^ inch.

Gilolo.

Fam. Focillidae.
10. Mecodina obscurata^ sp. n.

d ? . Of a uniform pale fawn-colour, very similar in shade
to the coloration of a pale Remigia frugalis, Fabr. Fore
wings with a black spot at end of cell ; bands slightly darker
than the ground-colour — one medial below the spot, another
discal from costa near apex to hinder margin near the angle,
both broad and straight ; between these bands, but nearest to
the middle band, is a sinuous line, more or less dentate in
parts : the hind wing is paler than the fore wing, and has
traces of bands and lines similar to those on the fore wing,
and on both wings there are black dots on the margin in the
interspaces between the veins. On the underside the colora-
tion is paler and perfectly uniform ; the fore wing is immacu-
late, but there is a prominent black spot at the end of the
cell of the hind wings ; marginal dots as above.

Expanse of wings 2-i40— 2-fo inches.

Jaintia Hills.

11. Mecodina napa, sp. n.

$ . Of a uniform pale brown colour, tinged with pinkish ;
lines and markings dark brown. Fore wings with a double
sinuous line at the base; double sinuous line before the
middle ; a black dot at end of cell ; a single thick and nearly
straight line beyond the middle nearly touching the inner
edge of the reniform, which is in the figure of 8 ; a thick
similar line from costa near apex to outer margin above the

Col. C. Swinhoe on new Eastern Heterocera. 169

middle ; inside of this is a sinuous line running parallel with
it to the outer margin, then in a dentate form to the hinder
margin near the hinder angle ; between this and the margin
is another similar but indistinct line. Hind wing with an
inner straight thick line ; a thick discal line deeply angled
above the middle towards the margin ; an indistinct dentate
line inside of this, a lunulate line between it and the margin,
and an indistinct lunular marginal line on both wings.
Underside much paler, uniform in colour ; indications of two
discal lines on fore wings and three central lines on hind
wings.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

Singapore.

Allied to M. lanceolata^ Guen.

12. Diomea orsilla, sp. n.

$ . Dark rufous ; fore wings irrorated with black and
white atoms, smeared with white on the costa ; costal line
pale pink, with three white dots near the apex ; ante- and
postmedial whitish transverse lines, both bent inwards on the
costa, where they are thickened ; the former line is outwardly
and the latter inwardly lined with red, and there is a bare
round blackish reniform stigma between them ; an indistinct
sinuous submarginal pale line and very indistinct brown
marginal points. Hind wings with the costal portion paler,
with a central transverse pale line, corresponding to the post-
medial line of the fore wings.

Expanse of wings 1 inch.

Singapore.

Allied to D.fabulariSj Svvinh., from Burma.

13. Zethes lahera} sp. n.

<3 . Both wings and body of a uniform pale rufous colour,
tinged with grey ; fore wings with a broad red band, edged
on both sides with white, near the base, and a very large red
patch at the apex, with a curved inner margin occupying
nearly one fourth of the wing-space j a largish white spot,
smeared with red, inside the patch near the apex ; a black
dot at end of cell, a white spot beyond ; a discal and out-
wardly curved pale line from costa to hinder margin, the
curve taking it inside the apical red patch ; another dentated
line between this and the margin ; a lunular line close to the
margin, the lunules being in the interspaces and having in
them black points. Hind wings with a red patch on the anal

170 Dr. A. Giinther on a new Species of

angle, and with outer pale transverse lines corresponding to
the lines on the fore wings. Underside much paler, uniform
in colour, with a thin discal (on hind wings medial) grey
band across both wings.

Expanse of wings 1^ inch.

Singapore.

There is a specimen from Tenasserim of this insect in the
British Museum unnamed.

Fam. PyralidaB.

14. SisyropJiora cirrah's, sp. n.

d . Palpi upturned, conically scaled ; antenna with the
first joint dilated ; the shaft laminate, excised at base, with
tufts of scales on upperside before and after the excision.
Fore wing with costal fold enclosing a tuft of long hair.
Silvery white ; head, base of collar, shoulders, and anal tuft
black-brown ; fore wing with the costa golden brown, ex-
panding into patches at middle and end of cell, and conjoined
to the discocellular line and patches beyond end of cell, all
these markings being irrorated with metallic scales. Hind
wing with discocellular spot ; both wings with submarginal
series of fuscous strigaB almost conjoined into a line and
dentate inwards on vein 2.

Expanse of wings l^ inch.

South Borneo.

XXI. — Description of a new Species of Dzlm&from Western
Australia. By l)r. A. GiJNTHER.

THE Lizard described here was discovered by H. N. Bailey,
Esq., in the neighbourhood of Cue, a new township which
has sprung up in the middle of the Murchison Gold-Field,
some 200 miles from the coast. It was accompanied by a
specimen of Varanus caudolineatus (Blgr.), which seems to
be restricted to Western Australia, and is probably the
smallest species of the genus.

Delma (Cryptodelma) Baileyi.

This species is allied to the type of the genus, Cryptodelma
nigriceps (Fischer, Wiegm. Arch. 1882, p. 290, Taf. i.
figs. 5-9), from Nicol Bay, but distinguished by a considerably
smaller number of longitudinal series of scales, viz. 22, whilst

Delmafrom Western Australia.

171

the latter species is covered by 26 or 28. In other respects,
especially general habitus and scutellation, the two species
are very similar to each other.

The length of the tail exceeds that of the trunk and head.
The rudimentary hind leg is small and flat, adpressed, and
covered with scales, so as to be not readily distinguished
from its surroundings.

Rostral shield broad and low. Nostril between three
shields, the first labial, nasal, and internasal. The inter-
nasals meet behind the rostral, and form the foremost pair of
the shields with which the snout is covered. The internasal
pair is followed by two pairs of transversely narrow frontals,
which, again, are succeeded by a single shield thrice as wide
as long ; the latter may be regarded as a detached portion
of the vertical. Vertical five-sided, longer than broad, with
the lateral margins parallel. Occipitals symmetrical, narrow,
scarcely longer than vertical.

Two series of small scutes between the vertical and the
eye, which is surrounded by a ring of very small scales.
Loreal and temporal regions covered with scales. Seven
upper labials. The mental is rather large and followed by
two lower labials, none of which meet those of the other side.
Behind the second lower labial two longitudinal series of
small scutes follow.

Body surrounded by 22 longitudinal series of small scales :
the ventral scutes are considerably larger than the adjoining
scales and begin to be differentiated behind the throat ; they
are placed in 89 pairs. Eleven praeanal pores. Vent with a
pair of enlarged scutes ; smaller scutes between them and the
line of pores.

Yellowish olive, with a red network all over the back and
sides ; the meshes of the net enclose yellow spots on the sides.

172 Mr. H. Grose Smith on new

Crown of the head and a broad crescentic band across the
neck black. A pair of red spots separating the collar from
the black crown. A black band descends from the eye to
the infralabials. Lower parts whitish.

Total length 160 millim. Length of tail 90 millim.

This species would belong to Fischer's genus Cryptodelma,
which has been separated from Delma. on account of the
presence of praeanal pores. However, a comparison of the
allied species will show that this technical character leads to
a rather unnatural subdivision of the genus.

XXII. — Descriptions of new Species of Butterflies from the
Pacific Islands. By H. GROSE SMITH, B.A., F.E.S.,
F.Z.S.

Papilio oberon.

$ . Upper side brownish black ; anterior wings crossed
obliquely, at about one third from the apex, by a row of white
spots arranged as in P. cegeus, Don., but the spot between the
lowest subcostal and upper discoidal nervules is quadrate and
not indented externally. Posterior wings with a brownish-
white band of spots divided by the veins as in P. cegeus, but
the inner edge of this band slightly invades the cell as in
P. ormenuSj Guer., and the outer ends are rather more in-
dented and approach nearer the outer margins; above the
anal angle is a large suboval brick-red spot.

Underside. Anterior wings as on the upperside ; the oblique
row of spots is broader and irrorated with grey on the inner
side. Posterior wings with a row of six brick-red lunules
crossing the disk from the submedian nervure to the apex, those
nearest the anal angle the smallest, gradually increasing in
size, the apical spot being the largest of them j another brick-
red spot, larger than the last-named spot, is situate above the
anal angle; inside the row of red spots are two rows of
greyish markings, the outer of which consists of three narrow
bluish-grey hastate lines between the submedian nervules,
above which, divided by the veins, is a row of seven bars of
grey scales, indented outwardly, those on either side of the
uppermost median nervule being the broadest and most
indented, the two bars nearest the apex nearly obsolete.

Expanse of wings 4^ inches.

Hab. Santa Cruz (Woodjord).

Very near P. cegeus, Don.

Butterflies from the Pacific Islands. 173

Stictoplcea melander.

£. Upperside rich dark brown, with purple reflections
over the anterior wings, on which are two small subapical
violet spots (the spot nearest the apex the smaller), and four
others, very minute, between the veins. Posterior wings
with one small submarginal lilac spot below the second sub-
costal nervule, the space above the upper subcostal nervule
to the inner margin pale brown.

Underside. Both wings dark brown, paler towards the outer
margins. Anterior wings with the space above the sub-
median nervure and the costal margin pale brown ; a trian-
gular violet spot near the end of the cell and five others
beyond the cell ; one subapical small spot. Posterior wings
with a violet spot near the end of the cell and eight others
beyond the cell curving round it, the two nearest the inner
margin being linear.

? . Upperside pale brown, darker in the middle, with
purple reflections on the anterior wings, on which is a violet
spot near the end of the cell, and a little beyond it are five
spots, three close together near the costa and the other two
between the discoidal nervules ; a submarginal row of violet
spots, the first, third, and fourth of which are nearly obsolete.
On the posterior wings the costal space becomes nearly white
towards the apex, the outer fourth becomes very much paler
to the margins.

Underside paler than above, becoming nearly white towards
the outer margins, with all the spots larger and more distinct
except the submarginal spots, which are nearly obsolete ; the
brands on the upperside of the male are represented by two
long whitish streaks.

Expanse of wings, $ 2f , $ 2J inches.
Hob. Santa Cruz ( Wood/or d).

Nearest to S. melolo, Doherty ; the wings are compara-
tively shorter and rounder in the male, and the submarginal
row of spots on the anterior wings are much smaller and less
distinct, while the female is quite different.

Asthipa Meeki.

£ . Upperside scarcely differs from A. melusine, Grose
Smith, but the subapical vitreous streaks on the anterior
wings are more elongate than in that species.

On the underside, the wings are browner and on the poste-
rior wings the pale bands do not approach so closely to the
base j the pale streaks below the subcostal nervules are also

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix, 13

1 74 Mr. H. Grose Smith on new

more elongate; the submarginal row of spots of A. melusine
are only represented by four spots near the apex.

It is a larger insect than A. melusine, but very close to it.

Expanse of wings 2 j inches.

Hoi. Fergusson Island (Meek).

Cupha fumosa .

£ . Upperside : both wings fuliginous dark brown, the cells
and basal two thirds of the wings paler fuliginous brown ;
the anterior wings are crossed from the middle median nervule
to the inner margin at one third from the outer margin by
three ill-defined bright brown spots placed under each other
between the veins. Posterior wings crossed beyond the cell
by a similar row of spots, outside which is a row of very
indistinct dark brown spots.

Underside with the basal three fourths paler fuliginous
brown, without any transverse lines or markings ; the outer
fourth is darker purplish brown, the inner side of the outer
fourth is crossed from near the costal to near the inner
margin by a row of orange-brown spots, centred with black
and nearly surrounded by pale violaceous brown ; a pale sub-
marginal dark line crowned by pale violaceous-brown lunules.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

Hob. Kiriwini, Trobriands (Meek).

Doleschallia Comrii, Godm. & Salv.

<£ . Upperside : both wings resemble D. dascylus , Godm. &
Salv., in colour, but the basal third of each wing is darker
chocolate-brown. Anterior wings with a row of spots across
the disk arranged as in D. dascylus -, the spots are eight in
number, the two nearest the costal margin white and small ;
the next four spots are pale blue centred with white, the
fourth spot being larger than the third; the fifth spot is very
large and elongated on the outer and inner sides, the latter
extending as far as the cell; the fifth spot is abbreviated
inwardly, but is wider than the fourth ; the seventh and
eighth spots are much smaller and are situate further from the
margin.

Underside scarcely distinguishable from D. dascylus.

Expanse of wings 8J inches.

Hob. Fergusson Island (Meek).

The presence of both sexes of this species in the same
collection enables me to describe the male of D. Comriij
hitherto, I believe, undescribed. The female specimens in
Mr. Meek's collection agree almost exactly with the figure

Butterflies from the Pacific Islands. 175

of D. Comrii ? in the ' Proceedings of the Zoological
Society,' 1878.

My specimen of D. dascylus $ , Godra. & Salv., does not
agree with their description of that sex, the band on the ante-
rior wings being browner and entirely divided across the
discoidal nervules by an oblique broad black band. If my
female specimen is correctly allocated to D. dascylus, of which
I have little doubt, as it was accompanied by seven or eight
males, it is clear that D. dascylus (which has been confounded
with D. Comrii} is a distinct species, the female of which, as
in my collection, remains to be described.

Hypolimnas palladius.

$ . Upper side : both wings dark velvety brown, anterior
wings crossed halfway between the cell and the apex by a
broad oblique band of five white spots, divided by the black
veins and situate between the subcostal and the lowest median
nervules. Posterior wings with an obscure orange-rufous
patch near the anal angle, in which is placed a black spot
centred with violet ; a submarginal row of other black spots
is faintly visible, centred with minute violet spots.

Underside. Anterior wings crossed by the white band,
wider than on the upperside, and extending between the
median nervules nearly to the outer margin ; between the
lowest median nervule and the submedian nervure is an
obscure dark spot, centred with violet. Posterior wings like
those of H. pandaruSj Linn., but the submarginal row of
whitish lines is almost obsolete, and the inner edge of the
discal tawny band is bordered by an almost white irregular
band, widest in the middle, and the middle black spot in the
tawny band is small and not centred with white.

$ . Upperside paler brown, with the white band on the
anterior wings broader than in the male and extending over
the subcostal nervules towards the base ; a small white spot
towards the apex, and a similar spot below the lowest median
nervule. Posterior wings with the disk crossed by a broad
irregular band of white, narrowing and becoming obsolete
towards the costal margin ; below this band is a row of
black spots centred with white, except the third and fourth
spots, the two spots nearest the anal angle partly surrounded by
dusky tawny, and the next two bordered outwardly by a
whitish space irrorated with black scales; outer margin broadly
dark brown, the inner edge of which is sinuate.

Underside paler than above; towards the apex of the
anterior wings are three white dots, and the spot above the

13*

176 Mr. H. Grose Smith on new

submedian nervure is centred with white. On the posterior
wings the discal row of spots is smaller than in H. pandarus.

Expanse of wings, $ 3|, ? 3f inches.

Hob. Fergusson Island (Meek}.

Nearest to H. pandarus and H. Saundersi, Wall.

Hypolimnas paleutes.

$ . Upperside resembles H. deois, Hew., but on the poste-
rior wings the pale discal patch is more widely suffused by
violaceous, and the outer edge of the patch is less acutely
angulated in the middle ; there is only a faint indication of
the orange-tawny patch at the anal angle, and there is a
distinct submarginal row of spots centred, except the fourth,
with violet.

Underside darker than in H. deois ; the anterior wings are
without the pale space in the middle of the costal margin,
and, instead of two indistinct pale lines parallel with the
outer margin, there is only an indication of one line close to
the margin. The posterior wings are dusky brown, except a
narrow pale space inside the discal row of spots, which are
six in number, centred with violaceous, more conspicuously
than in H. deoisj in which the black spots are centred with
white dots ; the two spots nearest the anal angle are partly
surrounded by dusky tawny ; only the spot above the upper
median nervule is obsolete, and the row of pale lines near the
outer margin of H. deois is absent.

? . Upperside dusky brown ; a very indistinct, almost
invisible, oblique paler band crosses the wings beyond the
cell ; a white streak at the middle of the costa and a sub-
marginal row of white dots across the disk between the veins,
except on either side of the upper median nervule. On the
posterior wings is a curved row of black spots across the
disk, centred with white, of which the second and sixth are
the largest and the fourth the smallest ; inside the row of
spots between it and the cell is 'a slight irroration of white
scales.

Underside as above, but paler. On the posterior wings
the discal row of spots, in which the central spots are much
larger, is bordered on either side by a paler dusky space, and
the dark outer marginal band is divided by a pale brown
sinuate line, divided by the dark veins.

Expanse of wings, $ 3£, ? 3| inches.

Hal. Kiriwini, Trobriands (Meek).

Butterflies from the Pacific Islands. 177

Parthenos thesaurinus.

c? . Upperside bright brown, less olivaceous than P. the-
saurus, Mathew. Anterior wings : the apical portion nearly
black, the brown streaks and markings becoming nearly
obsolete ; the submarginal brown bands are much narrower
and the discal transverse band of spots is much whiter than
in that species. On the posterior wings the three basal dark
bands are narrower, the space between them being wider and
the lunules in the submarginal band more conical in shape.

Underside browner than in P. thesaurus, especially on the
posterior wings, in which the oblique band of obscure dusky
bars which crosses the disk is brown instead of black, as in
M. thesaurus, and the pale spaces on either side of the row of
dark streaks below the band are less bluish grey and more
tinged with brown.

Expanse of wings 2| inches.

Hab. Santa Cruz (Woodford).

This butterfly is considerably smaller than P. thesaurus,
being nearly the same size as P. aspila, Honr.

Tenaris melanops.

$ . Upperside white ; anterior wings with the lower third
from the lowest median nervule, and thence across the cell to
the costal margin, and the costal margin broadly to the
apex fuliginous grey ; the veins, except where crossed by
the grey colour, are white. Posterior wings with the costal
margin to the apex broadly grey, thence along the outer
margin more narrowly grey, until that colour merges in the
white lower part of the wings ; on the disk, between the
median nervules and a little on either side, is a very large
diffused fuliginous greyish-black spot, in which, a little above
its centre, is situate a large cluster of lavender-coloured scales ;
at the lower end of this cluster is a pure white spot, and near
the outer edge of the black spot is another small lavender
spot ; near the apex is another small lavender spot surrounded
by black. Towards the base the wings are clothed with long
yellowish-brown hairs.

Underside. Anterior wings as on the upperside ; posterior
wings with two large fuliginous brown ocelli, one of which is
situate on the margin near the apex and the other on the
disk extending over the submedian nervules ; both ocelli are
centred by a white spot partially surrounded by a cluster of
lavender-coloured scales, situate in a circular black zone;
outside the zone is an indistinct fuscous ring, outside which,

178 Mr. H. Grose Smith on new

still in the fuliginous brown area, is a minute white spot on
each ocellus.

Expanse of wings 4 inches.

I lab. Sud Est, New Guinea (Woodford}.

Nearest to T. affinis, Kir by.

Elymnias melanthes.

6 . Upperside dark fuliginous brown, slightly paler towards
the apex of the anterior and the basal third of the posterior
wings ; on the anterior wings is a curved streak of fuliginous
dark blue, slightly metallic, commencing on the costa a little
above the end of the cell, but not extending to the apex or
outer margin, and gradually fading towards the outer angle.
The posterior wings are tinged with the same colour in the
apical region, and there are two black spots centred with the
same colour on the disk towards the anal angle ; one of
these spots is situate between the two lowest submedian
nervules and is larger than the other spot, which is situate on
the other side of that vein.

Underside dusky brown; anterior wings rather densely
irrorated with pale scales beyond the cell and in the apical
area, the posterior wings being also sparsely dusted with
similar scales. Posterior wings with a large, irregular, oblong
ovate, fulvous patch extending from a little beyond the
middle submedian nervule to near the anal angle ; in the
patch are situate two large black spots, centred with blue
spots, which are double in the lower spot ; the fulvous patch
is more oblique than in M. agondas, Boisd., and other allied
species. Abdomen fulvous.

$ . Both wings white ; anterior wings with costal margin
broadly dusky brown, becoming broader at the apex, thence
narrowing along the outer margin, and ceasing below the
upper median nervule ; inside the dusky brown apical area is
a faint indication in certain lights of the blue metallic colora-
tion of the male. Posterior wings with the costal and apical
margins broadly dusky brown, which extends partly round
the outer margin and becomes dusted with white scales
towards the anal angle ; there are two large diffused dusky
spots towards the anal angle, much larger than in the male
and centred with large blue spots, those in the lower spot
being double ; on the disk towards the apex is an indistinct
streak of slightly metallic blue, corresponding with the like
coloration of the male.

Underside white, with similar dusky brown marginal bands
and veins of that colour ; on the posterior wings the dusky

Butterflies from the Pacific Islands. 179

brown spots are represented by a large oblong ovate fulvous
patch, in which are situate two black spots centred with blue
as in the male.

Expanse of wings 3§ inches.

Hob. Wood! ark Island (Meek).

Nearest to E. agondas, Boisd., and E. glaucopis, Stgr.

Lampides epilectus.

c? . Upperside resembles L. eclectus, Grose Smith, but on
the anterior wings the apex is more broadly greyish black,
and on the posterior wings the blue area is more restricted.

Underside : scarcely differs from L. eclectus, but on both
wings the outer marginal dark area is narrower, the central
white area being correspondingly broader.

? . Upperside : anterior wings differ from that sex of
L. edectus in having the basal blue area more vivid and
extended, and the outer marginal dark area is narrower than
in L. eclectics, and more broadly margined interiorly with
blue.

Underside. The outer marginal dark area of the anterior
wings is much narrower ; on the posterior wings the inner
row of obscure black markings which crosses the disk is
situate further apart from the outer row and from the metallic
blue lunules which crown the latter.

Expanse of wings If inch.

Hah. Fergusson Island (Meek}.

Holocliila lamia.

d . Upperside resembles PI. absimilis, Feld., but slightly
more violaceous ; the cilia of the posterior wings are crossed
with black at the ends of the veins.

Underside greyish silvery white, with the base of the wings
pale greenish blue, which on the posterior wings extends over
the basal fourth. Anterior wings with a grey line at the
end of the cell and three dark grey lines across the disk, the
outermost being on the margin and the two inner ones being
sinuate, with the spaces between rather paler than the rest of
the wings ; in the interspaces between the veins near the
outer margin is a row of hastate dark grey markings. The
posterior wings are likewise crossed by three dark grey lines,
with the interspaces paler than the basal portion of the wings ;
the outer line on the margin very narrow, the middle line
very deeply indented inwardly, and the third line very
sinuate; between the two outer lines is a row of spots re-
sembling an inverted T; there is a fourth irregular line

H. LANGE

ISO Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

crossing the wings a little beyond the cell and curving round
it ; two spots ana a streak in the cell ; one spot above and
three spots below the cell nearer the base.

Expanse of wings 1J inch.

Hob. Fergusson Island (Meek).

Nearest to H. absimil-is; on the underside it is quite
distinct from that species.

XXIII. — On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan,
and Corea. By JOHN HENRY LEECH, B.A., F.L.S.,
F.Z.S., &c.»

[Plates VI. & VIL]

THE following paper deals with species of Heterocera be-
ring to the families Epicopiidse, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae,
Geomerridae. As, however, there are about nine hundred
species in the latter family recorded from the region under
consideration, it seemed advisable to divide the paper into
two parts. In the present instalment, therefore, only the
Boarmiinae subfamily of Geometridae is referred to.

The arrangement of the list is based on the system of
classification adopted by Sir George Hampson, Bart., in his
work on Indian Heterocera (< Fauna of British India,' Moths,
iii.), but in some instances Mr. Meyrick's revision of the
Geometrina of the European fauna (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.
1892, pp. 53-140) has been followed.

Over one hundred and fifty of the species here enumerated
have not, so far as I am aware, been previously described.

Family Epicopiidae.

Genus EPICOPIA.
(Westw. Are. EnL L p. 17 (1845).)

Epicopia menda.

Epicopdamatcia, Moore, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 578, pi. Ixvii.

%.&

I received specimens from Chang-yang, Kiukiaug, Omei-
shan, and Moupin, taken in June and July.
Bab. Central, Eastern, and Western China.

* fWe are indebted to the Author fyt the two Plates and also for
largely towards the cost of ~ne extra sheets of letterpress.]

from China, Japan, and Corea. 181

Epicopia Hainesii.

Epicopeia Hatnem, HolL Trans. Amer. Ent Soc. xri. p. 72 (Jan. 1880).
AiaMMM«DM^M^I4ee(^Ptoe.ZooL8oe.Loiid.l888.

fig. 1 (April 1889).

There were specimens from Oiwake and Hakone in Fryer's
collection. My native collector captured examples at Hako-
date in June and July, and I have received the species from
Ichang.

Var. sinicaria.

Differs from the type in being fawn-coloured and in the
absence of first crimson marginal spot on secondaries.

Five female specimens from Ichang, taken in June.

Distribution. Japan ; Central China.

Var. sinicaria appears to mimic the pale female form of
PapiLio mencius.

Epicopia phUenora.

, Westw. Are. But L p. 19, pL v.%. 2 (1843).

go, Moore, Proc. ZooL Soc. Loud. 1865, p. 799.

Epicopia ptfaura, Hampaon, Fauna Brit. Ind^ Moths, in. p. 109
(1895).

One female specimen of the varuncea form from Moupin,
taken in July.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Assam (Hampson) ; Western China.

Family Uraniid».

Genus ACROPTERIS.
(HiLbn., Hampaon, Fauna Brit Ind., Moths, in. p. 114 (1895).)

Acropteris iphiata.

Micronia tpftutfo, Guen. PhaL iL p. 29 (1857).

Microma poittiata, Guen. /. c.

Acropteri* iptoata, Hampaon, Fauna Rit. Ind., Moths, iiL p. 116 (1895),

There were specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collec-
tion; I met with the species at Nagasaki, Fushiki, and
Gensan in July, and have received it from Kiukiang, Ichang,
Chang-yang, and the province of Kwei-chow.

Distribution. Himalayas ; Kh4sis 9 Burma (Hampson) ;
Japan ; Eastern, Central, and Western China,

182 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus PSEUDOMICRONIA.
(Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 461 (1887).)

Pseudomicronia archills.

Micronia archilis, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xv. p. 23, pi. iii. fig. 33

(1891).
Pseudomicronia archilis (soror), Alph. Rom. sur Le"p. vi. p. 63, pi. iii.

fig. 1, $ (1892).

This species, which was discovered by Mons. Biet at Ta-
chien-lu, was obtained by my collectors in most of the localities
they visited in Western China. Alpheraky records it from
the province of Kan-Sou, July.

In one form, which so far has been received only from
Moupin, the ground-colour and that of all the markings is
suffused with brownish.

Hob. Western China.

Genus MICRONIA.

(Guerre, Phal. ii. p. 22 (1857).)

Micronia aculeata.

Micronia aculeata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 26, pi. xiii. fig. 8 (1857) ; Hamp-

son, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 117 (1895).
Micronia gannata, Guen. I. c.

One specimen was received from Huang-mu-chang, where
it was taken in July, and I captured one example at Foochau
in April.

Distribution. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; An-
damans ; Java; Borneo; Formosa (Hampsori] j Wester?
China ; Foochau.

Genus AUZEA.

(Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xxv. p. 1487 (1862).)
Auzea obliquaria, sp. n.

Pale brownish grey, tinged with violaceous. Primaries
have a fine oblique brown line, angled below costa, before the
middle, and a broad oblique olivaceous-brown line from apex
to about the middle of the abdominal margin of secondaries ;
there is a whitish patch sparingly irrorated with fuscous on
the costa before apex; this is preceded by an olivaceous-
brown cloud, and has a small spot of the same colour on its outer
edge. Under surface orange freckled with fuscous : primaries
are suffused with purplish grey on the disk, and have a
yellowish patch on costa towards apex 5 a pale oblique line

from China, Japan , and Corea. 183

edged inwardly with blackish from apex : secondaries have
two purplish-grey transverse lines.

Expanse 44 millim.

Two female specimens from Chang-yang, June and July.

Hob. Central China.

Family Epiplemidse.

Genus DECETIA.
(Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 232 (I860).)

Decetia numicusaria.

Decetia numicusaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 95 ; Hampson,
Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 122 (1895).

I received a specimen from Moupin and one from Omei-
shan ; both were taken in July.

Distribution. Sylhet (Hampson) ; Western China.

Decetia molacearia, sp. n.

Violet-grey, suffused with brown on the costa and also on
the outer marginal area beyond the darker brown oblique line
which runs from near apex of primaries to middle of abdominal
margin of secondaries ; this line is inwardly edged with pale
violet ; a blackish discal dot on each wing : the primaries
have indications of a wavy dusky line before the middle ;
fringes brown. Under surface similar to above, but the
portion within the oblique line is paler on all the wings.

Expanse 36 millim.

One female specimen from Omei-shan, July.

Hab. Western China.

Decetia argentilineariat sp. n.

Olivaceous brown. Primaries have an oblique silvery-grey
line, angulated below costa and slightly elbowed inwards
above the inner margin • between this line and the base of
the wing there are two or three finer wavy and angulated
lines ; outer marginal area golden brown, with an upright
dark brown bar on inner margin : secondaries have two silvery-
grey transverse lines on central area and three wavy diffuse
lines of the same colour on the outer marginal area, the outer-
most being on the margin itself. Under surface olivaceous
grey ; apical third of primaries pale golden, and there is a
tinge of the same colour on the outer margin of secondaries.
Antennae pectinated.

Expanse 33 millim.

184 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Two male specimens taken by my native collector at Hako-
date in June or July.
Hob. Yesso.

Decetia lilacinaria^ sp. n.

Fuscous brown. Primaries speckled with lilacine atoms
and suffused with golden brown on outer marginal area ;
there are two faint lilacine transverse lines, the outer one
angled below costa, continued across the secondaries to middle
of the margin, where it terminates in a patch of golden brown,
and is outwardly bordered with the same colour ; discal spot
black. All the wings have indications near the inner margin
of a dark submarginal band ; fringes brown, tipped with
greyish and preceded by an interrupted lilacine line. Under
surface pale brown, darker towards outer margin ; each wing
has a dusky double transverse line and a black discal spot ;
the costa of primaries is edged with pale ochreous, especially
towards apex, and there is a large golden-brown patch on
outer margin of these wings ; the apex of primaries is much
produced.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen from the summit of Omei-shan, taken
in July.

Hob. Western China.

Genus PARADECETIA.

(Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1894, p. 164.)

Paradecetia albistellaria.
Decetia albistellana, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1522 (1862).

Two male specimens from Ta-chien-lu and two examples
of each sex from Chang-yang.

Distribution. Khasis ; E. Pegu; Sha*n States (Hampsori) ;
Central and Western China.

Genus EPIPLEMA.
(Herr.-Schaffer; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 125 (1895).)

Epijplema moza.

Erosia moza, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 402 (1878) ; 111.
Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 42, pi. li. fig. 7 (1879).

The specimens in Pryer's collection were from Yokohama.
I took the species at Nagasaki in May and Gensan in July,
and have received it from Chang-yang and Omei-shan, July.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Central and Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 185

Epiplema morataria, sp. n.

Allied to E. moza, Butl., with which it agrees very nearly
in marking, but differs very greatly from that species in the
contour of the wings. The angle at middle of outer margin
of primaries is more pronounced, and there is a very con-
spicuous lobe at inner angle ; both tails of secondaries are
longer and thicker.

The transverse lines of primaries are more decidedly
angled, especially the first one, and the dark spot on inner
margin is almost square and hardly extends beyond the
second line. On the secondaries the second transverse line is
bordered inwardly with dusky and edged outwardly by a pale
reddish-brown line ; it is obtusely angled. There is a dusky
submarginal line. Under surface fuscous grey, irrorated with
brown.

Expanse 34 millim.

One female specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Epiplema cretacea.
Erosia cretacea, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 414.

There was a male specimen in Fryer's collection and I took
a female example at Shimonoseki in July. Butler's type was
from Tokio.

Hob. Japan.

Epiplema styx.
Erosia styx, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 416.

Specimens from Oiwake and Fujisan in Fryer's collection.
Types from Yokohama.
Hab. Japan.

Epiplema himala.

Erosia himala, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vi. p. 221 (1880) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 47, pi. cxii. fig. 9 (1886) ; Alph. Rom. sur

Lep. vi. p. 52 (1892).

Epiplema himala, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 131 (1895).
Erosia auroguttata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 311, pi. vi. tig. 11.

Several specimens were received from Chang-yang and
also from various localities in Western China, July and
August.

Alphe'raky records the species from the province of
Szechuen (taken in August) and Foujade from Moupin.

Distribution. JSikhim ; Khdsis (Hampson)- Central and
Western China.

186 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Epiplema schidacina.
Erosia schidacina, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 415.

Specimens in Fryer's collection from Oiwake. I met with
the species at Hakodate in August, and I have received
examples from Omei-shan, Chia-ting-fu, Ta-chien-lu, and
Pu-tsu-fong, taken in June and July.

Distribution. Japan; Yesso ; Western China.

Epiplema instabilata.

Erosia instabilata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het., Suppl. xxxv. p. 1646 (1866).
Dirades conchiferata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 403, pi. clxxxvi. fig. 11

(1887).
Epiplema instabilata. Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 131

(1895).

Three specimens taken at Ningpo by a native collector in
July. Two examples were received from Ichang, taken in
June and July.

One specimen from Ningpo has the fore wings entirely
whitish, with a small black discal spot.

Distribution. India ; Ceylon ; Solomon Islands ; China.

Epiplema plagifera.
Erosia plagif era, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 414.

There were specimens from Yokohama and Gifu in Fryer's
collection. I took the species at Foochau in April and in
Satsuma in May.

Distribution. Japan ; Eastern China.

Epiplema bicaudata.

Erosia bicaudata. Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 643, pi. xxxiii.
fig. 12.

One specimen taken by my native collector at Ningpo in
June. I received two specimens from Ichang, one from Wa-
ssti-kow, and several from Omei-shan and Moupin, taken in
June and July.

Distribution. Dharmsdla ; Sikhim ; Kha*sis (Hampson) ;
North, Central, and Western China.

Epiplema nubifasciaria, sp. n.

Creamy white, slightly suffused with blackish on basal
two thirds. Primaries have a black-edged brown band
beyond the middle, and this is followed by a large irregular
blackish-grey cloud, which occupies all but the apical portion

from China, Japan, and Corea. 187

of the outer marginal area and has a slightly curved black bar
on its external edge : secondaries have the basal area marked
with blackish ; central band and cloud beyond similar to those
on primaries ; discal spot elongate, black. Under surface
white ; primaries have a large blackish patch on basal half,
but this does not extend to inner margin ; a narrow blackish
band just beyond the middle of the wing, separated from a
broader band of the same colour by a narrow space of the
ground-colour ; secondaries have a blackish discal mark and
small blackish spots on basal area, and some large ones and
a cloud on outer marginal area.

Expanse 20 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, August.

Hob. Central China.

Closely allied to E. bicaudata, Walk.

Epiplema rapha.

Erosia rapha, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 403 (1878) ; 111.
Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 42, pi. li. fig. 5 (1879).

Several specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection. I
obtained one example at Hakodate in July.
Hdb. Japan and Yesso.

Genus GATHYNIA.

(Walk. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 134 (1895).)
Gathynia fasciariaj sp. n.

Primaries brownish, with a darker central fascia, which is
indented on its inner edge and bordered with ochreous :
secondaries rather darker than primaries, with a dark brown
dot on abdominal area towards the base, and a dark brown
central transverse line outwardly edged with ochreous ; fringes
dark grey. Under surface fuliginous grey.

Expanse 18 millim.

One female specimen from Gensan, July.

Hab. Corea.

Genus ATOSSA.

(Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 577.)
Atossa nelcinna.

Atossa nelcinna, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 577, pi. Ixvii.

fig. 7 ; Elwes, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 381, pi. xxxiv. %. 1, rf .
Atossa nelcynna, var. chinensis, Leech, Entom. xxiii. p. 83 (1890).

I have a male specimen of this species from Wa-shan, a

188 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

female from Chang-yang, and two females from Omei-shan,
May, June, and July.

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas (Hampson) ; Central and
Western China.

Atossa Leechi.
Atossa Leechii, Elwes, Proc.Zool. Soc. Lond. 1890, p. 381.

A male specimen was received from Huang-mu-chang,
one from Omei-shan, another and also a female from Moupin,
June and July.

JJab. Western China.

Both these species of Atossa exhibit considerable resem-
blance to Delias patrua, Leech, a butterfly occurring in the
same localities.

The characters given by Mr. Elwes as separating this
species from A. nelcinna appear to be constant.

Genus (OBERTHURIA,)IIOV.

Palpi porrect, hairy, extending beyond head. Antennae
fasciculate. Primaries with vein 5 from just above the
middle of discocellulars, 6 and 7 stalked, as also are 8, 9, and
10. Secondaries with two internal veins and 5 from just
above the middle of discocellulars. Outer margin of all the
wings rounded ; costa of primaries arched at the base.

Type 0. Davidi.

Oberthiiria Davidi.

Abraxas Davidi, Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, p. ccxxix ; Etud.
d'Entom. xi. p. 33, pi. iii. fig. 16 (1886).

Five male specimens from Moupin and one from Chia-
ting-fu, July.

Hub. Western China.

Oberthiiria flavomarginaria, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 7.)

Closely allied to A. Davidi , but differing from that species
in having much broader and richer yellow borders to all the
wings ; these borders are traversed by a series of black spots
and are inwardly limited by narrower black bands, the black
marginal spots are rounder and exhibit less tendency to con-
fluence ; the costal area is more deeply yellow and more
finely speckled with black j on the secondaries there is no
black transverse bar at end of discal cell and the abdominal
margin is not suffused with blackish ; the body is yellower.

Expanse 50-58 millirn.

Three male specimens from Wa-shan, June.

Hob. Western China.

from China, Japan} and Corea. 189

Oberthilria nigromacularia, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 6.)

White ; the costa and outer margin of primaries are broadly
yellow, the former dotted with black, the latter traversed by
two series of black spots and bordered inwardly by a third
series ; there is an interrupted macular central band, and from
this to the inner margin there is a series of five black spots
bordering the yellow costal stripe : secondaries are black at
the extreme base of the wing, and have large black spots
placed as follows : — two confluent about the centre of the
wing, a longitudinal series above them, and three contiguous
rows on the outer marginal area ; the ground between some
of these latter is tinged with yellowish. Fringes of primaries
black, marked with yellow towards inner angle; of second-
aries white. Under surface as above, but the rows of spots
on outer marginal area of secondaries are smaller and more
distinctly separated. Body yellow, marked with black.

Expanse 50 millim.

Two male specimens from Chang-yang, July.

Hab. Central China.

The black discal markings, absence of yellow border to
secondaries and of black on the neuration at once separate
this species from either A. Davidi or A. fiavomarginaria.

Genus PSYCHOSTROPHIA.
(Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 401 (1877).)

Psychostrophia melanargia.

Psychostrophia melanargia, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 401
(1877) ; 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 9, pi. xxiii. fig. 7 (1878) ; Leech,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 612.

There were specimens in Pryer's collection from Nikko and
Fujisan. I obtained the species at Tsuruga in July.
Hob. Japan.

Psychostrophia nymphidiaria.

Abraxas nymphidiaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 34, pi. ii.
fig. 28 (1893).

Not uncommon at Chang-yang ; Ichang ; Moupin ; Wa-
shan, Ta-chien-lu, and Chia-kou-ho. June and July.
Hab. Central and Western China.

Psychostrophia picaria, sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 11.)

Male. — Primaries black, with a broad oblique central fascia
extending from inner margin to outer extremity of discal cell,
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 14

190 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

indented on its upper edge and represented on apical area by
an oval spot ; below the latter there is a submarginal series of
four round spots, also white : secondaries white, with a black
central band and a black border on outer margin. Fringes
black, marked with white below apex of primaries and just
above the middle of secondaries. Under surface as above,
but the costa is streaked with yellowish.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the white markings of
primaries are wider and the black one of secondaries is
narrower.

Expanse, <J 33-43, $ 45-47 millim.

A long series from Chang-yang and one female specimen
from Ichang, June.

Hob. Central China.

The white band on primaries and the black on secondaries
are variable in width.

Family Geoxnetridse.

Subfamily BOAEMIINM.
(Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 139 (1895).)

Genus URAPTERYX.

(Leech ; Hampson, op. cit. p. 144.)

Urapteryx sambucaria.

Phal. Geometra sambucaria, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 519.

Urapteryx persica, Me"n. Cat. Mus. Pet. p. 267 (1832).

p Urapteryx nivea, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. p. 199 (1893).

I took specimens of the var. persica in Satsuma in May
and at Nagasaki in June. This form is whiter than the
type, but it can hardly be called smaller. One of the Satsuma
examples expands 68 millim. I did not meet with the species
in any other part of Japan, and there were no specimens in
Fryer's collection. My native collector obtained the species
in the island of Kiushiu.

I received specimens of the type form and also of var. persica
from Pu-tsu-fong and Omei-shan, but the variety only was
obtained in the province of Kwei-chow. The typical speci-
mens from China are rather more striated than is the case in
European examples.

Distribution. Europe; Armenia; Amur ; Japan ; Western
China.

Urapteryx latimarginaria^ sp. n.
White ; the markings on primaries are somewhat similar

from Chinaj Japan, and Corea. 191

to those of U. costistrigaria, but the bands, which are fuligi-
nous grey in colour, are narrower, and there are fewer streaks
on the costa, and these are confined to the basal area with
the exception of a streak between the first transverse band
and the short central band ; on the outer area of the wing
there is a fuliginous grey band, which is very broad towards
apex, but tapers slightly to the first median nervule, whence
it is continued in slender streaks to inner angle : on the
secondaries the transverse band is also narrower and the cloud
on outer area is greyish and suffused with paleochreous. Above
the tail, which is rather broader and more obtusely produced,
there is a large reddish spot, and below it another spot of the
same colour ; both are ringed with black, and there is an
elongated black spot nearer the anal angle. Under surface :
markings of upperside reproduced, but the central bands are
fainter and narrower and that on outer area much darker;
the secondaries have some dark grey shading along outer
margin.

Expanse 68 millim.

One male example from Omei-shan, June.

Hah. Western China.

Urapteryx costistrigaria} sp. n.

White ; primaries traversed by two rather broad oblique
brownish bands, becoming blackish towards costa; a shorter
and narrower band between them, commencing in a darker
spot on costa and terminating in first median interspace;
basal area of costa streaked with dark brown j these streaks
are short near the base, but the outermost extend almost to
submedian nervure ; the outer third is heavily striated and
clouded with fuliginous ; the costa between the broad bands is
also streaked with brownish; fringes brown from apex to just
above termination of submedian nervure, and thence white,
except where interrupted by continuation of the broad trans-
verse bands : secondaries traversed by an oblique brownish
band from fork of subcostal nervure to a large cloud of the
same colour on outer area ; the abdominal area of the wing
is clothed, except towards anal angle, with long silky hairs
of a creamy colour ; above the tail, which is obtusely pro-
duced, there is a reddish spot ringed with black, and below it
there is an elongated blackish mark ; fringes fulvous brown,
except at costal and anal angles. Head snowy white ; face
brown ; collar creamy. Under surface white, discal markings
on upper surface of primaries faintly reproduced ; outer area
broadly fuliginous as far as submedian nervure : the second-

14*

192 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

aries are without markings, except on the anal half of
outer area in one specimen, where there are some fuliginous
streaks and shading.

Expanse 68 millim.

Two male specimens from Omei-shan, taken in June.

Hob. Western China.

Urapteryx ebuleata.

Urapteryx ebuleata, Guen. Phal. i. p. 32 (1857); Hampson, Fauna
Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 145 (1895).

Occurs in July at Pu-tsu-fong, Omei-shan, Kia-ting-fu,
and Wa-shan ; also at Chang-yang, in June and July.

The specimens, among which are examples of the larger
multistrigaria form, appear to differ chiefly from U. sambu-
caria, var. persica, in being more heavily striated, and may
possibly be only extreme forms of that variety.

Hampson (Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 145) considers
kantalaria, Feld., mulHstrigcaria. Walk., and Yerburii, Butl.,
to be synonymous with U. ebuleata. Alphe*raky (Rom. sur
Le*p. vi. p. 52) notes one female specimen of U. Yerburii from
the province of Szechuen, taken in August.

Distribution. Central and Western China ; mountains of
Northern India.

Urapteryx similaria, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 3.)

In size and general appearance closely resembles E. maculi-
caudarittj Motsch , but the antenna of the male are not pecti-
nated, and in both sexes the line on secondaries is straight
and the tails rather more prolonged and ornamented with a
red and a black spot, the black one being the smaller. In the
female the central band on secondaries is interrupted, its
lower extremity being represented by a spot.

Expanse, £ 50, ? 47 millim.

Two specimens, a male from Omei-shan and a female from
Chang-yang, July.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Urapteryx sulpunctaria. (PL VI. fig. 2.)

Urapteryx subpunctaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 42 (May 1891).
Tristrophis obtusicauda, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 399 (1894).

Two specimens from Oiwake in Pryer's collection.

Superficially resembles E. maculicaudaria^ Motsch., but
the antennse of the male are not pectinated and the arrange-
ment of the lines above and the spot on the secondaries
beneath are dissimilar.

Hob. Japan.

from China,) Japan, and Gjrea. 193

Urapteryx kernaria.

Urapteryx kernaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Eatom. xviii. p. 23. pi. ii. fig. 20
(Nov. 1893).

This species was discovered in Western China at Tse-kou
by R. P. Dubernard ; my collectors did not meet with it.

Genus EUCTENURA.PTERYX.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 399 (1894).)

Euctenurapteryx maculicaudaria.

Accena maculicaudaria, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1866, i. p. 196.
Euctenurapteryx maculicaudaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 399 (1894).
Urapteryx luteiceps, Feld. Reis. Nov., Lep. v. pi. cxxii. fig. 2 (1875).

A series from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's collec-
tion. I took specimens at Tsuruga in July and at Hakodate
in August.

Among the specimens in Fryer's collection is a remarkable
female aberration from Yokohama, in which the usual white
colour is replaced by pale greyish brown ; the transverse lines
are, in consequence of the ground-colour, indistinct, but they
are more ferruginous in colour, as also are the fringes and
the spots at angle of the secondaries.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Eastern China.

Euctenurapteryx parallelaria.
Urapteryx parattelaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 5 (Jan. 1891).

I have one female specimen which was taken by a native
collector at Chang-yang.
Hob. Central China.

Euctenurapteryx nigrociliaria.

Urapteryx nigrociliaris, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 5 (Jan. 1891).

Appears to be not uncommon at Huang-mu-chang, in July.
It also occurs at Omei-shan and in the province of Kwei-
chow in June.

Hob. Western China.

Genus THINOPTERYX.

(Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. p. 202 (1883).)
Thinopteryx crocoptera.

Urapteryx crocoptera, Koll. Hiig. Kasch. iv. p. 483 (1848).
Thinopteryx striolata, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. p. 202 (1883).
Thinopteryx crocoptera, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 148
(1895).

194 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

I obtained this species at Nagasaki and in Satsuma in May,
at Gensan in July, and I have received specimens from
various localities in Central and Western China. There
were some examples from Kintokisan and Nikko in Fryer's
collection.

It is very variable, and I have intergrades between the
typical form and striolata, Butl. One specimen has three
purple-brown spots on primaries, and a patch of the same
colour on secondaries ; there is a similar specimen in the
series of T. crocoptera from Dharrnsala in the National Col-
lection at South Kensington.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; North, Central, and Western
China ; North India.

Thinopteryx pr^cetoraria.

Urapteryx preetoraria, Feld. Reise Nov., Lep. v. pi. cxxii. fig. 13
(1875).

One female example taken at Omei-shan, Western China,
in July.

This specimen seems very distinct from T. crocoptera) Koll.
Distribution. Sylhet, Western China.

Thinopteryx delectans.

Urapteryx delectans, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 45, pi. xxxv. fig. 2
(1878).

Several specimens from Fujisan, Ohoyama, and Nikko in
Pryer's collection. I have examples from Ichang, Chang-
yang, Wa-shan, Omei-shan, and the Provinces of Kwei-chow,
taken in June and July.

The yellow marking in this species is subject to variation ;
in typical specimens the wings are thickly sprinkled with
yellow, whilst in other examples the yellow is confined to
the median area and outer margin.

Distribution. Japan ; North, Central, and Western China.

Genus SlRINOPTERYX.

(Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. p. 201 (1883).)
Sirinopteryx rufivinctata.

Urapteryx ntfivinctata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1747 (1862).
Sirinopteryx rufivinctata. Hampson. Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p 147
(1895).

Several specimens from Moupin, and one example from
Chang-yang, July.

Distribution. Northern India ; Central and Western China.

from China j Japan , and Corea. 195

Genus TRISTROPHIS.
(Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p. 199 (1883).)

Tristrophis veneris.

Urapteryx veneris, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 392 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 29, pi. xlviii. fig. 1 (1879).

A fine series from Yokohama and Nikko in Fryer's col-
lection.

The transverse bands of primaries vary in width and the
black spots on disk of secondaries are inconstant both as
regards size and number.

Hob. Japan.

Genus MYRTETA.
(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 831 (1861).)

Myrteta sinensaria, sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 13.)

Near to M. planaria, Walk., but rather whiter in the
ground-colour ; outer third of primaries more heavily suffused
and the three transverse lines approach nearer to each other
toward inner angle; the three blackish spots towards anal
angle of M. planaria are in M. sinensaria replaced by a
sinuate black line, and the two submarginal spots are repre-
sented by a blotch.

Expanse 46 millim.

One male example from Moupin, July.

Hal. Western China.

Myrteta angelica.
Myrteta angelica, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 413.

Two specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
I captured the species at Oiwake in October.
Hab. Japan.

Myrteta tripunctaria, sp. n.

Very near to M. angelica, Butl., but whiter, and the three
transverse lines of primaries are narrower and more oblique ;
on the outer edge of the yellow patch at anal angle of second-
aries there are three black spots, the middle one the largest,
and a short indented black line on its inner edge. On the
under surface the neuration is dark coloured ; the outer mar-
ginal area of primaries is broadly blackish, preceded by a
blackish line, and the basal area is suffused with the same
colour ; above the three blackish spots on outer margin of
secondaries there is a blackish patch ; submarginal line

196 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

blackish, indented above anal angle. Except at anal angle
the line at base of the fringes of secondaries is blackish
instead of light brown, as in M. angelica, and the antennae
are more broadly pectinated than in that species.

Expanse 44 millim.

One male specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Myrteta sericea.

Orthocaberct sericea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iy. p. 439 (1879).
Orthocabera brunneiceps, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 387,

pi. xxxi. fig. 23.
Myrteta sericea, Hampson, Farina Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 152 (1895).

Four specimens from Nikko in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Sikhim; Kha*sis (Hampson)] Japan.

Myrteta unio.

Acidalia unio, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 50, pi. ix. fig. 12 (1880).
Cabera magna, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 416.

One female specimen in Fryer's collection and I received
one example of the same sex from Mr. Manley of Yokohama.
Distribution. Askold; Japan.

Myrteta argentaria, sp. n.

Silvery white. Primaries have a blackish discal spot and
are traversed by three dusky bands, the first of which is
rather more oblique than the others ; submarginal line dusky,
parallel with outer margin except towards inner margin,
where it terminates close to the inner angle ; marginal band
dusky. Secondaries have a blackish discal spot and two
wavy dusky bands ; submarginal band dusky, diffuse on its
inner edge; the middle of outer margin is slightly angled
and there is a black spot on the angle. Fringes tinged with
greyish. Under surface .white; all the wings have a black
discal spot, and the secondaries have a diffuse dusky sub-
marginal band ; in some specimens the primaries also have
traces of a dusky submarginal band. Antenna serrated.

Expanse, d 46, $ 48 millim.

Three male specimens and three females from Omei-shan,
Fu-tsu-fong, Chia-ting-fu, July.

Hob. Western China.

Genus BAPTA.

(Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 294 (1829).)

Bapta bimaculata.

Phalcena bimaculata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 635 (1775).
Geometra taminuta, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 90.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 197

Pseudopanthera bimaculata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 117.
Bapta subnotata, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 127 (1895).

I took specimens at Gensan in June and there were a few
examples in Fryer's collection from Oiwake. My native
collector obtained the species at Hakodate.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Japan; Yesso; Corea.

Bapta punctata.

Phalfsna punctata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 637.

Geometra temerata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 91.

Pseudopanthera punctata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 117.

Asthena sancta, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 413.

There were a few specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's col-
lection, and I received examples from Hakodate taken in
June.

Two of the specimens from Oiwake and one from Hakodate
are slightly suffused with pale greyish, with the markings
more or less obliterated, and are almost identical with an
example from Germany in my collection. On the other hand,
a specimen from Oiwake has the markings as dark and
well defined as any in my European series.

Distribution. Europe ; Ural ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso.

Bapta mytylata.

Corycia mytylata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 58 (1857).

ta mytylata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 155 (1895).

There was a series from Oiwake and Yesso in Fryer's col-
lection. I received a specimen from Wa-shan, taken in June,
one from Huang-mu-chang and one from the Province of
Kwei-chow, taken in July.

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ; Thundia*ni ; Punjab ;
Sikhim ; Khdsis ( Hampson ) ; Japan ; Yesso ; Western
China.

Bapta foedata.
Bapta fwdata, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 404 (1894).

Warren describes this species from Japan.

I have one male specimen from Chang-yang and four
females from Ta-chien-lu, taken in June and July.

Differs from B. mytylata, Guen., in having the upper
surface more densely powdered with fuscous, and in the
discal area of under surface of primaries being suffused with
fuscous.

Distribution. Japan (Warren}-, Central and Western
China.

198 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Bapta platyleucata.

Addalia platyleucata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het., Suppl. xxxv. p. 1628

(1866).
Bapta platyleucata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 155

(1895).

Three specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in June and
July.

Distribution. Kashmir; Sikhim ; Kha*sis ( Hampson ) ;
Western China.

Bapta sacra.

Corycia sacra, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 404 (1878) ; 111.
Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 44, pi. li. fig. 11 (1879).

Specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I captured this species in Satsuma and at .Nagasaki in
May, at Gensan in June, and Mr. Smith took examples at
Hakone in August. My native collector also obtained
specimens in the latter month at Hakodate. Specimens have
been received from Ichang and Omei-shan, taken in July.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Corea ; Central and Western
China.

Bapta candidaria, sp. n.

Male. — White, with a black discal dot on each wing.
Primaries traversed by two dusky macular bands ; the
secondaries have one macular band. Under surface white ;
primaries slightly suffused with fuscous on basal two-thirds,
and traversed by a dusky band which does not extend to
inner margin ; all the wings have a black discal dot.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the transverse markings
are more distinct ; there is a series of black dots on the outer
margin of both surfaces of each wing, and the secondaries
have a macular band on the under surface.

Expanse 6 30, ? 34 millim.

One example of each sex from Oiwake in Pryer's col-
lection.

Hob. Japan.

Allied to B. sacra, Butl.

Bapta nigropunctaria, sp. n.

Silvery white powdered with fuscous. All the wings have
dusky postmedial and submarginal bands and a blackish
discal spot. Primaries have an elongate velvety black spot
on costa just before the apex; costa pale brown. Fringes
silvery, preceded by a pale brown line. Under surface

from China } Japan, and Corea. 199

silvery white, faintly suffused with fuscous-grey, except on
inner marginal area of primaries ; fringes tipped with fuscous.

Expanse 36 millim.

Two male specimens. Moupin and Ta-chien-lu. July.

Hob. Western China.

Bapta distans.
Bapta distans, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 404 (1894).

Seven specimens (1 cT,6 $) from Omei-shan, Wa-shan,
Pu-tsu-fong, Che-tou, and Chang-yang, June.

Distribution. Japan (Warren) ; Central and Western
China.

Bapta clarissa.

lodis clarissa, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 49, pi. xxxvi. fig. 4 (1878).
Pseudopanthera clarissa, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 117.

A nice series from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I obtained specimens in Satsuma in May and at Nagasaki
in June, and my native collector took the species at Hakodate
and in the island of Kiushiu.

Hob. Japan ; Yesso ; Kiushiu ; Amur.

Bapta inamata.

Acidalia inamata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxii. p. 755 (1861).
Noreia inamata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 406, pi. 185. fig. 4 (1887).
Acidalia simpliciaria, Walk. /. c. xxiii. p. 793 (1861).
Bapta inamata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 154 (1895),

I obtained a female specimen in Satsuma which appears
to be referable to this species, but the transverse line is
rather deeper in colour on all the wings.

Distribution. Sylhet ; Nilgiris; Ceylon; Sumatra; Borneo
(Hampson) ; Japan.

Bapta ochrilinea.

Bapta ochrilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 404 (1894).
Hob. China.
I have not seen the type of this species.

Genus ANGEKONA.
(Dup. L6p. iv. p. 181.)

Anger ona prunaria.

Phal. Geometra prunaria, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 520.

Geometra prunaria, Hiibn. Geom. figs. 122, 123.

Angerona prunaria, Dup. vii. pi. 147. figs. 1, 2 ; Guen. Phal. i. p. 115.

Euchlana prunaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 112.

Several specimens from Yokohama, Oiwake, and Yesso in
Fryer's collection. I took the species at Gensan in June.

200 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Most of the European forms are represented in Japan, but
there is a wider range in the size of the specimens — the
smallest example being only 36 millim. in expanse, whilst
the largest measures 74 millim.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Corea; Japan; Yesso.

Anger ona nigrisparsa.

Angerona nigrisparsa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 370
(1879).

A few specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection. I captured the species at Sendai in September.
Mr. Smith met with it at Hakone and Myianoshita in
August.

Hob. Japan.

Genus METROCAMPA.

(Latr.j Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 111.)

Metrocampa grandinaria.

Angerona grandinaria^ Motsch. Etud. Ent. p. 37 (1860).

Ennomos serrata, Brem. Lep. O^t-Sib. p. 100, pi. viii. fig. 11 (1864).

Metrocampa serrata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 112.

There were several specimens in Fryer's collection, and I
have received examples from Mr. Manley of Yokohama. The
species also occurs at Ohoyama, Nikko, Tokio, Oiwake, and
Kintokisan.

Distribution. Amur; Japan.

Metrocampa prattiaria.

Cidaria prattiaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 51 (May 1891).
Cidaria prattiaria, var. unicoloraria, Leech, 1. c. p. 52.

Several specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.

I received one male specimen and two females from Omei-
shan ; one male from Moupin and one example of each sex
from Chang-yang : July.

The Chang-yang specimens are rather redder in colour
than the others in the series, and the Moupin male is
brownish tinged with purplish. All the Chinese specimens
are larger than the Japanese.

Distribution. Japan ; Central and Western China.

Genus CABERODES.
(Guen. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 158 (1895).)

Caberodes simplicior.

Somatina simplicior, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 412.
Cidaria pallidariaj Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 51 (1891).

There were two specimens, labelled Fujisan and Nikko,

from China j Japan, and Corea. 201

in Fryer's collection, and my native collector took an ex-
ample in Kiushiu. Butler's type was from Tokio.
Hob. Japan and Kiushiu.

Genus NUMERIA.
(Dup. Le> iv. p. 107.)

Numeria pulveraria.

Phal. Geometra pulveraria, Linn. x. 521 ; Clerck, Icon. pi. v. figs. 6, 9.
Metrocampa pulveraria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 112.
Numeria japonica, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 418.

A fine series in Fryer's collection under the name
N. japonica.

My native collector obtained specimens at Gensan in July
and also in the island of Kiushiu. I received one example
from Chang-yang taken in July.

The specimens from Gensan and Kiushiu are very small.

Distribution. Europe ; Ural ; Altai ; Amur ; Japan ;
Kiushiu; Corea.

Genus ENDROPIOIDES.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 463 (1894).)
Endropioides abjecta.

Endropia abjecta, Butl. Ann..& Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 371 (1879).
Endropia Snelleni. Hedem. Horae Soc. Ent. RQSS. xvi. p. 46, pi. x. fig. 1
(1881).

A fine series from Yokohama, Fujisan, Gifu, and Yesso in
Fryer's collection.

Snellenij Hedem., is certainly a dark form of E. abjecta,
Butl. The species is variable as regards coloration, and
ranges from dark reddish brown through pale reddish brown
to a pale whity brown with reddish-brown outer margins.
In some of the dark specimens the wings are unicolorous ;
in others the basal area of primaries is paler.

Meyrick (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 112) places
Snelleni in Metrocampa and considers it synonymous with
indictinaria, Brem.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Askold.

Genus EPHORIA.

(Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 109.)

Ephoria arenosa.

Epione arenosa. Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 46, pi. xxxv. fig. 1

(1878).
Ephoria arenosa, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 109.

202 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

There was a fine series from Oiwake and one specimen
from Yesso in Fryer's collection.
Butler's type was from Hakodate.
Distribution. Amur (Graeser) ; Japan; Yesso.

Ephoria leda.

Epione leda, Butl. III. Typ. Lep. Het. iL p. 46, pi. xxxv. fig. 5 (1878)

(.<*)•

Epione strenioides, Butl. /. c. fig. 0 ( $ ).

Epione lachrymosa, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 402 (var. <$).

Epione ossea, Butl. /. c. (var. $ ).

Calcaritis Oberthuerii, Butl. op. cit. p. 597 (var. $).

Therapis straminea, Butl. op. cit. p. 401 (var. $ ).

There was a fine series of each sex of this species from
Ohoyama and Nikko in Fryer's collection, including examples
of the forms lachrymosa and ossea.

I have received a male which approaches the strenioides
form from Chang-yang and a female of the same form from
Chia-ting-fu, both taken in July.

Distribution. Japan ; Central and Western China.

Ossea an.d Oberthuerii appear to be forms of the female,
and lachrymosa a form of the male, while straminea is a
modification of the ossea form in which all the transverse lines
are absent.

Genus SCARDAMIA.
(Guen. Phal. i. p. 89 (1857).)

Scardamia metallaria.

Scardamia metallaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 89 (1857).
Laginia bractearia, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 245 (1860).
Scardamia aurantiacaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 72, pi. vi. fig. 15

(1864).
Scardamia taprobanes, Feld. Reise Nov. pi. cxxiii. fig. 2 (1875).

Appears to be plentiful in the island of Kiushiu. I met
with it at Nagasaki and in the province of Satsuma, and
have received it from Gensan in Corea.

In Western China it occurs at Moupin and in the pro-
vince of Kwei-chow; and in Central China at Ichang and
Chang-yang.

Distribution. Central and Western China ; Japan ; Corea ;
Eastern Siberia ; India ; Ceylon ; Java.

Scardamia obliquariaj sp. n.

Similar to S. metallaria, Guen., but the first transverse
line of primaries is elbowed above the middle, and the second

from China, Japan, and Corea. 203

line is oblique from near apex ; the marginal area is deeper
orange than other portions of the wings.
Expanse 28 millim.

One female specimen taken by myself at Gensan in July.
Hob. Corea.

Genus PERATOPHYGA.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 407 (1894).)

Peratophyga cerata.

Addalia cerata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 643.
Ephyra grata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist (5) iv. p. 438 (1879).
Peratophyga cerata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 164

(1895).

There were specimens in Fryer's collection from Yokohama,
and I met with the species at Nagasaki. It occurs also at
Chang-yang, Kiukiang, Moupin, Pu-tsu-fong, Ta-chien-lu,
and Omei-shan.

Distribution. Eastern, Central, and Western China ; Japan;
Himalayas.

This species seems to vary considerably in size and in the
intensity of the markings.

Genus STEGANIA.

(Guen. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 164 (1895).)

' f

( . , .

Stegama.irrorana, sp. n. /^'.

Pale ochreous, irrorated with ferruginous. Primaries have
the cosla purplish brown, and there is a narrow curved and
recurved band of the same colour from one fourth before
apex to inner angle ; from the lower curve of this band there
is a broad purplish-brown bar extending to the marginal line,
which is of the same colour. Secondaries have a narrow
purplish-brown band on outer margin. All the wings have
a blackish discal dot and a diffuse ferruginous-brown central
band, the latter is often interrupted and sometimes entirely
absent. Fringes of the ground-colour. Under surface rather
paler than above, with similar markings but darker in colour.

Expanse 21 millim.

I obtained a nice series at Nagasaki in May, and I have
received specimens from Ningpo and Gensan.

Distribution. Kiushiu ; Corea ; and N.E. China.

Allied to 8. bilineata, Butl.

Genus SYNEGIA.

(Guen. Phal. i. p. 423 (1857).)

Synegia pardaria.

Anisodes pardaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 420 (1857).

Synegia pardaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 170 (1895).

204 Mr. J. II . Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Occurs at Chang-yang, Moupin, and Omei-shan.
Distribution. Khasis ; Ceylon ; Borneo (Hampson) ; Cen-
tral and Western China.

Synegia hadassa.

Anisodes hadassa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 400 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 38, pi. L. fig. 5 (1879;.
Synegia inconspicua, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 412.
Syntaracta hadassa, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 408 (1894).

Both forms of this species occur commonly in the islajid
of Kiushiu. There was one example of the inconspicua
form in Fryer's collection, and I received one specimen of
the same form from Yokohama, several from Hakone, and
one from Chang-yang.

In the series from Kiushiu there are forms connecting the
type and inconspicua^ and others which are broadly suffused
with leaden grey.

Distribution. Japan ; Kiushiu ; Central China.

Synegia omissa.
Syntaracta omissa, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 409 (1894).

One example from Chow-pin-sa, Western China. I have
also received it from the Loochoo Islands and from Kiushiu ;
and there was a specimen in Fryer's collection.

Distribution. Loochoo Islands ; Japan; Western China.

Synegia esther.
Synegia esther, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 411.

There were several specimens in Fryer's collection. I
have also received examples from Chang-yang, Omei-shan,
and the island of Kiushiu.

The Chinese specimens are lighter in colour and the trans-
verse lines are narrower and not diffused.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu; Central and Western China.

Synegia[rosearia, sp. n. ./^ ^

Male. — Primaries yellowish ; basal half freckled with rosy
and traversed by a violet-grey band, which is elbowed below
costa ; the outer half has a broad violet-grey band, from the
inner edge of this there is a suffusion of the same colour
towards the base of the wing and a diffuse projection towards
the middle of outer margin ; a violet-grey streak from
apex almost touches the band, and there are some marks of
the same colour towards inner angle. Secondaries yellowish;
basal patch violet-grey; beyond, the wing is traversed by

from China, Japan, and Corea. 205

more or less confluent rosy waved lines, and the outer margin
has a diffuse violet-tinged rosy band. Under surface pale
whity brown, with the markings of upperside reproduced in
dusky violet-grey.

Female. — The discal area of primaries is more suffused with
violet-grey.

Expanse, ^ 31, ? 34 millim.

One male specimen from Ichang, a male from Omei-shan,
and a female from Moupin : June and July.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Genus SELENIA.
(Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 292 (1816).)

Selem'a tetralunaria.

Geometra tetralunaria, Hufn. Berl. Mag. iv. p. 506 (1769).
Selenia illustraria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 293 ; Guen. Phal. i. p. 154.
Selenia tetralunaria, var. astiva, Staud. Cat. p. 157,=var. A, Guen.
/. c. p. 155.

My native collector took a female specimen of the typical
form at Hakodate in June, and I captured four examples of
var. cestiva at that place in August.

Distribution. Europe ; Yesso.

Selenia pallidaria.
Selenia pallidaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 43 (May 1891).

There was one female specimen from Yesso in Fryer's
collection.
Hob. Yesso.

Selenia adustaria. (PI. VII. fig. 7.)

Selenia adustaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 42 (May 1891).
Selenia adustaria, var.y*wsca, Leech, I. c.

Three specimens from Yesso in Fryer's collection. One
of these is probably an individual of the second brood.
Hob. Yesso.

Selenia sordidaria, sp. n.

Very pale whity brown, irrorated and marked with brownish
on costa of primaries ; all the wings have two thin brownish
transverse lines. Under surface as above, but there is an
ochreous lunular patch freckled with brownish on apex of
primaries, and the area of secondaries between the outer line
and the base of the wing is tinged with ochreous and

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 15

206 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

speckled with brownish ; discal spots black, that on primaries
linear.

Expanse 48 millim.

One male specimen from Ichang, April.

Hob. Central China.

Selenia (?) crenularia, sp. n.

Pale primrose-yellow. Basal area of primaries pinkish on
the costa and limited by a dingy olive band with irregular
edges, commencing as a brown spot on costa ; there are some
marks of the same colour within the band ; beyond there is
an interrupted macular, dingy olive band, the costal spot
brown ; the outer marginal area is limited by a pink line
and suffused on the lower portion with the same colour.
Secondaries have a dark discal spot, and the outer marginal
area agrees with that of the primaries. The outer margins
of all the wings are highly crenulate, and the fringes are
olive. Under surface similar to the upperside, but the
yellow is brighter and the secondaries are sprinkled with
pinkish on costa, and the abdominal area is whitish.
Antennae with short ciliaa.

Expanse 50 millim.

One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu, May.

Hob. Western China.

Selenia (?) bilinearia, sp. n.

Whity brown, with a faint tinge of pink. Primaries have
two oblique dark .transverse lines — the first is angulated on
costa, edged inwardly with whitish, and limits the brownish
basal area ; the second line traverses an irregular brownish
band and is outwardly edged with whitish ; the outer margin
is clouded with brownish below apex and above inner angle,
and there are some smaller marks of the same colour between
the clouds. Secondaries have a dark transverse line agreeing
with the outer one of primaries, and the ground-colour is
obscured with brownish, except on costal and submarginal
areas. Fringes of the ground-colour suffused and chequered
with darker. Under surface : primaries bright yellow, paler
on costa and inner margin • there are two transverse lines as
above; secondaries paler, with two dark transverse lines
approximating on inner margin.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, June.

Hab. Central China.

from China, Japan, and Gorea. 207

Genus PERICALLIA.

(Steph. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 223 (1895).)

Pericallia distans.
Hygrochroa distans, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 143 (1895).

There was a specimen from Yesso in Fryer's collection.
Mr. Smith took a male specimen at Hakone in August, and
my native collector obtained one in the island of Kiushiu.
I received one female from Omei-shan, taken in July.

In the Chinese example the transverse line is blacker and
more conspicuous than in the Japanese specimens. The
Kiushiu specimen is only 32 millim. in expanse.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Kiushiu ; Western China.

P. distans is very close to P. syringaria from Europe, and
is possibly only an Asiatic form of that species. It may be
referable to P. parva, Hedem.*, from Amurland.

Pericallia marmorataria, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 15.)

Greyish-white, with a faint pinkish tinge. Basal patch of
primaries reddish-grey, clouded with darker and limited by a
whitish grey-edged curved line; central line deep brown,
acutely angled below costa, slightly curved to first median
fork, where it passes through a violet- brown cloud, then
oblique to inner margin ; between the central line and the
whitish apex of the wing there is a grey-brown patch on
costa intersected by a whitish stripe, and from the lower end
of this last a thin brown curved line runs to a grey-brown
cloud on inner margin. Secondaries are traversed by two
brown lines, the outer one very fine and dotted with blackish
on the nervules ; beyond, the outer marginal area is clouded
and suffused with greyish brown and traversed by a wavy
line of the ground-colour. Fringes brown. Under surface :
colour as above ; primaries have a brownish basal patch and
a diffuse central line, the last is slightly angulated below
costa and followed by a brownish patch, which is intersected
by a whitish streak that unites with a whitish submarginal
line, the lower end of the submarginal line is bordered by a
brownish cloud, and there is another cloud of the same colour
on the middle of outer margin ; secondaries clouded with
brownish at the base, discoidal spot blackish, other markings
correspond with those of upperside, but the abdominal por-
tion of central line is reddish brown.

Expanse 40 millim.

* Horse Soc. Ent. Ross. xvi. p. 45 (1881).

15*

208 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

One male specimen from Chang-yang, July.
Hob. Central China.

This species is very similar to P. syringaria, Linn., in
colour and approaches the Japanese P. distans, Warren.

Pericallia productaria, sp. n.

Light brown, striated and clouded with darker. Primaries
have a brownish subbasal line elbowed below costa and a
central brown fascia, the outer edge of the latter is blackish
and has an obtuse projection extending to the indistinct pale
submarginal line ; costa and outer margin with paler patches
tinged with lilacine. Secondaries have a central fascia
which appears to be a continuation of that on primaries, but
the projection on outer edge is less pronounced and there
are two indentations below it. All the wings have a black
discal spot, that on primaries rather linear. Fringes crenu-
late, brown marked with paler, and preceded by a brown line.
Under surface ochreous, striated with reddish brown ; all the
wings have a blackish discal spot and a purplish-brown cen-
tral line, the latter, on secondaries, is bordered with purplish
towards abdominal margin ; there is a dusky transverse
shade on primaries from costa to median nervure. Vertex
of head whitish.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from Wa-shan, May.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to P. albifronsj Moore.

Pericallia olivaria, sp. n.

Pale brown, striated and suffused with olivaceous ; be-
yond the black discal spot there is an olive band crossing all
the wings, the inner edge of this band is diffuse and
the exterior elbowed below costa of primaries and obtusely
angled on secondaries ; there are indications of a pale wavy
submarginal line on each wing intersecting an olivaceous
cloud towards the inner and anal angles respectively ; the
apex of primaries and outer angle of secondaries are also
clouded with olivaceous ; secondaries have a blackish discal
spot and there is a dark olive spot in the middle of submar-
ginal line and a curved one at the costal end of the same
line. Under surface yellow, powdered with reddish on inner
area of primaries ; outer marginal area of all the wings
brownish, clouded with yellow towards apex and outer angle,
and with greyish white towards inner and anal angles, the
limiting line is dark brown edged outwardly with whitish.

from China, Japan, and Gorea. 209

Expanse 40-42 millim.

Four male specimens from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Pericallia crenularia^ sp. n.

Brown tinged with lilacine. Primaries have a subbasal
dusky line, curved towards costa and again towards inner
margin; a concolorous central fascia outlined in brownish,
the inner edge almost straight and the outer edge obtusely
angled below costa and then inwardly oblique ; submarginal
line interrupted, most distinct towards costa. Secondaries
have a dusky, waved, central line, edged inwardly with
brownish and preceded by an obscure brownish shade and
discal spot ; submarginal line indistinct. Under surface
yellow ; outer marginal area limited by a strong blackish
line. Fringes brown, crenulate. Vertex of head pure white.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Pericallia latimarginaria, sp. n.

Pale brown. Primaries : basal area suffused with darker
and limited by a curved, wavy, blackish line ; outer line
blackish, parallel with outer margin as far as third median
nervule, then turned inwards and curved from second to first
median riervule, from which point it runs almost straight to
inner margin, this line traverses a brownish shade which
tapers from inner margin to costa ; there is a brownish cloud
on the outer margin below apex, and the space between this
and the transverse shade is tinged with pinkish. Secondaries
have the outer half brownish, tinged with pinkish towards
margin, and traversed by a bidentate blackish line. All the
wings have a black discal spot and an ill-defined, shaded,
pale submarginal line. Under surface yellow ; outer mar-
ginal area clouded with greyish brown, limited by a dark
line and marked with whitish at angle of each wing ; discal
spots and transverse lines as above. Vertex of head white.

Expanse 36-40 millim.

Several specimens of each sex from Chang-yang and from
Moupin, June and July.

Hob* Central and Western China.

Pericallia variaria, sp. n.

Pale greyish- brown, tinged with pinkish, freckled with
fuscous and clouded with the latter colour, especially on the

210 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

basal area of secondaries and between the transverse lines of
primaries. There are two transverse lines on primaries : the
first is blackish, elbowed below costa, and slightly indented
above inner margin ; the second is rather oblique, double,
except at each extremity, enclosing a paler area ; beyond the
second line there is a blackish quadrate blotch, the centre of
which is filled in with pinkish ; discal spot black. Second-
aries have a black discal spot and an olivaceous crenulate
band ; submarginal band serrated, blackish, but not well-
defined towards costa. Fringes fuscous, tinged with oliva-
ceous. Under surface violet-grey, clouded and suffused with
fuscous ; primaries have a dusky band, elbowed below costa,
before the middle, and a ferruginous-brown band bordered
with darker beyond the middle; the space between these
bands is marked with creamy white; submarginal line
whitish ; a broad and diffuse ferruginous patch extends from
black discal spot to submarginal line, which it obscures at
this point ; secondaries have the basal area marked with
creamy white : the transverse band appears to be a con-
tinuation of the outer one on primaries ; submarginal band
as above but dusky in colour. Outer margin of the wings,
especially of secondaries, crenulate.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from Chia-ting-fu, July.

Hob. Western China.

Pericallia testacea.
Pericallia testacea, Butl. Trans. Ent Soc. 1881, p. 405.

