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LEPIDOPTERA INDICA

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SA TYRINM

241

two upper medians from extreme end of the cell; submedian and internal vein
curved. Body rather slender ; palpi ascending, slender, compressed ; antennae with
a moderately thick club ; eyes coarsely hairy.

Type. — D. Samio.

BEBIS KANSA (Plate 78, fig. 1, la, b, $ $ ).

Debts Kansa, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. Company, i. p. 220 (1857).

Lethe Kansa , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 119 (1868). Marshall and de Nieeville, Butt, of
India, etc. i. p. 145 (1883). Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1888, p. 308. Staudinger, Exot.
Sclimett. p. 221, pi. 78, $ .

Imago.—M ale. Upperside olivescent ocbreous-brown. Forewing with a dis¬
tinctly visible broad, dusky transverse diseal fascia clothed with glandular scales ,
these scales being short, more or less broad, ribbed, and having dentated tips, with
numerous interspersed narrow truncate-base bulbous androconia having short hair¬
like end and penicillate tip, and interspersing moderately long fine hairs ; beyond
which is a very indistinctly-defined small pale apical spot and two similar lower
subapical spots. Bindwing with an outer series of five black spots, each with a
narrow ochreous-yellow outer ring, the third and lower fifth spot being small, the
ordinary sixth or anal spot not present ; marginal lines pale bordered. Underside
paler, and of a uniform vinaceous tint, slightly washed with lilacine chalybeate-white ;
crossed by a slender dark purple-red subbasal and a discal line, the latter on the
hindwing slightly .irregular ; marginal lines pale bordered. Forewing with four pale
ochreous-brown ocelli. Bindicing with six small-sized ocelli, each with a lilacine
outer ring ; the marginal line inwardly bordered with lilacine and ending in a
prominent triangular anal spot.

Female. Upperside slightly paler. Forewing with a distinct tranverse discal
dusky sinuous line externally bordered by two or three sinuous pale ochreous
decreasing spots from its anterior end ; beyond is a small pale ochreous subapical
spot and two lower spots. Bindwing as in the male. Underside paler than in the
male; markings the same, except that the forewing has six palely-defined small
ocelli. Body and legs beneath, and sides of the palpi brownish-ochreous.

Expanse, S 2f to 8, ? 2f inches.

Habitat. —Sikkim ; Sibsagur, Manipur; Upper Tenasserim.

Distribution. — ct A fairly common species in Sikkim at 2000 to 4000 feet, and
also taken up to 9000 feet between April and October.” (Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888,
312.) Messrs. Otto Moller and L. de Mceville have taken both sexes of this
species in the Sikkim Hills at low elevations in October. It was also taken at
Darjiling by the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Mr. A. O. Hume took it in the eastern
hills of Manipur in May, and Capt. C. T. Bingham obtained it in the Thoungyeen
forests, Upper Tenasserim, in March (De Niceville, Butt. India, 145).

vol. i. January 29th, 1892. i i

LEPIDOPTERA INDIO A.

DEBIS SAMIO (Plate 78; fig. 2, 2a, ? ).

Debts Samio , Doubleday and Hewitson, Gen. D. Lep. pi. 61, fig. 3 (1849), $ . Westwood, u?. p. 360
(1851), $.

Lethe Samio , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 118 (1868). Marshall and de Nieeville, Butt, of
India, etc. i. p. 145 (1883),^.

Debis Purana , Felder, Wien. Ent. Monat. iii. p. 401 (1859), ? .

Letlie Parana, Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 118 (1868). Marshall and de Mceville, Butt, of
India, etc. i. p. 146, $ .

Imago. —Male. Uppersicle olivescent ochreous-brown. Foreiving without mark¬
ings, but crossed by a very indistinctly-defined broad inwardly-oblique discal dusky
fascia composed of glandular scales. Ilinduring with six submarginal black spots,
of which the upper third and the lowest are minute, the second the largest, and
each bordered by a pale reddish-ochreous outer ring, the border of the upper three
being broadly confluent. Underside paler and of a reddish tint; both wings with a
slender lilacine outer bordered subbasal and a discal transverse red-brown line, the
latter, on the hindwing, being incurved anteriorly and much angulated between the
upper median and the radial. Foreiving with four pale ocelli, each with a lilacine
outer ring. Hindwing with six prominent ocelli, the sixth duplex, each with a
lilacine outer ring ; a lilacine spot at anal angle.

Female. TJpperside paler, more olivescent-ochreous in tint. Foreiving crossed
by an oblique discal decreasing, almost macular, white fascia, which is diffused
externally; beyond is an adjacent obsolescent white spot between the upper and
middle median veinlets. Hindwing crossed by a dusky-brown discal line, which is
angulated outward just above the upper median veinlet, the angle being darker
brown ; beyond are four large black sub marginal spots broadly circled with ochreous-
yellow; marginal line ochreous bordered. Underside paler olivescent ochreous-
brown, palest externally ; marginal lines ochreous bordered; both wings crossed by
a straight subbasal darker brown line with lilacine outer border. Foreiving also
crossed by an oblique similar discal line with broader lilacine outer fascia, beyond
which are four pale ochreous-bordered small ocelli. Findwing also crossed by
an angular discal brown line as in the male ; the six ocelli also as in the male,
each with an outer lilacine ring ; a lilacine triangular anal spot below the lower
ocellus.

Expanse, S 2f, ¥ 2f inches.

Habitat.— East India.

The only specimens of this species as yet known to us are the male type of D .
Samio in the British Museum Collection (Plate 78, fig. 2), of which no definite
locality is known, other than that of “ East India,” and the female in Dr. Felder’s
Collection, described by him as I). Purana , but without any given locality. For the

SA TYRINsE,

243

opportunity of being able to determine these two insects as the sexes of one another,
we are indebted to Dr. Rogenhofer, the Custodian of the Zoological Museum, Vienna,
who has kindly favoured us with a coloured drawing of Dr. Felder’s type specimen,
and which we reproduce on our Plate No. 78, fig. 2a.

This species is closely allied to D. Sinorix , but the male is distinguishable from
it, on the upperside, by the forewing not possessing the pale ochreous subapical
spots, and by the hindwing having the black spots and their reddish-ochreous border
more clearly defined. On the underside, the male of _D. Samio is of a redder tint
throughout; the transverse subbasal and the discal line are both narrower, less
narrow than even in D . Kansa ; on the hindwing the discal line is much outwardly -
angulated in its middle, and it is also incurved much closer towards the subbasal
line at its upper end than in either B. Sinorix or D. Kansa . On the forewing
beneath, there are only four ocelli present in B. Samio. The female (D. Purana of
Felder) differs from the same sex of D . Sinorix , on the upperside, in the forewing
having a more defined transverse discal white band, and one—the lower—subapical
spot only being present; the markings on the hindwing, however, are similar. On
the underside the colour of the female is also paler, and more ochreous in tint; and
on the forewing there are only four ocelli present; on the hindwing the discal line is
much angulated outwardly in its middle and incurved upwards nearer to the subbasal
line than in D . Sinorix .

DEBIS SINOBIX (Plate 78, fig. 3, 3a, b, <$ ?).

JDebis Sinorix, Hewitson, Exotic Butt. iii. JDebis pi. 3, fig. 19, 20 (1863), g.

Lethe Sinorix , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 118 (1868). Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India,
etc. i. p. 144 (1883). Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1888, p, 308.

Imago. —Male. Upperside glossy, dark olivescent ochreous-brown. Porewing with
a slender very indistinct dusky-black transverse subbasal and a discal straight nearly
erect line ; a subapical series of three pale ochreous yellow small round spots, between
the two upper of which is a smaller black spot, and another lower black spot between
the middle and lower median veinlets ; a slightly-apparent dusky transverse fascia
composed of glandular scales crossing the wing before the discal line. Hindwing with
a broad outer discal angular-bordered pale reddish-ochreous fascia, upon which are six
black spots, of which the upper third and the lowest are very minute; the extreme
outer margin being darker reddish-ochreous. Underside very pale olivescent-brown,
the discal area and apex of forewing washed with chalybeate lilacine-white ; marginal
lines dark purplish-red. Forewing with a subbasal and a discal transverse straight
dark purple-red thick line, and a dentate inner mark within the cell; beyond which
is a series of six small pale spots, the upper being white, the others ocellate, the
second, fifth, and sixth with black centre and white pupil, the third and fourth

i i 2

244

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA .

ochreous-yellow, the sixth being situated between the lower median and submedian.
Hind wing with a similar subbasal and discal line, the latter very slightly dentate
above the upper median, beyond which are six small-sized ocelli, each with a lilacine-
white outer ring : marginal lines bordered with lilacine-white ending in a prominent
triangular anal spot.

Female. Upperside of both wings paler than in male. Forewing with the
transverse discal dusky line externally bordered with very indistinct pale yellowish
spots ; outer marginal spots as in male. Hindwing marked as in the male. Under¬
side slightly paler throughout than in male, markings exactly the same. Body and
legs beneath, and sides of palpi pale brownish-ochreous.

Expanse, 2-g- to 2f inches.

Habitat,— Sikkim; Bhotan ; Assam ; Khasia Hills ; Burma.

Distribution. —In Sikkim, according to Mr. Elwes (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 312),
“ this must be a very rare species, as I have only one old specimen from Wilson’s
Collection, and Moller has only one, which differs from Bhotan specimens in wanting
the rufous margin of the hindwing. It occurs, however, more commonly near Buxa
in Bhotan, where Mr. Knyvett’s collectors have taken both sexes in July and
August. I have taken it at Cherra Punji in the Khasia Hills, in September.” It
was obtained by the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson in Sikkim, and at Cherra Punji. Mr. de
Niceville (Butt. Ind. i. 144) gives Cherra Punji and Sibsagur, Assam, and the Dafla
Hills, but no precise record of their capture.” Our own collection contains speci¬
mens from the Khasia Hills collected by Major Grodwin-Austen. In Burma, Dr. N.
Manders (Tr. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1890, 518) records cc one male, with rufous markings
on the hind wing well marked, from Bernardmyo, a Hill Station in the Shan States
at 7000 feet elevation.”

DEBIS MEKARA.

Wet-Season Bbood (Plate 79, fig. 1, la, b, J ?).

Debis Mekara, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. Cornpy. i. p. 219 (1857).

Letlie Mekara , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 119 (1868). Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 824. Mar¬
shall and de NTiceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 148, pi. xi. fig. 24, £ (1883). Distant, Rhop.
Malay ana, p. 413, pi. 39, fig 9, (1886). Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 309.

Imago. —Male. Upperside dark glossy olivescent ochreous-brown ; cilia pale
cinereous-ochreous. Forming with a slightly perceptible broad transverse discal
dusky-brown glandular fascia . Hindwing with four round blackish submarginal
spots, each encircled by a more or less defined narrow reddish outer ring, some spe¬
cimens with the upper or apical spot of the underside being also slightly apparent.
Underside paler; both wings crossed by a straight dark reddish-brown subbasal line
and a similar discal line, the latter being very slightly angulated on the upper median

SATYRINM

245

veinlet in the forewing and also slightly on the medians in the hindwing, both
lines also broadly bordered externally with glossy lilacine pinkish-white ; marginal
lines dark brown, slender. Forewing with five, generally six, small uniformly-sized
pale ocelli, each with minute black centre and a slightly perceptible white pupil, all
encompassed by a lilacine outer ring. Hindwing with six more prominent ocelli, the
upper and the fourth being rounded, the others more oval and the lowest duplex,
each with a dark brown-black centre speckled with white, and with a prominent
lilacine outer ring.

