«- \c}m / -\ Hl^l ■'^z v^- ^:^\ ^ 1C< •s '\ o. %, A<^ ■<. p- -o W ^^ _ "^^ " '> .-C^^ >5e^- ?^^ %. "^y. % I^ ^A « ..^'' .^<^ .o^ ^^ -^ 4^ ^i'. m ^^ ^^ . 'O. ^c- \ M. \ 4 \ / '■V. ^^ \ ^-v .v^ ft V COLLECTION OF William Schaus ® PRESENTED TO THE National Museum MCMV ' Aft < .^" "*^ b^^ .^^ ^\ ^ 'it. .<>^ '■ ' ^1 ^ ^ .V t * "-v. X^ ^6 '>* '' ^'Vo ^^. -v .?^ x-^^ \/^" ,-*?> sP q. ' _ V c^ \ ^r- ;^ % ■^ -6^ 'o. .■9 ^ -f. \ ' .^^ 'S^. ■V ^ :^' t/W^ THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON. LONDON : PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTOX, LIMITED, ST. JOHN'S HOUSE, OLERKENWELL ROAD. ^ qu 55G v- 3 THE Er^\- LEPIDOPTERA of CEYLON. BY f: mooee, f.z.s. ASSOCIATE OF THE LINNEaM SOCIEIT OF LONDON ; FELLOW OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDOX COEEESPONDING MEJIEER OF THE ENIOM. SOC. OF STETTIN, AND OF THE ENTOM. SOC. OF THE NETHERLANDS; ASSOCIATE IIEMBEE OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. VOL. III. (Pi'Mished under the special Patronage of the Government of Ceylon.) LONDON: L. EEEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1884-7. CONTENTS OF VOL. III. HETEROCERA iContinued). MIL T Cymatophoeidji; ») BoMBTCOIDJi: )} LBDCANIIDiE . j> Glottulidj; . 5» Apamiid^ 95 Caradrinid^ 55 ISTOGTUID^ . 5) ORTHOSIIDiE . )) Hadenid^ . 5> Xylinid^e 35 HiEMEROSIlD^ 9) ACONTIID^ . 5J HeLI0THID2E . 5) ANTHOPHILIDiE J) Palindid^ . )) BRIOPIDiE J> BuRHIPIDiE , J> PLUSIIDiE J> Calpidj! 5) Hemicekid^ . 3) Hybl^idj) . )> GONOPTEEID^ JJ Ophiusid^ . J> Homopteeid.^ J» Hypogeammid^ 5J Catephiid^ . PAGE 1 3 6 12 14 29 31 35 36 39 40 41 50 52 58 69 61 68 76 79 80 83 88 90 98 112 Family Hypocalid^ . „ Catocalidj! , ,, Ophideeid^ . „ Phyllodid^ ,, Erebiid^ „ OMMATOPHOEIDiE „ Hypopyrid* , ,, BeND1D2E „ DYSG0NiiD^(Ophiuside, „ TlNOLIID^ . „ euclidiid^ . „ Poaphilid^ . „ Remigiid^ . ,, focillid^ . „ Theemesiid^ „ Amphigoniid^ ,, Plat YD iD^ „ HyPENIDiE „ HEEMINIIDiE PYRALIDyE PHYCITIDiE GALLEEIIDiE Ceambid^ Ennomidji: EROSIIDiE OXYDIID^ Guen.) PAGE 125 127 130 136 140 141 149 155 156 184 185 187 189 191 200 213 215 217 230 254 357 374 376 390 398 404 vi CONTENTS. PAGE PAGE Family AMPHiDASiDiE , 406 Family Larentiid^ .... 477 „ BOAKMIID.E . , 408 „ Nycteolid^ . . 489 „ EUSCHEMID/E . . 421 ,, Tortkicid.t; . . 491 „ GeOMETKID/E . . 424 „ CHOREUTIDJi . . 496 „ Palyad.e . 438 „ LiPUSID.E 497 ,, Ctclophoeid.e (Epliyi'idaj, ,, TiNEIDJi; 498 Guen.) . 441 „ Gelechiid^ . 507 „ IvsiWM (Acidalid se, Guen.) . 447 „ Gracilarid.e 524 „ MlCIiONIID.E . . 459 „ ELACHISTIDiE 525 „ CABERIIDiE . . 402 „ Lyojsetid-e . 526 „ Macaeiid.i; . . 464 ,. Pterophorid.e 526 ,, FlDONIID^ . . 470 „ PAKTHEEIDiE (ZerenidiK, Guen.) . . 476 Appendix . . 529 DESCEIPTION OF PLATES. Plate 144. Fig. 1. Risoba repugnans . 2. 2 a, b. Risoba obstructa 3. Plataplecta pruinosa 4. Hyboma fasciata 5. Aletia reversa . 6. Axylia fasciata Plate 145. Fig. 1, la. Polytela gloriosre 2j 2a. Glottula dominica 3. Sesamia inferens 4. Arsiloucbe confusa 5. Leucania lanceata 6. Senta cramboides 7. Sasunaga tenebrosa , 8. Dypteiygia subcurva Plate 146. Fig. 1, 1 a, h. Prodenia littoralis 2. Plusia leetula . 3. Berresa natalis 4. 4a, Ilattia cepliusalis 5. Thalpophila delineata 6. Calogramma festiva 7. Neuria dissecta Plate 147. Fig. 1. Apamea pannosa 2, 2a, Perigea centralis 3, 3fl. Amyna selenamplia 4. Radinacra placida . 4fl. Radinacra renalis . 5. Agrotis aristifera 6. Agrotis suffusa 7, 7a. Agrotis conspurcata 13 14 8 9 10 12 16 17 19 73 26 27 25 21 0 0 27 28 30 30 30 32 33 33 Plate 148. Fig. 1, la. Tiracola plagiata 34 2. Tracbea auriplena . 37 3. Graphipbora frontalis 35 4. Radinacra thoracica 31 5. Astrapetis indistans. 38 6. Brana calopasa 44 Plate 149. Fig. 1. Ramadasa Pavo ... 45 2, la. Acontia flava ... 42 3. Acontia intersepta . 42 4. Acontia imitata 42 5. Leoeyma Diana; 43 6. Aramuna marginata . 36 7. Pitaeota terminigera . 46 Plate 150. Fig. \, \a. Heliotbis armigera . . 51 2. Taracbe tropica 47 3. Taracbe olivea . 47 4. Taracbe signifera 47 5. Taracbe luda . 4S 6. Taracbe destituta 4S 7. Cburia maculata 50 8. Adisura pallida 52 9. Hyela lativitta 56 10. Anthopbila divisa 53 11. Paracrama dulcissima 55 12. Eublemma amabilis 54 13. Phyllopbila modesta 55 14. Maradana rivulata . 58 15. Odice transversa 57 16. Hiccoda dosaroides . 4!> 17. Naranga diffusa 49 IS. Antbophila derogata 53 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. Plate 151. ¥'\g. 1. Callopistria recurvata 2. Metliorasa Thwaitesii 3. Chlumetia transversa 4. Plusia ochreata 5. 5fl. Targalla bifiicies 6. 6rt. Targalla infida . 7. Varnia taprobana 8. 8«. Penicillaria jocosatrix 9. Cblumetia egeus 10. Plusia placida 11. Homodes crocea Plate 153. Fig. 1, la. Plusia obtusisigna 2, 2a. Plusia nigriluna 3, 3a. Plusia agramma 4. Plusia signata 5. Plusia limbireua G. Plusia verticillata 7. Plusia cbrysitina 8. Arsacia saturalis Plate 153. Fig. 1, la. Plusiodonta cbalsytoides 2. 2a. Orffisia emarginata . 3. 3rt. Calpe minuticornis . 4. Oriesia ai-gyrosigna . 5. Thalatta modesta . 6. Thalatta albiorbis . 7. Gonitis involuta 8. Gonitis mesogona . Plate 154. Fig. 1, la. Wcstermannia superba 2. 2a. Hyblaja Puera . 3. 3a. HybliEa constellata 4. Maceda mansueta b9 (1858), (J. Perigea canorvja, Walker, id. xx.\ii. p. 683 (1865), i . Perigea illecta, Walker, id. p. 684, j . Hadena spargens, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 739 (1865), ? . Iladena taprobane, Felder et Rogenli. Novara Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 110, fig. 3 (1874), 9. Forewing dark cinereous-brown or vinaceous-brown ; numerously speckled with CAKADRINIDJE. 29 greyisli-ochreous or whitish scales, which arc most distinct along the veins in some specimens ; crossed by an indistinct basal, subbasal, and discal denticulated black lines, which are more or less distinctly bordered with greyish-ochreous or whitish scales, the discal line with lengthened speckled points ; a similar submarginal broader line, and a marginal row of black points ; orbicular and rcniform marks defined by blackish bordered greyish-ochreous dots, the orbicular indistinct : hindwing pale brown ; cinereous at the base ; cilia whitish-cinereous. Body dark brown ; palpi ochreous-white, black speckled ; legs whitish with black bands. Expanse 1^ to If inch. Larva smooth, pale green, anal segment conical ; with a dorsal and lateral series of purple-brown blotches dotted with white, and a sublateral row of white dots. Pupa greenish, with reddish segmental bands. " Feeds on Acanthads." [Br. Thivaites.) Family CARADRINID^. Imago of rather small size : forewings roof-shaped in repose. Larva short and thick, Avith short stiff hairs ; feeds on low plants. Pupa in a subterranean cocoon. {St a into II.) Genus AMYNA. Annjna, Guenee, Noct. i. p. 233 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. x. p. 299. Forewing broad, triangular, acuminated at the apex, cell narrow, extending to nearly two-thirds the wing ; first subcostal emitted at one-half and second at one- eighth before end of the cell, fifth from end of the cell and touching third midway between its base and the fourth at a short distance beyond the cell ; discocellular concave in the middle, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at about two-fifths before the end ; submedian slightly curved : hindwing large, broad ; costal and subcostal joined together at their base ; cell broad, not extending to half the wing ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular recurved, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender, abdomen long and attenuated in male ; palpi porrect, laterally broad, squamose, second joint rectangular, third short, lanceolate ; antenna long, slender, setose ; legs long, femora fringed beneath, spurs long. 30 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. AMYNA SELENAMPHA (Plate 147, Fig. 3, Zn,S $ ). Amyna sdenampha, Gueiiee, Noct. i. \\ 406 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. x. p. 300; xv. p. 1696. Alarms spoliata, Walker, ul. xiii. p. 1050 (1857), ? . Hadena latipennis. Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 738 (1865), ?. Aviyna ahsens, Guen. MS. Ilorsf. Coll. ? . Male : forewing dark cinereous-brown ; crossed by indistinct basal, subbasal, and discal zigzag grey-bordered black denticulated lines, a less distinct submarginal line and marginal dots ; reniform mark indistinct, either formed of grey-bordered dots, or with the lower part entirely whitish : hindwing duller cinereous-brown. Body dark cinereous-brown ; head in front, palpi, and legs whitish-ochreous and black speckled ; front legs with black bands. Cilia edged with cinereous. Female darker coloured, vinaceous-brown, the transverse lines more distinct and with more or less prominently broader speckled borders. Expanse If to If inch. Genus RADINACRA. Eadinacra, Butier, Aunals of Natural History, 1878, p. 161. " Closely allied to Caradrina, from which it may be distinguished by the great length of the apical joint of the palpi, and the great development of the anal tuft and appendices of the male." (Type, R. paljMlis.) RADINACRA PLACIDA (Plate 147, Fig. 4, ^ ). Male and female : forewing ochreous-brown ; crossed l)y an indistinct subbasal, an antemedial, and a medial black line, a discal and a submarginal blackish speckled line, the discal line denticulated, the middle line broadest ; a small black orbicular spot, and indistinct blackish reniform mark : hindwing whitish, veins pale brown. Body ochreous-brown ; palpi with a broad black band ; legs pale ochreous-brown with blackish tarsal bauds. Expanse 1 inch. Described from specimens obtained from the late Dr. Thwaites' Collection. RADINACRA RENALIS (Plate 147, Fig. 4o). Female : forewing dark cinereous-brown ; crossed by a subbasal, an antemedial and a medial waved black line, the latter line the broadest, a discal denticulated black line with white tipt points, a less distinct submarginal line, and a marginal row of white dots ; each line ends on the costa in a pale ochreous spot ; within the cell between the two inner lines is a pure white-speckled spot ; reniform mark composed of a pure white or ochreous-white central spot and black border with two or three NOCTUIDJE. 31 white lower and upper tiots : liindwing pale cinereous-l)i-o\v-n, the veins darker brown ; cilia edged with ciuereous-white. Body dark brown ; palpi and tarsi with black bands. Expanse 1 inch. From the late Dr. Thwaites' Collection. EADINACRA THORACICA (Plate 148, Fig. 4). Male and female : forewing pale ochreous-brown, with a very indistinct trans- verse basal, antemedial, and a medial blackish-scaled sinuous lino, a discal slightly recurved pale ochreous line, and a less distinct sinuous pale submargiual line ; the discal line with a few blackish scales along its inner border ; and a more conspicuous patch of blackish scales before the middle of the sinuous submargiual line ; along the extreme outer margin is a row of minute black dots ; cilia with a pale inner line : hind wing whitish-cinereous, semitransparent, veins and marginal line ochreous-brown. Thorax in male with a broad brownish-black band in front ; abdomen brown above ; palpi at the side, and bands on forelegs above dark brown. Expanse 1-/-^ inch. Described from specimens obtained from the Collection of the late Dr. Thwaites. Family NOCTUID-S. Imago of moderate size ; forewings smooth or shining, crossing one another a little in repose and forming a roof almost flat ; body stout, abdomen flat, not crested. Larva thick, smooth, shining or velvety, generally of dull colours ; lives on low plants, concealing itself either under leaves on the ground or even in subterranean galleries. Pupa subterranean, enclosed in an earthen cocoon. {Staiiifoii.) Genus AGROTIS. Agrotis, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 1 (1806); Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 66 (1816) ; Guenee; Walker. Male : forewing elongate, apex obtuse, exterior margin oblique, slightly convex ; cell extending to two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, ascending and joined to third by a very short spur near the base ; discocellular concave, upper radial from end of the cell in a line with subcostal, lower radial from near the lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower median at one-fourth before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex convex, exterior margin somewhat angular in the middle ; costal and subcostal joined at their base; two subcostals from 32 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON. end of the cell ; discocellular bent near tlie middle, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of tlie cell, lower at about one-fourth ; submedian and internal straight. Body stout, thorax compactly clothed, not crested ; palpi porrect, first and second joints of equal length, thickly clothed with long hairs, third joint subovate, squamose ; antennge rather broadly bipectinated at the base and thence setose to the tip in male ; legs long, femora pilose beneath, tibiae compactly clothed, fore tibiae above with, two lateral rows of long stout spines, middle and hind tibisB with similarly disposed but shorter spines in addition to the spurs beneath, tarsi thickly spiued. {Tijpe, A. segetum.) AGROTIS ARISTIFERA (Plate 147, Fig. 5, . Het, B. M. ix. [). 146 (1S.5G). Male. Forewing moderately short and broad, costal margin slightly recurved, apex pointed, exterior margin erect, posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell narrow, extending towards middle of the wing; costal vein recurved; subcostal branches curved upwards, first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of tlie cell, second at one-tenth, trifid, fifth and upper radial on a footstalk beyond end of the cell, the fifth touching third subcostal near its base ; discocellular concave, lower radial from near its lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one- third before the end; submedian recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex and exterior margin convex; two subcostals from end of the cell, discocellular bent below the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at about one-third ; submedian and internal vein slightly curved. Female : forewing somewhat longer ; costa almost straight, exterior margin slightly oblique, posterior margin less convex : fifth subcostal from end of the cell ; upper radial from slight angle at upper end of the discocellular. Body stout, thorax broad, palpi narrow, ascending to vertex, first joint laxly squamose, second joint long, compactly squaraose, third joint thickish, conical ; antennae simple ; legs stout, middle and hind tibisy spurred. LEOCYMA DIAN.! (Plate 149, Fig. 5). Leoci/ma Diancp, Giu'iiee, Noct. ii. p. 213 (18.52). Chasmina ghihra, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxii. p. 636 (I860). Both wings pearly-white, smooth, shining, immaculate. Head with a ferruginous band in front ; abdomen slightly ochreous above ; palpi ochreous above ; forelegs ochi-eous above, the fore femora with a longitudinal black streak, fore tibia? and tarsi with black spots. Expanse If to If inch. Genus BRANA. Brana, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xiii. p. 1099 (1857). Male : forewing elongate, somewhat triangular ; apex slightly rounded, exterior ■^nargin very oblique; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, thiid thrown off at one-fifth from base of second and G 2 44 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. fourth at about one-third from base of the third, fifth from end of the cell, and slightly touching the third near its base ; discocellular concave, bent at upper and near lower end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian curved : hindwing short, broad, apex very convex; two subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular concave, bent near lower end, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at nearly one-third before the end; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout, abdomen extending beyond hindwing, tufted at apex ; palpi ascending, compressed, second joint of uniform width, third joint linear, slightly widened at tip, about half length of the second ; antenna simple ; legs thick, femora slightly pilose beneath, middle and hind tibiae with long spurs. BEANA CALOPASA (Plate 148, Fig. 6.