There were several specimens from Yesso in Fryer's col-
lection. Fenton took the species at Tokio.
Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Genus XYLOSCIA.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 462 (1894).)

Xyloscia subspersata.

Hemerophila subspersata. Feld. Reise Nov., Lep. v. pi. cxxv. fijr 16

(1875).
Xyloscia subspersata, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 462 (1894).

{Several specimens from Oiwake and Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. I captured a female example at Gensan in July.
Hob. Japan and Corea.

Xyloscia liangularia, sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 5.)
Fale brown, sparingly irrorated with blackish; the basal

from China, Japan , and Corea. 211

area of primaries and outer marginal area of all the wings
suffused with violaceous brown. On the primaries the blackish
line limiting the basal area is biangulate below costa and
very oblique from median nervure to inner margin; outer line
oblique, blackish, appearing to commence below apex in the
undulated and diffuse blackish submarginal line and preceded
by a slightly wavy brown line, which limits the outer mar-
ginal area. Secondaries have a brown central line followed
by a blackish one parallel with it ; submarginal line diffuse,
blackish ; all the wings have a black discal dot, but that on
secondaries most conspicuous. Under surface similar to
above, but the basal two-thirds of secondaries paler.

Expanse 37 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, June.

Bab. Central China.

Closely allied to X. subspersata, Feld., but the transverse
markings rather different, the outer line on primaries ter-
minates on outer margin below the apex ; outer margin of
secondaries is slightly crenulate, with a distinct projection
above the middle.

Genus APERICALLIA, nov.

Palpi porrect, densely hairy, extending considerably beyond
the frons. Antennae of male bipectinated to apex. Posterior
tibiee not dilated, with all spurs present. Primaries have
the outer margin slightly concave below apex, angled at
fourth vein, thence oblique. Secondaries have the outer
margin slightly angled at middle. Venation similar to that
of Pericallia.

Type A. bih'nearia, sp. n.

Apericallia bilinearia, sp. n.

Primaries whitish grey, tinged with lilacine and freckled
and clouded with fuscous ; the central area is traversed by
two dusky-brown, almost blackish, lines : the inner one very
slightly curved and the outer one oblique and followed by
two blackish spots. Secondaries pale whity brown, pow-
dered with fuscous, and traversed by a dark brown line,
which tapers towards but does not attain the costa. Fringes
brown on primaries, grey on secondaries, merging into
brown at anal angle. Under surface ochreous brown, freckled
with blackish ; transverse lines and markings generally as
above, but the outer line of primaries is followed by a ferru-
ginous patch on costa ; the secondaries are whiter and have

212 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

a diffuse ferruginous central band which obscures the trans-
verse line.

Expanse 36-40 rnillim.

Four male specimens and three females from Pu-tsu-fong
and Moupin, June and July.

Hob. Western China.

Genus HETEROCALLIA, nov.

Palpi extending beyond the frons, clothed with long hair ;
antennse of male setaceous ; hind tibiae dilated, all spurs
present. Primaries with apex slightly produced, outer
margin obtusely angled at middle. Secondaries with outer
margin rounded, slightly emarginate above middle. Venation
similar to that of Pericallia.

Type H. truncaria, sp. n.

Heterocallia truncaria, sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 1.)

Whitish-grey, tinged with violaceous, irrorated and clouded
with fuscous. Primaries have three transverse dark-brown
or blackish lines, the first not always clearly defined, all are
curved below costa, and the third is recurved and dentate
before inner margin ; following the third line is a fuscous-
brown band marked with darker brown below the upper
curve, which is also deeper brown ; submarginal line oblique,
white towards costa, where it is interrupted and adjoins the
fuscous- brown band. Secondaries have three fuscous bands,
but these are only well-defined on the abdominal area.
Fringes greyish, preceded by a series of black dots. Under
surface pale greyish, irrorated with fuscous and suffused on
the disk with ochreous ; apical area of primaries clouded with
brownish, submarginal line represented by three white dots :
secondaries have two diffuse transverse bands, these are
brown inclining to blackish on abdominal area, the outer one
with a small elongate blackish spot about the middle.

Expanse 42 millim.

Occurs at Moupin, Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, and Che-tou
in July. I received twelve specimens, including both sexes.

Hob. Western China.

Genus PSYRA.

(Walk. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 221 (1895).)
Psyra rufolinearia^ sp. n.

Whitish brown, with a faint ochreous tinge on the disk
and irrorated with fuscous. Primaries have a sinuous red-

from China, Japan, and Corea. 213

dish line, dotted with black on the nervures, before the
middle ; this does not extend to the costa, where it is repre-
sented by a black dot and an oblique reddish line, followed
by a series of black dots on the nervules beyond the
middle ; there is also a short, interrupted blackish band from
just before apex, and a similar one towards inner margin ;
the oblique line together with series of black dots are con-
tinued on the secondaries, and all the wings have a blackish
discal dot and a marginal series of black dots. Fringes of
the ground-colour. Under surface whitish-brown, irrorated
with fuscous ; outer marginal area with fuscous border, most
clearly defined on the primaries ; the secondaries have a
dusky central line and two series of blackish dots, the outer
series connected by a dusky lunulated line ; marginal and
discal dots as above.

Expanse 60 millim.

One female specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Psyra cuneata.

Psyra cuneata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxi. p. 483 (1860) ; Hampson,
Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 223 (1895).

One male specimen from Wa-shan, two females from Pu-
tsu-fong, and a male from Japan in Fryer's collection.

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Khdsis (Hamp-
son) ; Japan ; Western China.

Genus FASCELLINA.

(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 215 (I860).)

Fascellina plagiata.

Geometra plagiata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Set. xxxv.t). 1601 (1866).
Fascellina plaqiata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 226
(1895).

I have specimens from Ichang, Chia-ting-fu, Ta-chien-lu,
and Omei-shan.

Distribution. Khdsis (Hampson) ; Kulu, N.W. Hima-
layas ; Central and Western China.

Genus LEPTOMIZA.
(Warr. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 228 (1895).)

Leptomiza calcearia.

Hyperythra calcearia, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 132 (I860).
Leptomiza calcearia, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 231
(1895).

One specimen from Moupin, July.

214 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ( Hampson ) ;
Western China.

Leptomiza dentilineata.

Selenia dentihneata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 228 (1887).

Leptomiza dentilineata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 231

(1895).
Heterolocha mediolimbata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 308, pi. vi.

figs. 3, 3 a.

One specimen received from Chang-yang, August ; Pou-
jade records an example from Moupin.

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson) ; Central and Western
China.

Leptomiza (?) lentiginosaria.

Collix lentiffinosaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 55 (May 1891).

There were some specimens from Yokohama ? and Gif u
in Fryer's collection. I obtained examples of each sex at
Hakodate in August, and received a female specimen from
Chia-ting-fu, taken in July.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Western China.

Genus GARJEUS.
(Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 623.)

Garceus specularis.

Garceus specularis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 623, pi. xxxii.

fig. 3 ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 233, fig. (1895).
Endropia mactans, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 393 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 30, pi. xlviii. fig. 3 (1879).
Gareeusfenestratus, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 404.

There were several specimens from Ohoyama and Nikko
in Fryer's collection, and I received two examples from
Chang-yang and one from Ichang.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Japan ; Central China.

This species is exceedingly variable both in colour and
markings ; in some specimens the hyaline spots are entirely
absent. The range of colour is from pale yellowish brown
to dark purplish brown. One of the Chang-yang specimens
agrees with Hampson's figure of G. specularis , Moore.

Garceus argillaceus.

Pseudomiza argillacea, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vii. p. 100, pi. cxxxv.

fig. 15 (1889).
Garceus argillaceus, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 235

(1895).

One male specimen from Chia-ting-fu, Western China,
July.

Distribution. Dalhousie ; Dharmsdla ; Sikhim ; Shillong
(Hampson} ; Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 215

Genus NOTHOMIZA.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 443 (1894).)

Nothomiza formosa.

Ellopia formosa, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 47, pi. xxxv. fig. 8
(1878).

Several specimens from Yokohama and Gifu in Fryer's
collection.

I captured specimens in Satsuma in May and at Tsuruga
and Nagahama in July. Mr. Smith took the species at
Hakone in August.

Hob. J^apan ; Kiushiti.

Genus HETEROMIZA.
(Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend, 1893, p. 405.)

Heteromiza sanguiflua.

Cimicodes sanguiflua, Moore, Lep Atk. p. 233, pi. viii. %. 4 (1887).
Heteromizaflava, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 236 (1895).

I have received specimens from Omei-shan, Moupin, and
Chang-yang, June and July.

Hampson considers that H.flava is a form of H. sangm-
flua, but I am inclined to regard them as distinct species.

Distribution, Khasis ; Central and Western China.

Heteromiza flava .
Cimicodes flava, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 233, pi. viii. fig. 5 (1887).

One male example from Moupin, July.
Distribution. Kha"sis (Hampson) ; Western China.

Heteromiza cruentaria.

Cimicodes cruentaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 616 ;

Waterh. Aid, pi. cli. fig. 6.
Heteromiza cruentaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 237

(1895).

One example of each sex from Chang-yang, July.
Distribution. Western Himalayas; Khasis (Hampson);
Central China.

Genus DALIMA.
(Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 614.)

Dalima variaria^ sp. n.

Male. — Ochreous-brown, striated with purplish-brown.
Primaries have a brownish diffuse band, which is angled
below costa and traversed throughout its course by a wavy

216 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

silvery- white line, and terminates in a black quadrate spot on
middle of the inner margin ; submarginal band shade-like and
obscure: secondaries have two purplish-brown bands, and
between these there is an interrupted silvery-white line
bordered with fuscous. All the wings have a dusky discal
spot ; fringes brown. Under surface orange, sparingly
freckled with blackish ; primaries have a black discal spot
and a blackish wavy submarginal band, the latter inter-
rupted towards costa, where it is represented by a round
spot; secondaries have a black discal spot, preceded by a
blackish abbreviated band from abdominal margin, and a
blackish wavy submarginal band. Antennae as in D. acutaria.

Female. — Cinnamon-brown; the markings as in the male,
but less distinct.

Expanse, <$ 52, ? 58 millim.

Four male specimens and one female from Moupin, Omei-
shan, and Ta-chien-lu, June and July.

Var. grisearictj nov.

Purplish grey, deeper on the secondaries and outer mar-
ginal area of primaries ; there are no purplish-brown striations ;
the transverse markings and discal spots are similar to those
of the type, but the outer line of primaries is olive-brown.

Two male specimens from Omei-shan, July.

Var. albomaculata, nov.

Primaries ochreous brown, suffused with olive-brown, con-
spicuously so beyond the transverse line : secondaries purplish
brown. Markings as in the type, but in addition there is a
series of silvery-white lunules on the outer margin of primaries
and a cloud of the same colour, interrupted by the nervules,
in the angle of transverse line.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Hob. Western China.

Dalima obliquariaj sp. n.

Apex of primaries acute; secondaries have an angular
projection above middle of outer margin. Pale reddish
brown ; first line of primaries rufous, undulated ; second line
indicated by a short rufous streak from costa and another on
inner margin ; third line rufous, running obliquely from apex
to middle of the inner margin, where it terminates very close
to the second line, a short outwardly oblique streak from the
costa approaches the upper portion of this line; there are
traces of a diffuse, dusky, submarginal band. Fringes darker.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 217

Secondaries have two rufous lines and a diffuse submarginal
band as on primaries. Under surface orange, speckled with
fuscous grey ; outer margins suffused with fuscous.

Expanse 52 millim.

One female specimen from Wa-ssu-kow, June.

Hob. Western China.

Dalima ochrearia, sp. n.

The apex of primaries is acutely produced and the second-
aries have an angular projection above the middle of outer
margin. Pale ochreous brown, tinged with pink7 especially
on the outer marginal areas of all the wings. Primaries have
three brown spots on costa j beyond the middle there is a
transverse yellowish line, sharply angled in the direction of
the apex of the wing, and then oblique to inner margin,
where it terminates slightly in advance of a dark quadrate
spot placed on the middle of the margin ; this line is out-
wardly bordered with olivaceous. Secondaries have a trans-
verse yellowish line outwardly bordered with olivaceous and
an indistinct dusky line nearer the base of the wing. In
some specimens there are indications of a submarginal line on
each wing. Under surface orange, freckled with fuscous.

Expanse 50—52 millim.

Several examples of both sexes from Moupin; Chia-ting-fu;
Wa-shan ; Pu-tsu-fong ; Chang-yang : June and July.

The Chang-yang examples are tinged with olivaceous and
have indistinct traces of basal and median transverse lines.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Dalima acutaria, sp. n.

The primaries are produced at apex and there is a slight
projection on the outer margin of the secondaries below outer
angle. Brownish grey, more or less tinged with rufous.
Primaries have three short rufous-brown dashes on costa, from
the first of which there are indications of a silvery-grey-edged
transverse line to the inner margin, and from the third there
is a line projected in the direction of outer margin, which,
however, it does not reach, but turns sharply inwards and
runs obliquely to middle of the inner margin ; beyond this
line, which is edged with yellowish, the wing is tinged with
fuliginous. Secondaries have two central rufous-brown lines,
the inner straight and the outer curved, the latter edged
inwardly with yellowish. Fringes rufous-brown. Under
surface orange, freckled with blackish ; marginal area of all
the wings suffused with dusky and limited inwards by a

218 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

blackish diffuse band. All the wings have a black discal
spot on both surfaces. Antennas of male serrate and
fasciculate.

Expanse 56-64 millim.

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong and one from Omei-
shan, July.

The type described is rather browner in colour than the
other specimens ; this is probably due to its finer condition.

Hob. Western China.

Dalima columbinaria, sp. n.

Grey, with a tinge of lilacine. Primaries have two short
transverse dashes on the costa arid a transverse line beyond
the middle, which is sharply angled below the apex of the
wing, and then runs obliquely to the middle of the inner
margin, where it is inwardly edged with silvery grey ; discal
spot blackish : secondaries have two slightly curved blackish
or dark brown lines, the outer edged internally with silvery
grey. All the wings have an interrupted dusky submarginal
band-like shade. Fringes brown. Under surface orange,
freckled with blackish ; transverse markings of upper surface
indicated in blackish.

Expanse 54-56 millim.

One male specimen from Omei-shan and one from Moupin,
June and July.

Allied to D. vulpinaria, Moore.

Hob. Western China.

Dalima subferrugineata.

Drepanodes subferrugineata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 307,
pi. vi. figs. 2, 2 a.

Poujade records a female specimen taken by M. 1'Abbe* A.
David at Moupin.

Hob. Western China.

Genus AMBLYCHIA.

(Guen. Phal. i. p. 214 (1857).)

Amblychia angeronaria.

Amblychia angeronaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 215, pi. iv. fig. 9 (1857) ;
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 242 (1895).

One female specimen from Wa-shan, May.
Distribution. Sikhim; Assam; Ceylon (Hampson); Western
China.

from China , Japan, and Corea. 219

Genus CEPPHIS.
(Hiibn. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 118.)

Cepphis advenaria.

Geometra advenaria, Hiibn. Beitr. ii. pi. iii. fig. Q ; Geom. fig. 45 ; Esp.

pi. xvi. figs. 1-3.
Cepphis advenaria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 294 ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 114.
Epione advenaria, Dup. Le"p. vii. pi. cl. fig. 3 ; Guen. Phal. i. p. 97.

I captured specimens at Gensan in July and at Hakodate
in August.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso ; Corea.

Cepphis (?) laterinata.

Numeria laterinata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 312, pi. yi.
fig. 13 (=N. lateritiaria, Pouj. Bull. Museum, fevrier 1895).

Poujade records a male specimen from Moupin. I have
two males from that locality taken in July, and one from
Huaiig-mu-chang taken in August.

Hab. Western China.

Genus HYPERYTHRA.
(Guen. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 218 (1895).)

Hyperythra khasiana.

Calopyrrha khasiana, Swinh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p. 221

(1893).
Hyperythra phoenix, Swinh., Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, p. 219

(1895).

Two males from Omei-shan and a female from the province
of Kwei-chow, July.

The female has a slight olivaceous tint, but the males are
pinkish and yellow.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Khdsis; Na"gas (Hampson) ; West-
ern China.

Genus ANTHYPERYTHRA.

(Warren, MS. ; Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 485.)
Anthyperythra hermearia.

Anthyperythra hermearia, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 485,
pi. xix. fig. 9.

One male specimen from Omei-shan, July.
Distribution. Kha"sis ; Western China.

220 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus CORYPHA.
(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 270 (I860).)

CorypJia incongruaria.

Corypha incongruaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 270 (1860) ; Bull.
111. Typ. Lep. Het. p. 31, pi. xlviii. fig. 6 (1879).

I obtained specimens in Satsuma in May and at Tsuruga
in July, and my native collector took the species in the island
of Kiushiu and at Ningpo.

Distribution. Japan ; Kiushiu • N. China.

Genus AUAXA.
(Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 271 (I860).)

Auaxa sulphurea.

Bizia sulphurea, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 47, pi. xxxv. fig. 10
(1878).

Several specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection. I took this species in Satsuma in May, at Tsuruga
in June, and at Nagasaki and Gensan in July. I have
also received specimens from Chang-yang, Omei-shan, and
Moupin, June and July.

The basal line and discal spot of primaries are variable
characters in this species ; in some of my specimens both are
absent.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Central and Western China.

Probably identical with Auaxa cesadaria, Walk., from
China, the type of which I have not been able to discover.

Genus BIZIA.
(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 231 (I860).)

Bizia cexaria.

Bizia cexaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 261 (1860) ; Butl. 111. Typ.

Lep. Het. iii. p. 31, pi. xlviii. tig. 5 (1879).
Endropia mibuaria, Feld. Reise Nov. v. pi. cxxiii. fig. 31 (1875).

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection. I
obtained the species at Tsuruga and Gensan in July, and
Mr. Smith took it at Hakone in August. I have also received
specimens from Icharig, Chang-yang, Kiukiang, Omei-shan,
Cilia- ting-fa, and the province of Kwei-chow, June and July.

Fairly constant in colour and markings, but varies in size.

from China, Japan, and Oorea. 221

My smallest male specimen expands 44 millim. and largest
female 72 millim. ; the latter is from Chang-yang.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Corea ; Western and Central
China.

Genus COLOTOIS.
(Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 288.)

Colotois pennaria.

Phal. Oeometra pennaria, Linn. Faun. Suec. 324.

Geoinetra pennaria, Esp. pi. xviii. figs. 4-6 j Hiibn. Geom. fig. 14.

Colotois pennaria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 288; Meyrick, Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1892, p. 114.
Himera pennaria, Dup. Le"p. vii. pi. cxlvi. figs. 1, 2 ; Guen. Phal. i.

p. 182.

There was one male specimen in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan.

Genus ENNOMOS.

(Treit ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 114.)

Ennomos autumnaria.

Geometra autumnaria, Wernb. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1859, p. 361.
Geometra alniaria, Esp. Schmett. v. pi. ix. figs. 1-6 ; Hiibn. Geom.

fig. 26.

Eugonia alniaria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 291.
Ennomos alniaria, Treit. Schmett. vi. i. 79 ; Guen. Phal. i. p. 175.
Ennomos autumnaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 115.

A few examples from Oivvake and Yesso in Fryer's col-
lection.

Distribution. Europe ; Ural ; Amur ; Japan, Yesso.

Genus CROCALLIS.

(Treit. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 231 (1895).)

Crocallis acutaria, sp. n.

Frimaries pale yellowish brown, sprinkled and suffused
with darker ; a dark brown line inwardly edged with whitish
commences on costa near apex and terminates on inner margin
one third from outer angle ; a black spot on outer margin in
each nervular interspace : secondaries pale brown, slightly
suffused with darker within the brownish central line, which
becomes indistinct towards costa. All the wings have a dark
discal spot, annular on primaries. Fringes brown, paler on

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 16

222 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

secondaries. Under surface whity brown, with dark markings
of upperside faintly reproduced.

Expanse 48 millim.

One example of each sex from Chang-yang, July.

This species is very like the paler forms of C. arida} which
also occurs in China, but the apex of primaries is acutely
produced, especially in the female, and the outer margin is
not scalloped between apex and the angular projection. The
transverse line, too, is oblique, not curved in the least, and
starts from a point on costa much nearer to the apex.

Hob. Central China.

Crocallis arida.

Nivhonissa arida, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 394 (1878)
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 31, pi. xlviii. fig. 7 (1879).

Crocallis obUquaria. Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 232
(1895).

There were several specimens in Fryer's collection from
Yokohama and Oiwake. I have also received the species
from Kiushiu, taken by a native collector, and I met with it
at Oiwake and Nikko in September.

My collectors in Western China obtained it at Moupin,
Pu-tsu-fong, and Chow-pin-sa in June, but only single
specimens in each locality. The Moupin example agrees in
colour with the Japanese specimens, but the others are much
darker.

Distribution. Japan ; W. China.

Crocallis (?) acuminaria, sp. n.

Ochreous brown. Primaries traversed by two blackish
transverse lines, the first almost straight and the second
oblique, angled near costa and outwardly edged with whitish ;
there is a semihyaline spot on costa extending to angle of
second line and intersected by nervule ; discal spot black :
secondaries have an incomplete waved central blackish band,
a faint discal spot, and a dusky cloud at anal angle. Under
surface light brown ; primaries marked as above, but the
transverse lines are finer and the second is followed by some
blackish dots on the neuration, instead of being edged with
whitish : secondaries freckled with brownish grey ; transverse
band extends only to discal spot, and there are indications of
a submarginal line.

Expanse 40 millim.

One female specimen from Che-tou, July.

Hob. Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 223

Genus PACHYLIGIA.

(Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) i. p. 442 (1878).)

Pachyligia dolosa.

Pachyligia dolosa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 442 (1878) •
IU. Typ. Lep. Het. p. 60, pi. liii. tig. 5 (1879).

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Pachyligia modes ta.

Pachyligia modesta,B\itL Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) i. p. 443 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 50, pi. liii. fig. 6 (1879).
$ . Cymatophora tristis, Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 652, pi. xxxii.
fig. 8.

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

There were two females of this species among Fryer's
unidentified insects ; one of these I erroneously described as
a distinct species under the name Cymatophora tristis.

Some of the specimens are unicolorous, others have a
darker central band.

Hob. Japan.

Genus ZETHENIA.
(Motsch. Etud. Ent. p. 34 (I860).)

Zethenia rufescentaria.

Zethenia rufescentaria, Motsch. Etud. Ent. p. 35 (1860).

Zettienia rufescentaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 102.

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I captured examples of the type form at Gensan, and my
native collector obtained the species at Hakodate in June.

There are two distinct colour-forms of this species j one is
of the typical brownish, the ether is pale whitish grey, with
space between the inner and outer lines filled in with blackish.
I took specimens of this form, for which I propose the varietal
name grisearia, at Nagasaki in May and Fushiki in July.
There was one example of this form in Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan, Yesso, Kiushiu, and Corea.

Zethenia contiguaria, sp. n.

Somewhat similar in appearance to Z. rufescentaria, Motsch.,
but darker in colour. The first line of primaries is angulated
below the costa j the wavy second line is dotted with black on
the neuration as in Z. rufescentaria^ but it is inwardly edged

16*

224 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

with whitish towards inner margin and is preceded and
followed by a diffuse fuscous-brown transverse band ; discal
spot black : secondaries have a black discal spot and a wavy
blackish transverse line, the latter preceded and followed by
fuscous-brown bands as on primaries. Underside paler,
markings very similar to those of upper surface.

Expanse 42-44 millim.

Several specimens from Ichang, Chang-yang, Moupin,
Omei-shan, Chia-ting-fu, and the province of Kwei-chow :
July.

Nab. Central and Western China.

Zethenia albonotaria.

Selenia albonotaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 73, pi. vi. fig. 16 (1864).
Zettienia albonotaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 102.

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I obtained the species at Nagasaki, Ningpo, and in Sat-
sumain April and May. My native collector captured examples
at Hakodate in June.

One of the specimens from Ningpo and one from Nagasaki
seem to agree with consociaria^ Christ.

Distribution. E.Siberia; Japan; Yesso; Kiushiu; North
China.

Genus SELENIOPSIS.
(Warr. Novit. Zool. i. p. 462 (1894).)

Seleniopsis evanescens.

Endropia evanescens, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 404.
Seleniopsis evanescens, Warr. Novit. Zool. i. p. 462.

There were specimens from Yokohama, Ohoyama, and
Nikko in Fryer's collection. I captured the species at Hako-
date in August, and my native collector took it in the island
of Kiushiu.

Hab. Japan, Yesso, and Kiushiu.

Seleniopsis grisearia^ sp. n.

Greyish white. Frimaries powdered with darker grey ;
discoidal spot black, linear ; beyond this, on the costa, is an
almost white spot followed by a small blackish cloud : second-
aries powdered with darker grey on abdominal margin,
especially towards anal angle, where there are traces of two
dark transverse lines. Fringes dark grey, spotted with blackish

from China, Japan, and Corea. 225

at the ends of the nervules. Under surface brownish grey,
tinged with violet ; outer margin of primaries bordered witli
violet-grey, costal area striated and powdered with brown,
discoidal and costal spots as above, but the latter is surrounded
with black ; secondaries are freckled with brownish and clouded
with violet-grey below the black linear discoidal spot ; above
the anal angle there is a short whitish diffuse line, edged
inwardly with violet-grey.

Expanse 38 millim.

One male specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Closely allied to S. evanescens, ButL, and perhaps only a
local form of that species.

Genus ANONYCHIA.

(Warr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 412.)

Anonychia grisea.

Nadagra grisea, Butl. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 172.
Onychia grisea, Swinhoe and Cotes, Moths of India, p. 574 (1887).
Anonychia grisea, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 178 (1895).

I have specimens from Moupin, Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong,
Wa-ssu-kow, taken in June and July.

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikkim ; Khdsis (Hamp-
son) ; Western China.

Anonychia latifasciaria, sp. n.

Allied to A. grisea^ Butl. Primaries greyish, powdered
and freckled with brownish ; the central band, which is inter-
sected by a blackish sinuous line, is broad and darker, espe-
cially towards the edges; the inner edge of the band is
curved about the middle ; submarginal line diffuse, pale,
wavy : secondaries fuscous grey, with a blackish, central,
slightly curved line. Under surface fuscous grey ; costa
yellowish, freckled with black ; the primaries have a blackish
discal spot and a series of spots on the neuration beyond ;
secondaries are much freckled and have a discal spot and a
series of spots as on primaries. Fringes grey, darker at their
base and marked with blackish at extremities of the nervules.

Expanse 32 millim.

Occurs at Omei-shan, Pu-tsu-fong, Ni-tou; I have one
male specimen from each locality : July.

Hob. Western China.

226 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

AnonycMa prceditaria, sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 4.)

Light brown. Basal half of primaries suffused with fuli-
ginous and coarsely striated with blackish ; there is a wavy
blackish subbasal line and a curved one beyond, the latter
increases in width towards costa, where it is almost black ;
limiting the basal half of the wing is a broad fuliginous
undulated band, the outer edge of which is outlined with
whitish and has an obtuse projection above its centre ; there
is a short transverse blackish streak from the costa before
apex, and the outer margin is suffused with fuliginous.
Secondaries have the basal two thirds suffused with blackish
and limited by a pale line, which has a small bidentate pro-
jection about the middle; beyond this there is a series of dusky
dots. All the wings have a blackish discal spot. Fringes
of the ground-colour, chequered with darker. Under surface
light brown, with a pinkish tint : primaries have a second
line and the broad band of upper surface reproduced.
Secondaries have the basal two-thirds limited by a series
of black dots, and striated and freckled with blackish.

Expanse 42 millim.

One example of each sex from Moupin, and two males from
Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to A. mendica, Butl.

Anonychia anomala.
Cidaria (?) anomala, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1881, p. 425.

Butler states that this appears to be a tolerably common
species at Tokio. It was not represented in Pryer's col-
lection, neither did I meet with it in any part of Japan that
I visited.

I have a specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in June or
July, which seems to be referable to this species, but the
markings on primaries are more pronounced.

Distribution. Japan ; Western China.

Anonychia mendica.
Cidaria mendica, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 446 (1879).

There were four specimens from Nikko and Ohoyama in
Pryer's collection. I took one example at Hakodate in
August, and Mr. Smith one at Hakone in the same month.
I have also received a male from Chang-yang.

In the Chinese specimen the outer edge of central fascia is
bolder in outline.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Central China.

from China, Japan , and Corea. 227

Genus EURYMENE.
(Dup. Cat. L<5p. Eur. p. 220 (1844).)

Eurymene dolabraria.

Phal. Geometra dolabraria, Linn. Syst. Nat. xii. 861.

Geometra dolabraria, Esp. pi. 15. figs. 1, 2 ; Hiibn. Geom. fig. 42.

Eurymene dolabraria, Dup. L6p. vii. pi. 348. fig. 6; Guen. Phal. i.

p. 145.
Metrocampa dolabraria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 112.

There were four very typical specimens from Yesso in
Fryer's collection.

Distribution. Europe; Yesso.

Eurymene subpurpuraria, sp. n.

Pale brown. Primaries tinged with violet on the central
and basal areas ; there are three more or less quadrate
marks on the costa, and there are some black dots on the
third median nervule, at end of cell, and on nervule above.
Secondaries have a blackish central band, but this is only
distinct towards abdominal margin ; there are some black
dots as on primaries : all the wings have an indistinct
blackish discal spot. Fringes pale brown chequered with
slightly darker brown. Under surface : primaries buff,
clouded, except on apical area, with reddish brown, and suf-
fused with violet-grey; the costa is marked with reddish
brown and whitish ; secondaries clouded with brownish and
blackish, the latter confined to the anal and central areas ; a
blackish discal spot on all the wings.

Expanse 50 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Genus PRIONIA.

(Hiibn. Zutr. iv. p. 40 : Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iii. p. 175 (1895).)

Prionia paupera.

Osicerda paupera, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 418.
A nice series in Pryer's collection, taken at Gifu and
Oiwake.

Bab. Japan.

228 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Prioma rosearia.
Prionia rosearia, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 56 (May 1891).

I obtained six specimens, including both sexes, in the
Snowy valley, Ningpo, April.

The first of the central lines is not always clearly defined
in some specimens.

There is an un-named example of this species, labelled
" Chekiang," in the National Collection.

Hal. North China.

Genus HETEROLOCHA.

(Led. Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, iii. p. 207 (1853) ; Hampson,
Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 179 (1895).)

Heterolocha falconaria.

Aspilates falconaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het., Suppl. v. p. 1665 (1866).
Heterolocha falconaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.. Moths, iii. p. 179
(1895).

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong and one female
from Che-tou, July.

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas, Sikhim, Punjab (Hamp-
son) ; Western China.

Heterolocha latifasciaria, sp. n.

Closely allied to H. subroseata, but the outer margin of
secondaries is rounder in contour. The oblique band of
primaries is marked towards costa with dusky spots, as in
H. falconaria, Walk., but there is no apical spot as in
H. apiciaria, and the band of secondaries is broader and
more distinctly purple towards abdominal margin. The
markings on under surface are purplish, with a slight grey
tinge.

Expanse 32-34 millim.

Two male specimens from Ichang and one female from
Chang-yang, June and July.

Hab. Central China.
<

Heterolocha subroseata.

Heterolocha subroseata, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 449 (1894).

A long series from Chang-yang, Moupin, Omei-shan, and
the Province of Kwei-chow, June and July.

In some specimens the upper surface is more or less irro-
rated with fuscous, especially on the outer marginal area.

from Chincij Japan, and Corea. 229

The markings are subject to modification as regards deve-
lopment : sometimes the basal patch of primaries is only
indicated by a fuscous spot on costa, and the oblique trans-
verse band is entirely absent ; in these specimens, however,
the purple patch on inner margin remains. In other
examples the oblique band is well defined, but the marginal
patch is eliminated.

Expanse ranges from 31-41 millim.

Distribution. Japan ( Warren ) ; Central and Western
China.

Heterolocha stulta.
Hyperythra stulta, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 370 (1879).

A fine series from Ohoyama and Oiwake in Fryer's col-
lection.

Varies in the intensity and definition of markings.
Hob. Japan.

Heterolocha notata.
Heterolocha stulta, var. notata, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 449 (1894).

Male. — Primaries straw-colour, irrorated, especially on the
costal and outer marginal areas, with fuscous ; basal patch,
a band before the discal spot, and one beyond pinkish, the
latter attenuated towards costa, and followed by a pink-
tinged fuscous transverse cloud. Secondaries straw-colour,
paler towards costa and irrorated with fuscous ; beyond the
dusky discal spot there is a pinkish band, which does not
reach the costa ; a transverse pink-tinged fuscous band
before outer margin. Under surface : primaries yellowish,
irrorated with pinkish grey, whitish on inner marginal area.
Secondaries whitish, irrorated with pinkish grey, yellowish
on costal area ; the transverse markings of upperside are
reproduced but are not distinct.

Female. — Kather paler in colour.

Expanse 30-32 millim.

A number of male specimens from Chang-yang and Ichang,
chiefly from the first-named locality, whence four females
were also received, June.

Varies considerably in the intensity of the pinkish mark-
ings. In some examples these are very pronounced, whilst
in others they are, to a greater or lesser extent, obsolescent.
In one or two specimens the primaries are tinged with
brownish.

Distribution. Japan (Warren) ; Central China.

230 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Heterolocha fuscofasciaria,) sp. n.

Whitish, irrorated with fuscous. Costal area of primaries
suffused with brownish, and the basal area with fuscous grey ;
annular discal spot and oblique band fuscous grey, the latter
commencing before the apex. Secondaries have a fuscous-
grey central band. Fringes agree in colour with the bands.
Under surface similar to above.

Expanse 26 millim.

One male specimen from Ichang, April.

Hob. Central China.

Nearly allied to H. notata.

HeterolocJia aristonaria.

Hyperythra (?) aristonaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xx. p. 130 (1860).
Hyperythra niphonica, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 46, pi. xxxv.
fig. 2 (1878).

There was a nice series of both forms in Fryer's collection.
I have also received examples of the typical form from
Ichang and Chang-yang, and from the Province of Kwei-
chow.

At Nagasaki I took the species in May, and afterwards
met with it at Gensan in June, at Tsuruga in July, and at
Hakodate in August.

This species is closely allied to, if it is not identical with,
H. laminaria, Herr.-Sch., from Armenia.

Niphonica, Butl., cannot be specifically separated from
aristonaria , Walk. Some of the specimens from Japan have
the yellow colour of aristonaria, but the outer portion of all
the wings, beyond the second line, is grey, as in niphonica \
in other examples the marginal area is purplish red.

The males vary in size from 20 to 35 millim.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Corea ; North, Western, and
Central China.

Heterolocha rosearia, sp. n.

Yellow. Primaries pale pinkish on basal area, there is a
tapered band of the same colour on the lower portion of
outer marginal area; the costa is finely dotted and marked
with black, and there is a pinkish apical spot edged
inwardly with blackish. Secondaries have an ill-defined
pale pinkish subbasal band, and the outer margin is broadly
bordered with pale pinkish, except at outer angle; both this
and the band on primaries inwardly edged with dusky.

from Chinaj Japan, and Corea. 231

Under surface bright yellow : primaries have the inner
margin whitish ; a purplish-red dash at base of costa, a sub-
basal cloud, a spot at apex, and a cloud on inner margin near
angle : secondaries have a subbasal band and a broad central
one; the latter, and also the cloud on inner margin of
primaries, suffused with greyish. All the wings have a
discal spot of the same colour as the other markings.

Expanse 26 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, July.

Hob. Central China.

Closely allied to H. aristonaria.

Heterolocha marginaria, sp. n.

Sordid yellow, irrorated with purplish fuscous, especially
on secondaries. Primaries have a pale purplish basal patch,
and a border on outer margin of the same colour, the latter
tapers towards apex and has a brownish circular patch on it
at inner margin ; discal spot dusky, indistinct. Secondaries
have a purplish discal spot and central band. Under surface
yellow, irrorated and mottled with fuscous mixed with
purplish red : primaries have an outwardly diffuse oblique
band from apex, an annular discal spot, and an irregular-
shaped subbasal patch, all purplish red; secondaries have a
purplish-red discal spot and central band.

Expanse 34 millim.

One male specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Heterolocha quadraria, sp. n.
(PI. VI. fig. 8.)

Primaries olive-yellow, traversed by two blackish lines,
each commencing in a black, more or less quadrate, spot on
the costa, the first is almost straight and the second is twice
angled below costa, thence obliquely wavy and edged out-
wardly with whitish to inner margin, where it expands into
a blotch. Secondaries yellowish, freckled with violet-grey
and traversed by a band of the same colour ; the abdominal
margin and anal angle are tinged with olive-yellow. Fringes
of primaries concolorous, except towards apex, where they
are dark ; fringes of secondaries violet-grey, except at anal
angle, where they are yellowish green. Under surface
brownish : primaries suffused with fuscous ; costal and outer
marginal areas clouded with yellow ; there are two diffuse
dusky bands, corresponding in position with the lines of

232 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

upper surface : secondaries clouded with ferruginous, except
on abdominal margin, and traversed by a dusky band. All
the wings have a blackish discal spot on both surfaces.
Head and thorax concolorous with primaries j abdomen
agrees with secondaries above.

Expanse 32 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June. Three male
specimens, Chang -yang, Pu-tsu-fong, Che-tou : July.
McArthur took a specimen at Narkundah in April.

Distribution. Central and Western China; North-west
Himalayas.

Heterolocha patalata.

Heterolocha patalata, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 132. figs. 9, 9 a (1874) ;
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 180 (1895).

Two male specimens received from Ta-chien-lu, June.
Distribution. Rampur ; Kha*sis ( Hampson ) ; Western
China.

Heterolocha phcenicotceniata.

Aspilates phcenicoteeniata, Koll. Hug. Kascli. iv. p. 487 (1848).
Heterolocha phoenico-tesniata, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 133. tigs. 6, 6 a
(1874) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. 179 (1895).

One example from Japan in Pryer's collection.
Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ( Hampson ) ; Japan
(Pryer).

Heterolocha grata.

Epione grata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 369 (1879).
Gynopteryx lapidea, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 403.

There were a number of specimens from Oiwake and Gifu
in Pryer's collection, and amongst them examples of the
larger and rather purplish-grey form lapidea , Butl.

Hob. Japan.

Genus VENILIA.

(Dup. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 180 (1895).)

Venilia triangulum.

Caustoloma triangulum, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xi. p. 32, pi. ii. fig. 5
(1886).

Oberthiir does not refer to the sex of his type. I have a

from China, Japan , and Gorea. 233

series from Ta-chien-lu, where the specimens were taken in
May and June. The sexes do not differ either in colour or
marking.

Hob. Western China.

Venilia Oberthuri.
? Caustoloma oberthiiri, Alph. Iris, viii. p. 201 (1895).

A nice series, including both sexes, from Ta-chien-lu,
Pu-tsu-fong, and How-kow : June and July.
Hob. Western China and Thibet.

Venilia flavaria* sp. n.
(PL VI. fig. 12.)

Similar to V. triangulum, Oberth., but the ground-colour
is darker yellow, especially on secondaries; the brown
marking on primaries is not continued along the inner
margin to base ; the band on secondaries is more pronounced
and is continued as a short broadish streak along the abdo-
minal margin. The dark costal border is uniformly straight,
and not inwardly expanded about the middle as in V. tri-
angulum.

One example of each sex from Chow-pin-sa, and a male
from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Venilia lozonaria.

Caustoloma lozonaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 24, pi. iv. fig. 57.
A series received from Pu-tsu-fong, Che-tou, Omei-shan,
Ta-chien-lu : June, July, and August.
Hob. Western China.

Venilia (?) invenustaria, sp. n.

Whity brown, faintly striated with pale ferruginous on
both surfaces.

Expanse 30 millim.

One female specimen taken by myself at Gensan in June.

Hob. Corea.

Genus LOZOGRAMMA.
(Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 258 (1829).)

Lozogramma petraria.

Geometra petraria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 113 ; Esp. v. pi. 49. fig. 1.
Lozogramma petr aria, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent,, Haust. iii. p. 259.

234 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Panapra petraria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 132.

Pseudopanthera petraria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 117.

Several specimens from Oiwake, Gifu, Nikko, and Yesso
in Fryer's collection. A few examples were taken by my
native collector at Hakodate and in the island of Kiushiu in
June and July, and I have also received specimens from
Ichang, Chang-yang, and (Jhia-ting-fu, where they were taken
in June.

Distribution. Europe; Armenia; Amur; Japan; Yesso;
Central and Western China.

Genus LOXASPILATES.
(Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 413.)

Loxaspilates obliquaria.

Aspilates obliquaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 649.
Loxaspilates obliquaria. Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 181

(1895).
Eusarca subfalcata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 312, pi. 7.

figs. 14, 14 a.

I received specimens of this exceedingly variable species
from Moupin, Omei-shan, Pu-tsu-fong, Ta-chien-lu, and
from How-kow. Poujade records a female specimen from
Moupin.

Distribution. Afghanistan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim
(Hampson) ; Western China ; Thibet.

Loxaspilates straminearia, sp. n.

Primaries pale straw-colour, sparsely irrorated with brown-
ish ; there are indications of two brownish transverse lines
(one on each side of the blackish discal dot), most distinct
towards costa and inner margin ; submarginal line wavy,
but indistinct, and marked with blackish above the middle ;
fringes of the ground-colour, preceded by a series of blackish
dots. Secondaries whitish, with a brownish patch rather
below the middle of abdominal margin, and a smaller one
near anal angle ; fringes as on primaries. Under surface
pale straw-colour : primaries have the basal half of the costal
area suffused with fuscous and irrorated with the same colour
beyond ; there is an oblique fuscous transverse line marked
with black on the costa, and the discal spot is blackish :
secondaries sparsely irrorated with fuscous ; the discal spot

from China, Japan, and Corea. 235

is blackish and there are two fuscous bands beyond, both
becoming indistinct towards costa.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from the summit of Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Loxaspilates nigromacularia, sp. n.

Whitish, sparsely irrorated with blackish on primaries and
fuscous on secondaries. Primaries have two black trans-
verse lines : the first is biangulate, and the second inwardly
dentate and bordered outwardly with olivaceous brown ;
there is a rather large black discal spot; the submarginal
line is indicated by a short black dash from costa, a > -shaped
mark just below, and a similar mark towards inner margin.
Secondaries have a blackish discal dot and dusky central
band, the latter becoming indistinct towards costa. Fringes
of the ground-colour, preceded on primaries by a series of
black lunules. Under surface whitish : primaries suffused
with fuliginous on basal two-thirds, markings of upper surface
reproduced in dusky.

Expanse 34 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Loxaspilates (?) trilinearia, sp. n.

Primaries brown, with three silvery-white transverse lines
each inwardly edged with dark brown ; the first line is
slightly oblique, the second is curved and recurved, and the
third is biangulate j discal dot blackish. Secondaries
whitish, irrorated and lined with brownish on abdominal
margin, and suffused with the same colour towards outer
margin ; discal dot blackish. Fringes brown, rather paler on
secondaries. Under surface whitish, sparingly irrorated with
brownish, and tinged with the same colour on costal and
outer marginal areas of primaries ; all the wings have a
blackish discal dot ; the transverse lines of primaries are
faintly reproduced and the secondaries have a dark brown
submarginal band.

Expanse 34 millim.

One female specimen from Wa-shan, June.

Hob. Western China.

[To be continued.]

236 Bibliographical Notices.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Pub-
lished under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in
Council. Edited by W. T. BLANFORD. — Moths. Vol. IV. By
Sir G. P. HAMPSON, Bart.

THE present volume completes Sir George Hampson's revision of
Indian Moths, the Tortrices, Tineina, and Plume-moths being alone
excepted. It comprises an account of the species which represent
the largo family Pyralidse in India, Ceylon, and Burma ; and con-
cludes with an Appendix of addenda and corrigenda, bringing the
previous volumes up to date.

At one time the family Pyralidae was represented by a group of
so-called " mother-of-pearl " moths which constituted a mere fraction
of the supposed tribe Pyralites, whilst other groups, popularly known
as " grass-moths " or " honey-moths," were separated as families of
the tribe Crambites. Now the whole of these insects are very
properly merged into one family, all those previously recognized
families which had been distinguished by good structural characters
taking their places as subfamilies. Of the more typical Pyralidae
many are of remarkable beauty, whilst a great number are of con-
siderable interest on account of the almost endless modifications of
their various organs, together with the development, sometimes on one
part and sometimes on another of their structure, of tufts or brushes
of hair, patches of thickened scales, or clear impressed patches, most
of these characters appearing to be confined chiefly, if not solely, to
the males. Now, although all these secondary sexual characters
are very entertaining to the student, they need examining with the
greatest attention, inasmuch as not a few of the species scarcely
differ one from the other excepting in the position or the colour of
some insignificant pencil of hair on a leg or wing ; and, seeing that
Sir George Hampson has conscientiously and methodically studied
each family, genus, and species, not only in general structure, but
having a due regard to these peculiarities, it is a mystery how he
can have produced the present volume so quickly after the publica-
tion of Volume III.

It must be remembered that most of the Pyralidae are very small
moths of somewhat complex structure, and, owing to the delicate
texture of their wings, it is frequently by no means easy to examine
the neuration ; the use of benzine, to render the wing temporarily
transparent, often causes it to fold or curl over in such a manner
as to make a study of the veins impossible. If the species be a
common one, a specimen (from no special locality) may be sacri-
ficed, the wings being cleared of scales and mounted ; but in the case
of the rarer species the most careful study through a platyscopic
lens is necessary.

Bibliographical Notices. 237

Perhaps I am mistaken, but it has struck me in running through
this volume that this very necessity for close examination into
minute details in working out the species of PyralidaB has had what
most lepidopterists will consider a beneficent effect, in reducing the
long strings of synonyms which are met with continually in the
earlier volumes of the Moths. In Volume IV. they appear chiefly
in the boldly marked groups, such as Nymphula in the Hydro-
campinae. However, in a work which will be an undoubted boon,
not only to all collectors in the East, but to all living lepidopterists,
it is hardly fair to criticize the author's views respecting the limits
of species : if he concludes that the species of certain genera are
subject to unlimited variation combined with very extensive geogra-
phical distribution, he has, by his unwearied industry, earned a full
right to his opinions.

Taken as a whole, the four volumes of the Moths of India have,
without question, been worked out in so masterly a manner and
are so infinitely superior as text-books of families and genera to
anything previously produced, that they must necessarily give a
great impetus to the study of Heterocerous Lepidoptera.

A. G. BUTLEK.

The Parasitic Diseases of Poultry. By PEED. V. THEOBALD, M.A.,
F.E.S. London : Giirney & Jackson, 1896. Pp. xv & 120.

THIS little book should prove useful not only to poultry-rearers
but also to the scientist and veterinarian. It opens with an
introductory chapter on parasites and parasitism in general, at the
conclusion of which the author rightly insists on the importance
of cleanliness and healthy surroundings for poultry — items too
much neglected by the majority of poultry-keepers. Por the
purpose of description, the Parasites are divided into Animal and
Vegetable ; and the Animal Parasites are subdivided into (1)
Protozoan Parasites, (2) Insect Parasites (fleas, lice, &c.), (3) Mite
Parasites, and (4) Worm Parasites. These are again divided into
their natural groups, and under each group the symptoms and
appearances of the diseases, the parasites producing them, with their
life-histories and mode of distribution, and the means of prevention
and treatment, are fully dealt with. The last should be very
valuable, especially as it is the outcome of the author's own
experience ; it would have been better, however, to have used the
term " lime-washed " throughout, instead of, in most instances, the
somewhat loose one, " whitewashed."

Commencing with Diphtheritic Roup, the opinion is expressed
that though there may be three varieties of this affection, it is
generally protozoan in nature. Its extreme contagiousness is
certainly against this view, and such authorities as Cornil and
Babes and Loffler favour the bacterial theory of its origin. On
page 6 " Cornet " is evidently a misprint for " Cornil."

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 17

238 Geological Society.

Passing to the Vegetable Parasites, the author does not seem to
be so much at home as with the Animal. They are divided in
rather a curious way, viz. : (1) the Dermatophytes, or cutaneous
parasites, (2) the Perisporiaceae or " Moulds," and (3) the Saccharo-
mycetes. An Aspergillus is described as " formed of thin colourless
filaments forming a matted layer or thallus, and a looser mass above,
the so-called aerial mycelium." By the inoculation of the spores
of A. fumigatus it is stated that" tuberculosis of the liver and lungs
takes place.'*' Although the next sentence renders the author's
meaning clear, it is to be regretted that the term *' tuberculosis."
which is now applied only to a specific disease, should be used in
an anatomical sense. The bacterial diseases are not described, as
the author considers that they should be separately dealt with.
Two appendices (one a complete list of the parasites attacking
Gallus domesticus, the other a bibliography) and a good index
complete the volume, which is illustrated with many capital wood-
cuts.

In spite of the blemishes mentioned above, the work supplies a
distinct want and will prove a useful guide to the recognition and
treatment of the parasitic diseases of poultry.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

December 2, 1896.— Dr. Henry Hicks, F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read : —

1. ' On the Affinities of the Echinothurida?, and on Pedinothuria
and Elikodiadema, two new Subgenera of Echinoidea/ By J. W.
Gregory, D.Sc., F.G.S.

The Author summarizes and discusses the literature bearing upon
the Echinothuridae, and brings forward arguments to prove that the
family is a member of the order Diademoidea, arid is derived from
the Pedinid», members of which are found in earlier rocks than the
Corallian, which contains the oldest member of the Echinothuridae,
namely, Pelanechinus. He maintains that the extreme flexibility
and loose articulation of the plates of the living genera Asthenosoma
and Phormcsoma is due to the diminished calcification of the plates,
and that these recent genera are extremely specialized forms, and
not primitive, — the apparently primitive features of the family being
secondarily acquired, not primaeval.

A description is given of forms belonging to two new genera,
described as Pedinothuria — a connecting-link between the PedinidaB
and Echinothuridae ; and Elikodiadema — which has a flexible test, is

Miscellaneous, 239

a modified form of Pseudodiadema, and has probably arisen from the
adoption of a deep-sea life resulting in diminished calcification of
the test.

2. ' On Echinocystis and Palceodiscus, two Silurian Genera of
Echinoidea.' By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc., F.G.S.

The Author gives a history of the genera Echinocystis, Salter,
and Palceodiscus, Wyv. Thorns., redescribes their structures, and
discusses their affinities. He concludes that Echinocystis is an
echinid and not a cystid ; and that Palceodiscus is an echinid and
not an asterid. In order to prevent confusion, he suggests the
name Scolocystis for a true cystid which was described by Hall as
Echinocystis, some years after the latter name had been applied by
Wyville Thomson to the fcssil now concluded to be an echinid ; and
also suggests the name of Discocystis for the form named Echino-
discus by Worthen and Miiller.

In discussing the affinities of Echinocystis, Wyv. Thorns., the two
latest diagnoses of the Cystoidea (those of Prof, von Zittel and Prof.
Haeckel) are considered, and it is contended that they do not enable
us to draw any sharp line of distinction between cystids and
echinids.

It is shown that the masticatory apparatus of Palceodiscus and
Echinocystis explain the origin of that structure in gnathostomate
echinids ; and furthermore, it is suggested that Echinocystis renders
probable the homology of the so-called 4 calycinal plates' of the
Echinoidea with the plates of the valvular pyramid of the Cystoidea,
and not with the calyx-plates.

The Author gives synopses of the order Cystocidaroidea of Prof,
von Zittel, and of its two families, Palaeodiscidse and Echinocystidae.

MISCELLANEOUS.

To the Editors of the '•Annals and Magazine of Natural History.'

The Generic Name of the River Crayfish.

GENTLEMEN, — It is unnecessary for me to reply to the Rev. Mr.
Stebbing at any length.

(i.) Reference to vol. xi. of the Trans. Linn. Soc. will confirm the
accuracy of my remark as to Leach's treatment of Astacus and
Nephrops. I am surprised at Mr. Stebbing supposing that I cited
an anonymous article of uncertain date.

(ii.) Mr. Stebbing appears to be unaware of rule 2 of the rules
proposed by the British Association for zoological nomenclature.
What is there said of Brisson applies literally to Gronovius, and
the genera of the one author are as good as those of the other.

(iii.) Does not Mr. Stebbing know that 1758 has been well called
by the most eminent of the exponents of the zoological works of

240 Miscellaneous.

Linnaeus " the zoological ab urbe condita of binominal chronology " ?
and that before 1890.

(iv.) If Desmarest had not said that Leach's Potamobius was a
river-crab one might have ascribed Potamobius apud Samouelle to
Leach : but as it is, Samouelle must take the responsibility for his
ill-advised method of using Leach's MSS.

(v.) Mr. Stebbing has no right to lead us to suppose that Pota-
mobius was not preoccupied ; he shows himself to be incapable of
recognizing the name when it is absolutely forced under his eyes,
for he says of Desmarest that he " would probably have accepted
Leach's Potamobius had he ever heard of it," and that after I had
quoted a sentence of Desmarest passing an opinion on the value of
that very name. So entranced has Mr. Stebbing been by the details
of my autobiography, that he has missed the kernel of my argument.

(vi.) How one text-book can copy another either peacefully or
otherwise I know not ; but. if Mr. Stebbing means to gibe at
Huxley, Milne-Edwards, Carus, Glaus, Gegenbaur, Hertwig, and
Boas, he has been guilty of an offence of which I hope he has already
repented.

I am, Gentlemen,

Your obedient Servant,

F. JEFFBEY BELL.

A Gigantic Cephcdopod on the Florida Coast.
By A. E. VERKILL.

Mr. R. P. Whitfield has forwarded to the writer the following
letter from Dr. Webb to Mr. J. A. Allen, dated St. Augustine, Fla.,
Dec. 8th, 1896 :—

" You may be interested to know of the body of an immense
Octopus thrown ashore some miles south of this city. Nothing but
the stumps of the tentacles remain, as it had evidently been dead
for some time before being washed ashore. As it is, however, the
body measures 18 feet in length by 10 feet in breadth. Its immense
size and condition will prevent all attempts at preservation. I
thought its size might interest you, as I do not know of the record
of one so large."

The proportions given above indicate that this may have been a
squid-like form, and not an Octopus. The " breadth " is evidently
that of the softened and collapsed body, and would represent an
actual maximum diameter in life of at least 7 feet, and a probable
weight of 4 to 5 tons for the body and head. These dimensions are
decidedly larger than those of any of the well- authenticated New-
foundland specimens. It is, perhaps, a species of Architeuthis.
Professor Steenstrup recorded many years ago a species of this
genus (A. dux}*, taken in 1855 in the West-Indian seas ; but his
example was much smaller than the one here recorded. — Amer.
Journ. Sci., January 1897, p. 79.

* See Trans. Connecticut Acad. vol. v. ; also Report U.S. Fish Com.
for 1879, p. 61, pi. xii. tig. 4.

On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, &e. 297

Appen dicu lar Skeleto n .

Resting upon the rim of chondrocranium which projects
behind the occipital border of the cranial shield is a single
pair of large supratemporal plates, each tapering towards the
middle line, and from beneath this shield there emerges
behind a pair of still larger post-temporal plates marked with
small pittings, apparently of the sensory canal-system, near
its outer border (Brit. Mus. no. P. 6908 a). There is nothing
worthy of remark in the imperfectly known pectoral arch
which these elements support, and the number of the pectoral
basals still remains to be discovered. There are, however,
several good portions of pectoral fins, and when viewed from
below these exhibit the slightly lobate form of the appendage
(e.g. no. P. 6908 c). The slender anterior fulcra seem to
have fused with the foremost ray, and this is hence remark-
ably stout ; at its upper end it exhibits a very large concave
articular facette. The hindermost rays of the fin are short
and excessively delicate. The pelvic bones are separate,
contracted mesially, and expanded at each end, and the small
pelvic fin is fringed with conspicuous slender biserial fulcra.
The fulcra on the median fins are also large, slender, and
biserial, and the tips of a few of the gradually lengthening
anterior rays of these fins are successively lost in the fulcral
series (no. P. 6909). At the base of these fins, it may be
added, the few fulcral scales are simple, not subdivided into
two halves.

Squamation.

The scales are very thin over the whole of the trunk and
only appear thickened on the atrophied upper caudal lobs
(no. P. 6909). Their exposed face is distinctly rhombic and
often punctate or partly striated, but chiefly marked by the
concentric lines of growth.

[To be continued.]

XXXI. — On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and
Corea. By JOHN HENRY LEECH, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.

[Continued from p. 235.]

Genus RUMIA.
(Dup. j Hanipson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii, p. 183 (1895).)

Rumia tridentifera.
Rumia tridentifera, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 30 (1887) ; Hampson, Fauna

Brit. Ind,, Moths, iii. p. 184 (1895).

Five male specimens and one female received from Ta-
chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, and How-kow: June. July, and August.

298 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera ffeterocera

In one example from Pu-tsu-fong the large spot is only
outlined in black, the interior being brownish ; in a specimen
from How-kow this spot is entirely reddish brown and
rather less in size than in the specimens from Western China*

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson) ; Western China and
Thibet.

Rumia trimacularia, sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 9.)

Male. — Pale yellow. Primaries have a reddish patch at
the base, an oblong one on costa extending to median ner-
vure and enclosing a lunule, and a square one at apex ; there
are two indistinct wavy transverse lines, the first com-
mencing in a reddish dot on costa, and the second from inner
edge of the apical patch. Secondaries have a blackish
central spot and narrow wavy band. Under surface yellow :
inner margin of primaries whitish and the costa tinged with
pinkish; there are two blackish transverse lines, but the
first one is nearer the base of the wing than on upperside ;
discal spot large, blackish ; apical spot reddish, but faint :
secondaries have a blackish central spot and submarginal
line. The central band of secondaries shows through on the
under surface, antNbe basal line on under surface of primaries
and the submarginal of secondaries are each more distinct than
on the upper surface.

Expanse 50-56 millim.

Female deeper yellow, apical patch of primaries absent.

Six male specimens and five females received from Moupin,
Che-tou, Pu-tsu-fong, Wa-ssu-kow, Ta-chien-lu, and How-
kow : July.

Hob. Western China and Thibet.

Rumia inornataria^ sp. n.

Sulphur-yellow. Primaries have an annulation at end
of cell and two transverse lines on outer marginal area.
Secondaries have a discal dot, a central band, and line
beyond. All these markings, with the exception of the central
band on primaries, are shadowy and indistinct. The costa
of primaries is narrowly tinged with pink, and the fringes
are slightly tinted with the same colour. Under surface :
primaries have a subbasal line, annulation at end of cell,
and a submarginal line, all rather clearer than above : second-
aries have a central and a submarginal line, but neither are
very distinct.

Expanse 50 millim.

One female specimen from Che-tou, July.

Hob. Western China.

from China, Japany and Corea. 299

Rumia sulphurea.

ia sulphured, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vi. p. 123 (18 >0) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 54, pi. cxiv. tig. 6 (1886) : Alph. Kom. sur
vi. p. 51 (1892).

Alpheraky records one female specimen from the Province
of Szechuen, taken in August.

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson) ; Western China (Alphe-
raky).

Genus CORYMICA.

(Walk. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 185 (1895).)
Corymica specularia.

Caprilia specularia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 649,

pi. xxxiii. fig. 11.
Thiopsyche Pryeii, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 393 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 29, pi. xlviii. fig. 2 (1879).
Corymica vitriyera, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vii. p. 101, pi. cxxxv.

fig. 14 (1889).
Corymica specularia, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 186

(1895).

Appears to be common in Central and Southern Japan ; it
also occurs at Gensan in Corea and at Chia-ting-fu, Moupin,
and Oraei-shan in Western China, and Chang-yang in Central
China.

Varies a good deal in depth of colour and also in definition
of marking.

The Chia-ting-fu specimen agrees with C. vitrigera,
Butl., which Hampson considers synonymous with C. specu-
laria.

Distribution. Dhannsala ; Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon
(Hampson) ; Japan ; China.

Corymica gensanaria.

Corymica gensanaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 56 (May 1896).
One female specimen from Gensan, taken in July.
Hob. Corea.

Genus ILICRINIA.

(Hiibn. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 186 (1893).)
Ilicrinia cordiaria.

Geometra cordiaria, Hiibn. Geom. pi. viii. fig. 41, pi. Ixvi. fig. 342.
Eilicrinia cordiaria, Hiibn. Verz. Schm. p. 287 ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 111.

Eilicrinia nuptaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 80, pi. vii. fig. 5.
Ilicrinia cordiaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit, Ind., Moths, iii. p. 186.

300 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Efeterocera

There were several examples of the nuptaria or pale yellow-
form of this species in Fryer's collection.

Distribution. South Europe ; Syria ; Kirghistan ; Amur ;
Japan ; Yesso ; Kulu.

Ilicrinia flava.

Noreiajlava, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 233, pi. viii. fig. 2 (1887).
. Ilicrinia flava, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Iiid., Moths, iii. p. 187 (1895).

There is a specimen in the National Collection from Che-
kiang.

Distribution. Eastern China ; Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas.

Genus SPILOPERA.

(Warr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 402.)
Spilopera debilis.

Heterolocha debilis, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 47, pi. xxxv. fig. 9

(1878).
Spilopera debilis, Warr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 402.

There was a series in Fryer's collection. I took the species
at Gensan in July, and 1 have received it from Hakodate.
Pratt met with it at Chang-yang in June and July.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Corea ; Central China.

Spilopera gracilis.

JSndropia ffracilis, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 371 (1879).

Paraclipsis ffracilis, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 463 (1894).

Spilopera gracilis, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 190 (1895).

Several specimens in Fryer's collection. I took examples
at Tsuruga and Gensan in July.

Hampson considers S. umbrata.j Warr., to be synonymous
with S. gracilis, Butl.

Distribution. Central and Southern Japan ; Corea ;
Kha"sis ; Assam.

Spilopera obliyuilinea.

Epione obliquilinea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 229 (1887).
Spilopera obliquilinea, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 192
(1895).

Five male specimens from Ichang and a female from
Moupin, June and July.

Distribution. Eastern Himalayas; Central and Western
China.

Spilopera angularia, sp. n.
Yellowish buff, suffused with brownish; outer, marginal

from China,) Japan, and Corea. 301

area of all the wings tinged with rosy ; a blackish-brown line
commencing one fifth from apex of primaries is acutely angu-
lated below apex and traverses both wings, terminating on
middle of the abdominal margin ; this line is inwardly shaded
with olive-brown and followed at its termination by a blackish
patch ; there is a brown annular discal spot on primaries.
Fringes brown. Under surface yellow, freckled with violet-
grey ; outer marginal area of all the wings clouded with rosy
and limited by a violet-grey band ; discal spot on primaries
as above.

Expanse 31 millim.

Two male specimens from Kia-ting-fu, June.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to Spilopera obltquiltnea, Moore.

Spilopera crenularia, sp. n.

Apex of primaries pointed, outer margin below apex
crenulate to obtuse angle at end of third median nervule ; outer
margin of secondaries crenulate, angled about the centre. Pale
ochreous, powdered with darker on outer marginal area.
Primaries have two transverse rufous lines, the first is angu-
lated below the costa, the second is parallel with outer
margin and is followed on apical area by an almost square
reddish patch with a rosy centre. Secondaries have an
oblique rufous central line and an undulated dusky one
beyond, but the latter is not clearly defined. Fringes pale
brown, marked with darker. Under surface similar to above,
but the outer line on primaries is broader and the outer one
on secondaries more distinct.

Expanse 32 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, August.

Hob. Central China.

Spilopera (?) roseimarginaria^ sp. n.

Pale ochreous, clouded with pinkish, especially on costal
and basal area of primaries; the basal area of primaries is
limited by a diffuse fuscous band, which is angulated below
costa ; median band also fuscous and diffuse ; outer marginal
area greenish fuscous, tinged with rosy, mottled with
blackish, and limited by a fuscous line obliquely angled below
costa. Secondaries have a blackish discal dot and an inter-
rupted diffuse central band ; outer marginal area rosy,
limited by a fuscous line, which is slightly incurved below
costa. Fringes fuscous brown. Under surface rather more

302 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

yellow, and the outer area of secondaries is not rosy, but
yellow, suffused inwardly with fuscous.

Expanse 40 millirn.

One male specimen from Chang-yang and an example of
each sex from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Spilopera ? divaricata.

Aaathia? divaricata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 250, pi. viii. fig. 15 (1887).
Spilopera ? divaricata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 192
(1895).

One male specimen from Omei-shan, July.
Distribution. Kha*sis; Western China.

Genus CRYPSICOMETA.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 463 (1894).)

Crypsicometa incertaria.

PJiasiane incertaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 49 (May 1891).

Phasiane incertaria, var. suffusa, Leech, /. c.

Crypsicometa incertaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 463(1894).

Several specimens of the type form from Yokohama (?) and
Gifu in Fryer's collection, as well as an example of suffusa
from each locality. Two examples of the var. suffusa were
taken by my native collector in Kiushiu, and I received one
female specimen of that form from Moupin, taken in July.

Distribution. Japan ; Kiushiu ; Western China.

Genus NADAGARA.

(Walk. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 193 (1895).)
Nadagara albovenaria, sp. n.

Pale brown, striated and freckled with blackish; neuration
whitish. Primaries have two whitish lines, both oblique;
the first is angled below the costa and outwardly edged with
dark brown ; the second is inwardly edged with blackish and
preceded by a dark brown suffusion ; there is a short oblique
blackish dash from apex; discal spot black. Secondaries
have a black discal spot and a whitish slightly curved line
inwardly edged as on primaries. Fringes pale brown, tra-
versed by a line of dark brown, chequered with dark brown
on the primaries, except below apex, where there is a blackish
spot, and preceded by a dark brown line. Under surface
whitish brown, irrorated with fuscous, except on abdominal

from China, Japan, and Corea. 303

margin of secondaries ; discal spot and outer line as on upper
surface.

Expanse 40 millim.

One example of each sex in Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Allied to N. vigaia. Walk.

Genus RHYNCHOBAPTA.

(Ilampson, Fauna Rrit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 194 (1895).)

Rhynchobapta cervinaria.

Noreia cervinaria, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 233 (1887).

Ekynfhobapta cervinaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 194

(1895).
Lozogramma (?) Ulineata, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 48 (May 1891).

. ^ There were several specimens from Gifu in Fryer's collec-
tion. I have also received examples from Ichang and Chang-
yang and from Omei-shan.

Distribution. Sikhim; Khtisis (Ilampson) ; Japan ; Central
and Western China.

Rhynchobapta punctilinearia.
Nadagra punctilinearia, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 55 (May 1891).

I obtained some specimens, including both sexes, at Naga-
saki in May, and my native collector also met with examples
in the island of Kiushiu.

[Tab. Kiushiu.

Rhynchobapta flaviceps.

Nadagara flaviceps, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 419.
Rhynchobapta flaviceps, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 195
(1895).

I obtained this species at Fushiki and Tsuruga in July and
at Nikko in September. Mr. Manley sent me specimens
from Yokohama, and I have received examples from Kiushiu,
where they were taken by a native collector.

It also occurs in June at Ichang and at Omei-shan in
July, but I have only one example from each of these
localities.

Distribution. Khdsis (Ilampson) ; Japan ; Central and
Western China.

Rhynchobapta flavicostaria, sp. n.

Leaden grey, without traces of transverse bands ; all the
wings have a black discal spot ; costa of primaries yellow ;

304 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

fringes yellow. Under surface as above, but fainter in
colour.

Expanse 27 millim.

One female specimen from Ichang, June.

Hob. Central China.

Genus LUXIARIA.
(Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 195 (1895).)

Luxiaria contigaria.

Acidalia ? contigaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxii. p. 754 (1861).

Acidalia inexactata, Walk. op. tit. xxiii. p. 770.

Acidalia tephrosaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 643.

Luxiaria fasciosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. ps 254 (1887).

Luxiaria contigaria, Hainpson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 195

(1895).
Bithia amasa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 405 (1878 ) ; 111.

Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 45, pi. Hi. fig. 4 (1879).

This species appears to be common in Western China, and
all the forms enumerated above are represented. There was
a series of ihefascwsa (amasa) form from Ohoyama in Fryer's
collection ; I obtained specimens of the same form at Tsuruga
and Gensan in July, and my collectors at Chang-yang and
in the island of Kiushiu.

Distribution. Dharmsa'la ; Sikhim ; Kha*sis ; Mahablesh-
war ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Sumatra ; Borneo (Hampson) •
Japan ; Kiushiu ; Corea ; Central and Western China.

consimilaria, sp. n.

Whitish, irrorated with greyish brown, most densely on
costal area of primaries ; there are three transverse pale
pinkish-brown bands on primaries, but the first two are
obscure, the third is fairly broad and extends from the apex
to middle of the inner margin ; this band is preceded by a
series of black dots originating on the costa about one fourth
from apex ; there are also indications of a wavy submarginal
line. Secondaries have three transverse bands ; the first of
these appears to be a continuation of the third on primaries ;
the second is fairly broad and is edged inwardly by a wavy
blackish line; submarginal line obscure. Fringes whity
brown, preceded by a thin blackish line, which is dotted with
black at the extremities of the nervules. Under surface
whitish, freckled with greyish brown on primaries, especially
on costal and basal areas ; all the wings have two transverse
, dusky bands and a blackish discal spot.

Jixpanse 35 millim.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 305

One male specimen from Moupin and one male and two
females from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Closely allied to L. obliguata^ Moore. Perhaps only a
local form of that species.

Genus KEANANDA.

(Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 648.)

Krananda semihyalina.

Krananda semihyalina, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 648;
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 199 (1895).

I met with this species at Nagasaki in May, and there were
a few specimens in Fryer's collection from Central Japan.

Distribution. Dalhousie ; Sikhim ; Kha*sis (Hampson) ;
Japan ; Kiushiu.

Krananda lucidaria, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 10.)

Basal two thirds of primaries and half of secondaries
diaphanous, clouded with brownish ; outer third of primaries
and half of secondaries clouded with purplish brown, except
on the outer margin of the latter.

Primaries have a velvety black subbasal band transversely
intersected by a pale sinuous line ; on the inner margin
towards the boundary of the diaphanous area there is a slightly
oblique velvety-black bar, this is twice interrupted; there are
some pale brown marks on costa before apex and on outer
margin below apex ; submarginal band sinuous, pale brown,
bordered inwardly with dusky, but suffused below the costal
portion. Secondaries irrorated with blackish ; a brown cloud
represents a diffuse oblique band terminating in a black
mark just before abdominal margin ; discal spot black ; sub-
marginal band pale, but not clearly defined. Under surface :
basal portion of the wings whity brown, outer portion (except
at apex of primaries and upper angle of secondaries) ferrugi-
nous brown, merging into ochreous on outer margin of second-
aries -j primaries have a ferruginous-brown crescent in the
cell, which meets an elbowed transverse line of the same
colour ; secondaries have a slightly curved subbasal band, also
ferruginous brown.

Expanse 58 millim.

One female specimen from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 22

306 Mr J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Krananda latimarginaria.

Krananda latimarginaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 56 (May 1891).
Trigonoptila latimarginaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 441 ( 1894).

There were specimens in Fryer's collection. I have also
received the species from Nikko and Gensan, July.
Distribution. Japan; Corea.

Krananda oliveomarginata.

Krananda olweomarginata, Swinh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv.
p. 139.

One specimen from Omei-shan, July.
Distribution. Kbasis ; Western China.

Genus ZANCLOPERA.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 441 (1894).)

Zandopera strammearia, sp. n.

Pale stramineous. Primaries have the base and costa
tinged with pale ferruginous, and there is a transverse band
of the same colour beyond the middle with some black dots
inside it towards inner margin ; this band is continued on the
secondaries. Under surface similar to above, but all the
wings have a black discal dot, and the transverse bands have
black dots on them.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, June.

Hob. Central China.

Genus MACARIA.

(Curtis ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 20] (1895).)

Macaria hebesata.

Macaria helesata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 931 ; Butl. 111. Typ.

Lep. Het. iii. pi. Iii. fig. 1.

Macaria sinicaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1650.
Macaria proditaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 81, pi. vii. fig. 7.
Macaria maligna, Butl. I. c. pi. Iii. fig. 3.
Macaria irrorata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 440.

I have an extensive series of this very variable species,
which was common in most of the localities in Japan that I
visited, with the exception of the island of Yesso, where I
did not see a specimen. Pryer, who had a fine series, seems
to have considered that irrorata was distinct from sinicariay
but in his ' Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Japan 7 he states,

from China, Japan , and Corea. 307

when referring to sinicaria, "hebesata I believe to be the
male, maligna the female." I must confess, however, that I
cannot satisfactorily separate the specimens in my series into
even two species. The series comprises examples agreeing
respectively with each of the named forms, and all these are
connected by intergrades ; so that it is not possible to parcel
them out into well-defined groups of varieties. It seems
most probable that hebesata is the Asiatic representative of
the European cestimaria.

Meyrick (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103) places
proditaria, Brem., in Opisthograptis.

Distribution. China ; Japan ; Corea ; Amur ; E. Siberia ;
N. India.

Macaria pervolgata.

Macaria pervolgata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 930 (1861) ; Hamp-
son, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 205 (1895).

Two female specimens from Chang-yang, June and August.
One male example from Chia-ting-fu, July, and three females
from the island of Kiushiu. In one female from Chang-yang
the ground-colour is suffused with pale brownish, the discal
spot is very minute, and there are no black spots beyond
the outer line of secondaries.

Distribution. Bengal; Poona (Hampson) ; Central and
Western China; Kiushiu.

Macaria defixaria.

Macaria defxaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 932 (1861).
Macaria zachera, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 405 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 45, pi. Iii. fig. 2 (1879).

A common species in Central and Southern Japan. I have
received it from Gensan and Ningpo. It also appears to be
common in Central and Western China, July.

Distribution. Japan; Yesso; Eastern, Central, and Western
China.

Macaria intermediaria, sp. n.

Allied to M. defxaria, Walk., but the ground-colour is more
suffused with brownish and the angulation of secondaries is
less pronounced ; the angle of third line of primaries is further
from outer margin, and below the angle the line is less
oblique. On the under surface the outer lines on both wings
are more broadly suffused with ochreous. The black spots
beyond the centre of transverse band are somewhat similar to
the same character in M. defixaria.

Expanse, 6 34, $ 39 millim.

uu

o08 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

One example of each sex from Wa-shan and two females
from Chia-ting-fu, July.
Hob. Western China.

Macaria cacularia.

Macaria cacularia. Oberth. Etud. d'Eatom. xv. p. 24. pi. iii. fig. 32
(1891).

Occurs at Chia-kou-ho, Chia-ting-fu, Huang- mu-chang :
July. I received specimens from each locality.
Hob. Western China.

Macaria monticolaria, sp. n.

Violet-grey. Primaries have three transverse lines ; the
first and second are elbowed below costa and near together,
but not well defined; the third has an upward angulation
below costa, bordered below the angle by a dusky shade and
on the costa by a diffuse bracket-shaped mark. Secondaries
have two transverse lines ; the first is faint, but the second is
double and well developed ; beyond the outermost there is a
deep black spot and some scales of the same colour indicating
a second spot. All the wings have a faint blackish discal
dot. Fringes pale, marked with darker at the extremities of
the nervules and shaded with darker towards costa of
primaries. Under surface whitish, coarsely speckled with
dark brown : there are two dark, almost blackish lines on
each wing ; the first is oblique, wavy, and the second oblique
and curved towards costa of secondaries ; beyond the second
line the outer margin is dark brown marked with ochreous,
and there are patches of the ground-colour at apex and
towards inner angle of primaries, and between the anal angle
and the middle of outer margin of secondaries.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from the summit of Omei-slian, July.

Hob. Western China,

Allied to M. intermediaria.

Macaria elongaria, sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 14.)

Apex of primaries obtusely produced ; outer margin of
secondaries crenulate, with a small angular projection about
the middle.

Whitish grey, powdered and clouded with brownish.
Primaries have three transverse oblique brown lines, com-
mencing as spots of the same colour on the costa ; the first is
elbowed below costa, the second has a slightly darker discal
spot on it ; the third is followed on the costa, below which it

from China, Japan, and Corea. 309>

is elbowed, by a rufous patch, and has a series of blackish
marks, intersected by a thin white line, on its outer edge
between the inner margin and the third median nervule ;
there is a brownish cloud below apex. Secondaries have
two brown lines ; the first is oblique, the second double,
curved, slightly wavy, and enclosing a pale line ; there are
a series of black specks indicating a submarginal line, and
the discal spot is black. Fringes pale at their base, darker
outwardly, and preceded by a brown line. Under surface
whitish, freckled with brownish, and tinged with ochreons on
costa of both wings ; brown transverse lines, except the first
of primaries, which is absent, darker and broader than above;
the outer one on each wing is followed by an outwardly
diffuse band, which does not reach the inner margin in either
case, and there are no black marks on that of primaries ; the
apical area beyond the outer line is brown, tipped with
whitish ; discal spot black.