Female. Upperside dusky-red, apical half of the forewing, and marginal border
of hindwing darker olivescent-brown; marginal lines of hindwing dark brown and
interlined with ochreous. Forewing with an angulated, macular, white band bordering
the transverse discal blackish line, and a small white apical spot, below the latter,
in some specimens, are three small incipient pale ocelli. Hindwing with a slightly
apparent transverse discal blackish angulate line, five large black submarginal spots,
and sometimes a less apparent small lower spot, all more or less with a paler red
outer ring, or in some their outer border is of a pale ochreous tint. Underside of
the same paler colour as in male, the transverse subbasal line on both wings is straight,
but the discal line on the forewing is broadly angulated outward on the upper
median vein, and its costal end terminates inward nearer the subbasal line; the
discal line on the hindwing is also somewhat more angulated than in the male; the
discal line on the forewing has a broad lilacine-white macular outer border, and this
line on the hindwing is also more or less broadly bordered externally with
lilacine-white ; ocelli on both wings as in the male, except that on the forewing the
ocellus between the middle and upper medians is pushed slightly outward by the
white dentate spot. Body and legs beneath, and sides of palpi pale brownish-
ochreous ; antennas reddish with brown apical band.

Expanse, 2\ to 3 inches.

Dry-Season Brood (Plate 79, %. 1, c, $).

Imago. —Male. Upperside as in the wet-season brood. Underside much paler
and more uniformly coloured throughout than in the male of the wet-season brood,
and more ochreous in tint; the transverse lines very slightly, or not all, bordered
externally with glossy lilacine, the lilacine bordering to the ocelli also less, or
entirely absent; the ocelli on both wings less defined and smaller, especially those
on the hindwing.

Expanse, £ 2f inches.

HABITAT.—Sikkim ; Assam; Khasia Hills; Burma; Malayia.

Distribution. —According to Mr. Elwes (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1888, 313) this is cc a
common species in the low valleys and up to 5000 feet, in Sikkim, from March to

246

L LPID 0 PTE BA INDICA .

November. It frequents bamboos, and when disturbed flies into the thick foliage,
where it settles on a bamboo-stem with closed wings, and is difficult to see. Like several
of its congeners, it prefers shady to sunny places.” Specimens from Shillong, Assam,
are in Mr. P. Crowley's collection. Capt. E. Y. Watson, in his “Notes on Chin-
Lushai butterflies 55 (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Sec. 1891, 10), records it “ from Tilin,
in the Chin Hills, taken in May.” Major C. H. E. Adamson (Catal. Butterflies col¬
lected in Burma, p. 8) states that it is “ sparsely spread throughout Burma from
June to August.” Mr. 0. Limborg (P. Z. S. 1878, 824) obtained it at Ahsown,
2000 feet, and at Taoo, 3000 to 5000 feet, in Upper Tenasserim.” “ Capt. C. T.
Bingham took it in the Donat range, Tenasserim, in February and April” (Butt, of
India, i. 148). There is a specimen of the male from Mergui, collected by Commander
Carpenter, R.N., in the British Museum collection.

Distribution outside Indian area. —In the Malay Peninsula Mr. Distant (Shop.
Malay. 414) records it from Perak, and Malacca, where Capt. Godfrey observed it
frequenting dark shady places, passing the day at the foot of a tuft of bamboo, or
on low shrubs under shady trees, and when disturbed it goes off with a rapid flight,
soon settling again, however, unless it has been several times alarmed.” A specimen
from Salanga Island is in the British Museum. A male in our own collection, from
Sumatra, collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace, is undoubtedly Mekara. An example from
Sarawak, Borneo, is also in the British Museum collection. This species will also
probably include the Javan JD. Manthara (Felder, Reise Novara, iiL p. 497).

Of our illustrations of this species on Plate 79, figs. 1, la, b, represents the
male and female of the wet-season brood; and fig. 1, c, the underside of the male
of the dry-season brood; all from Sikkim.

DEBIS SATYAVATI (Plate 80, fig. 2, 2a, ?).

Lethe Saty avail, de JNiceville, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1880, p. 246, $ . Marshall and de NTceville,
Butt, of India, i. p. 554 (1883), $.

Imago. — “ Female. Upperside dull brown, paler towards the margins. Fore -
wing with an indistinct submarginal darker line. Hindwing with a submarginal
series of four rounded spots darker than the ground-colour, placed one in each
interspace above the first median nervule ; two maginal darker lines defined inwardly
by paler lines than the ground-colour. Underside pale brown, with no ochreous tint,
and washed with lilac, especially on the outer half. Both wings crossed by a
prominent brown nearly straight subbasal line outwardly margined with lilac. Fore¬
wing with an irregular discal transverse brown line ; a bar in the cell within the sub-
basal line; five indistinct submarginal ocelli circled with lilac and brown on a lilac
ground ; and a yellowish marginal line edged on both sides with dusky, within
which is a brown waved band on the lilac ground between the ocelli and the margin.

»

SATYRINjE.

247

Hindwing with, a discal very much angled dark-brown line, within which, is a very
distinct lilac litura above the third median nervule and just beyond the apex of the
cell; tlie sub marginal ocelli large, the upper one distinctly pupilled with white, and
all of them profusely speckled with white; the usual marginal markings. 55 Male
unknown.

Expanse, 2f 0 inches.

Habitat. —Sibsagar, Assam.

The male of this species is unknown. The type specimen, from which the
illustrations on our Plate No. 80, fig. 2, 2a, are taken, is in the Indian Museum,
Calcutta, and has been kindly lent to us for this purpose, by Prof. J. Wood-Mason.

DEBIS CHANDICA (Plate 79, fig. 2, 2a, b, $ ?).

Debis Chcmdica, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. Compy. i. p. 219 (1857).

Lethe Chandica , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 119 (1868).

Imago.— Male. Upperside dusky-brown, darkest basally; cilia pale cinereous-
ochreous. Foreiving with the discal transverse glandular fascia broadl and peceptibly
blacleish. Hindwing with the four, or five, submarginal blackish spots scarcely
visible, in some they are more or less apparent, whilst in some Sikkim specimens
taken in March, these spots are more or less distinctly red bordered. Underside
pale greyish ochreous-brown, more or less purplish tinged; marginal lines promi¬
nent and ochreous bordered. Both wings with a dark red-brown angulated subbasal
line, and a more irregularly-angulated discal line, the latter line on the forewing
being obsolescent anteriorly, and on the hindwing much angularly projected outward
on the middle median, both lines on the forewing being pale lilacine bordered exter¬
nally, and the intermediate area between the lines on thehindwing ochreous towards
the costa and increasingly dark brown bordering the outer angles. Foreiving with
six small almost equaBsized pale ocelli, each with a slightly-defined minute blackish
centre and a scarcely visible white pupil, and outer lilacine ring. Hindwing with six
prominent ocelli, each with a black-brown and white-speckled centre, the upper
ocellus being the largest and rounded, the second reniform, the others more oval,
and all encompassed by a lilacine outer border.

Eemale. Upperside dusky-red, the apical half of fore wing and outer margin of
hindwing blackish-brown. Forewing with an angular discal white macular band,
composed of three portions, beyond which is a submarginal series of six
more or less defined small black white-bordered ocellated spots. Hindwing
with the inner marginal border and the median area blackish-brown; marginal
lines prominent and ochreous bordered anteriorly; six submarginal more or less
defined large ocellate spots, each with a black centre, pale reddish iris, black
outer ring, and all more or less with a pale ochreous border. Underside of the

248

LEPIDOPTERA INDIO A.

same ground-colour as in male, the prominent transverse subbasal and discal angu-
lated line, as on upperside, also the same, but the latter line with darker brown
interior border, and with a triangular dark-brown portion before the apex on the
forewing; marginal lines prominent; ocelli on both wings somewhat larger than
in male, and much more prominent. Body beneath, legs, and sides of palpi pale
ochreous ; antennas ochreous with brown apical band.

Expanse, 2^- to 3 inches.

Habitat. —Sikkim ; Assam ; Khasia Hills ; Burma.

Distribution.— cc Not uncommon in the lower valleys in Sikkim, where Mr. Otto
Moller has taken it in May, August, and October. The late Mr. Cock took it at
Shillong. It also occurs in the Khasia Hills and Silhet. Mr. A. 0. Hume took it
in the eastern hills in Manipur in May" 5 (Butt, of India, 149). The late Mr. W.
S. Atkinson obtained it in Cherra Punji in October. According to Mr. Elwes
(Trans. Ent. Soc. 1888, 314) it is common in Sikkim at the same elevation and in
the same months as D. Melcara , and has very similar habits.” Major C. H. E.
Adamson (List of Burmese Butterflies, p. 8) records it from the Arakan Hills. Dr.
N. Manders (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 518) obtained it at Fort Stedman, 3200 feet, in the
Shan States during the rainy season.” “ Capt. 0. T. Bingham took it in the
Thoungyeen forests in Upper Tenasserim, in September.” Signor Leonardo Fea
obtained it in the Karen Hills in September and October. A specimen of the male
labelled “ Sumatra,” is in the British Museum.

DEBIS DISTANS (Plate 80, fig. 1, la, b, <$ $ ).

Lethe Distans , Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1870, p. 448, ; id. Lep. Exotica, p. 87, pi. 33, fig. 4,

6, 7, c? ? (1872). Marshall and de JSTiecville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 148 (1883). Elwes, Trans.
Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, pp. 309, 313.

Imago. —Male. Upperside olivescent ochreous-brown. Forewing with faint
indication of a dusky transverse discal glandular fascia. Hindwing with the outer
half red, the dividing discal line angulated at the upper median veinlet; a sub¬
marginal series of five black spots, of which the three lower are small. Underside
pale ochreous-brown, the darker shades more olivescent-brown; marginal lines dark
brown ; transverse subbasal and discal dark brown line narrow, the former slightly
angulated, the latter on the forewing angulated on the upper and middle medians
(more acutely tha n in D. Chandica), and on the hind wing acutely angulated on
the upper median (but less so than in D. Chandica). Forewifig with six pale ocelli.
Hindwing with six ocelli, each with a black centre and white speckles, these ocelli
are of simflar shape to but smaller than those of D. Chandica.

Female. Upperside ferruginous-red. Forewing with the apical half dusky
ferruginous-brown; crossed by an angular discal macular white band, composed of

SA TYR1N2E,

249

tliree portions as in Chandica, but the upper portion smaller and narrower, these
white spots externally bordering the dark angular discal line; beyond is a white
apical spot and some very slight indications of pale lower spots. Hindwing with a
slightly-defined discal angulated brown line, and five outer pale-ringed black spots,
the two upper of which are the largest and obliquely oval in shape ; marginal border
brownish, marginal lines dark brown. Underside pale olivescent ochreous-brown,
the inner borders of the discal line, the triangular costal patch, and the marginal
lines dark brown. Forewing with a dark brown slightly-angulated subbasal line, and
an angular discal white macular band, as on upperside, beyond which are six pale
ochreous-brown ocelli, the one between the middle and upper median being pushed
outward by the dentate white spot. Hindwing with a slightly-angulated subbasal
line, and an irregular-angulated discal line, which latter is acutely pointed and
extended upon the upper median veinlet; six outer ocelli, the three upper and the
lowest with black centre speckled with white, the fourth and fifth paler but similar,
all are smaller and narrower than in Chandica and more or less reniform in shape, the
upper one being somewhat the largest. Body beneath, legs, and sides of palpi pale
ochreous.