^). Drana colopasa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1100 (1857). Male: forewing dull purplish-grey; with four transverse series of whitish- bordered blue-black spots, including the orbicular and reniform spots ; and a broad outer black band, the inner border of which is whitish, the band being also traversed by a submarginal slender sinuous whitish line and crossed by white veins ; cilia edged with white : hindwing blue-black, the apical border and cilia white. Thorax and head purplish-grey ; thorax spotted with black, and the head with a black streak along the front ; palpi black, the outer side of first and second joints white ; legs black with white bands ; abdomen black above, tip ochreous-red, thorax and abdomen beneath ochreous-red, the latter with black basal bands, anal tuft also black. Expanse 2^ inches. Genus RAMADASA. Ramadasa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 603. Forewing moderately short, broad, costa slightly convex, apex obtuse, exterior margin oblique, posterior margin slightly lobed towards the base ; costal vein short, ending at half length of the costa ; cell broad ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth before the end, trifid, the third at one- fourth from base of the second, fourth at one-fifth from base of the third, fifth from end of the cell and touching the third by a short spur near its base ; discocellular concave, bent at each end, radials from the upper and lower angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; Submedian shghtly curved : hindwing short, trigonal, apex convex, exterior margin slightly produced in the middle, abdominal margin straight ; cell short, not extending to half its length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at nearly onj?- ACONTIIDyE. 45 ttird before tbe end ; submedian and internal vein nearly straigbt. liody stout, abdomen carinated above ; thorax broad ; liead flattened above, pointed in front ; palpi narrow, ascending, clotbed with short adpressed scales, second joint long, third joint about one-fourth length of the second and rising to the vertex ; antennce simpl(> ; legs long, stout, tibiaa thick, clothed with stout hairy scales; middle and hind til)ia) with long spurs. RAMADASA PAVO (Pi-ate 149, Fig. 1). Chasmina Pavo, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. ix. p. 147 (1856). Ramadam Pavo, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, \\ 603, pi. 59, (ig. 8. Forewing with the basal half covered with black-speckled olive-green scales, the base of the costal border being golden-yellow and black spotted ; outer half of the wing pale pinkish-ochreous or flesh colour ; the basal half bordered obliquely across middle of the wing by a slender deep black line, exterior to which is a diffused purplish-ferruginous band ; reniform mark large, defined by an inner white-streaked black border and outer black spots, with a central ferruginous-bordered black lunular spot ; from upper edge of the reniform mark a black streak extends inward to tlie costa, and before the apex is a prominent black angular streak, which is speckled -with metalhc-green scales ; a blue-speckled black spot at base of the middle band, and a marginal row of black dots : hiudwing and abdomen golden-yellow. Thorax and top of head olive-green, the scales black speckled ; front of head, palpi, and legs golden-yellow; front of head with black bands, palpi tipt with black; forelegs witli black bands, middle and hind legs with black spots ; all the tarsi with black bands. Expanse, S 1|, ? IJ inch. Genus CARANDANA. Forewing short, broad, costa convexly distorted near the apex and from which projects an overlapping tuft of long hairy scales, exterior margin convex, not oblique, posterior margin convex towards the base ; costal vein curved upward to the distorted margin at its end ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, bifid, fourth from end of the cell, bifid, and slightly joined to third for a short distance near its base ; discocellular concave, radials from upper end and near lower end; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian slightly curved : hindwiug short, broad, exterior margin convex ; two subcostals from end of the cell, discocellular concave, radial from near lower end; two upper jnedians from end of the cell, lower at one-third; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi ascending, long, narrow, second joint extending to level of the eyes, third joint cylindrical; antenna? simple ; legs stoutj pilose, middle and hind tibiee spurred. 46 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOX. CARANDANA FASCICULOSA. Acontiafasciculosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1760 (18.38). IMale. " White : forewings pale fawn colour beyond the middle, with a thick costal tuft of curled hairs at two-thirds of the length ; a broad short black streak ill the disc adjoining the tuft, in front of which the costa is slightly convex; costa with black points : hindwings with black marginal points. Legs with black dots. " Expanse 16 lines." Genus PITACOTA. ^lale : forewing elongate, costa almost straight, apex pointed, exterior margin sliohtly convex, oblique, and scalloped ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-eighth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, and touching third near its base ; discocellular concave, bent near lower end, radials from upper end and lower angle ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian recurved from the base : hindwing short, apex and extei-ior margin convex, slightly scalloped ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular obliquely concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of tbe cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout ; thorax laxly clothed ; palpi ascending, second joint rather long, compactly clothed, third joint cylindi-ical, half length of second ; antennse finely pectinated ; legs moderate, femora fringed beneath, spurs long. PITACOTA TERMINIGERA (Plate 149, Fm. 7). Felinia terminigera. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1850 (1858). Male. Cinereous-white : forewing white, the base and obliquely across the disc suffused with pale purplish-ochreous, and crossed by indistinct brownish sinuous bands, the middle and apex of the wing being white : hindwing whitish, with an indistinct cinereous discal baud and a marginal band. Thorax pale purpli.sh-ochreous, third joint of palpi ochreous ; legs with slender blackish bands; abdomen cinereous - white, tuft brownish. Expanse 1^ inch. Genus TARACHE. Tarache, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 261 (1818-25); Stephens, 111. Ilaust. iv. p. 412. Acontia (part), Ochsenheimer, Eur. Schinett. iv. p. 91 (1816). Wings small : forewing short, triangular ; cell long, narrow, extending two- thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third close to its base ; discocellular obliquely concave, bent near each end, radials from the angles; middle ACONTIIBjE. 47 median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submediaii curved : hindwing short, apex convex, exterior margin oblique ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular oblique, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout; palpi porrect, decumbent in front, laterally com- pressed, laxly squamose beneath, second joint not extending beyond the head, third joint small, conical ; antennas simple ; legs long, squamose, femora slightly fringed beneath, middle and hind tibiae spurred. {Typical species, T. Solaris.) TARACHE TROPICA (Plate 130, Fig. 2). Acontia tropica, Giienee, Noct. ii. p. 217 (1852). Forewing pale yellow in male, yellowish-white in female ; crossed by basal and subbasal olive-brown irregularly angulated blotched bands ; an irregular recurved discal more distinct band, the upper end of which is bent inward to the costa, the outer discal area being streaked with purplish-brown ; the extreme outer margin with two or three black speckles below the apex and above the posterior angle, the cilia in front of these speckles being purplish-brown ; a distinct small round olive-brown orbi- cular and reniforra spot : hindwing pale dull yellow, with pale brownish outer border. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs yellowish- white; forelegs with olive-brown bands. Expanse I inch. TARACHE SIGNIFERA (Plate 150, Fig. 4). Acontia siijnifei-a, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 793 (1857). Acontia subfixa, Walker, id xxxv. p. 1964 (1866). Creamy- white : forewing with some brown speckles along base of the costa ; a broad outwardly obHque transverse medial angulated brown baud, beyond which the wing is moi'e or less brown and is crossed by a discal and a submarginal denticulated white line ; between the latter lines the veins are mostly black streaked, and between the medial band and discal hne the reniform mark is defined by two black dots, and is bordered by a black streak in front ; along the outer margin is a row of black dots : hindwing with pale brownish outer border. Palpi, and legs, with blackish bands. Expanse VV inch. TARACHE OLIVEA (Plate 150, Fig. 3). Acontia olivea, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 217 (1852). Forewing pale olivaceous-yellow, with a very indistinct transverse basal and a medial olive-brown fascia ; a black-speckled reniform spot, from which a more distinct olive-brown fascia curves to the apex, the fascia being slightly black speckled below the apex : hindwing olivaceous-white. Body olivaceous-white. Expanse, ^ f, ? | inch. 49 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOX. TARACHE INDA (Plate 150, Fig. 5). Ariintia Inda, FelJer et Rogcuh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 108, fig. 23 (1874). Forewiiig deep yellow, with a broad outer marginal golden-yellow band ; the inner margin of the band being oblique and waved, and is bordered by a recurved purple-brown narrow band, which is indistinctly bent inward at the costal end : hindwing pale whitish-ochreous ; the outer border brownish. Body deep yellow ; palpi and legs above ochreous-brown ; tarsi with pale bands. Expanse -^ inch. TARACHE DESTITtTTA (Plate 150, Fig. 6). Acontia destituta. Walker, MS. Brit. Mus. Cabinet. Pale brownish-ochreous : forewing with four or five transverse basal slender brown sinuous lines, a recurved medial brownish sinuous band, followed by two parallel discal lines, the upper portion of the baud darker brown, and the two discal lines ending on the costa in a broad triangular dark brown patch ; at end of the cell is a distinct narrow reniform mark ; exterior margin with a row of blackish dots : hind- wing and abdomen dull pale ochreous-brown. Palpi and legs with dark brown bands. Expanse /u inch. Genus BAGADA. Bwjada, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1753 (1858). " Female. Wings moderately broad : forewings straight along the costa, rectangular at the tips ; exterior border hardly denticulated, very oblique hindward. Body rather stout ; palpi pilose, obliquely ascending ; third joint linear, rounded at the tip, about half length of the second ; antenna? simple ; abdomen slightly crested at the base; legs stout, slightly pilose; hind tibiaj with very long spurs." BAGADA PYROCHROMA. Bagada pyrochroma. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1753 (1858). " Female. Reddish : forewings mostly testaceous in front, with a whitish testaceous costal subapical patch ; a black subquadrate discal spot, near which the exterior line is indistinctly visible ; some few elongated whitish points in the disc ; marginal points black ; interior border cinereous : hindwings cinereous, somewhat brownish towards the exterior border; cilia pale. Head and fore part of thorax brown ; abdomen cinereous. " Expanse 13 lines." Genus HICCODA. Ilkcoda, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 134 (1882). Wings small : forewing lengthened, narrow ; costa slightly arched at base, ACONTIIDM. 49 exterior margin oblique, convex ; costal vein extending two-thirds the margin ; first subcostal branch emitted at one-half before end of the cell ; second trif urcate, emitted from end of the cell, third and fourth at equal distances from base of second, fifth also from end of the cell and touching third near its base ; discocellular very slender, radials from near upper and lower end ; middle median one-sixth before end of the cell, lower at one-third before its end ; submedian curved : hindvving triangularly ovate ; costal vein straight, extending to apex ; two subcostals emitted beyond end of the cell ; discocellular concave anteriorly and angled near lower end, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from some distance beyond end of the cell, lower at one-third before its end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body small ; palpi small, porrect, laxly squamose, second joint projecting beyond the head, third joint short ; legs squamose ; antennae setulose. HICCODA DOSAROIDES (Plate 150, Fig. 16). Iliccoda dosaroides, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 13.5 (1882). Pale ochreous-yellow : forewing with a large quadrate dark brown discocellular spot, a costal streak above it, some speckled spots at its base, a curved duplex streak below the cell, and a transverse discal sinuous pale yellow line with brown points ; a slight brown fascia below the apex ; a marginal row of brown dots : hindwing cinereous-grey. Body pale ochreous. Underside ochreous-yellow, numerously covered with brown speckles. Expanse A inch. Has much the appearance of Dosara, a genus of Pyrales. Genus NARANGA. Naranga, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 359; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 134. Wings small : forewing elongated, narrow, acute at the apex, exterior margin oblique : hindwing slightly elongated and narrow. Veins similar to those in Xanthodes. Palpi small, smooth, slightly ascending, third joint minute, slender, short ; legs slender, smooth. NARANGA DIFFUSA (Plate 150, Fig. 17). Xanthodes diffusa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 779 (1865). Naranga diffusa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 359. Forewing yellow, \\-ith a slight medial oblique short purplish-red baud, a less distinct streak below the apex, and a spot above posterior angle : hindwing whitish- yellow. Body, palpi, and legs above yellow. Expanse f inch. VOL. III. ^ 50 • THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. Genus CHURIA. Churia, Moore, Pioc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 359; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 135. Forewiug elongated, narrow, rectangular ; costal vein extending to two-thirds the margin ; first subcostal emitted at one-half and second at one-eighth before end of the cell, second trifurcate, third and fourth at equal distances from base of second, fifth from end of the cell and shghtly touching third at its base ; discocellular bent at its upper and lower end and very convex in the middle, radials from the angles ; upper median branch from end of the cell, middle branch from one-eighth and lower from beyond one-third before end of the cell ; submedian slightly curved at the base : hindwing short; costal vein straight, extending to apex; two subcostal branches from end of the cell; discocellular obliquely concave; radial from its lower end immediately above angle of the cell ; two upper median branches from beyond end of the cell, lower from one-third before the end ; submedian and internal veins straight. Body stout, abdomen long ; palpi porrect, second joint laterally broad at the tip, clothed with coarse lax scales, third joint short, thick, half length of the second ; legs stout, squamose ; antennae setose. CHURIA MACULATA (Plate 150, Fig. 7). Churia maculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 360. Male. Upperside pale brownish-ochreous ; cilia ochreous-white : forewing with a small black spot on middle of discocellular veinlet, and three equidistant spots on the submarginal border. Underside paler ochreous, palest along posterior border of forewing and on the hindwing. Palpi, and legs above brownish-ochreous. Expanse 11 inch. Family HELIOTHID.E. Imago of moderate or small size. Body smooth; thorax stout; tibijB armed with spines. Flight mostly diurnal. Larva cylindrical, not attenuated ; with sixteen legs. Feeds exposed on low plants, preferring the flowers. Pupa subterranean. Genus HELIOTHIS. Heliothts, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806) ; Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 91 (1816); Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 177 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 680 ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 361. Melideptria (part), Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 262 (1818-25). Hi'Uotis, Sodoff:^ky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. pt. vi. p. 15 (1837). Forewing elongated, costa slightly arched towards the end, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, convex hindward, posterior margin shghtly recurved; cell long, extending to three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, and fourth HELIOTEIDJE. 