Expanse 44 millim.

One male specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

On the under surface the markings approach those of
M. inter mediar ia.

Macaria proximaria.

Parasemia Pryeri, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 417 (nom.
praeoc.).

There was a tine series from Central Japan in Fryer's
collection. I met with the species at Nagasaki in May and
at Gensan in June. It also occurs in Central and Western
China in June and July.

Distribution. Japan ; Kiushiu ; Corea ; Central and
Western China.

Macaria shanghaisaria.

Macaria shanghaisaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 926 (1861).

Semiothisa (Macaria) graphata, Hederu. Horse Soc. Ent. Ross. xvi.
p. 51, pi. x. fig. 4(1881).

There were a few specimens in Fryer's collection. I cap-
tured the species at Tsuruga in July and at Hakodate in
August.

This species seems far more closely allied to M. alternata
than to M. notata, with which latter Hedemann compares his
graphata. I am inclined to think that it may be a local
form of the first-named, which occurs in Amurland.

Distribution. N.China; Japan; Yesso; Amur.

310 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Graphata, Hedem., is included in the genus Opisthograptis,
Hiibn., by Meyrick (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103).

Macaria Pryeri.
Macaria Pryeri, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. ^*8£-(1879).

There were specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in
Fryer's collection, and my native collector obtained a specimen
in the island of Kiushiu.

Hob. Japan and Kiushiu.

Macaria inter sectaria, sp. n.

Very near to M. temeraria, Swinh., but the second and
third transverse lines of primaries are not sinuous ; the latter
is double, enclosing a pale buff line, obtusely angled below
costa, and has a small black mark, intersected by the vena-
tion, above the middle ; between the first and second lines
there is a dusky diffuse band, which is continued on the
secondaries ; the submarginal white line commences at apex
and terminates just above inner angle ; it is slightly incurved
about the middle, and there is a whitish patch in this curve.
On the secondaries the white submarginal line terminates just
before anal angle ; there is a dusky band on central area,
tapering towards costa and marked with black dots on the
iieuration. Under surface very similar to that of M. teme-
raria, but the transverse lines are not wavy.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Hob. Western China.

Macaria temeraria.

Macaria temeraria, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 492 ;
Ilampson, Fauna Brit, lnd.; Moths, iii. p. 207 (1895).

I took specimens at Ning-po in April and at Nagasaki in
June, and I have received the species from Chang-yang,
where it was taken in July.

Distribution. Simla ; Khdsias ; Ndgas (Hampson) ; Kiu-
shiu ; Eastern and Central China.

Macaria ornataria, sp. n.

Pale brownish grey. Primaries have two interrupted
dusky transverse lines before the middle, each originating in
a brown spot on the costa ; beyond the middle is a blackish
fascia extending from costa to just below first median nervule,
interrupted by the venation and separated by a line of the

from China, Japan, and Corea. 311

ground-colour from a similarly interrupted blackish patch on
its lower outer edge ; between this fascia and the apex of the
wing there is a brown spot on the costa. Secondaries have
a dusky oblique line, which appears to be a continuation of
the second one of primaries ; beyond the blackish discal dot
there is a blackish patch, interrupted by the median nervules
and transversely by a slightly wavy line, which is dusky
above and below the patch, but appears to be of the ground-
colour in passing through it. Fringes pale at their base,
darker outwardly, and preceded by a dusky lunulated line.
Under surface fuscous, variegated with silvery white and
suffused with ferruginous on apical area of primaries and sub-
marginal area of secondaries ; the basal area of each wing
is also irrorated with silvery white.

Expanse 28 millim.

Two male specimens and two females from Moupin, July.

Hal. Western China.

Genus OPISTHOGRAPTIS.
(Hiibn. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 102 (part.).)

Opisthograptis semilutata.

Eiibolia semilutata, Led. Sib. Schmett. p. 29, pi. vi. fig. 3.
Opisthoyraptis semilutata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103,
Chcerod'es dictynna. Butl. 111. typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 45, pi. xxxv. fig. 7

(1878).
Synegia? Fentoni, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 412.

Occurs throughout Japan, and I met with it at Gensan and
at Ningpo. I have also received it from Chang-yang.

Distribution. Siberia; Japan; "Yesso; Kiushiu ; Corea;
Central China.

This species is exceedingly variable in colour, which ranges
from bright ochreous through brownish grey to bright reddish
brown ; the markings, however, are fairly constant.

Opisthograptis corearia.

Halia corearia, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 50 (May 1891).

I took two male specimens and one female in June and one
.example of each sex in July at Gensan. I have also two
males from Ichang. One of the male specimens from Gensan
is of a uniform brown colour on the upper surface, except
towards apex, where the ochreous yellow of the type form is
exhibited.

Distribution. Corea ; Central China.

Mr. J. ft. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus STRENIA.
(Dup. L6p. i. p. 112.)

Strenia clathrata.

Phal. Geometra clathrata, Linn. Svst. Nat. x. p. 524; Clerck, Icon.

pi. ii. fig. 11.

Geometra clathraria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 132.
Chiasmia clathrata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 295.
Strenia clathrata, Dup. Lep. viii. pi. ccvii. fig. 1 ; Guen. Phal. ii.

p. 112.
Opisthoyraptis clathrata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103.

I captured specimens at Hakodate, June and July, and at
Nemoro in August; there were also a few examples in
Fryer's collection from Yesso.

Distribution. Europe; Armenia; Altai; Amur; Japan;
Yesso.

Genus TEPHRINA.

(Dup. Cat. L6p. Eur. p. 246 (1844) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit.
Ind., Moths, iii. p. 219 (1895).)

Tephrina verecundaria, sp. n.

Brownish grey, with a slight violet tinge, irrorated with
fuscous. Basal area of primaries rather darker, limited by a
fuscous line, which is slightly angulated below costa; discal spot
black ; transverse line beyond the middle dark brown, curved
below costa ; the space between this line and the dusky waved
submarginal line, which is only distinct towards costa, is rilled
in with darker. Secondaries have a black discal spot and
dark brown central line, the latter bordered outwardly with
darker. Fringes of the ground-colour, preceded on the
primaries by a black dotted line and on secondaries by a
series of black lunules. Under surface whity brown, mottled
with fuscous on basal two thirds of primaries and half of
secondaries, and ochreous yellow on outer marginal area ; the
latter is limited by a fuscous line and traversed by a diffuse
fuscous band ; discal spot black on all the wings.

Expanse 29 millim.

Two female specimens from Chow-pin-sa, May and June.

This species superficially resembles Macaria fiebesata, Walk.j
except that the transverse lines are not angulated.

Hob. Western China.

Tephrina arenacearia.

Geometra arenacearia, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 114.
Tephrina arenacearia, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 105.

from China, Japan, and Oorea. 313!

Eiiboliajlavidaria, Eversm. Bull. Mosc. 1852, p. 162.

Tephrina flavidaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 104.

Diastictis arenacearia, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103.

There were specimens of the typical form in Fryer's collec-
tion, and I took examples of \\iQJlavidaria form at Gensan in
July.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Corea; Japan.

Tephrina capulata.

Lozogramma capulata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 441
(1879).

There was a series from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection, and I obtained specimens in Satsuma in May.
Hob. Japan ; Kiushiu.

Tephrina brunneata.

Geometra brunneata, Thnb. Diss. Ent. i. p. 9 (1784).

Geometra pinetaria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 130, $ (post 1797),

Fidonia pinetaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 157.

Diastictis brunneata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103.

There were specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe ; Altai ; Amur ; Japan.

Tephrina fuscaria.
Halia fuscaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 50 (May 1891).

Three specimens of each sex, from Oiwake and Yokohama,
in Fryer's collection. One female from Ichang, August.
Distribution. Japan ; Central China.

Tephrina adzearia.

Halia adzearia, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 33, pi. iv. fig. 62
(1893).

1 received one male specimen from Moupin, taken in June,
and a female from Che-tou, taken in July.

Oberthiir records the species from Ta-chien-lu.
Hab. Western China.

Tephrina (?) flavescens.

? Euboliaflavescens, Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 68, pi. iii. fig. 6, rf
(1892).

Alphdraky records one example of each sex, ^ taken in
September at Termine-Bachine, North-western China.

314 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus HYPOSIDRA.
(Guen. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 212 (1895).)

Hyposidra aquilaria.

Lagyra aquilaria, Walk. Oat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1485.

Hyposidra aquilaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.. Moths, iii. p. 214

(1895).
Hyposidra Davidaria, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 307, pi. vi.

fig. 1.

I have specimens from Chang-yang, Ichang, Chia-ting-fu,
Moupin, Omei-shan : June and July.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Shillong ; N. China (Hampson) ;
Central and Western China.

[I received a series of Hyposidra talaca, Walk., from the
Loo-choo Islands.]

Hyposidra falcigera.

Lagyra falcigera. Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 45, pi. xxxv. fig. 4
(1878).

Three female specimens in Fryer's collection from Yesso.
Hob. Yesso.

Genus POGONITIS.
(Christoph. Bull. Mosc. Iv. p. 60 (1881).)

Pogonitis cumulata.

Pogonitis cumulata, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. 2, p. 61 (1881).
Deilinia cumulata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 110.

A fine series from Oivvake in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Amur ; Japan.

Genus DILINIA.

(Hiibn. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 216 (1895).)
Dilinia exanthemata.

Phakena exanthemata. Scop. Ent. Cam. p. 218.

Geometra exanthemaria, Esp. v. pi. xxxiii. figs. 3, 4.

Deilinia exanthemata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 110.

Cabera exanthemaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 55.

I took one typical female specimen at Hakodate in August.

Alph&aky (Rom. sur L^p. vi. p. 56) records a very
damaged female specimen from Ou-pin, Western China;
possibly this is referable to the Chinese form of D. jSchaifferi,
which I have described as var. sinicaria.

Distribution. Europe; Armenia; Amur; Yesso.

from China, Japan , and Gorea. 315

Dilinia Schcefferi.
Caber a Schce/eri, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 80, pi. vii. fig. 4 (1864).

I obtained specimens at Gensan in June.
This species can be readily separated from its allies by the
distinct yellow bands, which are not in the least serrated.

Var.

simcana.

Pale ochreous white, irrorated with brownish. Primaries
have three rather broad, wavy, ochreous transverse lines,
the first two elbowed below costa, and the third angled.
Secondaries have two wavy ochreous lines. Fringes of the
ground-colour. Under surface paler than above ; all the
wings have a dusky discal dot and indications of a transverse
line beyond.

Expanse 36 millim.

A good series received from Ta-chien-lu and Ni-tou, June.

Distribution. Amur ; Corea ; Western China.

Dilinia pur us.

Thysanochilus purus, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 404 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 44, pi. li. tig. 12 (1879).

There was a good series from Yokohama in Pryer's collec-
tion. I took the species at Gensan and Mr. Smith at Hakone
in June.

Distribution. Corea; Japan.

Dilinia conspersaria, sp. n.

White. All the wings have black discal and marginal
spots. Primaries have three, and secondaries two, brownish
macular bands. Under surface white, with black discal and
marginal spots and a brownish macular submarginal band ;
the costal area of primaries is suffused with fuscous, especially
towards the base.

Expanse, <J 38, ? 43 millim.

Two male specimens and six females from Oiwake m
Pryer's collection.

The species varies in the intensity of the markings.

Hob. Japan.

Dilinia tinagmaria.

Cabera tinagmaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 56 (1857).
A number of specimens were received from Omei-shan and
Moupin and one example from Chia-ting-fu, July. I took

316 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

the species at Ningpo in April and at Tsuruga in July ; my
native collector met with it in June and July at Ningpo, and
also obtained specimens in the island of Kiushiu. GueneVs
type was from North China. Pryer does not seem to have
met with this species.

Distribution. North and Western China; Japan ; Kiushiu.

Dilinia griseo-limbata.

Phasiane griseo-liiribata, Oberth. Diagn. Lep. Ask. p. 1 (Aug. 1879);

Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 50, pi. iv. fig. 14 (1880).
Nematocampa straminea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 370

(Sept. 1879).
Stegania griseo-limbata, Hedem. Horss Soc. Ent. Ross. xvi. p. 245, pi. x.

fig. 2 (1881).

Stegania ustulataria, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. (2) p. 63 (1881).
Deilinia straminea, Meyvick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 110.

There were specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in
Fryer's collection. I obtained the species at Hakodate in
August.

Distribution. Askotd ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso.

Dilinia capitata.

Pachydia capitata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 1019 (1861).

Tacparia ? morosa, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 403.

Dilinia capitata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 217 (1895).

There were two specimens in Fryer's collection, arid I
received one from Mr. Manley taken at Yokohama.

Distribution. Throughout India and Ceylon (Hampson) •
Japan.

D ilin ia fasciata .

Bargosa fasciata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 634, pi. xxxii.

fig. 8.

Bargosa rivulosa, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 410.
Dilinia fasciata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 217 (1895).

Butler's type was from Tokio. I did not obtain this
species in Japan, and there were no specimens of it in Fryer's
collection.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Kha*sis ; Japan (Flampsori).

Dilinia rufofasciaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale ochreous brown; basal area tinged and
clouded with rufous ; before the black discal dot there is an
obscure curved and recurved rufous transverse line, and
beyond the dot a diffuse rufous transverse band, becoming
obsolete towards costa and reduced towards inner margin ;

from China, Japan, and Corea. 317

on the outer margin there is a series of faint brownish spots.
Secondaries ochreous brown; outer margin bordered with
paler, the inner edge of the border wavy; discal dot black.
Under surface pale ochreous brown ; primaries have a dusky
band beyond the middle.

Expanse 32 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, July.

Hob. Central China.

Dilinia albifrontaria.
, Phasiane albifrontaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 49 (May 1891).

Several specimens from Gifu in Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Allied to D. vexillaria, Guen.

Genus TYCOONIA.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 439 (1894J.)

Tycoonia obliqua.
Tycoonia obliqua, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 439.

I have not been able to see the type of this species.
Hab. Japan.

Genus HYPEPHYRA.
(Butler, 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vii. p. 101 (1889).)

Hypephyra terrosa.

Hypephyra terrosa, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vii. p. 100, pi. cxxxv
'tig. 17 (1889).

Five male specimens were received from Chang-yang, one
female from Omei-shan, one male from Yokohama and one
from the island of Kiushiu.

Distribution. Simla ; Dharmsala (Hampson) ; Japan ;
Kiushiu ; Western and Central China.

Hypephyra Pryeraria.

Tacparia Pryeraria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 56 (May 1891).
Three male specimens and two females from Gif u in Fryer's
collection.
Hab. Japan.

318 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus CROCOTA.

(Hiibn. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 118 ; (part)
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 220 (1895).)

Crocota mundataria.

Phal. Geometra mundataria^ Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. p. 243, pi. cccc. fig. H.

Geometra mundataria, Hiibn. Geom. figs. 375, 538.

Aspilates mundataria, Guen. Pbal. ii. p. 186; Alph. Rom. sur Le*p. vi.

p. 70 (1892).

Aspilates tonyhata, Feld. Reise Nov., Lep. v. pi. cxxix. fig. 12.
Crocota mundataria^ Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 119.

There were specimens from Fujisan in Fryer's collection,
and I obtained the species at Oiwake in June and July and
at Gensan in June. Specimens have been received from
Chang-yang and Kiukiang, taken in June ; Alphe'raky notes
the species from the Itel-got, a tributary of the Yellow River,
N.W. China, taken in August.

Distribution. Europe ; Altai ; Armenia ; Siberia ; Amur ;
Corea ; Japan ; Central and North-western China.

Crocota formosaria.

Aspilates for mosaria, Eversm. Bull. Mosc. 1837, p. 54, 1844, iii. pi. xv.

figs. 3 a, b j Guen. Phal. ii. p. 185.

Crocota formosaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 119.
Aspilates ffloriosaria, Boisd. Ind. Gen. p. 188.

Some examples from Oiwake and Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. I obtained specimens at Fusan in June and at
Gensan and Nagahama in July ; and my native collector took
the species at Hakodate in June. One specimen was received
from Chang-yang.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Corea ; Japan ; Yesso ;
Central China.

Crocota curvaria.

Aspilates curvaria, Evers. Bull. Mosc. 1852, i. p. 167 ; Alph. Rom. sur
Le*p. vi. p. 70, pi. iii. figs. 5 a, b, c, <$ $ (1892).

One female is recorded by Alpheraky from the province of
Chan-si, taken in June.

Distribution. Siberia ; North-west China.

Crocota sordida.
Cleoaene sordida, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 418.

Butler describes this species from Tokio.
Hob. Japan.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 319

Crocota (?) punctaria, sp. n.

Pale ochreous brown, irrorated and mottled with dark
greyish brown ; there is a fuscous discal spot and a trans-
verse series of fuscous spots placed on the inner edge of a
dusky band on outer marginal area. Secondaries whitish
brown, with a blackish discal spot and a transverse series of
blackish spots beyond the middle, the third and fifth larger
than the others. Fringes greyish. Under surface as above,
but the primaries are suffused with fuscous and the second-
aries are irrorated with fuscous and tinged with ochreous on
the costa and outer margins.

Expanse 50 millim.

One male specimen from How-kow, July.

Hob. Thibet.

Crocota (?) geholaria.

Aspilates geholaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. vi. p. 18. pi. ix. fig. 3
(1881).

I am unacquainted with this species, but, judging from the
figure, which represents a female, it does not appear to be
rightly placed in Aspilates, Treit.,= Crocota, Hiibn.

Oberthur records it from the Ge'hol Mountains and also
from the mountains to the north of Pekin.

Genus DISCOREBA.
(Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 394 (1878).)

Discoreba simplex.

Discoreba simplex, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 394 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 30, pi. xlviii. fig. 4 (1879).
Aspilates violentana, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. (2) p. 82 (1881).

There were specimens of the typical form from Yokohama
and Gifu in Pryer's collection.

Var. punctaria.

In both sexes of this form the transverse band of primaries
is replaced by an oblique series of dots on the neuration. The
ground-colour of the male is browner, and the primaries of the
female are thickly dusted with blackish.

There were examples of this form in Pryer's collection, one
of which was from Gifu.

Distribution. Japan; Amur.

320 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus HYBERNIA.
(Latr. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 120.)

Hybernia leucophcearia.

Geometra leucophcearia, Schiff. Wien. Yerz. p. 101; Hiibn. Geom.

fig. 195.
Hybernia leucophcearia, Dup. Le'p. vii. pi. 156. figs. 4, 5 ; Guen. Phal.

ii. p. 251.
Hybernia dim, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 50, pi. liii. fig. 7

(1879).

Several specimens from Yokohama in Pryer's collection.

Dira, Butl., is an unusually large specimen of H. leuco-
phcearia. I have but one example in my series of the species
which equals the type of dira in expanse, although several
agree with the said type in other characters. The large
specimen referred to was in Fryer's collection, and there was
also a specimen which hardly expands one inch in the same
collection.

The specimens from Japan exhibit considerable variation,
but only one of the forms is peculiar ; and as I have not seen
an exact counterpart of it from Europe, I append the following
description : —

Var. nigrilinearia.

Primaries pale ochreous grey ; second line deeply indented
below the middle ; space between this line and the curved
basal line thickly sprinkled with black scales, forming a dark
median fascia, in the central portion of which is placed a pale
oval patch ; median nervure conspicuously black ; before the
apex is a blackish, oblique, abbreviated fascia. Secondaries
normal.

Distribution. Europe ; Japan.

Hybernia beta.

Lozogramma bela, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 406 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 46, pi. Iii. fig. 5 (1879).

Several male specimens from Yokohama in Pryer's col-
lection.

Pryer, referring to this species in his t Catalogue of the
Lepidoptera of Japan,' p. 73, says " the female is semi-
apterous, like Hybernia progemmaria"

Hab. Japan.

Hybernia verecundaria} sp. n.
White, finely irrorated with fuscous, especially on pri-

from China, Japan, and Corea. 321

maries. There are three transverse blackish lines on pri-
maries— the first is slightly curved, the second serrated and
curved to just above inner margin, where it is obtusely angled,
the third is interrupted and merges into the dusky submarginal
line at fourth vein ; there is a blackish transverse dash on
costa just beyond the first line and a dusky dot below it at
the origin of second vein. Secondaries have a blackish trans-
verse wavy line just beyond the middle ; this does not extend
to the costa, and on the inner margin is preceded by one and
followed by two blackish marks. Fringes of the ground-
colour preceded by blackish dots. Under surface whitish,
suffused with fuscous, especially on the primaries ; all the
wings have a dusky discal mark, and the transverse lines of
upper surface are faintly indicated.

Expanse 42 millim.

One male specimen in Fryer's collection.

Hab. Japan.

Genus APOCHEIMA.
(Hiibn. ; Meyrick, Trans. Erit. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 121.)

Apocheima lefaaria.

Biston kfuarius, Erschoff, Horse Soc. Ent. Ross. viii. p. 317 (1872) ;

Hedem. xvi. p. 246, pi. xiii. tig. 13 (1881).
Nyssiodes olgaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 44, pi. iv. fig. 12

(1880).
Ereuxa matiiraria, Christ, teste Hedem. Horse Soc. Ent. Ross. xvi.

p. 247.
Eremia maturaria, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. (2) p. 64 (1881) ; Stett. ent.

Zeit. liv. p. 35 (1893).
Apocheima lefuaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 121.

There were some nice specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. Mr. Andrews and my native collector took
examples at Hakodate in June, and I received a male
specimen from Chung-king.

Distribution. Amur; Askold; Japan; Yesso; Western
China.

Genus PHIGALIA.

(Duponchel, Lep. iv. p. 296.)
Phi 'g alia sinuosaria, sp. n.

Resembles P. pedaria from Europe, but the transverse
markings of primaries are more wavy, the subbasal being
angled below the middle and the submarginal nearer the
margin of the wing j the central line of secondaries is serrated
and always beyond the discal spot, and the outer line is evenly

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 23

322 Mr. J. IT. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

curved. Larger than P. pedaria, and the thorax is far less
robust.

Expanse 48-58 rnillim.

Four male specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Genus ZAMACRA.

(Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 121.)

Zamacra albofasciaria.
Apocheima albofasciaria^ Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 48 (May 1891).

Three male specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's col-
lection.

Hob. Japan.

The genus Zamacra was founded by Meyrick (Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 121) for flabellaria, Heeg., previously
placed in Apocheima, Hlibn.

Genus BISTON.
(Leach ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 245 (1895).)

Biston emarginaria, sp. n. (PL VII. fig. 8.)

Outer margins of all the wings with two deep indentations.

Female. — Primaries white, sparingly freckled with black ;
the basal area limited by an angulated black line and clouded
•with brown ; outer marginal area brown, limited inwardly by
a sinuous black line and intersected by an indistinct dusky-
bordered whitish line, which terminates in a whitish patch at
inner angle. Secondaries have the basal two-thirds sparingly
freckled with black ; the outer third is brown, bounded in-
wardly by a rather wavy black line and containing two white
patches ; the lower, placed at anal angle, is marked with
black. Under surface similar to upperside, but there is no
brown on basal area of primaries. Fringes : of primaries
blackish from costa to second indentation, thence white
chequered with black; of secondaries white, marked with
brown at the angle. Antennas white marked with black,
simple. Head and thorax creamy, the latter sprinkled with
black. Abdomen pale brown, marked with white and dotted
with black.

Expanse 65 millim.

One female specimen from Fu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Biston robustum.

Biston robmtum, Bull. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p, 371 (1879).
A very fine series from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 323

In one example of the male the ground-colour is decidedly
grejish.

Var. parva, nov.

Much smaller than the type ; the inner line of primaries is
less acutely angled below costa, and the outer line rather more
sharply angled. The male has the pectination of antennas
shorter, and is without brown or ochreous in the composition
of its colouring and agrees almost exactly with the female,
which is typical except as regards the minor points of difference
referred to.

Expanse, $ 56, ? 64 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, one female from
Che-tou, and another from Ta-chien-lu : July.

Distribution. Japan; Western China.

Biston regalis.

Amphidasys regalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 234 (1887).

Biston reyaliS) Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 245 (1895)^

One male specimen from Tchang taken in June.

There is an example from Hakodate in the National Col-
lection, and this, like the specimen from Central China
referred to above, has the basal, medial, and apical areas
whiter than in the Indian form.

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ; Kha*sis (Hampson) ;
Yesso; Central China.

Biston tendinosaria.

Amphidasys tendinosaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 73, pi. vi. fig. 17

(1864).
Phthonosema tendinosai'ia, Warr. Novit. Zool. i. p. 428 (1894).

There were specimens from Yokohama, Oiwake, Nikko, and
Yesso in Fryer's collection.

I took the species at Gensan in June and at Fushiki in
July, and it has also been obtained at Tokio.

Distribution. Amur; Corea; Japan; Yesso.

[Biston fasciaria, Motsch. Bull. Mosc. xxxix. p. 197. —
I am unable to identify this species.]

Biston serratilinearia, sp. n.

Whitish brown, powdered with grey. Basal area of pri-
maries rusty brown, bordered with darker ; outer line black,
serrated, followed by a diffuse rusty-brown band; sub-
marginal line of the ground-colour; discal spot blackish, with

324 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

a dark brown cloud above it on the costa. Secondaries have
a dusky transverse central shade (sometimes present also on
the primaries), and beyond this there is a black serrated line
followed by a band as on primaries ; submarginal line of the
ground-colour; discal spot blackish. Fringes concolorous
with the wings, preceded by an interrupted line. Under
surface whitish grey, a blackish discal spot and dark central
line on each wing.

Expanse, <J 64-74, $ 83 millim.

One male specimen and two females from Moupin and
a male from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to B. recursaria, Walk., but distinguished by the
form of the transverse lines, and also by the rusty-brown
markings.

Bistort recursaria.

Boarmia recursaria. Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxi. p. 374 (1860).
Amphidasys superans, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 48. pi. xxxv. fig1. 3

(1878).
Biston recursaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 246

(1895.)

Several specimens in Fryer's collection.

I captured examples at Nagasaki in May and at Shimonoseki
in July. My collectors in Western China obtained one female
specimen at Ta-chien-lu and another at Wa-shan, both in
June.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Bassein ; Burma; Java
(Hampson); Japan; Kiushiu; Western China.

Biston invenustaria.
Amphidasys invenustaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 43 (May 1891).

Allied to B. recursaria, Walk.

Several specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.

Var. sinicaria, nov.

Differs from the type in having the transverse lines blacker
and the bands browner ; between the second and submarginal
lines there are some brownish clouds.

In one female specimen the black lines are absent.

My collectors obtained examples of this form at Wa-shan,
Pu-tsu-fong, Ni-tou, Chia-ting-fu, Chia-kou-ho, Chang,
yang.

Distribution. Japan ; Central and Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 325

Biston suppressaria.

Amphidasys suppressaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 210 (1857).

Buzura multipunctaria, Walk. Cat. Leg. Het. xxvi. p. 1531 (1862).

Buzura strigaria, Moore. Lep. Ceyl. iii. pi. clxxxviii. fiefs. 1, 1 a, b. c

(larva) (1887). _
Biston suppressaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 247

(1895).

Two male specimens and one female from Omei-shan, and
one female from Wa-shan : June.

The female example from Omei-shan is more heavily pow-
dered with black than the other specimens, and consequently
looks much darker.

There is a specimen from Japan in the National Collection
at South Kensington.

Distribution. Ka"ngra ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Calcutta ;
Ceylon; Japan (Hampson)] Western China.

Biston thibetaria.
Amphidasys thibetaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xi. p. 32, pi. v. fig. 30

(1886).

Specimens have been received from Chang-yang, Ichang,
Ta-chien-lu, Ni-tou, and Chia-ting-fu : June and July.
Oberthiir's type was taken by M. Biet at Cli£pa.
Distribution. Central and Western China.

Genus MEGABISTON.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 429 (1894).)
Megabiston plumosaria.

Biston plumosaria, Leech, Eiitom., Suppl. p. 43 (May 1891).
Megabiston plumosaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 429 (1894).

There was a fine series from Yokohama in Fryer's col-
lection.

Hab. Japan.

Genus MEGAMETOPON.

(Alphe"raky, Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 58 (1892).)

Megametopon piperatum.
Megame.topon piperatum, Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 58, pi. iii. fig. 3, rf

(1892).

Alpheraky records this species from Tchin-Tassy, iu the
Province of Kan-sou : July.

Genus ELPHOS.
(Guen. Phal. i. p. 285 (1857).)

Elphos insueta.
Elphos insueta, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 48, pi. xxxvi. fig. 2

a878).

326 Mr. J. II. Leech on Lepidoptera Tleterocera

A few specimens from Ohoyama, Oiwake, and Fujisan in
Fryer's collection.

Mr. Smith took one example at Hakone in August, and my
collectors one at Moupin in July.

The Chinese specimen differs from Japanese examples in
the much fainter colour of the yellow markings.

Distribution. Japan and Western China.

Genus XANDRAMES.

(Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 634.)

Xandrames sericea.

Xandrames sericea, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 409.
Xandrames latiferaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 250
(1895).

Several specimens from Fujisan and Nikko, confounded
with X. latiferaria, in Fryer's collection.

My native collector captured some specimens at Hakodate
in June or July. I have also received the species from
Chang-yang, Moupin, Chia-ting-fu, and Ta-chien-lu : June
and July.

I cannot agree with Hampson in regarding X. sericea, Butl.,
as synonymous with X. latiferaria, Walk. The two insects
appear to me to be very distinct, especially as regards the
markings of secondaries. Hampson's figure represents
X. sericea, and not X. latiferaria • the latter is well figured
by Butler (111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pi. xlix. fig. 11).

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Central and Western China,

Xandrames latiferaria.

Pachyodes? latiferaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxi. p. 445 (1860).
Elphos latiferaria, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 36, pi. xlix. fig. 11
(1879).

One male specimen from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.

I captured a male at Hakodate in August, and I have
specimens from Omei-shan, where they were taken in July
and August, and others from Kiukiang.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Central and Western China.

Xandrames xanthomelanaria.

Xandrames xanthomelanaria, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 309,
pi. vi. fig. 6.

Foujade records a male specimen from Moupin. I have an
example of the same sex from Omei-shan, and one from
Chia-kou-ho, taken in July.

Hob. Western China.

from Chin a j Japan , and Corea. 327

This species is allied to X. sericea, Bull., and X. latiferaria,
Walk., most nearly perhaps to the former. It is, however,
at once separated from either by the shape of the fascia on
primaries and yellow border on secondaries.

Xandrames agitato,.

Boarmia agitata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 396 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 33, pi. xlviii. fig. 9 (1879).
Duliophyk agitata, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 432 (1894).

Some specimens from Ohoyama and Nikko in Fryer's
collection.

Mr. Smith took the species at Hakone in August, and
there are specimens in the National Museum from Tokio,
Yokohama, and Chiuzenji.

Hob. Japan.

Xandrames angustaria, sp. n.

Primaries ochreous, mottled and striated with dark brown ;
there is a fuliginous patch at the base ; a subbasal band and
a broad central fascia of the same colour, the latter interrupted
in the middle and bordered outwardly on the costa by a patch
of the ground-colour enclosing a dark irregular bar; sub-
marginal line interrupted, preceded by some dark clouds below
costa. Secondaries fuscous, finely striated with cupreous
brown ; there is a dusky discal dot arid central line. Fringes
of the ground-colour marked with fuliginous. Under surface
fuscous, paler along costa of primaries ; there is an irregular-
shaped pale fascia beyond the middle of the wing enclosing a
dark patch below costa ; discal dot black.

Expanse 54 millim.

One specimen from Omei-shan, June.

Hob. Western China.

Genus GNOPHOS.

(Treitschke, Eur. Schmett. vi. p. 160 (1827).)
Gnophos muscosaria.

Gnophos muscosaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxxv. p. 1596 (1866).
Gnophus muscosarius, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 251
(1895).

One female specimen from Moupin taken in July.
Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim (Hampson) ;
Western China.

Gnophos approximaria, sp. n.

Greyish, powdered and marked with dark brown. Pri-
maries have four transverse wavy lines and a transverse basal

328 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Tleterocera

shade : the first line is slightly indented below costa ; the
second is placed a little beyond the black discal spot and is
closely followed by the third ; this last is edged outwardly
with whitish, and is nearer to the second on the inner margin
than on the costa ; the fourth (submarginal) is pale, preceded
by a dark brown cloud towards costa and also towards inner
margin. Secondaries have two wavy lines hardly traceable
towards costa but terminating near together on the middle of
abdominal margin ; there is a short diffuse bar near anal angle.
Fringes brownish, preceded by a black line. Under surface
brownish grey ; all the wings have a blackish discal spot and
indistinct wavy central line.

Expanse, d1 50, 2 50-56 millim.

One male specimen and five females from Pu-tsu-fong,
July.

As the male is not in good condition, I have described
a female as the type ; but the sexes do not appear to differ in
markings.

Bab. Western China.

Gnophos pullata.

Gnophos pullata, Treit. Schm. vi. p. 179 (1827).

Pseudopantliera pullata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1892, p. 117.

One male specimen, taken at How-kow in July, appears to
be referable to this species.

The wings are dark grey, tinged with brownish as far as
the second line on primaries and the central line on second-
aries. The under surface is also darker. In some respects
this specimen seems to agree with var. confertata, Staud.
(Cat. p. 167) = var. a, Guen., from Styria.

Gnophos minutaria.) sp. n.

Male. — Basal two-thirds of all the wings ochreous grey,
irrorated with dark grey and limited by a serrated dark grey
line which is followed by a whitish band; outer marginal
area ochreous grey, clouded with dark grey and traversed by
a whitish band ; discal spot whitish, surrounded with dark
grey. Fringes whitish grey, preceded by an interrupted black
line. Under surface pale greyish ; primaries suffused with
fuscous, traversed by an ill-defined pale band ; secondaries
have a curved dusky band.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the dark grey clouding
is less distinct.

Expanse, d 24, $ 30 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong and one female from
Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 329

Very similar to G. variegata, Dup., on upper surface, but
on the underside there is no heavy black marking on the
outer margins.

GnopJios lentiginosaria, sp. n.

Male. — All the wings white, heavily freckled and clouded
with fuliginous grey. The primaries have a blackish patch
on the costa extending to and enclosing the black discal spot ;
a smaller spot of the same colour lies between this patch and
the base of the wing and a larger one beyond it, from which
an interrupted narrow blackish band proceeds across the wing
to the inner margin ; just beyond this line is a large rather
round blackish spot. Secondaries have a blackish discal spot.
Fringes fuliginous grey, marked with white but hardly
chequered, and preceded by a blackish line. Under surface of
all the wings white; primaries are fuliginous grey on basal
area, and a broad streak of the same colour extends to a break
in the fuliginous- grey border of outer margin ; the costa is
narrowly ochreous and has three blackish spots on it, the
second of these extends to the discal spot, and the third gives
rise to a narrow blackish band, which crosses the wing almost
to the submedian nervure : secondaries have the costa nar-
rowly striated with dark grey, a blackish discal spot, and six
or seven blackish spots forming a curved series from costa to
inner margin. Antennae simple. Head blackish. Thorax
corresponds with the wings. Abdomen above greyish, marked
with ochreous on the segmental divisions ; entirely ochreous
beneath ; the legs also are greyish above and ochreous
beneath.

Female. — Rather more ample in the wing, but colour and
marking similar to the male.

Expanse 47-52 millim.

A nice series, comprising specimens from Ta-chien-lu,
Pu-tsu-fong, Ni-tou, Moupin, and Omei-shan, the majority
from the last-named locality : June and July.

Hob. Western China.

GnopJios accipitraria.

Gnophos accipitraria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 300 (1357).
Gnophus accipitrarius, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 252
(1895).

One female specimen from Omei-shan and one from Moupin,

Distribution. N.W.Himalayas; Shillong; Sibsdgar, Assam
(Hampson) ; Western China.

330 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera TIeterocera

Gnophos lichenea.

Gnophos lichenea, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xi. p. 33, pi. v. fig. 33

(1886).
Gnophus licheneus, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 253

(1895).

I have a long series, comprising both sexes, from Pu-tsu-
fong, Moupin, Otnei-shan, and Chang-yang: July.

Oberthiir received the species from Ta-tsien-Lou.

Distribution. {Sikhim (Hampson) ; Western and Central
China.

Gnophos theuropide.s.

Gnophos theuropides, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xv. p. 22, pi. iii. fig. 28
(1891).

Nine male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong and one example of
the same sex from Moupin : June and July.

Oberthiir records specimens from T&-tsien-Lou, captured
by Mgr. Biet.

Hab. Western China.

Gnophos incolaria, sp. n.

Male. — Whitish grey. Basal half of primaries and the
outer marginal area darker, the former traversed by an
indistinct band of the paler ground-colour, in which there are
some darker marks, and the latter intersected by a wavy line
of the ground-colour ; the whitish-grey area between these
dark portions is clouded on the costa and inner margin, and
is traversed by a wavy black line. Secondaries have the
outer marginal area dark grey intersected by a paler wavy
line and limited by a wavy black line ; the remainder of
the wing is sprinkled with dark grey scales ; discal spots
black. Fringes rather brownish grey. Under surface white,
with black discal spots ; basal area of primaries sprinkled
with greyish, and the whole of the outer marginal area, except
the apex, of primaries is dark grey ; the secondaries have a
dark grey submarginal band, and the lower two- thirds of the
area beyond is sprinkled with dark-grey scales ; fringes white,
marked with brownish grey at the extremities of the nervules.
Antennae bipectinated.

Expanse 50 millim.

Two male specimens from Kwei-chow, June.

Hab. Western China.

Allied to G. eolaria, Guen.

Gnophos eolaria.

Gnophos eolaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 294.

Gnophus eolarius. HamDSon. Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 253
(1895).

from China, Japan , and Corea. 331

Two male specimens from Kwei-chow and one example of
each sex from How-kow, July.

One of the examples from Kwei-chow is whitish grey,
suffused with ochreous brown ; the other is greyish, irrorated
with pale brownish on the basal area of all the wings. The
How-kow male ^is brownish grey, and the female is similar
but more brownish on submarginal area.

Distribution. Himalayas ; Punjaub ; Khdsis (Hampsori) ;
Western China ; Thibet.

Gnophos mandarinaria, sp. n.

Whitish, striated and mottled with grey and tinged with
ochreous on lower half of primaries and submarginal area of
secondaries ; a black discal spot on all the wings. The first
line on primaries, which is slightly curved and rather wavy,
commences as a spot on the costa and is marked with black on
the nervures ; the second line is serrated, slightly curved,
and marked with black on the nervules ; between these
lines, but nearer the second, there is a dark fascia-
like shade; submarginal line whitish, with a grey cloud
before it at the costa, another just below, and a third
on inner margin. Secondaries have a dark grey serrated
central line, edged externally with whitish and preceded by a
dusky shade; submarginal line as on primaries. Fringes
grey, preceded by a series of black spots placed on a black
line. Under surface of primaries brownish fuscous, paler on
the margins, and of secondaries ashy ; all the wings have a
small discal spot and indications of a central line.

Expanse 44—50 millim.

Three male specimens from Wa-shan, June.

Hab. Western China.

This species is allied to G. serotmaria, Hiibn. It varies
in the intensity of the grey mottling.

oplws punctivenaria} sp. n.

Male. — Whitish, powdered with brownish grey. The first
and second transverse lines on primaries are greyish, their
course indicated by black dots on the nervures and nervules
respectively; the second line is preceded and followed by an
olive-brown band which together with the dotted transverse
line give the appearance of a fascia ; the submarginal line is
pale but indistinct, and is preceded by some olive-brown cloud-
like patches. Secondaries have a serrated black central line
becoming indistinct towards costa, preceded by an olive-brown
shade ; beyond there is an inwardly olive- brown bordered pale
submarginal line; all the wings have a black discal spot.

332 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera fleterocera

Fringes brownish grey, preceded by a series of black elongated
spots. Under surface of primaries fuscous with paler margins,
and of secondaries greyish ; blackish discal spot on all the
wings, and the second line of primaries is indicated on the
nervules. Antennae more than half the length of primaries,
bipectinated.

Female. — Rather browner, and the submarginal line on all
the wings appears more distinct.

Expanse, <$ 52, $ 46 millim.

I have specimens from Moupin, Ta-chien-lu, Wa-shan,
Pu-tsu-fong, and Che-tou, taken in May and June.

Hob. Western China.

This species is subject to variation in tint and in the
definition of the markings. Some examples are greyer than
the specimens I have selected as types, and in others the
markings are somewhat confused, but the black dots on the
neuration appear to be a constant character.

Gnophos lilliputata.

Gnophos lilliputata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 308, pi. vi.

figs. 7, 7 a.

One example of each sex recorded from Moupin by Poujade.
Hob. Western China.

Gnophos (?) thibetaria.

Gnophos thibetaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. ix. p. 21, pi. i. fig. 3
(1884).

Oberthiir refers to the type as a very fresh female
specimen which was taken by Mgr. Biet at Ta-tsien-Lou.

The figure of this species does not seem to exhibit the
characters of a Gnophos.

Gnophos gnophosaria.

Psodos gnophosaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 28, pi. iii. fig. 45
(1893).

Judging from the figure, I should say that this species is
referable to Gnophos^ and appears to be a close ally of G. ob-
scuraria, Htibn., if it is not really a form of that species,
from which it only appears to differ in the more pronounced
character of the transverse line on under surface of the
wings.

Hab. Western China.

Gnophos (?) creperaria.

Gnophos creperaria, Ersch. Hor. Soc. Ent. Koss. xii. p. 337 (1876) ;

Hedem. op. cit. xvi. p. 247, pi. xiii. fig. 3 (1881).
Gnophos ? creperaria, Alph. Rom. sur L6p. vi. p. 63 (1892).

from China , Japan, and Corea. 333

Alpheraky records a specimen, taken in September, at Youi-
line-tchouan in the Province of Kan-sou, Western China,
which he considers to be the female of G. creperaria, Ersch.
Grseser also records the species from Amurland.

Distribution. Siberia ; Amur ; Western China.

G-nophos fumosa.
Catascia fumosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 129 (1895).

Hob. Japan.

I have been unable to examine the type of this species.

Gnophos (?) exculta.
Tephrosia exculta, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 408.

There were two female specimens from Yokohama and
Oiwake in Fryer's collection. I have received two examples
of each sex from Ta-chien-lu, and a female from Ni-tou:
June and July.

Var. brunnearictj var. nov.

This form, of which I have only a male example from
Omei-shan, differs from the type in its smaller size, pale
brown ground-colour, and blackish blotch above outer angle
of primaries; the indented marginal line of primaries is
absent.

Distribution. Japan ; Western China.

Genus BYLAZOKA.
(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1549 (1862).)

Bylazora nigropunctaria, sp. n.

Primaries olive-green, marked with black at the base and
on the neuration; there is a transverse line before the middle
and one beyond the middle, each represented by black dots
on the nervures and nervules, the dots in the first series are
edged inwardly and those in the second series outwardly with
whitish ; submarginal line whitish, angled towards costa and
curved towards inner margin, and followed by an interrupted
and irregular black band ; discal spot black, oval, enclosing
a line of the ground-colour ; fringes of the ground-colour,
preceded by a series of whitish-edged black lunules. Second-
aries whitish, freckled with fuscous grey ; fringes brownish
grey, preceded by a series of pale-edged blackish lunules.
Under surface pale whity brown, freckled with fuscous; all
the wings have a blackish discal mark and a transverse series

334 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

of blackish dots beyond ; primaries are suffused with fuscous
on the disc, and have an interrupted blackish submarginal
band.

Expanse 42 millim.

One female specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to JB. pilicostata3 Walk.

Genus OPHTHALMODES.

(Guen. Phal. i. p. 283 (1857).)
Ophthalmodes ocellata.

Boarmia ocellata, Leech, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 143, pi. ix.

fig- 11-

Diastictis saturniaria, Graes. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892.
p. 104.

Seven fine specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.

I received specimens from Kiukiang, Ichang, Chang-yang,
Moupin, Omei-shan, Wa-shan, and the Province of Kwei-
chow : May, June, and July. In the National Collection
there is a specimen labelled from Ningpo.

The Japanese specimens are rather whiter in ground-
colour than the Chinese.

Distribution. Japan ; Central, Western, and North-eastern
China.

Meyrick appears to consider ocellata to be synonymous
with saturm'aria, Grses., but from the description alone of
the latter it is rather difficult to decide upon this point.

Ophthalmodes herbidaria.

Ophthalmodes herbidaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 283 (1857) ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii. p. 417, pi. cxci. fig. 4, $ (1887).
Ophthalmodes diurnaria, Guen. 1. c. p. 284.
Boarmia pertusaria, JFeld. Reise Nov. pi. cxxv. fig. 17, <5 (1874).

I have specimens from Chang-yang, Omei-shan, and the
Province of Kwei-chow : July.

Distribution. N.W. and E. Himalayas; Assam; Ceylon
(Ilanipson) ; Central and Western China.

Ophthalmodes cordularia.

Ophthalmodes cordularia, Swinh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xii. p. 155
(1893) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 256 (1895).

One specimen from the Province of Kwei-chow, taken in
July. This agrees with 0. cordularia^ Swinh., but, except
that it has black palpi, is almost identical with 0. herbidariaj
Guen.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Khdsis (Hampson} ; Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 335

Ophthalmodes senex.

Boarmia senev, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 396 (1878) : 111.

Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 34, pi. xlix. fig. 3 (1879).
Boarmia hedemanni, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. (2) p. 79 (1881).
Diastictis senex, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103.

Some nice specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I captured the species at Gensan in July, and it was
obtained by my collectors at Chang-yang and most of the
localities in Western China that they visited.

The species seems to vary a good deal in size and also in
the ground-colour, but this last may probably be due to
condition.

Distribution. Amur; Corea; Japan; Central and Western
China.

Ophthalmodes subpicaria, sp. n.

White, sparingly dusted with brownish, especially along
the nervures and inner margins. Primaries have four equi-
distant brownish spots on costa ; the fourth near apex and
limiting, at that point, a broad greyish band on outer
margin, which is interrupted about the middle, clouded with
brownish above and below the interruption, and intersected
by a whitish wavy line commencing in external edge of
fourth costal spot, and terminating at inner angle. Second-
aries have a dusky central spot, a curved series beyond, each
spot placed on a nervule (a similar series of spots is present
on primaries, but not so well defined) ; the outer margin is
clouded with brownish towards both angles. Fringes brown-
ish, faintly chequered with grey, and preceded by an inter-
rupted black line. Under surface : primaries white, clouded
with blackish on the costal portion of basal area and before
apex ; there is also a lesser cloud on the outer margin just
above anal angle ; discal spot black and conspicuous, showing
through on upper surface; costa marked with black and
dusky : secondaries have two black spots on costa, with some
streaks of the same colour between them and towards the
base of the wing; submarginal band blackish, interrupted
about the middle and terminating before inner margin.
Antennse blackish ; bipectinated in the male.

Expanse, cJ 68, $ 72 millim.

One example of each sex from Omei-shan, and one male
from Chang-yang: June.

Hob. Central and Western China.

336 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus BUPALUS.
(Leach ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1892, p. 107.)

Bupalus mirandus.
Bupalus mirandus, Butl. Trans. Erit. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 599.

Butler's type from Yokohama is a male. The female is
ferruginous brown in colour, and the white markings are not
quite so broad as in the male.

There was an example of each sex in Fryer's collection.

Hab. Japan.

Bupalus (?) davidaria.

Fidonia davidaria. Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. vi. p. 18, pi. ix. fig. 4
(1881).

OberthuVs type is a female taken in the north of China by
M. l'Abb£ Armand David. I have not seen an example of
the species.

Genus NAEEAGA.

(Walk. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 107.)

Narraga fasciolaria.

Fidonia fasciolaria, Rott. var., Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 64 (1892).
Narraga fasciolaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1892, p. 107.

Alpheraky records one female example of a form of this
species from the Province of Chan-si, North- western China.

Distribution. Europe ; Altai ; Ural ; Amur ; North-
western China.

Genus SELIDOSEMA.

(Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 299.)

Setidosema catotceniaria.

Selidosema catotcemaria, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 313, pi. vii,
tigs. 15, 15 a.

Poujade's type was from Moupin ; I received specimens
from that locality and also from Ta-chien-lu and Chang-yang,
taken in June.

Var. restrictaria.

In this form the patches do not extend to the margins and
the band on the secondaries is considerably restricted in
width.

A male specimen from Wa-shan and a female trom Chang-
yang, June.

llab. Central and Western China.

from China j Japan, and Corea. 337

Selidosema sordida.

Selidosema sordida, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 406 (1878) •
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 46, pi. Hi. fig. 7 (1879).

A fine series from Ohoyama, Nikko, and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection. My native collector obtained the species at
Hakodate in June.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Genus TEPHROSIA.

(Boisd. Ind. p. 198 (1840).)
Tephrosia luridata.

Geometra luridata, Bork. v. p. 235 (1794) ; Zell. Stett. ent. Zeit.

1853, p. 414.

Geometra extersaria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 159 (post 1797).
Tephrosia extersaria, Boisd. Tnd. p. 198 (18^9).
Ectropis luridata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 104.

There were a few specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's
collection.

My native collector took the species at Hakodate in June.

Japanese specimens are rather smaller than European
examples ; they are also more thickly powdered with brown-
ish, and the pale spot on outer marginal area of primaries is
of less size.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Japan.

Tephrosia costipunctaria.
Tephrosia costipunctaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 47 (May 1891).

There were three specimens of each sex from Oiwake in
Fryer's collection.

Allied to T. luridata and also to T. punctularia from
Europe, but it is not likely to be confused with either of
those species.

Hob. Japan.

Tephrosia biundularia.

Geometra biundularia, Bork. Eur. Schmett. v. p. 162 (1794).

Geometra crepuscularia, Hiibn. Geom. pi. xxx. fig. 158.

Tephrosia crepuscularia, Guen. Phal. i. p. 268.

Ectropis biundularia, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 104.

Boarmia crepuscularia, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 260

(1895).

Boarmia nikkonis, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 406.
Tephrosia excellens, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xiii. p. 275

(1884).

There were several specimens from Nikko and Yesso in
Fryer's collection. I took the species at .Ningpo in April ;
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 24

338 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

at Nagasaki and in Satsuma in May ; at Nagasaki, Tsuruga,
and Gensan in July ; at Hakodate in August. My native
collector met with it in the island of Kiushiu.

I have also received a number of specimens from the
various localities visited by my collectors in Central and
Western China.

This species varies considerably in size both in China and
Japan. The smallest specimen is only 26 millim. in expanse,
whilst the largest measures 58 millim.

Nikkomsy Butl., is a strongly-marked example of the type
form, and although rather larger is not otherwise different
in any material respect from specimens I have seen from
Scotland.

Excellens, Butl., is an unusually large form of the species;
I have examples of it from Japan and Yesso.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Corea ; Japan; Central and
Western China. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim and Khasis
(Hampson).

Tephrosia grisescens.

Ectropis ffrisescens, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 434 (1894).
Probably a form of T. biundularia.
The types are from China and Japan.

Tephrosia pongaria.

Tephrosia pongaria^ Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 27, pi. iv. fig. 53
(1893).

Eecorded by Oberthur from T^t-tsien-Lou (Ta-chien-lu) .
I received two specimens from Moupin, where they were
captured in June.

Hob. Western China.

Tephrosia punctularia*

Geometra punctulata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 317.
Boarmia pvnctulata, Dup. vii. pi. clxiii. fig. 5.
Tephrosia punctulata, Guen. Phal. i. p. 269.

Ectropis punctularia, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 104.
Tephrosia ignobilis, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 397 (1878);
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 35, pi. xlix. fig. 6 (1879).

There were specimens from Gifu and Yesso in Fryer's
collection.

I obtained the species at Ningpo in April, and at Yokohama
and Nagahama in June.

T. ignobilis, Butl., cannot be specifically separated from
T. punctularia. The figure given in ' Illustrations ' is not
good.

Distribution. Europe; Siberia; Amur; Japan; Yesso;
North-eastern China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 339

Teplirosia pygmcearia, sp. n.

Whitish, striated with yellow on outer half of all the wings.
Primaries clouded with blackish on basal area ; subbasal band
represented by an upright blackish dash on inner margin, a
cloud on costa; beyond the black discal spot there is a
curved and recurved blackish band, followed by a curved
series of blackish dots, which coalesce with the band towards
inner margin ; submarginal band blackish, twice interrupted
and separated from an interrupted marginal band by a trans-
verse line of the ground-colour. Secondaries clouded and
spotted with blackish on basal area ; submarginal and mar-
ginal bands as on primaries. Fringes yellow chequered
with black. Under surface similar to above.

Expanse 20-24 millim.

Two male specimens from Chang-yang, June and July.

Bab. Central China.

Teplirosia brunnearia, sp. n.

Male. — Grey-brown, powdered with dark brown. Trans-
verse lines of primaries dark brown and rather wavy ; the
inner is slightly elbowed below costa and thence oblique to
inner margin ; the outer is elbowed below costa and thence
oblique to just above the inner margin, where it is slightly
angled ; between these lines there is a curved black discal
spot and a dusky central line, the upper portion of the latter
touches the extremities of the curved spot, forming together
an annulated mark; beyond the second line the wing is
clouded with dark brown and traversed by a whitish line.
Secondaries have a slightly curved wavy brown outer line
and an oblique brown band between it and the base of the
wing • the area beyond the outer line is clouded with brown
and intersected by a whitish line. Fringes agree in colour
with the wings, but are rather darker at the ends of the
nervules. Under surface ochreous, slightly powdered with
brown scales, whitish along inner margin ot primaries ; lines
brown as above, but faint; discal spot of primaries large,
blackish ; some dusky clouds on the outer marginal area of
the wing. Antennae finely ciliated.

Female less powdered with dark brown ; transverse lines
more distinct.

Expanse, c? 34, $ 32 millim.

A long series from Ichang and Chang-yang : June, July,
and August. One male specimen from Moupin and one
from Omei-shan, July.

Hab. Central and Western China.

24*

340 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Tephrosia noctivolens.
Tephrosia noctivolens, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 698.

A fine series in Fryer's collection. The specimens are
from Oiwake and Gifu, but chiefly from the former locality.
Fenton obtained it at Tokio.

Hob. Japan.

Tephrosia (?) tindzinaria.

Tephrosia tindzinaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 26, pi. v. fig. 75
(1893).

Recorded by Oberthur from Ta-tsien-Lou (Ta-chien-lu).
My collectors did not obtain this species, which, judging
from the figure, is probably referable to Cidaria.
Hob. "Western China.

Tephrosia (?) tamaria.

Tephrosia tamaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 26, pi. v. fig. 78
(1893).

Oberthur describes this species from specimens received by
him from Ta-tsien-Lou (Ta-chien-lu).

I have not seen an example, but from the figure I should
consider that it is probably referable to Cidaria.

Hob. Western China.

Genus BOARMIA.
(Treitschke, Eur. Schmett. v. p. 433 (1825).)

Boarmia farracearia, sp. n.

Slaty grey, mottled and powdered with whitish ; the most
conspicuous of these pale marks on the primaries are a large
patch on the costa enclosing the discal spot, one at apex, arid
a third about the middle of the outer margin ; all these mark-
ings are more or less powdered with grey ; there are three
dark transverse lines or bands, but these are not well defined;
submarginal line white and sharply serrated. Secondaries
have two indistinct blackish transverse bands and a black
discal spot ; submarginal line as on primaries. Fringes
white and dark grey, spotted with black at their base.
Under surface whitish : primaries have the costa dusky and
a deep blackish band on outer margin, spotted with whitish
at apex and on the middle ; secondaries have a broad blackish
antemarginal band ; all the wings have a black discal spot
and central line.

Expanse 42-46 millim.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 341

Five female specimens and one male from Wa-shan, Ta-
chien-lu, Chow-pin-sa, and Chia-ting-fu ; and one example
of each sex from Moupin : June and July.

These eight specimens exhibit a good deal of variation in
the amount of white : one example might be described as
having the primaries whitish, with dark grey basal patch
and broad submarginal band; this specimen, however, is
rather worn. In two others the primaries are shorter and
the outer margin rounder than in the type.

Var. fuUginaria.

Entirely suffused with fuliginous; submarginal line pale
and conspicuous.

One male specimen from Ichang, June.
Hob. Central and Western China.

Boarmia duplexa.

Cleora duplexa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 239 (1887).

Boarmia duplex, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 258 (1895).

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, and a female from
Omei-shan : July.

Distribution. Nepal; Sikhim (Hampson) ; Western China.

Boarmia nigrilinearia, sp. n.

Primaries ochreous grey, tinged with violaceous and irro-
rated with blackish ; first line black, curved, preceded by a
transverse blackish shade; second line black, sinuous, followed
by a cupreous band-like shade ; submarginal line blackish,
wavy, most distinct towards costa ; discal dot black. Second-
aries grey, suffused and mottled with fuscous on discal area,
the abdominal margin irrorated with blackish and marked with
ochreous towards anal angle ; central line blackish but rather
obscure. Fringes grey, marked with fuscous, and preceded
by an interrupted blackish line. Under surface grey, suffused
and irrorated, especially on secondaries, with fuscous ; all
the wings have a dusky discal dot and central line ; primaries
have traces of a submarginal line most distinct towards the
costa.

Expanse 34 millim.

One male specimen from Kia-ting-fu, June.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia lenticularia, sp. n.

Primaries whitish, dusted with black and clouded with
olivaceous ; there is a black spot at the base ; first transverse

342 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

line slightly indented ; second line dentate, curved from
below costa to above inner margin ; subrnarginal line black,
interrupted and indistinct ; discal spot elongate. Secondaries
whitish, freckled with brownish ; discal spot black ; central
line blackish, interrupted. Under surface whitish, freckled
with brown ; the transverse markings of upper surface
faintly reproduced on all the wings.

Expanse 34 millim.

One female specimen from Wa-ssu-kow, June.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia recurvaria, sp. n.

Primaries brown, rather reddish on inner marginal area,
and clouded with black at the base; there are two black
transverse lines : the first is elbowed below costa and then
runs almost straight to. inner margin, the second commences
in a spot on costa above the elongate black discal spot and is
then curved and recurved to inner margin ; submarginal
line brownish black, indented below costa, interrupted below
the middle, and outwardly edged with pale brown ; the space
between first and second lines is rather tinged with grey, and
its upper portion sprinkled with black scales ; the outer mar-
ginal area is also sprinkled with black scales. Secondaries
pale brown, freckled with fuscous, except on the upper
portion of the outer marginal area ; discal spot and central
line black, from the middle of the former there is a short
downward streak which gives the idea of a line running
in the direction of the anal angle. Fringes concolorous with
the wings, and preceded by a blackish line. Under surface
pale brown, basal and outer third of primaries darker, discal
spot black 5 secondaries freckled with fuscous as above ; spot
and line also as above. Antenna ciliated.

Expanse 42 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Htib. Western China.

Boarmia decor 'aria , sp. n.

White, sparingly powdered with brown, more thickly on
basal area, which is limited by a double blackish line in-
dented below costa and above inner margin ; there are
indications of a central band most conspicuous on the costa ;
outer marginal area, limited by a curved and recurved blackish
wavy line, has two brownish clouds on apical portion ; sub-
marginal line blackish, much interrupted and inwardly
bordered with brownish. Secondaries have a blackish discal

from China, Japan, and Corea. 343

dot, and the outer marginal area is marked similar to that of
primaries. Fringes whitish, marked with brownish, and
preceded by an interrupted black line. Under surface
whitish, powdered with fuscous ; all the wings have a black
discal dot, an ill-defined dusky central shade, and a series of
blackish dots beyond.

Expanse 25 millim.

A female specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia tripartaria, sp. n.

Primaries brownish, with a broad whitish central band :
first line curved ; second line sinuous — these lines are black
and there is blackish suffusion beyond the middle of the
central band ; there is a small blackish cloud on middle of
costa. Secondaries greyish white, with a brownish, oblique,
central line. Fringes brown and grey. Under surface
greyish, freckled with darker : all the wings have dusky
central lines. Antennae finely ciliated.

Expanse 40 millim.

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

This species superficially resembles Boarmia grisea, Butl.

Boarmia lutearia.
Fidonia lutearia, Leech, Entom., Supp]. p. 50 (May 1891).

Three specimens from Oiwake in Pryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Boarmia petrosa.
Tephrosia petrosa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 372 (1879).

Several specimens from Oiwake and one from Gifu in
Pryer's collection.

I obtained the species at Tsuruga in July. Pryer also
records it from Ohoyama and Nikko, and there is an ex-
ample from Hakodate in the National Collection at South
Kensington.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Boarmia opertaria, sp. n.

Primaries greyish, freckled with blackish ; basal and outer
marginal thirds brownish, each limited by a blackish line ;
there is a central, blackish, transverse shade with the black
discal spot upon it, this terminates on inner margin near to
the limiting line of outer third ; submarginal band of the

344 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

ground-colour, indistinct towards inner margin, and inwardly
edged with fuliginous. Secondaries brownish, freckled and
striated with blackish ; the blackish discal spot is preceded
by a blackish transverse band, and followed by a series of
blackish dots representing a central line ; submarginal line
as on primaries but more obscure. Fringes pale brown, pre-
ceded by a black lunulated line. Under surface greyish
brown, suffused on the disc with fuliginous ; all the wings
have two blackish transverse lines, with the discal spot upon
the first one; costa of primaries pale ochreous brown, striated
with blackish. Antennae fasciculate.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen in Fryer's collection, and I received
one from Mr. Manley of Yokohama.

Hob. Japan.

Boarmia tristaria, sp. n.

Brownish grey. Primaries have fuliginous-brown sub-
basal, central, and outer bands, the two latter approximating
on inner margin : all these markings are repeated on second-
aries. The submarginal line is whitish on all the wings,
but not so well defined as in B. mcesta. Under surface pale
ochreous brown powdered with darker, and suffused with the
darker colour on primaries ; discal spot black ; outer line
only reproduced. Antennas fasciculate.

Expanse 44 millim.

Two male specimens from Kiukiang, June.

Hob. Central China.

This species agrees with B. mcesta in the style of marking,
but the ground-colour is darker and without any tinge of
purple. The antennae also are fasciculated and not bipectinated
as in B. mcesta. It belongs to the Pro-china section of
Boarmia , Hampson, as also does B. opertaria.

Boarmia char on.

Tephrosia charon, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 397 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 35, pi. xlix. fig. 4 (1879).

A few specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection. I captured examples at Nagasaki in May.
One female specimen from Chang-yang, June.
Distribution. Japan ; Kiushiu ; Central China.

Boarmia conjunctaria^ sp. n.

Male. — Fale brown, heavily clouded and suffused with
dark and rufous brown. Primaries have two black, wavy,

from China, Japan, and Corea. 345

transverse lines and a dusky central transverse shade, the
latter connected with second line just above inner margin ;
interrupted submarginal band of the ground-colour, bordered
inwardly with fuliginous. Secondaries have a blackish
subbasal band and an indistinct blackish central line ; sub-
marginal band as on primaries, but more deeply bordered
with fuliginous. Fringes dark brown, paler at their base,
and preceded by a lunulated black line. Under surface
greyish brown ; all the wings have a blackish discal dot
and a series of short streaks indicating a transverse line
beyond ; outer margin of primaries bordered with fuliginous,
especially towards apex. Antennae fasciculate.

Female rather darker.

Expanse 42-44 millim.

One example of each sex from Ta-chien-lu, June.

Hob. Western China.

Superficially resembles B. displicens, Walk. ; this and the
preceding species belong to the subsection Paradarisa of
Hampson's genus Boarmia.

Boarmia dilectaria, sp. n.

Whity brown, heavily powdered and clouded with rufous
brown, and finely striated with blackish. Primaries have
the basal patch darker brown, limited by a double, wavy,
blackish line originating in a dark quadrate spot on the
costa ; discal spot black, surmounted by a blackish spot
on the costa ; beyond there is a blackish transverse line,
which is angulated below costa and again above inner
margin ; submarginal band represented by a dark cloud on
costa, with one below it and an upright elongate patch from
inner margin. Secondaries have a black discal spot ; serrated
blackish central line ; submarginal band interrupted above
the middle and indistinct towards costa. Fringes of the
ground-colour, chequered with blackish, and preceded by a
black lunular line. Under surface ochreous brown ; mark-
ings of upper surface faintly indicated. Body dark brown.
Antennae fasciculated.

Expanse 50 millim.

One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu, June.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia boarmiaria.

Hypochroma boarmiaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 282 (1857).
Hoarmia inconclusa, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxi. p. 382 (1860). ^
Hoarmia boarmiaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 261
(1895).

One specimen from Kagoshima, in the province of Satsuma,
in Fryer's collection.

346 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Distribution. Formosa ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Nagas ; Ceylon
(Hampson) ; Kiushiu.

Boarmia parvularia.
Tephrosia parvularia, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 47 (May 1891).

Two specimens of each sex from Gifu in Fryer's collection.
Hab. Japan.

This species is allied to B. mceptaria. Walk., which
Hampson places in the Psilalcis section of Boarmia.

Boarmia Rybakowi.

JBoarmia Rybakowi, Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 61, pi. iii. fig. 4, c?
(1892).

Alphe'raky records this species from Ou-pin, province of
Kan-sou, July.

Boarmia selenaria.

Geometra selenaria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 163.

Ophthalmodes cretacea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 373

(1879).
Boarmia selenaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 264

(1895).
Ascotis selenaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 106.

There were four male and three female specimens in Fryer's
collection.

I met with the species at Nagahama in June, and at
Fushiki and Gensan in July.

I have also received the species from Ichang, Omei-shan,
Ta-chien-lu, Chow-pin-sa, Chia-ting-fu : June and July.
Alphe'raky (Rom. sur Le*p. vi. p. 60) records it from the
province of Kan-sou, taken in September.

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas; Nepal; Kha*sis ; Congo;
S. Africa ( Hampson ) ; Europe ; Altai ; Amur ; Corea ;
Japan ; Central and Western China.

Boarmia sordida.
Ascotis sordida, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 435 (1894).

Frobably a small form of B. selenaria.
Hab. Corea.

Boarmia stipitaria.

JBoarmia stipitaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 45, pi. iv. fig. 6. <$
(1880) ; Graser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 400.

Six male specimens and one female, from Oiwake and
Yesso, in Fryer's collection. I captured one male example at
Gensan in June.

from Chinaj Japan, and Corea. 347

The wings of this species are white, as Oberthiir correctly
describes them; but his figure represents a brownish-tinged
insect.

Distribution. Askold ; Amur ; Japan ; Corea.

Boarmia glabraria.

Geometra glabmria, Hiibn. Geom. tigs. 162, 339.

Cleora glabraria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 233.

Selidosema ylabraria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 106.

There was one specimen in Fryer's collection, and I took
two examples at Shikotan (Kurile Islands) in August. I
have one female from the province of Kwei-chow, taken in
July ; this specimen has a rather broad border on outer
margin of primaries.

Distribution. Europe; Japan; Kurile Islands; Western
China.

Boarmia repandaria.

Phal. Geometra repandata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 866.
Boarmia repandaria, Treit., Guen. Phal. i. p. 238 (1857).
Selidosema repandata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1892, p. 106.
Boarmia perspicuata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 630.
Boarmia trikotaria, Feld. Reis. Nov. v. pi. cxxvi. fig. 10 (1874).
Boarmia iterata, Butl. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886, p. 389.
Aids nudipennis, Warr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 320.
Boarmia repandata, var. nobilis, Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 61 (1892).

Appears to be a common species in Central and Western
China.

Some of the specimens are not separable in any way from
more or less typical European examples. The majority,
liowever, although modifications of the form, are referable to
trikotaria, Feld. There are also specimens agreeing with
iterata, Butl., on the one hand, and with nudipennis^ Warr.,
on the other, and the connecting-links between these two
forms are represented.

One specimen of the iterata form was taken by my native
collector at Ningpo.

Var. obsoletariaj nov.

Pale brownish grey ; markings, with the exception of
discal dots and obscure dark transverse lines, obsolete.

Four male specimens from How-kow, Thibet : July.

Distribution. Europe ; Armenia ; Altai ; Siberia ; Amur ;
N.W. India; Central, Western, and North-eastern China;
Thibet.

348 On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China &c.

Boarmia picata.
Boarmia picata, JButl. Trans. Ent, Soc. 1881, p. 408.

Three specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection ;
Butler's type was from Tokio.

I am inclined to think that B. picata, Butl., is only a form
of B. repandata, but should like to see a larger number of
specimens before giving a definite opinion.

The markings are, as regards colour, similar to those of
B. repandatay var. conversaria, but they are transposed.

Nab. Japan.

Boarmia columbinaria, sp. n.

Basal half of primaries dark grey, its external edge clearly
defined, dentated and marked with black on the costa and
inner margin ; beyond there is a large white patch, the costal
portion of which increases in width as it approaches the inner
margin ; a wavy white line traverses this pale band from the
white patch to inner margin, where it is most distinct ; the
outer marginal area is not quite so dark as the basal half of
the wing, and about its middle there is an almost square
pale patch ; submarginal line whitish, bordered inwardly with
dark grey. Secondaries have the basal third dark grey,
clearly defined ; outer third not so dark as the basal j the
intermediate area is whitish, dusted with grey, most densely
towards the outer area, and traversed by a narrow inter-
rupted blackish band. Fringes pale grey, variegated with
darker and preceded by a lunulated blackish line. Under
surface fuliginous grey, with pale patches on central area,
apex, and middle of outer margin of primaries ; the basal two
thirds of secondaries also pale. Antenna bipectinated.

Expanse 48 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, June.

Hob. Central China.

Boarmia secundaria.

Geometra secundaria, Hiibn. Geom. pi. xxix. fig. 156.

Boarmia secundaria, Dup. Lep. iv. pi. clxii. fig. 2 ; Guen. Phal. i.

p. 237.
Selidosema secundaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 106.

Four specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection seem to be referable to this species. The trans-
verse markings, however, are not so distinct, and the second
line of primaries is less serrated.

This form may be known as var. simpliciaria.

Distribution. Europe ; Japan.

On a new Mouse from Damaraland. 349

Boarmia cinctaria.

Geometra cinctaria, Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 101 ; Hiibn. Geom. fig. 166.
Boarmia cinctaria, Treit. Schmett. vi. 1, p. 188 ; T)up. Lep. vii.

pi. clix. figs. 2, 3.

Selidosema cinctaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 105.
Boarmia insolita, Butl. Aim. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 396 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 34, pi. xlix. fig. 5 (1879).

There was a fine series from Oiwake and Yesso in Fryer's
collection. My native collector took specimens at Hakodate
in June.

Some of the specimens are identical with European examples,
but others are of the pale form which Butler has described as
insolita, a variety of B. cinctaria^ which, according to
Grseser, also occurs in Amurland.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Eastern Siberia; Amur;
Japan ; Yesso.

[To be continued.]

XXXII. — On a new Mouse from Damaraland.
By W. E. DE WlNTON.

IN a paper on a small collection of rodents made by Mr. C. J.
Andersson in Damaraland, Mr. Oldfield Thomas (P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 266) rei'ers four specimens of a mouse to Mus silaceus,
Wagn. This determination was found to be wrong by
Mr.^Thomas himself on visiting the Munich Museum some
years later, when he was able to examine Wagner's type.
As I have lately been working at the rodents of South Africa,
Mr. Thomas very kindly asked me to look at these mice,
giving me the benefit of his valuable notes and drawings of
the skull of Mus silaceus made on the spot. I find the
Damaraland mice belong to an undescribed species of a group
of which I believe the form hitherto known is Mus nigricauda
from the same locality and described in the paper referred
to above.

The species may be known as

Mus damarensiSj sp. n.

Size somewhat larger than Mus sylvaticus. Fur long and
soft of that peculiar colour usually associated with desert-
living species. Colour above reddish fawn or isabelline,
sparingly sprinkled with very fine darker hairs, the colour
richest along the dorsal line, fading gradually into grey on
the sides and cheeks, all the lower parts with the ieet and
hands pure white, the hairs being white to their bases. Ears

350 Geological Society.

very large, covered inside and out with short reddish hairs.
Whiskers long and numerous. Tail long, about equal in
.length to the head arid body ; the proximal half having short
hairs of the same colour as the back ; on the distal portion the
fine silky hairs gradually lengthen till it may be called bushy ;
these longer hairs are almost liver-colour throughout. The
scales, which are almost entirely concealed by the hair
throughout the length of the tail, are exceedingly fine, about
twenty to the centimetre. The feet are thick in the digital
portion, the pads very large and rounded, entirely covering
the fore part of the foot. The claws of both fore and hind
feet are very small and curved, almost concealed by the
hairs.

The actual locality of the type (B. M. no. 97. 2. 18. 1) is
unknown, but one of the specimens is endorsed "Otjimbinque,
Damaraland."

Measurements (taken from the skin) : —

Head and body 135 millim. ; tail 135 * ; ear (relaxed)
20-5 ; hind foot (relaxed) 24.

The skull is chiefly remarkable in having extremely wide
open infraorbital openings and very short snout. The supra-
orbital ridges are well developed, but not beaded. The teeth
are rather broad. The palate narrow and furrowed; the
foramina extend back about half the length of EiJ, the back
of the palate is even with the back of the molars.

Measurements : — Skull 31 millim. ; br. 16 ; constr. 4'5 ;
nasals 10'5 X 2'5 ; interpar. 4*5 X 9*5 ; hens, to back of pal.
13-1; pal. foram. 7'5; ^_3 5*3 ; diastema 7'5 ; br. outside
I^J 6, inside 2*5 ; mandible, length (bone only) 17; to tips of
incisors 20, height 9'2.

PROCEEDINGS OP LEABNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

January 6, 1897.— Dr. Henry Hicks, F.E.S.,
President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read : —

]. 'On the Structure of the Skull of a Pliosaur.' By C. W.
Andrews, Esq., B.Sc., E.G.S.

The paper deals with a specimen of the Plesiosaurian known as
Pliosaurus ferox, Sauvage, obtained by Mr. A. IN. Leeds from the
Oxford Clay near Peterborough, and now in the British Museum,

* The tail of the type specimen "being broken, this measurement is
taken from another specimen (B. M. no. 81. 8. 3. 11) from the same locality
of about the same size.

Geological Society. 351

and perhaps the finest Pliosaur skull known. It bears a great
similarity to Peloneustes philarchus, but there are a number of
differences which tend to show that the subject of the present
communication is not the skull of an old individual of Peloneustes.
Although the teeth of the fossil here described agree precisely with
those described by Sauvage from the same horizon at Boulogne
under the name Liopleurodon ferox, they differ considerably from
those of the Kimeridge Clay upon which Owen founded the genus
Pliosaurus ; they, however, show a distinct tendency towards the
typical form, and since the skull and skeleton of the Oxfordian and
Kimeridgian forms are, so far as known, closely similar, the Author
prefers for the present to follow the British Museum Catalogue in
referring them both to one genus, Pliosaurus.

The Author gives a detailed description of the skull which forms
the subject of the paper.

February 3, 1897.— Dr. Henry Hicks, P.R.S.,
President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read : —

1. ' The Subgenera Petalograptus and GepTialograptusJ By
Miss G. L. Elles.

The forms referred to in the paper are accepted as subgenera
of Diplograptus, as defined by Lapworth. The two subgenera
have frequently been much confused, but examination of specimens
preserved in relief shows that they have very distinctive characters,
especially at the proximal ends. The Author gives diagnoses of
the two subgenera, and detailed descriptions of the following
forms : — Petalograptus folium, His. ; P. palmeus, Barr., and varieties
latus, Barr., tenuis, Barr., ovato-elongatus, Kurck ; P. ovalus, Barr. ;
P. n. sp. ; Ceplialograptus cometa, Gein, ; and G. n. sp.

She concludes that Petalograptus has been derived from Ortho-
graptus foliaceus, 0. truncatus having been a step on the way. The
latter form has an almost horizontal connecting-canal, so that the first
of the second series of hydrotheca3 arises at nearly the same level as
the first of the primordial series ; whilst, if the connecting-canal
became more oblique and the theca3 more concavely curved, a form
identical with P. palmeus would be the result. Purther changes
would give rise to P. n. sp., and subsequently to P. folium. When
the first theca of the second series arises so late that the sicula is
entirely free on the side remote from that on which the first of the
primordial series arises, an important stage is reached, and the form
becomes a Cephalograptus. Such a form is furnished by G. n. sp.,
which is in some respects intermediate between Petalograptus and
Geplialograptus. The extreme form is reached in G. cometa, in
which the first hydrotheca of the second series is still later, the
hydrothecse are still longer than those of earlier forms and almost
parallel to the long axis of the rhabdosoma. The other known
forms of Petalograptus may have been derived from P. palmeus.