Expanse, c? 2§, ? 3| inches.

Habitat. —Sikkim ; Bhotan.

Distinguishable from D. Chandica in the male having on the upperside the
exterior half of the hindwing red, the underside paler, the discal line on the forewing
more acutely angulated on the upper and middle median, but less so on the hindwing,
and on the hindwing the ocelli are all smaller, less prominently developed, but
similarly shaped. In the female, the upperside is paler and brighter coloured, the
macular white angular band composed of somewhat smaller portions, and the black
spots on the hindwing more defined. On the underside the ground-colour is similar
to that of Mehara , but more ochreous in tint than in Chandica , the subbasal line on
both wings is less regular than in Mehara but is also less angulated than in Chandica ,
the white macular-bordered angular discal line on the forewing is more concave pos¬
teriorly than in Mehara 9 but less so than in Chandica , and on the hindwing the discal
line is projected more outward upon the upper median than in Mehara , but much
less so than in Chandica; in Bistans these two lines on the hindwing are nearer each
other than in Mehara , and the discal line on this wing is much less incurved at its
anterior end than in Chandica ; the ocelli on the forewing are similar to those in
Mehara , these, in both species, being smaller than those in Chandica ; the ocelli on the
hindwing are also smaller and more regularly reniform in shape.

It is probable that distans may be ultimately proved to be the dry-season form
of Chandica .

Distribution.— There are specimens of both sexes, from Darjiling, in the
vol. i. — March 4th, 1892. k k

250

LEPIDOPTERA INDIO A.

Hewitson Collection at tlie British Museum, and two females in our own cabinet.
Mr. Blwes (Tr. Ent. Soc..l888, 314) records “ a pair taken by Mr. Knyvett atBuxa,
in Bliotan. 55

Of the illustrations of this species on our Plate No- 80, fig. 1 represents the
male, and figs. 1, la, the type female, described and figured by Mr. Butler in the
Lep. Exotica.

DEBXS VINDHYA.

Wet-season Brood (Plate 81, fig. 1, la, b, c, <£,$).

Debis Vindhya , Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats, iii. p. 402 (1859), g.

Lethe Vindhya , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 119 (1868). Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of
India, etc. i. p. 146 (1883). Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, pp. 309, 313.

Lethe Alberta , Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1871, p„ 283, £ ; id . Lep. Exotica, p. 87, pi. 33,
fig. 5 (1872), $ . Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 147 (1883).

Imago. —Male. Upperside dark violescent ochreous-brown; cilia alternated
with cinereous. Foreiving with an indistinctly-defined transverse discal erect
straight diffused dusky line. Hindwing with a similar wavy curved discal line, be¬
yond which is a series of five large blackish spots, each with a slight rufescent outer
ring, the four upper blind, the fifth with a minute white pupil; at the anal angle is
a more or less indistinct sixth minute ocellus. Underside dark olivescent ochreous-
brown ; crossed by a glossy lilacine-blue outer-bordered straight subbasal dark
brown line and a discal line, the latter line on the hindwing being very slightly but
bluntly angulated on the median veins; a short lilacine-bordered streak also crossing
middle of the cell of the forewing; marginal lines dark brown. Forewing with a
slightly curved series of six ocelli, the upper one sometimes undeveloped, each with
very small black centre and white pupil, an ochreous ring, then a brown ring, and lastly
an outer lilacine-blue ring. Hindiving with a series of six prominent black ocelli, the
upper first and fifth the largest, the lowest duplex, each with a white pupil, an
ochreous ring, then a brown ring, and lastly a distinct glossy lilacine-blue outer
ring; inner marginal line also lilacine bordered and with a subanal lilacine tri¬
angular streak.

Female. IJpperside somewhat paler. Forewing with the transverse discal
line more or less slightly sinuous and also slightly pale-bordered externally; the
anterior ocelli of the underside being also slightly visible. Kindwing with more pro¬
minent ocelli, and each with brighter reddish-ochreous outer ring. Underside some¬
what paler than upperside; the transverse lines the same, though the discal line on
the hindwing is slightly more angular; ocelli the same. Body and legs beneath pale
brownish-ochreous ; sides of palpi ochreous-white; antennae reddish-ochreous with
pale rings and blackish subterminal band.

Expanse, <S 2f to 2|, ? 3 to 3~ inches.

SATYRINM*

251

Dry-Season Brood (Plate 81, fig. 1, d, e, <$, $.)

Debis Dolopes , Hewitson, Ent. Monthly Mag. 1872, p. 85, $ .

Lethe Dolopes , Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 147 (1883).

Imago.— Male. Upperside as in the wet-season brood, except that the black
spots on the hindwing are somewhat smaller. Underside with the basal two-thirds
dark brown, but slightly paler and of a duller tint than in the wet-season brood;
the transverse pale-bordered subbasal and discal line and the cell streak the same ;
the outer borders of both wings much paler and of a very pale olivescent-ochreous
colour, which contrasts strongly with the dark basal portion. Forewing with the
five ocelli smaller and much less defined. FLindwing also with the ocelli smaller and
less defined, being about half the size of those in the wet-season brood.

Female. Upperside paler than in male. Forewing with the transverse discal
sinuous line distinctly pale bordered. Hindiving .with the black spots distinctly
ochreous ringed. Underside as in the male, but paler throughout.

Expanse, o 2f, $ 2f to 3J inches.

Habitat. —Sikkim; Bhutan ; Assam; Kliasia and Naga Hills; Chittagong;
Arakan; Upper Tenasserim.

To Dr. Rogenhofer, the Custodian of the Zoological Museum, Vienna, we are
indebted for having kindly favoured us with a coloured drawing of the type speci¬
men described by Dr. Felder as D. Vindhya , and thus enabling us to identify it as
being the same as Mr. Butler’s D. Alberta .

Regarding the fact that Vindhya represents the wet-season form and Dolopes the
dry-season form of this species, there can be no possible doubt.

Of the illustrations of this species on our Plate Ho. 81, figs. 1, la, b, c, repre¬
sent the male and female of the wet-season brood, from the Khasia Hills, and fig.
Id, a male of the dry-season brood, also from the Khasia Hills, kindly lent for this
purpose by Mr. H. J. Elwes, and fig. le, that of the female of the dry-season brood,
this latter being the Dolopes of Hewitson.

Distbibution.—A ccording to Mr. H. J. Elwes (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 313 ), cc this
species is very rare in Sikkim and in Bhutan, and in the Khasia Hills. Mr. Giammie
took a single female close to his house, at 3800 feet, in August. Messrs. Knyvett
and Moller’s native collectors took specimens near Buxa in Bhutan, and I took a
single male myself near Cherra Funji in the Khasia Hills, at the end of September,
at about 2500 feet.” Specimens of the wet-season brood from Shillong and the
Haga Hills are in the collection of Mr. P. Crowley. “ In the Indian Museum, Cal¬
cutta, there are males from Sibsagar, Assam” (Butt, of India, 146). Specimens
were taken by Lieut. D* Thompson on the Chittagong side of the Chin Hills, in the
cold weather, during the Chin-Lushai Expedition of 1889-90 (Journ. Bomb. N. H.

k k 2

252

LEPID OPTERA UVD IGA.

Soc. 1890, 295), and by Gapt. E. T. Watson on the Burmese side of these
hills during the same expedition, “ three males and one female being taken at Tiling,
1000 feet, in March ” (J. Bomb. N. H. Soc. 1891, 10). Major C. H. E. Adamson
(Cat. Butterflies collected in Burma, p. 8) records “ three specimens from the Moul-
mein District and Arakan, in April. 55 Capt. 0. T. Bingham (Butt. Ind. 146) “took a
single male in the Donat Range, Upper Tenasserim, in January. A specimen from
Tenasserim, taken by Capt. Bingham is in the British Museum Collection.

DEBIS SEEBGNXS (Plate 80, fig. 3, 8a, b, $ ? ).

Debts Serbonis, Hewitson, Ent. Monthly Mag. 1876, p. 151; id . Desc. Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 2 3 pi. 1,
figs. 4, 5 (1879), $.

Lethe Serbonis , Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 155 (1883). Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc.
Bond. 1888, p. 310.

Imago. —Male. Upperside dark olivescent ochreous-brown, glossy ; marginal
lines and a submarginal fascia dusky-brown ; cilia edged with cinereous. Forewing
crossed by an extremely indistinct broad dusky discal glandular fascia, which is clothed
with long and short broad ribbed-scales with dentated tips, and intervening long
slender androconia with rounded or truncated base and hair-like tasselled tips, some
shorter, stouter hair-tipt scales : and long slender interspersed hairs ; beyond which
is a pale subapical spot and below the latter a small blackish spot. Hindwing with
four small submarginal blackish spots, the lowest being most distinct, white pupilled
and slightly pale ringed. Underside bright pale olivescent ochreous-brown. Fore -
wing crossed by a dark red-brown subbasal line, an inner and an outer short line
within the cell, and a wavy—almost sinuous—discal band, the latter pale ochreous
bordered externally at its costal end; beyond'is a pale ochreous subapical spot cut
by the veins, and below it are two small perfect pale brown ocelli, followed by a sub¬
marginal dark brown fascia and two marginal lines. Hindwing crossed by a pro¬
minent red-brown subbasal and a discal wavy line, a series of six prominent ocelli,
the upper first, the fifth and sixth being the largest, the sixth duplex, each with a
black centre, white pupil, ochreous ring, a black ring, and then an outer ochreous ring,
the second, third and fourth the smallest and with minute black centre, white pupil,
and similar outer rings; marginal lines dark brown, the inner line bordered
posteriorly with red-brown.

Female. Upperside somewhat paler olivescent-brown, glossy; dark marginal
lines and submarginal fascia distinct. Forewing distinctly palest beyond the trans¬
verse discal prominent dusky line, which is slightly undulate, paler bordered
externally especially at its costal end; the subapical pale spot and slightly visible
lower pale-bordered black spots. Hindwing with five submarginal pale-bordered
black spots, the lowest with a white pupil. Underside with the ground-colour much

SA TYDINJE.

253

paler and of a brighter ochreous tint than in the male; the transverse markings also
brighter red-brown. Forewing with the pale outer-bordered discal line inwardly
suffused with red-brown; and three ocelli present below the pale subapical spot.
Hindwing similarly marked. Body beneath and legs ochreous ; sides of palpi and
forelegs beneath paler; antennse dark ochreous, with black subterminal band.

Expanse, 2J, ? 2f inches.

Habitat.—S ikkim.

Distribution.—“ Not uncommon in Sikkim, in the dense virgin forests on
Tonglo, Tendong, and Sinchul, from 7000 to 9000 feet, in the rainy season between
June and September.” (Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 317.)