51 at one-fourth, from base of tliird, fifth from end of the cell, and slightly joined by a short spur to third near its base ; discocellular slender, bent in the middle, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submediau curved beyond the base : hind- wing short, exterior margin oblique, convex, waved ; cell extending to nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, oblique, concave, radial very slender, emitted from the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth before the end; submedian and internal vein slightly recurved. Body stout, smooth ; palpi porrect, extending half length beyond the eyes, pilose beneath, third joint short, obtusely conical ; antenna minutely pubescent ; legs moderately stout, femora fringed beneath, fore tibiae rather long, narrow, armed with two slender spines in front and shorter spines at the sides, middle and hind tibiae also spined at the sides, and with long spurs, r^jjt?, H. dipsacea. HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA (Plate 150, Fig. \,$, \a, laiva). Noctua armigera, Hiibner, Noct. pi. 79, fig. 370 (1804) ; Duponchel, Lep. Fr. vii. p. 310, pi. 119, f. ii, 6. Heliothis armigera, Treitschke, Sclimett. Eur, v. 3, p. 230; Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 181 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 683. Pale brownish olivaceous-ochreous : forewing crossed by very indistinct zigzag antemedial and denticulated discal duplex brownish lines, followed by a dark fascia which is bordered by a zigzag submargiual line ; the outer discal line with a row of minute black point's ; a small dusky brown orbicular spot and a more distinct reniform mark ; a marginal row of minute black dots : hindwing paler ; semidiaphanous towards the base, veins brown, with a dusky brown marginal band, which has a pale exterior streak in its middle ; a slight brownish lunule at end of the cell. Expanse 1\ to 1^ inch. Larva elongated, green, palest above ; with a darker dorsal line, and two yellowish sublateral lines ; three anterior segments transversely speckled with purple-brown and black spots ; fifth to eleventh segment with a large lateral purple-brown black- spotted blotch, the eleventh segment also with an irregular black dorsal mark. Pupa reddish. "Feeds on Rosebuds, &c." (ThwaUes.) Genus ADISURA. Adisura, Moore, Proc. Zool. See. 1881, p. 367; Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 136 (1882). Forewing comparatively short and broad, triangular, costa nearly straight, apex very acute, exterior margin oblique and even, posterior margin short ; first subcostal branch emitted from half length of the cell, second near the end, trifurcate, the third H 2 52 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. and fourth at equal distances from base of second, fifth curved upward from end of the cell and touching the third close to its base ; discocellular concave, slightly bent near its lower end ; upper radial from end of the cell, lower from angle of disco- cellular ; upper median branch from angle above end of the cell, middle branch from the end, lower at some distance before its end : hindwing triangular, rather broad and short : costa nearly straight, exterior margin convex and much waved, abdominal margin short ; two subcostal branches emitted from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, slightly concave; radial extremely slender, emitted from middle of discocellular ; two upper median branches from slightly beyond end of the cell, lower fi'om one-third before its end. Body short, stout ; palpi stout, laxly squamose, apical joint thick, short ; legs laxly pilose ; antennae minutely pectinated in male. Type, A. Atkinsoni. ADISURA PALLIDA (Plate 1.50, Fig. 8). AdisuTa pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 369. Male : forewing very pale purplish greyish-ochreous, with the costal edge and a longitudinal fascia extending along the median and submedian to outer margin very pale ochreous-brown ; a few minute black speckles on costal and posterior borders ; a curved discal transverse row of minute black points ; cilia edged with white : hindwing ochreous-white, with an indistinct pale brown medial submarginal fascia. Underside ochreous-white. Thorax and head ochreous-grey ; palpi at the side, and legs above ochreous-brown. Expanse \tu inch. Family ANTHOPHILID^. Imago small ; antennte short ; abdomen slender, smooth ; forewing thick ; in repose forming a very inclined roof. {Htainton.) Larva smooth, with twelve or fourteen legs ; feeds exposed on low plants. Pupa in a slight cocoon amongst moss. Genus ANTHOPHILA. Anthophila, Hubner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806) ; Ochs. Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 93 (1816). Porphijrinia, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 256 (1818-25). Eromene, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 256. Helioviaius,* Sodoffsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. pt. vi. p. 16 (1837). Micra* Guenee, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 225 (1841); Noct. ii. p. 241 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. sii. p. 820. Thalpochares (part), Lederer, Noct. Eur. p. 184 (1857). Wings small ; forewing triangular, costa straight, apex acute, exterior margin * Previously used. ANTHOPHILIDyE. 53 oblique, slightly convex ; cell narrow, extending to about three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, free ; discocellular slightly bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one- half before the end ; submedian straight : hiudwing broad, exterior margin convex ; cell extending to half the length, two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-half before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Cilia broad. Body slender, thorax broad; palpi ascending, fusiform, squamose, second joint thickish and reaching level of the eyes, third joint short, conical ; legs squamose ; antennae finely ciliated. Type, P. purpurina. ANTHOPHILA DEROGATA (Plate 150, Fig. 18). Micra derogata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 825 (1857). Forewing pale yellow, with a broad oblique discal crimson band traversed by a violet-purple recurved fascia from the apical end, and marked by a geminated yellow streak above the posterior angle, the band is also bordered on each side by an olive- brown fine: hindwing yellowish-white, with a slight brownish marginal border. Body, palpi, and legs yellowish-white. Expanse fV to tV inch. ANTHOPHILA DIVISA (Plate 150, Fig. 10). Thalpochares divisa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 371. Male and female. Yellow : forewing with a broad outer dark ochreous-yellow band occupying half the wing, the inner border of the band formed by a delicate black line broadly suffused outwardly across the disc with purple-red, the exterior margin of the wing also purple-red and traversed by a slender white line, on which are a few minute black dots ; two indistinct black dots also at end of the cell : hind- wing with a slight ochreous outer margin. Body and legs yellow ; tarsi with pale purplish-red bands. Expanse f. inch. ANTHOPHILA HEMIRHODA. Micra hemirhoda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 799 (1865). Anthophila roseifascia, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 803. Thalpochares adulans, Felder et Eogen. Novara Reise, Lep. iv. pi. 108, fig. 11 (1874). Lemon-yellow : forewing with a broad crimson band extending obliquely across the disc, and a similar naiTower band along the exterior margin : hindwino- with a 54 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. pale brown marginal band tinged with crimson at tlie anal end. Body, palpi, and legs yellow ; palpi tinged with pale crimson at the side ; legs with pale crimson bands. Expanse | to 1 inch. Genus EUBLEMMA. Eublemma, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 256 (1818-25). Porphyrinia (part), Hiibuer. AnihirpMla (part), et Micra (part), Guenee. lltalpochares (part), LeJerer. Wings shorter and broader than in typical Anthophila : forewing more triangular in form : hindwing shorter and more convex externally ; venation similar. Palpi somewhat stouter, less fusiform in shape, broader laterally at the base, and clothed with longer scales beneath, tip shorter and more obtuse. Tyyey E. Amoena. EUBLEMMA AMABILIS (Plate 150, Fig. 12). "White : forewing with a broad discal pale pinkish-violet band, the inner border of the band being darkest and indented to the end of the cell, the outer border being also darker and angled outward at the middle median vein, upper radial, and at the costal end ; the entire angulated outer border is also bordered by a prominent white Hne, which is slightly speckled with black scales ; the marginal border of the wing and the cilia is sufiused with pale pinkish-violet : hindwing with a similar pinkish- violet discal band, which is waved and angular only towards the lower end, the outer border line is also pale pink and distinctly speckled with black scales along its entire length ; the outer border of the wing and the cilia is also suffused with pale pinkish- violet. Body, palpi, and legs white. Expanse to inch. * Genus PARACRAMA. Forewing short, broad, rectangular; exterior margin almost erect, posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell disposed towards middle of the wing, and extending somewhat more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted about two- thirds before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and joined by a short spur to the third near its base; discocellular outwardly obhque, bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian sHghtly curved at the base : hindwing short, apex convex, exterior margin slightly angular in the middle ; cell extending half the length ; two subcostals from end of the ceU ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from extreme end of the ANTHOPniLIDJE. 55 cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout, abdomen carinated above ; palpi ascending, slender, squamose, second joint extending to level of the eyes, third joint long, of the same length as second ; antennse simple ; legs squamose, middle and hind tibii» with very long spurs. PARACRAMA DULCISSIMA (Plate 150, Fig. 11,^). Nolasena chdcissima, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. vii. p. 76 (1864) ; Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xxxiii. p. 860. Male and female : forewing grass-green, crossed by an outwardly oblique ante- medial and an erect postmedial slender indistinct whitish line, and a slender angular- bordered purplish-brown marginal band ; the extreme costal edge speckled with purplish-brown scales and streaked with white ; cilia purple-brown : hindwing very pale pink, whitish towards the base. Thorax and head grass-green, abdomen pinkish-ochreous above ; palpi purplish-ochreous above, whitish beneath ; legs white, front and middle legs with purple-brown bands. Expanse, S 1^, ? 1^ inch. Genus PHYLLOPHILA. Phyllophila, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 254 (1852). Wings small : forewing elongated, narrow, triangular ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, touching the third at half way between its base and the fourth ; discocellular obliquely concave, radials from the upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing rather long, exterior margin obhque, waved ; cell extending half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular obliquely concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body small, narrow ; palpi porrect, long, narrow, squamose, second joint projected half beyond the head, third joint short ; antennas setose ; legs squamose, middle and hind tibise stout, clothed with hau'y scales, spurred. Type, P. Wimmerii. PHYLLOPHILA MODESTA (Plate 150, Fig. 13). Male and female pale dull ochreous-white : forewing numerously speckled with pale ochreous-brown scales ; crossed by a very indistinct brown-speckled antemedial line and a postmedial line ; a large brown-speckled reniforra spot ; a small black spot at base of the cell, some short black streaks along the edge of the costa, and a 56 THE LEPJDOPTERA OF CEYLON. marginal row of black dots : bindwing tinged with pale violaceous-brown externally. Body ochreous-wliite ; front of thorax, head, palpi, and legs pale brown. Expanse 1 inch. Genus HYELA. Hydrdia* Guenee, Ann. Soc. Eut. Fr. x. p. 227 (1841); Noct. ii. p. 234; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. sii. p. 812. Hyela, Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 149 (18o0). Wings short, broad : forewing triangular ; cell broad, extending two-thirds the wing; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third close to its base ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave, radials from near upper and lower end ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-half before the end ; submedian slightly curved : hind wing very broad ; exterior margin convex ; cell broad, extending to half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from a footstalk one-third beyond end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender ; palpi porrect, narrow, compactly clothed, apex conical ; antennse simple ; legs squamose. Type, H. uuca. HYELA CURVIFERA. Hydrdia curvifera, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. Srd ser. i. p. 91 (1861). " Female. Coffee-brown, whitish beneath. Forewings subfalcate, with a whitish marginal band, which contains the brown marginal dots ; a whitish short curved stripe in the disc, forming a loop with the whitish subcostal stripe, which is inter- rupted and irregular exteriorly ; the inclosed space blackish streaked : hindwings cinereous-brown. Head white in front ; palpi porrect, short, securiform, extending" a httle beyond the head ; anteunsB smooth, short ; thorax white on each side. " Expanse 7 lines." Hab, Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Saunders' Collection at Oxford University Museum. HYELA LATIVITTA (Plate 150, Fig. 9). Bankia lativitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 373. Forewing pale chestnut-brown ; basal third very obliquely white, the border defined by an irregular slender dark brown line; an oblique discal white band extending from posterior angle to the costa and enclosing two black discocellular * Previou.-^ly used by Hubner for a genus of Lepidoptera. ANTlIOPlllLID^E. 57 dots, the costal end projecting obliquely outward and again indistinctly merging into the band on the disc ; an oblique dark brown-speckled fascia from the apex : hind- wing cinereous-brown. Cilia whitish with a blackish line. Thorax white ; abdomen cinereous, brown speckled ; legs with brown bands. Expanse ro inch. Genus ODICE. Odice, lliibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 258 (1818-25). Microphisa* Boisduval, Index Meth. p. 170 (1840). Micwphysa, Guen. Ann. 8oc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 233 (1841); Walker, Catal. Lcp. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 833. Forewing elongated, rather broad, triangular ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-ninth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell, free ; discocellular bent close to each end, slightly concave in the middle, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian almost straight : hindwing short ; cell broad, extending to half the length ; apex and exterior margin convex, abdominal margin short ; discocellular bent near lower end, radial from the angle ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; two upper medians from a footstalk at a short distance beyond end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Cilia broad. Body small, moderately stout, abdomen not extending beyond hindwings ; palpi ascending, reaching to the vertex, fusiform, compactly squamose, apex short, conical ; antennge finely pectinated to the tip ; legs squamose, somewliat long, middle and hind tibiae with long spurs. {Type, 0. inamtena.) ODICE TRANSVERSA (Plate 150, Fig. 15). Llale and female : forewing greyish violet-brown ; with a short black recurved streak below base of the cell, a black transverse waved subbasal line, a broad brownish-white medial ti-ansverse band with black- speckled borders, the band being traversed along its outer border by a pale brown line ; outer area of the wing with black streaks along the veins and crossed by a slender greyish-white zigzag sub- marginal line ; cilia greyish -white: hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, and palpi violet-brown ; legs cinereous-brown, with darker brown tarsal bands. Expanse, $ fo, 2 i°ij inch. Hah. Ceylon. Allied to 0. abscissa, from S. Africa. Genus MARADANA. Eorewing elongate, narrow, exterior margin slightly oblique and convex; cell extending more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before * Used for a genus of Hemiptera in 1834, by Westwood. VOL. III. I 58 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CF.YLON. eud of the cell, second from close to the end, third trifid, from end of the cell, fourth at one-third and fifth at one-half from base of third ; discocellular slightly concave, radials from upper and lower end ; middle median from close to eud of the cell, lower at nearly one-third before the end ; submedian straight : hindwing short, apex and exterior margin convex ; costal vein straight ; subcostal running very close to the costal ; two subcostal branches from end of the cell, upper branch extending very close alongside of the costal ; cell extending to one-third the length ; discocellular obliquely concave, radial from lower end ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately slender, abdomen slightly tufted at apex ; palpi ascending to level of the eyes, fusiform, laxly squamose beneath, apex short, conical ; antennaa finely bipectinated ; legs rather thick, tibice stout, clothed with strong hairy scales, middle and hind tibise spurred. MARADANA RIVTJLATA (Plate 150, Fig. 14). Purplish-red : forewing speckled with black and grey scales ; crossed by an antemedial and a postmedial slightly waved slender yellow baud, the inner border of the bands black speckled ; a black-speckled spot at end of the cell ; a pale yellow interciliary line: hindwing paler purplish-red, brownish towards the base; crossed by a discal curved pale yellow slender band ; interciliary line pale yellow. Body brown ; palpi brown ; legs dark purple-brown, middle and hind tarsi yellowish. Expanse 1 inch. Family PALINDIIDiE. Wings rather broad, shining, with distinct bands, and generally with metallic colours; body slender. {Walker.) Genus HOMODES. Homodes, GuL'nee, Noct. ii. p. 280 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii.p. 852. Male : forewing elongated, somewhat narrow, costa arched, exterior margin very oblique, hardly convex, posterior margin rounded at the base ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fifth from base of the second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of the third, fifth from end of the cell and joined by a short spur to the third close to its base ; discocellular very slender, concave, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-half before the end ; submedian very deeply curved from the base : hindwing very short, triangular, apex and anal angle convex, exterior margin very PALIXDIID^. 59 oblique ; cell short, extending to one-third the length ; two siibcostals from cud of the cell ; discocellular very slender, outwardly oblique, concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately slender ; palpi ascending, stout, short, hardly reaching to the level of the eyes, fusiform, laxly squamose, very indistinctly articulated, tip minute, conical; antennae minutely ciliated; legs stout, fore femora clothed with very long hairs, middle and hind spurs long. HOMODES CROCEA (Plate 151, Fig. 11). Homodes crocea, Guenee, Noct. ii. [). 280, pi. 11, fig. 2 (1852). HornoJes vivida, Gueaee, id. p. 280. Dark saffron-yellow ; all the markings bordered with ochreous-red : forewing with a violet-brown transverse basal, a subbasal, and a postmedial sinuous band, a broader waved medial band, and a lunular outer discal band, all traversed by metallic silvery speckles ; between the postmedial and outer discal line is a paler violet zigzag band without silvery speckles ; and along the outer border of the wing is a sub- marginal row of black linear spots, and a marginal row of violet-grey triangular spots ; a prominent dark violet-brown raised orbicular spot, and two similar spots at end of the cell, each speckled with metallic-silvery scales : hindwing with transverse medial, postmedial, and outer discal violet-brown silvery-speckled bands, an inter- mediate paler discal zigzag band, and submarginal black linear spots ; cilia alternated with violet-brown and red. Body, palpi, and legs above ochreous-red. Expanse 1;^ inch. Family ERIOPID^. Forewing often angular on exterior border ; with distinct lines. Thorax and abdomen crested ; antennte more or less distorted and bent in the male, minutely pectinated. Larva with sixteen feet, cylindrical. Pupa subterranean. Genus CALLOPISTRIA. Callopistria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 216 (1818-25); Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 143 (1882). Lagopus* Latr. N. Diet. H. N. xvii. p. 199 (1816 ?) Eriopus, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. v. 1, p. 365 (1825). Forewing acuminate at the apex ; exterior margin oblique, angular in the middle, scalloped ; first subcostal emitted at half length of the cell, second close to end of the cell, trifid, third and fourth at nearly equal distances apart from base of second, • Pieviously used for a genus of Birds. 60 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. fifth from end of the cell and anastomosing with third for a short distance above its base ; discocellular slightly concave, bent at each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from ansrle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before its end : hind- wing longer than broad, exterior margin convex, scalloped ; two subcostal branches from end of the cell, discocellular slightly concave ; radial from near lower end ; two median branches from end of the cell, third at about one-fourth before its end. Thorax laxly pilose ; antennse minutely bipectinate, more or less distorted and bent at half its length in the male ; palpi slightly ascending, second joint laterally broad, widest and pointed in front, pilose, third joint long, slender, cylindrical ; femora, tibijB, and fore tarsi densely and laxly clothed with hair in the male, less so in the female, spurs strong. Type, C. Pteridis. CALLOPISTRIA RECTJRVATA (Plate 151, Fig. 1, ^). Callopistria recurvata, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 144 (1882). Forewing dark rufous-brown, veins lined with silvery-white ; some silvery-white bordered black subbasal transverse zigzag lines ; a silvery- white antemedial straight duplex line, which is bent outward at the median vein, lunate orbicular and reniform marks, a recurved postmedial pale bordered duplex line, and zigzag short streaks below the apex ; the basal, costal, and apical interspaces between the veins blackish- brown, the discal area brightest and traversed by a black sinuous line ending in a white spot beyond lower end of the cell ; two black-bordered white zigzag lines below the apical streak : hindwing brown, with paler interciliary line. Thorax rufous- brown, collar black streaked ; abdomen brown ; legs with blackish-speckled bands. Expanse 1^ to 1^ inch. CALLOPISTRIA EXOTICA. Callojmtria exotica, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 294 (1852); W;ilker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 865. Smaller than C. recurvata, and of a paler colour : forewing with the vein lines indistinct, the antemedial transverse duplex line entirely convex, which gives the reniform mark a wider interspace ; and the postmedial duplex line is more convexly recurved in crossing the disc, the intervening area between the two lines being thus conspicuously broader. Expanse | to 1 inch. Genus METHORASA. MetJiorasa, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 374. Allied to Callopistria : forewing less acuminate, exterior margin less oblique and with a more even cilial edge ; first subcostal branch and the lower median emitted ERIOPIDuE. 61 comparatively nearer the end of the cell: hindwing more convex externally; cell broader ; discocellular more erect. Thorax more compactly clothed ; palpi smaller, second joint of uniform lateral width, third joint very short and thick ; antennte in male of the normal form and more minutely bipectinate ; legs less pilose. Type, M. Latreillii. METHORASA THWAITESII (Plate 151, Fig. 2). Pale greyish violaceous-brown : forewing with a black zigzag streak from base of the costa, a streak below base of the submedian vein, a transverse black antemedial sinuous duplex line, a recurved postmedial sinuous duplex line, with its costal end contiguous to a distinct black reniform spot ; across the outer disc is a series of short black longitudinal streaks, which form an irregular broad dentated submarginal band ; along the outer margin is a row of small black dentate spots, the fourth and fifth from the apex being confluent and extend inward to the submarginal band : hindwing and abdomen pale violaceous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs pale greyish violaceous-brown ; palpi and legs with dark blackish bands. Expanse Irlr inch. Family EURHIPIIDiE. Forewing often angular and generally denticulated on the exterior border. Abdomen with small more or less divergent lateral tufts. {Walker.) Larva with sixteen feet, glabrous, smooth, attenuated anteriorly. Pupa sub- terranean. Genus PENICILLARIA. Penicillaria, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 302 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. sii. p. 870. Forewing elongated, narrow, costa almost straight, apex pointed, exterior margin slightly angular below the apex and at the middle, and obhque hindward, posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell long, narrow, extending more than half the length ; discocellular slightly concave, i-adials from the upper end and near lower end ; first subcostal emitted at more than one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching the third near its base ; middle median from angle immediately at end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian very deeply curved from the base : hindwing very short, apex convex, exterior margin slightly angular at end of the lower median ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout, thorax very stout, crested; abdomen in male <52 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOK witli lateral tufts at the apex ; palpi porrect, stout, fusiform, laxly squamose beneath, second joint extending half beyond the eyes, third joint thick, pointed ; antennae bipectinated for half its length in male ; legs stout, pilose, spurs long. Type, P. nugatrix. PENICILLARIA NUGATRIX. Penicillaria nngatrix, Gainee, Noct. ii. p. 303, pi. 14, fig. 7 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 871. Dark purplish-ferruginous : forewing crossed by an indistinct subbasal, ante- medial, and a postmedial ochreous-grey line with brighter ferruginous borders, the sublmsal line very indistinct, the antemedial line curved outward, the postmedial line irregularly recurving from the costa above the end of the cell, angulated outward below the median, and terminating at the posterior angle; a whitish angular line curves from before the apex to above middle of the posterior margin and thence to the lower angle ; a dusky brown ochreous-grey bordered reniform spot : hindwing white, with pui-plish-ferruginous marginal band, and an indistinct blackish spot at end of the cell. Tarsi with white bands. Expanse 1 inch. PENICILLARIA JOCOSATRIX (Plate 151, Fig. S, 3 , 8a, larva). Penicillaria jocosatrix, Gnenee, Noct. ii. p. 304 (1852) ; Walker, Cat.il. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 871. Dark purplish violet-brown : forewing with a transverse blackish subbasal and a medial fascia, both bent outward below the cell and ending in a purplish-white costal spot ; a blackish discal fascia which is darker across the disc and before the apex, where its border is defined by an outward curved whitish line, the latter line being continued and indented below the radial, from whence it is inwardly obUque and waved on reaching the posterior margin ; a pale longitudinal streak extends from the angle of tlie inner fascia to the angle of the outer, the exterior margin has a slender white angular line continued from the curved subapical line ; a slight dark reniform spot at end of the cell ; the transverse areas between the fascias all suffused with purplish-grey : hindwing white, with a broad purplish violet-brown marginal band, and a small indistinct blackish spot at end of the cell. Body, palpi, and legs dark purplish violet-brown ; tarsi with narrow white bands. Expanse 1 to H inch. Larva green, with a sublateral darker shade ; a few fine short hairs from the spiracles ; the segments speckled with small purple spots and a subdorsal row of larger spots. Pupa dark purple-red. " Feeds on Terminalia Belerica, &c." (ThwaUcs.) EURHIPIIDjE. 63 Genus TARGALLA. Targalla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1007 (18.;7). Cri/assa, Walker, id. xv. p. 1745 (1858). Penicillaria (part), Guenee. Forewing broader than in typical Penicillaria, the extci'ior margin scalloped, angular in tho middle : hindwing broader. Venation similar. Palpi somewhat smaller ; antennfe simple in male ; legs less pilose. Type, T. infida. TAE6ALLA INFIDA (Plate 151, Fig. 6, ^ , 6<7, larva). Targalla infida. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. ^NI. xiii. p. 1008 (1857). Penicillaria ludatrix, Walker, id. xv. p. 1773 (1858). Greyish violaceous-brown : forewing with the basal half darker brown, crossed by some indistinct black- speckled waved lines, the outer half of the wing hoary, and crossed by two very indistinct discal blackish-speckled denticulated lines, and two sinuous submarginal lines, the veins being lined with black and white streaks ; a minute white orbicular spot, and narrow ferruginous reniform mark bordered by a pale whitish line ; before the apex is a dark brown triangular costal spot bordered by three white costal dots ; outer margin with a row of black points : hindwing brown, cinereous towards the base, and with cinereous-white streaks from above the anal angle, and blackish spots up the lower median and submedian veins. Cilia violet-brown. Thorax and head speckled with black ; palpi blackish at the side ; tarsi with blackish bands. Expanse 1 to H inch. Larva green, paler on the sides ; with a slender subdorsal whitish line and a row of small lateral spots. Papa red, enclosed in a slight cocoon under portions of leaves and excrement. TARGALLA SOLIDA. Penicillaria solida, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiil. p. 814 (1865). " Male. Eeddish ; partly whitish beneath : forewings with a whitish straight oblique middle band, which contains the reniform mark, and is diffuse on the outer side, where it is bounded by the exterior line ; the latter is brown, curved, very incomplete; submarginal line pale, denticulated, indistinct, partly bordered with brown, forming the outer side of a costal brown triangular spot, which includes three testaceous costal points ; marginal points black ; interior part with very indistinct undulating cinereous lines ; reniform mark brown, very narrow, containing a testa- ceous line : hindwing brownish-cinereous ; marginal festoon whitish. Palpi brown, partly whitish; thorax crested; abdomen crested at the base, with some pale 64 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON. testaceous dorsal spots, testaceous towards the tip ; the red part terminating in a blackish tinge, two apical lateral diverging tufts. " Expanse 12 lines." Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. TARGALLA BIFACIES (Plate 151, Fig. 5,S , 5-i, larva). Cryassa hifacies, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1745 (1858). Male : forewing ochraceous olive-green ; crossed by an irregular zigzag indistinct blackish pale subbasal line, an antemedial and a medial line ; a more distinct recurved discal denticulated white-bordered line, which is acutely pointed outward at the lower radial, followed by an ill-defined white-bordered zigzag submarginal line ; a small white orbicular spot, and a narrow quadrate reniform mark, the latter with central ochreous-green streak ; the area between the subbasal and antemedial hues and the lower half between the medial and discal lines and also the area between the latter and the submarginal line, excepting the triangular costal spot, is of a pale ochreous olivaceous-white ; the veins across the disc with black and white streaks : hindwing dusky brown, cinereous-white towards the base ; with pale testaceous-white waved transverse streaks from above anal angle, and a slender interciliary line. Body dull pale ochreous olive-brown ; tegular black speckled, abdomen dusky at the base ; palpi and legs whitish, with black bands. Female : forewing with exactly similar but more distinct transverse lines ; the pale interspaces of a testaceous tinge, and the dark spaces reddish-testaceous ; the orbicular and reniform marks with black borders : hindwiugs and abdomen dusky violaceous-brown. Expanse ItV to liV inch. Larva green, head paler ; spiracles brown, from which project a few short fine hairs ; a subdorsal and a lateral slender pale yellow line, the latter extending between the spiracles. Pupa violet-purple. TARGALLA EEPLETA. Eutclia repleta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 821 (1865). Eutelia impleta, Walker, id. p. 822 (1865). Eutelia plusioides, Walker, id. p. 822 (1865). Eiirhipia pratexta, Felder, Reise Nov. Lep. iv. p. cxi. fig. 24 (1874). Male. Forewing violaceous olive-brown ; crossed by extremely indistinct basal, subbasal, and antemedial blackish-speckled sinuous lines, an oblique slightly curved whitisli-bordered medial line ending at the reniform mark, followed by a discal slender black denticulated line, an outer discal recuiwed line, which is denticulated only at its posterior end, and a submarginal slender whitish zigzag line ; a white punctiform EUEIIIPIID^. 65 orbicular spot, and a curved whitish-lined reniform mark : hindwing dusky violaceous- brown, cmereous-wliite at the base, cinereous-white waved streaks from above anal angle, and a dark brown marginal lunular line. Abdomen violet-brown at the base ; legs with blackish bands. Female pale violaceous greyish-brown : forewing with the outer area from the curved medial line lilacine-grey ; the discal transverse lines obsolescent posteriorly, except a small black spot ending the discal line ; reniform mark whitish. Expanse \^ inch. This is probably only a varietal form of C. bifacics. TARGALLA RESOLUTA. Penicillaria resoluta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 816 (I860). " Male. Fawn colour ; paler beneath : wings shghtly denticulated along the exterior border : forewings with black flecks, which form irregular and incomplete transverse lines ; an incomplete bent whitish band beyond the exterior line, and a whitish angular incomplete submarginal Kne ; a blackish irregularly triangular costal subapical spot containing the whitish costal dots ; exterior border slightly bent ; orbicular mark white, punctiform; reniform large, testaceous-white, oblong-sub- quadrate, slightly concave on the outer side : hindwings cinereous-brown, with a testaceous incomplete submarginal line. Wings beneath with three approximate exterior curved brown lines. " Expanse 14 lines." Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. B. L. Layard. Genus EUTELIA. Eutelia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 259 (1818-25); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 872. Eurhipia, Boisd. Eur. Lep. luJ. Meth. p. 73 (1829); Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 305. Forewing elongated, narrow, costa straight, slightly rounded at the tip, exterior margin denticulated and slightly angular in the middle, very oblique below the angle ; cell extending to half length of the wing ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end .of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of the third, fifth from end of the cell and touching the third close to its base ; discocellular very slender, concave, radials from the upper and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half ; submedian deeply curved fi-om the base : hindwing short, narrow, apex very convex, exterior margin denticulated ; cell short, reaching one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, concave, radial from close to lower end ; two upper medians from extreme end of the cell, lower at VOL. III. K 66 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout, thorax crested, abdomen with lateral tufts at the apex in male ; palpi porrect, second joint thick, squamose, extending beyond the head, third joint long, cylindrical, of the same length as second; antennte serrated and pectinated to half its length in male, simple in female; legs stout, pilose, spurs long. {Type, E. adulatrix.) EUTELIA FAVILLATRIX. Eutelia favillatrix, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1778 (18.58). Pale brownish-cinereous : forewing lilacine-grey along the costa ; crossed by very indistinct basal undulated blackish lines, a curved white-bordered black duplex medial line, and a recurved discal sinuous duplex line, followed by an outer discal recurved single line, and a zigzag submarginal line ; reniform spot red, bordered by a white line ; a pale ochreous-white patch at the apex : hindwing pale cinereous, with Ijrownish veins and marginal border. Thorax with reddish bands ; abdomen with some metaUic-blue scales at the base, palpi and legs with blackish bands. Expanse tu inch. EUTELIA CINCTIPALPIS. Eutdia cinctipalpis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. .xxsiii. p. 820 (1863). " Female. Pale cinereous, slightly tinged with ferruginous ; dark cinereous beneath : forewings with a brown dot in the disc, and with four exterior denticulated brown lines ; a brown irregular submarginal band ; marginal line brown ; exterior border slightly convex, very oblique : hindwings with lines somewhat like those of the forewings, but less distinct. "Expanse 18 lines." Genus YARNIA. Varnia, Walker, Joiun. Linn. Soc, Zool. vii. p. 69 (1864). Porewing short, triangular, moderately broad at the end, costa arched towards the apex, exterior margin angular below the middle, scalloped below the angle ; cell extending beyond half the length ; subcostals free, first emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, third and fourth at equal distances from the second, fifth from end of the cell; discocellular bent near each end, concave in the middle, radials from the angles ; middle median from one-fifth before end of the cell, lower at two-fifths ; submedian very concave tow^ards the base : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex, scalloped ; cell broad, extending to half the length ; costal vein much recurved ; subcostal touching the costal before end of the cell ; two subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular bent in the middle, convex at the ends, radial from close to the lower end ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower EVRIUPIIBM. 67 at one-fourth before the end; submedian and internal vein curved. Body very stout, abdomen conical ; palpi ascending, second joint reaching to vertix, flattened in front and at the side, roughly squamose, third joint lanceolate, about half length of the second ; antennjB stout, simple ; legs stout, most densely clothed with thick hairy scales, spurs long. (F. iijnlta.) VARNIA TAPROBANA (Plate 151, Fig. 7). Dusky greyish-ferruginous ; forewing crossed by a basal, a curved medial, and a discal greyish-black band, the discal band dilated at the costal end ; a similar coloured oblique streak from the posterior angle and another below the apex ; between all the bands and the streaks are slender indistinct blackish sinuous lines : hiudwing crossed by several indistinct blackish sinuous lines ; a semi-diaphanous white geminated spot at end of the cell. Body, palpi, and legs ferruginous-brown. Expanse ^ to jo inch. Genus CHLUMETIA. A'm-haba* Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 813 (1863). CIdumetia, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1271 (1865). Wings small : forewing elongated, costa slightly arched, apex rounded, exterior margin slightly oblique and convex ; cell disposed towards the middle of the wing, extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching third close to its base ; disco- cellular slender, concave, radials from upper and lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing short, narrow, exterior margin convex ; cell extending to one-third the length ; two sub- costals from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from extreme end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein recurved. Body short, stout, thorax and abdomen crested ; palpi stout, obliquely ascending, second joint laxly squamose, laterally widened in front, third joint short, conical ; antennae stout, minutely pubescent ; legs stout, squamose, middle and hind spurs very long. CHLUMETIA TRANSVERSA (Plate 151, Fig. 3). Nachaba transversa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 114 (1863). Chlumetia guttiventris, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1271 (1865). Forewing violaceous-grey; crossed by two indistinct black-speckled grey- bordered basal, subbasal, medial, and discal waved lines, an outer discal denticulated Used by Walker in 1859 for a genus of Lepidoptera (see Catal. xix. p. 834). K 2 68 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. line, a subraarginal broad black zigzag line, and a marginal row of black linear spots : hindwing pale brownish-cinereous, with a paler interciliary line. Body and legs brownish-cinereous ; legs with blackish bands. Expanse ^V i"ch. CHLUMETIA EGENS (Plate 151, Fig. 9). ? egens, Walker, MS. Bi-it. Mus. Cabinet. Forewuig purplish-grey; minutely black speckled; crossed by a black basal, subbasal, and a recurved medial sinuous line, an angulated discal denticulated line, and a slender sinuous submarginal line ; a small black orbicular and reniform spot : hindwing cinereous-grey, dusky brown externally, with two black-speckled sinuous streaks above the anal angle, and a marginal row of black linear spots. Thorax purplish-grey, abdomen cinereous- grey ; palpi cinereous-grey, black speckled ; tarsi with black bauds. Expanse -^^^ to y^ inch. Family PLTJSIID-S:. Imago with the forewing smooth, shining, and generally with discal metallic spots : wings in repose forming a sloping roof. Flight diurnal and nocturnal. Larva with twelve or sixteen legs, half looped ; attenuated anteriorly ; with bristly spots on flesby points. Feeds exposed on shrubs or herbaceous plants. Pupa in a silken cocoon, above ground. Genus ABROSTOLA. Ahrostola, Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 88 (1816); Samoiielle, Ent. U. Comp. p. 252 (1819) ; Guenee, Noct. i. p. 320; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 880. Ilahroslola, Sodoffsky, Bull. Imp. Soc. Mosc. pt. vi. p. 15 (1837). Forewing elongated, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, convex, posterior margin recurved ; cell long ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at about one-third from base of second, and fourth at one-half from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, curved upward and very shghtly touching third at half-way between its base and the fourth ; discocellular slightly concave, bent at upper and near lower end, radials from the angles, middle median from angle near end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian sUghtly recurved : hindwing short ; cell broad, extending less than half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before PLUSIID^. 69 the end ; submedian and internal vein slightly curved. Body stout, thorax and abdomen crested ; palpi rather long, second joint ascending to level of the vertex, very laxly squamose beneath, third joint long, cylindrical, half length of the second ; antennce simple ; legs stout, pilose, spurs long. {A. triplasia.) ABROSTOLA TRANSFIXA. Ahrostola transjixa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 884 (1857); xv. p. 1783 (18,58). Forewing dark greyish-brown, with some transverse basal costal darker brown curved lines, a subbasal waved duplex hue with purplish centre, and a similar discal sinuous duplex line, followed by a submarginal zigzag slender black line and a mar- ginal denticulated line tipt with white dots ; an elongated outwardly oblique slender silvery-white lined orbicular mark, and a black lined reniform mark ; from tlie orbicular mark an elongated pale silvery-white lined black-bordered streak extends to the discal line below the lower median vein : hindwing and abdomen cinereous- brown, marginal border darkest. Thoi-ax, head, palpi, and legs dark greyish-brown. Expanse If to If inch. Genus PLUSIA. Plusia, Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806); Ochsenh. Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 89 (1816); Gueiiee, Noct. ii. p. 324 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 885. Phytometra (part), Haworth. Campma (part), Lamarck. Forewing elongated, costa slightly arched towards the tip, apex pointed and slightly falcate, exterior margin oblique, convex hindward, slightly denticulated, posterior margin recurved ; cell long, extending two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one- fourth from base of second, fourth at one-third from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching third close to its base : discocellular deeply concave in middle, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, exterior margin oblique, convex, slightly denticulated ; cell extending two- fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout, thorax and abdomen crested ; palpi ascending, laxly clothed with hairy scales in front, second joint reaching to vertex, third joint minute ; antennjB simple ; legs rather long, fore tibiee pilose, middle and hind tibioe with long spurs. {Type, P. chrysitis.) 70 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. PLTJSIA CHRYSITINA (Plate 152, Fig. 7). Phalmna Noctua chrysitlna, Martyn, Psyche, pi. 21 (1797). Noctua aurifera, Hiibner, Eur. Scbmett. Noct. pi. 98, fig. 463 (1810). Plusia aurifera, Tieits. Scbmett. Eur. iii. p. 168 ; Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 335 ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xii. p. 892. Forewing purplish ferruginous-brown, with a broad curved metallic golden-yellow angulated band extending from middle of the cell to the apex, which is indistinctly traversed across the disc by a zigzag darker fascia and a few short flecks ; a very indistinct transverse slender pale golden-yellow zigzag subbasal and an antemedial line ; a pale golden-yellow lined orbicular and reniform mark : hind wing pale brownish-cinereous, with cuprescent-brown marginal border. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs brownish-ferruginous, abdomen paler. Expanse Ito to 1 "^ inch. Larva bluish-green, with a few short dorsal hairs ; a prominent white lateral line, and slender dorsal lines. Pupa olive-green beneath, dorsally purplish-brown ; stiormata black. "Feeds on Coreopsis." (Thwaites.) PLUSIA VERTICILLATA (Plate 152, Fig. 6). Plusia verticillata, Gueuee, Noct. ii. p. 344 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 923. Dark cinereous-brown : forewing with a short transverse subbasal costal slender silvery-white streak, an oblique antemedial line, a less distinct discal angulated hne, which is silvered only at its posterior end, and a slender black zigzag submarginal line ; the borders of the basal streak, the medial interspace, and the exterior border darker coloured and glossy cupreous-ferruginous in some lights ; the antemedial line is continued below the cell and joins a silvery-white ringlet spot with a very con- tiguous oval spot ; a very indistinct silvery-white lined oblique orbicular mark, and a less distinct cuprescent reniform mark : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown, with a dusky brown border, crests of abdomen tipt with black and grey. Expanse Ijo to ItV inch. Larva green, palest along the back ; with indistinct longitudinal lateral and dorsal paler lines. Pupa green, with black dorsal streaks. " Feeds on species of Ficus." {Thwaites.) PLTJSIA NIGEILUNA (Plate 152, Fig. 2, 2a, larva). Plusia nigriluna, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 931 (1857). Forewing dark purplish-brown ; with a transverse basal, and an antemedial silvery-speckled black-bordered slender waved line, a less defined recurved discal zigzag line, a submarginal sinuous line, and a marginal lunular line ; tte basal, medial, and submarginal dark interspaces glossy cupreous-brown in some aspects : hindwing and abdomen brown ; cilia paler, with darker brown spots. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs dark purplish-brown ; tarsi with pale bands. Expanse 1\ inch. Larva olive-green, darkest beneath ; with a few short fine dorsal hairs ; the segments spotted with black. Pupa green, with dorsal segmental brown streaks. " Feeds on Acalypha." (Thivaitos.) PLUSIA SIGN ATA (Plate 152, Fig. 4). Noctua signata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 2, p. 81 (1793). Plusia signata, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 345 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xii. p. 926. Plusia furcifera, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 927 (1857). Purplish greyish-brown : forewing crossed by a subbasal costal brown-bordered slender golden-yellow streak, an antemedial and a postmedial transverse oblique waved line, followed by a submarginal zigzag line, the intermediate medial area below the cell, and the outer border glossy cupreous-brown in some lights ; three or four small black spots below base of the cell ; reniform mark defined by indistinct black spots and a slender golden-yellow line ; below the cell is a prominent silvery-white ringlet and a contiguous oval spot : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Crests of thorax and abdomen tipt with black and grey. Expanse 1 ^ inch. PLUSIA OBTUSISIGNA (Plate 152, Fig. \,la, larva). Plusia obtusisigna. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 930 (1857). Forewing purplish-grey, numerously black speckled ; a slender pale pinkish transverse subbasal short waved line, beneath which are some black streaks, an antemedial pale pinkish black-bordered waved line, and a postmedial recurved sinuous hue, followed by a submarginal zigzag line, and a marginal lunular line ; an indistinct white-lined oblique orbicular mark, reniform mark very indistinct; a silvery-white oblique angular streak extending from the orbicular mark between the lower median and submedian vein ; discal area above the silvery-white streak, and also the dark borders of the transverse lines dark glossy purplish-brown in some lights : hindwing cinereous-brown, palest at the base. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs purplish-grey, brown speckled, tarsi with blackish bands ; abdomen cinereous-brown. Expanse 1^ inch. Larva green, with white longitudinal dorsal lines, subdorsal streaks, and lateral dots, and black dots on the fifth to last segment ; a black streak on side of the head ; front of head and fore legs with black dots, middle feet pale red. Pupa purple-brown. 72 THE LEPIDOFTERA OF CEYLON. PLUSIA LIMBIRENA (Plate 152, Fig. 5). Plusia limhirena, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 921 (1857). Forewiiig purplisli greyish-brown, black speckled, crossed by an indistinct inwardly-oblique subbasal and an antemedial waved slgnder silvery-grey black- bordered line, and a similar discal denticulated line, followed by a submarginal sinuous line, and a marginal lunular line witb a purplish spot on the middle of the margin ; orbicular mark indistinct, outwardly oblique, defined by a pale purple line, reuiform mark less distinct ; below the cell is a brilliant silvery-white ringlet spot and a connected lower oval spot ; the darker parts of the wing cupresceut-brown in some lights : hindwing and abdomen brown, cinereous at the base ; cilia cinereous. Thorax, head, and palpi purplish greyish-brown ; tarsi black, with pale bands. Expanse If inch. PLUSIA OCHREATA (Plate 151, Fig. 4). Plusia ochreata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiii. p. 839 (1865). Forewing purplish-ferruginous, with cinereous reflections ; exterior border bright cupreous ; crossed by an indistinct brown basal, subbasal, and a discal undulated hne, and a submarginal zigzag line; a long oblique lanceolate silvery-bordered streak extending from the subcostal across the middle of the cell to the discal line : hindwiner and abdomen purplish-cinereous. Thorax ferruginous; palpi and legs pale ferru- ginous-brown. Exj)anse 1 inch. PLUSIA AGRAMMA (Plate 152, Fig. 3, 3a, larva). Pbisia agramma, Guenee, Noct. ii. p. 327 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 926. Plusia inchoata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 841 (1865). Purpurescent cinereous-brown : forewing with a transverse waved subbasal pale line, an oblique medial, and an angulated discal line ; an intermediate glossy cupreous- brown subbasal fascia below the cell, and along the exterior border, the latter traversed by a blackish zigzag line, the fascite appearing black in some aspects : hindwing and abdomen pale cinereous-brown. Expanse 1t*o to ItV inch. Larva green, with a few fine dorsal hairs; laterally black spotted, and with some short black pointed spines along the back, which are stoutest on the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and twelfth segments ; a prominent white subdorsal and a lateral waved line. Pupa olive-green, with blackish dorsal streaks. "Feeds on Cucurbitacese." {Thivaites.) PLUSllD.lZ. 73 PLUSIA PLACIDA (Pr.AiE l.JI, Fir,. 10). Forewing pale \aolaceous greyish-brown, with a pale greyish-white siil)l)a.sal costal transverse streak, an inwardly oblique antemedial line from below the cell, and a ])nst- medial oblique line ; a recurved line extends below the cell from the outer to the inner line ; the outer border of the wing is traversed by a waved blackish snbmarginal fascia ; the lower area between the transverse lines from the recurved line, and also the borders of the submarginal fascia with jenescent reflections ; an indistinct pale lined orbicular and reniform mark ; a whitish marginal line extends from the apex to the middle of the posterior margin : hindwing greyish-brown. Body, palpi, and le"-s pale violaceous grej'ish-brown. Expanse Ito inch. PLUSIA LECTULA (Plate 146, Fig. 2). Prodenia lectiila, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1679 (1858), ^J. Fhisia Kalitura, Felder et Rogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 110, fig. 24 (1874). Forewing pnrplish greyish-brown ; some short silvery purplish- white transverse streaks with blackish borders at the base of the costa and below base of the cell, a pnrplish- white streak from base of cell, and a more distinct silvery-white bordered lengthened lanceolate streak extending obliquely below the lower median vein, on which is a black dot at its upper basal end ; reniform mark blackish, with a silvery- white lunule on its outer side ; across the disc is a purple-brown zigzag lunular line with purple-white borders, beyond which is a submarginal row of blackish dentate spots bordered by a silvery-white sinuous line, and along the exterior margin are two slender purple-white antecihary lines : hindwing pale cinereous, with broad brownish marginal border. Thorax and dorsal crests purplish-brown with purphsh-white streaks; abdomen cinereous; head, palpi, and legs brown. Expanse 1 to l~ inch. PLUSIA DISPELLENS. Pliisia dispellens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet, B. M. xxxiii. p. 838 (1865). " Female. Cinereous : forewings with a short black basal streak, and with two very broad cixpreous-brown bands, which converge hindward; first band whitish- bordered, abbreviated hindward ; second irregular, with some blackish dots on its exterior side, interrupted hindward ; a whitish oblong patch between the bands, straightened in the middle, its fore part containing the reniform mark, its hind part forked ; marginal dots black : hindwings pale cupreous-brown. Head, thorax, and underside brownish ; palpi ascending, densely tufted to their tips ; fore tibise densely tufted. "Expanse 14 lines." Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. VOL. III. L 74 THE LEPTDOPTERA OF CEYLON. PLUSIA IMPULSA. Plusia impnha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 838 (I860). " Female. Pale oclireous : forewings with a slight lilac tinge ; three pale brownish-bordered oblique slightly curved lines ; interior and exterior lines widely apart, space between them brightly gilded reddish-speckled, containing an oblique gilded silvery streak ; a reddish apical spot ; reuiform mark very indistinct ; marginal line pale, brown bordered : hindwings whitish-cinereous beneath, with two indistinct brownish lines. Abdomen and underside whitish-cinereous. " Expanse 10 lines." Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the Collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. PLUSIA MDTANS. Plumi mutans, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxili. p. 839 (1865). " Female. Cinereous : forewings cupreous tinged, glistening, with some undu- lating cinereous lines, of which a double one beyond the middle is moi'e distinct than the others ; submarginal line cinereous, zigzag ; disc with an oblique lanceolate silvery streak, which is furcate at the base ; marginal line pale cinereous, marginal lunules blackish. Head and thorax slightly tinged with ferruginous. " Expanse 18 lines." Genus PLUSIODONTA. Plusiodonta, Guonee, Noct. ii. p. 359 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 937. Deva, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 962 (1857). Forewing rather short, costa almost straight, pointed at the apex, exterior margin slightly angular in the middle, oblique hindward, posterior margin excavated from the end, lobed beyond the middle, the angle and lobe fringed ; cell long, narrow, extending three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell and touching third near its base ; discocellular concave, radials from upper and lower end ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing broad, exterior margin convex ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco- cellular concave, radial from close to lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body slender, thorax crested ; palpi long, second joint pilose, thick, ascending to vertex, third joint linear, almost as long as the second ; antennjB very minutely and sparsely pectinated ; legs rather long, squamose, spurs long. (P. conducens.) PLUSIID.E. 7.j PLUSIODONTA CHALSYTOIDES (I'i.atk \ry.i, Fi,-,. \,\a, i, larva), Plusiodonta r/idlsi/toidcs, Giienee, Noct. ii. p. 3(>() (18o2). Deva conducens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. H. M. xii. p. 963 (18o7). Pliisia afjens, Felder and Rogonli. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 110, fig. 32 (1874). Forewing dull oclireous olive-brown ; base of the wing with an irreguhu- pui'plish- cinereous patch, which is bordered by an oblique silvery-white streak from the costn, followed by some gilded yellow ferruginous-bordered lilacine-lined transverse irregular marks, an antemedial blackish lilacine-bordered sinuous line, and a very oblique discal angular blackish duplex line, which is also bent inward to the costa at the lower subcostal vein, the black portion of the line terminating at the lower median vein, and its lower end being ferruginous-brown, this line is also bordered by a lilacine- grey line ; along the outer margin is an elongated upper and short lower gilded-yellow black-lined mark, and a marginal row of lilac-grey dentate lunules ; an indistinct gilded-yellow lilac-grey bordered reniform mark : hindwing and abdomen dusky cinereous-brown ; cilia cinereous. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs ochreous olive- brown. Expanse, (lial urea between the two transverse lines either entirely dark violet-brown or only on the iii»]K'r lialf of the area, in both sexes; in some females the two transverse lines are less defined and have only a slightly darker slender border, with the intermediate area of the same colour as the outer parts ; both sexes have a small black spot at upper end of the cell, and a slight black streak at base of the posterior margin : hindwiug dusky violet-brown, with the discal area hyaline-white ; cilia and fringe of abdominal margin white. Thorax, head, palpi, and bands on tibite and tarsi olive-brown ; body and legs beneath white. Expanse 1| to If inch. Family GONOPTERID^. Imago with the forewiugs angulated and indented on the exterior border ; thorax with raised collar; abdomen flattened and truncated in both sexes. {Stainton.) Larva with sixteen legs, smooth. Feeds exposed on trees. Pupa enclosed in a slight cocoon amono:st leaves. Genus COSMOPHILA. Cosmophila, Boi:?