352 Miscellaneous.

It seems exceedingly likely that the Petalograpti had a Pliyllo-
graptus as a remote ancestor, but the evidence for this is not yet
complete, nor can the Author state whether Cephalogra/ptus had a
further stage in a form of Dimorphograptus.

MISCELLANEOUS.

What are the Names of the Crayfish and Lobster ?
By E. I. POCOCK.

THE hope of being able to supply an answer to the above question
gives me the courage at this juncture to intervene in the discussion
concerning Astacus and Potamobius started in the ; Annals ' of last
December by Prof. Eell ; for, in spite of all that has been written
on the subject, it may be doubted whether those who are not
specially conversant with the questions of nomenclature that have
been raised are any more enlightened as to the correct names of
these now famous crustaceans than they were before the contro-
versy began.

It seems to 'me, however, that the question may be set at rest by
the application of a principle in nomenclature which is becoming
widely accepted amongst systematic zoologists, and will doubtless be
universally admitted when our views are a little more coherent and
advanced than they are at the present time. It is one of the
principles for selecting the type species of a genus when no type
has been designated by its author, and may be stated as follows : —
When the name of a genus is the same as that of one of its compo-
nent species, that species is the type of the genus.

If this principle be applied to the case of the lobster and the
crayfish, it will be found that the name Astacus must be attached to
the latter, for in both the tenth and twelfth editions of the
' Systema ' Linnaeus called the Swedish crayfish Cancer astacus ;
and since Astacus was subsequently used by both Gronovius and
Fabricius as a generic term for a group comprising amongst other
species the Cancer astacus of Linnaeus, the latter is ipso facto the
type of the genus Astacus. Therefore the name of the Swedish
crayfish is Astacus astacus (Linn.). With Astacus thus fixed
definitely on to the crayfish, Homarus will, it seems, without let or
hindrance, resume its place for the lobster, with the specific name
gammarus which Linnaeus assigned to it.

This appears to me to be a sensible and simple solution of this and
other similar cases. In the present instance it does away with
difficulties arising in connexion with the subsequent actions of
Leach, White, Milne-Edwards, and others, and is independent of the
selection of the tenth or twelfth edition of the ' Systema ' as the
starting-point in systematic zoology.

In conclusion, there is one little point about which it may perhaps
be permitted to me to put Mr. Stebbing right. Erom some words
that appear in his contribution to the present discussion it is to be
inferred, though perhaps wrongly, that he considers a semi-official
system of nomenclature to be in vogue at the Natural History

Miscellaneous. 353

Museum, and agreement on this point to exist amongst the members
of the staff. Happily nothing could be further from the truth.
There may be some subjects about which unanimity could be
found, but nomenclature is certainly not one of them.

The Lobster and the Crayfish: a Reply.
By the Rev. THOMAS R. R. STEBBING, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S.

Pallas, in his « Spicilegia Zoologica,' fasc. ix. p. 81, speaks of a
crayfish as Astacus dauuricus. Since this was in 1772, Dr. Arnold
Ortmann, in a courteous letter, asks what bearing this may be
thought to have on the claim of Fabricius in 1775 to rank as the
first Linnean authority for Astacus. Dr. Ortmann indicates in
advance his acceptance of the appropriate answer. Pallas is neither
defining a genus nor even instituting anew species, for he speaks of
Astacus dauuricus as a variety of the common crayfish, and proceeds
to give a " Descriptio Cancri dauurici," in which he says that
" Forma atque proportione Astaco nostrati minori persimilis est."
It is evident that he is using Astacus only as a customary designa-
tion for a subdivision of the still-maintained genus Cancer, and by
his reference to a minor Astacus he implies a major species, which
would have had preference as type if at that time any question
had arisen as to the proper type species of Astacus. In his index
dauuricus becomes dauricus, but under neither spelling can it become
the type of a genus which by the very terms of the description
possessed an earlier species.

From Pallas I must return to Professor Bell and endeavour to
deal in orderly method with the six points of his crushing reply.

(i.) In regard to the date of Nephrops, he is surprised at my
supposing that he referred to Leach's article " Crustaceology,"
instead of to Leach's paper in vol. xi. of the Linnean ' Transactions.'
Yet what else could or can be supposed, since he himself gave the
date 1814, which applies to the former and does not apply to the
latter ? To be sure the " Crustaceology " is unsigned, and an
edition of it may have appeared in 1813, but, seeing that Leach
claimed it as his own on the very first day of January, 1815, it is
rather my turn to be surprised that Professor Bell should refer to
it as " an anonymous article of uncertain date."

(ii.) That the genera of Gronovius " are as good as those of"
Brisson may or may not be true, but that the particular genus
Astacus was instituted by Gronovius, or was so defined or so used
by Gronovius as to give him any title to be the authority for it, may
be with confidence denied. Besides, the whole question turns on
the choice of a type species, and the Gronovian species are admittedly
out of court.

(iii.) That 1758 has long been held by many naturalists to be
" the zoological ab urbe condita of binominal chronology " I was not
unaware ; but in 1890 the authorities of the British Museum had
not yet endorsed that excellent opinion. To the question whether
I know " that 1758 has been well called" by the terms of the above
quotation, my answer would be in the negative, for, though the

A™ &. Mnn N. Hist. Sp.r. fi. Vol. xix. 25

354 Miscellaneous.

sentiment is sound, it is not well but ill expressed. There was no
need for a confusion of languages in the macaronic stjde, nor for
comparing the definite and well-known year 1758 with the disputed
and uncertain date of the foundation of Borne. But I fear that
Professor Bell only asked the question mischievously, to lure me
into " gibing," as he calls it, at some fearfully eminent person.

(iv., v.) It seems essential once more emphatically to explain
that Desmarest never mentions Potamobius at all, though Professor
Bell, misquoting himself as well as Desmarest, insists that he does.
In his first paper the professor accurately cited Desmarest's sugges-
tion that Potamobia of Leach might be the same as the river-crab
Thelphusa. Now he persuades himself that Desmarest definitely
said that " Leach's Potamobius was a river-crab." Leach, in 1818,
applied a French name — Potamobie — to some genus of crustaceans,
but without a single word of description ; so that, had the name
been valid in form, it would still have been absolutely without any
scientific importance. In 1823 Desmarest Latinizes the name into
Potamobia, and hazards a guess at the application intended. Mean-
while, in!819, through Samouelle's 'Compendium,' and very obviously
without the knowledge of Desmarest, Leach had assigned the cray-
fish to a properly constituted genus Potamobius. Now, lastly, in
1897 Professor Bell apparently wishes us to believe that Potamobius
was somehow preoccupied in 1819, because Desmarest made a
casual allusion to a wholly indefinite Potamobia in 1823 !

(vi.) Prom the solemn severity of tone in his closing paragraph
it seems as if Professor Bell imagined that his reputation as a
naturalist was involved in this discussion. He should not harbour
such a thought. The controversy has been, not about nature, but
about names. From Leach's ' Malacostraca Podophthalmata Bri-
tanniae,' as completed in recent times by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, it will
be seen that I have been fighting on the side of a long line of
authorities of the British Museum. Professor Bell, out of charity
or out of friendship, should allow this to weigh in the balance
against the sad offence — of which he hopes (perhaps against hope)
that I have by this time repented, — the unwitting offence of gibing
at men of renown, living and dead, infallible, authors of text-books.

Nocturnal protective Coloration in Mammals, Birds, Fishes, Insects,
6fc., as developed by Natural Selection *. By A. E. VEEEILL.

Much has been written in respect to the imitative and protective
colours of these groups, as seen by daylight, and the bearing of
these facts on natural selection is well known. Very little attention
has been paid to their colours, as seen by twilight, moonlight, and
starlight. Yet it is evident that protection is more needed during
the night than in the daytime by a very large number of species.
This is the case with those that move about in search of their food
at night, as is the habit of numerous forms of small mammals, such
as rodents (rats, mice, arvicolse, &c.), insectivores (moles, shrews,
&c.), many herbivores, various marsupials, and members of other

* Abstract of a paper read before the Morphological Society, Dec. 30,
1896.

Miscellaneous. 355

orders. Many carnivorous species, which seek their prey at night,
will also find advantages in such protective colours, for thus they
will more easily escape the notice of their prey. Hence many
nocturnal carnivores are black or nearly so, as the mink, fishes,
some bears, &c. The same principles will apply to birds, reptiles,
fishes, and to insects, both in their larval and adult states, for many
members of all these groups are very active at night and hide away
in holes or beneath dense herbage by day. Moreover, large numbers
of birds, fishes, and insects, that are active by day, rest in exposed
situations at night, and are thus liable to be destroyed by nocturnal
enemies. Most small birds roost in trees, bushes, or reeds, and
therefore need protection while sleeping. Most small fishes, that
are quiet at night, rest among sea-weeds, grasses, and stones, or
else directly upon the bottom, exposed to the attacks of many
nocturnal carnivorous species. The struggle for existence is severe
among such species. It is to be expected, therefore, that instances
of nocturnal protective coloration will become numerous when
looked for. The chief object of the present paper is to call the
attention of more observers to this subject.

In many cases the same colours are equally protective in daylight
and at night. This is the case with the green colours, so often
seen in the plumage of birds that live among foliage, and with the
various shades of brown and grey, — common colours of birds, and
mammals that live on the ground, among rocks or dead leaves, and
of those that live on or among tree-trunks. The same applies to
the white colours of mammals and birds in winter and in the arctic
regions. But there are many colours that are not in the least pro-
tective by day, yet are eminently so by night. In general, the
black and very dark colours, common in mammals, birds, and insects,
are protective at night and not by day. One of the most obvious
effects of moonlight is to give very strong or black shadows, in
which black or dark animals become invisible, or nearly so. This
invisibility is often increased by sharply contrasted stripes or
patches of white or light yellow, which look like patches of moon-
light falling across a dark shadow, and thus serve to break up the
outlines of bird or beast that might otherwise be recognized.
Transverse black or dark brown bands on fishes that rest among eel-
grass or sea-weeds tend to render the outlines of the fish indistinct,
because they look like the shadows and shaded surfaces of the
weeds. Black fins and tails have a similar effect in concealing or
destroying the outline of fishes. The striped colours of the tiger
have the same effect when it lives among the stalks of reeds, etc.,
and are probably much more effective in twilight or moonlight than
by day. The same is true of the spotted pattern of the leopard,
panther, and jaguar.

A great number of small nocturnal mammals, belonging to diverse
groups, have dark grey and greyish-brown colours (mouse-colours),
which are highly protective at night, but are usually not at all so
in the daytime, for such colours are conspicuous among the green
herbage which they frequent and on which most of them feed.
Moreover, nearly all such mammals hide away in holes in the day-

356 Miscellaneous.

time. I have noticed that our common meadow-mouse (Arvicola\
which is very dark grey, is scarcely to be seen even in a moonlight
night in localities where it is very abundant among grass, and when
large numbers are so near that the sound made by their teeth in
feeding is very evident. Among insects there are multitudes of
instances of colours that are evidently nocturnally protective and
which can be explained only on the basis of natural selection,
favouring the variations in colour that are in this way most useful.
Such colours may or may not be more or less protective in the
daytime. Frequently they appear to be just the opposite of pro-
tective in the daytime. Thus many butterflies have bright colours
that are very conspicuous by daylight and which do not in any way
match their customary surroundings. This applies to those species
that are black or dark blue, striped or blotched with white, yellow,
or orange, and to many species that are spotted or striped with red,
orange, and black on the upper surface of the wings, and often also
beneath, so that they are conspicuous whether flying or at rest.
Their active habits and acute senses probably give them fair pro-
tection by day. At night, when resting with the wings folded, the
colours of the underside of the wings usually blend very perfectly
with those of the flowers on which they roost. Many of our species
of Argynnis and allied genera are marked with red, orange, and
brown, while there are bright silvery patches on the underside of
the wings, which are exposed when at rest. I have observed that
these butterflies become very inconspicuous in the moonlight, when
sleeping on the goldenrod and other favourite flowers, and that their
silvery spots imitate very closely the dew-drops that surround
them.

Numerous nocturnal insects that live on the ground are black or
dark brown, which are colours that are protective only at night.
This is true of most ground-beetles, many crickets, cockroaches,
ants, &c. Many of these insects hide away in the daytime, so that
no protective colours are then needed. But many insects that are
exposed both during the day and at night have acquired green or
yellowish colours that are protective at all times, when living among
foliage. Green grasshoppers, katydids, &c. are examples.

In general, patches, stripes, or spots of strongly contrasted dark
and light colours are more likely to be of use by moonlight than by
daylight, whether on birds or insects. Reptiles are to a large
extent diurnal in their habits and many kinds hide in holes and
crevices when at rest, so that our native species of this group
appear to afford few good instances of evident nocturnal protective
colours, though many may occur when the habits of tropical species
become better known. Among nocturnal amphibians protective
colours are common, and in many cases they appear to be exclusively
for nocturnal protection. Our native nearly black species of
salamanders (Amblystoma punctatum and A. opacum) have con-
spicuous spots or blotches of white or light yellow. It is evident
that these colours have been acquired by natural selection in conse-
quence of the nocturnal protection that they afford. — Amer. Journ.
Sci., February 1897, pp. 132-134.

Messrs. M. Caullery and F. Mesnil on Spirorbis. 413

determination of the relation between Mollusca and Vermes.
The early notions on this subject extend far back ; it has
been set forth in various ways more or less explicit since
1844 by Quatrefages, P. J. van Beneden, Carl Vogt, de
Lacaze-Duthiers, Morch, Gegenbaur, von Ihering, Giard,
Hatschek &c.

In 1881 (' Les Colonies animales,' p. 631 et seq.} I
endeavoured to approach more closely than my predecessors
the question which I had already treated in my course at the
Museum in 1877, and to define the resemblances of the
Gasteropods, considered as the basis of the Mollusca, to the
tubicolar Annelids. I remarked in particular (' Les Colonies
animales,' p. 640) that the cephalobranchiate Annelids present,
like the Gasteropods, *' numerous traces of asymmetry;
the Spirographs have one of the cephalic branchiae almost
entirely atrophied. Normally in the Serpulidae there should
be two opercular appendices, usually but one is developed.
The twist of the spiral, so frequent in Gasteropod Molluscs,
is found among the Annelids in Spirorbis" This twisting is
complicated, according to the interesting researches of
MM. Caullery and Mesnil, by an asymmetry external and
internal of the most marked kind, and which is equally charac-
teristic of Gasteropods. The resemblances of Mollusks to
cephalobranchiate Annelids is thus strongly accentuated ;
they are, in truth, in part the resemblances of convergence.
Is it now permissible to attribute the asymmetry of Spirorbis
entirely to adaptive modifications in their anatomy induced
by their habitat in the interior of a spiral tube ? There are
certain distinctions to be drawn. We have seen already
that there are very clear indications of asymmetry in the
Serpulidse whose tubes are not spiral; on the other hand, it
is the Spirorbis which has constructed its tube, and this tube
cannot roll itself into a spiral by reason of an asymmetry
already existing, partly at least, in the animal which has
produced it. This initial asymmetry is no doubt due to an
active cause like that which shows itself in Mollusks (Perrier,
1 Trait^ de Zoologie/ p. 2071) ; once the tube is formed, it can
accentuate itself by reason of the special conditions of exist-
ence it imposes on the animal. But it is essential to remark
that these things do not occur here as in the Paguridae, which
have adapted for their habitation helicoidal tubes already
made.

ME. H. LANfet

414 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

XLIII. — On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan} and
Corea. By JOHN HENRY LEECH, B.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.

[Continued from p. 349.]

Boarmia venustaria. (PI. VII. fig. 2.)
Boarmia venustaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 44 (May 1891).

Five specimens, including both sexes, from Oiwake in
Fryer's collection.
Hal. Japan.

Boarmia leucophcea.

Boarmia leucophaa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 395 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 33, pi. xlviii. fig. 12 (1879).
Boarmia elegans, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 31, pi. i. fig. 4 (1884).

A very fine series from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's

collection, exhibiting considerable variation. My specimens
of the male agree exactly with Butler's type of B. leucophcea
and also with Oberthiir's figure of elegans ; therefore I do
not hesitate to consider the latter synonymous with the
former.

The female is somewhat smaller than the male and the
ground-colour is grey.

Var. nigrofasciariaj nov.

Central shade of all the wings black and conspicuous ;
there is an oblique streak from this to outer margin, and all
the transverse lines are very distinct.

Distribution. Japan; Askold.

Boarmia angulifera.

Boarmia angulifera, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 396 (1878) j

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 33, pi. xlix. fig. 1 (1879).
Aids angulifera, ab. albiferaj Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 434 (1894).

There were several specimens from Oiwake and Nikko in
Fryer's collection. I obtained the species at Shikotan in
August and at Nikko in September; my native collector
captured a few examples at Gensan and in the island of Kiu-
shiuin July ; Butler's type was from Yokohama ; and I received
one female specimen from Omei-shan, taken in July.

In some specimens the space between the central lines on
primaries is hardly paler than the rest of the wing, in other
examples it is almost white.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Kiushiu ; Kurife Islands ;
Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 415

Boarmia obliquaria.
Hibernia olliquaria, Motsch. Etud. 1860, p. 37.

There was a nice series from Gifu in Fryer's collection and
there are specimens from Tokio and Yokohama in the National
Museum at South Kensington.

Hob. Japan.

Boarmia mcesta.

Boarmia mcesta, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 407.
Stenotrachelys cinerea, Butl. op. cit. p. 409.

There were four specimens in Fryer's collection ; three of
these are from Oiwake and were placed with B. conferenda.
The fourth specimen is Fryer's no. 328, which he states was
from Fujisan, taken at an elevation of 12,365 feet.

Butler's type of mcesta was from Yokohama and his cinerea
from Tokio.

Hab. Japan.

Boarmia crassestrigata.

Boarmia crassestrigata, Christoph. Bull. Mosc. iv. (2) p. 72 (1881).
Synopsia crassestriyata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 109.

A few specimens from Yesso in Fryer's collection. I cap-
tured some examples at Gensan in June and at Tsuruga in
July.

Distribution. Amur ; Japan, Yesso ; Corea.

Boarmia Buttneri.

Boarmia Buttneri, Hedem. Horse Soc. Ent. Ross. xvi. p. 54. pi. x.
fig. 6 (1881).

I took a nice series at Gensan in June, including one
example of the female, which differs from the male in having
rather broader wings.

All my specimens are deeper in colour than Hedemann's
figure.

Distribution. Amur; Corea.

Boarmia appositaria.
Boarmia appositaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 46 (May 1891).

A male specimen of this species, which is closely allied to
B. Buttneri, Hedem., was taken by my native collector at
Gensan in July. I have also received two male specimens
from Chang-yang and one from Moupin.

Distribution. Corea ; Central and Western China.

416 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Boarmia grisea.

Boarmia grisea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 396 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 33, pi. xlix. fig. 2 (1879).

A nice series from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection.

I obtained the species at Gensan in July, and at Ningpo I
met with it in the month of April.

I have received a male specimen from Kiukiang, taken in
May, and a female from Omei-shan, taken in July.

In some specimens the central fascia is very distinct, but
in others it is obscured by the ground-colour.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; North-eastern, Central, and
Western China.

Boarmia jejunaria, sp. n.

Brownish grey, with slight violet tinge ; basal area
suffused with ochreous. Primaries have a blackish discal
spot surmounted by some blackish scales, and there are
three transverse black lines — the first is slightly curved
towards costa, the second is obtusely angled below costa and
represented by dots on the neuration below the middle ; the
space between the lines is rather paler than the rest of the
wing ; submarginal line blackish and wavy, but not distinct.
Secondaries have an indistinct black discal spot, a wavy
blackish central line, and an indented submarginal line, also
blackish ; the basal area is freckled with blackish. Fringes
of the ground-colour, with black dots at their base between
the nervules. Under surface whitish brown ; all the wings
have a black discal spot, followed by an indistinct transverse
line, which does not extend to inner margin on primaries.

Expanse 38 millim.

One female specimen from Ni-tou, July.

Hah. Western China.

Boarmia lasifuscaria. (PL VII. fig. 14.)
Boarmia bastfuscaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 46 (May 1891).

There was one male specimen in Pryer's collection, and I
took an example of the same sex at Oiwake in October.
Hob. Japan.

Boarmia cor ear ia.

Boarmia corearia, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 44 (May 1891).
I took four male specimens and one female at Gensan in

from China} Japan, and Corea. 417

July, and I have received one male example from Chang-
yang, also taken in July.

Allied to B. grisea, Butl., but differs from that species in
the non-angulation of the second line.

Distribution. Corea ; Central China.

Boarmia sinuosaria.
Boarmia sinuosaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 47 (May 1891 ).

One male specimen taken by myself at Ningpo in April.
Hob. North-east China.

Boarmia definita.
Boarmia definita, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 407.

One male specimen from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
Butler's type was taken by Fenton at Tokio.
Hab. Japan.

Boarmia fuscomarginaria.
Boarmia fuscomaryinaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 45 (May 1891).

One female specimen taken by Mr. Smith at Hakone in
August.

Allied to B. corearia, but the lines on upper surface are
not angulated in the same way and the markings on under
surface are different.

Hab. Japan.

Boarmia fumosaria. (PL VII. fig. 5.)
Boarmia fumosaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 44 (May 1891).

Ten specimens, including both sexes, from Oiwake and
Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
Hab. Japan.

Boarmia ornataria. (PL VII. fig. 15.)

Boarmia ornataria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 45 (May 1891).
Boarmia ornataria, var. inornataria, Leech, I. c.

One example of the type form taken by a native collector
in the island of Kiushiu ; there was one specimen of the
variety in Fryer's collection.

Hab. Japan and Kiushiu.

Boarm ia flavolln earia.
Boarmia jlavolinearia, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 47 (May 1891).

There were two male specimens in Fryer's collection.
Hab. Japan.

418 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Boarmia montanaria, sp. n.

Primaries brown ; first line blackish, slightly curved and
preceded by a fuscous transverse shade ; second line blackish,
angulated below costa, thence oblique to inner margin ;
between these lines the costal area is filled in with pale
brown ; submarginal line whitish, preceded by a- fuscous
shade, which is broadest below the angle of the second line
and almost fills up the space between this line and the sub-
marginal; discal spot black and curved, its extremities
touching the blackish central shade and forming an annu-
lated mark. Secondaries grey-brown, striated and powdered
with darker brown ; the central line is indicated by a series
of black dots on the nervules ; there is an oblique dusky sub-
marginal streak and the anal portion of the indistinct pale
submarginal line is also bordered inwardly with dusky.
Fringes brown, marked with darker at extremities of the
nervules and preceded by a black lunulated line. Under
surface greyish, darker on apical area of primaries, and tinged
with ochreous on the costal area between the transverse lines ;
this last and also the discal spot are rather indistinct.
Antennae bipectinated.

Expanse 38 millim.

Seven male specimens from Omei-shan, Ni-tou, and Che-
tou: July.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia roboraria.

Geoimtra roboraria, Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 101 ; Hiibn. Geom. fig. 1B9-
Boarmia lunifera, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 395 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 32, pi. xlviii. fig. 10 (1879).
Boarmia arguta, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iv. p. 372 (1879).
Liastictis roboraria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103.

There were specimens from Ohoyama and Yesso in Fryer's
collection.

I obtained a specimen at Nagasaki in May, one at Hako-
date in August, and one at Nikko in September. Mr. Smith
took this species at Hakone in August.

B. lunifera, Butl., is identical with the dark form of
B. roboraria^ which Staudinger has named var. infuscata.
B. arguta, Butl., is also a form of B. roboraria in which the
transverse markings are well defined and conspicuous.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso \ Kiushiu.

Boarmia displicens.

Boarmia displicens, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 395 (1878) j
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 32, pi. xlviii. fig. 11 (1879).

There were some specimens from Ohoyama and Nik'ko in

from China, Japan, and Corea. 419

Fryer's collection. Mr. Smith took one at Hakone in August,
and I received a male specimen from Ichang, also% taken in
August.

Distribution. Japan ; Central China.

Boarmia consortaria.

Geometra consortaria, Fabr. Mant. Ins. p. 187 ; Hiibn. Geom. fig. 168.
Boarmia confer enda, Bull. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 395 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 32, pi. xlviii. fig. 8 (1879).
Diastictis consortaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 103.

A common insect in Japan and Corea. My collectors met
with it in all the localities they visited in Central and
Western China.

The Japanese specimens (referable to conferenda, Butl.)
are generally darker in colour, but they all have the charac-
teristic markings of consortaria.

The Chinese specimens are tinged with cinnamon-brown,
and some examples are much larger than the type.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Askold; Corea; Japan;
Western and Central China.

Boarmia corticaria, sp. n.

Male. — Pale brown, powdered with dark brown. Primaries
clouded with blackish before the whitish submarginal line :
first transverse line wavy, second oblique throughout the
middle of its course, but dentate below costa and above inner
margin, both black ; between these lines there is a black
spot and a blackish central shade, terminating in a dark
brown cloud on inner margin, and beyond the second line
there is a dark shade connecting the blackish clouding before
submarginal line with a smaller cloud on inner margin; from
this shade there are projections along the median nervules.
Secondaries have a black central spot, two transverse lines,
and a whitish submarginal line ; the latter is shaded inwardly
with blackish and the second black line is bordered outwardly
with dark brown. Fringes brown, preceded by a black
lunulated line. Under surface pale brown, irrorated with
darker brown ; there is a black spot and a broad submarginal
fuscous-brown band on each wing ; the latter is preceded by
a brownish line, which is bifurcated towards abdominal
margin and followed by some whitish patches on the outer
marginal area. Antennae bipectinated. Thorax agrees with
wings in colour ; collar dark brown ; tip of abdomen with a
tuft of long silky pale brown hairs.

Female. — Rather paler than the male on both surfaces.

Expanse, $ 76, ? 80 millim.

420 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Three specimens. One example of each sex from Chang-
yang and a male from Ichang : June and July.
flab. Central China.

Boarmia stolidaria, sp. n.

Whitish brown, finely striated with reddish brown. Pri-
maries have a dark irregular basal patch ; an obscure dark
brown subbasal transverse line, commencing in a darker
quadrate patch ; beyond there is a curved and recurved dark
brown transverse line, clouded on its middle ; the submar-
ginal band is twice interrupted. Secondaries have a slightly
elongate blackish discal spot, and a serrated dark transverse
line, marked with black on the nervules, beyond ; submar-
ginal band as on primaries. Under surface similar to above,
but the transverse lines of primaries are only faintly indicated.
Fringes brownish, tipped with blackish and preceded by a
black line.

Expanse, <£ 64, ? 70 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang and a female from
Ni-tou : July.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Boarmia majuscularia, sp. n.

Ochreous brown, irrorated with fuscous. Primaries have
three purplish-brown transverse lines, commencing in clouds
of the same colour on the costa ; the first is slightly curved,
the second is elbowed below costa, and the third is crenulate
and undulated and is followed by a large diffuse purplish-
brown cloud about the middle ; submarginal line whitish,
interrupted about the middle — the upper portion is inwardly
bordered with purplish brown towards costa, and intersects a
large patch of the same colour ; the lower portion is also
inwardly edged with purplish brown. Secondaries have a
brown discal spot and two transverse lines of the same colour ;
the outer one edged externally with whitish towards abdo-
minal margin. Fringes grey, marked with paler and preceded
by an interrupted brown line. Under surface similar to
above, but the ground-colour is paler and the transverse
markings are only faintly indicated on primaries.

Expanse 74 millim.

One female specimen in Pryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Boarmia Pryeraria, sp. n.
Whity brown, tinged with ochreous and marked with

from C/n'na, Japan^ and Corea. 421

black. Primaries have a subbasal band indicated on costa
and inner margin ; a large discal spot and two larger spots
on outer margin ; central line macular and sinuous ; submar-
ginal line whitish and sinuous; the space between these lines
is clouded with black. Secondaries have a discal dot ; the
whitish, wavy, submarginal line is broadly bordered inwardly
with blackish, and there are some spots on the nervules
representing a central line. Fringes of primaries black
and of secondaries whity brown preceded by a lunulated line.
Under surface whity brown ; the outer marginal area of pri-
maries is blackish, enclosing a patch of the ground-colour at
apex and another about the middle ; the discal spot is
distinct; secondaries have a blackish discal spot and sub-
marginal band, the latter encroaching on the outer margin
towards apex and again towards anal angle.

Expanse 33 millim.

One female specimen in Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Boarmia sinicaria, sp. n.

Primaries whitish grey, powdered and suffused with
brownish on the costa and on inner marginal area • there is a
blackish spot at the base of the wing ; basal third suffused
with brownish and limited by a double, blackish, nearly
straight line ; the outer third purplish brown, with an angu-
lar projection from the middle to the annular blackish discal
spot, and limited by a black angulated line; submarginal
line black, marked with whitish on the costa and bordered
with violet-grey below ; there is a blackish mark on the costa
above the discal spot arid another beyond it. Secondaries
pale whity brown ; the outer marginal area is dark grey, and
there is a short oblique dash of the same colour above anal
angle ; discal spot dark grey. Fringes of primaries purplish
brown, spotted with yellowish, the central spots are confluent;
of secondaries whity brown, slightly darker at the extremity
of the nervules ; the fringe on all the wings preceded by a
series of black lunules. Under surface pale whity brown,
costa of primaries yellowish ; all the wings broadly bordered
with fuscous, and this colour projects on the primaries to the
annulated discal spot ; the basal two thirds of secondaries
are powdered with fuscous, discal spot blackish.

Expanse 36 millim.

One female specimen from Oinei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to B. semidarata. Walk.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 30

422 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Boarmia subochrearia, sp. n.

Primaries brownish grey, suffused with fuliginous on outer
marginal area; there are three black transverse bands — the
first is curved, the second is elbowed below costa and again
above the inner margin, the third (submarginal) is sinuous;
on the middle of the outer marginal area there is a more or
less quadrate pale spot, and the inner margin is tinged with
reddish brown ; discal dot black. Secondaries ochreous
brown, suffused with dark grey towards the base and along
the abdominal area ; discal dot black. Fringes ochreous
brown, marked with dark grey at extremities of the nervules,
and preceded by a series of black lunules. Under surface :
primaries ochreous grey, with a blackish discal dot and some
fuscous clouds beyond it and below apex ; of the transverse
bands of upper surface only the first is clearly reproduced ;
secondaries ochreous brown, sprinkled with dark grey ; discal
dot black.

Expanse 36 millim.

One female specimen from Omei-shan.

Hub. Western China.

Nearly allied to B. semiclarata. Walk.

Boarmia lilinearia, sp. n.

Primaries olive-brown, closely striated and mottled with
dark brown, traversed by two blackish lines — the first is
elbowed below costa, and then curved and recurved to inner
margin ; the second is strongly serrated ; there is a short
blackish oblique apical streak. Secondaries greyish brown,
mottled with dark brown; discal spot black; transverse line
blackish, attenuated from abdominal margin to just beyond
middle, where it becomes obscured. Fringes agree with the
wings. Under surface pale greyish brown, irrorated with
darker ; discal spots blackish, and indications of a dusky band
beyond the middle of each wing.

Expanse 32 millim.

One male specimen from Moupin, July.

llab. Western China.

Boarmia punctimarginaria, sp. n.

Fuliginous. Primaries have a pale brown patch at the
base limited by a black line ; central shade blackish, with the
black discal dot on it ; beyond there is a black dentate line
followed by a blackish shade ; on the outer margin there is a
series of whitish dots, each dot preceded by a blackish one.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 423

Secondaries similar, but the basal patch is of less extent.
Under surface grey-brown ; all the wings have a conspicuous
black discal spot, and the markings of upper surface are
indicated.

Expanse 28 millim.

One male specimen from Kiukiang, June.

Hob. Central China.

Boarmia (?) nigrofasciaria, sp. n.

Primaries whity brown ; central fascia blackish, tapering
towards inner margin, and enclosing a black curved discal
spot, the edges dentate ; there is a blackish cloud on the
costa just beyond the fascia, one on outer margin above the
middle, and one towards outer angle ; submarginal line pale
but indistinct. Secondaries whity brown, with a blackish
discal spot and dentate central line. Fringes of the ground-
colour preceded by a black line. Under surface similar to
above, but markings are fainter. Antenna bipectinated, the
branches rather long.

Expanse 33 millim.

One male specimen from each of the following localities : —
Chow-pin-sa, Chia-ting-fu, Pu-tsu-fong : June and July.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia divisaria, sp. n.

Basal two thirds of primaries brownish, traversed by a
blackish line, which is curved towards costa and limited by a
dentate black line ; outer marginal area brownish, inwardly
limited by a waved serrated black line ; the area between this
line arid the basal two thirds is whitish ; submarginal line
wavy, whitish, preceded by black marks ; discal spot black,
elongate. Secondaries pale grey, irrorated with fuscous,
especially on basal and outer marginal areas ; discal dot and
central line dusky, the latter almost straight -, submarginal
line whitish, wavy. Fringes pale brownish grey, preceded
by a lunulated brownish line. Under surface ochreous
grey, irrorated with fuscous ; all the wings have a blackish
discal mark and a narrow dusky transverse band beyond, the
latter marked with blackish on the neuration. Antenna?
bipectinated.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in June or
July.

Hob. Western China.

30*

424 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera TIeterocera

Boarmia decolor aria, sp. n. (PL VII. fig. 4.)

Male. — Whity brown, finely powdered with darker brown.
Primaries have a brownish basal band (sometimes only
represented by a spot on the costa and a dot on each nervure
below it) ; a dark brown serrated central band commencing
in an angular mark on the costa, represented by dots on the
nervules, and terminating in an oblique dash on the inner
margin ; submarginal band dark brown, irregular in width
and externally edged with whitish, as also is the central
band ; there is also a brownish spot on costa between basal
and central bands, from which a dark shade is sometimes
projected to the wide portion of central band. Secondaries
have three brownish transverse bands, the first nearly straight,
the second narrow and attenuated, and the third of irregular
width, the last two edged externally with whitish. All the
wings have a blackish discal spot. Fringes brown, preceded
by dark brown lunules between the nervules. Under surface
of primaries fuscous brown, except the outer and inner
margins, which are whity brown ; of the secondaries whitish,
sprinkled with brown scales ; a blackish discal spot on each
wing, but only the primaries have the transverse markings,
and these are not always clear. Antennae broadly bipectinated.

Female. — Generally paler than the male, and the under
surface of all the wings is usually whity brown, powdered
with brown scales (this is also the case in some males) ; the
antennae are simple.

Expanse, $ 40-45, ? 36-42 millim.

A long series taken in June and July at Ghang-yang;
Moupin ; Ta-chien-lu ; Gmei-shan ; Wa-shan ; Pu-tsu-fong ;
Chia-ting-fu ; Ni-tou.

Ilab. Central and Western China.

Near B. nooraria, Brem., from Amurland.

Boarmia abietaria.

Geometra abietaria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 160.

Deileptenia abietaria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 316 ; Meyrick, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 105.
Boarmia abietaria, Treit. Schmett. vi. 1, p. 204 j Dup. Lep. vii.

pi. clx. tigs. 2, 3 j Guen. Phal. i. p. 243.

There were a few specimens from Oiwake in Pryer's
collection, and I have received one example of each sex from
Mr. Manley, who took them at Yokohama.

The Japanese specimens are rather larger and more strongly
marked than European examples.

Distribution. Europe; Japan.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 425

Boarmia approximaria^ sp. n.

Allied to B. abietaria, Hiibn. Greyish, heavily powdered
and clouded with brown ; the first line of primaries is
straighter, the second more deeply elbowed below the costa
and more oblique thence to inner margin, where it terminates
closer to the first line. The under surface is fuscous and not
ochreous as in B. abietaria, and the only markings are a
discal spot on primaries and indications of a central transverse
line on each of the wings.

Expanse, 6 48, $ 52 millim.

One example of each sex from Ni-tou and a male from
Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia dolosaria, sp. n.

Fuliginous grey. Primaries traversed by two black lines —
the first, commencing in a spot on the costa, is sharply angled
below costa and again above inner margin ; the second is
serrated, curved below costa, thence oblique to inner margin.
Secondaries have a dusky band with the blackish discal spot
on it and a rather sinuous black line beyond ; submarginal
band dusky, edged outwardly with greyish. Fringes agree
with the wings in colour and are preceded by a lurmlate
black line. Under surface silky fuscous grey ; all the wings
have a black discal spot, a transverse line, and a broad
dusky submarginal band. Antennas bipectinated.

Expanse 42 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang.

Hab. Central China.

Allied to B. admissaria, Guen.

Boarmia incongruaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries brown ; first transverse line darker and
only distinct on costal area ; second line also darker, slightly
elbowed below costa, thence oblique to inner margin; between
the lines is a black discal dot and a curved brownish central
shade ; submarginal line whitish, dentate, preceded by a
blackish band. Secondaries rather paler than the primaries;
submarginal line pale, bordered inwardly with blackish, but
not so strongly as on primaries. Fringes concolorous with
the wings. Underside whitish brown slightly tinged with
fuscous : primaries have a blackish submarginal band ;
secondaries a blackish central dot and a whitish transverse
line, both indistinct. Antenna bipectinated.

426 Mr. J. H. Leecli on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Female. — Similar to the male, but the secondaries have a
blackish central line outwardly edged with whitish, and
between this and the base of the wing there is a brownish
transverse shade.

Expanse, <£ 38, $ 40 millim.

One example of each sex. The male from Omei-shan
and the female from Ni-tou, July.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia punctilinearia, sp. n.

Pale greyish brown, suffused with darker and striated with
blackish. Primaries have a black discal spot and two black
transverse lines — the first wavy, preceded by a blackish
cloud, and the second serrated, with black dots upon it, and
followed on the costa by a clear space of the ground-colour ;
submarginal band blackish, interrupted. Secondaries have
a black discal dot and a serrated black transverse line with
black dots upon it ; submarginal line as on primaries, but
less distinct. Fringes agree with the wings and are preceded
by an interrupted black line. Under surface grey, powdered
with fuliginous and bordered on outer margins with the
same colour j all the wings have a black discal spot and
there are indications of one transverse line. Antennae
bipectinated.

Expanse 32 millim.

One male specimen from Huang-mu-chang, July.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia olivacearia, sp. n.

Dark greyish brown tinged with olivaceous. Primaries
have two transverse blackish lines — the first appears to be
curved, but is only to be traced from costa to median
nervure ; second line waved and angled below costa ; sub-
marginal line whitish, preceded on the apical area of the
wing by a reddish-brown cloud ; there is a small black discal
spot and a dusky shade beyond extending from the costa to
the middle of the wing, the continuation of this shade is
represented by a quadrate dusky spot on the middle of the
inner margin. Secondaries have a black discal spot and
blackish wavy central line ; submarginal line as on primaries,
the area between the lines is faintly clouded with reddish
brown. Fringes grey, marked with brown at the extremities
of the nervules, and preceded by a dark dotted line. Under
surface brownish grey ; all the wings have a blackish waved
line, indicated by short dashes on the nervules, a dusky

from China, Japan} and Corea. 427

transverse shade between this line and the base of the wing,
and a broadish pale band before outer margin. Antennas
bipectinated.

Expanse 40 millira.

One male specimen from Wa-shan, June.

Hob. Western China.

Boarmia projectaria, sp. n.

Primaries blackish grey irrorated with whitish ; basal line
blackish, indented below costa, and edged internally with
whitish ; beyond the middle there is a rather broad whitish
band forming a double angle about the middle, and outlining
in its course a conspicuous quadragular projection of the
ground-colour ; submarginal line pale but indistinct, with a
small blackish cloud on it towards costa ; discal spot black.
Secondaries whitish, irrorated with blackish grey ; discal
spot black; central line black, crenulate, with a double-
toothed projection about the middle, increasing in width
towards abdominal margin. Fringes yellowish, marked with.
dark grey, and preceded by a series of black spots on the
primaries, and by an interrupted black line on secondaries.
Under surface similar to above, but the first line is absent.

Expanse, £ 28-30, ? 33 millim.

Nine specimens, including both sexes, from the following
localities, Pu-tsu-fong, Ni-tou, Che-tou, and the Province of
Kwei-chow : July.

Hob. Western China.

In some specimens the white band of primaries is suffused
with blackish grey, and the secondaries are thickly powdered
with the same colour. Antenna bipectinated in the male.

Boarmia mirandaria, sp. n.

Primaries grey-brown, basal patch pale reddish limited
by a curved dark line; a pale reddish patch occupies a
large portion of the outer two-thirds of the wing, but does
not extend to the costa, and is separated from outer margin
by an undulated whitish line, this patch is traversed by a
dark wavy line edged with whitish and angled below costa.
Secondaries pale reddish, with a patch of grey-brown on the
base and on lower portion of the outer marginal area; sub-
marginal line pale; discal spot black. Fringes whitish,
preceded by a dark line. Under surface pale brown slightly
suffused with fuscous ; all the wings have a serrated blackish
transverse line beyond the middle, and a dusky shade between

428 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

it and the base of the wing ; secondaries have a blackish
discal dot. Antennae bipectinated.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from Ichang, June.

Hob. Central China.

Boarmia insolitaria, sp. n.

Primaries have the costal area drab, freckled and clouded
with darker brown, and the inner portion of the wing brown,
tinged with ferruginous, and clouded with drab on outer
margin ; there are indications of two dusky transverse lines
and a pale submarginal line. Secondaries are drab at the
extreme base on outer marginal third, the intervening space
being fuscous brown ; there is a brownish cloud tinged with
ferruginous above anal angle. All the wings have a blackish
discal spot, that on primaries only is distinct. Under surface
pale brown, clouded and suffused with fuscous ; there is a
straight dusky central line on which is the discal spot, and
beyond there is a slightly curved but indistinct dusky line;
the latter is followed by a ferruginous-brown band ; the
secondaries are similarly marked.

Expanse 42 millim.

One female specimen from Chang-yang, July.

Hab. Central China.

Boarmia moupmaria, sp. n.

Pale grey powdered with darker. Basal half of primaries
darker ; first line curved, second line almost straight, inter-
rupted in the middle, and bordered with ochreous grey, both
are blackish and between them there is a dusky fascia ; sub-
marginal line pale grey inwardly edged with blackish. Basal
third of secondaries darker ; central line blackish, almost
straight, and edged with ochreous grey ; submarginal line
pale grey inwardly edged with darker. Fringes of the
ground-colour, preceded by a black line on secondaries and a
series of dots on primaries. Under surface whitish grey;
costa and outer marginal area of primaries tinged with
fuscous ; all the wings have a black discal spot.

Expanse 44 millim.

One female specimen from Moupin7 June.

Hab. Western China.

Boarmia flavimacularia, sp. n.

Purplish brown. Primaries traversed by two brownish
and one silvery-grey line, the latter bordered on each side

from China, Japan, and Corea. 429

with reddish brown, and preceded on costal area by a brown
and grey suffusion ; the base is powdered with silvery grey,
and there is a large pale buff apical patch transversely
clouded with brownish, and having two black dots on its
outer edge. Secondaries have a dusky subbasal line and
discal spot, and beyond these are two wavy lines, which
become indistinct towards costa : the first of these is inwardly
bordered with brownish and has a pale yellow dot on its
edge above the middle. Under surface fuscous : primaries
have the apical patch as above, and the secondaries are
sparingly freckled with pale buff.

Expanse 34 millim.

Five specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, Chia-ting-fu, Chang-
yang : July and August.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Genus JANKOWSKIA.

(Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. ix. p. 25 (1884).)

Jankowskia athleta.

Jankowskia athleta, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. ix. p. 25, pi. ii. fig. 7

(1884).
Recorded by Oberthiir from Sidemi, Manchuria.

Jankowskia thoraciaria.

Jankowskia thoraciaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. ix. p. 26, pi. ii. fig. 8

(1884).
Eecorded by Oberthiir from Sidemi, Manchuria.

Jankowskia fuscaria.
Boarmia fuscaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 45 (May 1891).

One male and two female specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's
collection.

I received the species from Chang-yang, Ichang, Moupin,
Omei-shan : June and July.

Allied to J. athleta, Oberth., but can at once be dis-
tinguished by the yellow marking on the under surface of
the costa of primaries.

Distribution. Japan ; Central and Western China.

Genus SYNOPSIA.

(Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 316.)

Synopsia paupera.

Boarmia paupera, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 406.
Several specimens from Oiwake, Fujisan, and Yokohama
in Fryer's collection.

430 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

I took the species at Sendai in September, and at Yokohama
in October.
Hob. Japan.

Synopsia austeraria, sp. n.

Pale brown, powdered and clouded with darker. Primaries
have a black discal dot and two transverse lines — the first is
wavy and angulated below costa, the second is slightly ser-
rated, oblique, and preceded by a transverse dusky shade;
marginal area clouded with ashy. Secondaries have a
blackish discal dot and a blackish serrated transverse line,
preceded by a dusky transverse shade ; outer marginal area
clouded with ashy. Fringes preceded by a dark line.
Under surface greyish brown, powdered with darker, and
with blackish discal spots and faint indications of transverse
lines.

Expanse 49 millim.

One female specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Genus HEMEROPHILA.

(Steph. 111. Brit. Haust. iii. p. 189 (1829).)

Hemerophila Dejeani.

Hemerophila Dejeani, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 30, pi. i. fig. 12
(1884) ; Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 60 (1892).

This appears to be a common species in June and July at
Ta-chien-lu, Omei-shan, and Pu-tsu-fong. I also received
specimens fromNi-tou, Che-tou, and Wa-shan; and Alpheraky
records the species from Ou-pin.

It is exceedingly variable in coloration, which ranges from
reddish brown to dark olive-brown, and the central area is
often very pale.

Hob. Western China.

Hemerophila senilis.

Hemerophila senilis, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 48, pi. xxxv. fig. 12
(1878).

Several specimens from Oiwake, Nikko, and Gifu in
Fryer's collection.

My native collector captured the species at Hakodate in
June or July.

Hampson (Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 275) considers
H. senilis to be synonymous with H. subplagiata, Walk.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

from China, Japan , and Corea. 431

Hemerophila conjunctaria, sp. n. (PI. VII. fig. 9.)

Female. — Allied to H. senilis, Butl., but the basal fascia,
which, together with the outer marginal area of primaries,
is purple-brown in colour, ornamented with lilacine at apex
arid on inner margin, is broader and more deeply indented
below the costa ; the central transverse line of secondaries is
sinuous, not curved below costa, and there are some lilacine
dashes on outer margin ; discal spot on all the wings dis-
tinct. Under surface whitish, freckled with brownish and a
little suffused with dusky on the outer margin of primaries ;
there is a black discal spot and a dotted line, also black, on
each wing. The posterior portion of the thorax is edged
with white.

Expanse 46 millim.

Two female specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Hab. Western China.

Hemerophila atrilineata.

Hemerophila atrilineata, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 405.
Phthonandria atrilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 434 (1894).

There were some examples from Oiwake and Nikko in
Fryer's collection, and I captured specimens at Tsuruga in
July. My native collector took the species at Hakodate and
Gensan, also in July, and I have received one male specimen
from Ta-chieri-lu, taken in June.

Distribution. Japan; Yesso ; Corea; Western China.

Hemerophila rimosa.
Boarmia rimosa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 372 (1879).

A few nice specimens from Yokohama in Pryer's col-
lection ; my native collector took the species in the island of
Kiushiu.

Hab. Japan and Kiushiu.

Hemerophila obscurariaj sp. n.

Reddish brown, much powdered with darker. Primaries
have two oblique black lines — the first curves a little as it
approaches the inner margin, and the second is wavy
throughout and curved towards costa, both are preceded by a
blackish shade ; there is a dark cloud below the apex and
another below it extending to inner margin near the angle,
this latter is interrupted. Secondaries have a black line,
broad on abdominal margin and tapering towards costa, this
is preceded by a dusky transverse shade and followed by two

432 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

paler bands. At the base of the fringes, which are con-
colorous with the wings, there is a blackish wavy line.
Under surface rather silky brown : primaries have two trans-
verse black lines, chiefly indicated by dots on the neuration,
which converge towards the inner margin ; secondaries have
two equidistant, curved, and wavy black lines.

Expanse 50 millim.

Two specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Hemerophila latimarginaria, sp. n.

Pale cinnamon-brown, with a black discal spot on all the
wings. Primaries have an irregular dark brown line beyond
the middle limiting the outer marginal area, which is darker
brown and is traversed by a dusky submarginal band ; the
basal area is slightly irrorated with darker brown. Second-
aries have a curved and slightly wavy dark brown central
line, the area beyond is darker brown traversed by a dusky
submarginal band. Under surface whitish brown, suffused
with darker on primaries, and these wings have a blackish
discal spot.

Expanse 40 millim.

One female specimen from Ichang, April.

Hob. Central China.

Hemerophila (?) tachraparia.

Hemerophila tachraparia, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xyiii. p. 25, pi. v.
fig. 63 (1893).

I have not seen this species. Oberthiir describes it from
specimens received by him from Ta-chien-lu, Western China.

Genus MEDASINA.

(Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 408 (1886) ; Hampson, Fauna
Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 283 (1895).)

Medasina scotosiaria.

Deinotrichia scotosiaria, Warren, Proc. Zool. See. Lond. 1893, p. 420,

pi. xxx. tig. 9.
Medasina scotosiaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 284

(1895).

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, June.
Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson) ; Western China.

Medasina dtfusaria, sp. n.
Brown, irrorated with fuscous on secondaries and margins

from China, Japan, and Corea. 433

of primaries. There are indications of two transverse lines
on primaries, the outer one represented by blackish dots on
the neuration ; submarginal band blackish, diffuse and inter-
rupted. Secondaries have a blackish discal spot, two trans-
verse lines, and a diffuse blackish submarginal band, the
latter does not extend to costa. Fringes of the ground-colour,
preceded by an interrupted blackish line. Under surface
rather paler than above ; all the wings have a blackish discal
spot and an obscure dusky band beyond.

Expanse 74—84 millim.

Four male specimens from Chang-yang, taken in July.

Hob. Central China.

Allied to M. creataria, Moore.

Medasina creataria.

Hemerophila creataria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 217 (1857).
Medasina creataria. Hainpson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 286
(1895).

Two female specimens from the Province of Kwei-chow,
June.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Assam ( Hampson ) • Western
China.

Medasina albidaria.

Boarmia albidaria. Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxxv. p. 1582 (1866).
Medasina albidaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 289
(1895).

I received one male specimen from Ichang, April ; one
example of each sex from Omei-shan ; and a female from
Moupin, July.

Distribution. Simla; Dharmsala; Sikhim; Kha*sis (Hamp-
son) ; Central and Western China.

Genus ARICHANNA.

(Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 658; Hampson, Fauna
Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 290 (1895).)

Arichanna tetrica.

Cidaria tetrica, Butl. Ann. & Mag. JNat. Hist. (5) i. p. 451 (1878) ; 111.

Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 59, pi. Iv. fig. 10 (1879).
Cidaria tetrica, Butl., $; Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 78, pi. iii. fig. 11

(1892).

There was an example of each sex from Ohoyama in
Fryer's collection, and ir.y native collector took a female
specimen at Hakodate in June.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

434 Mr J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Arichanna interruptaria, sp. n.

Primaries whitish, powdered with blackish grey ; there
are three transverse bands interrupted by the brown neuration
and intersected by white or whitish lines ; discal spot black,
separated from a spot on costa by the brown subcostal ner-
vure ; from the lower end of discal spot there is a blackish
diffuse line, which appears to be part of the second or central
band. Secondaries whitish, powdered and freckled with
greyish ; discal spot blackish. Fringes pale brown, chequered
with darker, preceded by a brown line on secondaries and by
a row of black dots on primaries. Under surface pale brown,
powdered and freckled with darker : the primaries have a
smoky suffusion, a black discal spot, and indications of the
transverse bands of upperside ; the secondaries have a black
discal spot and dark brown wavy central band. Antenna3 of
the male ciliated.

Expanse 42-46 millim.

Two male specimens and four females from Omei-shan :
July and August.

The markings are very similar to those of A. similaria,
but they are blackish rather than olive-brown, and the
neuration is brown instead of pale olive. The structure of
the antennae is quite different.

Hob. Western China.

Arichanna ramosa.

Scotosia ramosa, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxxv. p. 1688 (1866).
Arichanna ramosa. Hampson, Fauna Brit. lud., Moths, iii. p. 291
(1895).

One female specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, July.
Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson} • Western China.

Arichanna similaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries white, powdered with brownish ; the
base is dark olive-brown, and there are four transverse bands
of the same colour interrupted by the broad pale olive
neuration ; the second and third of these bands unite on the
inner marginal area, where they represent a quadrate patch •
the fourth is intersected by an interrupted white line, as also
is the third above the quadrate patch referred to. Second-
aries whitish, freckled with greyish ; central band and
incomplete submarginal band greyish ; discal spot blackish.
Fringes pale olive, chequered with darker. Under surface
whitish, powdered and freckled with greyish brown: primaries
suffused with shining fuscous except at apex • secondaries

from China, Japan, and Corea. 435

have a discal spot and central band as above. Antennas
brown, bipectinated.

Female. — Markings of primaries as in the male ; bands of
secondaries not well defined beyond abdominal area.

Expanse, <£ 48, ? 50 millim.

Allied to A. ramosa, Walk., and A. tetrica, Butl.

One example of each sex from Ornei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Arichanna clavaria, sp. n.

Male. — Greyish brown, powdered and mottled with darker.
Basal area of primaries marked with black and limited by a
double-indented black line ; discal spot black, preceded by a
whitish quadrate patch, and followed by a dusky cloud-like
band ; on the outer marginal area there is a series of black
bars intersected by an interrupted white line ; submarginal
line white, macular. Secondaries have a dusky discal spot,
central band, and interrupted submarginal band. Fringes
pale brown marked with darker. Under surface of primaries
greyish brown, suffused with blackish, discal spot black ;
beyond the middle of the wing there are indications of a pale
transverse line : secondaries as above. Antenna} bipectinated.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the ground-colour is
browner, the whitish patch before discal spot on primaries is
absent, and the bands on under surface of secondaries are less
distinct.

Expanse, c? 42, $ 44 millim.

One male specimen from Omei-shan, taken in August, and
a female from Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Hob. Western China.

Arichanna Pryeraria.
Arichanna Pryeraria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 51 (May 1891).

I received a male specimen from Mr. Manley of Yokohama,
and there was a female example from Oiwake in Fryer's
collection.

Allied to A.furcifera, Moore.

Hob. Japan.

Arichanna diffusaria, sp. n.

Primaries whitish, with interrupted and irregular fuli-
ginous-brown subbasal, central, and marginal bands, the
latter intersected by an oblique streak of the ground-colour
from apex ; the space between subbasal and central bands is

436 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

dotted with fuliginous brown, as also is that between central
and marginal bands at middle and towards costa and inner
margin ; costa and nervures marked with ochreous. Second-
aries whitish spotted with fuscous grey, the larger of the
spots representing central, submarginal, and marginal bands.
Under surface similar to above, but the markings, which are
pale fuscous on primaries, are fainter, and on secondaries
rather stronger.

Expanse 56 millim.

One female specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Arichanna albomacularia. (PL VII. fig. 10.)
Arichanna albomacularia, Leech, Entom., Suppl. t>. 51 (May 1891).
Two male and five female specimens, from Gifu and
Oiwake, in Fryer's collection.

Allied to A. tetrica, Butl., but distinguished by the large
white spot on primaries.
Hob. Japan.

Arichanna consocia.

Abraxas consocia, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ri. p. 226 (1880).
Icterodes consocia, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 84, pi. cxix. fig. 11

(1886).
Arichanna lapsariata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 293

(1895).

One female specimen from Ni-tou, July.

Distribution. N.E. Himalayas (Butler] ; Western China.

Arichanna melanaria.

Phal Geometra melanaria, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 525 ; Clerck, Icon.

pi. iv. fig. 2.
Geometra melanaria, Esp. v. p. 115, pi. xxiii. fig. 1 j Hiibn. Geom.

fig. 26.

Diastictis melanaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 104.
Rhyparia fraterna, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 53, pi. xxxvii. fig. 9

(1878).
Rhyparia askoldinaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 52, pi. ix. fig. 11

(1880).
Icterodes sordida, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (5) xi. p. 116.

Fraterna , Butl., is a pale form of A. melanaria, and is
almost exactly identical with some European examples of the
species in my collection. Sordida, Butl., is a dark form also
agreeing with some European specimens, and askoldinaria is
a form intermediate between the two. Alpheraky mentions
a variety of the species from Pei-choiri (Rom. sur Lep. vi.
p. 55). '

from China, Japan, and Corea. 437

There were specimens in Fryer's collection from Yoko-
hama, Oiwake, and Nikko. I obtained the species at Gensan
in June.

Distribution. Europe; East Siberia; Amur; Askold;
Corea ; Japan.

Arichanna confusaria, sp. n,

Primaries white; basal area limited by an interrupted
blackish band, clouded and marked with the same colour ;
the central fascia and submarginal line are also blackish, the
former encloses spots of the ground-colour and the latter is
macular ; the spaces between the transverse markings are
freckled with blackish. Secondaries whitish, freckled with
grey before the blackish, wavy, central band, and ochreous
beyond it; submarginal band blackish, broken up into spots,
of which that nearest the middle is the largest. Fringes of
primaries blackish, chequered with white, and of secondaries
yellow, chequered with black, preceded on all the wings by a
row of blackish spots. Under surface of primaries have the
markings of the upperside indicated, and on the secondaries
the markings are reproduced, but the outer half of the wing
is only tinged with yellow.

Expanse, ^ 40-44, $ 38 millim.

Two male specimens from Ta-chien-lu and one female
from Pu-tsu-fong : June.

Hob. Western China.

In one male the markings on primaries are brownish, but
not clearly defined, and the outer margin appears to have a
brownish border intersected by a transverse wavy white line.

Arichanna flavovenaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries whitish grey suffused with blackish ; the
basal area is marked with black and limited by a black band
intersected by the fulvous venation ; discal spot black ; sub-
marginal band paler than the ground-colour, followed by a
broad black band, which is intersected by the venation and
outwardly edged with whitish. Secondaries yellow ; basal
area fuliginous grey; there are three rows of black spots,
those forming the first row being more or less confluent, but
not forming an interrupted wavy band as in A. undularia.
Under surface of primaries fuliginous grey and of secondaries
as above, but paler in the ground-colour.

Female. — Similar to the male, but exhibiting more of the
ground-colour on primaries above. Under surface of all the
wings yellow ; primaries flecked and clouded with blackish ;

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 31

438 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

secondaries marked as above, but the basal area is only
slightly tinged with fuliginous grey.

Expanse, rf 51, $ 54 millim.

One male specimen from Omei-shan and a female from
Pu-tsu-fong : July.

Hob. Western China.

Arichanna flavomacularia, sp, n.

Primaries black ; venation and costa broadly grey, the
latter marked with five black spots, and the former, together
with seven interrupted yellow lines, breaking up the ground-
colour into macular transverse bands. Secondaries have the
basal third grey from costa to anal angle and the outer two
thirds yellow ; the latter has a central black spot, an outer
series of six large grey spots (the first and sixth of which are
double), and a marginal series of seven or eight small spots
of the same colour. Fringes of primaries blackish and of
secondaries yellow to the anal third, where they are blackish.
Under surface of primaries fuliginous grey, with black spots
of upperside reproduced ; secondaries as above.

Expanse, d 56-60, $ 54 millim.

A fine series from Wa-shan and Ta-chien-lu, June and
July. All but one are males.

Hob. Western China.

Arichanna undularia, sp. n.

Male similar to A. flavomacularia, but smaller, and the
interrupted yellow transverse lines on primaries are less
clearly defined. On the secondaries there is a rather broad
transverse black band in addition to outer and marginal series
of spots ; the blackish basal third does not extend beyond' the
limit of waved band, but encroaches further along the costa
and encloses the discal spot. Fringes of all the wings
blackish. Under surface : primaries fuliginous grey, with a
black discal spot and a few yellowish dots beyond ; second-
aries marked as above, but the ground-colour is paler.

Expanse 53 millim.

Four male and two female specimens from Ta-chien-lu,
Omei-shan, Pu-tsu-fong, Wa-shari : June and July.

Bab. Western China.

Arichanna lateraria, sp. n.

Primaries grey, with a slight fuliginous tinge; the basal
area is spotted with black ; a conspicuously large black spot

from Chincij Japan, and Corea. 439

with black cloud above on costa, and four pairs of spots of the
same colour below, represent a broad central fascia (the lower
pairs coalesce, forming bars) ; beyond these are three trans-
verse series of black spots — the first is composed of double
spots towards costa, the spots of second series are surrounded
with whitish, the third series is on outer margin. Second-
aries have the basal half grey and the outer half yellow ; two
large black spots beyond the central one form a longitudinal
series of three between the limit of basal half of the wing and
the outer margin ; there is a larger black spot at the outer
angle, three others below the outer one of longitudinal series,
and a row of smaller spots before the outer margin. Fringes
agree in colour with the wings. Under surface similar to
the upper surface, but the primaries are more uniform in
colour.

Expanse 60 millim.

Three males, Wa-shan, Moupin, and Pu-tsu-fong : July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to A . jaguararia, Guen.

Judging from the three specimens under observation, this
species would seem to be rather variable in number of black
markings on secondaries, as in one example there is a fourth
spot above those of marginal series, and in another specimen,
which also has this fourth spot, there are, in addition, two
spots above and two below the middle one of longitudinal
series of three, thus forming a macular band.

A richann a jaguar in aria.

Rhyparia jaguarinaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. vi. p. 17, pi. ix. fig. 1

(1881).'
Arichanna jayuarinaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 295

(1895). u

One male specimen from Wa-shan, June.

Oberth iir's type was from the province of Kwei-chow.

Hob. Western China.

This is probably only a form of E. jaguararia, Guen., in
which the central macular band of secondaries is either obso-
lete or only faintly indicated ; the yellow on these wings does
not extend much beyond the submarginal series of spots.

A richanna jaguar aria.
Rhyparia jaguararia, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 198 (1857).

Fryer's
and I have
type was
31* "

440 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

from N. China, and there are specimens in the National
Collection at South Kensington from Yokohama, Hakone,
Tokio, and Ashi-no-yo.

The specimens from Oiwake differ from the typical form in
having the ground-colour of primaries and basal area of
secondaries whiter, and for this form I propose the varietal
name pallidaria.

Distribution. Japan ; Central and Northern China.

Arichanna GascJikevitchii.
Boarmia Gaschkevitchii, Motsch. Bull. Mosc. xxxix. p. 197 (1866).

Probably this species is identical with Arichanna (Rhy-
paria) jaguar aria, Guen.

Arichanna flavomarginaria.

Ithypariajlavomarginariay Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 83, pi. vii. fig. 11

(1864).

Abraxas flavomarginaria, Graeser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 390.
Diastictis flavomarginaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 104.

Several specimens were captured by my native collector at

Gensan in July. I have also received the species from Chang-

rang, Moupin, and the province of Kwei-chow : June and

Distribution. East Siberia ; Amur ; Corea ; Central and
Western China.

The specimens in my series exhibit considerable variation
in the size, number, and intensity of the black markings.

Genus EREBOMORPHA.

(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxi. p. 494 (I860).)

Erebomorpha consors.

Erebomorpha consors, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 52, pi. xxxvii.

fig. 3 (1878).
Mesastrape consors, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 432 (1894).

A few specimens from Fujisan and Nikko in Fryer's
collection.

My native collector obtained the species at Hakodate in
June or July, and there are specimens in the National Col-
lection from Yokohama and Tokio. I have also received
examples from Moupin and Chang-yang, July.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Western and Central China.

Some of the Chinese specimens appear to be intermediate
between E. consors , Butl., and E.fulgurita, Walk.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 441

Genus PHYLLABRAXAS, nov.

Palpi porrect, reaching slightly beyond the irons and
clothed with long hair ; outer margins of wings rounded.
Primaries of male with fovea. Neuration as in Arichanna.
Antennas of male ciliated and finely serrated. Hind tibise
dilated, with a tuft of long hair and two pairs of moderately
long spurs.

Type P. curvaria.

Phyllabraxas curvaria, sp. n. (PL VII. fig. 3.)

Whitish, sparingly powdered with brownish. Primaries
suffused with olive-grey and marked with fuliginous brown
as follows : — a spot at the base ; an angulated subbasal band
united at the angle witli a central fascia, the latter encloses
a patch of the ground-colour at each end and its outer edge is
curved and recurved ; on the outer margin below apex there
is a more or less quadrate spot, and on the costa before apex
there is a similar one (these spots are united at their opposed
angles), the lower encloses two white dots, which represent
portions of a much interrupted submarginal line ; on the outer
marginal area above outer angle there is a third spot, and
from the inner edge of this a streak descends to inner margin.
Secondaries have a blackish discal spot and a submarginal
band, the latter indicated by a brown spot on the costa, one
about the middle, and a dash above anal angle. Fringes of
primaries black, chequered with whitish towards inner
margin ; those of secondaries whitish marked with blackish.
Under surface : primaries whitish, the apical spots are
blackish and the basal area is suffused with the same colour;
secondaries are whitish powdered with blackish, and have an
incomplete central band in addition to the macular submar-
ginal band as above, but both are blackish.

Expanse 42-46 millim.

Five specimens, including both sexes, from Ta-chien-lu,
Moupin, and Omei-shan : July.

Hob. Western China.

In one female from Ta-chien-lu (the only specimen from
that locality) the apical markings are browner.

Phyllabraxas similaria, sp. n.

Primaries sordid whitish, freckled with blackish and
marked with reddish brown as follows : — a small patch at
the base ; a straight narrow subbasal fascia, commencing as
a spot on costa ; an outwardly diffuse central fascia, broadest

442 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

on costa, arid enclosing a patch of the ground-colour at each
end; a rather quadrate patch on costa before apex and a
similar one on outer margin below apex, united at opposed
angles ; from the inner edge of the lower patch a straight
narrow fascia descends to inner angle, but is only clearly
defined below the second median nervule ; discal spot black.
Secondaries white, freckled with pale grey ; discal spot
blackish ; central and submarginal fascise, the former hardly
darker than the freckling, the latter represented by a blackish
spot on costa, another about the middle, and a short blackish
bar above anal angle. Fringes pale grey-brown, preceded on
primaries by a row of black dots, becoming lunular towards
inner angle, and on secondaries by a thin brownish line.
Under surface : primaries fuscous grey, tinged with ochreous
on costa, markings of upperside faintly reproduced ; second-
aries whitish, with the markings as above, but the central
fascia is rather darker and the submarginal less distinctly
indicated.

Expanse 40-42 millim.

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong and one from Oinei-
shan : July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to P. curvaria, but it differs in size and colour and
also in the form of the fascia.

Phyllabraxas exsoletaria^ sp. n.

Primaries whitish grey, speckled with black and suffused
with smoky grey at the base of the wing and on outer mar-
ginal area ; central fascia broad, slightly olivaceous, its inner
edge black and undulated and its outer edge black and
obtusely angled below costa ; before the black discal spot
there is a short black line from the costa, this is connected
by a blackish suffusion with the external edge of fascia, thus
forming a more or less quadrate patch on the outer costal
portion of the fascia ; the short line referred to has a dusky
continuation to the inner margin, but it is not clearly defined ;
beyond the angle of fascia there are some black dots, and
some other dots are placed towards inner margin and parallel
with edge of fascia; submarginal line whitish, interrupted.
Secondaries rather smoky white, with a black discal spot and
indications of a central line. Fringes grey, preceded on the
primaries by black dots between the nervules. Under surface
smoky grey ; basal area of primaries limited by a pale undu-
lated and exteriorly diffuse band ; secondaries greyish,
speckled with darker ; discal spot black ; there is another

from China j Japan, and Corea. 443

black spot about centre of the wing and blackish suffusion
along abdominal margin.

Expanse 45 millim.

Three male specimens from Pu tsu-fong, June and July.

Var. divisaria.

The primaries are suffused with brownish ; the central
fascia is divided transversely into two parts, the outer being
dark brown arid the inner paler brown. Secondaries whitish,
with discal spot and dusky central line which swells out into
a spot about the middle and towards each extremity.

Expanse 43-48 millim.

Two male specimens from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Phyllabraxas conspicuaria, sp. n.

Primaries white, with olivaceous markings j basal patch
pale olive-brown ; central fascia clouded with darker olive-
brown, enclosing white discal spot and limited outwardly by
an oblique series of black dots ; the inner edge is slightly
curved below costa ; outer marginal area clouded and suffused
with dark olive-brown, limited inwardly by a pale olive-
brown band and enclosing two diffuse white spots. Second-
aries white, freckled with greyish ; incomplete central band,
discal spot, and shade between the latter and abdominal
margin darker grey. Fringes grey and whitish, preceded by
an interrupted blackish line. Under surface : primaries have
the basal two thirds dusky, limited by a series of darker dots
and enclosing a white discal spot ; outer area dusky, with a
whitish spot at apex and another about the middle : second-
aries are whitish, freckled with grey-brown; central band
blackish, macular ; discal spot, a small cloud on abdominal
margin, and three spots on costa also blackish.

Expanse 39 millim.

Three male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hab. Western China.

Genus ABRAXAS.

(Leach ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 297 (1895).)

Abraxas evanescens.

Calldbraxas evanescens, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 420.
A fine series from Oiwake and Yesso in Pryer's collection.
My native collector took the species at Hakodate in August.
Hob. Japan and Yesso.

444 Mr. J. H. Leech on. Lepidoptera Heterocera

Abraxas placida.

Abraxas placida, Butl. Ann. & Mag-. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 441 (1878);

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 48, pi. liii. fig. 1 (1879).
Calldbraxas propinqua, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 420.

A few specimens from Oiwake, Nikko, and Yesso in.
Fryer's collection. T captured several examples at Hakodate
in August.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Placida, Butl., appears to be an aberrant form of propinqua,
Butl., but as it was the first to receive a name, it must stand
as the type of the species, and propinqua, which is really the
normal form, must rank as a variety. This is certainly
unfortunate, but is not by any means a singular case.

Abraxas Whitelyi.

Abraxas Whitelyi, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 52, pi. xxxvii. fig. 4
(1878).

A nice series from Oiwake, Yesso, and Nikko in Fryer's
collection.

I captured specimens at Gensan in June, and my native
collector at Hakodate in June or July. I have also received
two specimens from Mr. Manley, of Yokohama.

There is a good deal of variation in the size of the black
markings. In some of the specimens, including all the
examples from Oiwake, the large spots on costa and inner
margin, representing the central band, are not intersected by
the ground-colour as in the type. These specimens have
also distinct macular submarginal and marginal bands on all
the wings.

Distribution. Amur ( Grceser] ; Corea ; Japan j Yesso.

Abraxas languidata.

Abraxas languidata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1122 (1862).
Callalraxas languidata, Harnpson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 518
(1895).

Four specimens from Ohoyama in Fryer's collection.
I captured a specimen at Shimonoseki in July, and have
received two examples from Omei-sban, also taken in July.
Distribution. Japan and Western China.

Abraxas martaria.

Abraxas martaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 205 (1857) j Hampson. Fauna Brit.
Ind., Moths, iii. p. 300 (1895).

I took a specimen at Foochou in April, and have received
the species from Kiukiang, Ta-chien-lu, and Moupin : June.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 445

This species may be distinguished from all the forms of
A. sylvata by its larger size, more intense dark markings, and
by the almost uninterrupted dark costal border.

Hampson considers A. pusilla, Butl., to be a small form of
A. martaria, Guen., and the latter as possibly an extreme
form of A. sylvata.

Distribution. Nepal ; Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Assam (Hamp-
son} ; Eastern, Western, and Central China.

Abraxas sylvata.

Phalana sylvata, Scop. Ent. Cam. p. 220 (1763).

Zerene leopardina, Koll. Hug. Kasch. iv. p. 490.

Abraxas sylvata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 299 (1895).

Abraxas miranda, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 441 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het iii. p. 48, pi. Hi. fig. 12 (1879).
Abraxas suffusa, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 417 (1894),
Abraxas latifasciata, Warr. 1. c. p. 419.
Abraxas fulvobasalis, Warr. /. c.
Abraxas suspecta, Warr. /. c.
Abraxas deminuta, Warr. I. c.
Abraxas degener, Warr. I. c.

This species appears to vary in Eastern Asia to even a
greater extent than in Europe. I have specimens from
various localities in Japan and from all the localities visited
by my collectors in Central and Western China. Among
these are examples agreeing more or less exactly with the
forms named above, together with others that are intermediate
between such forms and the more typical specimens. The
largest individual in the series measures 60 millim. in expanse
and the smallest 31 millim.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur • Japan ; Corea ; Central
and Western China.

Abraxas concinna.
Abraxas concinna, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 421 (1894).

Described from Thibet. My collectors did not meet with
this species.

Abraxas grossulariata.

Phal Geometra grossulariata, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 525.

Abraxas conspurcata, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 48, pi. Hi. fig. 11

(1879).
Abraxas flamsinuata, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 420 (1894) .

There were four examples of the conspurcata form from
Oiwake and two of the flamsinuata form from Fujisan in
Fryer's collection.

In the form conspurcata the markings on secondaries are

446 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

certainly more decided than in any European specimen of
grossulariata that I have seen, but the pattern is only a com-
plete development of markings seen more or less clearly
indicated in the majority of European grossulariata. Neither
of the Japanese forms of this species diverge so widely from
the type as do certain varieties of the species known to British
entomologists.

I have received a nice series from Chang-yang, taken in
July. In these specimens the markings on primaries are
somewhat similar to those of A. picaria, Moore, but the
markings on secondaries are much the same as in typical
A. grossulariata^ though not so pronounced — fuscous instead of
black on all the wings. The yellow markings are in all
cases less distinct, and in several specimens entirely obsolete.
1 propose the name sinicaria for this form.

Distribution. Europe; Siberia; Amur; Japan; Central
China.

Abraxas picaria.
Abraxas picaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 652.

Appears to be a common species in Western China, occur-
ring in July and August.

Specimens of the typical form exhibit considerable modifi-
cation in the amount of black on primaries ; in some examples
this colour largely predominates. In addition to what may
be regarded as ordinary aberration, there are three forms of
the species from Western China, each of which appears to be
worthy of a distinctive name.

Var. tortuosaridj nov.

In this form the only prominent markings on the primaries
are the costal portions of subbasal line, the discal spot, the
sinuous and deeply angled transverse line beyond the middle,
and a series of spots on outer margin ; the secondaries are
only sparsely dotted with fuscous on basal area, but the other
markings are much as in the type.

Ta-chien-lu, Omei-shan, Moupin : July.

Var. grisearia, nov.

Primaries whitish, heavily clouded and spotted with grey ;
the base is yellow, edged with black ; discal spot black, with
a black cloud-like spot before it on the costa, from the last
there is sometimes a blackish shade extending to inner
margin ; submarginal band blackish, mixed with yellow,
elbowed just above the middle. Secondaries whitish, spotted

from China, Japan, and Corea. 447

with blackish, especially on abdominal area, which is tinged
with yellowish ; discal spot blackish ; a yellow band dotted
or edged with black extends from just above anal angle to a
little beyond third median nervule. Fringes grey on
primaries, whitish on secondaries, preceded on each wing by
a row. of black spots. Under surface similar to the upper-
side, but the transverse markings are not distinct on primaries
and there is a black spot on the middle of the costa of
secondaries.

Expanse 44-46 millim.

Nine male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Var. nebularia, nov.

Primaries whitish, mottled and clouded with smoky brown;
discal spot blackish, placed in the lower end of a cloud on
costal area ; basal area marked with yellow ; beyond the
middle of the wing there is a yellow irregular line, but this
is not clearly defined. Secondaries whitish, sprinkled with
brownish ; there is a small cloud-like spot on the middle of
the abdominal margin, and a short dash of yellow, bordered
on each side by brownish spots, above anal angle ; central
spot blackish. Fringes brownish, marked with whitish at
ends of the nervules. Under surface similar to above, but
the yellow markings of primaries are absent and there are
some yellow hairs at the base of secondaries.

Expanse 44-54 millim.

T have a long and rather variable series of this form, the
specimens comprised therein being from Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-
fong, Ni-tou, Wa-shan, Omei-shan, and Chia-ting-fu : July.

Distribution. Kumaun ; Sikhim (Hampsori) ; Western
China.

Abraxas punctisignaria, sp. n. (PL VII. fig. 13.)