Indo-Malayan and Chinese allied Species oe Debis. — D. Chinensis (Leech).
Allied to D. Chandica . Habitat . W. China.— I). Negrito , Felder, Wien. Ent. Monat.
1863, p. 124. Syn. D. Isabella, Butler, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 41, pi. 3, fig. 4, $ . Habitat .
Philippines.-— D . Manthara , Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. iii. p. 497 (1867). Butler,
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 403, pi. 9, fig. 9, <$. Closely allied to D. MeJcara , but
somewhat paler beneath, with glossy whitish borders to the transverse lines and also
to the ocelli. Examples in the Hewitsonian and British Museum Collection. Habitat .
Java.— D. Hecate (Leech, Entomologist, 1891, p. 3). Habitat. W. China.— D.
Gy rene (Leech, Entomologist, 1890, p. 27). Habitat . W. China.— D. Davicli^
Oberthiir, Etudes Entom. vi. p. 15, pi. 7, fig. 5 (1881). Habitat. W. China.— D.
Laodamia (Lethe Laodamia, Leech, Entomologist, 1891, p. 67). Habitat. —W.China.

The following is a Chinese allied genus and species. (Jen. nov. Placilla.
Wings broad. Male. Upper surface scarcely hairy. Foreiving triangular, exterior
margin slightly scalloped; with an indistinctly defined dusky broad transverse discal
glandular fascia. Hindwing broadly ovate; exterior margin convex and acutely
scalloped; with a conspicuous large rounded glandular patch of bladcish lustrous
scales situated upon the lower disc and extending across the middle and lower
median veinlets. Type P. Christophi (Lethe Christophi, Leech, Entomologist,
1891, p. 67). Habitat. W. China. A second species of this genus is P. Camilla
(Lethe Camilla, Leech, id. p. 3). Habitat. W. China.

Genus LETHE.

Lethe , Hiibner, Yerz. bek. Sclnnett. p. 56 (1816). Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 16 (1880). Distant,
Rhop. Malayana, p. 43 (1882). Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. A. and S. Boston, 1875, p. 205.

Lethe (group 2, part), Marshall and de Meeville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 143 (1883). Elwes, Trans.
Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 309.

Delis (part), Doubleday and Westwood, Gen. D. Lep. p. 358 (1851).

Imago.—W ings broad; basal area hairy. Forewing triangular; costa arched,
apex convex, exterior margin waved, slightly concave, posterior margin long,

254

LEPIDOPTERA INDIGA.

straight; costal, median, and submedian vein slightly swollen; cell broad across the
middle; discocellulars bent close to upper end and at one-third, lower excurved,
radials from the angles; median veinlets equidistant and wide apart. Hindwing
short; costa convex, exterior margin sinuous and bluntly tailed at end of upper
median, abdominal margin long; cell rather short and broad ; discocellulars oblique,
rounded in the middle; two upper medians from end of the cell. Body rather stout;
eyes densely clothed with short very fine hairs ; antenna with an elongated slender
club.

Adult Caterpillar. —Fusiform ; head conical, the vertex pointed and projected
forward, anal segment acutely pointed and projected hindward.

Chrysalis. —Suspended by the tail; broad, and truncated anteriorly, abdominal
segments dorsally convex, head and vertex both pointed.

Type. —L. Europa.

LETHE EUROPA (Plate 82, figs. 1, la,$ ? ).

Papilio Europa, FaUricius, Syst. Ent. p. 500, (1775); Ent. Syst. iii. i. p. 76 (1793).

Oreas Marmorea Europa , Htibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. Band i. pi. 90, fig. 1-4 (1805).

Lethe Europa, Hiibner, Yerz. bek. Schmett. p. 56 (1816). Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 114
(1868); Catal. Eabr. Lep. B. M. p. 29 (1869). Distant, Bhop. Malay, p. 43, pi. 5, fig. 5, 6, $ $
(1882). Marshall and de FTiceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 149 (1883). Staudinger, Exot. Schmett.
p. 221, pi. 78, $ (1887).

Satyrus Europa, Godart, Eney. Metli. ix. p. 478 (1819).

Delis Europa , Westwood, Gen. D. Lep. p. 359 (1851).

Papilio Beroe , Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 79, fig. C. D. (1779), $ .

Imago. —Male. Upperside olivescent ochreous-brown; marginal line slender,
blackish, and narrowly bordered with pale ochreous broadly interrupted with dusky-
black ; cilia alternated with pale ochreous. Forewing with the transverse subbasal
line, the oblique discal band, and the ocelli of the underside more or less apparent;
two more clearly defined superposed apical whitish spots. Hindwing with a series
of more or less obsolescent dusky-black submarginal spots, the subapical spot
coalescing with the dusky margin. Underside much darker olivescent ochreous-
brown ; crossed by a prominent violet-white subbasal narrow band on both wings.
Forewing with a broad short oblique discal band, which is violet-white anteriorly and
ochreous posteriorly, and terminates at the middle of the incurved series of six pale
violet blind ocelli, each of which has a small irregular-shaped pale-bordered blackish
centre, and all encompassed within a violet-white outer bordering line; apex of wing
with a small violet patch; marginal line ochreous bordered. Hindwing with an
acutely sinuous angulated discal line, contiguous to which are six large longitudin¬
ally-narrow, confluent, dark ochreous ocelli, the lowest being duplex, each having a

SATYRIN2E.

255

large black centre speckled with ochreons-white scales, the black centres of the five
lower ocelli being more or less irregularly broken and incomplete, the upper ocellus
is the largest and more oval in shape, all being encompassed by a prominent violet
outer sinuous line, the inner portion of this line forming the violet border to the dark
sinuous discal line; marginal line with a violet inner-bordering line.

Female. TTpperside either somewhat paler or of a more dusky-brown than the
male ; marginal line whitish-bordered. Foreiving with a prominent transverse oblique
discal broad pure white entire band, the apical white spots similar. Hindwing with
the pale-bordered dusky-black ocelli of the underside more or less indistinctly
visible. Underside of the same colour as in male; markings the same, except that
on the forewing the oblique white band extends to near the posterior angle and
nearly obliterates the ocellus between the middle and lower median veinlets; the
ocelli on the hindwing are also sometimes more elongated. Body beneath dark
brown; legs beneath and sides of palpi pale brownish-ochreous.

Expanse, 2§ to 3J inches.

Habitat.— Plains of India ; W. and E. Himalayas; Assam; Khasias; Burma;
Andamans ; Mai ay i a ; China.

Distribution within Indian Area.' —In his list of Kumaon butterflies (J. A. S.
Beng. 1886, 115), Mr. Doherty records it from “Ranibagh at the foot of the hills,
1000 feet. 35 Mr, de Niceville took it in October in Sikkim Terai (J. A. S. Beng.
1880, 49). According to Mr. Elwes (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 314), “ this is not a com¬
mon butterfly in Sikkim. It is probably rather an inhabitant of the plains, and only
a straggler in the low valleys of Sikkim. 35 Mr. J. A. Betham (Journ. Bombay Hat.
Hist. Soc. 1890, 157) obtained it in the Central Provinces, and says, “ this is a shade-
loving insect, but is easily procured in the evening at sugar. They are also fond of
Mhowa (Bassia latifolia ) refuse after the spirit has been extracted from the flowers.
It is shy and easily scared. 53 It was taken by the late Dr. F. Day at Coonoor, and
Mr. Hampson (J. A. S. Beng. 1888, 348) obtained it on the Nilgiris from 3000 to
5000 feet; rather rare. Mr. W. C. Taylor (List of Orissa Butterflies, p. 2) records
it as not uncommon at Ivhorda. The late Mr. W. S. Atkinson obtained it in the
neighbourhood of Calcutta, and “ Major Marshall found it commonly in the Barrack-
pore Park in November. 55 (Butt. India, i. 150). Mr. J. Rothery (Ent. Mo. Mag.
1882, 34) also records it from Barrackpore Park near Calcutta, and Mr. de
Niceville (J. A. S. Beng. 1885, 42) says that “ in the Calcutta District this species is
found in the cold weather affecting dry ditches, occurring also during the rainy
season.” Mr. Wood-Mason (J. A. S. Beng. 1886, 350) records “several specimens
taken in the forests around Silchar in Cachar.” Major Godwin-Austen obtained it
in the Khasias, and the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson took it in Silhet and Cherra Punji.

256

LEPID OPT ERA IN DIO A.

Mr. de Niceville also records it from Assam. Major C. H. E. Adamson (Catal. of
Burmese Butterflies, p. 8) states that it is cc common in Burma. 55 Capt. E. Y.
Watson (Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1891, 10) obtained it during the Chin-Lushai
Expedition of 1889-90, “ from Pauk to Tilin, in November, and at Tilin from Novem¬
ber to May. 55 Signor Leonardo Fea obtained it at Bhamo in November. In Upper
Tenasserim, cc Capt. C. T. Bingham took it from. December to April 55 (Butt. India,
i. 150). Messrs. Elwes and de Niceville (J. A. S. Beng. 1887, 417) records it from
Tavoy, and Dr. J. Anderson (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, 32) obtained it in
“ Mergui during March. 55 In the Andamans, the late Mr. F. A. de Boepstorff
(P. Z. S. 1877, 582) took numerous specimens at Port Blair.

Distribution outside Indian Area. —It was obtained in Siam by the late Mr.
Mouhot. Mr. Distant (Bhop. Malayana, p. 43) records it from Malacca and Penang
Island, a appearing in paddy-fields at dusk. 55 Mr. W. Doherty (J. A. S. Beng. 1891,
24) obtained it on Engano Island (Nias group), remarking that it was scarce. 55 It
is also recorded from Sumatra. The late Dr. Horsfield (Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. i.
p. 216) took it in Java, these specimens being identical with Indian examples. Mr.FL
Druce (P. Z. S. 1873, 339) records it from Borneo. I have it from Sarawak. Herr
Gr. Semper (Beisen Arckipel. Philippen Lep. i. p. 44) records it from Luzon and
Mindanao. Specimens from Hong Kong are in Mr. J. H. Leech’s Collection, and
also in the British Museum. The late Consul B. Swinhoe (P. Z. S. 1878, 698)
obtained it on the Island of Hainan and also on Formosa (P. Z. S. 1866, 360) re¬
marking that it u loves to cluster on bamboo stems.” There is a specimen of the
female in the British Museum from Iviukiang on the Yangzee, W. China. Speci¬
mens have been verified from all the above-mentioned localities. It does not occur
in Celebes, as has been recorded by Herr Snellen, the species from the latter island
being L . Arcucita , Butler, and totally distinct both from L. Europa and from L a
Arete, Cram., from Sula—as verified by personal comparison of specimens of both
sexes of these species in our own collection.

LETHE TAMTJNA (Plate 82, fig. 2, ?).

Lethe Tamwna , de Niceville, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1887, p. 449, pi. 89, fig. 6, $ .

Imago. —Male unknown . “ Female. Upperside dull, dark fulvous. Forewing

with the apical half fuscous, bearing two pure white spots below the costa, placed
midway between the apex and the median ochreous band, the upper of the two spots
much the smaller, and divided into two portions by the fourth subcostal nervule;
below these spots in the upper discoidal interspace is an obscure oval black spot;
near the margin are four bright ochreous lunules placed between the veins from

8A TYRIJSTM

257

the lower discoidal nervule to the inner angle, beyond these lunules in each inter¬
space is a fine ochreous line; across the disk of the wing, from the middle of the
costa to near the inner angle, is a broad bright ochreous band, its inner edge nearly
straight and even, its outer edge produced into points between the veins, the lower
portion of the band composed of two spots (the lower one very small) in the sub¬
median interspace. Hindwing with the ocelli of the underside more or less showing-
through by transparency; a series of bright ochreous lunules with inner dark
borders placed near the outer margin between the veins, with a darker ochreous line
beyond. Underside dull brown. Forming with a whitish subbasal line crossing
the middle of the discoidal cell from the subcostal to the submedian nervure; the
broad discal band as above, but with its edges more even and wider at its lower
end ; beyond it are four ill-shaped ocelli with black pupils dotted with white, a pale
violet ring, then a browner ring and an outer pale violet ring; the margin marked
much as above. Hindiving with a subbasal line in continuation of that on the fore¬
wing, not reaching the abdominal margin; a discal series of ocelli placed on a pale
violet band, which more or less follows their outline ; the upper ocellus very large,
its centre deep black dotted with white, then a broad rich ochreous ring, outwardly
defined with a fuscous ring ; the next largest ocellus is in the first median interspace,
with two very small, equal-sized ocelli in the interspaces above and below it, and
two very small and indistinct ocelli divided by the discoidal nervule; the bright
ochreous lunules on the margin of the upper side white, almost silvery on the under*
side.”