Primaries pale yellowish buff, marked with yellow at the
base of costa and sparingly spotted with black; the most
conspicuous of these spots are three or four on basal portion
of costa and a transverse series beyond the middle of the
wing, the spots forming the lower portion of the series are
rather larger than the others and are placed on a yellow
abbreviated band from the inner margin. -Secondaries paler
than primaries, but more liberally spotted with black, the
central series followed oil abdominal margin by a yellow
patch ; all the wings have a black discal spot. Fringes pale
yellowish buff. Under surface similar in colour to that of
the upperside of the secondaries ; black markings as above,

448 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

but there is no trace of yellow. Body yellow, marked with
black on the back and sides.

Expanse 40 millim.

Two male specimens : one from Moupin, July, and one
from the summit of Omei-shan, August.

Hob. Western China.

Abraxas flavobasalis , sp. n.

Male. — Creamy white; basal area of primaries yellow,
spotted with black and limited by a black macular line
elbowed at costa ; some blackish spots beyond the discal spot
form fairly regular central and submarginal series, the latter
outwardly bordered towards the inner margin with yellow ;
marginal series much interrupted and not well defined.
Secondaries have a blackish spot at the base and some other
spots of the same colour arranged in three transverse series,
the middle series bordered with yellow towards anal angle.
Under surface whitish, spots as above, but no yellow markings.
Body yellowish, marked on the sides of abdomen with black
and also on the dorsal surface of the seventh, eighth, and
ninth segments.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the ground-colour is
rather whiter.

Expanse, rf 36, $ 39 millim.

One example of each sex from Chang-yang, July.

Hob. Central China.

Abraxas punctariaj sp. n.

Female.— Yellowish buff. Basal area of primaries yellow,
dotted with black and limited by three black dots, one on the
median and submedian nervures respectively and one between
the costa and subcostal nervure ; beyond the discal spot there
are four transverse series of black dots, with a short yellow
band between the second and third, starting from inner
margin. Secondaries have four transverse series of black
dots, with a yellow abbreviated band between the second and
third, as on primaries ; immediately preceding the innermost
of these series there are some diffuse dots above the abdo-
minal margin. Under surface whiter than above ; transverse
series of dots hardly so distinct ; no yellow markings. Head
and thorax yellow; dotted with black ; abdomen pale yellowish,
with a black dot on the back and side of each segment except
the terminal one and that next the thorax.

Expanse 32 millim.

One female specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 449

Abraxas reticularia^ sp. n.

Primaries white, sparingly dotted with brownish ; traversed
by two diffuse blackish-brown transverse bands and a diffuse
longitudinal band of the same colour ; the outer of th'e trans-
verse bands is bifurcate on the costa and expands on the
inner margin, sometimes it is intersected by a thin whitish
line ; above the black discal spot there is a blackish cloud,
from which a spur descends to longitudinal band. Second-
aries white, speckled with brownish and exhibiting traces of
a brownish central band ; discal spot blackish. Fringes
white, more or less chequered with brownish. Under surface
similar to the upper. Body yellow, marked with black.

Expanse 40-44 millim.

Five male specimens and one female from Ta-chien-lu,
Omei-shan, Ni-tou, and Che-tou : July.

Hob. Western China.

Abraxas curvilinearia^ sp. n. (PI. VII. fig. 12.)

White. Primaries sparingly freckled with greyish brown ;
basal patch dark ochreous, bordered with brown ; discal spot
brown, surmounted by a brownish cloud on costa ; there is a
transverse curved and recurved brown band beyond the middle,
expanding towards inner margin. Secondaries have a series
of five brownish spots, terminating in a brownish bar, out-
wardly bordered with yellow, on abdominal margin. Under
surface : colour as above, markings faintly reproduced.

Expanse, c? 44, 2 46 millim.

One example of each sex from Chia-ting-fu, July.

Hob. Western China.

Genus LiGDlA.
(Guen. Phal. ii. p. 209 (1857).)

Ligdia japonaria, sp. n. (PL VII. fig. 1.)

White. Basal area of primaries smoky brown, spotted
with black and limited by a curved series of black spots ;
above the anal angle there is a smoky-brown patch, inter-
sected by the median nervules and connected by a narrow
blackish band with a blackish blotch on the costa ; discal
spot blackish, with a spot above it on the costa and one below
it on inner margin, and there are some spots and clouds of
the same colour on the outer marginal area. Secondaries
have a blackish central spot and broad transverse band, and
there are some marks of the same colour on abdominal margin

450 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

and also on the outer margin. Fringes greyish white,
marked with darker on primaries. Under surface similar to
above, but the basal area of primaries is clouded with blackish
and all the markings are of the same colour.

Expanse, <J 28, ? 31 millim.

Several specimens in Fryer's collection from Oiwake.

Hob. Japan.

Allied to L. adustata, Schiff.

Ligdia ciliaria, sp. n.

White. Primaries have a blackish basal patch and border
on outer margin, the latter is broadly interrupted in the
middle ; discal spot black. Secondaries have a black discal
spot and the outer margin is bordered as on primaries ; there
is a blackish cloud on the middle of the abdominal margin j
all the dark patches are suffused with golden brown. Fringes
golden brown, marked with a rather darker shade. Under-
side similar to above, but the borders are not quite so broad.

Expanse 28 millim.

One female specimen from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.

Bab. Japan.

Also allied to L. adustata, Schiff.

Genus LOMASPILIS.
(Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 316.)

Lomaspilis marginata.

Phal. Geometra marginata^ Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 527 ; Clerck, Icon.

pi. ii. fig. 5.

Abraxas marginata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 116.
Lomaspilis opts, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 442 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 49, pi. liii. fig. 3 (1879).

There were several specimens from Oiwake, Nikko, and
Yesso in Fryer's collection. I have also received the species
from Chang-yang, June.

Most of the Japanese examples of L. marginata in my
series are referable to the form which Butler has named opis,
but some are very typical.

Grseser also records var. opis from Amurland (Berl. ent.
Zeit. 1888, p. 391).

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso j Central
China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 451

Genus METABRAXAS.

(Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1881, p. 419.)

Metabraxas clerica.

Metabraxas clerica, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881,p. 419.
Metabraxas clerica, \ar. inconfusa, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 415
(1894).

There were a few specimens from Oiwake and Yesso in
Fryer's collection.

I captured several examples at Hakodate in August, and
have received one female from Chang-yang, where it was
taken in July. Butler's type was from Tokio.

The black spots are variable in size and degree of con-
fluency; in var. inconfusa, Warr., they are well separated.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Central China.

Metabraxas luridaria, sp. n.

White. Basal area of primaries leaden grey, marked with
ochreous ; costa broadly marked with leaden grey ; central
fascia, submarginal and marginal bands also leaden grey, the
first two macular, the second united with the third on apical
area and also towards inner margin. Secondaries have the
following leaden-grey markings : — a spot on median nervure,
with one between it and a spot on abdominal margin ; a central
fascia, the middle portion of which is broken up into twin
spots ; a macular submarginal and a marginal band united
as on primaries. Fringes grey. Under surface as above,
but the base of the primaries is not marked with ochreous.
Antennas of the male ciliated. Head brownish grey, face
whitish. Thorax light brown, marked with darker. Abdo-
men grey, with two black spots on each segment above.
Legs grey.

Expanse 54 millim.

One male example from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

In general appearance this species greatly resembles M. rufo-
notaria, but the antennae of the male are different in structure
and the arrangement of the markings, although very similar,

is not identical.

*

Metabraxas rufonotaria, sp. n.

W7hite, with leaden -grey and brownish markings. On the
primaries the leaden-grey markings comprise a basal patch
and a streak along the costa, a broad central fascia interrupted

452 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

just above the middle ; a submarginal band, also interrupted
above the middle, and only separated from the marginal band
by a transverse row of spots of the ground-colour ; between
the basal patch and central fascia there is a short interrupted
dash from the costa ; the brownish marks are placed on the
basal patch and costal portion of short dash beyond and also
on the costal and inner marginal portions of the central fascia.
Secondaries have a blackish discal spot and a smaller spot on
the first fork of median nervure ; the leaden-grey central
fascia is interrupted about the middle and sometimes before
inner margin ; marginal and submarginal bands as on
primaries, but the latter is not marked with brown. Fringes
dark grey in the male, paler in the female. Under surface as
above, but there are no brownish markings on primaries.
Antennae of the male bipectinated. Head greyish, face
brownish. Thorax grey, marked with brown. Abdomen
yellow, with two black spots on each segment above. Legs
yellow, tarsi marked with black.

Expanse, <$ 54, ? 56 rnillim.

Four specimens (three males and one female) from Omei-
shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Metdbraxas incompositariay sp. n.

Male. — White, spotted and marked with dingy grey. On
the primaries these markings represent a basal patch and
central fascia, with a short band between them from costa to
discal spot, and a broad band on outer marginal area, the last
is composed of smaller spots. Secondaries have an interrupted
central band, a discal spot, and some smaller spots between
it and the base of the wing ; some scattered spots on outer
marginal area. Fringes grey, narrowly interrupted with
white on the secondaries and towards the inner angle of
primaries. Under surface : markings as above, but blacker.
Antennae of the male bipectinated. Head and thorax yellow,
spotted with black, face blackish. Abdomen yellowish.
Legs grey, marked with blackish.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the spots on basal and
inner marginal areas are smaller and those on outer marginal
area fewer in number, especially on the secondaries.

Expanse 62 millim.

Seven male specimens and one female from Chang-yang,
June.

Hob. Central China.

from China, Japan, and Gorea. 453

Metdbraxas molossaria.

Abraxas molossaria. Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 32, pi. iii. fig:. 10
(1884).

This species is described by Oberthur from Tong-Tche'ou
(province of Kwei-chow). My collectors did not meet with
it in any part of China that they visited.

Oberthiir states that this is a variable species and that he
has received a melanic form of it from Northern India.

Hob. Western China.

Metabraxas (?) nigromarginaria^ sp. n.

White, with broad fuliginous borders to all the wings;
these borders are preceded by a series of spots of the same
colour ; on the primaries there are, in addition, a broad fuli-
ginous streak along the costal portion of the basal third of
the wing and some yellow markings at the extreme base ;
discal spot black, with a short interrupted band beyond ; the
apical portion of the marginal border of primaries is very
broad and encloses some spots of the ground-colour; the
inner marginal area of these wings is rather thickly spotted
with fuliginous. Secondaries have a few dark spots at their
base. Fringes of primaries fuliginous, slightly marked with
white ; of secondaries white, chequered with fuliginous.
Under surface as above. Antennae bipectinated nearly to the
tip. Body black, marked with yellow.

Expanse 54 millim.

One male specimen from Wa-shan, June.

Hob. Western China.

Genus DlLOPHODES.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 416 (1894).)

Dilophodes elegans.
Abraxas elegans, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 63, pi. xxxvii. fig. 6

/-> Q7Q\

Dilophodes elegans, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 416 (1894) ; Hampson,
Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 305 (1895).

Several specimens from Ohoyama, Nikko, and Gifu in
Pryer's collection.

I captured the species in Satsuma in May, and Mr. Smith
at Hakone in August. One male specimen was obtained by
my collectors in the province of Kwei-chow, a female example
at Omei-shan, and several specimens at Chang-yang : July.

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 32

454 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

The black markings of the Japanese specimens are larger
and more confluent than in Chinese examples.

Distribution. Japan ; Western and Central Chiiia. Kh&sis
(Hampsori).

Dilophodes conspicuaria, sp. n.

White, marked with black. Primaries spotted on basal
area; central fascia interrupted, broadest on costa; outer
marginal area banded with black ; this band, which is
narrowest in the middle, is intersected with white or whitish
along the neuration and traversed by a white line ; between
the central fascia and marginal band is a spot on costa, some-
times united with the former. Secondaries have a spot at
the base and one between it and the discal spot ; there is
also a spot on the middle of abdominal margin ; outer mar-
ginal area as on primaries. Fringes of primaries black,
tending to grey towards the inner angle ; those of secondaries
are pale grey. Under surface similar to the upperside, but
there is a broad black dash along the costa of secondaries
extending from basal spot to outer marginal band. Head
and thorax ochreous, the latter spotted above with black and
the patagia marked with whitish ; abdomen white, dorsally
marked with black, and the terminal segment with a tuft of
long silky grey hairs.

Expanse <? 58-64, 2 52-60 millim.

There were two male specimens and four females fronj Gifu
in Fryer's collection. I have also received two males from
Central China, where they were captured at a place thirty
miles north-west of Ichang in July; in one of these the line
traversing the outer marginal border is obsolete.

Distribution. Japan ; Central China.

Genus PERCNIA.

(Guen. Phal. ii. p. 216 (1857).)

Percnia foraria.

Percnia foraria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 217 (1857) ; Leech, Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 146 ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii.

p. 307 (1895).
Xenoplia foraria, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 415 (1894).

There were a few specimens from Yokohama in Pryer's
collection.

I received the species from Chang-yang, Kiukiang, Omei-
shan, and the province of Kwei-chow : June and July.

Distribution. Dharmsdla ; Simla ; Sikhim (Hampsori) ;
Japan ; Central and Western China.

from Chincij Japan} and Corea. 455

Percnia belluaria.

Percnia belluaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 217 (1857).

Percnia guttata^ Feld. Reis. Nov. v. pi. cxxx. fig. 15, d (1874).

Percnia belluaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 308 (1895).

Three specimens from Chang-yang, one from Wa-shan,
four from Pu-tsu-fong, and one from Omei-shan : June and
July. I took this species in September in Southern Kashmir
and I have received it from Kulu.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Kha'sis (Hampson) ; Kulu ; Kash-
mir; Central and Western China.

Percnia grisearia, sp. n.

Male. — Whitish. Primaries tinged with cinnamon-grey
at the base and clouded with blackish on basal half; all the
wings are traversed by series of black dots arranged as in
P.fumidaria, but the bands are blackish grey and considerably
interrupted, especially on the lower portion of outer margin of
primaries and on the secondaries. Fringes whitish grey,
becoming darker towards apex of primaries. Under surface
of primaries much clouded with blackish grey, that of second-
aries very similar to upperside, but the markings are rather
paler. Thorax and abdomen cinnamon-grey, spotted with
black.

Female. — Wings rather more ample; outer margin of
primaries rounder. The blackish-grey central band of
primaries is much broken up and the bands on secondaries
are almost obsolete ; the under surface of primaries is free
from blackish-grey clouding except on basal portion of costa
and on apical area of primaries.

Expanse, <$ 58, ? 60 millim.

Ten specimens (seven males, three females) from KiuT
kiang, Ichang, Chang-yang, Kwei-chow, and Chia-ting-fu.

Hah. Central and Western China.

This species and also P.fumidaria are allied to P. bellaana,
Guen.

Percnia fumidaria, sp. n.

Male. — Whitish. Primaries suffused with pinky grey on
the basal half and traversed by five rows of black dots, those
of central and two inner series placed on the neuration and
those of outer series placed between the nervules ; the central
series is followed by a broad band of pinky grey and the
space between the two outer series is grey, with the exception
of some bars of the ground-colour between the opposed dots ;

32*

456 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

the discal spot is black and there are two black dots at the
base of wing. On the secondaries the arrangement of black
dots and pink-grey bands corresponds with that on primaries,
except that there are only two black dots and the discal spot
between the central series and the base of the wing. Fringes
pinky grey. Under surface whitish ; discal spot on all the
wings black, larger than above and followed by a transverse
series of short black dashes on the riervules ; two outer series
of dots as on upperside, but those of primaries obscured by
a band of grey.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the wings are rather
more ample, and the outer margin of primaries rounder j the
pinky-grey suffusion is more restricted to basal area.

Expanse, $ 46, ? 52 millim.

Several examples of each sex from Chang-yang and Ichang
and a pair from Chia-ting-fu : July.

Hab. Central and Western China.

Percnia giraffata.

Abraxas giraffata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 205 (1857).

Rhyparia ffrandaria, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. 1862, p. 39 j Reise Nov.

pi. cxxix. fig. 28 (1874).
Percnia girafata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 309 (1895).

Two specimens from Fujisan in Fryer's collection. Three
specimens from Chang-yang, one from Wa-shan, two from
Omei-shan, one from Moupin, and one from the province of
Kwei-chow : June.

Cent

Distribution. Sikhim and Burma (Hampson) ; Japan ;
:ntral and Western China.

Percnia exanthemata.

Culcula exanthemata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 266 (1887).

Percnia exantJiemata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 308

(1895).
Buzura abraxata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889. p. 143, pi ix

fig. 14, $.

I received specimens of this species from Kiukiang, Moupin,
and Omei-shan, all taken in July.

The males range from 64-72 millim. in expanse and the
females from 74-90 millira.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Kha*sis (Hampson) ; Central and
Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 457

Genus OBEIDIA.
(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1139 (1862).)

Obeidia vagipardata.
Obeidia vagipardata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1139 (1862).

Common at Chang- yang, Kiukiang, and in all the localities
visited by my collectors : June and July.

There is considerable variation in the size of the black
spots ; those on the secondaries are often confluent and form
more or less complete bands. In one male specimen from
the province of Kwei-chow the secondaries are almost entirely
blackish and the outer and inner marginal areas of primaries
are broadly marked with the same colour.

Eab. Central and Western China.

Obeidia rongaria.

Ehyparia rongaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 35, pi. ii. fig. 22
(1893).

Described by Oberthur from a specimen received by him
from Tse*-kou.

Hob. Western China.

Obeidia idaria.

Rhyparia idaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 35, pi. v. fig. 73
(1893).

Oberthiir's type was from Tse*-kou.
Hob. Western China.

Obeidia tigrata.

Abraxas tigrata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 202 (1857).

Obeidia tigrata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 309, fig.

(1895).
Khyparia leopardaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. vi. p. 17, pi. ix. fig. 5

(1881).

A large number of specimens were received from Moupin,
Omei-shan, Chia-ting-fu, Kiukiang, and Chang-yang : June
and July. I captured the species at Gensan in July.

This species varies in expanse, in the tone of the yellow-
coloration, and also in the size of the black spots ; in some
specimens the spots on secondaries are confluent and form
bands.

Leopardaria, Oberth., is certainly a form of this species ;

458 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

I have a specimen from Moupin which is almost exactly
identical with Oborthiir's figure.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Ndgas; Penang (Hampson] ; Corea ;
Central and Western China.

Obeidia gigantearia, sp. n.

Male. — Yellow, central area of all the wings white ; basal,
costal, and marginal areas heavily spotted with black. All
the wings have a black irregular fascia and a diffuse submar-
ginal band : there is also a more or less complete subbasal
band on the secondaries. Fringes yellow, chequered with
black. Under surface as above.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the central fascia and
submarginal band on all the wings are broken up into spots,
as also is the subbasal band on secondaries.

Expanse 86-92 millim.

A large number of specimens from the province of Kwei-
chow and from Omei-shan and Moupin, also one example
from Chang-yang : June and July.

Hab. Central and Western China.

Obeidia conspurcata, sp. n.

Male. — Yellow, central area of all the wings white ; basal,
costal, and marginal areas spotted with blackish ; all the
wings have a broad central fascia and an ill-defined submar-
ginal band, the former composed of large blackish spots and
the latter of smaller spots. Fringes yellow, chequered with
blackish. Under surface as above.

female. — Similar to the male, but the wings are rather
more ample and the spots forming the central fascia are
smaller and more scattered.

Expanse 70-72 millim.

A long series from Chang-yang, also several specimens
from Omei-shan, Moupin, and Kwei-chow : July.

Hab. Central and Western China.

This species is very like 0. gigantearia, but it is smaller
and the maculation is not so black or so heavy, and the bands
are never so well defined.

Obeidia (?) Largeteaui.

Rhyparia Largeteaui , Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 32, pi. i. fie;, 5
(1884).

Appears to be common at Ichang, Chang-yang, and Omei-
shan. I also received one specimen from Chia-ting-fu : June
and July.

Hab. Central and Western China.

from Chindj Japan, and Corea. 459

Obeidia (?) aurantiaca.

Halthia aurantiaca, Alph. Rom. sur Le"p. vi. p. 56. pi. iii. fig. 2. (J
(1892).

Alphe*raky records a male specimen from the river Hei'-hb,
in the province of Kan-Sou : July.

Genus VlTHORA.
(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. iv. p. 818 (1855).)

Vithora stratonice.

Phalcena stratonice, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. p. 234, pi. cccxcviii. fig. K.

Cystidia stratonice, Hiibn. Verz. Schm. p. 174 (1800).

Vithora agrionides, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xv. p. 137 (1875) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. pt. ii. p. 3, pi. xxii. fig. 3 (1878).
Vithora stratonice, Leech, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 614.
Cistidia stratonice, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 116.

I met with this species at many places in Japan during
the months of May, June, and July ; at Gensan in June ;
and I have received two specimens from Kiukiang.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Central China.

Vithora indrasana.

Vithora indrasana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1865, p. 795, pi. xlii.

tiff. 5.
Halthia nigripars, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 16, pi. i.

fig. 1.
Vithora indrasana, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 311 (1895).

I have a long series of this species from Moupin and Omei-
shan, captured in July.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Kha*sis (Hampson) ; Western China.

The specimens agree better with the form nigripars from
Khdsis than with Sikhim specimens. The central white
markings on secondaries, however, are smaller, especially the
dash in cell, which is represented by a patch in the cell and a
small spot just outside.

Vithora couaggaria.

Abraxas couaggaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 202 (1857).

Halthia euryjyyle, Men. Bull, de 1'Acad. P<St. xvii. p. 217 j Schr. Amur-

Keise, p. 47, pi. iv. fig. 3 (1859).
Halthia eurymede, Motsch. Etud. d'Ent. 1860, p. 30.
Cistidia couaggaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 116.
Abraxas interruptaria, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. 1862, p. 39 ; Reise der

Nov. pi. cxxix. fig. 29 ; Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 145.
Abraxas lithosiaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1125 (1862).

There were several specimens in Fryer's collection, and I

460 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

captured some fine examples at Nagahama and Gensan in
July. I have also received the species from several Chinese
localities.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Amur ; Central and Western
China.

The very extensive series that I have retained comprises
all the intergrades between a specimen which is white in
ground-colour, with narrow black bands, and one which is
black in colour, with three small white spots on the basal
area and two spots, rather larger, on the outer third of
primaries. The secondaries of this specimen are black, with
two white bands.

Genus NEOLYTHRIA.
(Alph. Rom. sur L6p. vi. p. 72 (1892).)

NeolytJiria djrouchiaria.

Abraxas djrouchiaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 34, pi. iii. fig. 37
(1893).

I received a number of specimens from Ta-chien-lu, Moupin,
and Che-tou. In some of these the black transverse band of
primaries is not intersected by a yellow line.

Var. montana, nov. (PI. VII. fig. 11.)

Smaller than the type ; the transverse band of primaries is
broader, the black spots on outer margin of each wing are
united and form a marginal band, the secondaries have a
distinct macular submarginal band.

A long series was taken on the summit of Mount Omei in
August.

In one female example of this form the ground of primaries
is yellowish, and the secondaries are tinged with the same
colour.

Hob. Western China.

NeolytJiria abraxaria.

Neolythria abraxaria, Alph. Rom. sur L6p. vi. p. 72, pi. iii. figs. 8 a, b
(1892).

This species was first discovered in the province of
Szechuen. The specimens I have received from Western
China do not agree with the type ; I therefore describe them
as var. confinaria, nov.

In this form the white submarginal band on primaries is
much narrower and its edges are serrated ; the lower discal
streak is shorter, and there is sometimes a small triangular

from China, Japan, and Corea. 461

spot between this and the upper streak ; on the secondaries
the marginal black spots are larger.

Three specimens from Che-tou and two from Ta-chien-lu
July.

Hob. Western China.

Neolythria tandjrinaria.

Abraxas tandjrinaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 34. pi ii fig 23
(1893).

Occurs not uncommonly at Chin-kou-ho, Wa-shan, Huang,
mu-chang, and Chang-yang : June and July.

Among the specimens from Chin-kou-ho was an example
of the female, and as this sex has not been previously
described, I append a short description.

Female. — Yellow band, together with the black internal
border, on outer margin of primaries much narrower than in
the male ; the inner row of spots only represented by two or
three on the costal portion. On the secondaries the spots of
the inner row on outer margin are linear and almost touching
the outer ones.

Bab. Western and Central China.

Neolythria consimilaria, sp. n.

Similar to A. tandjrinaria, Oberth., but the black border of
the yellow band on outer margin of primaries, which is rather
fulvous in tint, is deeply indented on costal area ; the black
spots forming the inner series are larger, especially the costal
one and that below it • the two rows of black spots on outer
margin of secondaries are wider apart ; all the wings have a
distinct black discal spot.

Expanse 30-32 millim.

Several specimens (all males) from Wa-ssu-kow; examples
have also been received from Ta-chien-lu and Pu-tsu-fong :
June and July.

Nab. Western China.

Neolythria Oberthuri, sp. n. (PL VII. fig. 6.)

Also similar to A. tandjrinaria, Oberth., but the outer
marginal band of primaries is not tapered, but of almost
uniform width from costa to inner margin ; the inner row of
black spots is free and does not unite with the black bordering
line at any point. On the secondaries the marginal series of
black spots are even wider apart than in A. consimilaria, and
there is a black dot on each nervule before the inner series ;

462 On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China &c.

the black discal spot of primaries is linear and slightly curved,
that on secondaries, when present, is punctiforrn.

Expanse, $ 36, ? 38 millim.

Seven male specimens and three females from Moupin and
Huang-rim- chang : July and August.

Hob. Western China.

Neolythria nubiferaria^ sp. n.

White, slightly tinged with smoky, venation blackish.
Primaries : costa blackish, most broadly so near the white
transverse line, which precedes a deep blackish border on
outer margin ; discal spot black. Secondaries have a small
black discal spot. Fringes whitish, preceded by a series of
blackish lunules. Under surface similar to above.

Expanse, $ 26, $ 28 millim.

One example of each sex from How-kow.

Hab. Thibet.

Genus XANTHABRAXAS.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 422 (1894).)

Xanthabraxas hemionata.

Abraxas hemionata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 208 (1857).
Xanthabraxas hemionata, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 422 (1894).

I received four specimens from Chang-yang, one from Kiu-
kiang, and five from Moupin : July.
Hub. Central and Western China.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE VI.

Fig. 1. Heterocallia trimcaria, sp. n., p. 212.

Fig. 2. Urapteryx subpunctaria, Leech, p. 192.

Fig. 3. similaria, sp. n., p. 192.

Fig. 4. Anonychia pi'ceditaria, sp. n., p. 226.

Fig. 5. Xyloscia biangularia, sp. n., p. 210.

Fig. 6. Oberthiiria nigromacularia, sp. n., p. 189.^.

Fig. 1. flavomarginaria, sp. n., p. 188.

Fig. 8. Heterolocha quadraria, sp. n., p. 231.

J'iff. 9. Rumia trimacularia^ sp. n., p. 298.

Fig. 10. Krananda lucidaria, sp. n., p. 305.

Fig. 11. Psychostrophia picaria, sp. n., p. 189.

Fig. 12. Venikaflavaria, sp. n., p. 233.

Fig. 13. Myrteta sinensaria, sp. n., p. 195.

Fig. 14. Macaria elongaria, sp. n., p. 308.

Fig. 15. Pericallia marmorataria, sp. n., p. 207.

On new Muridse/row Central and West Africa. 463

PLATE VII.

Fiff. 1. Ligdia japonica, Leech, p. 449.
Fig. 2. Boarmia venustaria, Leech, p. 414.
Fit/. 3. Phyllabravas curvaria, sp, n., p. 441.
Fig. 4. Boarmia decoloraria, sp. n., p. 424.

Fit/. 5. fttnwsaria, Leech, p. 417.

Ftt/. 6. Neolythria Obei'thuri, sp. n., p. 461.

Fit/. 7. Selmia adustaria, Leech, p. 205.

Fig. 8. Biston emaryinaria, sp. n., p. 322.

Fig. 9. HemeropJiila conjunctaria, sp. n., p. 431.

Fig. 10. Arichanna albomacularia, Leech, p. 43(5.

Fig. 11. Neolythria djrouchiaria, Oberth., var. montana, nov.,p. 460.

Fit/. 12. Abraxas curvilinearia, sp. n., p. 449.

Fig. 13. punctisignaria, sp. n., p. 447.

Fig. 14. Boarmia basifuscaria, Leech, p. 416.
Fig. 15. ornataria, Leech, p. 417.

XL1V. — Descriptions of Two new Muridae prom. Central
and West Africa. By W. E. DE WlNTOX.

THE examination of some specimens of West-African Muridas
lately acquired by the British Museum and kindly entrusted
to me for determination by Mr. Oldfield Thomas shows the
necessity for descriptions being drawn out and names given
to two forms. One I propose to name Mas sebastianus, the
peculiarity of the fur suggesting arrows sticking in its skin.
The other I name Malacomys centraiis ; the examples of this
species were collected and presented to the British Museum
by Dr. Emin Pasha ten years ago, and referred to by
Thomas (P. Z. S. 1888, p. 11) as M. longipes, but have
until now never been compared with specimens of M. longipes,
M.-Edw. The Museum has since acquired several specimens
of this West- African form.

Mus sebastianus, sp. n.

Size rather smaller than M. rattus : whole of the upper
parts dull coffee-brown, fur soft and rather woolly, inter-
spersed with long shining lance-shaped darker hairs ; beneath
greyish white, not sharply separated from the colour of the
upper parts ; feet and hands covered with fine short adpressed
brown hairs ; nails pale horn- colour, small on the fore feet,
those on the hind feet much larger and stronger, curved, but
not very sharp ; front part of the face and nose thickly
haired ; whiskers all black-brown, long, reaching well beyond
ears ; in the alcoholic specimens the ear laid forward just
reaches to postcanthus of the eye ; tail very long, unicoloured
dark slate, smooth and practically naked.

464 Mr. W. E. de Winton on Two new

The general colour of this mouse seems to come between
" Vandyke " arid " burnt umber " of Ridgway. The long
shining hairs are very conspicuous, as they are fully twice
the length of the rest of the coat and wave with their own
weight as the specimen is turned about in the hand ; a closer
examination shows that these hairs are of very peculiar
shape, being exceedingly fine for more than half their length,
then increasing several diameters and ending in a point ; thus,
when a single hair is extracted and laid on the table it
resembles a miniature porcupine-quill on the end of a fine
piece of wire. The fore feet are very typical of the genus,
and there is nothing out of the common in the structure of
the hind feet ; the first toe reaches to base of second, fifth to
end of first phalanx of fourth ; pads, first four are large, last
two small, all pointed ; soles smooth and naked.

Type, ? in al. (97. 2. 21. 4 in British Museum) :—
Mammae 1—2 = 6. Head and body 141 millim. ; tail 190;
hind foot 29 ; ear 18.

A younger <£ : — Head and body 132 ; tail 185 ; hind
foot 28 ; ear 17.

LOG. Efulen, Cameroons.

The skull somewhat resembles that of M. univittatus, but
is more ridged. In profile it is arched ; it is rather short and
broad, bumpy and angular ; supraorbital and temporal ridges
strongly developed, forming well-marked angles at the junc-
tion of the frontals and parietals, and also in the middle of
the latter over posterior roots of zygomata ; the ridges con-
tinue back to join the occipital ridge, forming a polygonal
pattern on the top of the skull, only open across the inter-
orbital constriction ; the zygomata, bowed evenly downwards,
are of nearly equal thickness throughout. Auditory bullaa
very small. The molars are exceedingly simple ; in neither
of the specimens to hand is there any sign of cusps, and the
pattern of the enamel folds is perfectly plain, with none of
the minor folds found in a greater or less degree of develop-
ment in the teeth of nearly every member of the genus.
Upper incisors orange-yellow, lower rather paler. The
palatal foramina barely reach a line drawn between the front
roots of molars ; the postnarial opening is rounded and open,
the back of the palate barely extending to the level of the
back of the molar series.

Mandibles short and deep, condyles set very high nearly to
level of coronoids, which are small ; the back line is very
little bowed in from the perpendicular.

Skull measurements : — Greatest length 37'5 millim.,
greatest breadth 18'5; breadth of brain- case 15, constr. 6*5;

On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China &c. 543

LV. — On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and
Corea. By JOHN HENRY LEECH, B.A., F.L.S , F.Z.S.,
&c. — Part II. Family Geometridae; Subfamilies (Eno-
chrominge, Orthostixinae, Larentiinas, Acidaliinse, and
GeometrinaB.

Subfamily (ENOCHROMIN&.

Genus SARCINODES.
(Guen. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 315 (1895).)

Sarcinodes restitutaria.

Auxima restitutaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1527 (1862).
Sarcinodes restitutaria, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 59, pi. cxv.
figs. 1, 2 (1886) j Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 315 (1895).

One specimen from Omei-shan : July.

This example is violet-grey, suffused with olive-brown
before the transverse line and on outer margins.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Kha*sis ; Sumatra (Hampson) ;
Western China.

Sarcinodes cequilinearia.

Mergana aquilinearia, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxi. p. 292 (1860).
Sarcinodes cequilinearia, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 60, pi. cxv.

figs. 5, 6 (1886) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 316

(1895;.

One male specimen from Omei-shan, taken in July.
Distribution. Sikhim; Kha*sis (Hampson) ; Western China.

Genus PAL^EOMYSTIS.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 379 (1894).)

Pala3omystis falcataria.

Urapteryx (?) falcataria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 613.
Metrocampa unto, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xi. p. 32, pi. vi. fig. 43

(1886) ; Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 58 (1892).
Palceomystis falcataria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 318

(1895).

My collectors obtained this species at Ta-chien-lu, Wa-
shan, Chia-kou-ho, and Pu-tsu-fong in June and July.

Alpheraky records a specimen from Tchagan, in the Pro-
vince of Kan-Sou, taken in July.

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson) ; Western China.

544 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Palceomystis mabillaria.

Erosia (?) mabillaria, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 311, pi. vi.
fig. 12.

Poujade records a male specimen from Moupin. I have
received an example of the same sex from Huang-mu-chang,
taken in July, and another from Wa-shan, taken in June.

Hob. Western China.

This species is smaller than P. falcataria, Moore, and the
angle of the secondaries is more produced.

Subfamily OKTHOSTIXIN&.

Genus IOTAPHORA.
(Warr. Novit. Zool. i. p. 322 (1894).)

lotaphora iridicolor.

Paneethia iridicolor, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vi. p. 227
(1880) ; 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 49, pi. cxiii. fig. 3 (1886).

Metrocampa admirabilis, Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1883, p. Ixxxiv ;
Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 29, pi. i. fig. 8 (1884).

Metrocampa (?) admirabilis, Grseser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 392.

lotaphora iridicolor. Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 322
(1895).

My collectors obtained a specimen in each of the following
localities : — Chang-yang, Ichang, Moupin, Wa-shan, Omei-
shan : June and July.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Kha*sis (Hampson) ; Amur ; Central
and Western China.

All my Chinese examples are larger than any Himalayan
specimen that I have seen, and, with the exception of the
Wa-shan specimen, they all have a greenish tinge. Graeser
states that the larva of this species feeds on Juglans mand-
schuricaj and that it is like a curled leaf in appearance.

Genus EUMELEA.
(Duncan ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 320 (1895).)

Eumelia rosalia.

Phaleena (Geometra) rosalia, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. pi. ccclxviii. fig. F

(1782).
Eumelea rosalia, flampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 320 (1895).

Hampson gives China for this species, probably in the
south, as my collectors did not meet with it in any part of
Central or Western China that they visited.

Distribution. China; Formosa; throughout India, Ceylon,
and Burma ; the Malayan and Austro-Malayan subregions.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 545

Genus NAXA.

(Walk. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 824 (1895).)

Naxa margaritaria, sp. n. i// / ,*•• #.

Frenulum absent ; antennas bipectinated ; hind tibiae not
dilated, but with terminal pair of spurs. Subdiaphanous
with strong pearly reflections. Traversed by series of black
spots as in N. seriaria. The subcostal spot of first series is
double, and there is an additional one on the inner margin,
increasing the number in this series to four ; there is also a
spot on inner margin between the first and second series.
The secondaries also have an additional spot about the middle
of the abdominal margin. All the markings are smaller and
fainter. Body and upperside of legs black.

Expanse 44-46 millim.

Two male specimens from Chang-yang, July.

Hob. Central China.

Naxa seriaria.

Zerene seriaria, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1866, pt. 1, p. 196.

Orthostixis latata, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 84 (1864).

Zerene taicoumaria, de 1'Orza, Cat. L6p. Jap. p. 48.

Naxa seriaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 325 (1895).

Psilonaxa taicoumaria, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 393.

There were some specimens in Fryer's collection under the
name Naxa textilis. In his c Catalogue of the Lepidoptera
of Japan/ Pryer says : " Yokohama. Larva hairy, gregarious.
Living in a web ; feeds on the privet."

Occurs also in the Island of Kiushiu and at Omei-shan.
The specimens from the last-named locality range in expanse
from 36—53 millim.

Distribution. Bhutan; Nagas (Hampson) ; Amur; Japan;
Kiushiu ; Western China.

Naxa angustaria, sp. n.

Similar in appearance to N. seriaria, Motsch., but the
frenulum is present, and the antennae are shortly bipectinated
in both sexes ; hind tibia? not dilated and with terminal spurs.
The discal spots of secondaries are smaller ; the submarginal
series of black spots on each wing is rather nearer the mar-
ginal series, and the spots themselves are smaller.

Expanse 40-52 millim.

Several specimens from Ichang and Chang-yang : June
and July.

Hob. Central China.

546 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Naxa contraria, sp. n.

Antennae bipectinated in both sexes. Frenulum present ;
hind tibiae much dilated, with short terminal spurs. Arrange-
ment of black spots somewhat similar to that of JV. seriaria,
but there are two additional spots on primaries, one on middle
of inner margin, and one between it and the base of the wing ;
there is also a black spot on the middle of the abdominal
margin of secondaries. The marginal spots are not always
well formed.

Expanse 50-60 millim.

Eight specimens, from Chang-yang and Ichang, July.

This species differs from N. margaritaria in its larger size,
stronger pectinations of antennae, absence of pearly reflection,
and presence of frenulum .

Hob. Central China.

Naxa montanaria, sp. n.

Outer margin of secondaries rather straight from middle to
anal angle, which is more produced, as also is the apex of
primaries. Maculation similar to that of N. contraria, but
finer and less distinct, and the wings are more transparent.

Expanse, <$ 58, ? 68 millim.

Six male specimens and four females from Ornei-shan,
one male from Wa-shan, all taken in June.

Hob. Western China.

Naxa obliquaria, sp. n.

Antennae finely serrated in both sexes. Frenulum present ;
hind tibiae much dilated. Apex of primaries rather acute.
Greyish white. All the wings have a blackish discal spot
and an oblique blackish line outwardly bordered with white
and angled towards costa of primaries. Fringes silky white,
preceded by a series of black spots. Under surface silky
white ; discal spots black and conspicuous ; the apices of
primaries black, and there is a spot of the same colour at
outer angle of secondaries ; fringes preceded by black spots
as above.

Expanse 42-46 millim.

A male specimen from Chow-pin-sa, June, and one example
of each sex from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Genus EMMECOSMIA.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. iii. p. 118 (1896).)

Emmecosmia bilinearia, sp. n.
Pale whity brown or ochreous brown. Primaries have two

from China, Japan, and Corea. 547

parallel dark ochreous-brown transverse lines, the first com-
mencing in a blackish spot on costa and passing very close to
the blackish discal spot ; excision below apex is marked with
dusky ; costal and outer marginal areas suffused with greyish
brown. Secondaries have a dusky transverse line beyond
the middle. Fringes of the ground-colour, tinged with
darker on primaries. Under surface ochreous, except on inner
half of primaries ; all the wings have a dusky transverse line
beyond the middle.

Expanse 35-42 millim.

Eight female specimens were taken by a native collector
to the north of Ta-chien-lu.

Hob. Western China.

Subfamily LARENTIIN&.

Genus LEPTOSTEGNA.
(Christ. BuU. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Iv. 2, p. 86 (1880).)

Leptostegna tenerata.

Leptostegna tenerata,1 Christ. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Iv. (2) p. 88 (1881) ;
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 333 (1895).

Several specimens in Fryer's collection from Oiwake,
Yesso, and Nikko.

I captured examples at Gensan in June, and have received
it from Hakodate, also from Chang-yang, Wa-shan, Ta-
chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, and Ghia-kou-ho.

Distribution. Amur ; Japan ; Yesso ; Corea ; Central and
Western China ; Sikhim.

Genus NAXIDIA.

(Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 334 (1895).)
Naxidia punctata.

Argidava punctata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vi. p. 128

(1880) ; 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 67, pi. cxvii. fig. 1.
Naxidia punctata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 334 (1895).

Appears to have been common at Wa-shan, and was also
obtained at several of the other localities in Western China
visited by my collectors.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Nagas (Hampson) ; Western China.

Naxidia irrorata.

Argidava irrorata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 251 (1887).

Naxidia irrorata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 334 (1895).

One female specimen from Ta-chien-lu, taken in June, I
have referred to this species, but, as I have not seen the type,

548 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Ileterocera

I am not quite certain that the identification is correct.
However, the specimen agrees with the description of N. irro-
rata.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Na"gas (Hampsori) ; Western China.

Naxidia maculata.
Aryidava maculata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 373 (1879).

There was a nice series in Fryer's collection, some of the
specimens labelled " Oiwake." Referring to this species in
his ' Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Japan/ Pryer says,
" It mimics jEmenefasciata, and is found in the same loca-
lities at rest on stones." He gives Ohoyama and Nikko as
localities.

Hob. Japan.

Genus LYGRANOA.

(Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 402 (1878).)
Lygranoa fusca.

Lygranoa fusca, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 447 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 54, pi. liv. fig. 7 (1879).

A series from Ohoyama and Nikko in Fryer's collection.
I met with the species at Gensan in June, and I have received
it from Ningpo and from localities in Central and Western
China. It occurs in June, July, and August. Gra3ser
records a male specimen from Wladivostock.

Distribution. Amur ; Japan ; Corea ; Eastern, Central,
and Western China.

Lygranoa sinuosaria, sp. n.

Primaries brownish, darker on basal and outer marginal
areas; subbasal line blackish, oblique, angled above sub-
median nervure ; about the middle of costa there is a black
triangular spot, its apex almost touching the black, elongate
discal spot ; beyond the middle of costa is another black spot
somewhat quadrate in form, from the lower outer corner of
this spot a black sinuous line forms an acute angle and
continues to inner margin ; submarginal line whitish, wavy,
preceded on costa by a diffuse blackish spot. Secondaries
whity brown, suffused with fuscous, and with indications
of a dusky central line. Fringes of primaries brownish,
marked with darker, and of secondaries pale brown. Under
surface pale brown, whitish on inner marginal area of pri-
maries ; all the wings have a fuscous transverse line beyond
the middle marked with blackish on the venation, and the
primaries have an elongate discal spot.

from China, Japan^ and Corea. 549

Expanse 38 millim.

One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu, July.

Hob. Western China.

This species is allied to *' Dysethia " licommata, Warren.

Lygranoa grisearia, sp. n. S^JSf,^. /r.

Primaries grey, with two velvety-black spots on the costa ;
below the first there is an ill-defined transverse line, marked
with black on the median nervure and again on inner margin ;
the lower end of the second spot is produced outwards, and
from the extremity of this projection there is a series of black
points on the venation j submarginal line pale, wavy, inter-
secting a brownish shade on the outer marginal area j there
is also a brownish transverse shade on the median area ;
discal dot black. Secondaries greyish, with a punctiform
central line. Fringes : primaries greyish brown ; secondaries
greyish, marked with darker at the ends of the nervules ;
preceded on all the wings by a dusky crenulate line. Under
surface ochreous brown, powdered and suffused with darker
brown ; all the wings have an elongate blackish discal spot
and indication of a transverse line beyond; fringes brownish.

Expanse 38 millim.

One female specimen from Pu-tsu-fong and one from Kia-
ting-fu : June.

Hob. Western China.

Lygranoa pallescens.
Dysethia pallescens, Warren, Novit. Zool. iii. p. 118 (1896).

Four female specimens in Pryer's collection. Three of
these are from Oiwake, but the fourth, which is suffused with
brownish on the margins, is not localized.

Hob. Japan.

Genus CRYPTOLOBA.

(Warren ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 336 (1895).)

Cryptolola cinerea.

Lygranoa cinerea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vi. p. 228 (1880) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 86, pi. cxx. fig. 4 (1886).
Cryptoloba cinerea, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, m. p. 337

(1895).

Five specimens (4^,1 ? ) from Chang-yang, Central
China: July.

Distribution. Central China ; Dharmsdla ; Sikhim.

550 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Cryptoloba rivularia, sp. n.

Primaries black, traversed by four white lines ; the first is
not well defined, the second is serrated and sharply dentate
above inner margin, the third is serrated and angled below
costa, the fourth is macular below costa. Secondaries white,
clouded with blackish at the base and on outer margin ;
discal spot is black, and there are indications of a blackish
central band. Fringes of primaries black and white ; of
secondaries white, preceded by a black line. Under surface
white ; primaries have the costa streaked with black from
base to a short angulated band ; the outer margin is broadly
black, intersected by a white macular line ; secondaries have
a black discal spot, interrupted central band, and outer mar-
ginal border, the latter intersected by a white macular line.

Expanse 24-26 millim.

Five male specimens, from Omei-shan, Ni-tou, Che-tou,
Pu-tsu-fong : June and July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to C.frigida, Butl., but the lobe at base of second-
aries is much smaller.

Cryptoloba frigida.

Coremia frigida, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 450 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 56, pi. Iv. fig. 3 (1879).

A long series from Yokohama in Pryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Genus LOBOGONIA.

(Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 345.)
Lobogonia paralldariay sp. n.

Pale brown, irrorated with darker, especially on the second-
aries. Primaries traversed by two oblique, parallel, dark
brown lines, each of which expands on the costa; there
is a dark brown spot on costa before apex, and one below
between veins 5 and 6 ; fringes almost black, except at
the angle. Secondaries have a discal dot and sharply-curved
transverse line, both dusky ; fringes ochreous, preceded by
a dark brown line. Under surface : of primaries smoky grey,
costa and on outer margin ochreous ; of secondaries ochreous,
irrorated with brownish; markings on all wings similar to
above, but the first line of primaries is less, and that of
secondaries more, distinct.

Expanse 32 millim.

One specimen from Ichang, June.

/lab. Central China.

from China, Japan , and Corea. 551

Lobogonia ambusta.

Lobogonia ambusta, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 346,
pi. xxxi. fig. 21.

Several specimens received from Pu-tsu-fong and Omei-
shan, where they were taken in July.

Distribution. Khdsis (Hampson) ; Western China.

Lobogonia conspicuaria, sp. n.

Differs from L. ambusta, Warren, in having the first and
second black spots on costa of primaries larger and triangular
in shape, the apex of the second extends to the enlarged spot
beyond the middle of the outer transverse line ; the lines
originating in these spots are not clearly defined. On the
secondaries the central line is broader. Fringes blackish
above and below the angle of each wing.

A nice series, including both sexes, was taken at Chang-
yang in July.

Hab. Central China.

Nearly allied to L. pseudomacariata, Poujade.

Lobogonia pseudomacariata.

Ellopia pseudomacariata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 308, pi. vi.
fig. 4.

Poujade records one female specimen from Moupin; my
collectors did not meet with the species.
Hab. Western China.

Lobogonia fasciaria, sp. n.

Primaries olive-yellow, sparingly freckled with olive-
brown, and traversed by two bands of the same colour -, the
first band is slightly contracted below the middle, and the
second both above and below the middle; there are two
olive-brown spots on costa near apex, two others above angle
on outer margin, and a linear one towards inner angle.
Secondaries much paler, freckled with fuscous, and traversed
by a fuscous central line ; discal dot blackish. Fringes
blackish, except at apex and angle of primaries. Under
surface paler than above : primaries suffused with dusky on
basal area ; all the wings have a dusky central line.

Expanse 27 millim.

Two female specimens from Chang-yang : June, July.

Hab. Central China.

552 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus CARIGE.
(Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1631 (1862).)

Carige cruciplaga.

Macaria cruciplaga, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 937 (1861).
Carige duplicaria, Walk. op. cit. xxvi. p. 1632 (1862).
Macaria nigronotaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 80, pi. vii. fig. 6 (1864).
Macaria indictinaria, Brem. /. c. p. 81, pi. vii. fig. 8.

This variable species seems to be generally distributed
throughout Western China, and is common in Japan and
Corea.

It also occurs at Chang-yang, Central China, but as the
form from this locality is rather different to either of those
previously named, I describe it as

Var. extremaria.

Apex of primaries more produced and the outer margin of
secondaries more deeply indented. Larger in expanse. More
thickly powdered with fuscous, and the markings are much
larger and blacker.

Expanse, $ 38, ? 42 millim.

Two examples of each sex.

Distribution. Siberia; Sikhim ; Khdsis ; Penang (Hamp-
son) ; Japan ; Central and Western China.

Meyrick (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 91) places duplicaria,
Walk, (nigronotaria, Brem.) in Calothysanis, Hiibn.

Carige flavidaria, sp. n.

Somewhat similar to C. cruciplaga, but the median nervure
and its branches and the nervules above are broadly ochreous ;
the double black lines are interrupted, except at costa and
towards inner margin, and the yellow bands between are
broader and deeper in colour ; all the wings have a pale sub-
marginal line, but serrated ; the inner double line of primaries
is nearer to the black discal dot. The same differences are
noticeable on the under surface.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen from Omei-shan, July.

Hab. Western China.

Genus ANAITIS.

(Dup. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 341 (1895).)

Anaitis plagiata.
Phalana-Geometra plagiata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 869.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 553

Anaitis plagiata, Dup. Lep. v. p. 532, pi. cxcv. figs. 2, 3; Hanipson,

Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 342.
Eucestia plagiata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 69.

Two female specimens of the first brood, and one male and
two females of the second brood, from Oiwake, Nikko, and
Ohoyama, in Fryer's collection.

The examples of first brood in Japan are paler, and those
of second brood darker than European specimens.

Distribution. Europe; Asia Minor; Japan; Afghanistan;
N.W. Himalayas (Hampson).

Anaitis pudicata.

Anaitis pudicata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 497 (1857) : Hampson, Fauna Brit.
Ind., Moths, iii. p. 341 (1895).

Appears to be common at Chia-ting-fu, Moupin, Wa-
shan, Pu-tsu-fong, Ichang, and Chang-yang: June and
July.

In the Chinese specimens of this species the postmedial
line is not excurved beyond end of cell, but is nearly straight
from costa to inner margin.

Distribution. Afghanistan; N.W. Himalayas; Sikhim
(Hampson) ; Western and Central China.

Anaitis brunnearia} sp. n.

Primaries greyish brown, traversed by two pale lines ; the
first is nearly straight from subcostal to inner margin, and
is bordered outwardly with brownish ; the second is oblique
from costa to inner margin, slightly curved about middle,
and bordered inwardly with brownish. Secondaries whitish,
slightly tinged with crimson. Under surface greyish, suffused
with crimson on costal and apical areas of primaries and on
discal area of secondaries.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Closely allied to A. pudicata^ Guen., but the primaries are
not suffused with crimson on costal and outer series above,
and on the under surface this colour extends further along
outer margin.

Anaitis fulgurata.
Anaitis fulgurata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 498 (1857) ; Hampson, Fauna

Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 342 (1895).

Ors&noba (?) medmaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1521 (1862).
Docirava medmaria, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 87, pi. cxx. fig. 6

(1886).

One male specimen from Chia-ting-fu and one from Wa-
shan : June and July.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 39

554 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim (Hampson) ;
Western China.

Genus SiONA.
(Dup. Le> iv. p. 102.)

Siona naseraria.

Siona naseraria. Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 34, pi. v. fig. 72
(1893).

A nice series, composed of specimens taken at Ta-chien-lu
and How-kow in June and July.

Hob. Western China and Thibet.

I have left this species in Siona, as placed by Oberthiir,
but a new genus will probably have to be made for it.

Genus EUBOLIA.
(Dup. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 343 (1895).)

Eubolia duplicata.

Oriholiiha duplicata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 385.
Eubolia duplicata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.; Moths, iii. p. 343 (1895).

Several specimens from How-kow, Thibet, and a few
examples from Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, and Kia-ting-fu :
June and July.

The oblique white medial band varies in width; in two
specimens it is almost entirely absent, and the black markings
are united forming a large triangular blotch.

Distribution. Chumbi (Hampson) ; Thibet j Western
China.

Eubolia similaria, sp. n.

Allied to E. peribolata, Hiibn., from Europe, but larger ;
the outer edge of the central band of primaries is bilobed,
and between the inner edge of the band and the base of the
wing there are several transverse lines. Secondaries whitish,
tinged with fuscous along the basal portion of the abdominal
margin ; there are indications of a discal spot and central
line, tinder surface similar to that of E. peribolata.

Expanse 38 millim.

Several specimens of each sex from Ta-chien-lu, Wa-shan,
and Ni-tou : May and June.

Hob. Western China.

Peribolata, Htibn., is included in Xanthorhoe, Hiibn., by
Meyrick (Trans, Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 77).

from China, Japan, and Corea. 555

Genus SCOTOSIA.
(Steph. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 344 (1895).)

Scotosia vashti.

Collix vashti, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 445 (1878) • 111

Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 52, pi. liv. fig. 3 (1879).
Eucosmia Christophi, Hedem. Horae Soc. Ent. Ross, xvi p 265 (949

bis), pi. xiii. fig. 4 (1881).

Three specimens from Yesso in Fryer's collection.

I obtained several examples at Hakodate in August, and
my collectors found the species at several localities in
Western China in July.

The Chinese specimens are rather larger than the Japanese
examples, and they have a white edging to the costal portion
of the outer line of primaries.

Distribution. Amur ; Japan ; Yesso ; Western China.

Christophi) Hedem., is included in Calocalpe, Hiibn., by
Meyrick (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 70).

Scotosia multilinear ia, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries dark grey, traversed by numerous fuli-
ginous wavy lines ; the central area is rather darker and its
outer edge is sometimes marked by a white macular line ;
outer marginal fourth fuliginous, traversed by a macular
white line, but this is not distinct throughout. Secondaries
fuliginous, with indications of a pale submarginal line.
Under surface fuliginous, with a black discal dot on each
wing.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the central area is not
darker ; sometimes there is a pale patch about the middle of
the costa enclosing a dark cloud.

Expanse, $ 46, ? 50 millim.

Two male specimens and ten females from Ta-chien-lu and
Che-tou : June and July.

Hob. Western China.

Scotosia bipunctularia, sp. n.

Whity brown, traversed by numerous dark grey-brown
wavy lines. On the costa of primaries there are two quad-
rate blackish spots, and the transverse lines originating from
the outer one are slightly more conspicuous than the others.
Fringes of the ground-colour chequered with darker. Under
surface pale grey, with the transverse lines of upper surface
faintly reproduced.

Expanse, $ 32, ? 34 millim.

oy

556 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Several examples of both sexes from Omei-shan, Ta-chien-
lu, Ni-tou, and Chang-yang : July and August.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Closely allied to S. vetulata, Schiff., from Europe. The
male has a trifid anal tuft.

Scotosia corrugata.
Scotosia corrugata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)xiii. p. 275 (1884)

There was a nice series from Yesso in Fryer's collection.

My native collector obtained a specimen at Hakodate and
one at Ningpo in June; the latter agrees in colour with
S. vetulata from Europe.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Eastern China.

Scotosia rhamnata.

Geometra rhamnata, Schiff. Wien. Verz. 109 ; Hiibn. Geom. pi. lii.

fig. 271.

Philereme rhamnata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 70.
Scotosia rhamnata, var. japanaria, Leech. Entom., Suppl. p. 53 (May

1891).

There were two male specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's
collection.

The Japanese form of this species differs from the
European type in being larger and having a pale grey-
brown coloration ; the transverse lines are identical in
number and form, but the space between the two central
angulated lines is not darker. On the under surface the
difference of colour is not so pronounced and the markings
are typical.

Expanse 40 millim.

Distribution. Europe ; Armenia ; Japan.

Scotosia dubitata.

Phal Geometra dubitata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 866 ; Clerck, Icon.

pi. vi. fig. 2.

Scotosia dubitata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 445.
Hydriomena dubitata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 72.

Some specimens from Yesso in Fryer's collection.

I have received several examples from Chang-yang and
the province of Kwei-chow : June.

Distribution. Europe; Japan; Central and Western China.

Both Japanese and Chinese examples of this species are
paler and less distinctly marked, agreeing more nearly with
var. ctnereata, Steph., than with the type.

S. (Thriphosa) Oberthuri, Hedern., from Amurland (Horse
Soc. Ent. Ross. xvi. p. 248 bis), is probably a form of this
species.

from China, Japan} and Corea. 557

Scotosia sericata.

Scotosia sericata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 444 (1879).

Five specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I received six specimens from the province of Kwei-chow
and one from Ichang : June.

The Chinese specimens are rather paler in colour than
those from Japan.

Distribution. Japan ; Central and Western China.

Scotosia rubrodotata.
Scotosia rubrodotata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxv. p. 1353 (1862).

Several specimens from the province of Kwei-chow, June
and July.

Distribution. Northern India ; Western China.

Scotosia expansa.

Scotosia expansa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 274 (1887).
Scotosia rubrodotata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 345
(1895).

Three specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, June and July.
Distribution. Sikhim ; Western China.

Scotosia fasciaria, sp. n.

Male. — Pale greyish brown. Primaries have a blackish-
grey basal patch and central fascia ; the median portion of
the costal half of the fascia is of the ground-colour and
encloses the small blackish discal spot, its internal edge is
slightly indented below the costa and has a small inward pro-
jection towards inner margin, its external edge is dentate
below costa, then bilobed about the middle and again towards
inner margin; submarginal line pale, edged inwardly with
dusky but not not clearly defined. Secondaries have the
basal area dusky, limited by a rather darker wavy line, arid
there are slight indications of some dusky transverse wavy
lines beyond. Fringes of the ground-colour marked with
darker. Under surface pale greyish brown ; basal area of
each wing dusky ; discal spot black ; there is a patch of long,
silky, brownish-grey hairs on the middle of submedian
nervure.

Expanse 44 millim.

One male specimen from Che-tou, July.

Hob. Western China.

558 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Scotosia certata.

Geometra cervinata, Hiibn. Geom. pi. li. fig. 266.

Plerocymia eertata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 332.

Scotosia certata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 448.

Calocalpe certata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 70.

Eucosmia varia, Hedem. Horse Soc. Ent. Ross. XYI. p. 55, pi. x. fig. 7

(1879).
Eucosmia varia, var. hedemannaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 55,

pi. iv. fig. 10 (1880).
Eucosmia excultata, Christ. Stett. ent. Zeit. liv. p. 35 (1893).

Three specimens, taken at Hakodate by my native col-
lector in July, are referable to E. varia, Hedem., which I
consider to be simply a well-marked form of Scotosia certata.
I have very similar examples in my series of this species
from Europe.

I received one male specimen from Ichang. This has the
central fascia of primaries well defined, the inner edge rather
deeply indented towards costa, and the outer edge more than
usually dentate. There is a specimen very like this in the
series of 8. certata from Japan in the National Collection.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Askold ; Japan ; Yesso ;
Central China.

0 Scotosia grisearia, sp. n.

Whitish grey. Primaries have a dark grey basal patch,
central fascia, and outer marginal border ; the fascia has the
median area of the ground-colour, and the marginal border is
diffuse and intersected by a whitish wavy line, which de-
velops into a spot above inner angle and sometimes towards
costa. Secondaries are suffused with dark grey and traversed
by faint wavy lines of the same colour ; submarginal line
whitish, wavy. Fringes grey, marked with paler, and pre-
ceded by a blackish line. Under surface whitish grey ;
basal two thirds of primaries suffused with fuliginous grey,
the outer edge somewhat acutely angulated below costa ;
discal spot black, elongate, preceded by a blackish rather
wavy line ; apical area fuliginous grey : secondaries have a
black discal spot and a dusky, wavy, central line ; there is a
patch of long silky dark grey hairs from middle of sub-
median nervure in the male.

Expanse, c? 48, $ 50 millim.

Several specimens from Che-tou, Moupin, Ta-chien-lu, and
Omei-shan : July and August.

Hal. Western China.

In some of the examples the ground-colour is tinged with
ochreous.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 559

Scotosia sideritaria.
Scotosia sideritaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 34, pi. 1. fig. 13

? Eucosmia alternata, Staud. Iris, viii. p. 332 (Jan. 1896).
Eucosmia alternata, var. fasciata, Staud. /. c.

I have a large number of specimens from Ta-chien-lu,
Pu-tsu-fong, Wa-shan, Omei-shan, and Ni-tou : June and
July.

In one specimen from Ta-chien-lu the ground-colour is
tinged with fulvous ; this is similar to a form of 8. dubiosata
in the National collection.

Distribution. Western China ; North-east Thibet.

This species very strongly resembles 8. dubiosata, but the
male has a fringe of long hair on vein 1 of hind wing below.

Scotosia undulata.

Phal.-Geometra undulata, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 624 ; Clerck, Icon. pi. vi.

fig. 3.

Geometra undulata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 262.
Calocalpe undulata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 330 ; Meyrick, Trans

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 70.
Scotosia undulata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 449.

Some fine specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe; Altai; Amur; japan.

Scotosia marmoraria, sp. n.

Primaries fuliginous grey; basal area traversed by two
indistinct wavy whitish lines ; beyond the black discal spot
there is an irregular white patch connected with a macular
white band from the costa, outer marginal area limited by a
white wavy band, which is traversed by two sinuous dark
lines ; submarginal line represented by white dots expanding
into small blotches about middle and before outer angle.
Secondaries white, clouded with grey on the abdominal area ;
wavy central line and two patches on outer marginal area
fuliginous grey, the latter connected by indistinct sinuous
lines of the same colour. Fringes dark grey marked with
white. Under surface : primaries fuliginous, with white
central patch and outer band as above ; secondaries white,
with an interrupted grey central line and markings as above.
The underside of the body and legs ochreous, and the base of
all the wings and also abdominal area of secondaries are
tinged with the same colour.

Expanse 46-48 millim.

Four male specimens and two females from Omei-shan,

560 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Pu-tsu-fong, Wa-shan, Ni-tou, and Chang-yang : June and
July.

tlab. Central and Western China.

Scotosia latifasciaria.
Melanthia latifasciaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 56 (May 1891).

There were three specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's col-
lection. I have also received the species from Mr. Manley,
of Yokohama.

Hob. Japan.

Scotosia interruptaria, sp. n.

White, with black markings. Primaries have the basal
area black and divided into two portions by a transverse line
of the ground-colour, the outer portion is interrupted ; central
fascia indicated by the discal spot, connected with a cloud on
the costa, a spot on first median fork, and two short bars on
inner margin ; subrnarginal band represented by a spot on
costa and a smaller one on the nervules ; outer marginal
band divided by a transverse white line, the inner portion
interrupted. Secondaries have a discal spot, a short inter-
rupted band from middle of abdominal margin, a submarginal
band represented by dots between costa and second median
nervule, and a series of large spots on the outer margin.
Fringes black on primaries ; black and white on secondaries.
Under surface as above. Abdomen is marked with yellow.

Expanse 42 millim.

One male specimen from Ni-tou, and one from Pu-tsu-
fong : July.

Hob. Western China.

This species very strongly resembles the figure in Schrenck's
" Amurlande " of Zerene flavipedaria, M£n. (Lep. pi. v.
fig. 11.)

Scotosia seseraria.

Scotosia seseraria. Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 37, pi. v. fig. 71
(1893).

This species was discovered by R. P. Dejean at Ta-Tsien-
Lou. My collectors did not meet with it.
Hob. Western China.

Scotosia largeteauaria.
ria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom

Oberthiir records this species from Kouy-Tche'ou (Kwei

Eucosmia largeteauaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. vi. p. 19, pi. ix. fig. 8
(1881).

from China, Japan, and Corea. 561

chow) . I have received it from the same province, and also
from Pu-tsu-fong and Wa-shan : June and July.
Hob. Western China.

Genus PHIBALAPTERYX.

(Stephens ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 346 (1895).)

Phibalapteryx tersata.

Geometra tersata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 268.

Phibalapteryx tersata, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 256; Guen.

Phal. ii. p. 432.

Eucymatoge tersata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 68.
Phihalapteryx tetricata, Guen. /. c.

Several specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.

The Japanese examples of P. tersata more nearly approach
var. tetricata, Guen., than the type form, but they are not
quite identical with either.

Var. chinensis, nov.

Smaller than typical specimens and rather redder in colour ;
less striated with white, and the submarginal white line is
much obscured ; there is a dusky shade before the second
line of primaries and also one before the submarginal line,
the latter is connected with an oblique streak from apex.

Expanse 30 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang, August.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Amur; Japan; Central
China.

Phibalapteryx vitalbata.

Geometra vitalbata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 269.

Phibalapteryx vitalbata, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 256 ; Guen.

Phal. ii. p. 437.
Eucymatoge vitalbata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 68.

Specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
I received one example from Ta-chien-lu, taken in May
or June.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan ; Western China.

Phibalapteryx unibraria.

Scotosia umbraria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 53 (May 1891).
Superficially resembles Scotosia rhamnata, but it is larger
in size and has an oblique cloud-like central fascia most con-
spicuous in the male ; in the female the costal portion of the
outer edge of the fascia is more conspicuous.

562 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

I took one male specimen at Nagahama in July, and there
were three females from Gifu in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Phibalapteryx punctimarginaria.
Scotosia punctimarginaria, Leech, Entorn., Suppl. p. 53 (May 1891).

There were a few specimens from Yesso in Fryer's col-
lection. Mr. Smith captured a female example at Hakone
in August ; and I have received a female specimen from
Chang-yang, taken in July.

Hob. Japan ; Yesso ; Central China.

Phibalapteryx macularia^ sp. n.

Fale brown. Primaries blotched with dark brown on
costal area ; subbasal line double, enclosing the second
costal blotch ; beyond the fourth costal blotch there is a
double dark brown line, elbowed below costa, waved towards
inner margin, and followed by a brown spot between second
and third median nervules ,• submarginal line pale, inter-
secting the interrupted dark brown border of outer margin ;
discal spot black. Secondaries have some abbreviated brown
lines on basal area ; a double central line, followed by a
waved line, and an interrupted border on outer margin, the
latter intersected by pale submarginal line as on primaries.
Fringes pale brown, marked with darker and preceded by a
blackish line. Under surface pale brown suffused with
fuscous ; all the wings have a blackish discal dot and inter-
rupted central line ; the outer marginal area of primaries is
dusky, and the secondaries have a dusky submarginal band.

Expanse 38 millim.

One female specimen from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Phibalapteryx sparsata.

Geometra sparsata^ Hubn. Geom. pi. Ixxiv. fig. 398.

Collix (?) sparsata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 358.

Eucymatoge sparsata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 68.

There was a specimen from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe ; Japan.

Phibalapteryx flavovenata, sp, n.

Similar to P. sparsata, Hubn., but less irrorated with
black ; the pale transverse band is not so clearly defined and
is broadly bordered inwardly with blackish ; there is a black

from China, Japan, and Corea. 563

< -shaped mark just beyond the cell on each wing ; fringes
darker. Under surface of all the wings whitish; venation
broadly ochreous and the fringes black ; the discal dot and
transverse bands as in P. sparsata.

Expanse 25 millim.

One female specimen (minus head) from Ta-chien-lu, taken
in May or June.

Hob. Western China.

Genus EUSTROMA.

(Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 335 ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. 1892, p. 71.)

All the species here included in Eustroma have a pencil
of hair near inner margin on under surface of primaries ; in
some of them, however, the areole is simple, and these would
perhaps be more correctly placed in Plemyria. The species
might be arranged in sections as follows : —

1. Areole double.

a. Discocellulars of secondaries oblique ; vein 5 from the middle.

fractifasciaria. reticulata.

chrysoprasis. melancholica.

propriaria.

b. Discocellulars of secondaries angled ; vein 5 from below the middle.

pulchraria. convergenata,.

achatinellaria. ludomcaria.

Ledereri. exsecuta.

2. Areole simple.

a. Discocellulars oblique ; vein 5 from the middle.

delecta. Haberhauri.

b. Discocellulars angled ; vein 5 from below the middle.

junctilineata. miegata.

plurilineata. angularia.

Eustroma chrysoprasis.

Cidaria chrysoprasis, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 34, pi. i. fig. 2

(1884).

Cidaria reticulata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 662 (prseocc.).
Cidaria Jissisignis, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 87, pi. cxx. fig. 7

(1886) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 362 (1895).

Four specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in June or July.
Oberthiir's type was from Ta-tsien-lu.
Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson) ; Western China.

Eustroma fractifasciaria, sp. n.
Female. — Primaries pale brown, clouded and suffused with

564 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

darker, and marked with chocolate-brown as follows : — a
small patch at base, four spots on costa and an irregular-
shaped patch extending from cell to inner margin, this last is
connected with the fourth costal spot by a curved spot, and
together with the second and third costal spots appear to be
portions of a central fascia ; submarginal line whitish, waved ;
the margin beyond is tinged with fuscous. Secondaries
whity brown tinged with fuscous ; central line dusky, edged
with the ground-colour; submarginal line of the ground-
colour, waved. Under surface pale whity brown : basal area
of primaries suffused with blackish below the cell and irro-
rated with brownish above, limited by a pale-edged blackish
line ; submarginal line as above, but not so distinct : second-
aries irrorated with brownish, central transverse shade and
two waved lines beyond dusky. All the wings have a black
discal spot on both surfaces and a dark line.

Expanse, d 38, $ 40 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, and a female from
Ta-chien-lu : June.

I have described the female because it is in better condition
than the male, but the markings appear to be almost identical
in each.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to E. chrysoprasis, Oberth.

Eustroma propriaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries brown; basal patch darker, limited by a
wavy ochreous- brown line ; central fascia rather violet-
brown, contracted above inner margin, the edges of this
fascia are blackish, outlined in pale ochreous brown ; sub-
marginal line ochreous brown, indistinct, except towards
inner margin, where it is developed into a blotch. Secondaries
whitish, darker on basal half, which is limited by a dusky
transverse line ; discal spot oblong, reddish brown. Fringes
agree in colour with the wings, but are chequered with
blackish. Under surface pale brown, darker on apical area
of primaries; basal area of all the wings suffused with
blackish.

Expanse 38 millim.

One example of each sex from Pu-tsu-fong, and a male
specimen from Ta-chien-lu : July.

Hob. Western China.

The male of this species has a patch of rather long black
hairs on the middle of the submedian nervure on the under
surface of primaries, and also a woolly tuft about the middle
of abdominal margin of secondaries.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 565

In the male from Ta-chien-lu and the female from Pu-tsu-
fong the central fascia is only slightly angulated and not
interrupted below the middle. Possibly these specimens
may represent the more usual form of the species. I have,
however, described the Pu-tsu-fong male because it is in
much better condition than the others.

Eustroma reticulata.

Geometra reticulata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 308.

Eustroma reticulata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 335 ; Meyrick, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.

Lyyris reticulata, Graeser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 406.
Cidaria inextricata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxxv. p. 1691.
Cidaria arosa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 451 ; 111. Typ.

Lep. Het. iii. p. 58, pi. Iv. fig. 7.

I obtained specimens at Tsuruga and Gensan in July, and
my native collector at Hakodate in the same month. There
were specimens from Oiwake and Yesso in Pryer's collection,
and my collectors met with the species in most of the
localities in Western China, and also at Chang-yang.

Distribution. Europe; Ural; B.Siberia; Amur; Corea;
Japan ; Yesso ; Central and Western China ; Sikhim.

In China and Japan this species is generally represented
by cerosa, Butl., which is identical with inextricata, Walk.,
but I have typical specimens from Hakodate, Omei-shan,
and Chia-kow-ho.

Eustroma melancholica.

Cidaria melancholica, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 450 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 58, pi. Iv. fig. 6 (1879).

Five female specimens from Yokohama, Oiwake, Gifu, and
Yesso in Pryer's collection. I obtained an example of each
sex at Hakodate in August.

The variation in marking is very similar to that which
obtains in C. silaceata.

Only one specimen has been received by me from China.
This is a male, taken at Pu-tsu-fong in July; it ^ has the
ground-colour suffused with brown and the markings are
darker; the pencil of hair on underside is dark brown; mea-
sures 50 millim. in expanse, and in form agrees with the
insulata form of Cidaria silaceata.

I propose the name brunnearia for this form.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Corea ; Western China.

Eustroma delecta.

Cidaria delecta, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vi. p. 229 (1880) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. vi. p. 88, pi. cxx. fig. 8 (1886) ; Hampson, Fauna
Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 359 (1895).

566 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

One example from each of the following localities: —
Moupin, Omei-shan, and Chia-ting-fu : July.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Kha*sis (Hampsori) ; Western China.

Eustroma pulchraria, sp. n. f

Closely allied to E. pyropata, Hiibn., but the ground-
colour of primaries is much darker ; the basal area, including
chestnut band, is smaller ; the central fascia is wider and
all the markings are less angular. The ground-colour of
secondaries is whiter and the markings are darker and better
defined.

Expanse 40-42 millim.

Six male specimens from Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, Omei-
shan, and Che-tou : June and July.

Hob. Western China.

Eustroma achatinellaria.

Cidaria achatinellaria) Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 67, pi. iv. fig. 16

(1880).
Lygris achatinellaria, Graeser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 406.

I captured a male specimen in Shikotan, one of the Kurile
Islands, in August. OberthuYs type was from the Isle of
Askold.

Distribution. Amur ; Askold ; Kurile Islands.

Eustroma Ledereri.

Cidaria Ledereri, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 88, pi. vii. fig. 17 (1864).
Lygris Ledereri, Grgeser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 406.
Eustroma Ledereri, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.

Specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection. My
native collector obtained the species at Hakodate in June or
July.

Distribution. East Siberia; Amur; Japan; Yesso.

Eustroma convergenata.

Cidaria convergenata, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 88, pi. vii. fig. 18 (1864).
Lygris convergenata, Grseser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 406.
Eustroma convergenata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.

A series from Fujisan, Nikko, and Yesso in Fryer's
collection.

I obtained the species at Nemoro in Yesso, and in Shikotan,
one of the Kurile Islands, in August. My native collector
met with it at Hakodate.

Distribution. East Siberia ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso ; Kurile
Islands.

from China} Japan, and Corea. 567

Eustroma junctilineata.

Abraxas junctilineata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1123 (1862) j
Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 145.

A few specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I took the species in Satsuma in May and at Fusan in
June ; my native collector obtained examples in Kiushiu, and
I have received others from Kiukiang, and one example from
Ta-chien-lu.

Varies in the width of the black oblique lines on the basal
half of the wing, the fourth and fifth of these sometimes
coalesce and form a band. On the secondaries the discal
spot is often very large and conspicuous, and the central black
band broad and well defined.

The specimen from Ta-chien-lu differs from the type in
the lesser amount of black marking above the yellow patch
on outer margin of secondaries, and in the larger size of the
spots in that patch ; the discal spot is smaller and there is
no basal patch. On the under surface of secondaries the
central band is only represented by a patch on costa and a
spot towards abdominal margin.

Distribution. Japan ; Kiushiu; Corea; Western, Central,
and Eastern China. .

Eustroma ludovicaria.

Cidaria ludovicaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 57, pi. iv. fig. 3

(1880).

Lyyris tigrinata, Christ. Bull. Mosc. 1880, p. 64.
Lyyris ludovicaria, Graeser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 406.
Eustroma ludovicaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.

I received specimens from Chang-yang, Wa-shan, Chia-
kou-ho, Moupin, Omei-shan : June and July.

Oberthiir's type was from Askold.

Distribution. Askold ; Amur ; Central and Western
China.

Eustroma plurilineata.

Abraxas plurilineata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1123 (1862).

Four specimens taken by a native collector at Ningpo in
June.

Hob. North-eastern China.

Eustroma exsecuta.
Baptria exsecuta, Feld. Reis. Nov. v. pi. cxxxiii. fig. 15 (1875).

There were specimens of the type form from Oiwake in
Fryer's collection. I obtained typical examples at Gensan
in July, and Mr. Smith took some at Hakone in August.

568 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Var. latifasciaria, nov.

Smaller than the type.

All the wings have a broad white fascia ; that on second-
aries with an angular projection towards outer margin.

I took examples of this form at Hakodate in August, and
there was a specimen from Yesso in Fryer's collection.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; Corea.

E. exsecuta can always be easily distinguished from
Plemyria tibiale, Esp., which it greatly resembles, by the
fringes of the secondaries. These, in the former species, are
black, patched with white at outer angle and before anal
angle ; but in the latter they are entirely black.