“ Expanse, ? 2f inches.”

Habitat. —Little Nicobar.

cc This is a local form of the widely-distributed L. Europa , which occurs in the
Andamans (but is replaced apparently in the Nicobars by this species). The female
may be at once distinguished from the same sex of L. Europa by its more tawny
coloration on the upperside, the discal hand bright ochreous instead of white, with its
outer edge more irregular, and by the underside of the hindwing having four well-
formed perfect ocelli; in L. Europa the black middle portion of all the ocelli except
the upper one is entirely disintegrated and broken up into black dots. Mr. E. H.
Man obtained a single specimen on Little Nicobar.”

The illustration of this species on our Plate 82, fig, 2, represents the female,
reproduced from Mr. L. de Niceville’s figure of the type specimen.

LETHE DBYPETES (Plate 83, figs. 1, la, b, c, d, $ , and larva and pupa).

Debts Drypetes , Hewitson, Exotic Butterflies, iii. p. 76, Debts pi. 2, figs. 11, 12 (1863), $ .

Lethe Drypetes , Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. .p. 17, pi. 8, figs. 1, a, b, <$ $ (1880); id. pi. 210, figs, 5, 5a,
larva and pupa.

L 1

VOL. I.

258

LEPIDOPTEEA INDICA.

Debis embolima, Butler, Ent. Monthly Mag. iii. p. 77 (1866), $ ; id. Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 115
(1868).

Lethe Todara , Moore, Trans. Ent. Soe. Bond. 1881, p, 305. Marshall and de N’iceville, Butt, of India,
etc. i. p. 151 (1883). Hampson, J. A. S. Beng. 1888, p. 348.

Imago.— Male. Upperside dark olivescent ochreous-brown, glossy; marginal
lines darker brown ; cilia brownish-ockreous. Forewing without markings, except a
faint trace of a pale apical spot, and of the blackish ocelli of the underside. Hind¬
wing with three or four submarginal very indistinct small black spots. Underside
dark brown, suffused with a more or less vinaceous tint; both wings with a trans¬
verse subbasal wavy purplish-grey bordered dark duplex line. Foreiving with a dark
brown oblique transverse discal purplish-bordered band, which is angulated at end
of the cell and below the lower median veinlet; followed by a submarginal curved
row of five small purple-bordered ocelli, the upper one being ill-defined, and a
marginal narrow dark brown pale-bordered line. Hindwing with a transverse discal
medially-angulated purple-bordered dark brown line; a submarginal row of six
purple-grey bordered ocelli, the upper one and the fifth only being regularly formed,
with a black centre, white pupil and ochreous outer ring, the others are longitudinally
oval and numerously white-speckled, the sixth being duplex ; marginal line distinct
and purple-grey bordered.

Female. Upperside paler olivaceous ochreous-brown, externally dusky-brown.
Foreiving with an oblique transverse discal ochreous-white irregular band broken by
the upper and middle median veinlets, and extending only to the lower median vein-
let ; two small subapical oclireous-white spots, and three submarginal small indistinct
black spots. Hindwing with four upper submarginal ockreous-yellow bordered black
spots, the upper second spot being large, quadrate, and extending to the pale-
bordered marginal line, the third and fourth smaller and black, the upper first and
the two lowest being the ocelli of the underside more or less indistinctly indicated.
Underside paler, markings as in the male, except that on the fore wing the oblique
discal band is purplish-white, the lower submarginal ocellus sometimes absent, or
present only as a minute brown dot; and the ocelli on both wings are more pro¬
minent and bordered with purplish-white. Body beneath, legs and palpi at the sides
brownish ochreous.

Expanse, 2\ to 2f inches.

Adult Caterpillar. —Fusiform ; head conical, the vertex pointed and projected
forward, anal segment acutely pointed and projected hindward. Colour pale green
with paler transverse lines on each segment, a lateral and a sublateral pale-bordered
reddish stripe extending the whole length, including the head and anal segment.
Feeds on bamboo.

SATYJtlNJE.

259

Chkysalis. —Suspended by the tail; broad, and truncated anteriorly, abdominal
segments dorsally convex, head and vertex both pointed ; colour pale green.

Habitat. —S. India; Ceylon.

There is no distinctive difference between South Indian specimens and those of
Ceylon.

Distribution. —In his “ List of Orissa Butterflies,” p. 2, Mr. W. C. Taylor
records it as “ not uncommon at Khurda.” Specimens have been “ taken at Mynall,
at 2000 feet in May,” also at 3000 feet in March and April, and “ at Trevandrum in
June,” as well as at Calicut in September (Butt. India, 151). Mr. G. F. Hampson
(J. A. S. Beng. 1888, 348) obtained it on the “ Nilgiris at 3000 to 5000 feet, being
common in the low country jungles and on the slopes of the Hills.” A female
obtained by Mr. Davidson on the Anaymalai Hills, 3000 to 4000 feet, South of the
Palghat Gap, is in the Collection of Mr. F. D. Godman. In Ceylon, Capt. Hutchison
(Lep. Ceylon, i. 18), took it “ in the Hills of the Central Province, at 3000 feet and
slightly above, at all times; being very local, and found in several spots of limited
extent.” Mr. F. M. Mackwood notes that it is “ sometimes found at lower elevations,

but as a rule over 3000 feet.” Mr. B. E. Green captured it at Pundaloya in

¥

March, and April.

Of the illustrations of this species on our Plate jSTo. 83, figs. 1, la, b, c,
represent the male and female, and fig. Id the larva and pupa from drawings
made by Mr. E. Ernest Green in Ceylon ; the larva having been taken feeding on
Bamboo.

LETHE LYETA (Plate 82, figs. 3, 3a, b, c, ? ).

Debts Dyrta , Felder, Eeise Eovara, Lep. iii. p. 497 (1867), ?

Lethe Dyrta , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 115 (1868); id. P. Z, S. 1886, p. 357. Marshall and
de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 152, pi. 10, fig. 22, d ? (1883). Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc.
Bond. 1888, p. 309. Staudinger, Exot. Schmett. p. 221, pi. 78, $ .

Imago.— Male. Upperside olivaceous-brown, darkest apically on the forewing;
marginal lines pale ochreous-bordered ; cilia alternated with white. Foreiving with
two subapical whitish spots, and a costal whitish spot traversed by the subcostal
veinlets, this latter spot forming the upper end of the oblique transverse pale band
of the underside which is slightly apparent from the upperside, as are also the four
ocelli of the underside. Bindwing with the ocelli of the underside slightly visible.
Underside olivaceous-brown; crossed by two dark brown subbasal andadiscal some¬
what sinuous lilacine-white narrow band, the inner subbasal being ill-defined, and
both the inner and outer line on the forewing only crossing the cell; marginal lino
externally bordered with ochreous and internally with lilacine-white. Forewing with

l 1 2

260

LEPIDOPTERA IJSTDICA.

an oblique angulated discal lilacine-white band externally bordering the discal line
and crossed by the brown veins, contiguous to which is a curved series of prominent
ocelli encompassed by a lilacine outer border ; one or two upper ocelli being also
incipiently indicated. Mindwing with six ocelli, the upper one very large and oval,
the fifth smaller and reversely oval, both with a large black centre and narrow
ochreous outer ring, the upper one with a prominent white pupil and several white
speckles; the fifth blind ; the second, third, fourth, and sixth narrow, with partly
ochreous and black broken centre and white speckles, the sixth being duplex, all
encompassed in a prominent lilacine-white outer sinuous line.

Female. Upperside olivaceous-brown. Forewing darkest externally ; crossed
by a prominent oblique white wavy band ending in a more or less apparent small
spot above the submedian vein; two costal white spots, and the three blackish ocelli
of the underside slightly visible. Hindwing with the ocelli of the underside slightly
visible. Underside of the same colour but somewhat paler than in male; the trans¬
verse lilacine-white lines narrower and also paler, the marginal-bordered lines the
same, and also the ocelli on the hind wing, but on the fore wing is the broad white
oblique band, which extends uninterruptedly in a curve to the submedian vein ; there
are also only three prominent ocelli on the forewing, besides the two upper incipient
spots, the one between the middle and lower median veinlets being entirely absent.
Body beneath, legs and sides of palpi pale ochreous.

Expanse, 3 2 to 2f, S 2 to 2f inches.

Habitat.— N.W. and E. Himalayas ; Khasia Hills ; Burma.

Distribution and Habits. —In the N.W. Himalayas it was obtained by the late
Dr. Bayne Reed “ in Kashmir from May to September, being very common about
houses” (Notes 1872). The late Capt. H. B. Hellard, in his “ Notes,” records it as
being taken at cc Simla, Masuri, and Kashmir—from June to October.” Capt. (now
Colonel) A. M. Lang obtained it at Kassowlie, 6000 feet, frequenting grassy slopes
in the shade or near hedges ; cc constantly pitching under bushes or at roots of trees,
and lying perdu.” (P. Z. S. 1865, 498, where these remarks are assigned to D.
Europa—Dyrta not having been discriminated at that date.) We have a male of
Dyrta , taken by Colonel Lang at “ the Krolee, Kussowlie, in April.” Major J. W.
Yerbury (P. Z. S., 1886, 357) records the capture of specimens of the male at
Bugnoterin September, about 4000 to 5000 feet, and between Bugnoterand Abbott-
abad also in September; at Kali Pani, about 5000 feet, in September, and at Tret
in October. Females also taken between Tret and Murree also on the same day in
October. Specimens again were taken at Dewal in August, and afterwards found
commonly below Bugnoter in September, and between Abbottabad and Kali Pani.”
Major Yerbury also notes (Ann. Nat. Hist. 1888, 135) its capture near Kooteer,
Chittah, Pahar, about 2000 feet, in October. Yery common below Bugnoter on

SATYRINJE.

261

the Murree and Abbottabad Road, also near Kala Pani in September. A single
specimen taken in Chittar Pahar at April, also taken at Dewal, Murree, and
on the Kashmir Road. Rev. J. H. Hocking (P. Z. S. 1882, 235) obtained
it in the Kangra District. Mr. W. Doherty (J. A. S. Beng. 1886, 115)

records it from the “ Lower Himalayan tract, in Kumaon, at 3000 to 6000 feet.”
In the Eastern Himalayas, according to Mr. Elwes (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 314), this is
“ not a common species, but found throughout the year at elevations up to 3000 or
4000 feet.” Mr. de Niceville (J. A. S. Beng. 1883, 93) obtained it in “ Sikkim, in
October.” It is recorded (Butt. Ind. 152) from the “ Khasia Hills, in May and
November.” In Burma, according to Major C. H. E. Adamson (Catal. of Burmese
Butterflies, p. 8), “this butterfly is very common at Bharno throughout the rains.”
Capt. E. Y. Watson (Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1891, 10) obtained it during the
Chin-lfiishai Expedition from “ Pauk to Tilin, in October, and at Tilin from March
to May.” In the Shan States, Dr. N. Manders (Tr. Ent. Soc. Loud, 1890, 518)
records it as “ very common all the year round.” Capt. 0. T. Bingham (Butt. Ind.
152) found it in Tenasserim.

Distribution outside Indian Area. —Both sexes were obtained in Java by the
late Dr. Horsfield. A specimen labelled “ China ” is in the British Museum Collec¬
tion, and a male from Amoy in the Hewitsonian Collection. Specimens from Kiu-
kiang, W. China, are in Mr. J. H. Leech’s Collection, and also in that of Mr. H.
Grrose-Smith.

LETHE HEELGrHEBJENSXS (Plate 84, figs. 1, la, b, c, d, $ $ and larva).

Satyrus ( Cyllo) Neelgheriensis , Guerin, in Delessert’s Voyage dans Elude, pt. 2, p. 74, pi. 21, figs, 1,
la, (1843), J.

Debis Neelgheriensis , Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. Company, i. p. 217 (1857). Hewitson, Exotic
Butt. iii. p. 75, Debis pi. 2, fig. 6, 5 (1863).

Lethe Neelgheriensis , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 115 (1868). Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 16,
pi. 7, figs. 1, la, ^ $ (1880); id . pi. 210, fig. 4, larva .

Imago. —Upperside dull dark olive-brown, more dusky-brown apically; cilia
alternated with white. Male .—Foreiving with two small ochreous-white apical spots,
a larger costal spot, and a less distinct spot between the middle and lower median
veins; between these the ocelli of the underside are indistinctly visible; beyond is a
marginal indistinct dusky double lunular line. Hindwing with the pale-bordered
blackish ocelli of the underside indistinctly visible; marginal lines dusky-brown,
pale oclireous bordered. Underside paler, and of a violescent-brown tint; crossed
by two subbasal and a discal sinuous lilacine-grey bordered band, the inner sub-
basal indistinct, and the inner and outer line on the forewing only crossing the cell
and widely separated, the discal line on the hindwing angulated at the upper median

262

LEPIDOPTERA IN DIG A t

veinlet. Forewing with an oblique ochreous-white band broadly externally bordering
the discal line ; beyond is a submarginal row of four prominent purple-bordered
ocelli and two small upper apical incipiently formed spots; marginal line purple-
grey bordered. Hindwing with a submarginal series of six prominent ocelli, the
upper one very large, oval, the fifth smaller, round, the others more elongated, the
lowest being duplex, each ocellus deep black, the first and fifth perfect and with a
white pupil, the others black speckled, an ochreous and then a brown outer ring,
and all again encircled by a purple-white ringleted line ; marginal line purple-bordered
internally and ochreous externally.

Female. Upperside. Forewing with two prominent ochreous-white apical
spots, and three oblique transverse discal spots, the small blackish ocelli of the
underside being slightly visible. Hindwing with the pale-ringed blackish ocelli of
the underside more distinctly visible, the upper two or three being externally
bordered with oclireous-white ; marginal lines ochreous bordered. Underside as in
the male, but brighter coloured; markings the same, except that on the forewing
the oblique discal ochreous-white band is broader and irregularly continuous, and
extending to the posterior angle; the lower ocellus is absent, though indicated by a
small black central spot. Body beneath brownish-ochreous; palpi at the sides,
fore-legs and femora beneath, whitish.

Expanse, 2-f to 2§ inches.

Adult Caterpillar. —Fusiform, elongated ; head conical, the vertex being pro¬
longed to an acute point projecting forward; anal segment also prolonged to a point
projecting hindward. Colour green, with darker dorsal and lateral stripes, and a
slight ochreous subdorsal stripe. “Feeds on grasses ” (E. E. Green).

Chrysalis.— Unknown.

Habitat. — Central and Southern India; Ceylon.

This species is distinguishable from L. Dyrta , in the male, by the upperside
having a more prominent costal and apical spots, and in the presence of a lower
marginal spot between the middle and lower median veinlets, and on the underside,
though extremely alike, the middle, pale band crossing the cell on the forewing is
always broader. In the female the oblique discal ochreous-white band on the
forewing is macular, and is composed of three widely-separated spots.

Distribution.- —Mr. J. A. Betham (Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1890, 158)
records it from the Central Provinces, noting that “ its habits are the same as
L. E nr op a.” According to Mr. de Niceville (Butt. India, 154), “ Colonel Swinhoe
has taken it at Mhow in the autumn, and also commonly at Abu.” Colonel Swinhoe
(P, Z. S. 1885,12, 7 ) also records it from “ Belgaum, and from Poona, in November, 55
and (P. Z. S. 1886, 424) from “ Mhow in April and May. 55 He also obtained it at

SATYRINJE.

263

Mahableshwar in May. Major J. W. Yerbury notes that he took it on Matheran
Hill in October. Mr. E. H. Aitken (Butt. India, 154) “took it at Khandalla in
April.” The type specimen was taken on the Nilgiris. Mr. G. F. Sampson (J. A. S.
Beng. 1888, 349) also obtained it on the Nilgiris, being common from 2000 to
7000 feet. The late Dr. J. Sliortt sent me specimens from the Sheyaroy Hills ; and
the late Dr. F. Day specimens from Coonoor. Mr. H. Ferguson (Butt. India, 154)
“ took it on the Ashamboo Hills in Travancore, in May, and again in Trevandrum
in July. ’ In Ceylon, Mr. Hutchison (Lep. Ceylon, i. 16) “ found it in the neigh¬
bourhood of coffee plantations South of Newera Eliya, at about 3000 feet elevation l
appearing plentiful, except from January to March.” Capt. Wade also took it at
Kandy and Dickoya. Mr. F. M. Mackwood (MS. Notes) remarks that it is “the
most commonest of the group in Ceylon, being found everywhere above 3000 feet,
and sometimes much lower, in shady places or in jungle, and all the year round.”
Mr. E. E. Green obtained it at Pundaloya.

Of the illustrations of this species on our Plate No. 84, figs. 1, la, b, c, represent
the male and female, and fig. Id the larva, reproduced from a drawing made in
Ceylon by Mr. E. Ernest Green, who found it feeding on grass.

LETHE DAEETIS (Plate 83, figs, 2, 2a, b, c, <$ $ ).

JDebis Daretis, Hewitson, Exotic Butterflies, iii. p. 75, Debts pi. 2, figs. 7, 8 (1863), ? .

Lethe Daretis , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 118 (1868). Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 18, pi. 7,
figs. 2a, b (1880), <$ $ . Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India, i. p. 151 (1883).

Imago. —Male. TJpperside dark olivescent ochreous-brown, glossy; cilia
alternated with ochreous-white. Foreiving with a slightly apparent transverse
discal dusky angular line, at the costal end of which is a very small ochreous-yellow
spot above end of the cell, and beyond are two small less distinct spots before the
apex. Hindwing with a submarginal row of five small indistinct black slightly pale-
bordered spots. Underside dark brown; both wings with a subbasal and a medial
transverse sinuous darker brown duplex-bordered purplish-grey band, the latter on
the hindwing angulated between the radial and upper median veinlet. Foreiving
with a slightly oblique irregular discal transverse pale ochreous band externally
bordering the angulated discal line; beyond which are five pale purplish-brown
submarginal ocelli, the upper one ill-defined, each with small black centre and
purplish-grey outer ring; marginal lunular line pale purplish-brown. Hindwing with
six distinct well-formed purple-grey ringed submarginal ocelli, each with black
centre, small white pupil, and a few minute white speckles; marginal line lunular,
purple-grey.

Female. ITpperside ferruginous olivescent-brown, dusky brown externally.
Foreiving with a prominent ochreous-yellow transverse discal macular band extending

264

LEPIDOPTEBA INDICA.

to the submedian vein; two prominent ochreous-yellow subapical spots, and four or
five, small, very indistinct blackish submarginal spots. Hindwing with a submarginal
series of five well-defined ochreous-yellow bordered black oval spots, and a sixth or
anal very slightly visible smaller spot; marginal line anteriorly bordered with
ochreous-yellow. Underside of the same colour as in the male, markings the same,
but more prominent, and except that on the forewing the oblique discal ochreous-
yellow band is much broader, and paler. Body dark, paler beneath; palpi at the
sides and fore-legs beneath greyish white; middle and hind-legs ochreous-brown,
hind femora in female greyish-white beneath.

Expanse, g 2^, 5 inches.

Habitat.— Ceylon.

Distribution and Habits. —According to Capt. Hutchison (Lep. Ceylon, i. 18),
“ found all the year round, but most plentiful in the spring on the hills of the Central
Province, at about 5000 to 6000 feet elevation, in grass land or close to forests.
Rather shy; flight rapid, often settling down in grass or on open road.” Mr. F.
M. Mackwood notes that it is “ plentiful in roadways through jungle about 4000
feet and over.” Mr. E. Ernest Green obtained it at Pundaloya in August.

LETHE EOHEIA (Plate 84, figs. 2, 2a, lb, c, ? ).

Papilio Molina , Fabricius, Mant, Ins. ii. p. 45 (1787); Ent. Syst. iii. p. 75 (1793).

Safyrus Bolivia , Goclart, Encye. Meth. ix. p. 479 (1819).

Debis Bolivia , Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewits. Gen. D. Lep. p. 360 (1851). Moore, Catal. Lep.
Mus. E. I. Compy. i. p. 217 (1857).

Lethe Bolivia , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 116 (1868); Catal. Fabrieian Lep. Brit. Mus. p. 29
(1869). Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 156 (1883). Elwes, Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 309.

Imago. —Male. Upperside dusky-brown, in fresh specimens violescent tinted,
but with age fading to an olivescent tint; marginal lines blackish ; cilia alternated
with white. Forewing crossed by a prominent violescent-white oblique discal band,
and two less prominent oblique subapical small spots, the upper one being cut by
the subcostal veinlets. Hindiving with very faint traces of the pale-bordered black
ocelli of the underside visible ; marginal lines ochreous-bordered. Underside more
or less dark brown, with either a violescent or olivescent-castaneous tint; marginal
blackish lines distinct, the outer line bordered with ochreous and the inner line with
more or less vivid bluish-grey. Forewing with a prominent transverse subbasal
more or less vivid bluish-grey nearly straight line; the oblique discal violescent
white band as on the upperside ; a narrow bluish-grey costal spot, below which are
three decreasing ochreous-ringed ocelli, the lowest ill-defined, or sometimes absent,
all encompassed by a bluish-grey narrow line continued on each side from the costal

SATYBINJE.

265

spot. jS indwing with a similar prominent bluish-grey subbasal line and an angulated
discal line, beyond which is a series of six prominent black ocelli, the upper one and
the fifth being the largest, the sixth duplex, each with a distinct white pupil,
ochreous ring, then a dark brown ring, and all encircled by a more or less vivid
bluish-grey outer ring; in some specimens these ocelli possess some white speckles
in addition to the white pupil.