Eustroma Hdberhauri.

Baptria Haberhaueri, Led. Wien. ent. Mon. 1864, p. 170, pi. iii-

figs. 9, 10 (May).

Plemyria Haberhaueri, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.
Odezia Kindermanni, Breni. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 89, pi. vii. fig. 19 (1864).
Polythrena Kindermanni, Grgeser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 404.

A long series in Fryers collection, many of the specimens
labelled Oiwake ; my collector obtained the species at Hako-
date in July, and I have received specimens from Ta-chien-lu
and Ghow-pin-sa, taken in June and July.

Distribution. Armenia; Amur; Japan; Yesso; Western
China.

The Japanese specimens are all of the Kindermanni form,
but they exhibit a good deal of variation in the white
marking, especially on the secondaries ; one specimen is
without a trace of the fascia on these wings. The specimens
from Western China are of the typical form, but there is less
black on basal third of the secondaries, and the wrhite
marking on primaries is broader. In the specimen from
Yesso all the white markings are very broad.

This species can be at once separated from E. exsecuta by
the chequered fringe.

Eustroma miegata.

Polythrena miegata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 314, pi. vii.
fig. 20, cJ (non20«, ?).

Female. — Rather paler than the male, and the abbreviated
fascia is broader.

Poujade only refers to the male of this species. The
insect he considered to be the female is a distinct species.

I received several male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, and
one female from Chia-ting-fu : all taken in June and July.
Poujade's type was from Moupin.

Hob. Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 5G9

Eustroma angulari.a , sp. n.
Polythrena miegata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Eiit. Fr. 1895, p. 314, pi. vii.

Male. — Bright yellow, marked with black. Primaries
have a basal patch finely marked with yellow ; an angulated
fascia separated from basal patch by a thin angulated yellow
line ; central fascia indicated by an elongated patch on costa
and roundish patch on inner margin ; outer marginal border
deeply indented about the middle. Secondaries have a tri-
angular patch on abdominal margin, streaked with yellow
and spotted with the same colour on its upper edge ; there
is a large spot at anal angle, and the outer margin is bordered
from middle to apex. Fringes black, marked with yellow
below apex and from middle to inner angle of primaries ; on
the secondaries they are yellow marked with black from.
middle to anal angle. Under surface similar to above, but
the black triangular patch on secondaries is only indicated by
some disconnected spots.

Female. — Rather larger, but colour and markings as in the
male.

Expanse, $ 30, ? 33 millim.

Several specimens of each sex from Omei-shan, Pu-tsu-
fong, Ni-tou, Moupin, Chia-ting-fu, Ta-chien-lu.

Sab. Western China.

Genus PLEMYRIA.

(Hiibn. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.)
Plemyria tibiale.

Noctua tibiale, Esp. Noct. pi. clxiv. fig. 2 (1790).
Minoa Eversmannaria, Herr.-Sch. Suppl. fig, 443.
Eustroma tibialis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.
Odezia tibiale, Grasser^ Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 404.
There were eight specimens in Fryer's collection ; two of
these were labelled Yesso and one Oiwake. My native
collector took one example at Hakodate in June, and I ob-
tained the species at Gensan in July.
Graeser records it from Amur land.
Distribution. Europe; Amur; Corea ; Japan; Yesso.
In some specimens the white bands are very broad on all
the wings. This species is without the pencil of hair on
under surface of primaries, and cannot therefore be referred
to Eustroma.

Plemyria hecate.
Melanippe hecate, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 448 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 55, pi. liv. fig. 12 (1879).
There was an extensive series from Oiwake in Fryer's
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 40

570 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

collection. My native collector obtained two specimens at
Hakodate in June ; these are smaller than any in Fryer's
series, and the central white band on secondaries and towards
costa of primaries is wider.
Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Plemyria Imstata^ Linn., chinensis^ nov. St •'«' , |fy. 1

Basal half of all the wings black, traversed by three or
four more or less interrupted wavy lines; outer margin
broadly bordered with black, intersected by a wavy inter-
rupted white line ; intervening space white, intersected by a
transverse series of black dots.

Sometimes the secondaries are free from white markings on
the black portions of the wing, and there are very few of
such markings on the primaries.

Expanse 36-38 millim.

A nice series from Pu-tsu-fong, Ta-chien-lu, Omei-shan :
May and June.

Hob. Western China.

Specimens of P. hastata from Amurland, in my collection,
agree well with European examples.

Plemyria lugens.

Melanippe lugens, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xi. p. 34, pi. ii. fig. 4

(1886), xviii. p. 38, pi. iii. fig. 38 (1893).
Cidaria lugens, Alph. Rom. sur L<§p. vi. p. 79 (1892).

My collectors in Western China obtained this species
during June and July in most of the localities that they
visited.

Alph^raky records a female specimen from the province of
Gan-Sou, taken in July.

Hob. Western China.

Plemyria rivata.

Geometra rivata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 409.
Plemyria rivata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.
Melanippe supergressa, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 55, pi. liv. fig. 11
(1879).

Several specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection. I obtained the species at Nagasaki in May, at
Gensan in June, and at Tsuruga, Hakodate, and Shikotan
in August. My native collector took examples at Gensan in
July. All are identical with European specimens.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Japan; Yesso; Corea.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 571

Plemyria parvularia.

Primaries white ; basal two thirds dark grey, outer mar-
ginal border grey, traversed by a rather wavy white line ;
there is a black cuneiform mark above the middle of outer
margin and a whitish ring just below it ; the outer edge of
the basal two thirds is obtusely angled above the middle.
Secondaries fuscous grey, darker on basal half, and with
a pale central band ; submarginal line indistinct. Fringes
grey. Under surface ochreous brown; basal area of pri-
maries fuscous, and the outer marginal area is suffused with
the same colour ; the secondaries have some fuscous lines
and a central band.

Expanse 25 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hab. Western China.

Allied to P. galiata, Hiibn.

Plemyria fatuaria, sp. n.

Primaries white with brownish markings; basal patch
with the outer edge almost straight ; central fascia with the
inner edge ill-defined and the outer indented ; the outer mar-
ginal area has a cloud at apex, one just above the middle,
and a smaller one at angle, each is intersected by the white
wavy submarginal line, which is edged with brownish
between the clouds ; the space of ground-colour beyond
central fascia is traversed by an interrupted dusky line ;
discal spot black, placed on inner edge of central fascia ;
fringes white, chequered with brownish. Secondaries fuscous
grey, with indications of a paler band beyond the middle ;
submarginal line wavy, whitish ; fringes white, marked with
fuscous grey. Under surface fuscous grey, with an obscure
darker angulated line beyond the middle, followed by a
faintly paler band : secondaries whitish, irrorated with fus-
cous ; two fuscous bands on central area, the outermost with
an angular expansion below the middle enclosing a patch of
the ground-colour ; submarginal band fuscous.

Expanse 20 millim.

Four specimens from Chang-yang, July.

Hab. Central China.

Plemy ria b ico lo ra ta .

Phalana licolorata, Hufn. Berl. Mag. iv. 608 (1769).

Geometra rubiginata, Hubu. Geom. tig. 250.

Plemyria bicolorata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.

There were a few specimens from Yesso in Pryer's col-
lection, and I took two or three at Nemoro and Hakodate in
August.

572 On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China <$cc.

Japanese examples are larger but do not otherwise differ
from European specimens.

Distribution. Europe ; E.Siberia; Amur; Japan; Yesso.

Plemyria castaria^ sp. n.

Primaries creamy white ; basal half traversed by three
black wavy lines commencing as spots on the costa ; outer
margin bordered with black, but before this there is a black
dash on costa from which a double black sinuous line pro-
ceeds to inner margin, a black cloud about the middle of this
line unites it with the border; discal spot black. Secondaries
white, a narrow black band on outer margin shaded inwardly
with grey. Fringes : of primaries black with some pale dots
at their base ; of secondaries dark grey, becoming white
towards outer angle and on outer margin, spotted as on pri-
maries. Under surface very similar to above, but the
secondaries have a black discal spot and indications of a
central band ; the submarginal band is clearer and there is
no cloud connecting it with the marginal border. Antennae
serrated in the male.

Expanse 28 millim.

Six male specimens from Moupin, Ni-tou, Pu-tsu-fong :
July.

Hob. Western China.

Plemyria Jcezonmetaria.

Melanippe kezonmetaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 38, pi. iv.
fig. 48 (1893).

I received a nice series from Ta-chien-lu and one male
specimen from Wa-ssu-kow, taken by my native collectors
in May and June.

Hab. Western China.

The antennae of the male are shortly bipectinate; apex
simple. Perhaps this species would be more properly placed
in AsapJwdeSj Meyr.

Plemyria ouanguemetaria.

Melanippe ouanguemetaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 38, pi. iv.
fig. 52 (1893).

My collectors met with this species at Ta-chien-lu and
Wa-ssu-kow, and at How-kow : June and July.
Hob. Western China and Thibet.
Antennas in the male bipectinated ; apex simple.

On the Ochre-footed Scrub- Squirrels of East Africa. 573

Plemyria bellaria, sp. n.

White, with black markings. Primaries have bands
on basal area, broadest on costa ; central band indicated by
a hook-shaped mark on the costa and some dots on inner
margin; a broad border on outer marginal area, tapering
towards inner margin, enclosing three white spots, one on
costa, one about the middle, and one towards inner margin.
Secondaries have a slender central band from abdominal
margin to middle of the wing, and a border on outer margin ;
the latter encloses two white spots, one in the middle, and
one at anal angle, and a minute dot above the middle spot.
Fringes black and white. Under surface as above. Antennas
bipectinated, the shaft black ringed with white, and the
pectinations rather widely apart.

Expanse 25 millim.

Four male specimens : Ichang, April ; Ta-chien-lu, Ni-tou,
May and July.

flab. Central and Western China.

[To be continued.]

LVI. — The Ochre-footed Scrub- Squirrels of East Africa.
By W. E. DE WINTON.

THERE appears to be great confusion among naturalists as to
the specific determination of the most common small squirrels
of East Africa. Dr. F. A. Jentink, when looking over the
specimens in the British Museum previous to writing his
most excellent " Monograph of the African Squirrels,"
published in ' Notes from the Leyden Museum,7 vol. iv. p. I
(1882), noticed that the specimens from East Africa were
distinct from the South-African species, Sciurus Cepapi,
A. Sm.; unfortunately he never described the forms, but
includes under S. Cepapi (t. c. p. 26) all the small unstriped
squirrels from South and East Africa.

Naturalists have continued to record specimens from East
Africa under the latter name, although Dr. Huet (Nouv. Arch.
Mus. iii. ser. 2, p. 154, pi. vii. fig. 2, 1880) described the
form from Bagomoyo as a distinct species, giving it the name
of S. ochraceus. Dr. Pagenstecher (Bericht Naturh. Mus.
Hamburg, 1885, p. 42) described a form from the Pangani
Eiver and Mount Meru under the name of S. Cepapi arus-
censis, at the same time stating that its affinities lie with
S. Cepapi j S. multicolor , and S. Aubryi=S. rufobrachiatus ;
such a generalized form should surely be worthy of more than

574 On the Ochre-footed Scrub- Squirrels of East Africa.

subspecific rank, as the three species named are such very
widely separated forms inter se. Dr. Matschie (SB. Ges. nat.
Freund. 1894, p. 256) disregards these two species entirely,
giving the former name as a synonym of S. Cepapi, and
describes a specimen as 8. Pauli from a living animal sent
home from Tanga and the skin of a very young individual
from the same neighbourhood.

S. Cepapi, a larger and stronger animal, only occurs south
of the Zambesi River ; northward in Mozambique the bright-
coloured striped squirrel S. flavivittis is found j north of the
Rufigi River the faintly striped 8. ochraceus occurs at Dar-es-
Salaam, Bagomoyo, and in Usagara. The side stripe of
this latter species, which at all times is very faint, varies
much in distinctness, as is well shown in the series in our
Museum ; in some specimens it is scarcely perceptible and
would, in all probability, be overlooked unless expected.
The forms from Pangani and Tanga, agreeing with the last-
named in having a dull greenish-white belly, have been
described as stated above, and if, as I suppose, 8. aruscensis
belongs to this group, it is difficult to see how S. Pauli can
be made out distinct, if, indeed, either are separable from
8. ochraceus.

About Mombasa and inland as far as 6000 feet on Kilima-
njaro, and northward in the coast region, we find the orange-
bellied form which has lately been described by Mr. S. Rhoads
(Proc. Ac. Philad. 1896, p. 522) as /S'. ganana. In the high-
lands of Kikuyu we find yet another form, very dark in
colouring and rather larger than its allies ; this species I
have pleasure in naming S. Jacksoni, after the distinguished
explorer, Mr. F. J. Jackson, who presented the specimens
to the Museum and has done so much in adding to our know-
ledge of the fauna of East Africa in several branches of
zoology. I think there can be little doubt that the squirrel
mentioned by Mr. Rhoads (t. c. p. 521) from Marsabit, an
eastern offshoot of Mount Kenia, is of this species.

Sciurus JacJcsonij sp. n.

General colour dark olive-green, slightly washed with
brown ; the face, rump, upper arms, and legs with a rather
stronger brown tint ; the feet and hands more or less grizzled
rufous orange or rust-coloured ; a broad buff stripe above and
below the eyes • cheeks and ears grizzled of the general
body-colouring ; on the sides the dark colouring of the upper
parts gradually passes into that of the paler underparts, the
centre line of the chin, throat, and belly and the inner sides of

new Molluscafrom South Africa. 639

whorled, canaliculate at the sutures, the upper disk rounded,
the lower planate, deeply excavate ; the lamellar segments
clearly perceived radiating round the umbilicus ; the shell is
obtuse-angled at the periphery ; the mouth is obliquely
obtuse-triangular, lip simple.

Four specimens.

We have taken the largest specimen as the type.

Assiminea tyttha *, sp. n. (PI. XVII. fig. 11.)

A. testa minuta, cornea, fere laevi, globoso-conica, solidiuscula ;
anfractibus quatuor, apicali obtuse, caeteris ventricosis, longitu-
dinaliter indistincte striatulis, ultimo rapide accrescente, caeteris
conjunctim magnitudine superante ; apertura subrotunda ; peri-
stomate rotundo, siraplici ; columella obliqua, crassiuscula ; oper-
culo rubro, littoriniformi, normali.

Long. 1-50, lat. 1 mm.

Bab. Howick, near Pietermaritzburg, "on the under
surface of the leaves of a sage-like shrub " (Mr. Burnup).

A few specimens of a very small Assimirtea, bearing some
likeness to A. litorina, Delle Chiaje, a native of British and
South -European shores. The shell is bright horny, almost
smooth, being indistinctly longitudinally striate, rather solid,
four- whorled, the apical whorl obtuse, the rest tumid, the
last whorl much larger than all the rest together; mouth
almost round, outer lip round, simple ; columella oblique,
thickened ; operculum normal.

* TVT06s, small.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

Fig. 1. Ennea Cairnsi.

Fig. 2. Burnupi.

Fig. 3. Pupa (Faula) pereximia.
Fig. 4. Hapalus catarractce.
Fig. 5. Trachycystis teretiuscula.
Fig. 6. Achatina Livingstonei.

Fig. 7. drakensbergensis.

Fig. 8. Buliminus (Pachnodus) carinifer.
Fig. 9. Subulina tugelensis.
Fig. 10. Planorbis (Segmentind) planodiscus.
Fig. 11. Assiminea tyttha.

640 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

LXIX. — On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and
Corea. By JOHN HENRY LEECH, B. A., F.L.S , F.Z.S., &c.
— Part II. Family Geometridae; Subfamilies (Enochromina3,
Orthostixinse, Larentiinae, Acidaliinse, and Geometrinae.

[Continued from p. 573.]

Genus ClDARlA.
(Treit. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 349 (1895).)

Cidaria luctuosaria.

Melanippe luctuosaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Eutom. v. p. 53, pi. iv. fig1. 13

(1880).
Cidaria luctuosaria, Grseser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 410.

There was a fine series from Oivvake in Fryer's collection.
Oberthiir described this species from the Isle of Askold,
and Grseser records it from Amurland.
Distribution. Askold; Amur; Japan.

Cidaria cineraria.

Cidaria cineraria, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 451 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 58, pi. Iv. fig. 8 (1879).

There were some specimens from Oiwake and Yesso in
Fryer's collection, and I have received others taken by a
native collector at Hakodate : June and July.

This is probably a local form of C. unangulata. Haw.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Cidaria picata.

Geometra picata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 134.

Cidaria picata, Treit. Schmett. vi. 2, 193; Guen. Phal. ii. p. 461.

Hydriomena picata, 'Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 72.

Occurs at Chang-yang, Ta-chien-lu, Chia-ting-fu, Che-tou,
and Omei-shan in June and July.

The specimens show variation in the width of the lines
forming the central band and also in the width of the white
border of the band ; in a large proportion of them the second-
aries are devoid of marking on the upper surface.

The examples from Central China are rather smaller than
the majority of those from the west, and appear to be more
constant in always having the band composed of broad and
often confluent lines.

Distribution. Europe ; Ural ; Central and Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 641

Cidaria varieyata.

Larentia variegata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 653.
Cidaria variegata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 353
(1895).

One female specimen from Chia-kou-ho, taken in July.
Distribution. Sikhim ( Hampson } ; Kashmir ; Kulu ;
Western China.

Cidaria corylata.

Geometra corylata, Thunb. Ins. Suec. iv. p. 61, pi. iv. fig. 11 (1792).
Hydriomena corylata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.
Cidaria fabrefactaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 56, pi. iv. fig. 15

There were specimens from Oiwake, Yesso, Nikko, and
Ohoyama in Fryer's collection. Graeser records the species
from Amurland, and Oberthiir, under the name/a£re/actana,
from the Isle of Askold.

Distribution. Europe; Ural; Amur; Japan; Askold.

Cidaria aurata.

Cidaria aurata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 664 ; Hampson,

Fauna Brit. Ind.; Moths, iii, p. 355 (1895).
Cidaria corylata, var. tsermosaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 39,

pi. iii. fig. 43 (1893).

One specimen in Fryer's collection.

Hampson considers Cidaria corylata, var. tsermosaria,
Oberth., from Moupin, to be synonymous with C. aurata,
Moore, which occurs throughout the Himalayas.

Distribution. Murree ; Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Bhutan ;
Tibet ; Kha"sis (Hampson) ; Kulu ; Japan.

Cidaria fulgidaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries yellowish ; basal patch dark brown, its
external edge angulated and bounded by a silvery- white line;
central fascia broad on costa, much narrower on inner
margin, both edges are bounded by wavy silvery-white lines,
the external one deeply indented below the costa, and the
internal one indented at the middle; the brownish outer
marginal area is traversed by a serrated silvery- white line,
and interrupted by an oblique streak of the ground-colour at
apex, there is a smaller spot of the ground-colour on the
middle of the outer margin. Secondaries greyish, basal and
outer marginal areas darker, the former is limited by a wavy
dusky line, and the latter is inwardly bordered by a pale
macular band ; discal spot blackish. Fringes of primaries

642 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

brown marked with yellow, those of secondaries are yellow
marked with brown. Under surface : primaries yellowish, with
the markings of upper surface faintly reproduced ; second-
aries yellowish dusted with brown and silvery- white scales,
and traversed by wavy silvery-white edged brown bands ;
submarginal line macular, silvery white ; fringes yellowish,
chequered with brown.

Female. — Primaries as in the male, but the secondaries are
white and without marking; fringes of these wings not
marked with brown.

Expanse 32 mil Km.

Three male specimens and one female from Pu-tsu-fong,
June.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to C. corylata, Thunb.

Cidaria albipunctaria, sp. n.

Primaries ochreous brown ; basal patch and central fascia
blackish brown, both are narrowly edged with white, the
former is deeply indented in the middle of its outer edge, the
latter has a double-toothed projection on its outer edge and
is contracted below the costa and again above inner margin ;
on the outer marginal area there is a blackish -brown patch
below the apex interrupted by a white blotch ; submarginal
line white and wavy, followed on the costa by a white blotch
extending to the apex, and at outer angle by some white
spots ; the costal portion of the white outer edging of cen-
tral fascia is diffuse, and the costal portion of the fascia
contains a pale brown blotch, which is preceded and followed
by a short white line. Secondaries whitish, greyish on outer
margin, with faint indications of greyish central spot and
two transverse lines. Fringes yellowish. Under surface :
basal two thirds of primaries dusky, the outer edge corre-
sponding with that of central fascia above, and intersected
by two pale subbasal lines, the spaces between these lines
being rather brownish ; outer third is whitish, with a dark
greyish patch on outer margin below apex, preceded by a
brownish transverse cloud ; secondaries whitish, powdered
with brownish, and traversed by two brown lines, the discal
spot is dark brown.

Expanse 34 millim.

Two male specimens, one from Ta-chien-lu; and the other
from Pu-tsu-fong : June.

Hob. Western China.

This species is very closely allied to C. corylata^ Thunb.,

from China, Japan, and Corea. 643

but it is a much brighter-looking insect, and is further dis-
tinguished by the conspicuous white blotch on outer margin,
together with the different contour of the central fascia.

Cidaria chimaJcaleparia.

Larentia chimakaleparia, Oberth. Etud. d'Entoin. xviii. p. 37, pi. iii.
fig. 33 (1893).

One specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in June. Ober-
thiir's type was from Ta-chien-lu.
Hob. Western China,

Cidaria ochracearia, sp. n.

Closely allied to C. fulvata, Forst., but at once distin-
guished by its ochraceous secondaries, which have the fringes
chequered with brown. The colour of the primaries is also
deeper, and the edges of the central fascia, although angled
outwardly and indented inwardly as in C. fulvata, are not
waved. The under surface is entirely ochraceous, with
slightly darker central markings on all the wings.

Expanse 26-29 millim.

Several specimens from Ta-chien-lu, Moupin, and Ornei-
shan : June and July.

Hab. Western China.

Fulvata, Forst., is placed by Meyrick in Hydriomenaj Hubn.
(Trans. Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 72).

Cidaria albicillata.

Phal. Geometra albicillata, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 527; Clerck, Icon. i.

pi. i. fig. 12.
Melanthia albicillata, Dup. Lep. viii. pi. clxxxviii. fig. 4 ; Guen. Pbal.

ii. p. 382.

Hydriomena albicillata^ Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.
Melanthia casta, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pi. liv. fig. 8.

There were specimens from Oiwake and Yesso in Fryer's
collection, and my native collector captured the species at
Hakodate in July.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Amur; Japan; Yesso.

Except that they are generally rather larger, there is no
important difference between Japanese examples ( casta,
Butl.) and European specimens of this species. The discal
spots are a trifle larger, and the marginal border of secondaries
is uninterrupted.

Cidaria yokohamce*

Melanthia yokohamce, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 422.
Cidaria rogenhoferi, Grader, Beii. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 419.

There was a specimen from Yokohama in Fryer's col-

644 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

lection, and I took one example at Gensan in July. Butler's
type was from Yokohama and Grseser records it from Rad-
defka.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Amur.

Butler states that this insect is closly allied to "M." rufi-
cillataj but it appears to be nearer to C. cuculata, Hufn., and
may possibly be an Eastern Asian form of that species.

Cidaria obscura.

Cidaria obscura, Bull. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 450 (1878) ; 111.
Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 67, pi. Iv. fig. 5 (1879).

There was one example in poor condition in Fryer's col-
lection. I received a specimen from Mr. Manley taken at
Yokohama, and my collectors in Western China took one
at Moupin in July.

Distribution. Japan ; Western China.

As Moore described a Cidaria obscurata in 1867, it would
be better perhaps to rename this species Butleri.

Cidaria latifasciaria, sp. n.

Primaries dingy purplish grey ; small basal patch and
broad central fascia brown, the former is outwardly limited
by two blackish lines enclosing a brown band, and the
latter has both edges darker than the median portion, and is
limited on each side by a wavy blackish line, the outer one
broadest towards costa, and the inner one broadest about the
middle ; there is a short blackish apical streak. Secondaries
fuscous grey, darker towards outer margin. Fringes dark
grey. Under surface fuscous brown ; the secondaries have
traces of a darker transverse line beyond the middle.

Expanse 42 millim.

One female specimen from Wa-shan, May.

Hab. Western China.

Cidaria procellata.

Phalana procellata, Fabr. Mant. Ins. 185.

Geometra procellata) Hiibn. Geom. fig. 251.

Melanippe procellata, Dup. Lep. viii. pi. clxxxviii. fig. 3; Guen. Plial.

ii. p. 303.

Hydriome'na procellata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend. 1892, p. 73.
Melanippe inquinata, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pi. liv. fig. 9.

There was a nice series from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.

I captured specimens in Satsuma in May, at Gensan in
June, and at Tsuruga in August. Other Japanese localities
are Yokohama (Jonas) and Hakodate (Whitely). I have

from China j Japan, and Corea* 645

received the species from Kiukiang, and from several
localities in Western China.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Amur; Corea; Japan;
Yesso ; Central and Western China.

In my series of this species from China, Japan, and Corea
there are specimens which exactly agree with typical pro-
cellata; others are identical with inquinata, Butl. ; and others,
again, are almost unicolorous fuliginous brown. All these
forms are connected by intergrades.

Cidaria postalbaria, sp. n.

Primaries fuscous brown ; basal patch and central fascia
darker, the latter intersected by a pale line ; the basal patch
is outwardly and the fascia inwardly bordered by a pale line ;
outer margin suffused with dusky ; submarginal line indi-
cated by a white spot about the middle, one towards apex
and a pale mark at outer angle. Secondaries white, suffused
with smoky on the abdominal area, and with some black
clouding about anal angle. Under surface fuscous grey on
primaries, whiter on secondaries; there is a pale band beyond
the middle on all the wings, this is clearly defined on its
inner edge by a blackish line, which is elbowed about the
middle of its length on primaries, and is crenulate on second-
aries, the outer edge is diffuse ; submarginal line of primaries
represented by whitish dots, the largest about the middle.
Fringes : of primaries agree with the ground-colour ; of
secondaries greyish marked with smoky grey.

Expanse 34-40 millim.

Several specimens, including both sexes, from Pu-tsu-fong,
Omei-shan, Chia-kou-ho, and one female from Chang-yang :
July.

Bab. Central and Western China.

Cidaria silaceata.

Geometra silaceata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 477.

Hydriomemt silaceata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.

Cidaria umbrosaria, Motsch. Etud. d'Entom. 1864, p. 36.

There were some specimens from Yokohama in Pryer's
collection, and my native collector obtained the species in the
island of Kiushiu.

Several examples, including both sexes, were received from
Chang-yang; these were taken in July, and range from
26-34 millim in expanse. The species also occurred at Ta-
chien-lu, Omei-shan, Chia-ting-fu, Chia-kou-ho, Pu-tsu-fong,
and How-kow in July; the largest of these specimens

646 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

measures 38 millim., and the smallest 30 millim. in expanse.
The How-kow examples are of the typical form as regards
the primaries, but the secondaries are almost devoid of
marking.

Var. anyustaria, nov.

All the wings are narrower than in the type, and heavily
suffused with fuliginous on both surfaces ; the white trans-
verse lines of primaries are very clearly defined.

One example of each sex from Pu-tsu-fong.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan ; Kiushiu ; Central
and Western China.

Cidaria capitata.

Larentia capitata, Herr.-Sch. Deutsch. Ins. 165, pi. iii.
Hydriomena capitata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.
Cidaria Mariesii, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 424.
Cidaria Pryeri, Butl. 1. c. p. 425.

Several examples from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection. I took the species at Hakodate in August.
Butler gives Nikko and Tokio also as localities.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan j Yesso.

Cidaria fervidaria^ sp. n.

Male. — Primaries brown ; basal patch and central fascia
darker, both edged with ochreous, especially on the costal
area; the fascia is deeply indented about the middle of
its inner edge and elbowed on its outer edge ; the reddish-
brown median nervules, where they cross the fascia, are
powdered with ochreous ; submarginal line pale brown, inter-
secting some dark brown marks in the nervular interspaces ;
there is an oblique ochreous streak from apex. Secondaries
orange-brown ; basal and outer marginal areas clouded with
darker. Fringes brownish on primaries ; orange-yellow
chequered with brownish on secondaries. Under surface
fuscous brown, with a broad orange-yellow fascia beyond the
middle, between this and the outer margin there is a short
oblique series of orange-yellow dots, terminating in a patch
of the same colour on the middle of the margin ; secondaries
orange-yellow, thickly sprinkled with brown, and traversed
by darker central and submarginal bands.

Female. — Differs from the male in the paler colour of second-
aries and the more distinct transverse markings on those
wings ; under surface orange-yellow, with conspicuous inter-
rupted basal central and submarginal brown bands.

Expanse 32-36 millim.

from China , Japan , a/i£? Corva. 647

One male specimen from Moupin and one from Omei-shan,
one example of each sex from Chang-yang ; these last are
smaller than the other specimens.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Cidaria subochraria, sp. n.

Primaries grey-brown, basal area clouded with darker;
margins of central fascia dark brown, the inner edge of fascia
indented, the outer elbowed ; there are some dark clouds on
outer marginal area, and the submarginal line, commencing
as a pale dash from costa, is continued to inner margin as a
series of dark internervular spots ; there is also a short
whitish dash from the apex. Secondaries ochreous brown,
smoky on basal half. Fringes agree with the wings, pre-
ceded on the secondaries by a dark line. Under surface of
primaries dark smoky grey, suffused on the costa with
ochreous, and more strongly on the apical portion of outer
marginal area, the latter being limited by a blackish band :
secondaries are ochreous, powdered with smoky grey, and
have a black discal dot and a blackish central band.

Expanse 36-38 millim.

Eight male specimens from Omei-shan, June.

Hob. Western China.

The central fascia is sometimes contracted below the
middle, and in some specimens only the costal half is clearly
defined. In some examples the secondaries are entirely
smoky brown, with an ochreous tinge on outer marginal area.

Allied to Cidaria (Eustroma) monana, Swinh.

^ Cidaria oblongata.

Cidaria oblongata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxv. p. 1402 (1862).
Cidaria decurrens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 276.

Specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I took the species in Satsuma in May and at Tsuruga in
June. My native collector took it in the island of Kiushiu,
and I have received specimens from Ichang and the province
of Kwei-chow.

Distribution. Khasis ; Nynee-Tal ( Hampson ) ; Japan ;
Central and Western China.

Cidaria mactata.

Cidaria mactata} Feld. Reise Nov. pi. cxxxii. fig. 38 (1875).
Specimens in Fryer's collection from Ohoyama and Nikko.
1 took the species in Hakodate, and have received it from

648 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Kiushiu, Gensan, Kiukiang, Moupin, and Wa-shan. It
occurs in June and July.

Distribution. Amur; Japan; Yesso; Kiushiu; Corea;
Central and Western China.

Cidaria literataria, sp. n.

Primaries pale greyish brown ; subbasal band and central
fascia chocolate-brown, the former contracted towards costa,
the latter attenuated towards inner margin and containing an
irregular patch of the ground-colour in the costal portion,
below this the fascia is intersected by the pale median ner-
vure; there are some chocolate-brown spots on costa, at the
base of the wing, between fascia and subbasal band, and on
apical area ; the latter comprises a connected series of three
and an apical dash ; all the brown markings are outlined in
whitish brown. Secondaries greyish white, with blackish
discal dot. Under surface pale fuscous ; secondaries and
apical area of primaries irrorated with darker.

Expanse 38 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Hob. Western China.

The markings of this species somewhat resemble those of
Eustroma cervinariaj Moore.

Cidaria metaria.

Cidaria metaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 39. pi. iv. fig. 54
(1893).

Oberthiir's type was from TH-Tsien -Lou. My collectors
did not meet with the species.
Hob. Western China.

Cidaria azonaria.

Somatina azonaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 32, pi. iv. fig. 50
(1893).

This species occurred in most of the localities in Western
China that my collectors visited : June and July.
Hab. Western China.

Cidaria niphonica.

Eubolia niphonica, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 452 (1878) :

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 59, pi. Iv. fig. 11 (1879).
Cidaria niphonica. Hampson. Fauna Brit. Ind.. Moths, iii. p. 357

(1895).

Cidaria suavata, Christ. Bull. Mosc. 1880, p. 69.
Hydriomena niphonica, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.
Cidaria (niphonica, Butl., var, ?) ignorata, Staud. Iris. viii. p. 336

(1896).

from China, Japan, and Corea. 649

There were specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
I obtained the species at Gensan in July.

Staudinger records var. ignorata from North-east Thibet.
Captain Young took specimens in Kulu, North-west Hima-
layas.

Distribution. Simla ; Dharmsdla ; Sikhim ( Hampson ) ;
Kulu; Japan; N.E.Thibet.

Cidaria polygrammata.

Geometra polygrammata. Bork. Eur. Schmett. v. 560; Hiibn. Geom.

fig. 277.
Phibalapteryx polygrammata, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 256 ;

Guen. Phal. ii. p. 436.
llydriomena polygrammata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892,

p. 73.

One specimen taken by myself in July at Nagahama.
Distribution. Europe; Amur; Japan.

Cidaria fumataria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries brownish grey ; basal patch and central
fascia blackish, the inner edge of the latter is nearly straight
and the outer edge has an obtuse projection above the middle,
the median area of this fascia is pale and encloses a black
discal spot; submarginal line whitish, shaded inwardly,
especially towards costa, with dusky. Secondaries smoky
grey, with a small black discal spot and faint indications of
a pale central band. Fringes concolorous with the wings.
Under surface smoky grey, basal two thirds of all the wings
rather darker.

Female similar to the male, but the ground-colour is darker
grey and the whitish submarginal line is clearer.

Expanse 22-24 millim.

Six male specimens and two females from Chang-yang,
July and August.

Hab. Central China.

This species resembles Plemyria galiata, Hubn., in style of
marking, but the ground-colour is very different.

Cidaria bipartariay sp. n.

Primaries have the basal third olivaceous green, limited
by an outwardly oblique black line ; the rest of the wing is
blackish with a grey tint ; there is a greenish spot on costa,
and, preceding it, two blackish lines, the outer one undulated
and waved, edged internally with whitish. Secondaries dark

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 45

650 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

fuscous grey. Under surface fuscous, slightly paler on outer
marginal area of all the wings.

Expanse 24 millim.

One female specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Cidaria fasciaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries dark grey, with two white bands, the
first has an angular projection in its outer edge below costa
and a small black cloud on inner margin; the second is
biangulate, and transversely intersected by a dusky line ;
the central and outer marginal areas traversed by wavy white
lines, and there is a white cloud-like spot at apex and a
similar one about the middle. Secondaries fuliginous grey,
with a paler central band ; all the wings have a black discal
spot. Fringes grey, marked with darker. Under surface of
primaries fuliginous, traversed by two blackish lines and a
pale band ; there is a white spot on middle of outer margin :
secondaries powdered with greyish on basal area and on outer
margin, and traversed by a greyish curved band.

Female similar to the male, but the colour is greyish brown
tinged with olivaceous at base and on middle of costa.

Expanse, cf 23, £ 25 millim.

Two male specimens and one female from Oinei-shan, a
female from Moupin, two from Ichang, and one from Chang-
yang : June and July.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Cidaria parvaria.
Boarmia parvaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 52 (May 1891).

Two male specimens, probably from Yokohama, in Pryer's
collection.
Hob. Japan.

Cidaria undulata.

Melanippe (?) undulata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 147,
pi. ix. fig. 15.

One example of each sex from Kiukiang and a female
specimen from Ichang, June and July. There is a specimen
labelled " Chekiang " in the National Collection at South
Kensington.

Hab. Central China.

Cidaria complicata.

Cidaria complicata. Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 57. pi. Iv. fig. 4
(1879).

from China, Japan, and Corea. 651

Two specimens taken by native collector at Gensan.
Butler's type was from Yokohama.
Hob. Japan and Corea.

Cidaria erectaria, sp. n.

Whitish, suffused with grey. Primaries have a brownish
basal patch and central fascia, the first is limited by a
slightly curved white line, the second is outwardly angled,
edged with white, and is preceded by a conspicuous black
spot ringed with white ; between the basal patch and central
fascia there is an upright blackish bar extending from inner
margin to subcostal nervure, and a spot of the same colour
on costa ; beyond the fascia there are three fine angulated and
wavy brownish lines and a broader white one ; the apical fourth
of costa is marked with blackish, and there is a smaller spot
of the same colour on outer margin just below apex ; an
interrupted brownish band runs from the apical mark to
inner margin. Secondaries have the basal half suffused with
brownish grey, and the outer half traversed by three fine
wavy and angulated lines and a brownish-grey band, but
these do not reach the costa. Fringes whitish, chequered
with grey, and preceded by a blackish line. Under surface
whitish suffused with grey ; transverse lines as above ; all
the wings have a blackish discal dot outlined with whitish.

Expanse 21-25 millira.

Four specimens taken by myself, and three by my native
collector, at Hakodate in August.

Hob. Yesso.

Cidaria flu v iata.

Geometrajlicmata, Iliibn. Geom. figs. 280, 281, $ .

Geometra gemmata, Iliibn. op. cit. tig. 283, $ .

Cidaria Jluviata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 363.

Hydriomenafluviata, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Load. 1892, p. 73.

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

1 obtained examples of this species at Foochow in April,
in Satsuma in May, at Gensan in July, and at Nikko in
September, and have received a female example from Pu-
tsu-fong, taken in June and July.

Distribution. Nearctic region; Chili; Palsearctic region;
throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma (Hampson) ; Japan ;
Corea ; Eastern and Western China.

Cidaria pomosriaria.

Cidaria pomceriaria, Eversm. Faun. Volg.-Ural. p. 417 (1844).
Curemia pomceriaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 415.
Xarthorhoe pomoeriaria, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 77.

Specimens from Yesso in Pryer's collection; these have

45*

652 Mr. J. H. Leecli on Lepidoptera ffeterocera

the outer edge of the central fascia less angulated than in
typical examples.

Distribution. Europe ; Altai ; Eastern Siberia ; Amur ;
Yesso.

Cidaria saturata.

Cidaria saturata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 269 (1857) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit.

Ind., Moths, iii. p. 362 (1895).

Larentia exliturata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1195 (1862).
Larentia granitalis, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 426 ; 111. Typ. Lep.

Het. vii. p. 114, pi. cxxxvii. fig. 8.
Coremia livida, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 449 ; 111. Typ.

Lep. Het. iii. p. 56, pi. Iv. fig. 2 (1879).
Larentia inamoena, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 444 (1879).

There were specimens in Fryer's collection from Yoko-
hama. I captured the species at Nagasaki in June, and have
received it from Wa-shan, Moupin, Chang-yang, and Pu-
tsu-fong.

Distribution. Natal; N.W.Himalayas; Khasis ; Nilgiris
(Hampson) ; Japan ; Kiushiu ; Central and Western China.

A very variable species. Among the specimens com-
prised in my series are examples which agree with the type
of livida, Butl., others with that of inamwna, Butl. ; others
again represent granitalis , Butl., whilst among the inter-
grades are examples which do not appear to be separable
from Dharmsala specimens of exliturata. Walk., in the
National Collection at South Kensington.

Cidaria angularia, sp. n.

Similar in size, colour, and markings to C. unidentaria from
Europe, but the inner edge of the central fascia on primaries
is rather straighter, and on the outer edge the projection
above the middle is not indented ; the pale band following
the fascia is better defined and the line traversing it is less
wavy than the same character in G. unidentaria ; the outer
marginal area beyond the pale band is dusky. Antenna3
serrate-fasciculate.

One male specimen and two females from Oiwake in Fryer's
collection.
Hab. Japan.

Cidaria designata.
Phalcena designata, Hufn. Berl. Mag. iv. p. 612; Rott. Naturf. xi.

p. fc5 (1777).

Geometra propugnata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 286.
Coremia propugnata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 412 ; Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxv.

p. 1304.
Xanthorhoe designata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 77.

Specimens were obtained at Hakodate in July and August,
and there were a few in Fryer's collection from Yesso.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 653

Distribution. Europe; Altai; E. Siberia; Amur; Japan;
Yesso ; N. America.

Cidaria aridaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale brown with an ochreous tinge; central
fascia broad obscure brown, outlined in blackish, the inner
edge is indented below costa, and the outer edge bidentate ;
submarginal line double, but most distinctly so towards the
inner margin, blackish and wavy, beyond it there are two
dark clouds, one on costa and one below it, the latter con-
nected with an oblique blackish streak from apex. Second-
aries fuliginous grey, with a darker discal spot and indications
of a paler central line. Fringes grey, paler on secondaries,
and preceded on all the wings by a blackish lunulated line.
Under surface grey-brown : the basal two thirds of primaries
darker, limited by a paler band which is diffuse on its outer
edge ; secondaries mottled with darker, the basal two thirds
limited by a dusky line followed by a pale band ; all the
wings have a blackish discal spot.

Expanse 32 millim.

One female specimen from Wa-shan, Western China : June.

Cidaria viridata.

Cidaria viridata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc.Lond. 1867, p. 661 ; Hampson,
Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 365 (1895).

A male specimen from Ornei-shan, and a female from
Ni-tou : July.

Distribution. Sikhim; Khasis (Hampson) ; Western China.

Cidaria ambustaria, sp. n.

Primaries greyish with a faint olive tinge ; basal area
suffused with fuscous and traversed by two darker, almost
blackish bands ; the central fascia fuscous grey, with a
median band of the ground-colour, and limited by whitish-
edged black lines, the first line wavy and slightly curved,
and the second wavy and outwardly produced above the
middle ; outer marginal area fuscous grey, clouded with
darker towards apex and transversely intersected by a wavy
whitish line, which is most distinct towards costa. Second-
aries pale fuscous grey ; basal two thirds suffused with darker
and limited by a dusky line which has an obtuse projection
at the middle. Fringes : of primaries fuscous grey marked
with paler ; of secondaries pale fuscous grey marked with
darker ; preceded by a blackish line in each case. Under
surface fuscous, rather paler on secondaries ; all the wings
have a dusky discal mark and transverse band.

654 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Expanse 22-24 millim.

One male specimen from Che-tou, one from Ta-chien-lu :
June and July ; and one example (minus head) from Chang-
yang, August.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Cidaria nigrozonaria, sp. n.

Primaries have the basal two thirds fuscous brown, tra-
versed by a pale brown subbasal band ; the outer edge of the
area is limited by an undulated black line ; outer third pale
umber-brown traversed by two sinuous brown lines, the outer
rather indistinct ; apical patch fuscous brown, powdered with
grey and marked with black. Secondaries fuscous grey,
marked with paler on abdominal area towards anal angle.
Fringes pale brown, marked with darker and preceded by a
blackish line. Under surface fuscous grey, traversed by
darker lines and bands ; discal dot on each wing black ;
fringes umber-brown marked with darker at the ends of the
nervules.

Expanse 24-26 millim.

Six male specimens and five females from Oiwake and
Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Cidaria quadrifasciaria.

Phal. Geometra quadrifasciaria , Clerck, Icon. pi. vi. fig. 4 ; Linn.

Faun. Suec. 329.

Coremia quadrifasciaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 417.
Xanthorhoe quadrifasciaria, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1892,

p. 77.
Scotosia ignobilis, Bull. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 423.

There were specimens from Yokohama and Yesso in
Fryer's collection. I captured the species at Hakodate in
August.

Some of the specimens are much suffused, others agree
with the type of " S" ignobilis^ Butl., in the National Collec-
tion at South Kensington.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Eastern Siberia; Amur;
Japan; Yesso.

Cidaria dimidiaria.
Cidaria dimidiaria, Motsch. Bull, de PAcad. 1866, i. p. 197.

A nice series in Fryer's collection. I took the species at
Tsuruga and Fushiki in July ; and my native collector
obtained it in the island of Kiushiu.

Hob. Japan; Kiushiu.

from Ghinay Japan , and Corea. 655

The Kiusliiu specimens are smaller than the type and
paler in colour.

Cidaria hortulanaria, Grgeser, from Amurland, appears to
be very near to, if it is not identical with, this species.

Cidaria abraxina.

Melaninpe abraxina. Butl. Ann. & Mag. Neat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 443
(1879).

A series from Nikko and Yesso in Fryer's collection.

My native collector obtained one female specimen at
Hakodate in June.

One of the males, of which sex there are but two examples
in the series, is without the central band on each wing, but
the discal spot remains.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Cidaria fuscaria, sp. n.

Fuscous grey. Primaries have a darker basal patch, its
outer edge almost straight, and a blackish central fascia, the
inner edge of which is curved, and the outer lobed about the
middle ; beyond the fascia there are traces of one or two pale
waved transverse lines. Secondaries have traces of pale
transverse central lines, most distinct on abdominal margin.
Under surface fuscous grey, paler on outer marginal area of
all the wings.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu, Western China:
June.

Cidaria (?) fractistriga.

Epifidonia fractistriga, Alph. Rom. sur L6p. vi. p. 65, pi. iii. fig. 7
(1892).

The specimen (a worn female) taken at Ou-pin in the
Province of Kan-sou in July, and referred by Alpheraky to
Epifidonia, Butl., appears, according to the figure, to agree
better with Cidaria.

Genus LARENTIA.

(Treit. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 367 (1895).)
Larentia plurilinearia, sp. n.

Pale grey traversed by several darker wavy lines, the
space between the third and seventh lines is darker and
represents a central fascia; the outer margin is bordered
with darker. Secondaries have the basal half suffused with

656 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

darker. The nervules on all the wings are marked with
black and whitish. Fringes concolorous with the wings,
preceded by an interrupted blackish line. Under surface
smoky grey, the basal area of primaries limited by a blackish,
slightly elbowed line, and edged with pale grey ; the central
area of the secondaries traversed by three dusky lines, and
there are traces of a fourth line on the submarginal area.

Expanse 43 millim.

Two male specimens from Ni-tou, July.

Hob. Western China.

Larentia lakearia.

Eubolia lakearia, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 40, pi. iv. fig. 58, cf ,
phiii. fig. 54, $ (1893).

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong taken in June or
July. OberthuVs types were from T£-Tsien-Lou.
Hob. Western China.

Larentia pendearia.

Anticlea pendearia. Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 39, pi. v. fig. 69

(1893).
Cidaria moupinata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 314, pi. vii.

fig. 19.

Oberthur's type was from Ta-chien-lu. I have specimens
from the same locality and also from Omei-shan, Ni-tou, and
Che-tou. Both sexes are represented. The species occurs
in June and July. Poujade records a female example from
Moupin.

Ilab. Western China.

Larentia grataria.
Anticlea grataria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 52 (May 1891).

Several specimens in Pryer's collection.
I took the species at Nikko in September, and at Oisvake
in October.
Hob. Japan.

Larentia albigirata.
Cidaria albiyirata, Kollar, Hug. Kasch. iv. p. 489 (1848).

C'i.rl.nvin <\riYYi(>y.n "Rnfl Ann Kr IVTarr TVTaf Tliaf / K\ i i-> A KO

(1895).

Butler's type of jameza was from Hakodate. There were
no specimens in Pryer's collection, and I have not received
any from Japan.

Distribution. N.W.Himalayas (Hampsori) ; Japan (Butler).

from China, Japan, and Corea. 657

Larentia suffumata.

Geometra suffumata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 306.

Eustroma sufwnata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 335.

Cidaria sufumata, Treit. Schmett. vi. 2, p. 192; Guen.Phal. ii. p. 468.

Hydriomena sufumata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.

Cidaria minna, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 424.

Several specimens from Yokohama and Yesso in Fryer's
collection. Also recorded from Tokio.

Cidaria minna, Butl., is most certainly a small form of
G. suffumata. One of my Japanese specimens measures only
24 millim. in expanse.

The species is common in several localities in Western
China.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Japan; Yesso; Western
China.

Larentia nitidaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries silvery grey, with a dark chocolate-
brown basal patch limited by a curved white line, and a
dark chocolate-brown central fascia edged with white, which
is broad on the costa but narrow from middle to inner
margin ; this fascia is apparently broken into three parts,
comprising a large triangular costal portion enclosing discal
spot, a small median spot, and an upright blotch on inner
margin ; on the apical area there is a large chocolate-brown
patch, which is intersected by a wavy oblique white line
extending from apex to the central fascia, which it penetrates
for a short distance ; submarginal line white, most distinctly
seen on the apical patch referred to ; there is a reddish-brown
shade on the middle of outer marginal area, and the space
between the basal area and the central fascia is clouded with
blackish. Secondaries grey, suffused with brownish on basal
area, and traversed by three pale central lines and a sub-
marginal line, the latter wavy. Fringes of primaries dark
grey and of secondaries pale grey. Under surface : primaries
fuliginous, with indications of a dark central line agreeing
with the outer edge of the fascia of the upperside and a white
macular submarginal line ; secondaries greyish, with darker
central line and discal spot. Antennse slightly ciliated.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the secondaries appear
more like the primaries in colour, that is silvery grey. On
the under surface the dark transverse lines are edged with
whitish, and there are indications of other whitish wavy lines
on the secondaries.

Expanse 40 millim.

One example of each sex from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hab. Western China.

658 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Larentia fractifasciaria, sp. n. /*.{ ?'_*.'/ fo.<

Primaries pearly grey, blackish at the base ; there is a
large black blotch on the costa, this is contracted in the
middle and edged with whitish, whilst from its lower end
there is a slight projection towards a small upright wedge-
shaped spot on the inner margin, the two marks appear to
represent the ends of a central band ; submarginal line wavy,
whitish, with a blackish cloud-like internal edging. Second-
aries whiter than the primaries, with a faint dusky central
line. Fringes greyish, dotted at the extremities of the
nervules with black, and there are two similar black dots on
primaries between the apex and the submarginal line. Under
surface smoky grey, darker on basal, outer, and costal areas
of primaries ; the costal blotch faintly reproduced ; second-
aries rather paler, traversed by faint, dusky, central, and
submarginal bands.

Expanse 32 millim.

One male specimen from the plateau to the north-west of
Ta-chien-lu.

Nab. Western China.

Larentia latifusata.

Melanippe latifusata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxv. p. 1298.
Cidaria ncemata, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. cxxxii. fig. 32 (1875).
Larentia latifusata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 870
(1895).

Occurs at Moupin, Pu-tsu-fong, Che-tou, Chow-pin-sa,
Omei-shan, Chia-ting-fu, Wa-shan, and the Province of
How-Kow : June and July.

I have also received the species from Sultanpore, North-
west Himalayas.

Distribution. Murree ; Dalhousie ( Hampson ) ; Kulu ;
Western China.

Larentia torpidaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries whitish; basal two thirds greyish, limited
outwardly by a darker grey irregular fascia, broadest towards
costa and enclosing the black discal spot; submarginal line
of the ground-colour, wavy, preceded by brownish clouds
towards costa and inner margin, the area beyond this line is
suffused with greyish. Secondaries whitish grey, rather
darker on outer margin. Fringes whitish grey, preceded by
an interrupted blackish line. Under surface of primaries
fuliginous grey, with a small pale patch beyond middle of
costa ; of secondaries whitish powdered with fuliginous grey,

from China j Japan , and Corea. 659

this powdering is thinner on the inner and marginal portions
of the outer half of the wing, thus giving the appearance of
central and marginal bands.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the fascia of primaries
is hardly darker than other portions of basal two thirds.

One example of each sex from Moupin, June.

Hab. Western China.

L/arentia rotundaria, sp. n.

Outer margins of all the wings have a very rounded ap-
pearance. Primaries have the basal three fourths dark grey,
traversed by wavy darker lines, and divided towards the
base of the wing by a dark-edged, narrow, pale grey band,
the outer edge of which has an angular projection below the
middle ; the outer limit of this dark area is undulated, con-
spicuously lobed below the middle, and edged with white on
the costa ; the outer marginal area is silvery grey, clouded
with dark grey exteriorly ; there is a short oblique blackish
streak from the apex, and the submarginal line is represented
by a series of white marks on costa and a series of white dots
to inner margin. Secondaries smoky silvery grey. Fringes
dark grey. Under surface smoky grey : primaries have an
abbreviated white line, shaded with dusky, from costa, and
a macular white submarginal line ; secondaries have a dusky
wavy central line and an interrupted white submarginal line.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen from Moupin, June.

Hab. Western China.

Larentia debilitata.
Cidaria (?) debilitata, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 52 (May 1891).

One female specimen, from Grifu, in Fryer's collection.
Hab. Japan.

Larentia badiata.

Geometra badiata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 291.

Anmbe badiata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 333.

Anticka badiata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 407.

Hydriomena badiata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.

A few specimens, from Gifu, in Fryer's collection.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Japan. .

The central fascia of primaries and the secondaries are
whiter in Japanese specimens than in any example in my
European series.

660 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Ileterocera

Larentia amelia.

Lozogramma amelia, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 406 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 46, pi. lii. fig. 6 (1879).

There was a nice series from Yokohama in Fryer's col-
lection, and I received a female specimen from Ichang, taken
in April.

Distribution. Japan ; Central China.

Allied to L. malvata, Rbr., a European species which
Meyrick places in Hydriomena (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892,
p. 72).

Larentia consanguinea.

Anticlea consanguinea, Butl. Ann. £ Ma#. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 449
(1878) ; 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 56, pi. Iv. fig. 1 (1879).

There were specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Larentia umbrifera.
Anticlea umbrifera, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 444 (1879).

Specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's col-
lection. I took the species at Gensan in July, and I received
one example from Chang-yang taken in July.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Central China.

Larentia Taczanowskiaria.

Ant,iclea Taczanowskiaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 54, pi. ix.

fig. 8 (1880).

Cidaria pervagata, Christ. Bull. Mosc. 1880, p. 78.
Cidaria Taczanoivskiaria, Grseser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 413.

There was a nice series from Yesso in Fryer's collection,
and my native collector met with the species in Hakodate in
June.

Distribution. Amur ; Askold ; Yesso.

Larentia erebearia, sp. n.

Primaries slaty grey, traversed by numerous blackish lines,
three of which are enclosed between two thicker black lines
and represent a central fascia ; there is also a thicker black
line near the base and an interrupted black dash from apex ;
the latter has a whitish dot on it and there is a similar dot
above it on the costa. Secondaries smoky grey, with a
brownish tinge within the waved dusky central line ; a short
slaty-grey streak from abdominal margin. Under surface
fuliginous : primaries powdered with slaty grey on costal and

from China, Japan, and Corea. 661

apical areas, and traversed by three or four darker lines
beyond the middle; secondaries powdered with grey and
traversed beyond the blackish discal spot by several wavy
grey lines, the most conspicuous of which is a double one
beyond the middle. Body blackish, tip of abdomen in the
male brown.

Expanse 36 millim.

Three male specimens and one female from Pu-tsu-fong,
June.

Hob. Western China.

Larentia stellata.

Glaucopteryx stellata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, £. 367.
Larentia adjroiiaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 36, pi. iv. fig. 59

(1893).
Larentia stellata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 369 (1895).

Two specimens from Ta-chien-lu, taken in June.
Distribution. Sikhim (Hampsori) ; Western China.

Larentia naparia.

Venusia naparia, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 30, pi. iii. fig. 36
(1893).

I have received specimens from Ta-chien-lu, Moupin, and
Omei-shan, taken in May, June, and July ; also from Chang-
yang, taken in May, June, and August.

I took the species at Ningpo in April.

Hob. Central, Western, and North-eastern China.

The specimens from Omei-shan and Ningpo are suffused
with fuscous, especially on the under surface.

Larentia confusaria, sp. n.

Greyish white. Basal half of primaries suffused with dark
grey and traversed by two diffuse lines of the ground-colour ;
beyond the middle there is a serrated whitish line clouded
inwardly with dark grey ; outer margin clouded with dark
grey, traversed by a whitish wavy submarginal line.
Secondaries whitish, with traces of dark transverse lines on
abdominal area and nervules beyond. Fringes dark grey on
primaries, paler on secondaries, preceded in all cases by a
blackish line. Under surface smoky grey : primaries with
a pale band beyond the middle.

Expanse 42 millim.

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

662 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Larentia nigrifasciaria, sp. n.

"Whitish grey, venation blackish. Primaries have a small
blackish basal patch, the outer edge of which is quite straight,
and a broad blackish central fascia, both edges are undulated,
but most prominently so exteriorly, in the centre of the
costal portion there is a diffuse spot of the ground-colour
abutting on the black discal spot, and there are traces of
similar pale spots below ; the outer marginal area is clouded
and suffused with blackish, and is traversed by a pale wavy
submarginal line, which is whitish near costa and inwardly
edged with blackish throughout, from this edging black
streaks are projected along the nervules. Secondaries have
the basal area and outer marginal border darker ; the vena-
tion also is dark on basal area. Fringes grey, preceded by
an interrupted blackish line. Under surface pale grey :
basal two thirds of primaries, also apical area, and broad
central fascia of secondaries smoky grey ; submarginal line
of primaries whitish towards costa, darker towards inner
margin ; beyond the fascia of secondaries the venation is
marked with blackish.

Expanse 40 millim. •

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

Larentia nudaria, sp. n.

Female. — Primaries grey, tinged with ochreous on outer
marginal area ; median nervure and branches, also the sub-
median nervure, marked with black ; basal patch and central
fascia darker grey, median area of the costal half of the
latter of the ground-colour, enclosing a black discal spot ;
the edges of the fascia are outlined by sinuous black lines,
the external one, edged outwardly with white, is preceded by
a wavy dusky line ; submarginal line white, wavy, expand-
ing into a spot above inner margin ; there is a dentated
dusky line between the basal patch and inner edge of the
fascia, and another between the outer edge of the fascia and
the submarginal line. Secondaries whitish grey, suffused
with darker on basal area, and traversed by three dark grey
lines, the outer two marked with black on the neuration ;
outer marginal area dark grey, traversed by a whitish sub-
marginal line. Fringes grey, marked with darker on the
primaries, and preceded by a black line. Under surface :
primaries fuliginous, marked with whitish grey on costa ;
beyond the middle there is a whitish-grey band edged with
blackish ; submarginal line whitish, interrupted towards

from China, Japan, and Corea. 663

costa : secondaries whitish grey, traversed by three darker
lines ; all .the wings have a black discal spot.

Expanse 51 millim.

One female specimen from Ta-chien-lu, June.

Hob. Western China.

Larentia albiplaga.

Scotosia albiplaga, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xi. p. 34, pi. vi. fig. 42

(1886).

Scotosia nigralbata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 327.
Larentia nigralbata. Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. t>. 370

(1895).

This species occurred in July and August at most of the
localities in Western China visited by my collectors, and
also at How-Kow, Thibet.

Distribution. Thundiani ; Punjab ; Sikhim (Hampson) ;
Kashmir; Western China; Thibet.

Larentia per plexaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale ochreous grey; subbasal band oblique,
blackish ; central fascia not well defined and hardly darker
than the ground-colour, except on inner margin where it is
blackish, its inner edge is indicated by a wavy oblique line,
and its outer edge by an angulated and wavy line, the latter
is followed by a wavy whitish band ; the outer marginal
area is rather darker grey, and is traversed by a whitish line
which is broken up into spots, each placed on a black dash
towards the costa, where it is joined by an oblique white
dash from apex ; before this line there is a blackish spot on
the costa. Secondaries whitish, traversed beyond the middle
by three dusky wavy lines. All the wings have a blackish
discal spot. Fringes dark grey on the primaries and whitish
marked with dark grey on the secondaries. Under surface :
primaries smoky, beyond the middle there is a short diffuse
white band from the costa; submarginal line white and
rather wavy, united towards costa by an oblique white dash
from apex : secondaries as above.

Expanse 32 millim.

One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu, May.

Hob. Western China.

Larentia variaria, sp. n.

Primaries leaden grey ; basal patch black, outer edge
curved ; central fascia black, its inner edge bidentate, and its
outer slightly lobed about middle ; beyond there is a small
black spot on costa, this is outwardly edged with white, and

664 Mr. J. H. Leecli on Lepidoptera Heterocera

from it a black waved line, also edged with white, runs to
inner margin ; submarginal line white and very fine, only
distinct towards costa, where it is preceded by an abbreviated
black band, and towards inner margin, where it is preceded
by a brownish cloud. Secondaries whitish grey, suffused
with darker on basal area ; discal dot fuscous ; central line
dusky, slightly waved. Fringes : grey marked with darker
on primaries ; pale grey marked with darker on secondaries.
Under surface fuscous grey : primaries have two dusky
transverse lines, edged with whitish, beyond the middle ;
secondaries have a black discal spot and blackish central line,
there are also indications of a dusky line beyond.

Expanse 24 millira.

Three male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong and one from
Che-tou, July.

Hob. Western China.

One of the specimens from Pu-tsu-fong is tinged with
brownish on primaries. In the Che-tou example the basal
patch and the central fascia on upper surface of primaries
are not clearly defined j on the under surface the only
markings on primaries are some white spots towards costa,
representing the submarginal line, and some other white
spots above the middle of the inner margin of secondaries.

Larentia inconspicuaria, sp. n.

Primaries grey, with darker basal patch, subbasal, central,
and interrupted outer bands ; all these darker markings are
limited by fine wavy black lines ; submarginal line repre-
sented by whitish dots followed by black ones, most distinct
towards costa. Secondaries greyish, with paler central band.
Fringes pale grey, chequered with darker. Under surface
grey, suffused with darker, glossy ; the primaries are marked
with whitish on the costa and the secondaries have a pale
central band.

Expanse 24-26 millim.

Two male specimens from Ta-chien-lu, July.

Hob. Western China.

Larentia tceniata.

Emmelesia tceniata, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent.. Haust. iii. p. 299, pi. xxxii.

fig. 3 (1829).

Hydriomena tceniata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.
Coremia fulvida, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 422.

There were a few examples from Oiwake in Pryer's col-
lection ; I obtained specimens at Nemoro in August, and

from China} Japan, and Corea. 665

my native collector met with the species in the island of
Kiushiu. Two specimens, which appear to be referable to this
species, were received from Pu-tsu-fong and Che-tou; they
were taken in July.

In the Japanese specimens the central band of primaries is
rather broader than in European examples, and the space
between this band and the basal patch is deeply suffused
with fuliginous.

Distribution. Europe; Japan; Yesso; Kiushiu; Western
China.

Larentia punctih'nearia, sp. n.

Primaries greyish brown; basal patch dark brown, becoming
blackish on its outer edge, which is slightly dentate ; median
band dark brown, its inner edge bordered by a dentate
whitish line, and dotted with black on the nervules, its
outer edge diffuse ; beyond the middle there is a whitish line
dotted with black on the nervules, and this appears to be the
outer limit of the median band ; submedian band brown, with
ray-like projections in the direction of the fringes, these pro-
jections are traversed by a whitish line, and the band is
interrupted about the middle by a pale brown patch similar
in tint to the space between the basal patch and median band.
Secondaries fuscous brown. Fringes pale brown, marked
with darker. Under surface brown, with few distinct mark-
ings on primaries, but the secondaries have a blackish discai
spot and an indented line beyond the middle.

Expanse 32 millim.

One female from Japan in Pryer's collection.

Allied to L. tczniata, Steph.

Larentia promiscuaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale greyish brown ; basal patch darker, limited
by a slightly indented blackish band ; central fascia broadly
blackish, the edges not well defined ; between the fascia and
basal patch there is a dusky shade ; submarginal line
whitish, wavy, bordered inwardly by an interrupted blackish
band ; discai spot black, elongate ; fringes dark grey marked
with paler, and preceded by an interrupted blackish line.
Secondaries whitish; there is a dusky transverse shade
beyond the middle, and the fringes, which are of the ground-
colour, are preceded by an interrupted blackish line. Under
surface whitish : primaries suffused with fuscous, markings
of upper surface faintly indicated ; secondaries powdered
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xix. 46

666 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

with fuscous, there are two dusky transverse lines and the
discal dot is blackish.

Expanse 25-32 millira.

Four specimens from Chang-yang taken in June, and two
from Chow-pin-sa taken in July. Both sexes are represented.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Larentia schistacea.

Anticka schistacea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 273 (1887).
Larentia schistacea, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, ii. p. 376
(1895).

One male specimen from Omei-shan and one from Pu-
tsu-fong: June.

Distribution. Dalhousie ; Sikhim ( Hampson } ; Western
China.

Larentia sordidata.

Geometra sordidata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 185.
Geometra elutata, Hiibn. Geom. %. 224.
Ypsipetes elutata, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 378.

Hydriomena elutata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 322 ; Meyrick, Trans.
Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 72.

Several specimens from Fujisan, Nikko, and Oiwake in
Pryer's collection. 1 have received the species from Omei-
shan, Ni-tou, and Pu-tsu-fong, taken in July.

Distribution. Europe ; Altai ; Amur ; Japan ; Western
China.

Larentia neurbouaria.

Larentia neurbouaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 36, pi. v. fier. 77
(1893).

I received two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, where
they were taken in June. Oberthiir's type was from T&-
Tsien-Loti.

Bab. Western China.

Larentia tripunctaria, sp. n.

Primaries blackish brown, basal area darker and limited
by an indistinct white line ; a white blotch on costal area and
another below7 it on inner marginal area represent a central
fascia ; on the outer marginal area there is a third white
blotch ; the outer third of the wing is limited inwardly by a
sinuous white line followed by a diffuse russet band. Second-
aries whitish, basal two thirds suffused with dusky and limited
by a blackish wavy line. Fringes agree with the wings in
colour. Under surface greyish, blotched with paler on the

from China, Japan, and Corea. 667

middle of the costal and outer marginal areas of primaries ;
the secondaries have two transverse dotted lines, and the
primaries one such line.

Expanse 40 millim.

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, June.

Hob. Western China.

In the second example the white blotches representing the
central fascia are much smaller, especially the lower one,
than in the specimen described.

Larentia (?) inter sectaria, sp. n.

White. Primaries have a black patch at the base con-
taining a yellow spot on the inner margin, the outer edge of
this patch is obtusely angled and connected with a small
oblong spot at the angle j central fascia black, widely inter-
rupted below the middle ; submarginal band represented by a
large black spot on the costa and a double series of lunules
below to the inner margin ; outer margin broadly bordered
with black, intersected by an oblique macular white line from
apex and interrupted below the middle ; there are some
yellow marks at inner angle. Secondaries tinged with yellow
at the base and anal angle, and marked with black or blackish
on the abdominal and outer margins. Under surface as
above, but the black markings on basal two thirds of
primaries are rather obscured.

Expanse 29 millim.

One male specimen from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Larentia costipunctaria, sp. n.

Male with a tuft of hair on the underside of the secondaries
placed just beyond the middle of vein 1.

Primaries pale grey, sometimes tinged with ochreous ;
there are five pairs of indistinct wavy grey transverse lines,
the first, third, and fourth commencing in blackish spots on
costa and the fifth from the inner edge of a large blackish
apical cloud ; submarginal line whitish, but only distinctly
traceable towards costa and inner margin. Secondaries
white, tinged with ochreous on abdominal area and bordered
with dark grey on outer margin; submarginal line wavy,
pale; central line dusky, wavy, but indistinct. Fringes
dark grey, preceded by an interrupted black line. Under
surface white; primaries slightly suffused with dusky on
basal half ; beyond the black discal spot there are indications
of a transverse band, but only distinct on the costa ; apical

46*

668 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

cloud as above ; secondaries have a black discal spot and a
faint dusky wavy central line, marked with black on the
nervules; abdominal area as above ; fringes whitish grey.

Expanse 38-41 millim.

Several specimens, including both sexes, from Ta-chien-lu,
Moupin, Pu-tsu-fong, Che-tou, and Hovv-Kow : June and
July.

Hal. Western China and Thibet.

Larentia moniliferaria.

Trichopleura moniliferaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 41, pi. v.
fig. 76 (1893).

Occurred in most localities in Western China, June and
July. Oberthur's type was taken at T^-Tsien-Lou (Ta-
chien-lu).

Hob. Western China.

Larentia truncata.

Phalana truncata, Hufh. Berl. Mag. iv. p. 602 (1769).

Geometra russata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 305.

Hydriomena truncata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 72.

Cidaria calandstrata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 662,

pi. xxxiii. fig. 6.
Cidaria cinereata, Moore, I. c.
Cidaria corussaria. Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 55, pi. ix. fig. 7

(1880).
Larentia truncata (part.), Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 378

(1895).

There were a few specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. I obtained the species at Nemoro and Shikotan
in August, at Nikko in September, and at Oiwake in
October. Specimens were received from Moupin and Che-
tou, taken in June, and also from the island of Kiushiu.

All the Japanese specimens of L. truncata in my collection
are modifications of the type form varying in two directions —
one graduating towards cinereata (corussaria}, and the other
leads up to a variety in which the basal third of the primaries
is blackish brown, intersected by a dingy rust-coloured band ;
the central fascia is almost white, the apical patch is unusually
large and agrees with the base in colour. The form last
referred to is from Oiwake, Yokohama, Kiushiu, and Moupin.
The cinereata form is represented by specimens from Ne-
moro, Shikotan, Kiushiu, and Che-tou.

Distribution. Europe ; Altai ; Amur ; East Siberia ;
Askold ; Japan ; Kiushiu ; Western China,

from China, Japan, and Corea. 669

Larentia immanata.

Geometra immanata, Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 323.
Geometra marmorata, Haw. /. c.

Cidaria immanata, var. thingvallata, Staud. Cat. p. 183.
Larentia truncnta (part.). Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 378
(1895).

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
I captured examples at Nemoro in the beginning of August,
and have received specimens taken in June and July from
Chang-yang, Pu-tsu-fong, Che-tou, and the province of
How-Kow.

The typical and marmorata forms both occur in Japan and
China.

Among the Nemoro specimens are two fine varieties ; one
of these is a very pale modification of the marmorata form
and the other approaches var. thingvallata.

Distribution. Europe ; Japan ; Yesso ; Central and
Western China.

Larentia bimacularia, sp. n.

Primaries olive-brown, darker on apical and outer marginal
area, and transversely clouded with darker on the basal half
of the wing ; there is a black patch at the base and an oblong
black spot on costa, the latter is connected with a black
discal spot and is preceded and followed by double brown
lines, the enclosed space paler throughout, but light ochreous
on costa ; submarginal line pale ochreous from costa to about
the middle of outer margin, where it disappears, but is repre-
sented by a V-shaped mark before inner angle. Secondaries
wliity brown, fuscous grey at the base, and traversed by an
oblique fuscous-grey band and two wavy lines of the same
colour ; on the abdominal margin the space between the lines
is pale ochreous j outer margin bordered with fuscous grey,
intersected by a pale ochreous curved line, which is angulated
above anal angle. Fringes greyish, chequered with blackish.
Under surface fuscous grey, marked with darker on the
nervules ; the primaries are marked on the costa with
blackish ; submarginal line pale, curved, angulated above
inner angle, and bordered inwardly with blackish towards
costa ; the area beyond the submarginal line is slightly
tinged with brownish : all the wings have a blackish discal
spot.

Expanse 34-36 millim.

Four female specimens from Ta-chien-lu and one from
Pu-tsu-fong: June.

Hob. Western China.

670 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidopterd Beterocerd

Larentia costinotaria, sp. ii. 53f2

Primaries pale brownish grey ; basal patch black, indented
on its outer edge and limited by a pale ochreous line; there
is a black oblong mark on the costa— this is outlined in pale
ochreous and contracted in the middle; between the black
markings there is a dark grey transverse shade from costa to
inner margin and some clouds of the same colour below the
costal mark; the outer margin is dark grey, indented in
the middle ; submarginal line represented by a whitish line
on the costa, and another towards inner angle. Secondaries
pale grey ; transverse central line rather darker, edged out- •
wardly with whitish ; there are indications of a pale submar-
ginal line. Fringes grey, marked with darker. Under
surface fuscous grey ; all the wings have a central and a sub-
marginal dusky line, edged with whitish ; the central line of
primaries is acutely angled.

Expanse 32 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to L. sagittata, Fabr.

Larentia variata.

Geometra variata, Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 110; Hiibn. Geom. fig. 293.

Geometra obeliscata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 296.

Hydriomena variata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1892, p. 72.

There were specimens from Gifu in Pryer's collection. I
took the species in April at Ningpo and Loochou and in June
at Gensan. All the examples are modifications of the obelis-
cata form of the species.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; E.Siberia; Japan; Corea;
N.E. China.

Larentia comis.

Larentia comis, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, (5) iv. p. 443 (1879) ;
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 379 (1895).

There were three specimens in Pryer's collection, one of
which was from Oiwake, and I obtained two examples in
the same locality in the month of October.

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson) ; Japan.

Similar in general appearance to some European examples
of L. varnata, but the antennas are shortly bipectinate.

The type (in the National Collection) is in poor condition.

from China, Japan, and Corea*, 671

Genus OPORABIA.

(Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 273 (1829).)

Oporabia (?) chiachiaria.

Psyra chiachiaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 27. pi. v. fig. 64
(1893).

I have not seen an example of this species, of which
Oberthur records tvvospecimens from Ta-Tsien-Lou (Ta-chien-
lu) ; but, judging from the figure, I should say that it is not
a Psyra, or even referable to the Boarmiinae.

Hab. Western China.

Oporabia (?) productaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale grey, with a darker basal patch, central
fascia, and an ill-defined shade between ; the neuration is
still darker and is dotted with whitish, most distinctly beyond
the central fascia ; submarginal line whitish, wavy. Second-
aries : outer angle much produced ; whitish grey, suffused
with darker on abdominal area j there is a dusky band on
outer marginal area traversed by a wavy line of the ground-
colour. Fringes agree in colour with the wings and are
preceded by an interrupted blackish line. Under surface of
primaries fuliginous grey and of secondaries whitish grey
finely dusted with darker; all the wings have a blackish
discal dot and the secondaries have an obscure, undulated,
dusky central line. Antennae bipectinated.

Expanse 48 millim.

One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu, May or June.

Hab. Western China.

Oporabia nexifasciata.

Oporabia nexifasciata, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 420.

Eight specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

Very closely allied to 0. dilutata, Bork., but the antennae
are more strongly fasciculated and the first transverse band
of primaries is straight.

Meyrick places dilutata in Asthena (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.
1892, p. 74).

Hab. Japan.

Oporabia japonaria.

Oporabia japonaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 48 (May 1891).
A long and variable series from Yokohama in Fryer's
collection.
Hab. Japan.

672 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Ueterocera
Genus PHOTOSCOTOSIA.

Trichopleura, Staud. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 68 (prgeocc.) .
Photpscotosia, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 328.
Lasiogma, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 70.

Photoscotosia fasciaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale grey-brown, traversed by several diffuse
dark grey wavy lines ; basal patch dark grey ; central fascia
chocolate-brown, the inner edge slightly indented about the
middle and the outer edge angled above the middle and
bilobed below it ; there are some blackish clouds on the outer
margin ; the costal portions of the transverse lines are darker,
and some blackish dashes precede the marginal line. Second-
aries orange, marked with fuscous grey on abdominal area
and on outer margin from anal angle to third median nervule.
Fringes fuscous, except towards outer angle of secondaries,
where they are orange, preceded on all the wings by an
interrupted black line. Under surface : primaries pale
ochreous, suffused with blackish on basal portion, which is
limited by an elbowed blackish band; the apical area is
clouded with blackish : secondaries yellowish ochreous,
powdered with fuscous ; abdominal area greyish j discal spot
linear, blackish ; central band dusky, almost straight from
costa to middle, thence turns sharply to abdominal margin.

Expanse 52-54 millim.

Two male specimens and one female from How-Kow : July.

Hal. Thibet.

Photoscotosia amplicata.

Cidaria amplicata, Walk. Oat. Lep. Het. xxv. p. 1404 (1862).
Trichopleura amplicata, Alph. Kom. sur L6p. vi. p. 76, pi. iii.

figs. 10 a, b, 3 (1892).
Trichopleura Dejeani, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 40, pi. iv. fig. 51

Photoscotosia amplicata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 382
(1895).

Occurs at Omei-shan, Ni-tou, Pu-tsu-fong, and How-Kow :
June and July.

In Chinese specimens the white patch on primaries varies
to much the same extent that it does in my series from the
N.W. Himalayas, but the secondaries are usually much less
suffused with fuscous. One form, however, from Omei-shan
seems to merit a varietal name.

Var. rvuard) nov.

General coloration brighter and more variegated ; outer
transverse line of primaries very conspicuous.

from China , Japan, and Corea. 673

Two male specimens and one female from Omei-shan : July.
Distribution. North-west Himalayas ; Sikhim ( Hampson] ;
Western China ; Thibet.

Photoscotosia pengmonaria.

Trichopleura penguionaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 42, pi. v.
fig. 70 (1893).

Three specimens from How-Kow, Thibet: July.
Oberthur's type was from Ta-Tsien-Lou.
Hob. Western China and Thibet.

Photoscotosia bicolor.

Cidaria bicolor, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 278 (1887).

Larentia tonchignearia, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 38, pi. v.

figs. 67 d,66$ (1893).
Photoscotosia bicolor, Hampson. Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 382

(1895).

Obtained in June and July in most of the localities in
Western China visited by my collectors, and also at How-Kow
in Thibet. OberthuYs type was from Ta-Tsien-Lou.

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson) ; Kulu, North-west
Himalayas; Western China; Thibet.

Photoscotosia albomacularia, sp. n.

Primaries fuliginous grey, with several indistinct darker
transverse lines ; central fascia blackish, with a large diffuse
white blotch on its costal portion ; submarginal line whitish,
indistinct, and interrupted. Secondaries blackish, discal area
white. Fringes blackish, slightly marked with white on
secondaries. Under surface blackish ; discal area of primaries
white, apices whitish ; discal and abdominal areas of secondaries
white, the latter tinged with greyish ; discal spot black,
linear.

Expanse 46 millim.

One male example from Omei-shan, July.

Hal. Western China.

Closely allied to P. bicolor , Moore, but the band on second-
aries is much broader and the fringes are black.

Photoscotosia undulosa.

Trichopleura undulosa. Alph. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 69 ; Rom. sur
Le> vi. p. 78, pi. iii. fig. 9. $ (1892) ; Oberth. Etud. d'Entom.
xviii. p. 40, pi. iv. fig. 56, <$ (1893).

Photoscotosia undulosa, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 382
(1895).

One specimen from Omei-shan, July.

674 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Alphe'raky's type (a female) was from the province of

Szechuen, and that of Oberthiir (a male) from T£-Tsien-Lou.

Distribution. Thibet ; Sikhim (Hampson) ; Western China.

Photoscotosia pallifasciariaj sp. n.

Primaries brown; basal fourth limited by a pale-edged
dark band ; about the middle of the wing there is a broad
whity-brown band, edged inwardly by a narrow undulated
dark brown band, and outwardly by a dark brown wavy line,
which is slightly indented below costa and shaded inwardly
with the ground-colour; submarginal line pale, arched, termin-
ating in an upright blotch on inner margin ; discal spot black,
linear. Secondaries smoky grey, paler on costa ; discal spot
black, inconspicuous ; central line dusky, wavy, and curved ;
submarginal line arched, ochreous brown, extending from
anal angle to third median nervule. Fringes dark grey on
primaries, paler, inclining to yellowish, on secondaries,
preceded on each wing by a dark brown line. Under surface
pale whity brown : primaries suffused with smoky on basal
third and on outer marginal area, especially on apical portion,
but the apex itself is of the ground-colour ; beyond the middle
there is a blackish abbreviated band from costa ; submarginal
line as above : secondaries powdered with greyish ; discal
spot black, linear ; central line dusky, curved.

Expanse 58 millim.

Two female specimens from Che-tou, July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to P. undulosa, Alph.

Photoscotosia velutina.
Photoscotosia velutina, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 117 (1895).

Warren's type was from " China." I have specimens of
both sexes from Omei-shan, Ta-chien-lu, Ni-tou, and Che-tou,
where they were taken in July and August.

Hab. Western China.

Photoscotosia funebris.
Photoscotosia funebris, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 117 (1895).

Specimens, taken in June and July, were received from
Pu-tsu-fong, Omei-shan, Ni-tou, and Che-tou.
Warren's type was from " China."
Hab. Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 675

Photoscotosia rectilinear ia, sp. n.

Primaries brown, with a pinkish tinge on central area ;
basal area darker brown, traversed by a greenish-grey band
and limited by an almost straight, inwardly diffuse, velvety-
black line; beyond the middle there is a greenish-grey
wavy band ; this is diffuse outwardly and edged inwardly by
an interrupted dentated black line ; submarginal line indicated
by a greenish-grey spot near costa and another towards inner
margin; discal spot black, elongate. Secondaries smoky
brown, with faint traces of a wavy central line. Fringes
brown, except towards apex of secondaries, where they are
yellowish. Under surface similar to that of P. pallifasciaria.

Expanse 56 millim.

One female specimen from Omei-shan, July.

Hob. Western China.

Photoscotosia atrostrigata.

Scotosia atrostriffata, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 87, pi, vii, fig. 16 (1864).
Lasiogma atrostriyata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 71.
Scotosia lucicolens, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 54, pi. xxxvii. fig. 10
(1878).

There were several specimens in Fryer's collection. I took
the species at Nikko in September and at Oiwakein October.
My native collector obtained it on the island of Kiushiu, and
I have one specimen from Chang-yang.

Distribution. Eastern Siberia; Japan; Kiushiu; Central
China.

Photoscotosia apicinotaria, sp. n.

Male. — Primaries brown ; the space between the thin sub-
basal black line and the angulated black inner edge of the
central fascia, which is paler than the ground-colour, is
traversed by wavy blackish lines; the outer edge of the fascia
is also black, bidentate, and wavy, but not always well
denned ; it is preceded by a double brownish line ; there is a
pale brown spot clouded with darker on costa before apex,
and below the spot there is a white dot ; discal spot black,
linear, connected with the subbasal line. Secondaries fuligi-
nous, whitish on costa ; there are indications of a wavy pale
brown submarginal line from anal angle to third median
nervule, and there is a blackish spot on abdominal margin.
Fringes concolorous with the wings, except on upper portion
of secondaries, where they are pale brown. Under surface :
primaries whitish brown, basal area blackish, apical area
fuliginous, the latter enclosing a pale brown triangular spot

676 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

on costa towards apex ; below this spot there is a dot of the
same colour: secondaries whitish brown, powdered with
fuliginous, and becoming heavily clouded with fuliginous
beyond the wavy central line ; discal spot linear.

Female. — Similar to the male, but the exterior outline of
the central fascia on primaries is more clearly defined and is
bordered with paler towards costa and inner margin ; beyond
it there are some wavy transverse lines and a white spot
towards inner angle; on the secondaries there is a large
diffuse orange band extending from costa to third median
nervule ; the fringes of these wings are tinged with orange
towards outer angle. The under surface of primaries is
fuliginous, with a broad fulvous central fascia, and of second-
aries also fuliginous, tinged on the central area with fulvous.

Expanse, <$ 54-56, $ 58 millim.

Thirteen male specimens and two females from Moupin,
Omei-shan, Che-tou, and Ni-tou : June and July.

Hab. Western China.

Photoscotosia propugnataria, sp. n.

Primaries pale olivaceous brown, basal patch and central
fascia vinous brown, inner half of central portion paler ; the
fascia is outlined in black, its interior edge is thrice indented,
and there is a black spot in each indentation, the upper one
continued to costa ; the external edge is wavy and has an
obtuse projection about the middle ; submarginal line pale,
macular below the costa, each spot outwardly edged with
black. Secondaries fuscous, whitish grey on costal area,
more narrowly towards base ; there is an orange cloud at end
of the discoidal cell and the fringes on upper half are tinged
with the same colour. Under surface very similar to that of
P.fasciaria, but less ochreous, especially on primaries.

Expanse 54 millim.

One male specimen from Wa-shan : June.

Hab. Western China.

Photoscotosia miniosata.

Scotosia miniosata, Walk. Oat. Lep. Het. xxy. p. 1354 (1862).
Photoscotosia miniosata. Hampson. Fauna Brit. Ind.. Moths, iii. p. 380
(1895).

I received this species from Pu-tsu-fong, Che-tou, and from
the plateau to the north of Ta-chien-lu.

The specimens do not appear to differ from examples in my
collection from the North-west Himalayas.

Distribution. Himalayas ; Sylhet ; Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 677

Genus CALLABRAXAS.

(Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vi. p. 226 (1880).)

Cattabraxas fabiolaria.
Euchera fabiolaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 35, pi. iii. fig. 3 (1884).

This species was obtained at Chang-yang and Ichang, also
in most of the localities in Western China.

Hao. General and "Western China.

C. trigoniplaga, Hampson (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1895,
p. 312), is very close to, if not identical with, this species.

Genus GANDARITIS.
(Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 660.)

Gandaritis flavata.

Gandaritis favata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 660; Waterh.
Aid, pi. clxxxiv. fig. 7 ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 385
(1895).

Var. sinicaria, nov. — Basal two thirds of secondaries
white, with a diffuse black central band ; outer third blackish,
intersected by a wavy yellow band and bordered on outer
margin with rather darker yellow.

I have received this form of the species from Moupin,
Omei-shan, Wa-shan, Chia-ting-fu, and Chang-yang : June
and July.

Distribution. Khasis (Hampson) ; North, Central, and
Western China.

Gandaritis agnes.

Euchera agnes, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 441 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 47, pi. Iii. fig. 10 (1879).
Hydriomena agnes, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 72.

There were four male specimens and one female from Yesso
in Fryer's collection. My native collector captured a female
example at Hakodate in June or July.

Meyrick considers festinaria, Christ., from Amurland, to
be synonymous with this species.

Hob. Japan.

Gandaritis maculata.

Gandaritis maculata. Swinh. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 433
(1894).

Several specimens from Ohoyama, Nikko, and Yesso in
Pryer's collection.

Hub, Japan and Yesso.

678 On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China &c.

Gandaritis Fixseni.

Cidaria Fixseni, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 100, pi. viii. fig, 12 (1864).
Gandaritis Fixseni, Hampson, FaunaBrit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 385 (1895).
Hydriomena Fixseni, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 72.

A nice series from Ohoyama, Nikko, and Yesso in Fryer's
collection. I obtained the species at Hakodate in August.

Distribution. Eastern Siberia; Amur; Japan; Yesso.

Japanese specimens are larger than the Amurland examples
in my collection.

G andaritis flavomacularia, sp. n.
Allied to G. Fixseni.

Male. — Fuliginous. Primaries traversed by several fine
wavy and angulated lines ; these are whitish or yellowish in
colour and only distinct on costal and inner margins ; there
are indications of two whitish bands on the median area, the
first represented by an angular dash on costal area, a sagitta
mark on the middle, and a small spot on inner margin, the
second by a slightly waved dash on costal area and a small
double spot on first submedian nervule ; submarginal band
formed of whitish spots and the marginal band of yellow
ones ; all these whitish lines and bands are tinged with
yellow on the costa. Secondaries have the abdominal area
suffused with smoky grey and the outer angle yellow ; sub-
marginal arid marginal bands composed of yellow spots, the
former preceded on costal area by a yellow crescent-shaped
mark, representing a central band. A blackish discal spot on
all the wings. Fringes fuliginous, those of secondaries
yellow at outer margin and opposite each marginal spot.
Under surface yellowish : primaries clouded with brownish on
basal and outer marginal areas ; central double line brownish,
elbowed above the middle, and connected with an interrupted
submarginal band of the same colour by an oblique darker
cloud ; a blackish oblique dash extends from apex almost to
submarginal band ; secondaries, whitish grey on abdominal
area and clouded and suffused with yellowish on outer marginal
area; central line and submarginal band as on primaries, but
the former is curved and has an angular projection on its
inner edge before abdominal margin.

Female. — Similar to the male, but larger ; the white bands
on upper surface of the primaries are less interrupted, as also
is the central yellow one of secondaries ; the under surface is
less yellow and heavily clouded with dusky.

Expanse, <£ 60, ? 66 millim.

One example of each sex from Wa-shan : August.

Hab. Western China.

Bibliographical Notice. 679

Genus POMASIA.

(Guen. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 387 (1895).)
Pomasia albolinearia, sp. n.

Pale brown. Primaries have a black discal dot and two
white transverse lines with black specks on them, the outer
one curved and recurved ; submarginal line wavy, whitish, but
not clearly defined. Secondaries have a black discal dot and
a white transverse indented line beyond, the latter inwardly
edged with black, most distinctly towards inner margin.
Fringes of the ground-colour preceded by a series of black
dots. Under surface pale brown, suffused with fuscous on
the disk : primaries have a pale discal mark and transverse
line beyond : secondaries have a black discal dot and a pale
band beyond, the latter inwardly edged with blackish.

Expanse 20 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang and an example of
each sex from Moupin : July.

In the female specimen from Moupin the white lines are
wider and in the male from same locality are almost band-
like ; but these examples are not in such good condition as
the one from Chang-yang, which I have taken as the type.

Hob. Central and Western China.

[To be continued.]

Erratum.
P. 568, line 12, for " entirely black" read "entirely white."

BIBLIOGKAPHICAL NOTICE.

Das Tierreich. I. Lief erung. — Aves : Podargidae, Caprimulgidae,
and Macropterygidae. Bearbeitet von ERNST HARTERT. Berlin:
Friedlander u. Sohn, 1897.

IN the first portion of the Birds in * Das Tierreich,' which we have
lately received, Mr. Ernst Hartert gives an excellent manual of the
Goatsuckers arid Swifts (Podargidae, Capriniulgidae, and Macro-
pterygidae). As may be supposed, it is based on the portion of
vol. xvi. of the ' Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum ' con-
taining those families, which was written by him in 1892,
thoroughly revised and broughb well up to date ; but some little
alteration is made in the arrangement and in the sequence of the
genera, added to which Mr. Hartert has, in the present instance,
declared himself wholly for trinomialism, which we rather regret,
as we are old-fashioned enough to believe that this is a course that
does not tend to the simplification of the study of ornithology, but
rather the reverse. The number of species added to those included
in the Brit. Mus. Catalogue is fifteen, as follows : — Podargus inter-
medius, Hart. ; Batracliostomus microrliynclius, Grant ; B. mixtus.

680 Miscellaneous.

Sharpe ; ^Egotheles rufescens, Salvad. ; JE. plumifer, Ramsay ;
Micropsalis kalinowskii, Berlep. ; Caprimulgus Rosenbergi, Hartert ;
0. nigriscapularis, Rchw. ; C. celebensis, Grant ; C. aldabrensis,
Bidgw. : C. Donaldsoni, Sharpe ; Collocalia Wliiteheadi, Grant ;
Cypseloides Cherriei, Bidgw.; Apus Willsi (Hart.); A. Shelleyi
(Salvad.) ; but of these JEgotheles plumifer and Apus Shelleyi were
referred to in footnotes in that Catalogue. Besides which the
following thirteen subspecies are also added : — Nyctibius jamai-
efwws. ari&eus (Gm.) ; Nvctidromus albicollis derbyanus, Gould ;
Chordeiles virginicus aserriensis, Cherrie ; Phalcenoptilus Nuttalli
nitiduf, Brewst. ; Caprimulgus macrurus ambiguus, Hart. ; Capri-
mulgus macrurus nipalensis, Hart. ; Caprimulgus europceus meridi-
onalis, Hart. ; Macropteryx mystacea Woodfordiana, Hart. ; M. comata
major^'B.&Tt. ; Collocalia fuciphaga unicolor, Jerd. ; Chcetura zonaris
pallidifrons, Hart.; Apus affinis galilejensis (Antin.) ; and Apus
affinis Kcenigi (Rchw.). One new genus is given, viz. Nannochor-
deiles, Hartert [type N. pusilhis (Gould)], and the following altera-
tions and emendations are made : — JEgotheles Lorice (Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. xvi. p. 650) is omitted ; Eurostopus is corrected (p. 23)
to Eurostopodus ; Macropsalis forcipata (p. 27) to M. creagra (Bp.) ;
the genus Cosmetornis is suppressed and included (p. 30) in Macro-
dipteryae, and M. macrodipterus is corrected to M. longipennis
(Shaw) ; Heliothreptus is altered (p. 31) to Elioihreptus ; Capri-
mulgus lentiginosus stands (p. 55) now as C. trimaculatus (Sw.),
Caprimulgus jotalca as Caprimulgus indicus jotaka, and Caprimulgus
Kelaarti as Caprimulgus indicus typicus ; Collocalia merguiensis a's
C. francica germani (Oust.); Tachornis batassiensis is altered to
T. batasiensis ; and the generic name for the true Swifts is altered
from Micropus to Apus, but should, we think, stand as Cypselus.
Sixteen woodcuts of heads, feet, and tails are given, all of which
will be found useful, and the entire work is well got up and con-
scientiously executed : and we congratulate Mr. Hartert on having
completed so concise and useful a manual of these families.

MISCELLANEOUS.

On the Malpighian Tubes of Orthoptera.

By M. L. BOEDAS *.

THE Malpighian vessels in Orthoptera present a close analogy with
those of Hymenoptera so far as their number and length is con-
cerned, but they differ essentially in their arrangement and mode of
opening. They are, as a rule, capillary tubes, more or less elon-
gated, cylindrical, tortuous, and arranged in several bundles which
open in the majority of species on the summit of six little conical
tubercles, arising in evaginations of the anterior extremity of the
terminal portion of the intestine. In Porficulidae, Phasmidaa, and
Gryllidse the relations of these glands to the intestine are entirely
different.

From the histological point of view these glands consist of an
external very delicate peritoneal coat and an internal epithelium
* Abstract from a work, ' Appareil digestif des Orthopteres,'

On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China &c. 65

If this species ^is admitted into the genus Frondipora,
Mr. Busk's definition of that genus should be modified thus : —
Zoarium pedunculate ramose ; fasciculi opening only on one
side, or at the ends, of the branches.

VIII. — On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan, and
Corea. By JOHN HENRY LEECH, B.A., F.L.S , F.Z.S., &c.
—Part II. Family Geometridss', Subfamilies (Enochromina3,
Orthostixinas, Larentiinse, Acidaliinse, and Geometrinse.

[Continued from vol. xix. p. 679.]

Genus EUPITHECIA.

(Curtis, Brit. Entom. vi. pi. Ixiv. (1825).)

Eupithecia proterva.

Eupithecia proterva, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 445 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 52, pi. liv. fig. 1 (1879).

A nice series from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Eupithecia signigera.
Eupithecia signigera, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 442 (1879)

Specimens from Yokohama and Gifu in Fryer's collection.
Uab. Japan.

Eupithecia caliginea.

Eupithecia caliginea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 445 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 52, pi. liv. tig 2 (1879).
Eupithecia zibellinata, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. (2) p. 117 (1881).
Tephroclystis zibellinata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 66.

There were three specimens in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Amur; Japan.

Eupithecia castigata.

Geometra castigata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 456.

Tephroclystis castigata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 66.

There were four specimens (one male, three females) in
Fryer's Japanese collection. My native collector obtained
the species at Nikko, and I have received it from Pu-tsu-fong,
where specimens were taken in June.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Japan; Western China.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xx. 5

66 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Eupithecia consortaria, sp. n.

Primaries greyish, with a faint brownish tinge and marked
with darker on the costa; there are two or three obscure
dusky transverse lines before the conspicuous black discal
spot, and a double line (rather more clearly defined and angu-
lated below costa) beyond the spot; submarginal line whitish,
interrupted and bordered with dusky. Secondaries rather
paler, with a blackish discal dot and an obscure dusky central
band. Fringes greyish, marked with darker. Under
surface pale fuscous grey ; all the wings have a blackish
discal dot, a dusky central band, and an obscure line beyond.

A male specimen from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to E. castigata.

EupitJiecia coronata.

Geometra coronata, Hiibn. Geom. pi. Ixxii. figs. 372, 373.

Eupithecia lucinda, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 442 (1879) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. Ix. pi. clxx. fig. 11 (1893).
Chloroclystis lucinda, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 396

(1895).

Specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

Eupithecia excisa.

Eupithecia excisa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 445 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 52, pi. liii. fig. 11 (1879).
Chloroclystis palpata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 391

(1896).

Specimens from Yokohama, Gifu, and Yesso in Fryer's
collection.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

EupitJiecia minuta.
Collix minuta, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 421.

Three specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
Hab. Japan.

This species appears to be closely allied to E. rectangu-
, Linn.

Eupithecia Julia.

Lobophora Julia, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 446 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 53, pi. liv. fig. 4 (1879).
Chloroclystis palpata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 391

(1895).

from China, Japan, and Corea. 67

^ There were specimens from Oiwake, Yokohama, Gifu, and
Yesso in Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Probably an Eastern Asian representative of E. rectangu-
lata, L.

Eupithecia consueta.

Eupithecia consueta. Butl. Ann. & Mag". Nat. Hist. (5) iv p. 442
(1879).

Five specimens from Yokohama and one from Yesso in
Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Eupithecia Pryeriaria, sp. n.

Male. — Fale whity brown. Primaries traversed by several
pale brown, transverse lines, but these are only distinct on
the costa ; there is a pale brownish mark on the basal third of
costa and a short oblique dash below it on the inner margin ;
discal dot black ; outer marginal area of all the wings pale
brown, traversed by a whitish wavy line. Under surface
slightly suffused with fuscous ; all the wings have a dusky
border on outer margin.

Female. — Rather browner, and the transverse lines are
more distinct.

Expanse 24 millim.

Three examples of each sex in Fryer's collection from
Yokohama and Yesso.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Eupithecia fuscicostata.

Eupithecia fuscicostata, Christ. Rom. sur L6p. iii. p. 11, pi. i. fig. 6

(1887).
Eupithecia fuscostigma, Alph. op. cit. vi. p. 80 (1892).

Alphe*raky records an example of each sex of this species
from the province of Kan-sou, taken in July. He states
that the specimens are paler and that there are fewer brownish
markings on the disk of the wings.

Distribution. Transcaucasia ; Western China.

Eupithecia Sophia.

Eupithecia Sophia, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 444 (1878)
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 61, pi. liii! fig. 9 (1879).

Butler describes this species from Yokohama ; there were
no specimens in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

5*

68 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Eupithecia invisa.

Eupitheda invis*, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 444 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 51, pi. liii. fig. 10 (1879).

Butler's type was from Hakodate ; Pryer did not meet
with it, and I failed to obtain it in any part of Japan that I
collected in.

Hab. Japan.

Probably a form of E. castigata, Hiibn.

Eupithecia sinicaria, sp. n.

Primaries brownish, darker along the costa ; the basal area
is whitish, limited by a wavy whitish band, which is clearly
defined on the dark costal area and is intersected transversely
by a wavy dark line; there is another similar whitish band
beyond the black discal dot, but this does not proceed below
the middle of the wing ; these bands are connected by an
irregular whitish patch below the dark costal area ; third
band whitish, intersected by a dark line on costa, but hardly
traceable below, except as white points on the nervules, sub-
marginal line dusky. Secondaries greyish, traversed by
five wavy whitish bands, the third and fourth of which are
most distinct. Under surface fuscous grey • primaries with
a black discal dot and indications of dusky transverse bands;
secondaries with whitish bands as above.

Expanse 24 rnillim.

A male specimen from Che-tou, Western China : July.

Allied to E. succentureata, Linn., from Europe.

Eupithecia rufescens.

Eupithecia rufescens, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 445 (1878) ;
111. Tjp. Lep. Het. iii. p. 52, pi. liii. fig. 12 (1879).

Specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection. I took
the species in Satsuma in May.
Hab. Japan and Kiushiu.

Eupithecia niphonaria, sp. n.

Primaries brownish, with some darker marks on the costa ;
discal dot black ; submarginal line whitish, serrated to inner
margin ; there is a small white spot on it just above the
inner margin. Secondaries rather paler, with a blackish
discal dot and dusky indented central line. Fringes greyish,
very broad, and preceded by a blackish line, which has pale
dots on it at the ends of the nervules. Under surface paler

from China, Japan, and Corea. 69

than above ; primaries are slightly suffused with fuscous on
the basal and outer marginal areas; the secondaries have two
fuscous transverse lines, and all the wings have a blackish
discal dot.

Expanse 22 millim.

A female specimen in Fryer's collection from Japan.

Allied to E. absinthiata, 01., from Europe.

Eupithecia carearia, sp. n.

Pale brown. Primaries with a broad darker central band
enclosing the blackish discal spot ; the costal portion of the
band above the discal spot is much darker than the remainder;
there are indications of an interrupted pale submarginal line j
this is preceded and followed on the costa by brownish clouds,
and edged inwardly with the same colour above the middle
and towards inner margin. Secondaries have a black discal
dot. Fringes pale brown, preceded by an interrupted blackish
line. Under surface paler than above, with blackish discal
dots and faint traces of dusky transverse markings.

Expanse 25 millim.

Two male specimens in Pryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Allied to E. indigata, Hiibn., from Europe.

Eupithecia costimacularia, sp. n.

Whitish. Primaries have four brownish spots on the
costa, the first representing the upper portion of a basal patch,
the second and third are near together, and the fourth is
preceded by the whitish wavy line, which is inwardly
bordered with brownish, especially towards inner margin;
there are some brownish marks on the middle of the inner
margin and the discal spot is elongate and black. Second-
aries have a blackish discal dot ; some brownish clouds on
abdominal margin, from which there are indications of dusky
bands across the wings. Fringes whitish, marked with
brownish and preceded by a blackish line. Under surface
whitish ; primaries have the markings of upper surface
faintly reproduced, except on inner margin ; secondaries have
a larger discal mark and two dusky transverse lines.

Expanse 24 millim.

One female specimen from Japan, probably from Yokohama.

Hob. Japan.

Allied to E. oblongata, Thnb., from Europe.

70 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

EupitJiecia obliquaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale brown, basal and outer marginal areas clouded
with blackish; there is an inwardly oblique and slightly
angulated dark brown or blackish band about the middle of
the wing; this is joined by an outwardly oblique streak on
costal area; beyond the central band is a'fine wavy blackish
line, originating at costal extremity of central line and termi-
nating in a spot on inner margin ; submarginal line whitish
and interrupted. Secondaries greyish ; abdominal area pale
brownish, barred with blackish. Fringes agree with ^the
wings, preceded by a blackish line. Under surface greyish,
suffused with fuliginous on primaries ; secondaries have three
dusky transverse lines ; primaries have an elongate blackish
discal mark and a spot of the same colour beyond it on costa.

Expanse 28 millim.

Two male specimens from Ta-chien-lu: May and June.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to E. phceniceata, Eamb., from Europe.

Eupithecia brevifasciaria, sp. n.

Primaries brownish ; basal patch slightly darker, limited
by a blackish line ; central fascia indicated by blackish lines
from costa to inner margin, the space between them blackish
towards costa, forming a quadrate patch ; beyond fascia is a
pale band, whitish on costal portion, but suffused with the
ground-colour below ; outer marginal area with a blackish
cloud on costa before apex, another below apex, and one at
inner angle ; these clouds are intersected by a whitish serrated
submarginal line; there is a pale streak from apex to fascia.
Secondaries whitish ; the basal area is traversed by four
blackish or fuscous bands, the outer one transversely inter-
sected by a wavy line paler than ground-colour; outer
marginal area fuscous, intersected by two whitish waved lines ;
the central space is paler than the ground, its outer edge
crenulate. Fringes brown. Under surface whitish, tinged
with fuscous ; basal area traversed by diffuse fuscous lines
and limited by a blackish line, angled at the middle ; outer
marginal area traversed by a fuscous line and limited by
another line — the latter is marked with darker on neuration
and is slightly curved on primaries and angled on second-
aries ; the intervening space on both wings, a spot about middle
of outer margin of primaries, and a marginal band on
secondaries paler than the ground-colour.
Expanse 28 millim.

from China , Japan , and Corea. 71

One male specimen from Chow-pin-sa : May.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to K pulchellata, Steph.

Eupithecia mandarinaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale brown, suffused and clouded with darker,
and traversed by three black lines, each of which originates
in a black mark on costa, and externally edged with whitish
throughout its course ; the inner is slightly curved, the outer
is sharply dentate, and the median one is twice angled, the
upper angle almost touching a dentation of the outer line ;
submarginal line wavy, whitish ; discal spot black, encircled
with whitish, large and conspicuous. Secondaries whity
brown, dark brown on outer marginal area ; there are two
dusky transverse lines before the middle and a blackish-
edged whitish dentate line beyond the middle, but this latter
only extends from abdominal margin to third median nervule;
submarginal line wavy, whitish. Fringes brown, marked
with whitish and preceded by a whitish line. Under surface
whitish, suffused with darker on the outer marginal area;
primaries have a black discal spot, a black mark on costa
beyond, and the transverse lines of upper surface are faintly
indicated ; secondaries have a black discal spot, some dusky
transverse lines, and a series of blackish marks on the
nervules.

Expanse 30-38 millim.

Fitteen specimens from Ta-chien-lu, Wa-shan, and Pu-tsu-
fong, June; and one female example from Kiukiang.

Ilab. Central and Western China.

In the Kiukiang example the transverse lines of primaries
are very faint, but the black line beyond middle of secondaries
is very conspicuous.

Allied to E. togata, Hiibn.

Genus MiCROLOBA.
(Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 405 (1895).)

Microloba bella.

Melaninpe letta, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 448 (1878) j
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 55, pi. liv. tig. 10 (1879) ; Oberth. Etud.
d'Entom. v. p. 53, pi. iv. tig. 11 (18^0).

Tyloptera eburneata, Christ. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Iv. (2) p. 116 (1880).

Microloba bella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 405 (1895).

There were specimens from Yokohama in Pryer's collec-
tion. I obtained the species at Gensan in July and at Hako-
date in August, and my native collector met with it in the

72 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

island of Kiushiu. Examples have also been received from
Ta-chien-lu, Pu-tsu-fong, Chia-ting-fu, and Chang- jang :
June and July.

Distribution. Amur ; Askold ; Corea ; Japan ; Yesso ;
Kiushiu ; Western and Central China.

Genus BRABIRA.
(Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 271 (1888).)

Brabira artemidora.

Melanippe artemidora, Oberth. Etud. d'Ent. x. p. 33, pl.i. fig. 6 (1884).
Brabira pallida, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 271, pi. viii. lig. 12 (1887).
Brabira artemidora^ Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 406
(1895).

Mr. Smith took two specimens at Hakone in August, and
there were two in Fryer's collection.

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson}', Askold; Japan.

Brabira plicataria, sp. n.

Cinnamon-brown. Primaries have two short blackish
streaks on costa before the broad central fascia, which has a
darker patch on its middle ; there are traces of a submarginal
band, especially towards costa; these bands are continued on
the secondaries ; all the wings have a black discal dot.
Fringes of the ground-colour, preceded by a series of black
dots. Under surface tinged with fuscous, with bands of
upper surface reproduced.

In the male the abdominal margin of secondaries is deeply
folded.

Expanse, <S 27, $ 30 millim.

Two male specimens from Omei-shan and one female from
Moupin : July.

Hub. Western China.

Superficially this species resembles Venusia dharmsalce,
Butl.

Genus BESSOPHORA.
(Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 63.)

Bessophora Staudingeri.

Ptychoptera Staudingeri, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. (2) p. 83 (1881).
Bessophora Staudingeri, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 63.

I took two specimens at Gensan in June.
Distribution. Amur ; Corea.

Ptychoptera being preoccupied in Diptera, Meyrick has
changed the name of this genus to Bessophora.

from Chincij Japan, and Corea. 73

Genus LOBOPHORA.
(Curtis, Brit. Ent. ii. p. 81.)

Lobophora halterata.

Phalcena halterata, Hufn. Berl. Mag. iv. 608 (1769).

Geometra hexapterata, Sckifll Wien. Verz. 109 (1776) : Hiibn. Greom.

fig-. 2.32.

Trichoptcryx hexapterata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 323.
Lobophora hexapterata. Steph. 111. Brit. Eat., Haust. iii. p. 278 ; Guen.

Phal. ii. p. 3o7.
Lobophora halterata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 62.

A few specimens from Yesso in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Yesso.

Genus TRICHOPTERIGIA.

(Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 403 (1895).)

Trichopterigia costipunctaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale brown, dotted with black on the costa;
there is a blackish spot on the median nervure near the base ;
beyond there are two reddish spots, representing the first
transverse band ; central band reddish brown, interrupted
between median nervure and costa, and intersected by some
blackish marks on the nervules ; submarginal band inter-
rupted, reddish above inner margin. Secondaries whitish.
Fringes agree in colour with the wings, preceded on primaries
by a series of black dots (two at the extremity of each nervule) .
Under surface similar to above, but the markings of primaries
are fuscous in colour.

Expanse 40 millim.

One male specimen and one female from Gifu in Fryer's
collection.

Hob. Japan.

Genus TEICHOPTERYX.
(Hiibn. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 61.)

TricJwpteryx volitans.

Lobophora volitans, Butl. Aim. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 446 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 53, pi. liv. fig. 5 (1879).

A nice series from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

74 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Trichopteryx hemana.

Larentia hemana, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 444 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 61, pi. liii. fig. 8 (1879).

There was a nice series in Fryer's collection from Yoko-
hama, and my native collector obtained the species in the
island of Kiushiu.

Hob. Japan and Kiushiu.

Trichopteryx choaspitis.

Lobophora choaspitis, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. x. p. 33. pi. i. fig. 10
(1884).

There was a specimen from Gifu in Fryer's collection that
I consider to be referable to this species. Oberthiir's type
was from the isle of Askold.

Distribution. Askold j Japan.

Trichopteryx grisearia.
Lobophora grisearia, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 54 (May 1891).

Five males and three females, probably from Yokohama,
in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Trichopteryx terranea.

Lobophora terranea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 446 (1878) j
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 63, pi. liv. fig. 6 (1879).

Five specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Tr {chapter yx miser a.
Lobophora misera, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 443 (1879).

There were nine specimens from Yokohama and one from
Gifu in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Trichopteryx beUarta.
Lobophora bellaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 54 (May 1891).

A male specimen from Yokohama and a female from Gifu
in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Trichopteryx viretata.

Geometra viretata, Hiibn. Geom. pi. xliv. fig. 230.

Trichopteryx viretata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 323 ; Hampson, Fauna

Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 405 j Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892,

p. 62.

from Chinaj Japan, and Corea. 75

Lobophora viretata, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 278 ; Gaen.
Phal. ii. p. 368.

One female specimen from Ta-chien-lu, taken in May.
Distribution. Europe; Ural; Western China. Dharmsdla;
Sikhim ; Kha*sis (Hampson] .

TricJiopteryx consobrinaria.
Lobophora consobrinaria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 54 (May 1891).

One male specimen from Grifu in Fryer's collection.
This species is closely allied to L. viretata, Hiibn.
Hob. Japan.

TricJiopteryx obscuraria.
Lobophora obscuraria, Leech, Entom., Suppl. p. 55 (May 1891).

Several male specimens from Loochoo and Yokohama in
Fryer's collection.

Hab. Japan and Loochoo.

TricJiopteryx olivaria, sp. n.

Primaries olivaceous grey ; costa marked with black ; first
line blackish, almost straight, and near the base of the wing;
central band indicated by two black lines, connected below
the middle by black bars on the nervules ; the outer line is
intersected by black bars on the neuration above the middle,
bordered throughout its course with fuliginous, and terminates
in a black patch, enclosing a white spot, on inner margin ;
submarginal band interrupted, blackish, followed by a wavy
whitish line. Secondaries fuscous grey, with blackish discal
dot. Fringes agree with the wings in colour, preceded by
an interrupted black line. Under surface brownish grey on
basal two thirds ; outer marginal third paler, traversed by a
dusky submarginal band ; discal spot black, obliquely linear
on primaries.

Expanse 35 millim.

One female specimen in Fryer's collection.

Hab. Japan.

TricJiopteryx muscigera.
Lobophora muscigera, Bull. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 421.

Fryer refers to this species in his Catalogue (564,
Fujisan), but there were no specimens in his collection, and I
have not seen any example other than the type in the
National Collection at South Kensington.

Hab. Japan.

76 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Ffeterooera

Genus SAURIS.

(Guen. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 408 (1895).)
Sauris w'grilinearia, sp. n.

Primaries ochreous, with a faint greenish tinge ; there are
three black marks on the costa, and from each of these there
are traces of transverse lines, the outer double and most
distinct j on the outer marginal area there are two black
transverse lines, the first curved and recurved and the
second more or less interrupted ; the space enclosed by
these lines, from inner margin to above middle, fuscous
grey, clouded with blackish ; discal dot black, elongate ;
fringes greyish, darker at base, and preceded by a series of
black dots. Secondaries fuscous grey. Under surface pale
brown, with a pinkish tinge ; outer marginal area of primaries
suffused with dusky.

Expanse 34 millim.

One male specimen in Pryer's collection without locality
ticket.

Hob. Japan.

Sauris nanaria, sp. n.

Primaries whitish, suffused with dusky on basal and costal
areas, the latter tinged with ochreous ; beyond the middle
there is a broad, fuscous, transverse band — this is represented
by a few scales only between the second median nervule and
inner margin, and is edged outwardly on the costal area with
whitish ; outer marginal area blackish, interrupted exteriorly
towards inner margin, and traversed by a thin line of the
ground-colour ; fringes greyish, preceded by a series of black
dots. Secondaries fuscous grey. Under surface whitish,
suffused with dusky on costal and outer marginal areas of
primaries.

Expanse 20 millim.

One male specimen in Pryer's collection; locality not
indicated.

Hab. Japan.

Genus DISCOLOXIA.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 105 (1895).)

Discoloxia megaspilata.
Discoloxia megaspilata, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 105 (1895).

Warren describes this species from Japan. There was a
nice series from Gifu in Pryer's collection.
' Hob. Japan.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 77

Genus HYDRELIA.
(Hiibn. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 412 (1895).)

Hydrelia sylvata.

Geometra sylvata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 231.

Phalcena testaceata, Donov. Brit. Ins. xiv. pi. cccclxxxvii. fig. 1 (1810).

Hydrelia sylvata, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 322.

Asthena sylvata, Guen. Phal. i. p. 437.

Euchczca sylvata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 74.

Three specimens from Oiwake and two from Yokohama in
Fryer's collection.

"Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan.

Hydrelia plenaria, sp. n.

Whitish grey. Primaries have a darker greyish band
beyond the middle, transversely intersected by an interrupted
line of the ground-colour, followed by a double greyish wavy
line. Secondaries have six wavy greyish lines, but those on
basal half are less distinct than those on outer half. Fringes
greyish, preceded by an interrupted blackish line. Under
surface whitish; primaries suffused with fuscous; all the
wings have two dusky, wavy, transverse lines.

Expanse 21 millim.

Two male specimens from Chang-yang : June and August.

Hob. Central China.

Hydrelia phasma.

Emmelesia phasma, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 441 (1879).
Acidalia latsaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 32, pi. iii. fig. 35

(1893).
Hydrelia pliasma, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 412 (1895).

I took the species at Hakodate in August, and my native
collector obtained it at Gensan in August and also in the
island of Kiushiu. Eight specimens from Gifu, one from
Yokohama, and one from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
Obevthiir records the species from Ta-chien-lu.

Distribution. Japan; Yesso; Kiushiu; Western China;
Corea.

Hydrelia nisaria.

Acidalia nisaria, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. 2, p. 49 (1881).
A fine series in Fryer's collection. The specimens are
from Yokohama, Oiwake, and Gifu. I obtained the species
at Gensan in July and at Hakodate in August.
Distribution. Amur; Japan; Yesso; Corea.

78 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Hydrelia Blomeri.

Melanippe Blomeri, Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. ccccxvi. (1832).
Emmelesia Blomeri, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iv. p. 393.
Acidalia pulchraria, Eversni. Bull. Mosc. 1842, iii. p. 557.
Euch&ca Blomeri, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 74.

One male specimen in Fryer's collection.
In this example the only character that shows up at all
prominently is the short brownish fascia.
Distribution. Europe- Amur; Japan.

Hydrelia marmorariaj sp. n.

Primaries ashy grey ; subbasal line black, followed by a
diffuse brownish band ; beyond this there is a black line
shaded inwardly with brownish ; this is angled to the black
linear discal mark, and again towards inner margin, where it
meets an elbow of a fascia composed of three black lines ;
the outermost of these lines has a bidentate projection; the
whole of the apical area is clouded with reddish brown ; sub-
marginal line wavy, curved and recurved, blackish towards
inner margin and outwardly edged with black about the
middle. Secondaries brownish grey, with some dark trans-
verse lines and whitish bands, but, with the exception of the
interrupted outer white band, these are only clearly defined on
abdominal area. Fringes whitish, preceded by a series of
black spots. Under surface fuscous grey, with some of the
black lines of upper surface reproduced. Secondaries whitish,
with a blackish central line and a fuscous submarginal band ;
all the wings have a blackish discal dot.

Expanse 26 millim.

One male specimen from Chang-yang : August.

Hob. Central China.

Hydrelia luteata.

Geometra luteata, Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 110.

Geometra lutearia, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 103.

Asthena lutearia, Hiibn. Verz. Sclimett. p. 310; Guen. Phal. i. p. 435.

Euchceca luteata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 74.

There were two specimens, probably from Yokohama, in
Fryer's collection ; these are paler than the European
examples in my collection.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Askold ; Japan.

Hydrelia ochrearia, sp. n.
Pale ochreous ; all the wings have indications of subbasal,

from China, Japan, and Corea. 79

central, and submarginal brownish lines, most conspicuous on
the costa ; the primaries have a brownish dot on costa between
central and submarginal lines, and the secondaries have a
brownish discal spot. Fringes of the ground-colour preceded
by a series of minute black dots. Under surface whitish
ochreous ; primaries suffused with fuscous brown on costal
portion of basal half; costa beyond tinged with darker
ochreous.

Expanse 27 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong : June or July.

Hob. Western China.

Hydrelia straminearia, sp. n.

Pale stramineous. Primaries with four and the secondaries
with three transverse dusky lines, the outer two in each case
wavy and double ; on the primaries there is a blackish dot
at the costal extremity of the second and third lines ; all the
wings have a blackish discal dot. Under surface whitish ;
primaries tinged with stramineous on the apical and outer
marginal areas, and clouded with fuscous on costal portion of
basal area; there is an angulated and sinuous fuscous central
line, and a double wavy line beyond also fuscous : secondaries
have indications of two fuscous transverse lines ; discal dots
as above.

Expanse 33 millim.

One male specimen from Wa-shan : June.

Hab. Western China.

Hydrelia albidaria, sp. n.

White, with slight creamy tinge. Primaries have a black
discal dot and four dusky, wavy, transverse lines, the third
double; secondaries have three such lines, the middle one
double. Under surface white; primaries fuscous on costal
portion of basal area and traversed by three wavy fuscous
lines, the central one well defined; secondaries have two
fuscous lines ; all the wings have a black discal dot, and the
fringes are preceded by an interrupted blackish line.

Expanse 30-32 millim.

One male specimen from Chia-kou-ho, a female from Chia-
ting-fu and one from Wa-shan : June and July.

1 have described the female from Chia-ting-fu, as the
markings are more distinct in this particular specimen than
in either of the others.

Hab. Western China.

80 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Hydrelia distinctaria, sp. n.

Whitish. Primaries traversed by five dark grey lines, the
fourth double ; costa has a broad ochreous streak, increasing
in width towards outer margin; there is a blackish-grey mark at
the base of costa and five others beyond, from the third, fourth,
and fifth of which the second, third, and fourth transverse lines
commence ; the costal half of the double fourth line is clouded
with blackish grey, and there are two spots of the same colour
towards costa beyond fifth line and one on costa just before
apex ; discal spot black. Secondaries have three dark grey
transverse lines, the second double ; discal dot black. Fringes
silky, preceded by blackish-grey dots towards apex of pri-
maries and about the middle of secondaries. Under surface
whitish ; primaries have an elongate blackish patch at base
and two irregular blackish bands beyond, extending from
costa to second median nervule, whence they are continued as
lines to inner margin : secondaries have lines of upper surface
faintly reproduced.

Expanse 32 millim.

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong and one from Wa-
shan : June.

Hob. Western China.

Hydrelia recur vilineata.

Agnibesa recurvilineata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 256 (1887).
Hydrelia recurvilineata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 415
(1895).

I received a male specimen from Omei-shan, taken in July,
and one from Chang-yang, taken in August.

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampson} ; Central and Western
China.

Hydrelia punctilinearia, sp. n.

Somewhat similar to H. recur •vilineata , but the orange
markings are more restricted, the transverse lines of primaries
are more clearly defined, and all the wings have a distinct
submarginal line, macular or interrupted. The three lines on
secondaries are finer, wider apart, and the two outer ones are
dotted with black on the nervules.

Expanse 32-34 millim.

One male specimen from Chow-pin-sa, taken in June, and
one from Kia-ting-fu, taken in July.

Hob. Western China.

from China , Japan, and Corea. 81

Hydrelia pictaria.

Somatina (?) pictaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 645.

Agnibesa pictaria, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 256 (1887).

Hydrelia pictaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 415 (1895).

I received two male specimens from Ta-chien-lu and a
female from Wa-shan, all taken in July.

Distribution. Sikhim (Hampsori) ; Western China.

Hydrelia electariaf sp. n. ?1^HL^J^

Pale straw-yellow, traversed by obscure irregular lines.
Basal area and costal portion of median third of primaries
purplish, tinged with greyish ; the basal area limited by a
blackish curved line, edged with ferruginous, encloses an
irregular patch of the ground-colour, and is traversed by an
angulated blackish line ; the costa beyond the limits of the
basal patch is of the ground-colour, partially suffused with
purplish ; outer third ferruginous, merging into yellowish on
apical area and towards inner margin, is limited by a lunu-
lated blackish line and traversed by an obscure purplish-grey
band ; submarginal line represented by some blackish lunules,
preceded by yellowish dots towards costa; a conspicuous black
spot between the second and third median nervules and a
smaller one in the space below. Secondaries have the abdo-
minal margin tinged with ferruginous ; outer third, which is
of the ground-colour, merging into ferruginous towards the
lunulated blackish limiting line, encloses a transverse series
of greyish-ringed spots of the ground-colour, and is traversed
by a tapered purplish-grey band ; discal dot black. Fringes
of the ground-colour with a brownish line at their base.
Under surface pale whity brown : primaries have some fuscous
marks on basal area and a conspicuous patch of the same
colour on costal portion of median third ; beyond there is a
diffuse, fuscous, transverse band, followed by a blackish spot
near apex, and a larger one between second and third median
nervules : secondaries have a black discal dot, a fuscous
transverse line, and a fuscous band, the latter traversed by a
diffuse line of the ground-colour.

Expanse 35 millim.

One female specimen from Moupin : July.

Hob. Western China.

Hydrelia obliterata.

rlufn. Berl. Mag. iv. p.
Hiibn. Geom. pi. xi. fig.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xx.

Geometra obliterata, Hufn. Berl. Mag. iv. p. 608 (1767).
Geometra hepararia, Hiibn. Geom. pi. xi. fig. 58.

82 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Euchceca hepararia, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. i. p. 298.

Eupisteria hepararia, Boisd. Ind. p. 192.

Euchceca oUiterata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 74.

There was a male specimen from Fujisan in Fryer's
collection.

Distribution. Europe; Japan.

W n W/f^^W,^^^

Hydrelia angularia^ sp. n. N .g]I.< /•/'$/ £ *

Outer margin of all the wings angulated about middle.
Pale brown, suffused with darker brown on primaries, espe-
cially towards base. Primaries have a purplish-brown curved
and recurved line on outer marginal area, the portions of the
outer margin below apex and above outer angle limited by
this line are whitish brown. Secondaries have a fuscous
transverse line, followed by a dusky shade before the middle
and a brownish diffuse line beyond — the latter is followed by
a series of blackish dots on the nervules ; submarginal line
purplish brown, very near to margin, and continued only
from abdominal margin to third median nervule; all the
wings have a black discal dot. Fringes pale brown, preceded
by a blackish line, which is dentate on primaries and sharply
so towards middle of secondaries. Under surface whitish,
with blackish discal dots : primaries have a diffuse dusky
subbasal band, a dusky band before the middle not extending
to inner margin, and an angulated series of blackish dots on
the nervules : secondaries have two interrupted dusky lines.

Expanse 34 millim.

Nine specimens from Gifu in Pryer's collection and one
taken by myself at Nagasaki in May.

Hob. Japan and Kiushiu.

Genus VENUSIA.
(Curtis, Brit. Ent. vi. pi. dcclix (1839).)

Venusia cambrica.

Venusia cambrica, Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. ccccxvi. : Meyrick, Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 75.
Venusia cambricaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 440.

One female specimen from Oiwake in Pryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe; Japan.

Venusia tchraria.

Venusia tchraria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 29, pi. iii fig- 32
(1893). ,

from China, Japan, and Oorea. 83

Four male specimens were received from Pu-tsu-fong and
one from Chow-pin-sa : June.

OberthuYs types were from Ta-chien-lu.
Hob. Western China.

Venusia kioudjrouaria.

Venusia kioudjrouaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 31, pi. iii.
fig. 46 (1893).

Oberthur describes this species from Ta-chien-lu. I have
four female specimens taken in the province of How-Kovv in
July.

Bab. Western China and Thibet.

Venusia laria.

Venusia lana, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 30, pi. iii. fig. 34
(1893).

Oberthiir's types were from Ta-chien-lu. My collectors
did not meet with the species.
Hob. Western China.

Venusia undularia, sp. n.

Primaries grey ; basal area with four serrated brownish-
grey transverse lines ; beyond the blackish discal spot there
are two undulated, serrated, brownish-grey lines, enclosing a
band of the same colour ; the nervules passing through this
band are marked with black, and there is a black bar on the
band above the third median branch ; submarginal line agrees
with the others in colour and contour, but increases in width
towards the costa ; between the last line and the outer margin
there is an indistinct dusky line. Secondaries whitish ; the
discal dot is placed on or near a dark grey transverse shade,
and there are four or five dark grey crenulated lines beyond.
Fringes whitish grey, preceded by a series of blackish dots.
Under surface of primaries fuscous, with the transverse lines
beyond the discal spot faintly shown; of secondaries as above.

Expanse, $ 30, ? 33 millim.

One example of each sex from Pu-tsu-fong, Western
China : June.

This species is allied to V. laria, Oberth.

Genus ASTHENA.
(Hiibn. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 417 (1895).)

Asthena candidata.

Geometra candidata, Schiff . S. V. p. 110 ; Hiibn. Geom. fig. 101.
Asthena candidata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 74.

6*

84 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

I received seven specimens, including both sexes, from
Chang-yang, taken in July, and I took the species at Ningpo
in April and at Gensan in June. My native collector obtained
it at Hakodate also in June.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Japan; Yesso ; Corea ;
Central and North-east China.

Astkena corcalina.

Asthena corculina, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 400 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 39, pi. 1. fig. 8 (1879).

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
I took the species at Nagasaki in May.
Hob. Japan and Kiushiu.

Asthena ochrifasciariaj sp. n.

White, with ochreous transverse markings. Median band
of primaries broad, bifurcate towards costa, its outer edge
sinuous and its termination on inner margin clouded with
blackish j this is preceded by three more or less curved
narrow bands ; outer marginal area traversed by a wavy
double line ; discal spot black. Secondaries with three ill-
defined wavy bands. Fringes silky white. Under surface
white ; basal two thirds of primaries suffused with ochreous
tinged with fuscous, limited by a darker sinuous line j outer
marginal area traversed by two interrupted bands, which are
intersected by the ochreous nervules : secondaries have four
ill-defined bands ; all the wings have a blackish discal dot.

Expanse 24 millim.

Six specimens, including both sexes, from Oiwake and
Yokohama, in Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Asthena albostrigaria.

Cidaria albostrigaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 85, pi. vii. fig. 13 ; Alph.

Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 79 (1892).
Cabera eliella, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 403 (1878) ; 111.

Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 43, pi, li. fig. 9 (1879).
Hydriomena albostrigaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 73.

Specimens in Fryer's collection from Nikko, Oiwake, and
Yesso.

I took the species at Gensan in July, and my native
collector at Hakodate in June and July. It appears to be
common in Western China. Alphe'raky records it from the
province of Kan-sou, taken in July.

Distribution. E. Siberia ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso ; Corea ;
Western China,

from China, Japan, and Corea. 85

Asthena plurilinearia.

Somatina plurilinearia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 645.
Acidalia unistirpis, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 51, pi. xxxvii. fig. 7

(1878) j Alph. Rom. sur L<§p. vi. p. 54 (1892).
Camptogramma unistirpis, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 54 (1880).
Asthena plurilinearia. Hampson. Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 417,

tig. 194 (1895).
Hydriomena plurilinearia, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 73.

There was a nice series from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
I obtained specimens at Gensan in July and at Hakodate in
August.

My collectors met with the species in all the localities in
Western China that they visited, and also at Chang-yang :
June and July. Alphdraky records it from the province of
Szechuen, taken in August.

In some of the specimens from Wa-shan and Che-tou the
white markings are very narrow, and there is an entire
absence of dark lines or patches.

Distribution. N.W.Himalayas; Sikhim ; Khasis (Hamp-
son) ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso ; Corea ; Askold ; Central and
Western China.

Asthena conditaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale brown, with darker transverse lines ; basal
area limited by a broad whitish band, which is elbowed below
costa ; between the central and outer marginal areas there is
a broad whitish band, interrupted above the middle ; a series
of submarginal white dots placed on the nervules, discal spot
black. Secondaries whitish, with traces of three waved
transverse lines, most distinct on abdominal area. Fringes
pale brown, chequered with darker. Under surface sordid
white ; basal two thirds of primaries suffused with fuscous ;
there is a pale brownish cloud before apex : secondaries have
the markings more pronounced.

Eight specimens from Ta-chien-lu : May and June.

Expanse 38 millim.

Hab. Western China.

Asthena (?) octomacularia, sp. n.

Silky white. Primaries have an irregular and diffuse
ochreous band beyond the middle, the inner edge limited by
an interrupted blackish line, which forms an 8-like mark
about the middle. Secondaries have the basal two thirds
ochreous, transversely interrupted by an ill-defined band of
the ground-colour; on the outer marginal area there is a

86 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

narrow ochreous wavy band and indications of a submarginal
line ; discal dot blackish. Fringes silky white, preceded by
three blackish dots towards apex. Under surface silky white :
primaries have three dusky lines, each angled below the
middle : secondaries have a minute discal dot and a dusky
central shade.

Expanse 26 millim.

A male specimen from Chang-yang, August.

Hob. Central China.

Genus ESCHATARCHIA.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 395 (1894).)

Eschatarchia lineata.
Eschatarchia lineata, Warren, I c.

I have been unable to see the type of this species, which
Warren describes from Japan.

Genus MINOA.

(Treit. Schm. vi. 2, p. 248 ; Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv.
p. 1048 (1862).)

Minoa murinata.

Phalcena murinata, Scop. Ent. Cam. p. 229 (1763).
Minoa euphorbiata, Treit. Schmett. vi. 2, p. 249 (1828).
Asthena murinata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 74.

One male specimen of the var. cyparissaria, Maun, from
Oiwake, in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe ; Japan.

Genus ZOLA.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 393 (1894).)

Zola terranea.

Ostola terranea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 441 (1879).
Zola terranea, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 393 (1894).

A fine series from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
Hob. Japan.

Genus PSEUDOSTEGANIA.

(Butler, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 416.)

Pseudostegania chrysidia.

Pseudostegania chrysidia, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 417.
I took two specimens at Gensan in July, and Mr. Smith

from China, Japan, and Cored* 87

one at Hakone in August. There was one example in
Fryer's collection, and I have received one from Mr. Manley,
of Yokohama.

Butler's type was from Tokio.

Hob. Japan and Corea.

Genus HASTINA.
(Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 260 (1888).)

Hastina azela.

Erosia azela, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 403 (1878) ; HI.
Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 42, pi. li. fig. 6 (1879).

A nice series from Ohoyama and Oiwake in Fryer's collec-
tion. I also received eight specimens from Mr. Manley, of
Yokohama.

Hob. Japan.

Genus STAMNODES.

(Guen. Phal. ii. p. 515 (1857).)

Stamnodes depeculata.

Cidaria depeculata, Led. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xiii. pp. 40, 50, pi. ii.

fig. 6, cJ (1870).

Hydnomena depeculata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 72.
Stamnodes depeculata, Led., var. thibetaria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xi.

p. 35, pi. vi. fig. 44 (1886).

Occurs in most of the localities in Western China visited
by my collectors.

Distribution. Armenia; Western China.

Genus CAMBOGIA.

(Guen. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 419 (1895).)

Cambogia pulchella.
Syria pulchella, Hampson, 111. Typ. Lep. Het. viii. p. 124, pi. cliii.

Cambogia pulchella, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 420 (1895).

One female specimen in Fryer's collection, probably from
Yokohama.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nilgiris (Hampson) ;
Japan.

Cambogia pictaria.

Emmeksia pictaria, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 267 (1887).

Cambogia pictaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, m. p. 420 (1895).

88 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

One female specimen, taken by my native collector at
Gensan in July.

Distribution. Sikhirn ; Khasis ; Ceylon (Hampson) ;
Corea.

Cambogia phcenicosoma.

Chrysocraspeda phcenicosoma, Swinhoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi.

p. 294 (1895).
Cambogia phcenicosoma, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iv. p. 561

(1896).

There were twelve specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's
collection.

The type was from Cherra Punji. In the Japanese
examples the band of primaries is paler than in typical
examples.

Distribution. Cherra Punji ; Japan.

Cambogia conspicuaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale purplish-brown, costa and marginal area
pale stramineous ; from the stramineous discal mark a
brownish line proceeds to inner margin, and beyond this
there are two leaden transverse wavy lines ; the purplish
portion of the wing is limited by a brownish bidentate line ;
submarginal line dusky. Secondaries pale purplish brown,
suffused with ochreous on basal two thirds ; pale stramineous
beyond and at extreme base ; there is a stramineous patch
with a bifurcate black mark en it near the centre of the wing,
and the purplish portion is traversed by .two brownish lines
and a pale one ; submarginal line dusky. Fringes whitish,
preceded by some brownish dots on the upper portion of the
outer margin of each wing. Under surface fuscous grey,
marginal areas whitish; limits of fuscous portion as above;
the primaries have a pale discal mark centred with black, and
the secondaries have a bifurcate black discal mark.

Expanse. 28 millim.

One female specimen from Omei-shan, July.

Eab. Western China.

Genus BAPTRIA.
(Hiibn. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 80.)

Baptria brephos.
Odezia brephos, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. ix. p. 22, pi. ii. fig. 3 (1884).

Occurred in all localities in Western China visited by my
collectors, and also at How-Kow and Chang-yang : June and
July.

from China, Japan, and Gorea. 89

The How-Kow specimens, two in number, are rather
paler than any of the others in the series ; the white band on
primaries is narrower and is traceable to inner margin.

Distribution. Central and Western China ; Thibet.

Baptria nigrilinearia, sp. n.

Primaries greyish brown, traversed by three blackish lines,
the first not well defined, the second interrupted below the
middle, the third angulated below costa and lobed at the
middle, thence wavy to inner margin ; the internal edge of
the third line is broadly bordered with blackish, and the
external edge bordered with whitish from costa to the lobe,
and thence with greyish brown to inner margin ; the area
beyond is blackish, traversed by a wavy pale submarginal
line, which unites with the third line at the lobe. Secondaries
reddish orange, with three transverse black lines, all of which
are interrupted towards costa ; submarginal line indicated by
a black spot on costa, and another, linear in shape, on abdo-
minal margin ; outer margin bordered with black. Fringes
chequered whitish and blackish. Under surface pale reddish
orange : primaries have the apex and outer margin black,
separated on the costal area from a black transverse elbowed
fascia by a short white band • on the basal half there are
indications of two black transverse lines : secondaries have
indications of two black lines on basal area, and beyond there
is a black angulated fascia j the outer margin is black and
between it and the fascia there is a short black bar from
abdominal margin.

Expanse 32 millim.

Two male specimens and one female from Omei-shan,
Western China : July.

Allied to B. brephos, Oberth.

Baptria discothyrata.

Erateina (?) discothyrata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 315, pi. vii.
fig. 21.

Poujade records one male specimen from Moupin. My
collectors did not meet with this species.
Hob. Western China.

Genus INUROIS.
(Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 445 (1879).)

Inurois tennis.

Inurois tennis, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 445 (1879).
There was a series from Yokohama in Pryer's collection.
llab. Japan.

90 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera ffeterocera

Inurois membranaria.

Anisopteryx membranaria, Christ. Bull. Mosc. Iv. 2, p. 73 (1881).
Erannis membranaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 81.

Of this species there was a series from Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. It is no. 509 of his catalogue. The male is
larger in size and paler in colour than the same sex of
/. tenuisj and the discal spot on all the wings is more con-
spicuous.

Distribution. Amur; Japan.

Genus ANISOPTERYX.
(Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 151 (1829).)

Anisopteryx primigena.

Pkthorarcha primigena, Staud., Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892,

p. 80.
Anisopteryx primigena, Staud. Deutsche entom. Zeitschr., Lep. vii.

p. 291 (1894).
Anisopteryx japonensis, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 374 (1894).

Two male specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

Meyrick, who erected the genus Phthorarcha for the species,
finds that primigena differs from the species included in
Anisopteryx, Steph. (Erannis, Hiibn., Meyrick), in being
destitute of the middle pair of spurs on hind tibiae and in
vein 5 of secondaries being wholly absent. In both my
specimens the fifth vein of secondaries is distinctly in evidence,
but the middle spurs are not present on hind tibia3.

Distribution. Samarkand; Japan.

Subfamily ACIDALIINJS.

Genus ACID ALIA.
(Treit. Eur. Schmett. v. 2, p. 438 (1825).)

Section I. (CKASPEDIA, Hampson).

Acidalia ornata.

Phalcena ornata, Scop. Ent. Carn. p. 219 (1763).

Leptomeris ornata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 89.

Craspedia ornata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 426 (1895).

Six specimens in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan.
The blotches on outer area of the wings are less distinct in
Japanese than in European specimens.

from China, Japan, and Gorea. 91

^ Acidalia propinquaria, sp. n.

White, dusted with brownish. All the wings have a
blackish discal dot and a brown central line ; outer marginal
area brownish, limited by a wavy blackish line and trans-
versely intersected by a wavy line of the ground-colour; this
line is rather diffuse above the middle and towards outer
angle. Fringes of the ground-colour preceded by a blackish
lunulated line. Under surface white, suffused with fuscous
on primaries, discal dot and outer line as above.

Expanse 25 millim.

Occurs at Moupin, Omei-shan, and in the province of Kwei-
chow ; also at Ichang and Chang-yang : June and July.

I took a female specimen at Gensan in July, and my native
collector four males at Ningpo in the same month.

There is an unnamed example of the species from Hong-
Kong in the National Collection at South Kensington.

Hob. Western, Central, and North-eastern China; Core

Acidalia satsumaria, sp. n.

White. Primaries have a faint fuscous band before the
middle, marked with blackish on the inner margin, and a
blackish angulated line beyond the middle; the latter be-
comes fuscous towards costa and is partly bordered outwardly
with pale ochreous brown and blackish. Secondaries have a
fuscous line beyond the middle, merging into black on abdo-
minal margin, and dusky central shade ; all the wings have a
black discal dot. Fringes pale greyish white, with some
fuscous dots at their base on primaries and towards outer
angle of secondaries. Under surface whitish, with the
markings of upper surface faintly reproduced.

Expanse 22 millim.

Two male specimens and one female taken by myself in
Satsuma, May 1886.

Hob. Kiushiu.

Superficially resembles A. trigeminata. Haw.

Acidalia acutaria, sp. n.

Outer margin of secondaries distinctly angled about the
middle.

Whity brown. Primaries have three transverse brownish
lines : the first is not clearly defined, but has three black dots
upon it ; the second is oblique, indented towards the costa
and again towards the inner margin ; the third has a black
mark upon it at inner margin and is dotted with black thence

92 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

to costa, where it is angled; submarginal line indistinct.
Secondaries have two transverse lines, the outer one dotted with
black ; submarginal line indistinct ; all the wings have a
black discal dot. Fringes slightly darker than the ground-
colour, preceded by black dots at the extremities of the
nervules. Under surface : primaries irrorated with fuscous
on basal half; second and third transverse lines distinct, the
third dotted with black, but without black mark upon it :
secondaries have the outer line as above, but the inner one is
indistinct ; discal spots as above.

Expanse 36-38 millim.

Four male specimens from Chang-yang and one example
from each of the following localities : — Ichang, Kwei-chovv,
and Omei-shan : June.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Acidalia bimaculariaj sp. n.

Whity brown. Primaries are traversed by five dusky
wavy lines ; the third of these passes through two dark brown
marks, one on the inner margin and the other above third
median nervule; the fourth and fifth lines are diffuse.
Secondaries are traversed by a dusky diffuse central line; a
wavy outer line and two dusky dentate bands beyond. All
the wings have a brownish discal dot, that of secondaries
placed on the central line. Fringes rather darker than the
ground-colour, and preceded by a series of black dots con-
nected by a fine dusky line. Under surface : primaries
suffused with dusky ; beyond the discal spot, which is linear,
there is a faint blackish line and indented band : secondaries
whitish, with a black discal dot and a blackish and wavy
submarginal line.

Expanse 36 millim.

One example of each sex from Chow-pin-sa and a pair
from Pu-tsu-fong : June.

Hob. Western China.

This species is closely allied to C. Walkeri, Butl.

17 Acidalia Walkeri.

Idcea Walkeri, Butl, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1883, p. 170,
Idcea extimaria, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 455, pi. cciv. fig. 5 (1887).
Craspedia Walkeri, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 427
(1895).

I have specimens from Moupin, Ta-chien-lu, Omei-shan,
Chang-yang, and Ichang : taken in June and July.

Distribution. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Khasis ; Shdn States
(Hampson) • Central and Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 93

i/ Acidalia rivularia, sp. n.

Pale brown, finely irrorated with blackish. Primaries
have three wavy dark transverse lines, the second diffuse
and the third blackish, outwardly bordered with fuscous ;
discal spot annular, fuscous. Secondaries have two dark
wavy transverse lines, the first diffuse and angled about the
middle, the second blackish and bordered as on primaries ;
discal spot black. Fringes rather darker than the ground-
colour and preceded by a series of black dots. Under surface
paler than above ; first line of primaries absent, but the other
transverse lines are present, although not so well defined
except as regards the outer blackish line on all the wings ;
discal spots black.

Expanse 40-42 millim.

Several specimens from Chang-yang and Moupin : July.

Hob. Central and Western China.

Acidalia proximaria, sp. n.

Pale whity brown. Primaries traversed by three darker
lines, the first curved, the second wavy, the third elbowed
below costa and edged inwardly with blackish above middle
and towards inner margin, the area beyond third line suffused
with greyish brown. Secondaries have two wavy transverse
lines, the area beyond the second line greyish brown ; all the
wings have a discal dot, that on secondaries blackish.
Fringes of the ground-colour, preceded by a blackish line.
Under surface whitish ; all the wings have two wavy dusky
lines ; basal area of primaries suffused with dusky.

Expanse 28 millim.

Three male specimens from Ichang, June and July.

Hob. Central China.

Somewhat similar to A. bimacularia, but much smaller;
the outer margin of secondaries is hardly angled, and there is
a central line on under surface of primaries.

Acidalia strigilaria.

Geometra strigilaria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 109.

Acidalia strigilata, Dup. L6p. viii. pi. clxxvii. fig. 1 ; Guen. Phal. i.

p. 507.

Leptomeris strigilaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 89.
Acidalia strigilaria, Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 54 (1892).

A common species in Japan j I captured it in various
places from April to August. There were specimens from
Yokohama in Fryer's collection. Occurs at Ningpo, Gensan,
the island of Kiushiu, and at most of the places in China

94 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

visited by my collectors. Alpheraky records two specimens
from the province of Kan-sou, taken in July.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan ; Kiushiu ; Corea ;
Central, Western, and Northern China.

Acidalia modicaria, sp. n.

Somewhat similar to A. strigilaria, Hiibn., but the oblique
line of primaries terminates on the inner margin beyond the
middle, and the outer marginal area of all the wings is dusky
and is traversed by a conspicuous pale wavy line. The
outer margins of secondaries are less angled.

Expanse 32 millim.

I took a male specimen at Foochau in April and have
received one example of each sex from Omei-shan, taken in
July, and a male from Kwei-chow, taken in August.

Hob. Eastern and Western China.

v/ Acidalia falsaria,) sp. n.

Whitish, powdered with greyish. Primaries have an
indistinct discal dot and three transverse greyish-brown bands ;
the first is narrow, stibbasal, and does not extend to costa, the
second is angulated below costa, and the third is preceded by a
darker wavy line and followed by a whitish one. Secondaries
marked similar to the primaries, but the black discal dot is on
the first band, which appears to be a continuation of the
second of primaries. Fringes greyish, preceded by a blackish
line. Under surface whitish, tinged with dusky on primaries ;
all the wings have a dusky submarginal line and obscure
discal dot.

Expanse 32 millim.

I have specimens of this species from Ta-chien-lu, Chia-
ting-fu, Pu-tsu-fong, and Chow-pin-sa : they were taken in
June and July.

Hab. Western China.

Allied to A. strigilaria, Hiibn.

<- Acidalia remotata.

Acidalia remotata, Guen. Phal. i. p. 458 (1857).

Acidalia attentata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxii. p. 754 (1861).

Acidalia abscomditaria, Walk, op, cit. xxiii. p. 757 (1861) ; Butl. 111.

Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 40, pi. 1. fig. 12 (1879).
Craspedia remotata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 433

(1895).

This species occurred throughout the region here dealt with
from April to September.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 95

There is considerable variation in expanse, colour, and
markings ; the various forms are connected by intergrades.

Distribution. Formosa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Andamans ; Borneo (Hampsori) ; China ; Japan ;
Corea.

A cidalia fumata.

Acidalia famata, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii. p. 312 (1835).
Leptomeris fumata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 89.

One female specimen in Fryer's collection appears to be
referable to this species.

Grseser (Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 389) records the species
from Amurland.

Distribution. Europe j Amur ; Japan.

Acidalia remutaria.

Geometra remutaria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 98.

Leptomeris remutaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 89.

One female specimen in Fryer's collection.
Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Japan.

i^ Acidalia arenaria, sp. n.

Pale sandy brown, sparingly dusted with fuscous. Pri-
maries have three transverse lines similar to those of A. remu-
taria, but they are less wavy and the first is placed midway
between the base of the wing arid the second line. Second-
aries have two transverse lines. Fringes silky, preceded by
a thin dusky line, upon which there is a black spot (some-
times two spots) just below apex. Under surface similar to
that of A. remutaria, but the markings, especially on the
secondaries, are less distinct.

Expanse 21-28 millim.

I took this species at Ningpo in April and at Nagasaki in
May ; my native collector obtained it at Grensan in July and
also in the island of Kiushiu.

Several specimens received from Chang-yang, June.

Allied to A. remutaria, but the outer margin of primaries
is rounder.

Distribution. Central and Northern China ; Kiushiu ;
Corea.

Acidalia Becker aria.

Acidalia Becker aria. Led. Gen. p. 94 (1853) ; Alph. Horn, sur L<§p. vi.
p. 54 (1892).

Alphe'raky records a male specimen from Yan-mine-Guagne,
in the province of Chan- Si, captured in June.

Distribution. Western and Central Asia ; Western China.

96 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Acidalia nemoraria.

Acidalia nemoraria, Hiibn., var. ?; Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 54
(1892).

Alpheraky records a male specimen from Ou-pin in the
province of Kan-sou : July. He states that the wings are
very white, and that the ochreous bands are more distinct,
especially on the secondaries, than in the European type.

Distribution. Central and Eastern Europe ; Amur j
Western China.

Acidalia nivearia, sp. n.

Male. — White. Primaries have three oblique pale ochreous
transverse lines ; the first of these is not well defined, but
the second and third are parallel and near together ; the costa
of primaries and outer marginal area of all the wings sparingly
sprinkled with minute black specks (only discernible under a
lens). Secondaries have two almost parallel pale ochreous
transverse lines and a black discal dot. Under surface white :
primaries suffused with fuscous on costal portion of basal half;
parallel transverse lines pale brown : secondaries have a pale
brown transverse line beyond the middle and a minute black
discal dot.

Female. — White, with minute black specks on costa of
primaries and outer marginal area of all the wings as in the
male ; the wings appear to be without transverse markings.

Expanse, <$ 22, 9 18 millim.

One example of each sex in Fryer's collection.

Hab. Japan.

Acidalia strigaria.

Geometra strigaria, Hiibn. Geom. pi. xviii. fig. 95.

Acidalia strigaria, Guen. Plial. i. p. 497.

Leptomeris strigaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 89.

There were some specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collec-
tion, and I took a nice series at Gensan in June and July.
Distribution. Europe; Amur; Corea; Japan.

^Acidalia major aria, sp. n.

Male. — Allied to A. umbelaria, Hiibn. Whitish, powdered
with fuscous scales. Primaries have four pale brown trans-
verse lines, the first of which is elbowed below costa, the
second is oblique, the third and fourth (which are near to-
gether) are oblique and slightly wavy. Secondaries have
three transverse lines, which appear to be continuations of
the second, third, and fourth of primaries. Fringes whitish,

from China, Japan, and Corea. 97

silky and rather long. Under surface whitish : primaries
heavily powdered with fuscous except on inner margin; costa
tinged with ochreous ; second, third, and fourth transverse
lines indicated : secondaries sparingly powdered with fuscous,
transverse lines hardly indicated ; discal dot sometimes
present, but never clearly defined.

Female. — Transverse lines rather broader and more distinct,
otherwise agreeing with the male.

Expanse 40-42 millim.

Seven male specimens and two females from Oiwake in
Fryer's collection.

Hob. Japan.

Acidalia umbelaria.

Geometra umbelaria, Hiibn. Geom. figs. 437, 438.

Leptomeris umbelaria, Hiibn. Verz. Schinett. p. 310 ; Meyrick, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lend. 1892, p. 89.
Acidalia umbe/aria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 502 ; Alph. Rom. sur L6p. vi.

p. 54 (1892).

Five male specimens from Ta-chien-lu and two females
from Moupin, taken in June. Alphe*raky records two speci-
mens from Yan-mine-Guagne in the province of Chan-Si,
taken in June.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Amur; Western China.

Acidalia sedataria, sp. n.

Male. — White. Primaries have three brownish-grey oblique
transverse lines, one before and two beyond the middle.
Secondaries also have three transverse lines, the first and
second appearing to be continuations of the second and third
of primaries. Under surface white : primaries suffused and
dusted with fuscous on basal two thirds, and with two parallel
fuscous transverse lines beyond the middle : secondaries have
one fuscous transverse line beyond the middle ; all the wings
have a minute black discal dot.

Female. — Powdered and slightly suffused with brownish
grey, and the transverse lines are diffuse.

Expanse, 6 32, £ 28 millim.

Allied to A. umbelaria.

Five male specimens and one female from Ta-chien-lu, one
male from Chia-ting-fu and one from Pu-tsu-fong : June.

Hob. Western China.

Acidalia pudicaria.

Cabera pudicaria, Motsch. Bull. Mosc. 1860, p. 36.
There was a series from Oiwake and Yokohama in Pryer's
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xx. 7

98 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

collection. I obtained the species at Gensan in July, and my
native collector took specimens at Hakodate in the same
month.

I have received examples from Chang-yang and Chia-kou-
ho.

Distribution. Amur; Japan; Yesso ; Corea; Central and
Western China.

is Acidalia superior.
Asthena superior, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 39, pi. 1. fig. 9 (1879).

A series from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's collection.

I captured specimens at Ningpo in April, at Tsuruga and
Gensan in July. My native collector took the species at
Ningpo in June and also in the isle of Kiushiu. I have
received specimens from Chang-yang, Ichang, and Omei-
shan, where they were taken in June and August.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu; Corea; Central, Western,
and Northern China.

t^ Acidalia nupta.

Asthena nupta, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 401 (1878) ; 111.
Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 39, pi. 1. fig. 6 (1879).

There were some specimens in Fryer's collection. I
obtained the species at Fusan in June, and my native collector
met with it in the island of Kiushiu.

Distribution. Japan, Kiushiu, and Corea.

i/ Acidalia pulveraria, sp. n.

White, powdered with greyish. Primaries have an oblique
dusky diffuse line just beyond the middle and a more distinct
dusky waved line parallel with the outer margin ; the space
between these lines is less powdered with greyish than the
rest of the wing; submarginal line white arid wavy. Second-
aries with markings as on primaries. Fringes greyish, pre-
ceded by an interrupted blackish line. Under surface
whitish : primaries suffused with fuscous, except on inner
and outer margin, dusky lines as above : secondaries have a
black discal dot and an obscure dusky transverse line beyond
the middle.

Expanse 22-30 millim.

One example of each sex from the island of Kiushiu, taken
in June, and I took seven specimens in Satsuma in May.
There were two males in Fryer's collection.

Uab. Japan and Kiushiu.

Allied to A. (Idcea) peralba, Swinh.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 99

V Acidalia marcidaria^ sp. n.

Whitish. Primaries suffused with pale ochreous brown on
basal half; beyond the middle there is a wavy transverse
line limiting the outer marginal area, which is ochreous
brown, traversed by an interrupted band of the ground-colour.
Secondaries have subbasal and median ochreous-brown bands ;
outer marginal area as on primaries. All the wings have a
black discal dot. Fringes rather paler than the markings,
preceded by wavy whitish line. Under surface whitish :
primaries freckled and suffused with fuscous on basal and
outer marginal areas ; there is a dusky, wavy, transverse line
beyond the middle, which is continued on the secondaries.