Female. Upperside of the same colour as in the male. Forewing with the
oblique white band slightly broader, and the oblique subapical white spot more
prominent. Hindiving with the ocelli of the underside more distinctly visible.
Underside of the same colour, but paler, and less brilliant than in the male, the
markings the same. Body and legs beneath pale brownish-achroous ; sides of palpi
greyish-white ; antennas black above, with ochreous tip.

Expanse, $ 2 to 2 -f, 5 2 f inches.

Habitat. —N.-W. and E. Himalayas; Khasia Hills; Cachar ; Burma; Java.

Distribution.— Capt. Bayne Reed obtained it in Kashmir. “ It is found in
Kumaon at moderate elevations, and Colonel Lang possesses a specimen from Gurhwal.
Mr. de Niceville has taken specimens in the neighbourhood of Simla ” (Butt, of India, i.
156). The Rev. J. Hocking (P. Z. S. 1882, 235) records it from the Kangra District.
Mr. W. Doherty, in his list of Kumaon butterflies (J. A. S. Beng. 1886, 117), records
it as “ common in the Lower Himalayan tract, at 2000 to 7000 feet elevation.” The
late General G. Ramsay obtained it in Nepal, and “ Dr. Scully also took a pair at
Khatmandu,in Nepal.” The late Mr. W. S. Atkinson obtained it at Darjiling, “Mr.
Otto Moller has taken it in the Sikkim Tarai in July, in the Sikkim Hills, where
it appears to be common, at 4000 feet elevation in April, August, September to
November, and also in the Great Ranjit Valley in November, at 1200 to 8500 feet eleva¬
tion, where Mr. de Niceville also took it commonly in October” (Butt, of India, i. 156).
Mr. H. J. Elwes (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 315) records it as “ common in the low valleys
of Sikkim up to 5000 feet, from April till November.” Mr. G. G. Dudg eon obtained
it in Sikkim in March. “ In the Khasia Hills it is found in the autumn ” (Butt.
India, i. 156). Mr. J. Wood-Mason (J. A. S. Beng. 1887, 350) records specimens
from “ the forests in Silchar, and others taken on Nemotho,in Cachar, in September,
the males of this species emitting a delicious vanilla-like scent.” Major 0. H. E.
Adamson (Catal. of Burmese Butterflies, p. 8 ) states that it is “ common in the
dry season.” Capt. E. Y. Watson (J. Bombay N. H. Soc. 1891, 10) obtained it
during the late Chin-Lushai Expedition “from Pauk to Tilin in November, and at
Tilin in March.” Dr. N. Manders (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1890, 518) says it is “ a
common species in the Shan States, having taken it during the rains and the com¬
mencement of the cold weather.” In Upper Tenasserim, Mr. Otto Limborg (P. Z.
S. 1878, 824) obtained it at Hatseiga, Nathoung to Paboga, and at Taoo, 3000 to
vol. 1 . April 16th, 1892. m m

266

LEPID OP TEE A IN DIO A,

5000 feet elevation.” “ Captain C. T. Bingham took it in the Mepley Valley in
February, and in the Upper Thoungyeen forests in April, September, and October”
(Butt. India, i. 156). Signor Leonardo Fea obtained it in the Karen Hills in September
and November, and also at Bhamo in November. Messrs. Elwes and de Niceville
(J. A. S. Beng. 1887, 417) record it from Ponsekai in Tavoy.

Distbibution outside Indian Akea. —The late Dr. Horsfield obtained specimens
(identical with Indian and Burmese examples) in Java (Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C.
i. 217).

LETHE HYRANIA (Plate 85, figs. 1, la, b, c, $ )•

Satyrus Hyrania, Kollar, in Hugel’s Reise Kaschmir, iv. pt. 2, p. 449, pi. 17, figs. 1, 2 (1844), $.

Lethe Hyrania , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 116 (1868). Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of
India, etc. i. p. 154 (1883).

Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 309.

Satyrus Dana , Kollar, in HiigePs Reise Kasclimir, iv. pt. 2, p. 448, pi. 16, figs. 3, 4 (8844), $ .

Lethe Dinarbas , De Niceville, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1886, p. 250, pi. xi. fig. 4, $ (nec Hewitson).

Imago. —Male. Upperside dark olivescent ochreous-brown, somewhat glossy ;
marginal lines dusky-brown. Cilia brownish-cinereous. Foreiving crossed by a
very indistinct straight oblique discal paler posteriorly-decreasing band, which has
its inner edge more sharply defined; beyond is an oblique slender pale ochreous
subapical spot traversed by the subcostal veinlets, and below which is sometimes
visible, one, two, or even three small round blackish submarginal spots. Hindwing
with five submarginal black spots, the upper first more or less indistinct ; the
second usually the largest and oblong, the third smallest, the fifth white pupilled,
and all indistinctly pale ringed. Underside paler ; marginal lines distinct and pale
bordered. Foreiving with two short transverse dark brown lines within the cell; an
oblique transverse discal somewhat sinuous dark brown line, with broad pale brown¬
ish-white outer border posteriorly decreasing to the middle of the wing ; a pale trifid
subapical spot, below which are three equal-sized cinereous-brown ocelli, each with
a minute white pupil and all encompassed by a similar coloured border. Hindwing
crossed by a dark brown subbasal nearly straight line and an irregular undulated
discal line ; discocellular veinlet also dark brown ; beyond are sis prominent black
ocelli, the upper first and the fifth the largest, the sixth duplex, each with a white
pupil, an ochreous ring, then a dark brown ring, and an outer pale greyish-brown
ring.

Female. Upperside somewhat paler olivescent-brown, the apex of forewing
dusky brown. Foreiving crossed by a broad conspicuous white oblique discal band,
which is traversed by the brown veins, and terminates in a small spot at the posterior
angle ; a subapical small white oblique spot cut by the subcostal veinlets. Hind¬
wing as in the male, except that the submarginal spots are more prominent, larger

SATYRINJE.

267

and more distinctly ochreous bordered. Underside with the oblique white band and
small subapical spot, as on upperside, the white band sometimes slightly bulged out
on the middle of its inner edge, the band also broadly edged interiorly with bright
dark brown ; the three submarginal ocelli as in the male. Hindwing with the sub-
basal and discal transverse line, as in male, bright dark brown; ocelli and marginal
lines also as in male. Body beneath, legs, and sides of palpi pale brownish-ochreous ;
antennae with prominent black terminal band.

Expanse, c?2f- to 2f, ? 2§ to 2f inches.

Habitat. —N. W. Himalayas.

Distribution and Habits. —Baron von Hiigel obtained the male and female at
“ Simla and Masuri.” Col. A. M. Lang (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1861, 181) says this insect
“ frequents a region about 200 miles from Kasauli, in damp glens, where tall rocks
cast a shadow all day, this insect is to be found pitched on the rocks or at their foot,
or in the rank vegetation near, but never seeks the broad sunshine.” “Both sexes
were taken by Col. Lang at an elevation of 7000 feet, at Masuri, in June, and in
Lower Kunawur” (Butt, of India, i. 155). Capt. H. B. Hellard (MS. Notes)
records it from Simla and Masuri, at end of June and beginning of October.”
“Major C. T. Marshall obtained numerous males in May in Chumba, and
both sexes were taken by Capt. A. Gr. Young in Kqju from May to July, also
the male only by Mrs. Deane in Chini in June ” (Butt, of India, 155). The Rev. J.
Hocking (P. Z. S. 1882, 235) records specimens from the Kangra District, N. W.
Himalayas. Mr. W. Doherty (J. A. S. Bengal, 1886, 115) obtained it in “ Ivumaon
generally at 3000 to 7000 feet.”

LETHE DINARBAS (Plate 85, figs. 2, 2a, b, ^

Debis Dinarbas , Hewitson, Exotic Butterflies, iii. p. 77, Debis pi. 3, fig. 15 (1863),^. Butler,
Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 117 (1868). Marshall and de Kiceville, Butt, of India, i. p. 155,
(1883). Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1888, p. 309.

Imago. —Male. Upperside darker brown than in L. Hyrania, and of a more
vinaceous tint. Forewing crossed by a similar but narrower pale-bordered oblique
discal dusky-brown line, which is somewhat excurved; subapical pale spot and lower
black spots similar. Hindwing with more prominent submarginal black spots.
Underside darker than L. Hyrania. Foreiving with similar markings; the oblique
discal line somewhat excurved, its upper outer border, the interspace between the
cell streaks, and borders of the ocelli being vivid purplish-grey. Hindwing with a
similar but darker subbasal and discal line, and more prominent ocelli, the interspace
between the subbasal and discal line washed with purplish-grey, and the outer
borders of the ocelli vivid pale purplish-grey.

Mm2

268

LEPIJD OP TEE A IN DIO A.

Female. TTpperside brighter coloured than L. Hyrania, and of a more ochreous-
brown tint. Forewing with the oblique transverse discal band narrower, ochreous-
white in tint, almost broken by the middle median veinlet and terminating in a small
spot just below the submedian vein; subapical oblique spot more distinct and with
an accompanying lower pale spot. Hindwing with the submarginal spots larger,
blacker, and with brighter ochreous outer rings ; the marginal lines more ochreous.
Underside similar to L . Hyrania; the interspace between the cell streaks, the sub-
basal and discal line, and the bordering of the ocelli on both wings more vividly pale
purplish-grey. Forewing with the ocelli well formed and with ochreous irides ; the
oblique discal band much narrower and ochreous-tinted posteriorly. Hindwing with
the discal bright brown line having a brown point projecting between the lower
radial and upper median veinlet ; the ocelli conspicuously larger than those in L .
Hyrania .

Expanse, c?2j to 2§, ? 2J to 2§ inches.

Habitat. —Sikkim ; Bhotan ; Naga Hills ; Khasia Hills.

Distribution. —“ Not uncommon in the virgin forests of Sikkim, from 7000 to
9000 feet, between June and November” (Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1838, 314). Mr. O.
Moller obtained it in Sikkim in August. Mr. L. de Niceville (J. A. S. Beng. 1883,
93) records the capture of “ a male on Senchal, at 7000 feet, in October.” Speci¬
mens were taken in Buxa, Bhotan, by Mr. Knyvett’s native collectors (De Niceville,
J. A. S. Beng. 1886, 250). Major Godwin-Austen obtained it in the Khasia Hills.
Specimens from the Khasia Hills are in the collection of Colonel C. Swinhoe. It
was taken by Mr. W. Doherty in the tc Naga Hills, 5000 to 7000 feet, from June to
September” (P. Z. S. 1891, 264).

LETHE BRISANDA (Plate 85, figs. 3, 3a, g ? ).

Lethe Brisanda , De Niceville, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1886, p. 249, pi. xi., fig. 13, $ ; id. Proc.

Zool. Soc. Bond. 1887, p. 451, pi. 39, fig. 8, $.

Imago. —Male. Upperside castaneous-brown. Forewing crossed by an indistinct
slightly-oblique discal pale outer-bordered dusky sinuous line, beyond which is a
pale costal spot, and below the latter are three of the small blackish ocelli of the
underside indistinctly visible. Hindwing with six submarginal indistinct blackish
pale-bordered ocellated spots, the upper second being most distinct and blackest, the
lower fourth and fifth with a slight white pupil; a marginal pale line with dusky
inner border. Underside paler brown ; both wings crossed by a dark brown sub-
basal line, and an outer short line crossing the cell of fore wing with an intervening
lilac band. Forewing with an oblique discal narrow straight lilac band of equal width
throughout its length; beyond are four small black ocelli, each with a white pupil,

SA TYRIN2E.