Expanse 28-33 millim.

Five male specimens and one female from Wa-shan, three
males from Chia-ting-fu and one from Ta-chien-lu : June
and July.

Hab. Western China.

In some examples the basal area of primaries is limited by
a darker line and in others the wing is not suffused within
this line.

s Acidalia lutearia, sp. n.

Pale ochreous, finely powdered with fuscous. Primaries
have a subbasal and two median wavy dusky lines, the space
between the latter not powdered with fuscous ; submarginal
band wavy, of the ground-colour, free from fuscous powdering.
Secondaries with lines and bands similar to those of primaries.
Fringes of the ground-colour, with some black dots at their
base towards apex of primaries. Under surface whitish :
primaries have the outer third fuscous grey, limited by a
serrated darker line, and traversed by a wavy pale band ;
there is a central transverse fuscous-grey shade, enclosing the
pale-ringed black discal dot : secondaries have an obscure
transverse subbasal band, a dark wavy central line, and an
ill-detined dusky submarginal band ; fringes of all the wings
pale brown, preceded by a series of black dots.

Expanse 3i millim.

Eight male specimens and one female from Ichang and
Chang-yaug: June.

Hab. Central China.

^/ Acidalia confusa.

Asthena confusa, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 400 (1878) ; 111.
Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 39, pi. 1. tig. 7 (1879).

I took this species at Nagasaki and in Satsuma in May;

7*

100 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

my native collector obtained it at Gensan in July, and also at
Nikko and in the island of Kiushiu. There was a specimen
from Oiwake in Fryer's collection, and I have received one
from Mr. Manley taken at Yokohama. The latter locality is
also given for the species by Pryer in his i Catalogue.'
Distribution. Japan ; Kiushiu ; Corea.

Acidalia plumbearia.
Acidalia plumbearia, Leech, Entorn., Suppl. p. 55 (May 1891).

I took a male specimen in Satsuma in May and a female
specimen at Nagasaki in June.
Hab. Kiushiu.

Acidalia mendicaria^ sp. n.

Leaden grey. Primaries have three more or less wavy
darker transverse lines; submarginal line paler; all the
wings have a dusky discal mark. Fringes rather paler than
the ground-colour. Under surface paler than above, the only
maiking is an indistinct dusky submarginal line on each wing.
Antennas fasciculate, vertex of head conspicuously white.

Expanse 33 millim.

One male and two female specimens from Chang-yang and
one male from Moupin : July.

Hab. Central and Western China.

Allied to A. plumb ear ia and also to A. (C.) mecysma, Swinh.

Acidalia centrofasciaria, sp. n.

Pale ochreous brown. Primaries have two transverse lines
and a median band ; the inner line dusky, angulated below
the middle ; outer line wavy, pale ferruginous ; the median
band is diffuse and purplish brown in colour, this band and
also outer line are continued on the secondaries ; all the wings
have a blackish discal spot, obscured by the band on second-
aries. Under surface paler than above, with all markings
faintly reproduced, and the costal portion of basal area of
primaries tinged with purplish grey.

Expanse 32 millim.

One female specimen from Chang-yang, June.

Hab. Central China.

Acidalia farinaria, sp. n.

Whitish, irrorated with greyish brown. Primaries have
three and the secondaries two wavy, dusky, transverse lines ;
all the wings have an indistinct discal dot and whitish sub-

from China, Japan, and Corea. 101

marginal line. Fringes whitish, preceded by a series of
small blackish lunules. Under surface whitish : the primaries
are suffused with greyish brown and are traversed by two
dusky wavy lines beyond the discal mark : the secondaries
also have two transverse lines, but the inner one is not well
defined.

Expanse 32 millim.

One female specimen from Chia-ting-fu, July.

Hab. Western China.

Acidalia gnophosaria, sp. n.

Primaries pale ochreous brown, traversed by three wavy
fuscous lines, each expanding into a blotch on costa ; the
marginal area beyond the third line is leaden grey, traversed
by an undulated pale band. Secondaries leaden grey, heavily
powdered with fuscous and traversed by two dusky lines ;
outer marginal area as on primaries. All the wings have a
black discal dot. Fringes pale ochreous brown, preceded by
a black lunulated line. Abdomen fuscous, ringed with pale
brown. Under surface leaden grey ; fringes pale brown.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from How-lvow, Thibet : July.

Allied to A. rnaryinepunctaria from Europe.

^ Acidalia hanna.

AcidaHa hanna, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 401 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 40, pi. 1. fig. 11 (1879).

There were specimens in Fryer's collection. I obtained
two examples at Ftisan in June.
Hab. Japan and Corea.

i^ Acidalia imper sonata.
Acidalia impersonata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 758 (1861).

There were some specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. I took the species in Satsuma and at Nagasaki
in May and at Gensan in July, and I have received specimens
taken in August at Ichang. " China " is the locality given
by Walker for the type.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu; Corea; Central and Northern
China.

• Acidalia infuscaria, sp. n.

Male. — Dusky brown. Primaries have four darker trans-
verse wavy lines, the third and fourth outwardly bordered
with paler. Secondaries have transverse lines as on pri-

102 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

maries. Under surface similar to above, but suffused with
fuscous.

Expanse 24 millim.

Female. — Pale ochreous brown, transverse lines indistinct.

Allied to A. rubiginata, Hufn.

Several specimens in Fryer's collection, some of which are
from Yesso ; my collector obtained one female at Ningpo in
July. I received one male from Chang-yang, taken in June.

One of the Japanese examples is almost unicolorous dark
brown, with a slight purple tinge.

Distribution. Japan ; Yesso ; North and Central China.

Acidalia obfuscaria, sp. n.

Fuliginous brown on both surfaces, with rather lighter
fringes ; all the wings have faint traces of darker transverse
lines beyond the middle. Body agrees with the wings in
colour, but the tip of the abdomen is lighter.

Expanse 24 millim.

Two male specimens taken by my native collector at Ningpo
in June.

Hob. North-eastern China.

^ Acidalia teclaria, sp. n.

Pale ochreous. Primaries have three and the secondaries
two slightly darker irregular transverse lines. Fringes silky.
Under surface : primaries pale ochreous, with lines of upper
surface indicated : secondaries paler, with two obscure trans-
verse lines.

Expanse 24-28 millim.

Ten specimens, mostly males, from Chang-yang : June. I
obtained two examples at Gensari in July.

Distribution. Central China; Corea.

<•/ Acidalia cineraria, sp. n.

Ashy grey, powdered with davk grey. Primaries have
three transverse dark grey bands ; the first is narrow and
indented before reaching inner margin, the second is waved
and broad below the blackish discal spot, the third is broad,
wavy, and limited inwardly by a blackish line. Secondaries
have a dark grey band before the blackish discal spot, and
another, preceded by a blackish line, beyond; the first is
angled about the middle and the second is dentate on its outer
edge. Fringes of the ground-colour preceded by an inter-
rupted black line. Under surface whitish grey, suffused with
darker grey on basal and outer marginal areas.

Expanse 24-26 millim.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 103

The first and second bands of primaries are not always
clearly defined, and in some specimens the markings are
almost obsolete.

I took a series at Nagasaki and in Satsuma in May and a
single example at Fusan in Jane, and one at Gensan. I have
also received the species from Yokohama, taken by Mr. Manley.

Allied to A. accurataria, Christ.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu; Corea.

t^ Acidalia macescens.
Acidalia macescens, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 439 (1879).

A series from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
I obtained the species at Nagasaki and in Satsuma in May.
My native collector took specimens at Gensan in July, and I
have received others from Chang-yang, captured in June and
July, and from Ichang, taken in August.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu; Corea; Central China.

L- Acidalia emissaria.

Acidalia emissaria, Walk. Oat. Lep. Het. xxii. p. 751 (1861).
Lycauges luctea, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 373 (1879).
Craspedia emissaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 435
(1895).

I obtained this species at Foochau and Ningpo in April,
and there was a series of specimens from Yokohama in
Fryer's collection.

Distribution. Dharmsala ; Moulmein ; Ganjam (Hampson);
Japan ; Northern China.

^ Acidalia steganioides.

Acidalia steganioides, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 51, pi. xxxvii.

tig. 8 (1878).

There was a fine series from Yokohama in Fryer's collec-
tion ; I met with specimens at Gensan in July, and my
native collector obtained the species in the island of Kiushiu.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu ; Corea.

Some examples are almost uniformly dark brown, with
the markings obsolescent.

Acidalia (?) tchratchraria.

Acidalia tchratchraria, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xviii. p. 32, pi. iv.
fig. CO (1893).

Oberthiir's type was from Tsl-Tsien-Lou. My collectors
did not meet with the species.
Hob. Western China.

104 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Section II. (Eois, Meyrick).

Acidalia muricata.

Phalcena muricata, Hufn. Berl. Mag. iv. p. 606 (1769) ; Rott. Naturf.

xi. p. 81.
Geometra auroraria, Bork. Eur. Schmett. v. p. 477 (1794) ; Hiibn. Geom.

ficr. 63.

Euis muricata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 87.

There was a nice series from Yokohama, Oiwake, and
Nikko in Pryer's collection. I took the species in Satsuma
in May and at Fusan in June. I have also received specimens
from Chang-yang and Ichang, where they were taken in June
and August.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Japan; Kiushiu; Corea ;
Central China.

Acidalia sinicata.

Hyria sinicata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxii. p. 668 (1861) ; Butl. 111.
Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 41, pi. li. fig. 3 (1879).

Walker describes this species from " China (T. Laye)" but
the exact locality is not indicated.

Acidalia contiguaria.

Geometra contiguaria, Hiibn. Geom. pi. xx. fig. 105.

Acidalia contiguaria, Dup. Lep. v. 59, pi. clxxiv. tig. 1.

.£025 contiguaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 87.

This species occurs in Corea and at Chang-yang and Chow-
pin-sa.

Distribution. Europe ; Corea ; Central and Western
China.

^ Acidalia impexa.
Acidalia impeva, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 438 (1879).

There was a nice series from Yokohama in Pryer's collec-
tion. I obtained the species in Satsuma in May and my
native collector at Gensan in July.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu; Corea.

Acidalia latimarginata.
Eois latimarginata , Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 95 (1895).

One specimen from Ichang, June.
Warren's type is recorded from Japan.
Distribution. Japan; Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 105

Acidalia roseoh'mbata.

Acidalia roseolimbata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 310, pi. vi.
fig. 9.

Poujade's type was from Moupin. I have received speci-
mens from "Wa-shan, Ni-tou, Ta-chien-lu, and Pu-tsu-fong,
taken in June and July.

Hab. Western China.

^ Acidalia jalcima.

Acidalia jakima, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 401 (1878);
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 40, pi. 1. fig. 10 (1879).

Specimens in Pryer's collection. I have received examples
from Yokohama, Gensan, and Chang-yang.

Yar. obliteraria, nov.

Transverse lines on upper surface obsolete, outer margins
bordered with rosy ; on the under surface the transverse lines
are as in type, but less clearly defined.

One female specimen taken by myself in Satsuma, May.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu; Corea ; Central China.

^ Acidalia fasdata.

Acidalia fosdata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 439 (1879).
Acidalia salutaria, Christ, Bull. Muse. Iv. (2) p. 51 (1881).
Eois salutaria, Meyvick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1892, p. 87.

Several specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in Pryer's
collection, i took the species at Shimonoseki and Tsuruga
in July, and have received it from Ichang, where it was
taken in August, and also from Gensan and .Hakodate.

Distribution. Amur ; Japan ; Yesso ; Corea j Central
China.

Acidalia promiscuaria, sp. n.

Whitish, powdered on costal area with darker, and faintly
iridescent. All the wings have a dusky central band, but
this is not well defined, and there are other transverse
markings beyond, but these are still more obscure. Under
surface coloured as above : primaries have a dusky discal
mark.

Expanse 28 millim.

I obtained a female specimen at Fusan in June.

Hab. Corea.

106 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Acidalia obtectaria, sp. n.

Pale ochreous, with irregular darker transverse markings,
a band beyond middle of primaries being* the most promi-
nent. Fringes of the ground-colour. Under surface paler
than above and the markings more obscure.

Expanse 19-21 millim.

Allied to A. bisetata, Hufn., but more ochreous in colour,
and the markings more confused.

Five specimens in Fryer's collection.

Both sexes are represented, but the above description is
taken from a female example, as it is in better condition than
the other specimens.

Hob. Japan.

Acidalia bisetata.

Phalana bisetata, Hufn. Berl. Ma?, iv. 618 (1769).

Geometra bisetata, Bork. v. 524 (1794).

Acidalia bisetata, Guen. Phal. i. p. 462 (1857).

Eois bisetata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 87.

Several specimens from Oiwake and Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. I obtained the species at Ningpo in April, at
Nagasaki in May, and my native collector at Grensan in July.

Specimens were received from Chang-yang and Moupin,
taken in July.

Distribution. Europe ; E. Siberia ; Amur ; Kiushiu ;
Corea; Central, Western, and North-eastern China,

i/ Acidalia auricruda.

Asthena auricruda. Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 438
(1879).

A series in Fryer's collection from Nikko and Yesso.
My native collector obtained examples at Gensan in July.
Hob. Japan, Yesso, and Corea.

^ Acidalia invalida.
Acidalia invalida, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 439 (1879).

Specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
1 took the species at Fusan in June, and I have received
it from Chang-yang.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Central China.

Genus CHRYSOCRASPEDA.
(Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 443 (1895).)

Chrysocraspeda proximaria, sp. n.
Pale buff. Primaries have a black discal dot, with a dusky

from China , Japan , and Corea. 107

cloud below it and a blackish, dotted, curved, and recurved
line beyond the middle; the costa is edged with purplish
brown. Secondaries have a black discal dot and a curved
series of blackish dots beyond the middle. Fringes darker
brown, preceded by a rather broad purplish-brown line.
Under surface slightly paler than above; transverse lines
more distinct ; line before fringes narrower and paler.

Expanse 25 millim.

Two male specimens from Moupin, July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to C. (Hyria) marginata, Swinh., but larger, and the
primaries are more pointed.

Genus NINODES.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 465 (1894).)

Ninodes splendens.

Ephi/ra splendens, But!. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 51, pi. xxxvii. tig. 1

(1878).
Ninodes splendens, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 465 (1894).

A very fine series from 01 wake and Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. I obtained the species at Nagasaki in May, and
have received it from Ichang and Ta-chien-lu.

Distribution. Japan ; Kiushiu ; Central and Western China.

Genus EPHYRA.

(Dup. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 445 (1895).)

Ephyra brunnearia^ sp. n.

Pale brown, with a slight vinous tinge on the outer
marginal area of all the wings. Primaries have a subbasal
line indicated by black dots on the nervures ; a dusky curved
and recurved central band and a wavy submarginal line, also
dusky and dotted with black on the neuration ; discal spot
brownish. Secondaries have a white discal spot encircled
with black and seated on a dusky transverse band ; submar-
ginal line as on primaries. Fringes concolorous with the
wings and finely dotted with black at ends of the nervules.
Under surface similar to above, but the discal spot of primaries
has a pale centre and that of the secondaries is less distinct.

Expanse 34-36 millim.

Five male specimens and one female from Chow-pin-sa,
Wa-ssu-kow, Ni-tou, Kia-ting-fu : June.

Hab. Western China.

108 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera
Genus TANAOTRICHIA.

(Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 361.)

Tanaotrichia trilineata.

Tanaotrichia trilineata, Warr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 361,
pi. xxxii. fig. 2.

One male specimen from Che-tou, taken in July or August.
Distribution. Western China; Sikhim.
Hampson considers this to be a form of Erythrolophua
prasonariuSj Swinh. (Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 455).

Genus RHODOSTROPHIA.
(Hiibn. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 455 (1895).)

Rhodostrophia pelloniaria.

Phyletis pelloniaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 169 (1857).
Rhodostrophia pelloniaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii.
p. 4515 (1895).

Several specimens from Pu-tsu-fong and Chow-pin-sa,
taken in June.

Distribution. Murree ; Thundidni ; Khakis (Hampson) ;
Western China.

Rhodostrophia vinacearia.

Anisodes (?) vinacearia, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 642.
Bhodoitrophia stigmatica, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vii. p. 110,

pi. cxxxvi. figs. 19, 20 (1889).
Rhodostrophia vinacearia, Hanipson, Fauna Brit. Ind.; Moths, iii. p. 455

(1895).

Several specimens received from Chang-yang and Moupin.
Distribution. Murree ; Dharms&la ; Sikhim ; Kh&sis
(Hampson) ; Central and Western China.

Rhodostrophia philolaches.

Gnophos philolaches, Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. xv. p. 22, pi. iii. fig. 26

(1891).
Eusarca tibetaria, Staud. Iris, viii. p. 231 (1895).

A long series, comprising both sexes, from Ta-chien-lu,
one example from Moupin, and one from Ni-tou : June and
July.

Hob. Western China and Thibet.

Rhodostrophia (?) sinuosariaj sp. n.

Whity brown. Primaries have a thin, curved, blackish
subbasal line, spotted with black below costa and on the

from China , Japany and Corea. 109

median and submedian nervures ; a triangular black discal
spot and a sinuous black line, dotted with black on the vena-
tion, beyond ; sub marginal line pale, wavy, but not clearly
defined. Secondaries have a black discal dot and a dotted
sinuous line beyond; this line is bordered outwardly with
fuscous, as also is the corresponding line on primaries.
Fringes of the ground-colour preceded by a series of black
dots. Under surface whity brown : primaries suffused with
fuscous from base to just beyond the linear discal spot;
transverse lines on all the wings as above, but fainter, espe-
cially on primaries.

Expanse 42 millim.

Two male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong : June.

Hab. Western China.

Genus TIMANDRA.
(Dup. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 458 (1895).)

Timandra amataria.

Geometra amata, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 524 (1758).

Calothysanis amataria, Hiibn. Verz. Schinett. p. 311 ; Meyrick, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 91.
Timandra amataria, Dup. Le"p. vii. pi. cxlviii. fig. 3; Hampson, Fauna

Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 4o8 (189o).
Timandra compf.aria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1615 ; Butl. 111.

Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pi. li. tig. 2 (1879).

Very variable and generally distributed throughout Japan.
The species was also met with by my collectors in most of
the localities that they visited in Central and Western China.

Distribution. Europe and Eastern Asia.

Timandra extremaria.

Timandra extremaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 811 (1861) ; Butl.
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pi. li. fig. 1 (1879).

This species appears to be generally distributed in Central
and Western China. It also occurs at Ningpo.

The specimens in my series range in expanse from
34 millim. to 44 millim. and exhibit a good deal of variation
in the width of the oblique line.

Hab. China.

Genus PKOBLEPSIS.

(Led. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 461 (1895).)
Problepsis delphiaria.

Argyris delphiaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 14 (1857).

Problepsis delphiaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 462
(1895).

110 On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China &c.

One example from Moupin, Western China : July.
Distribution. Hong Kong ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma (Hampson) ; Western China.

Problepsis deliaria.

Argyris deliaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 33 (1857).

Problepsis deliaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 462 (1895).

I took a male specimen in May in Satsuma and have
received other specimens of the species from Chang-yang and
Kiukiang, Chia-ting-fu, the province of Kwei-chow, and also
from Ningpo.

Distribution. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma
(Hampson) ; China and Kiushiu.

Problepsis superans.

Argyris superans, Butl. Cist. Ent. iii. p. 122 (1885).
Problepsis discophora, Fixaen, Rom. sur L<5p. iii. p. 348, pi. xv. fig. 4
(1887).

There was a female specimen from Yesso in Fryer's collec-
tion, I took a female at Gensan in July, and have received
specimens from Kia-ting-fu, Omei-shan, and Chang-yang.

Independent of other differences, this species may be at
once separated from P. deliaria, Guen., by the space between
the antennas being white. In expanse it ranges from 40 to
60 millim.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Western and Central China.

Genus DITHALAMA.

(Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) ii. p. 840 (1887);
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. &0.)

Dithalama indicataria.

Argyris indicataria, Walk. Cat, Lep. Het. xxiii. p. 809 (1861) ; Butl.

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 43, pi. Ii. fig. 8 (1879).
Dithalama indicataria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 91.

This species seems to occur throughout Japan from May to
July. I also met with it at Gensan in June.

I have received it from Ichang and Chang-yang, and
Walker records it from North China.

Distribution. Amur; Corea; Japan; Kiushiu; Central
and Northern China.

[To be continued.]
Errata (Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xix.).

Pp. 188, 189, for Oberthiiria (nom. preoc.) read Parabraxas.
P. 646,ybr Genus Emmecosmia read Genus Emmesomia, and for JEmme-
ctjsmia bilinearia, sp. n., read Emmesomia parallelaria, sp. n.

On new Species of Rhopalocera from Burma. Ill

IX. — On new Species of Rhopalocera from Toungoo, Burma,
and the Battak Mountains in Sumatra. By Major J. M.
FAWCETT.

Ragadia simplex, sp. n.

Uab. Battak Mountains, Sumatra : June 1896.

Description. — Male. Upperside pale fuliginous brown,
crossed by two darker fuscous bands running parallel to one
another from the costa of the fore wing to the inner margin
of the hind wing, the outer being much broadened on the
hind wing. There is afso a shorter band proximal to the
body, which, starting parallel to the others on the fore wing
costa, ends at the origin of the submedian of the fore wing.

From the apex of the fore wing to the inner angle of the
hind wing runs a submarginal row of small indistinct fuscous
spots, one in each interspace. The wing-margins are nar-
rowly fuscous, the colour being bounded by a narrow sub-
marginal band looped on the fore wing and on the hind wing
parallel to the margin.

Underside similar in markings to the upper, but the
ground-colour pale buff and the row of spots silver instead of
fuscous.

The antennas, head, thorax, abdomen, and legs like those of
R. crisfaj Htibner, from which this species differs in its
generally pale ground-colour, and in the ocellate band of
crisia being reduced to mere pupils of silver below and fuscous
above.

Cynthia circe, sp. n.

Hob. Toungoo, Burma (March to June) ; Beeling, Te-
nasserim.

Description. — The species is allied to C. erota, Fabr., and
pura, Swinhoe, from Cherra Punji. The male has exactly
the colour of that sex" of pura, Swinhoe, and only differs in
the greater irregularity of the dark line crossing the wings
from the middle of the costa of the fore wings to the anal
angle of the hind wings and in the slightly more produced
tail at the third median vein of the hind wings. The dark
wing-markings tend to be a little more distinct,

Female. Upperside differs from that sex of C. erota in the
white band of both wings being much broader, extending
decreasingly in breadth to the anal angle of the hind wing,
and the submarginal area beyond the white band being golden

112 On new Species of Rhopalocera from Burma.

brown instead of bluish fuscous. Underside no purple
suffusion.

A character common to both sexes is the almost complete
absence of the discal zigzag fuscous fascia which crosses the
middle of both wings in typical C. erota, the white band in
the female and the lighter band in the male of Cynthia circe
being almost immaculate. I have a series of males from
Burma which present absolutely no variation in the characters
described above, and I possess but one female from Toungoo,
Burma, which is exactly matched by a female in the British
Museum from Beeling, Tenasserim. If the C. asela of
Moore, from Ceylon, is recognized as a species distinct from
C. erota (Fabricius), this species rmist also be regarded as
distinct, as the Ceylon form is much nearer (7. erota (typical)
in both sexes.

Charaxes ajax, sp. n.

flab. Battak Mountains, Sumatra : June, July.

Description. — Male. Allied to C. corax, Felder, from which
it differs in the ground-colour of upper and underside being
darker, the outer black band on the upperside of the fore wing-
being slightly broader and extending broadly black to the
anal angle of the fore wing, its inner edge straighter, as the
crescentic markings are clearly detached in the intermedian
spaces ; two fulvous spots, the upper displaced outwards
between the radial, and the lower in the following interspace,
continuing the series of fulvous lunules formed by the black
crescents and the border.

The submarginal black spots on the hind wing are larger
and more triangular, their inner edges irrorated with black
atoms, and the first four from the anal angle tipped with a
minute white spot. The underside is of a rich glaucous colour,
in some lights inclining to purplish, much darker than any
corax, more resembling some of the darker specimens of baya,
Moore. The light violaceous antemarginal line is present in
the fore wing, and within it are indistinct greenish lunules.
In the hind wing a broad antemarginal band of olivaceous
green, sinuated in each interspace, is bounded anteriorly by a
narrow brownish border.

The disk is crossed by the usual dark lines, the outermost
bounded by olivaceous green irrorations, which are wanting
in corax.

• Poritia geta, sp. n.

Hob. Toungoo, Burma : March.

Description. — Male. Allied to P. pleurata, Hew., and

Mr. 0. Thomas on a new Rat from China. 113

P. Bewitsonij Moore. The blue area as large as in the
former, occupying the entire discoidal cell of the fore wing,
and in the submedian interspace all but reaching the outer
margin. There are two blue apical spots as in Hewitsoni,
but no black spot in the submedian interspace as in most
specimens of that species, nor even the black line on the sub-
median vein as in typical pleurata. In the hind wing the
blue area occupies the discoidal cell and extends a little above
the radial. The outer margin of the hind wing is narrowly
black, and there are, as in pleurata, traces of marginal and
submarginal rows of black markings.

Below, the markings much resemble those of pleurata, but
are more indistinct, more parallel, and on a pale ground.

X. — Description of a new Rat from China.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

AMONG a collection made at Kuatun, N.W. Fokien, and
presented to the National Museum by Messrs. J. de La Touche
and C. B. Hickett, there occur three specimens of a fine large
rat as large as Mus Edwardsi, Thos., found at the same
locality, but quite different from that and more nearly allied
to the Burmese Mus Bower si, And. It is, however, clearly
distinct, and may be called

Mus Latoucheij sp. n.

Size very large. Upper surface uniformly clear grizzled
grey, without tinge of yellow ; the fur composed of grey
hairs intermixed with slender, flattened, white, brown-tipped
spines, not numerous or stiff enough to make the fur feel
really spinous. Under surface pure white or yellowish white
throughout, the line of demarcation on sides not very sharply
defined. Ears large, evenly rounded. Hands white above,
the fingers almost naked. Feet greyish proximally, white on
the digits. Tail about as long as the head and body, its
scales averaging about ten to the centimetre, very thinly
haired, uniformly brown above and below, the extreme tip
white.

Skull, in proportion to the size of the animal, rather lightly
built. Compared to that of Mus Bowersi the nasals are more
square-ended behind, the line of the fronto-premaxillary and
fronto-nasal sutures runs straight across from side to side

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xx. 8

114 BibliograpTiica I Notice.

instead of being bowed backwards ; the supraorbital rims are
more developed (though still small for so large an animal),
and are continued along the parietals to the outer corners of
the intermaxillary. Anterior edge of anteorbital plate more
slanting. Posterior nares wider and more open than in the
allied form. Incisors broad, pale yellowish, finely but irregu-
larly striated in front.

Dimensions of the type (an adult female in skin) : —

Head and body (probably stretched) 310 millim. ; tail 290 ;
hind foot (moistened) 60 *.

Skull: basal length 51'3 ; greatest breadth 27'4; nasals
23 x 5'6 ; interorbital breadth 8*2; breadth of brain-case 21 '3 ;
interparietal 7 X 16'2 ; palate length from henselion 26 ;
diastema 17; anterior palatine foramina 10*6x4; length of
upper molar series 9'1.

Hal. Kuatun, N.W. Fokien.

Type : B.M. no. 97.6.6.2.

This fine rat is evidently very closely allied to Mus
Bowersi, which is a native of Burma and Tenasserim, and is
therefore widely distinct from it geographically. It differs,
however, by its rather larger size, especially its longer hind
feet, and by the various cranial differences above enumerated.

It is named in honour of Mr. J. de La Touche, of Foochow,
to whom, in conjunction with Mr. B/ickett, the British
Museum is indebted for a considerable number of valuable
Chinese mammals. Among these may be specially mentioned
examples of the rare Typhlomys cinereuSj M.-Edw., specimens
which have enabled me for the first time to show the proper
position of this interesting genus f-

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Ueber die Palpen der Rhopaloceren. . Ein Beitrag zur ErTcenntnis
der Verwandschaftliclien Bezieliungen unter den Tagfdltern. Yon
ENZIO REUTER. (Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae, torn. xxii.
No. 1.) (Helsingfors, 1896.)

THE early writers on insects used to complain that the Order
Lepidoptera was one of the most difficult of all to classify, on account
of the deficiency of characters. But with the increase of our know-

* The two other specimens have hind feet 57'5 and 58 millim. long.
Three spirit-specimens of M. Bowersi in the Fea collection have feet
respectively 51, 61, and 52 millim. in length.

t P. Z. S. 1896, p. 1016.

Bibliographical Notice. 1 15

ledge we find that characters abound, and it is now rather a
question of the real value to be attached to the structure of different
organs than a matter of complaint that characters cannot be found.
Nor shall we arrive at a really satisfactory system of classification
of Lepidoptera until the structure of the principal organs has been
worked out in all the various stages of the insects ; and this is a
lifelong study for a great number of observers.

The author of the present treatise has directed his attention
chiefly to the structure of the palpi in butterflies, paying special
attention (1) to the outward structure and form, (2) to the hairy or
scaly clothing of the palpi, and (3) to the basal spot, which is a bare
space on the inner side of the basal joint, which is striated, pitted,
and set with numerous conical hair-scales. For the purposes of the
present work 3557 palpi have been examined, belonging to 670
species and 302 genera, the result of this long and patient study
being embodied in the elaborate treatise before us. It is illustrated
by 6 plates, the first five representing structural details and the
sixth containing a genealogical tree of the evolution of the
Lepidoptera. The Hesperiidce are regarded as a distinct suborder
from the Rhopalocera, under the name of Grypocera, which is
certainly an improvement on the more usual course of treating them
as an aberrant family of the latter.

The first portion of the work consists of a description of the
general form and clothing of the palpi under the various genera,
and especially of the basal spot ; the description of the latter some-
times exceeds in length that of all other structures noticed. Having
concluded this, the author generalizes his results, and discusses the
comparative relations of the various families and smaller subdivisions
which he admits. Here his observations are not confined to the
palpi, but extend to the neuration and other morphological characters
of the insects ; and he shows himself to be thoroughly acquainted
with the extensive and not always easily accessible literature of the
Order Lepidoptera, and compares his own conclusions with those of
other writers to great advantage.

This is followed by general observations on the origin and
classification of the Lepidoptera, not without reference to palseonto-
logical considerations ; and by an extensive Bibliography, filling 11
closely printed pages.

We congratulate the author on the completion of a valuable and
meritorious work, which marks an epoch in the study of the particular
structures to which it is devoted. Much good work has previously
been accomplished in Finland in other orders of insects ; and the
Finns are fully entitled to claim as high a rank as entomologists as
they have long occupied as philologists.

116 Geological Society.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

March 24, 1897.— Dr. Henry Hicks, F.R.S.,
President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read : —

1. 'On the Association of Sigillaria and Glossopteris in South
Africa.' By A. C. Seward, Esq., M.A., F.G.S., University Lecturer
in Botany, Cambridge.

In this paper the Author describes in detail several specimens of
fossil plants submitted to him by Mr. David Draper of Johannesburg.
His conclusions as to the geological age of the plant-bearing beds
differ from those arrived at by Mr. Draper from stratigraphical
evidence ; the plants point to an horizon which may be referred to
what is now termed the Permo-Carboniferous age. The difficulty
of distinguishing between various forms of Glosso^tteris-le&ves is
discussed at some length : and the opinion expressed that it is
practically impossible to separate the Indian, Australian, and
African forms of O. Browniana, G. indica, and others. The chief
interest as regards the plants centres round the specimens of
Sigillaria ; these are fairly well preserved impressions, and are
referred to the well-known species, S. Brardi. In addition to
various forms of the genus Glossopteris and the specimens of
Sigillaria, the following plants are recorded : — Noeygerathiopsis
Hislopi, Gangamopteris cydopteroides, Phylloiheca, Conites sp.,
Cardiocarpus sp., and Sphenopteris sp.

The paper concludes with some general remarks on botanical
provinces in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and the
relation of the Glossopteris-ftoYSk to the Coal-Measure vegetation
of Europe.

2. ' Notes on the Occurrence of Sigillaria, Glossopteris, and
other Plant-remains in the Triassic Rocks of South Africa.' By
David Draper, Esq., F.G.S.

The Author gives a brief description of the geology of four
localities, within a comparatively short distance from Johannesburg,
from which several fossil plants have recently been obtained. He
considers the plant-bearing beds to belong to the Lower Stormberg
Series of Dunn, and to the horizon known as the Molteno Beds.
The most important locality described in these notes is that of
Yereeniging, 30 miles south of Johannesburg, where the Author
found several specimens of Sigillaria associated with Glossopteris
and other plants in iron-stained sandstones. The significance of
this discovery of Sigillaria is briefly discussed. The several species
of plants have been described by Mr. A. C. Seward in a paper
recently sent to the Society.

On a new Ceratopterine Eagle-Ray. 227

XXIII. — Description of a new Ceratopterine Eagle-Ray from
Jamaica. By Gr. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

AMONG some Fishes brought home from Jamaica by the
Rev. J. Seed Roberts, who for many years has been paying
special attention to the fish fauna of that colony, there was a
Ceratopterine Ray which neither Mr. Roberts nor myself
succeeded in identifying. It has much in common with
Bancroft's Ceplialopterus hypostomus, described from Jamaica
in 1830, but is at once distinguished by the absence of teeth
in the lower jaw, which precludes our referring it to the
genus DicerobatiSj in which teeth are present in both jaws.
The allied genus Ceratoptera agrees in this, that teeth are
developed in one of the jaws only, but it is the lower instead
of the upper that bears them ; and, besides, the position of
the mouth and the shape of the pectoral fin are entirely
different. I therefore find myself compelled to propose a
new genus for the reception of the Ray, with which I wish to
associate the name of its discoverer.

CERATOBATIS, gen. nov.

Like Dicerobatisj Blainv., but teeth restricted to the upper
jaw.

Ceratobatis Robertsii, sp. n.

The band of teeth occupying only half the width of the
mouth, its width 10 times in its length ; teeth tessellated,
hexagonal, 2 to 3 times as broad as long, rugose with nume-
rous obtuse ridges. Mouth inferior, wide. Pupil vertically
elliptic. Body smooth; pectoral fins with nearly straight,
slightly convex anterior and slightly concave posterior border.
Cephalic fins measuring a little less than the width of the
mouth ; spiracles behind the eyes. The space between the
last branchial clefts one fourth that between the first.
Dorsal fin between the ventrals. Tail slender, without spine,
nearly twice as long as the body.

millim.

Length of disk, without cephalic appendages 350

Width of disk 780

Cephalic fin 90

Width of mouth 105

Diameter of eye 12

Ventral fin 70

Tail . . 620

228 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Black above, white beneath.

This Kay grows to a very large size ; but specimens are
almost impossible to obtain, owing to the superstitious fear
of the fishermen. The single specimen secured by Mr. Roberts,
the dimensions of which are recorded above, is a young one,
and is now deposited in the British Museum.

XXIY. — On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China , Japan, and
Corea. By JOHN HENRY LEECH, B. A., F.L.S , F.Z.S.,&c.

'

. , . ., .. , ...,

— Part II. Family Geometridae; Subfamilies G&uochrom'
Orthostixinae, Larentiinae, Acidaliinaj, and Geometrinae.

[Continued from p. 110.]
[Plates VII. & VHL]

Subfamily GEOMETRINJB.

Genus PSEUDOTERPNA.

(Hiibn. Verz. p. 284 ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii.
p. 472.)

Pseudoterpna super ans.

Hypochroma superans, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 398
(1878) ; 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 36, pi. xlix. fig. 12 (1879).

There were some specimens from Nikko, Oiwake, and
Yesso in Pryer's collection, and I took a few examples at
Hakodate in August.

Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Pseudoterpna alba.

Pingasa alba, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 491, pi. xix.

fig. 6.
Pseudoterpna alba, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 474 (1895).

Six specimens from Gifu and one from Ningpo, the latter
taken by a native collector in July.

Distribution. Kha*sis (Hampson) ; Japan ; N. China.

Except that the ground-colour is tinged with ochreous, the
Japanese and Chinese examples are identical with Indian
specimens in the National Collection at South Kensington.

Pseudoterpna pseudoterpnaria.

Hypochroma pseudoterpnaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 276 (1857).
Hypochroma Pryeri, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 398 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 35, pi. xlix. fig. 9 (1879).

There were some fine specimens from Yokohama in Pryer's

from China, Japan, and Corea. 229

collection, and I obtained the species at Nagasaki in June.
I have also received it from Chia-kow-ho and the province of
Kwei-chow.

Distribution. Japan; Western China.

Pseudoterpna pruinata.

Phalana pruinata, Hufn. Berl. Mag. iv. pp. 5, 520 (1767).

Geometra cytisaria, Esp. Schmett. v. p. 242, pi. xliv. figs. 1-4 ; Hiibn.

Geom. pi. i. fig. 2.
Pseudoterpna pruinata, var. simplex, Alph. Rom. sur L^p. vi. p. 54

(1892).

Alpheraky records a form of this species from N.W. China
under the varietal name simplex. He describes it briefly as
a large greenish- white form without markings.

Distribution. Europe ; Armenia ; Western China.

Pseudoterpna sinapiaria.

Hyvochroma sinapiaria, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 309, pi. vi.
fig. 6.

Poujade records a female specimen from Moupin.
Bab. Western China.

Pseudoterpna Davidaria.

Pachyodes Davidaria, Ponj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p, 310, pi, vii.
figs. 16, 16 a.

One female specimen from Moupin (Poujade}.
Hob. Western China.

Pseudoterpna arenaria.

Pachyodes arenaria, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 144, pi. ix.
fig. 12.

One female specimen from Kiukiang, taken in June.
Hob. Central China.

Pseudoterpna dorsocristata.

Terpna dorsocristata, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 313, pi. vii.
figs. 18, 18 a.

Poujade's type (a female) was from Moupin.
I received a male specimen from Chang-yang, taken in
July.

Hob. Central and Western China.
The male antennae are slightly serrated.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xx. 16

230 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus ACTENOCHROMA.

(Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 350.)

Actenochroma virescens.

Bylazora virescens, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 398 (1878) ;
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 35, pi. xlix. fig. 8 (1879).

There was one example of each sex from Gifu in Fryer's
collection. Butler's type was from Hakodate.
Hob. Japan and Yesso.

Genus ARCH.EOPSEUSTES.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 380 (1894).)

Archceopseustes amplificata.

Abraxas amplificata, Walk. Oat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1124 (1862).
ArchcBopseustes amplificata, Warr. Novit. Zool. i. p. 380 (1894).

I received two male specimens and a female from Kiukiang,
two males from Ichang, and one male from Omei-shan :
June and July.

Walker's type was from N. China.

Hob. North, Central, and Western China.

Archceopseustes leucomelanaria.

Pachyodes leucomelanaria, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 311, pi. vii.
fig. 17.

Poujade's type was from Moupin. I have a male speci-
men, taken in July, from the same locality.
Hob. Western China.

Genus LIMBATOCHLAMYS.

(Rothschild, Novit. Zool. i. p. 540 (1894).)

Limbatoclilamys Rosthorni.

Limbatochlamys Rosthorni, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. i. p. 540. pi. xii.
fig. 9 (1894).

I have one male specimen from Chang-yang and one from
Moupin : July.

The type is referred to as from " Interior of China (probably
districts west of Ichang)."

Hob. Central and Western China.

Genus CHLORODONTOPERA.

(Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 351.)

Chlorodontopera robustaria.
Hemithea robustaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 383 (1857).

from China , Japan, and Corea. 231

Thalassodes macruraria, Walk. Oat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1561 (1862). ^
Chlorodontopera robustaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. lad., Moths, iii.
p. 484 (1895).

Specimens in Fryer's collection without locality. I cap-
tured examples at G-ensan in July and I received a female
specimen from Wa-shan, taken in June.

Distribution. Japan ; Corea ; Western China.

Chlorodontopera mandarinata.

Odontoptera mandarinata, Leech, Trans. Eat. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 141,
pi. ix. fig. 13.

One example from Kiukiang, May.
Hal. Central China.

Genus AGATHIA.
(Guen. Phal. i. p. 380 (1857).)

Agathia Icetata.

Agathia carissima, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 50, pi. xxxvi. fig. 7

(1878).
Agathia lacunaria. Hedem. Horse Ent. Ross. xiv. p. 512, pi. iii. fig. 4

(1879).
Agathia ketata, Fabr., Hamnson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p, 487

' (1895).

There was a specimen from Yokohama in Fryer's collec-
tion, and my native collector obtained one in the island of
Kiushiu. I took the species at Gensan in July, at Sakata
and Hakodate in August, and I have received examples from
Ichang, Moupin, Ni-tou, Huang-mu-chang, and Chia-kou-
ho, all taken in July.

Distribution. Askold ; Siberia; throughout India, Ceylon,
and Burma ; Borneo ; New Guinea ; Australia (Hampson) ;
Corea ; Japan • Yesso ; Kiushiu ; Central and Western
China.

Agathia lyccenaria.

Geometra lycanaria, Koll. Kasch. iv. p. 486 (1848).
Agathia lyccenaria^ Guen. Phal. i. p. 380 (1857) ; Hampson, Fauna
Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 485 (1895).

One specimen from Huang-mu-chang, July.
Distribution. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Borneo ;
Fenang ; Java (Hampson) ; Western China.

Genus ULIOCNEMIS.

(Warr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 355.)
Uliocnemis cassidara.

Phorodesma cassidara. Guen. Phal. i. p. 370 (1857).

16*

232 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

(1895).

One specimen from Huang-mu-chang, July.
Distribution. Ceylon (Hampsori) ; Western China.

Uliocnemis albimarginata.

Uliocnemis albimarginata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 353
Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 489 (1895).

Distribution. Sikhim ; Japan (Hampson).
Warren described this species from Sikhim. I do not
know the Japanese form of it.

Uliocnemis venata.
Thalera venata, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 437 (1879).

There were three specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's
collection.
Hab. Japan.

Genus HEMITHEA.
(Dup. ; Hampson Fauna Brit, Ind., Moths, iii. p. 490 (1895).)

Hemithea strigata.

Geometra strigata, Mull. Fauna Ins. Friedr. p. 51 (1864).

Geometra cestivaria, Esp. v. pi. ii. figs. 1-3 ; Hiibn. Geom. fig. 9 ; Treit,

Schmett. v. 1, 117.

Hemithea cestivaria, Dup. Lep. vii. pi. cli. fig. 6.
Hemithea thymiaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 384.
Nemoria strigata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 94.

I took specimens in Satsuma in May, at Fusan and Gensan
in July, and my native collector at Hakodate in August.

Distribution. Europe; Amur; Corea; Japan,- Yesso ;
Kiushiu.

Hemithea unilinear ia, sp. n.

Bluish green, costa of primaries marked with blackish.
All the wings have a fine whitish transverse line beyond the
middle ; this line is more wavy on the secondaries than on
primaries : primaries have a black discal dot. Fringes
greyish green. Under surface whitish green.

Expanse 38 millim.

One male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, July,

Hab. Western China.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 233

Hemithea obliterata.

Nemoria obliterata, Walk. Oat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1558 (1862).
lodis ussttnan'a, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 77, pi. vi. fig. 24 (1864).
Nemoria ussuriaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 94.

One male specimen from Oiwake in Fryer's collection.
Walker's type was from Shanghai.

Distribution. E. Siberia; Amur; Japan; Eastern China.

Hemithea mundaria, sp. n.

Light yellowish green. Primaries have two whitish trans-
verse lines on the central area of the wing, the first outwardly
edged with green of a darker shade than the ground-colour
and curved below costa, the second inwardly edged with the
darker colour and more or less undulated. Secondaries have
a discal mark agreeing in colour with the edgings of the
transverse lines and a continuation of the second line of
primaries. Under surface greenish white.

Expanse 26 millim.

Two male specimens and one female from Ta-chien-lu,
June.

Hab. Western China.

Hemithea marina.

Thalassodes marina, Bull. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) i. p. 399 (1878) ;

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 37, pi. 1. tig. 1 (1879).
Euchloris putata, Meyrick, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 95.

A series from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.
I obtained specimens at Tsuruga and Gensan in July.
Fryer considered this species to be identical with lodis
lactearia from Europe.

Distribution. Corea; Japan.

Genus TANAOERHINUS.

(Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 38 (1879).)
Tanaorrhinus reciprocatus.

Geometra reciprocata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxii. p. 515 (1861).

Geometra confuciaria, Walk. /. c. p. 522.

TanaorJiinus confuciaria, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 38, pi. 1.

fig. 4 (1879). §
Tanaorrhinus reciprocatus, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 493

(1895).

A few specimens from Tokio and Kanosan in Fryer's
collection.

I captured the species at Nagasaki in May, and Mr. Smith
obtained it at Hakone in August.

234 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

I have also received examples from Chang-yang, Kiu-
kiang, and the Province of Kwei-chow, taken in July.

Distribution. Simla; Dharmsala; Sikhim; Khdsis (Hamp-
sori) ; North, Central, and Western China; Japan.

Tanaorrhinus vittatus.

Geometra vittata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 636 ; Water-

house, Aid, pi. cli. fig. 5 (1884).
Tanaorrhinus prasinus, Butl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) iv. p. 438

(1879).
Tanaorrhinus vittatus. Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 494

(1895).

Some specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I met with the species at Nagasaki in May, and Mr. Smith
obtained it at Hakone in August.

I have received examples from Omei-shan and the Province
of Kwei-chow.

Distribution. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Khasis (Hamp-
son) ; Japan; Kiushiu ; Western China.

Genus GEOMETRA.

(Linn. Syst. Nat.; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
iii. p. 495 (1895).)

Geometra papilionaria.

Phal. Geometra papilionaria, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 522.

Geometra papilionaria, Esp. v. pi. vi. figs. 1-4 ; Hiibn. Geom. fig. 6.

Holothalassis papilionaria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 285.

Some fine specimens from Oiwake and Yesso in Fryer's
collection. I took the species at Hakodate in July.

Distribution. Europe ; Siberia ; Amur ; Japan ; Yesso.

Geometra flam frontaria.

Nem&riajlavifrontaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 346 (1857).
Loxochila mutans, Butl. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 615.
Geometra Jlavifrontaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 496
(1895).

One example from Ichang, June.
Distribution. N.W. Himalaas

layas ; Central China.

Genus AEACIMA.
(Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 50 (1878).)

Aracima muscosa.

muscosa> Butl- HI. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 51, pi. xxxvi. fig. 8
Geometra (?) vestita, Heiem. Horse Ross. xiv. p. 508, pi. iii. fig. 3
Geometra muscosa, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 96.

from China, Japan, and Corea, 235

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

Mr. Smith took the species at Hakone in August, and
I captured some examples at Tsuruga in July and at Nikko
in September.

A fairly constant species, but the discal markings of all
the wings and the marginal border of secondaries are subject
to modification.

Distribution. Amur; Japan.

Genus MEGALOCHLORA.

(Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 95.)

MegaloMora sponsaria.

Chlorochroma sponsaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 77, pi. vi. fig. 25 (1864).
Megalochlora spomaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 95.

Specimens from Yokohama and Oivvake in Fryer's col-
lection.

Distribution. E. Siberia ; Amur ; Japan.

Geometra viridescentaria, Motsch., is probably identical
with this species.

Megalochlora albovenaria.

Geometra albovenaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 75, pi. vi. fig. 21 (1864).
Megalochlora albovenaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 95.
^i Geometra valida, Feld. Reise Nov. v. pi. cxxvii. fig. 37 (1875).
t Geometra dioptasaria, Christ. Bull. Mosc. 1880, p. 9.

There were some examples from Yokohama in Fryer's
collection. I obtained specimens at Gensan in June and
July ; and have received specimens from Omei-shan, Wa-shan,
and Che-tou, taken in June and July.

Distribution. E. Siberia; Amur; Japan; Corea; Western
China.

Megalochlora mandarinaria} sp. n.

Fale bluish green. Primaries, which are slightly concave
below apex, have two transverse whitish lines, the first
curved below costa and the second broad and slightly oblique ;
there is a whitish line at end of the cell. Secondaries, which
are angled in middle of outer margin, have a broad oblique
whitish line. Fringes whitish. Under surface whitish,
strongly tinged with green on primaries ; the broad trans-
verse lines of upper surface are reproduced.

Expanse 54 millim.

One male specimen from Chow-pin-sa, taken in June.

Ilab. Western China.

This species is somewhat similar to M. albovenaria^ Brem.,
but the outer margins are not crenulate.

236 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

MegdloMora glaucarla.

Geometra glaucaria, Me*n. Bull, de 1'Acad. xvii. p. 220 ; Scark. Amur-

Reis. p. 65, pi. v. fig. 8 (1859).
Geometra usitata, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 49, pi. xxxvi. fig. 3

(1878).
Megalochlora glaucaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 95.

Some specimens from Yokohama and Oiwake in Fryer's
collection.

Distribution. Amur; Japan.

Genus EUCHLORIS.
(Hiibn. ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 94.)

Euchloris insolitaria, sp. n.

Male. — Bluish green j all the wings have a whitish trans-
verse line beyond the middle, that on primaries is almost
straight and that on secondaries slightly angled about the
middle. Fringes whitish chequered with brown. Under
surface whitish tinged with green.

Expanse 43 millim.

One male specimen taken by myself in the Province of
Satsuma in May, and a female from Chang-yang, Central
China, captured in June.

The female has plain fringes, but otherwise agrees with
the male.

Distribution. Kiushiu ; Central China.

Euchloris difficta.

Comibcena difficta, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxii. p. 576 (1861); Butl

111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 37, pi. 1. fig. 3 (1879).
Ochrognesia difficta, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 391 (1894).

There were specimens from Ohoyama and Nikko in Fryer's
collection, and my native collector took a few examples at
Gensan in July ; I have two from Chang-yang and one from
Ichang, taken in July.

Warren considers " Phorodesma " gratiosaria, Brem., from
East Siberia to be identical with E. difficta.

Distribution. North and Central China; Japan: Corea •
East Siberia.

Euchloris albocostaria.

Euchlons albocostaria, Brem. Lep. Oat-Sib, p. 76, pi. vi. fig. 22 (1804).
There were specimens from Nikko in Fryer's collection.
I obtained the species at Gensan in July and have received
it from Ichang.

Jrom Ch'ina* Japan, and Corea. 237

Distribution. E. Siberia ; Amur ; Japan ; Corea ; Central
China.

Euchloris procumbaria.

Euchloris procumbaria. Pryer (W. B.), Cist. Eat. ii. p. 232. pi. iv. fig. 2

(1877).
Comibcena vaga, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 410.

One female specimen from Nikko in Fryer's collection ;
and a male from Omei-shan, taken in June. Butler's type
was from Tokio and that of Pryer from Shanghai.

Distribution. Japan ; Western China.

Euchloris argentatariaj sp. n.

Bright green. Primaries have two silvery- white lines, the
first forming a double curve, the second dentate towards
costa and expanding into a broad dentate mark above inner
margin ; the marginal area is washed with silvery white and
there is a patch of purplish grey enclosing two black dots on
the inner marginal portion; discal dot encircled with white.
Secondaries have an elongate purplish discal mark and a
silvery- white marginal line, this latter is inwardly dentate
above the middle, arcuate towards the purplish-grey outer
angle, and expands into a purplish-grey marked blotch at
anal angle. Fringes silvery white, mixed with purplish grey
on the secondaries. Under surface : primaries green as
above, marked with silvery white on inner marginal area
and on the outer margin ; outer line and discal dot as above :
secondaries silvery white, with a blackish patch at outer
angle, a blackish discal dot, and a fuscous wavy line beyond.

Expanse 28 millim.

Two male specimens were taken by my native collector at
Gensan in July, and he also obtained one example in the
island of Kiushiu. Mr. Smith captured a male at Hakone
in August, and I have received one from Chang-yang that
was taken in May.

Distribution. Corea; Kiushiu; Central China.

Euchloris nigromacularia, sp. n.

Bright green. Primaries have the costa white and two
white angulated transverse lines ; the second line is followed
on the inner margin by a ferruginous more or less quadrate
patch ; submarginal line white, interrupted. Secondaries
have a blackish patch at outer angle extending along margin
to third median nervule, this is limited by a white line which
becomes broader below third median nervule and expands

238 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

into a pale ferruginous tinged patch at anal angle. Fringes
pale greyish preceded b}^ a series of black dots, these dots
are largest on the secondaries and at inner angle of primaries ;
all the wings have a black discal dot. Under surface white,
tinged with green on the primaries : secondaries have a black
patch on outer margin interrupted by the nervules : discal
dots as above.

Expanse 40 millim.

One female specimen from Chow-pin-sa, taken in June ;
and there was an example of the same sex in Fryer's col-
lection, probably from Yokohama.

Distribution. Western China ; Japan.

Euchloris ornataria, sp. n.

Bright green, striated with silvery white. Primaries have
two silvery-white transverse lines, the first is slightly curved
and the second is oblique and slightly undulated ; there is a
short upright violet bar on inner margin before angle, and a
patch of the same colour at anal angle of secondaries; all
the wings have a black discal dot. Fringes : of primaries
whitish tinged with greenish, except at inner angle where
they are violet ; of secondaries violet, preceded by a blackish
line below outer angle, thence by black dots on the nervules.
Under surface whitish, tinged with green, especially on pri-
maries ; discal dots as above ; violet markings faintly
reproduced.

Expanse 32 millim.

Six male specimens from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in June.

Hob. Western China.

Euchloris dbsoletaria, sp. n.

Green. Primaries have the costa white and two obscure
whitish transverse lines, the first slightly curved and the
second elbowed below the costa and indented above inner
margin ; all the wings have a blackish discal dot. Fringes
whitish grey, preceded by a violet-brown line. Under
surface : of primaries green, washed with whitish on the
inner marginal area, with black discal dot and pale central
line ; of secondaries whitish, with a black discal dot and
dusky greenish central line.

Expanse 32 millim.

One female specimen from the island of Kiushiu, and one
taken by myself at Nagasaki in June.

Hob. Kiushiu.

from CJtina, Japan, and Corea. 239

Euchloris incomptaria, sp. n.

Pale bluish green without transverse lines. Primaries
whitish on costa ; there is a short upright violet-grey bar at
inner angle and a patch of the same colour on outer angle of
secondaries ; outer marginal line of all the wings violet-
grey. Under surface whitish with a faint greenish tinge ;
violet-grey markings faintly reproduced.

Expanse 33 millim.

One male specimen, without fringes to the wings', from
Wa-shan, taken in July.

Hob. Western China.

Euchloris chlorophyllaria.

Phorodesma chlorophyll aria, Hedem. Horse Soc. Ent. Ross. xiv. p. 510,
pi. iii. fig. 7 (1378) ; Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 53 (1892).

Phorodesma fankowskiaria, Mill. ; Oberth. Etud. d'Entom. v. p. 47,
pi. iv. fig. '7 (1880).

Alpheraky records this species from the Province of Kan-
sou, July.

I received a male specimen from Pu-tsu-fong, taken in
June or July.

Distribution. Amur; Askold; Western China.

Euchloris simpliciaria, sp. n.

Pale bluish green, with whitish fringes and a dusky discal
dot on all the wings ; the fringes are preceded by a dark
line. Under surface whitish tinged with greenish, discal
dots as above.

Expanse 30 millim.

One female specimen from Chang-yang, taken in August.

Hob. Central China.

Euchloris striataria, sp. n.

Pale green, striated with silvery white ; costa of primaries
whitish. Fringes whitish. Under surface whitish, slightly
tinged with fuliginous on basal portion of costa.

Expanse 31 millim.

One female specimen from Che-tou, taken in July.

Hob. Wrestern China.

Euchloris subtiliaria.

Euchloris subtiliaria, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 76, pi, vi. fig. 23 (1864).
Racheospila nympha, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1881, p. 411.

Several specimens from Yokohama, Gifu, and Yesso in
Pryer's collection.

240 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

I met with this species at Nikko in September, and my
native collector obtained it in June at Ningpo and also in
the island of Kiushiu.

I received examples from Moupin, Wa-ssu-kow, Chow-
pin-sa, Wa-shan, and Che-ton, taken in June and July.

Distribution. Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ;
Australia (Hampson) ; Amur (G-rceser) ; E. Siberia; Japan;
Yesso; Kiushiu ; Western China.

Euchloris radiata.

Thetidea (?) radiata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1567 (1862).
Euchloris radiata, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 498 (1895).

One female specimen from Huang-mu-chang, taken in
July.^

Distribution. Kulu ; Dharmsdla (Hampson) • Western
China.

Genus COLUTOCERAS.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 88 (1895).)

Colutoceras diluta.
Colutoceras diluta, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 88 (1895).

Warren describes one male specimen from Kiushiu.
The insect I have described as Euchloris obsoletaria may
possibly be the female of this.

Genus NEMOKIA.

(Hiibn. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 501 (1895).)
Nemoria viridaria.

Phal. Geometra viridata, Linn. Fauna Suec. 330.

Geometra viridata, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 11 ; Treit. Schmett. vi. 1, 107;

Dup. Le"p. vii. pi. cli. fig. 4.
Nemoria viridaria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 285 ; Guen. Phal. i. p. 346 ;

Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 94.

I took one specimen at Gensan in July, and I have re-
ceived specimens from Chang-yang and Moupin which
appear referable to this species.

Distribution. Europe; Altai; Amur; Corea ; Central and
Western China.

Nemoria gelida.

Nemoria gelida, 111. Typ. Lep. Het. vii. p. 104, pi. cxxxvi. fig. 5 (1889).
One specimen from Huang-mu-chang, July.
Distribution. Dalhousie ; Kulu; Dharmsa"la (Hampson);
Western China.

from China j Japan , and Corea.

Nemoria rectilinear ia^ sp. n.

Whitish green. Primaries have an almost straight whitish
transverse line before the middle and an oblique one beyond
the middle ; the latter is continued on the secondaries. Fringes
whitish, tinged with greenish. Under surface whitish, tinged
with green ; area beyond the whitish transverse line paler.

Expanse 24 millim.

Several examples of each sex from Huang-mu-chang, July.

Hob. Western China.

Allied to N. indecretata, Walk., but the line on secondaries
is straighter and terminates nearer the anal angle, and the
costa of primaries is pale brown.

Genus THALASSODES.

(Guen. Phal. i. p. 359 ; Meyrick, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths,
p. 507 (1895).)

Thalassodes gavissima.

Comibcena gavissima, Walk, Cat. Lep. Het. xxii. p. 575 (1861).
Berta gavissima, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 435, pi. cxcvi. fig. 6<3 (1887).
Thalassodes gavissima, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 510
(1895).

One specimen from Wa-shan, June.

Distribution. Simla ; Sikhim ; Ceylon ( Hampson ) ;
Western China.

Thalassodes vallata.

Thalassodes vallata, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 50, pi. xxxvi. fig. 9
(1878) ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 514 (1895).

Several specimens from Yokohama in Fryer's collection.

I met with this species at Nagasaki in May, Fushiki and
Gensan in July, and at Hakodate in August.

Distribution. Sikhim; Khdsis (Hampson)', Japan;
Kiushiu; Yesso; Corea.

Thalassodes par allelariay sp. n.

Similar to T. vallata, Butl., but rather lighter green in
colour. The first line of primaries approaches the second on
the inner margin, and the latter is parallel with outer margin ;
both lines are white and without inward shading ; the costa
is narrowly whitish and immaculate. The transverse line of
secondaries is also white and terminates nearer the middle
of abdominal margin than the anal angle. Fringes white,

242 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

marked with rufous brown at angle of secondaries, and not
preceded by a brown line.

Expanse 36 millim.

One male specimen from Moupin and one from Ni-tou,
July.

Hob. Western China.

Thalassodes inconcinnaria, sp. n.

Green ; all the wings have two obscure, wavy, whitish trans-
verse lines, that on primaries beyond the middle is rather
oblique. Fringes whitish tinged with green. Under surface
paler than above and without transverse lines.

Expanse 33 millim.

One male specimen from Ta-chien-lu and one from Pu-
tsu-fong, both taken in June.

Hob. Western China.

Thalassodes submacularia^ sp. n.

Darkish olive-green, costa of primaries brownish marked
with darker. All the wings have a darker, wavy, transverse
line beyond the middle, and a dusky discal mark ; the line
on secondaries has a bidentate projection below the middle.
Fringes of primaries brown, and those of secondaries pale
brown dotted with darker above the angle, which is strongly
produced. Under surface greenish white, with a large
blackish patch at inner angle of primaries and outer angle
of secondaries.

Expanse 41 millim.

One male specimen from Moupin and a female from Omei-
shan, both taken in June.

JJab. Western China.

Thalassodes thetydaria.

lodis thetydaria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 358 (1857).
Thalassodes bifasciata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxvi. p. 1562 (1862).
Thalassodes thetydaria, Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind.. Moths, iii. p. 509
(1895).

One male specimen from Che-tou and a female from
Moupin, June and July.

Distribution. Sikhim ; Sylhet (Hampson) ; Western China.

Thalassodes albistriyata.
Gelasma albistrigata, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 89 (1895).

Warren describes this species from Japan. I have not
obtained any specimens of it.
Hob. Japan.

jrom China, Japan, and Corea.
Genus THALERA.

(Hiibn. ; Hampson, Fauna Brit. Ind., Moths, iii. p. 514 (1895).}

Th a lera fimbria Us.

Phalanafimbrialis, Scop. Ent. Cam. p. 216 (1763).
Geometra bupleuraria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 8.
Thalera bupleuraria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 285.

I took one male specimen at Gensan in July.
Distribution. Europe; Asia Minor ; Amur; Corea.

Thalera rufolimbaria.

Thalera rufolimbaria, Hedem. Horse Ross. xiv. p. 512. pi. iii. tig. 5

(1878).
Thalera cremdata, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. p. 37, pi. 1. fig. 2

(1879).

There was a nice series in Fryer's collection from Yoko-
hama and Yesso. I obtained the species in Satsuma in May,
at Nagasaki and Fusan in June, arid at Shimonoseki and
Tsuruga in July. My native collector took it in the island
of Kiushiu in July. I have also received specimens from
Chang-yang, Ichang, Moupin, Pu-tsu-fong, and Huang-mu-
chang.

The Japanese examples range in expanse from 22 millim.
to 30 millim. ( ? ). A series taken at Chang-yang,
Central China, in June, average 25 millim. in expanse, whilst
the specimens taken at Ichang, Central China, in August,
measure 2 millim. less in expanse.

Distribution. Amur; Japan; Yesso; Kiushiu; Central
and Western China.

Thalera putata.

PhaL Geometra putata, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 523 ; Clerck, Icon. pi. iii.

fig. 9.

Geometra putataria, Hiibn. Geom. fig. 10.

lodis putataria, Hiibn. Verz. Schmett. p. 286; Guen. Phal. i. p. 557.
JKuchloris putata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 95.

This species seems to be generally distributed throughout
Japan from May to August. I have also taken specimens at
Gensan and in the island of Kiushiu. All are rather darker
in colour than European examples.

Distribution. Europe ; Japan ; Corea ; Kiushiu.

Thalera prcerupta.

Thalassodes prcerupta. Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 49, pi. xxxvi
fig. 5 (1878).

244 Mr. J. II. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

The type of this species was taken at Yokohama by
Mr. Jonas.
Hob. Japan.

Thalera lactearia.

Phal. Geometra lactearia, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. p. 519 ; Clerck, Icon.

pi. iii. fig. 12.

lodis lactearia, Guen. Phal. i. p. 355.
Euchloris lactearia, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 95.

There was one example from Yesso in Fryer's collection
mixed up with Hemithea marina, Butl., and I took a
specimen at Gensan in June and at Ningpo in April. My
native collector obtained the species at Ningpo in June.

Distribution. Europe ; Amur ; Corea ; Yesso ; Eastern
China.

Thalera ambigua.
Thalassodes ambigua, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 49, pi. xxxvi. fig. 6

(1878). •>U*.^/7Ef>.*/i(/^;/itx.£^; .'

Specimens from Oiwake in Fryer's collection. I obtained
specimens at Nagahama in July, and my native collector at
Gensan also in July.

Distribution. Corea ; Japan ; Kiushiu ; Ningpo.

Thalera sinuosaria, sp. n.

Green, each wing with two sinuous darker lines, the first
edged inwardly with whitish, the second edged outwardly,
expanding about the middle and above inner margin on pri-
maries and before abdominal margin on secondaries ; all the
wings have a dark discal ring centred with white. Fringes
slightly paler than the ground-colour and preceded on the
secondaries by a darker line. Under surface silky white, the
primaries tinged with greenish.

Expanse 28-34 millim.

Four examples of each sex.

Ta-chien-lu, Moupin, Fu-tsu-fong, Wa-shan, Omei-shan,
and Ni-tou : June.

Hob. Western China.

Thalera flagellaria.
Hemithea flagellaria, Pouj. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1895, p. 310, pi. vi. fig. 8.

Two male specimens from Moupin (Povjade). I have
received specimens from Ta-chien-lu, Ni-tou, Moupin, and
Chang-yang : June, July, and August.

Hab. Central and Western China.

from CJtina, Japan, and Corea. 245

Thalera protrusa.

Thalera protrusa, Butl. 111. Typ. Lep. Het. ii. p. 50, pi. xxxvi. fig. 10
(1878).

Four examples from Yokohama ? in Fryer's collection. I
captured a specimen at Fusan in June.
Hob. Japan and Corea.

Thalera colataria, sp. n.

Pale olive-green. Primaries have two wavy, whitish,
transverse lines, the outer continued on the secondaries ; there
is an elongate discal mark on each wing. Under surface
whitish, tinged with green. Fringes whitish, chequered with
fuscous and preceded by a fuscous line. Outer margin of the
wings crenulate, especially of secondaries, which are also
angled at the extremity of the third median nervule.

Expanse 30-52 millim.

Specimens from Yokohama in Pryer's collection. I took
the species in Satsuma in May and at Fusan in June, and
I have received it from Gensan, Ningpo, the island of Kiushiu,
Ichang, Chang-yang, and Moupin : taken in June in the
three last-named localities.

Distribution. Japan; Kiushiu; Corea; Central, Western,
and North-eastern China.

Similar to T. protusa, Butl., but easily separated by the
chequered fringes, which are preceded by a dark line. In the
Japanese specimen the outer margin of primaries is straighter
than in the Chinese examples.

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

Synegia purpurascens.

Parasynegia purpurascens, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 410 (1894).
Synegia rosearia, Leech, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 204 (1897).

Stegania hyriaria.

Heterostegane hyriariay Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 406 (1894).
Stegania irroraria. Leech. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 203
(1897).

Ann. <& Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xx. 17

246 Mr. J. H. Leech on Lepidoptera Heterocera

Genus PSEUDOTHALERA.
(Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 153 (1895).)

Pseudothalera stigmatica.
Pseudoihalera stigmatica, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 154 (1895).

Warren describes this species from Western China, and
records two male specimens.

Opisthograptis discriminaria.

Aspilatis discriminaria, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1073 (1862); Butl.
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pi. Hi. fig. 9 (1879).

Also described by Walker from Shanghai. It appears to
be a form of Ojpitothograptis semilutata, Led.

Tephrina irradiata.

Aspilatis irradiata, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het. xxiv. p. 1072 (1862); Butl.
111. Typ. Lep. Het. iii. pi. Iii. fig. 8 (1879).

Described by Walker from Shanghai. It is probably
specifically identical witli Tephrina arenacearia, Hiibn.

Percnia albinigrata.
Percnia albinigrata, Warren, Novit. Zool. iii. p. 395 (1896),

Warren describes a female specimen from Niphon,, Japan.
I think it is not specifically distinct from P. for aria, Guen.

Genus SEBASTOSEMA.

(Warren, Novit. Zool. iii. p. 100 (1896).)

Sebastosema bubonaria.

Sebastosema bubonaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. iii. p. 100 (1896).
Warren describes one male specimen from Japan.

Tosaura (?) pallida, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 380 (1894).

Warren describes this species from Japan, and places it in
Orthostixinse. I have not been able to see the type.

Anaitis perelegans.
Carsia perelegans, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 398 (1894).

Closely allied to A. plagiata, Linn., and possibly only a
Japanese form of that species.

from China, Japan, and Corea. 247

Anaitis affinis.

Docirava affinis, Warren, Novit. Zool. i. p. 398 (1894).
I think this is not specifically distinct from A . pudicata,
Guen. 4u**L TMftrj *&**£**• *Yk~^~Y*'

Distribution. China and Japan (Warren).

Genus ATOMOPHORA.

(Alph. Rom. sur Lep. vi. p. 66 (1892).).

A tomophora falsaria.

Atomophora falsaria, Alph. Rom. sur L<§p. vi. p. 66 (1892).
Alpheraky records one male specimen and three females
from the province of Kan-sou, June and July.
Hob. Western China.

Rhodostrophia bisinuata.

Rhodostrophia bisinuata, Warren, Novit. Zool. ii. p. 98 (1895).
Warren describes one female specimen from Japan.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

[The descriptions of figs. 1, 6, 12, and 18 in Plate VIII. appear in the
present volume (xx.) ; the remaining descriptions to Plates VII. and
VIII. were published in vol. xix.]

PLATE VII.

Fig. 1. Cryptoloba rivularia, sp. n., <J, p. 550.
Fig. 2. Eubolia similaria, sp. n., <$ , p. 554.
Fig. 3. Anaitis brunnearia, sp. n., <5 , p. 553.
Fig. 4. Scotosia bipunctularia, sp. n., <$ , p. 555.
Fig. 5. Eustromafractifasciaria,STp.n., § , p. 563.
Fig. 6. Plemyria parvularia, sp. n., $ , p. 571.
Fig. 7. Scotosia multilinearia, sp. n., c?, p. 555.
Fig. 8. Naxa margaritaria, sp. n., $ , p. 545.
Fig. 9. Scotosia latifasciaria, Leech, $ , p. 560.

Fig. 10. interruptaria, sp. n., $ , p. 560.

Fig. 11. Plemyria hastata, var. chinensis, nov., $ , p. 570.

Fig. 12. Eustroma pulehraria, sp. n., $ , p. 566.

Fig. 13. Lobogonia conspicuaria, sp. n., c?, p. 551.

Fig. 14. Carige cruciplaga, var. extremaria, nov., <J , p. 552.

Fig. 15. Lygranoa grisearia, sp. n., £ , p. 549.

Fig. 16. Emmesomia parallelaria, sp. n., 5 ? P- 546.

Fig. 17. Eustroma propriaria, sp. n., $ , p. 564.

Fig. 18. Plemyria bellaria, sp. n., tf, p. 573.

PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Rhodostrophia (?) sinuosaria, sp. n., J , p. 108.
Fig. 2. Larentia fractifasciaria, sp. n., c?, p. 658.
-Fi'^r. 3. Plemyria castaria, sp. n., <$ , p. 572.

248 ' Geological Society.

Fig. 4. Cidaria albipunctaria, sp. n., tf, p. 642.
jFe^r. 5. Larentia nitidaria, sp. n., c?, p. 657.
Fig. 6. Hijdrelia distinctaria, sp. n., <5*, p. 80.
J'ty. 7. Larentia orafan'a, Leech, <$ , p. 606.
Fig. 8. Larentia (?) inter seciaria, sp. n., <?, p.j667.
jP^r. 9. Photoscotosia fasciaria, sp. n., (J, P- 672.
Ftg. 10. Cidaria fervidaria, sp. n., <£, p. 646.
.Ft</. 11. Larentia tripunctaria, sp. n., c?, p. 666.
Fig. 12. Hydrelia electaria, sp. n., J, p. 81.
.Fz^. 13, Cidaria postalbaria, sp. n., <J , p. 64-5.
jP*J7. 14. Larentia costinotaria, sp. n., <£ , p. 670.
J^e^. 15. Cidaria ochracearia, sp. n., <£, p. 643.

Ji>. 16. fulgidaria, sp. n., cJ, p. 641.

Fig. 17. *subochraria, sp. n., cf , p. 647.

Fig. 18. Hydrelia angularia, sp. n., <J, p. 82.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

May 12, 1897.— Dr. Henry Hicks, F.R.S.,
President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read : —

'The Mollusca of the Chalk Rock: Part II.' By Henry
Woods, Esq., M.A., F.G.S.

The first part of this paper, dealing with the Cephalopoda,
Gasteropoda, and Scaphopoda, appeared in the last volume of
the Quarterly Journal (vol. Hi. p. 68). In the present commu-
nication the Author gives an account of the characters, synonymy,
and distribution of the Lamellibranchia : 29 species are recognized,
6 being new ; the genera represented are : — Leda, Nucula, Area,
Limopsis, Modiola, Inoceramus, Ostrea, Chlamys, Lima, Spondylus,
Plicatula, Cardium, Cardita, Arctica, Trapezium, Corbis'l, Martesia?,
and Cuspidaria.

In the concluding part the Author compares the fauna of the
Reussianum-zone (Chalk Rock) in England with that of other
European areas, particularly N.W. Germany and Saxony. In the
latter country the number of species in some groups — particularly
Gasteropoda and Lamellibranchia — is much greater than in Eng-
land ; this difference is probably due to the sea having been of less
depth than in the English area. It is noticed that the species of
Cephalopoda have a much wider geographical distribution than the
other groups of the Mollusca.

Finally, by a study of the present distribution of the genera —
particularly of those which form the predominating element in the
fauna, — taken in conjunction with the other characters of the
zone, the Author arrives at the conclusion that in England the
Reussianum-zone was probably formed between the depths of 100
and 500 fathoms.

Ann, & Mag. Wat. Hist. S. 6. Vcl.XJX. PL VI

W Purkiss , del .

248 ' Geological Society.

Fig. 4. Cidaria albipunctaria, sp. n., $ , p. 642.
Fig. 5. Larentia nitidaria, sp. n., <$ , p. 657.
Fig. 6. Hydrelia distinctaria, sp. n., tf, p. 80-
Fig. 7. Larentia grataria, Leech, cJ,p. 6-56.
Jty. 8. Larentia (?) intersectaria, sp. n., tf, p.^667.
jP^. 9. Photoscotosia fasciaria, sp. n., <£, p. 672.
Fig. 10. Cidaria fervidaria, sp. n., <£, p. 646.
.Ft*/. 11. Larentia tripunctaria, sp. n., <$ , p. 666.
Fig. 12. Hydrelia electaria, sp. n., J, p. 81.
Fig. 13, Cidaria postalbaria, sp. n., rf, P- 64*5.
Fig. 14. Larentia costinotaria, sp. n., <? , p. 670.
Fig. 15. Cidaria ochracearia, sp. n., cf > P- 643.

Fig. 16. fulgidaria, sp. n., cf, p. 641.

/*p. 17. etifochraria, sp. n., (J, p. 647.

Fig. 18. Hydrelia angularia, sp. n., (J, p. 82.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

May 12, 1897.— Dr. Henry Hicks, F.R.S.,
President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read : —

< The Mollusca of the Chalk Rock : Part II.' By Henry
Woods, Esq., M.A., F.G.S.

The first part of this paper, dealing with the Cephalopoda,
Gasteropoda, and Scaphopoda, appeared in the last volume of
the Quarterly Journal (vol. Hi. p. 68). In the present commu-
nication the Author gives an account of the characters, synonymy,
and distribution of the Lamellibranchia : 29 species are recognized,
6 being new ; the genera represented are : — Leda, Nucula, Area,
Limopsis, Modiola, Inoceramus, Ostrea, Chlamys, Lima, Spondylus,
Plicatula, Cardium, Cardita, Arctica, Trapezium, Corbis'l, Martesia?,
and Cuspidaria.

In the concluding part the Author compares the fauna of the
Reussianum-zone (Chalk Rock) in England with that of other
European areas, particularly N.W. Germany and Saxony. In the
latter country the number of species in some groups — particularly
Gasteropoda and Lamellibranchia — is much greater than in Eng-
land ; this difference is probably due to the sea having been of less
depth than in the English area. It is noticed that the species of
Cephalopoda have a much wider geographical distribution than the
other groups of the Mollusca.

Finally, by a study of the present distribution of the genera —
particularly of those which form the predominating element in the
fauna, — taken in conjunction with the other characters of the
zone, the Author arrives at the conclusion that in England the
Reussianum-zone was probably formed between the depths of 100
and 500 fathoms.

. & Mag. Mat.Hist.S. 6. VolXJX. PL VI

Ann..kMa3.Nat.Hisb.S. 6. VcLXX. PI. VIT.

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