269

a brown and a ferruginous ring, and then an outer pale ring; marginal line pale
bordered. Eindwing with a transverse discal dark brown line acutely angulated on
the median veinlets, followed by a series of six prominent ocelli, each with a black
centre and white pupil, an ochreous, then a dark brown, and an outer violaceous
ring.

Female. “ ITpperside castaneous. Foretving with rather more than the
outer half fuscous, crossed from the middle of the costa to near the anal angle
b y a decreasing white band, which is tinged with ochreous anteriorly, its inner
edge very straight and sharply defined, its outer edge less regular and blurred ;
two small ochreous subapical spots divided by the fifth subcostal nervule. Hind -
■wing with the outer half fuscous, bearing a submarginal series of four black
spots placed upon a castaneous band, the upper one large and round, the second
somewhat quadrate and extending to the inner of the two pale marginal fine
lines, the third and fourth small and oval; there are faint traces also of a spot in
the discoidal and a geminated one in the submedian interspace. Underside pale
ochreous-brown. Foreiving with two ferruginous fine lines crossing the middle of
• the cell, the discal band as above but somewhat lengthened posteriorly, the ground
colour within it somewhat darker than the rest of the wing; a submarginal series
of four small perfect ocelli, made up of a white pupil, a black ring, a ring of the
ground colour, a ferruginous ring, and an outer pale ring; two fine dark marginal
lines. Hindiving with two discal fine irregular ferruginous lines from the costa to the
submedian veinlet, the lower discocell alar veinlet ferruginous ; a submarginal series
of six perfect ocelli, made up of a black white-pupilled centre, an ochreous ring, a
dark brown ring, and then an outer violaceous ring, the upper ocellus much the
largest, the second and fourth sabequal, as are also the third and sixth, which
are the smallest, the latter twinned ; two fine dark marginal lines inwardly defined
by a pale violet line and enclosing a fine ochreous line. Cilia pale brown through¬
out .’ 3

Expanse, £ 2f-, ? 2f inches.

Habitat.— Buxa, Bhotan.

The male differs above from Sikkim specimens of L. Dinarbas in the decidedly
less obliquity of the pale-bordered discal line of the forewing, and on the underside
of the forewing in the lilac band across the cell being much narrower, with uneven
instead of straight edges; the discal oblique band lilac throughout, straight, and of
equal width throughout (in L. Dinarbas the upper portion of the band only is lilac,
this portion too in that species being wider) ; in having an additional ocellus in the
subcostal interspace (in L . Dinarbas there are always three ocelli only). On the
hind wing the discal bands are deep brown instead of ferruginous, and the lilac wash¬
ings throughout much more brilliant. The female differs from the same sex of L.

270

LEPIDOPTERA INDICA .

Dinarbas on the upperside, in having the ground colour castaneous instead of pale
brown, the discal band straighter and better defined; the ocelli on the hindwing
smaller and blind. On the underside the ground colour in L. Brisanda is ochreous,
in L. Dinarbas it is pale brown washed with violescent; the forewing has four ocelli
owing to the discal band being narrower, in L. Dinarbas there are three only ; on
both wings in the latter the discal narrow lines are dark brown instead of ferruginous
and broader and more regular.”

A male and female obtained near Buxa, Bhotan, by Mr. A. V. Knyvett’s native
collectors. L. Dinarbas also occurs at Buxa.

The illustrations of this species on our Plate No. 85, fig. 3, represent the
male type, kindly lent by Mr. H. J. Elwes, and fig. 3a, the female, reproduced from
Mr. L. de Niceville’s figure of the type specimen.

Indo-Malayan and Allied Species oe Lethe.— L, Arete (Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv.
pi. 313, figs. E.F. (1782). Both sexes of this species are in our own collection.
Habitat. Amboina.— L. Arcuata , Butler, Catal. Satyr. Brit. Mus. p. 114, pi. 2, fig.
3 (1868), <$. Quite a distinct species from L. Arete. Both sexes are in our own
collection. Habitat. Celebes.— Ij. Darena , Felder, Reise Nov. Lep. iii. p. 498, pi.
68 , fig. 4, 5 (1867). Habitat. Java .—Lethe Whiteleyi , Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist.
1867, p. 403, pi. 9, fig. 8. Habitat. Japan.— L. Diana , Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc.
1866, p. 55, id. Ann. N. H. 1867, pi. 2, fig. 2. Oberthiir, Etudes Ent. vi. p. 16, pi.
7, fig. 2, S. Habitat. Japan; China; Corea.— L. consanguis , Butler, Ann. Nat.
Hist. 1881, p. 133. Habitat. Japan.— L. procris, Leech, Entomologist, 1891, p. 2.
Habitat. W. China.-— L. Baucis , Leech, Entomologist, 1891, p. 3. Habitat. W.
China.— L . Syrcis, Hewitson, Exot. Butt. iii. Debis pi. 3, figs. 13, 14 (1863).
Oberthiir, Etudes Entom. vi. pi. 7, fig. 3 (1881). Habitat. China.— L. occulta ,
Leech, Entomologist, 1890, p. 28. Habitat . W. China.— L. labyrinthea , Leech, id.
p. 28. Habitat. W. China.— L. Helena , Leech, id. 1891, p. 3. Habitat. W. China.
— L. gemma , Leech, id. 1891, p. 24. Habitat.W. China.

The following are allied Chinese forms :—Gen. nov. Archondesa. Male. Fore¬
wing very short, broad, triangular; costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, exterior
margin slightly oblique and hardly concave, posterior angle obtuse; cell moderately
narrow, extending to half the wing. Hindiving broad, short, somewhat triangular ;
exterior margin oblique and produced posteriorly, abdominal margin long ; cell
narrow and long. Palpi compactly clothed in front with short thick-set hairs,
apical joint short, obtuse ; antennge very long, with an elongated imperceptibly
thickening club. Type A. lanaris (Lethe lanaris, Butler, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1877,
p. 95). Habitat. China.—Gen. nov. Choramesa. Male. Forewing narrow, subtri-
angular; costa slightly arched, apex obtuse, exterior margin even, posterior angle
rounded ; cell broad, extending to half the wing. Hindwing bluntly ovate ; exterior
margin convex and very slightly angular at end of the upper median veinlet ;

SATYRINJZ.

271

abdominal margin long; cell long, narrow; discocellulars long, very oblique.
Palpi short, porrect, clothed with short dense velvety hairs ; apical joint pointed ;
antennas with a well-formed blunt-tipt club. Type 0 . trimacula (Lethe trimacula,
Leech, Entomologist, 1890, p. 27). Habitat. W. China. This latter species is
here placed near Debis with doubt; its pattern above is peculiar, and that on the
underside of the hind wing is very different; there are also seven ocelli present, the
two upper being geminated.

Genus DIONANA,

Imago. —Male. Wings large. Forewing triangular; costa much arched, apex
obtusely pointed, exterior margin oblique, slightly wavy, posterior angle rounded,
posterior margin straight; cell short, less than half length of the wing, broad;
first and second subcostal branches emitted before end of the cell; discocellulars
outwardly-oblique, upper short and angled close to subcostal, concave below the
angle, radials from the angles ; median branches equidistant apart. Hindwing
broadly ovate, costa arched in the middle, apex rounded, exterior margin convex,
sinuous, broadly angular at end of middle median veinlet; cell broad, fusiform ; first
subcostal branch emitted at nearly one-third before end of cell; discocellulars long,
outwardly-oblique, radial from the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell,
lower at about one-fourth before the end. Thorax stout, densely hairy; palpi nar¬
row, hairy in front, apical joint short, slender; legs rather long, stout, middle and
hind femora slightly hairy beneath ; antennse long, with elongated very slender club;
eyes hairy.

Type. —D. Margaritge.

DIONANA MABGrAEITiE (Plate 86, figs. 1, la,b, S ? )•

Letlie Margaritce , Elwes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 405, pi. 25, fig. 1, $ .

Neorina Margaritce , Marshall and de Niceville, Butt, of India, etc. i. p. 136, $ . Elwes, Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 807.

Imago. —Male. Upperside olivescent oclireous-brown; marginal lines blackish,
ochreous bordered; cilia pale ochreous. Foreiving crossed by an ochreous-yellow
oblique discal narrow band, which terminates just below the lower median veinlet,
is crossed by brown veins, and slightly sinuous anteriorly on its outer edge ;
beyond is a subapical series of four ochreous-ringed black spots and a contiguous
upper costal ochreous spot. Hindwing with a submarginal series of five large black
ocelli, each with a narrow ochreous ring, and the two lower with a white pupil.
Underside paler, but brighter olivescent ochreous-brown; marginal lines pale
olivescent-ochreous bordered. Foreiving with the oblique discal band more
prominent and paler yellow; there are five prominent submarginal ocelli,
each with a small black centre, a white pupil, a yellow ring, then a brown ring,
and all encompassed within an outer yellow band. Hindiving crossed by a slightly-

272

LEPID OP TEE A INDIO A.

incurved moderately broad yellow discal band, and a submarginal series of six very
prominent ocelli, of which, the upper is very large, the fifth also large, the sixth duplex,
each with black centre, a white pupil, ochreous-yellow ring, then a dark brown ring,
the upper one being encircled by an outer yellow ring, and the others encompassed
by a yellow outer ring.

Female, Upperside darker brown. Forewing crossed by a much broader and
more oblique paler yellow band, which also broadly extends to the posterior margin
just before the angle; the ocelli and contiguous costal spot present but much less
defined. Hind/wing marked as in the male, the ocelli being somewhat larger and
the exterior margin with a broader and more pointed angle at end of the middle
median. Underside of the same colour as in the male ; marginal bordered-lines the
same. Forewing with the oblique pale yellow band as on upperside; five ocelli as in
the male, and the middle of the cell is crossed by a narrow pale yellow band. Hind-
wing with the yellow transverse discal band and ocelli as in the male. Body beneath
and legs pale brownish-ochreous; legs paler beneath ; palpi at the sides pale
ochreous; antennas reddish-ochreous, with black subterminal band.

Expanse, S 3f, ? 31 inches.

Habitat. —Bhotan.

This beautiful species was obtained by Mr. Knyvett’s native collectors near
Buxa, in Bhotan.

Our illustrations of this species on Plate No. 86, figs. 1, la, b, represent the
male and female, from the type specimens kindly lent for this purpose by Mr. L. de
Niceville and Mr. H. J. Elwes.

DIONANA tfAGA (Plate 86, fig. 2, ?).

Lethe Naga, Doherty, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1889, p. 123, pi. x. fig. 4, ? .

cc Female. Upperside dark fuscous. Forewing with a broad white oblique band
from the costa (near which it is broader and whiter) to the submedian, above
which it is suddenly bent downwards, passing close by the end of the cell but not
touching it, its inner border distinct, its outer diffused. Hindwing with two pale
submarginal lines, the ocelli showing through the wing, especially the white pupil of
the fifth. Underside uniform light fuscous-brown with a slight bronzy lustre.
For Giving. Base unmarked except by a very obscure darker line across the cell, the
white band as above, two straight pale submarginal lines, and five perfect subequal
ocelli ringed with pale violet, set in nearly a straight line between the lower median
and the lower subcostal branch. Hindiving with two irregular transverse darker
lines placed unusually close together, and enclosing a narrow space obscurely glossed
with violet. These lines originate below the costal vein, the inner crossing the cell

PL. 73

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