(luval, Faim. Ent. MaJ. Lep. p. 94 (1834); Giieu. Noct. ii. p. 394 (1S.52) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 985. Forewing elongate, moderately broad, costa slightly arched towards the end, apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique, and angular in the middle, posterior margin convex towards the base ; cell long, extending three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, third at one-fourth from base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching the third close to its base; discocellular concave, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian recurved : hindwing short, broad ; cell extending to half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco- cellular slightly concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout, abdomen carinated above ; palpi ascending, second joint clothed with long lax scales, stout, reaching to the vertex, third joint two-thirds the length of second, cylindrical and acuminate at the tip ; antennge minutely pectinated ; legs slender, squamose, middle and hind tibice with very long spurs. (C xanthiadyma.) M 2 84 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. COSMOPHILA XANTHYNDIMA (Plate 155, Fig. 1, 1 a, 6, c? ? , larva). Cosmnphila xanthyndimn, Boisduval, Faun. Eiit. Madag. Boiir. et Maur. Lep. p. 94, pi. 13, fig. 7, c? (1834) ; Gm'nee, Noct. ii. p. 396 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 987, ^. Cosmophila indica, Giu'nee, Noct. ii. p. 396, ? (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 986. Cirrmlia variolosa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xi. p. 750 (1857), $ . Cirrivdia edentata, Walker, id. xi. p. 750 (1857), ? . Male : forewing oclireous-yellow, speckled with ocbreous-red from the base to the middle, the outer half being pale purplish brownish- ochreous ; two short subbasal costal angular oclireous-brown lines, an outwardly oblique angulated antemedial line, an inwardly oblique medial line, followed by an upper discal slender line, and a sub- marginal dusky brown angulated fascia ; orbicular mark small, defined by an oval brown ring, reniform mark large, dusky lilacine-brown, with a dusky brown spot below it : hiudwing pale brownish-ochreous. Thorax, head, and palpi ochreous, speckled with ochreous-red ; legs whitish, speckled with purphsh-ochreous. Female : forewing more uniformly paler ochreous, the transverse lines and the basal speckles as in male, but less distinct ; orbicular and reniform mark paler : hind wing paler ochreous. E.Kpanse, . M. xiii. p. 1104 (1857), J- "Male. Brown, paler beneath: forewings varied with pale brown; with some black patches, a pale apical spot which contains some black streaks, and with black marginal lunules : hindwings with paler cilia3. " Expanse 10 lines." Genus SELEPA. Selepa, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 353 (1858). Wings small : forewiug elongated, rather broad; costa much arched at the base, apex not pointed, exterior margin oblique, posterior margin convex at the base; cell disposed in middle of the wang and extending three-fifths the length ; costal vein at a wide distance from the margin ; first subcostal emitted at two-sixths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third from very near base of second, fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell and joined to third for a short distance beyond the base ; discocellnlar outwardly oblique, bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from near end of the cell, lower at two-fifths before the end ; submedian recurved : hind-wing short, apex hardly pointed, exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell extending half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellnlar much curved, radial from lower end ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body small, stout, abdomen keeled above ; palpi porrect, laxly covered with hairy scales which are projected forward ; second joint projected half beyond the head, third joint about one-third length of second ; antennas stout, slightly setose in male, basal joint thick, with a short spinous point in front ; front legs fringed beneath, middle and hind legs smooth, spurs rather long. (-S'. Celtic.) nYPOGEAM]\riDyE. 103 SELEPA CELTIS (Plate 158, Fig. o,^). Sekpa Celtis, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C. ii. p. 353, pi. 9a, fij;. 9, pi. K!, fig. 8, Sa (1857). Suhrita ciirviferella, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1745 (1865). Male : forewing pale violaceous greyish-cinereous, obliquely clouded with a darker violaceous-brown tint across the lower exterior border, and the discal and basal areas ; with a transverse antemedial slender black pale-bordered duplex line, which is angulated outward and sinuous below the median vein and also waved and curved slightly outward at the upper end ; a similar postmedial line which is more acutely angulated inward and sinuous below the median, and curved slightly inward at the upper end ; the pale outer border of the lines margined by a slight blackish sinuous fascia, followed by a similar submarginal fascia, and from the postmedial line to the posterior angle is a slight blackish oblique streak of raised scales ; orbicular mark composed of a black spot of raised scales and bordered on its inner side by a pale lunule ; reniform mark of pale-bordered black raised scales and enclosed by a slender ring ; a slender black marginal line : hindwing cinereous-white, with pale cinereous- brown outer border. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs above violaceous greyish- cinereous; abdomen pale cinereous-brown; palpi beneath, and hindlegs cinereous-white. Female : forewiugs paler, the antemedial duplex line angulated in front of the orbicular mark, and the postmedial line more curved inward to the costa, its lower end composed of raised black scales ; there is also a slender black streak above the lower median and another below it, both of which end at the submarginal sinuous fascia : hindwing and body paler than in male. Expanse -f-^ to ~ inch. Vaeiety. Female (Plate 158, fig. 4) : forewing with similar transverse markings, between which is a lonnfitudinal medial black fascia. SELEPA STRIGIFERA (Plate 158, Fig. 3, 3a, larva). Forewing jjale violaceous greyish-cinereous, more or less longitudinally clouded with darker violaceous-brown between the veins ; crossed by an outwardly oblique angulated pale-bordered black antemedial line, and a similar postmedial line which is widely and evenly curved outward from above the median vein to the costa ; followed by a prominent black sinuous submarginal fascia; orbicular and reniform mark composed of grey-bordered black raised scales ; the lower end of the transverse lines and fascia also composed of raised scales in the female ; a slender black streak above the lower median vein and another beneath it, the latter extending to base of the wing ; the costal, subcostal, and median veins also slightly lined with black : hindwing cinereous-white, with pale cinereous-brown outer border. Thorax, head, palpi, and 104 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. forelegs above violaceous greyish-ochreous ; abdomen, and Lindlegs pale cinereous- brown. Ex^Danse, S f , ? 1 inch. Larva with 16 legs, narrow; pale brownish-ochreous, with a dorsal erect series of slender black hairs, those on the anterior and posterior segments longest and spatnlar at the tip ; a lateral series of short decumbent white hairs ; a subdorsal black-spotted green streak extending from 6th to 10th segment, and a dorsal black spot at base of hairs on 3rd to 6th, 10th, and last segment. Pupa olivaceous brownish-ochreous. Genus SYMITHA. Si/mitha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiii. p. 1731 (1866). Sarrothripa, Felder et Rogeu. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 106, fig. 16 (1874). Wings small : forewiug elongated, narrow, elliptic ; cell extending nearly three- fifths the length, disposed along middle of the wing ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-tenth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third ; fifth from end of the cell and joined to third by a short spur close to its base ; discocellular outwardly oblique, bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle below end of cell, lower at about one-third ; subraedian much recurved : hindwing rather narrow ; exterior margin very oblique ; cell extending to half the length; first subcostal emitted before end of the cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal straight. Body moderately stout; head with a slight pro- jecting tuft in front; palpi porrect, very long, laxly squamose, second joint slightly dilated at tip, extending half beyond the eyes, third joint as long as second, flattened, fusiform; fore tibias laxly pilose beneath; middle and hind spurs long; antennse setose, basal joint thick. SYMITHA INDICA (Plate 158, Fig. 6). Sarrothripa indica, Felder et Rogen. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 106, fig. 16 (1874). Cinereous-brown, clouded indistinctly with darker brown below the apex and on middle of the costa ; crossed by an indistinct outwardly-oblique subbasal line, an antemedial cinereous-bordered blackish sinuous line, and an inwardly oblique postmedial line ; followed hj a submarginal row of points, which increase in size ])Osteriorly, the lowest point being the largest and most distinct ; a marginal row of slender black points ; orbicular and reniform marks indistinct, the intervening space with a dark brown speckled streak : hindwing pale brownish-cinereous, whitish at the base. Body and legs above cinereous-brown. Expanse fo inch. IIYPOGRAMMID^. 105 Genus CLETTHARA. Clctthara, Wulkci-, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxvii. p. 101 (1863). Male. Wings small : forewing rather short, and broad ; costa much arched from the base, exterior margin slightly oblique, posterior margin conv^ex towards the base ; cell extending beyond half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second from end of the cell, quadrifid ; discocellular obliquely concave, bent close to upper end, radials from the angle and close to lower end ; middle median fi'om near end of the cell, lower at about one-fourth ; submedian much curved : hindwino triangular; in the male the costa is distorted, it being convex at the base, folded upward and fringed with long hairs to the middle ; apex almost pointed, exterior maro-in very oblique ; cilia long ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; disco- cellular inwardly oblique ; radial and two upper medians on a footstalk beyond end of the cell, lower median at about one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein much curved. Body stout, thorax very robust ; palpi suberect, smooth, second joint reaching to middle of the eyes, third joint linear, longer than second ; antennte rather stout, slightly pubescent towards the base in the male, basal joint thick ; foreleo-s thick, fore tibia3 thickly clothed, fore tarsi short and thick; middle tibijB slightly pilose ; hindlegs long, smooth ; spurs long. Type, C. velata. CLETTHAEA BASALIS (Plate 158, Fig. 7). Forewing pale violaceous ochreous-brown ; crossed by a medial angulated erect white-bordered black line, and a postmedial elbowed similar line, the intermediate area darker at the upper end and almost black at the posterior end ; reniform spot minute, black ; the sub marginal area longitudinally streaked with black in the middle and with, a whitish spot ; marginal dots black ; a black costal patch at base of the wing : hindwing pale cinereous at the base, brown externally ; cilia edged with cinereous-white. Body and legs above pale violaceous ochreous-brown. Expanse ttj inch. Genus PLOTHEIA. Plotheia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1108 (1857). Egelcsta, Walker, id. xv. p. 1747 (1858). Galleriomorpha, FeKler, Wien. Eut. Mouats. vi. p. 37 (1862). Othora, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. iM. xxxiii. p. 902 (1865). Forewing elongated, rather narrow, costa arched, apex acute, exterior margin convex, very slightly oblique, posterior margin convex at the base ; cell long, narrow, extending to about three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-third from base of second, and fourth at one-half from base of third ; fifth curved upward from end of the cell, and VOL. lU. I" ,06 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. joined to third by a short spur near its base; discocellular slender, outwardly obhque, radials from upper and near lower end ; middle median from angle near end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian shghtly curved : hindwing short, small, apex convex; first subcostal from an angle immediately before end of the cell; discocellular deeply concave, slender, radial from close to lower end ; middle median from ano-le near end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout, abdomen fusiform, keeled above, flat beneath, base and thorax slightly crested, and with a slight anal tuft in male, pointed in female ; palpi porrect, laxly squamose, scales long above second joint and partly covering third joint ; second joint projecting half beyond the head, third joint linear, nearly as long as second ; antenna3 of male setulose, furnished with long set^ towards the base, setose in female ; legs stout, forelegs densely pilose, middle and hindlegs laxly squamose, spurs long. Tijpe, P. frontalis. PLOTHEIA FRONTALIS (Plate 157, Fig. 6, ? ), Plotheia frontalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1109 (1857), ?. Othora canescens. Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 904 (1865), ? . Female : forewing pale brownish-ochreous ; crossed, by apparently five, inner indistinct blackish sinuous Hues, and a curved discal denticulated Hue, followed by a less apparent submarginal line ; orbicular and reniform spots composed of black raised scales, the latter with an indistinct outer ring : hindwing pale ochreous-brown. Body pale brownish-ochreous; abdomen with indistinct brown segmental dorsal rings ; legs ochreous, with pale brown bands. Expanse Ijo inch. PLOTHEIA LATIVITTA (Plate 157, Fig. 11, ?). Female : forewing very pale brownish-ochreous, with a broad purplish violet- brown anterior band extending from the costa near the base, below the cell, and thence to the exterior margin below the apex, leaving a slender pale costal space near the apex, the wing also indistinctly crossed by the ordinary sinuous blackish lines ; the orbicular and reniform spots of raised black scales : hindwing pale ochreous- brown ; cilise ochreous- white. Body very pale brownish-ochreous ; abdomen with indistinct brown segmental rings ; forelegs brown above. Expanse It^j- inch. PLOTHEIA SPURCATA (Plate 157, Fig. 5, 3e Tree iu Ceylon, p. 23. Male : forewing dusky violaceous greyish-brown, crossed by a subbasal pale hrownish-ochreous band, which is bordered outwardly by a distinct white waved line; a prominent white curved discal Hue, followed by a submarginal indistinct ferruginous sinuous line ; the lower subcostal vein and upper radial, and the submedian also lined with white ; base of wing and medial area crossed by very indistinct sinuous blackish lines ; a small orbicular and reniform spot of black raised scales : hindwing dusky brown ; cilia cinereous-brown. Body dusky violaceous greyish-brown ; thorax densely speckled with white scales ; abdominal rings indistinct ; legs with dark brown l)ands. Expanse ly-jr inch. According to the observations of Mr. Nietner the larva of this species is occa- sionally found feeding upon the Coffee-tree. PLOTHEIA GRISEOVIRENS (Plate 158, Fig. 2, ? ). Female : forewing pale sap-brown, crossed by greyish-white bordered indistinct blackish sinuous inner and outer lines, and prominent diffused black recurved discal lines, the latter with a prominent black streak above the lower end ; a ferruginous submarginal sinuous line ; the medial area between the discal and inner lines greyish- HYPOGRAMMIDyE. 109 white, enclosing a small black orbicular spot and clouded reniform mark : liindwing brown, palest at the base; cilia edged with cinereous-white. Thorax, head, pal|)i, and legs above sap-brown, speckled with grey ; abdomen cinereous-brown, with black dorsal segmental rings ; legs with dark bauds. Expanse l-rn inch. PLOTHEIA VELATA. Othora velata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 902 (1865), cJ. " Male. Dark ferruginous-brown : forewings with six black zigzag lines ; first, second, and third lines antemedial, the other three bent beyond the renifoi-m mark ; three large cinereous patclies ; first patch costal, extending to the tip, second on the interior border, larger than the third, which is on the interior angle ; orbicular and reniform distinguished by two black dots, the latter enclosed in a large black ringlet ; marginal points black: hindwings ^neous-brown. Body whitish beneath. Head whitish in front ; palpi whitish towards the base, thorax with two very short cinereous stripes ; legs whitish, tibiae and tarsi blackish above. " Expanse 16 lines." PLOTHEIA CINERASCENS. Othora cinei-ascens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 903 (1865), ?. " Female. Cinereous : forewings with some indistinct brown zigzag lines ; two blackish denticulated lines on the inner side of the orbicular mark ; a blackish much outward curved line at half distance between the reniform and exterior border; submarginal line pale cinereous, zigzag, incompletely bordered with ferruginous; marginal lunules blackish ; a brown spot on the end of interior border ; orbicular and reniform distinguished by two black dots of obliquely elevated scales, the latter enclosed in a large irregular blackish ringlet ; hindwings with a brownish marginal band. Body beneath white ; palpi with a blackish stripe at the base, and with a tuft at the tip above ; thorax with a blackish stripe ; fore tegute with a blackish oblique streak on each side ; legs beneath, and femora white. " Expanse 18 lines." PLOTHEIA ALBOTECTA. Othora albotecta. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 903 (1865), ?. " Female. Cinereous-brown : forewings white ; base, one-third of the length of the costa, and a large apical patch cinereous-brown, with the usual darker lines ; marginal lunules black in the patch : hindwings cinereous, with a broad brownish border. Body white beneath : pale white beneath, with a black stripe on the base, and with a long porrect tuft above the tip; legs white, tibi^ and tarsi above cinereous, with brown bands. " Expanse 18 lines." no THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. PLOTHEIA PLAGIATA. Othora plagiata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 907 (1865), 5. " Male. Blackish : forewings glaucous-tinged ; with some transverse black zigzag lines, and with three whitish patches ; first patch small, elongated, very near the base, second large, extending to the costa, including the reuiform, accompanied by three whitish streaks near its hind border ; third small, narrow, extending to exterior border ; the line beyond second patch much curved outward ; a blackish- cinei'eous apical spot, containing some little white streaks ; submarginal and marginal points white ; reniform mark blackish, small, enclosed in a blackish ringlet : hindwings dark cinereous. Body and palpi white beneath ; palpi with a black stripe on the side, tufted at tip ; legs white beneath. " Expanse 18 lines." PLOTHEIA CONCISA. Othora concisa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 910 (1865), $ . " Female. Cinereous fawn colour : forewings with three brown indistinct post- medial lines which are much bent outward ; submarginal line cinereous, zigzag ; marginal lunules brown, with a white oblique band near the base, bordered with deep black on the outer side ; orbicular and reniform marks represented by brown dots, of which the scales are obhquely ascending, the latter enclosed in a large irregular brown ringlet : hindwings cinereous. Palpi white beneath, deep black on the side towards the base. " Expanse 18 lines." PLOTHEIA IMPRIMENS. Othoi-a imprimens, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 911 (1865), ^J. " Male. Dark brown : forewings with a broad black stripe which extends along the interior border and is broadest at the base, where it occupies nearly the whole breadth, this stripe contains two white lines and two white patches ; a white apical patch ; some diffuse indistinct blackish lines and two distinct concise black lines, between which there is a large irregular black ringlet, which contains a little black line : hindwings cinereous-brown. Body and legs whitish beneath ; palpi whitish beneath ; abdomen cinereous-brown, black speckled, with a black stripe which extends along nearly half the length from the base, hind borders of the segments whitish. " Expanse 15 lines." PLOTHEIA SUBGLAUCA. Othora subglauca. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 905 (1865), J. " Male. Dark brown : forewings with transverse black denticulated lines ; more than half the exterior surface interruptedly greenish-cinereous ; a double outward curved blackish line beyond the reniform mark ; submarginal and marginal points HYPOGRAMMID^. Ill white ; some short white streaks near the tip of the costa ; orbicular and reniform mark composed of blackish elevated scales, the latter enclosed in a double brown ringlet : hindwings cinereous, brown towards the exterior border. Body and palpi white beneath, palpi with a black stripe extending to near the tip ; legs white beneath ; femora entirely white. " Expanse 18 lines." PLOTHEIA ALBIVITTA. Othora albivitta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiii. p. 908 (1865),?, " Female. Cinereous-brown : forewings with some blackish zigzag lines, most of these are interrupted by a broad irregular white stripe, which extends from the base to full three-fourths of the length, where it is contiguous to a double angular blackish-brown line ; submarginal line cinereous, zigzag, bordered with ferruginous on the inner side ; marginal lunules blackish ; orbicular and reniform mark black, the latter enclosed in a large irregular blackish ringlet : hindwings cinereous, with a broad brownish border. Palpi whitish beneath, striped with black on the side. " Expanse 18 lines." PLOTHEIA ORBICULARIS. Diomea orbicularis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xv. p. 1804 (1856), ?. " Female. Blackish-brown ; brownish-cinereous beneath : forewings irregularly varied with ochraceous speckles ; exterior part mostly whitish ; lines deep black, undulating, not distinct ; reniform mark small, deep black. Palpi cinereous, with blackish bands : hindwings brown ; abdomen brown, with two blackish crests towards the base ; tarsi with black bands. " Expanse 10 lines." PLOTHEIA CHLOROMELLA. Diomea cMoromella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1804 (1858), ?. " Female. Green ; brownish-cinereous beneath : forewings with three very diffuse black bands ; the third includiug the green denticulated and undulating submarginal line ; interior and exterior lines white, undulating, most remote from each other in the middle ; orl^icular and reniform marks deep black, the former as a dot, the latter rather larger ; fringe blackish : hindwings brown. Thorax with two black bands ; abdomen brown ; fore tarsi and middle tibiae with black bands. " Expanse 10 lines." PLOTHEIA RUDIVITTA. Egelesta rudivitta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xv. p. 1748 (1858), ?. " Female. Pale wood colour : forewings with the disc mostly ferruginous-brown ; lines brown, denticulated, partly black, very incomplete ; a black band near the base, emitting a black discal stripe, which extends nearly to the middle of the exterior 112 THE LEPinOPTERA OF CEYLON. border ; marginal lunules dark brown ; orbicular and reniform marks hardly visible : hindwings cinereous-brown. Thorax speckled with dark browu. " Expanse 12 lines." Family CATEPHIIDJE. Imago of moderate size, rarely large : hindwings generally less squamose or semi-hyaline at the base. Thorax much crested, abdomen slightly crested ; frontal tuft prominent; antennte long. Genus ARGTE. Arete, Kollar, Hiigel's, Kaschmir,iv. p. 477 (1844). Cocytodes, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 41 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1122. Wings rather broad, very robust : forewing elongated, almost straight along the costa, angular at the apex, exterior margin oblique, scalloped, posterior margin convex towards the l)ase ; cell extending two-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at more than one-half before end of tlie cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third at one-third from l)ase of second, and fourth at one-third from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, curved upward and joined by a short spur to the third close to its base ; discocellular bent acutely inward in the middle, radials from upper end and close to lower end ; middle median from angle near end of the cell, lower at one-half before the end ; submedian slightly curved from tlie base : hindwing short, broad, apex almost angular, exterior margin very oblique, scalloped, slightly angular at end of lower median and submedian veins ; cell short, extending to one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slightly concave, almost bent in the middle, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth before the end ; submedian and internal vein recurved. Body large, broad, depressed, thorax densely clothed with adpressed woolly scales, abdomen woolly, in the male the sixth segment with a small dorsal black nude scabrous horny plate ; palpi stout, coarsely squamose, ascending to level of the eyes, third joint short, thick, conical ; antennas stout, simple ; legs stout, densely clothed, all the tibias and tarsi with strong lateral spines, middle and hind tibiae with long stout spurs. {Type, A. polygrapha.) AECTE CSRULEA. Coeytodes cwnilea, Giienee, Noct. iii. p. 41, pi. 13, fig. 10 (1852). Forewing purplish ferruginous-brown, very sparsely speckled with minute blue- grey scales ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique black basal and a subbasal waved line, and an inwardly-oblique angular discal pale-bordered sinuous line ; between the basal and subbasal lines is a confluent broad blackish waved fascia, a paler waved fascia CATEPHIIDyE. 113 also crossing tbe middle area which is also longitudinally clouded with blackish-brown ; beyond the discal line is a broad angular blackish fascia, and a shorter marginal fascia, the two fascia3 divided by a pale lunular line ; a mai^ginal row of black dentate luuules ; orbicular spot black, punctiform, reniform mark pale ferruginous, and black streaked : hindwing purplish blackish-brown, somewhat ashy-grey brown towards the base, with a large pale blue discocellular spot and a small contiguous spot near abdominal margin, a similar coloured broad recurved discal band, and a narrow subanal marginal band. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above reddish-ferruginous ; abdomen ashy-grey brown above; thorax and base of abdomen beneath whitish ; tarsi blackish with pale ferru- ginous bands. Expanse, $ 2|, ? 3|- inches. ARCTE TAPEOBANA (Plate 160, Fig. 1). Forewing dark olivaceous asnescent-brown ; crossed by outwardly-oblique basal and subbasal ferruginous-bordered black sinuous partly confluent bands, with a black costal dot between the first and second ; an outwardly curved discal lunular black line, followed by a contiguous less distinct lunular fascia and a broad shorter marginal fascia, the latter traversed by a row of cupreous-red dentate spots ; a prominent marginal row of black oval spots bordered by cupreous-red ; within the middle area and contiguous to the discal line is a parallel ferruginous-brown lunular fascia ; a small black punctiform orbicular spot, and a short broad black-streaked reniform mark : hindwing senescent -black, ashy greyish-brown towards the base ; traversed by three interrupted anal series of small greyish-blue dentate spots ; cilia towards the apex tipt with white. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above dark ferruginous-brown; palpi beneath, pectus, and legs beneath ferruginous-yellow; tarsi black with pale bands ; abdomen above ashy greyish-brown, tip pale ferruginous ; abdomen beneath blackish \\ith whitish segmental spots. Expanse 2|- inches. Genus CATEPHIA. Catephia, Ocbsenlieimer, Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 94 (1816); Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sdimett. j). 260; Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 43 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1124. Wings moderately broad ; forewing elongated, costa straight, rounded at the apex, exterior margin slightly oblique and convex, scalloped ; cell long, narrow, extending three-fifths the length; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth before the end, trifid, third at one-eighth from base of second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, slightly touching the third near its base ; discocellular bent inward in the middle, radials from upper and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian curved from the base : hindwing short, apex very convex, VOL. III. Q 114 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. exterior margin oblique, scalloped ; cell extending two-fiftlis the length ; two sub- costals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent in the middle, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth ; submedian and internal vein slightly recurved. Body stout, abdomen crested; palpi ascending, rather long, naiTow, laxly squamose, second joint reaching above the eyes, third joint linear, obtuse at the tip, two-thirds the length of second ; antennse very minutely pectinated; legs stout, pilose, spurs stout. Ttj}_ie, C. alchymista. CATEPHIA LINTEOLA (Plate 159, Fig. 1, §). CatepJiia Unteola, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 44 (1852) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1126 (1857). Male : forewing dark ferruginous-brown ; crossed by a black basal, subbasal, and a medial erect duplex zigzag line, a more distinct recurved discal sinuous line, a pale submarginal sinuous fascia, and a distinct marginal line ; a black orbicular dot and reniform spot, the latter enclosed by a black ring ; a black ring-mark also below the reniform ; the transverse area between the discal and subbasal lines and also of the lower outer border suffused with dusky brown : hindwing dusky brown, with a broad white ti-ansverse medial band ending above anal angle ; a small white costal spot, and a slender subanal streak ; cilia bordering the apical spot white. Thoi'ax, head, palpi, and legs dark ferruginous-brown, abdomen dusky brown. Female : forewing with the transverse area between the subbasal and discal lines, and the lower posterior border, blackish ; the basal and apical area also with dai'ker fascia between the lines : hindwing darker than in male. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs blackish, grey speckled ; abdomen also darker, with blackish basal crests. Expanse 25- inches. Genus MELIPOTIS. Melipotis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 260 (1818-25). Ercheia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiii. p. 1107 (1857). Male : forewing elongated, rather broad, costa arched at the end, angular at the apex, exterior margin very oblique, convex, scalloped, posterior margin convex in the middle ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, the third at one-sixth from base of the second, and fourth at two-thirds from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, and slightly touching third near its base ; discocellular inwardly oblique, concave, bent close to each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from close to end of the cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end; submedian deeply curved from the base: hindwing short, broad, apex and exterior margin convex, scalloped; cell extending to two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular outwartUy oblique, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from extended CATEPIIUD/E. 115 end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body stout, abdomen crested at the base; palpi ascending, rather slender, second joint reaching to level of the eyes, laxly squaraose, third joint long, slender, linear, compressed, three-fourths length of the second ; antennae simple ; legs moderately slender, femora pilose beneath, tibife laxly clothed, middle and hind tibia3 with long spurs. Tyi^e, M. Cyllaria. MELIPOTIS CYLLARIA (Plate 157, Fig. 3). Phalana Noctua Cyllaria, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 2.51, fig. c, d (1782), 5. Melipotis Cyllaria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 260 (1818-25). AchcBa Cyllaria, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 249 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xiv. p. 1397. Male and female : forewing ferruginous-brown, sparsely speckled with minute black scales ; with a more or less distinct transverse outwardly-oblique basal and an antemedial black zigzag line, and two discal very convex contiguous lines, the latter sinuous at their lower ends, followed by a pale-bordered submarginal lunular line ; a black streak between the outer veins, the streak most distinct below the apex ; an indistinct small black orbicular spot and a paler lined reniform mark ; some black streaks on the disc, a more or less indistinct violet-brown streak bordering the antemedial line, an angular fascia across the middle, and a costal patch before the apex : hindwing blackish-brown, with three lower discal white spots, and a cinereous- white costal spot, also a very narrow short subapical white band, the cilia opposite the baud and from anal angle also white. Body dark ferruginous-brown ; tegulse black streaked ; palpi and tarsi with blackish bands. Expanse, $ If, ? 1| inch. MELIPOTIS CYLLOTA (Pl.\te 157, Fig. 2, q ). Achaia Cyllota, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 248 (1852). Achwa signivitta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1398 (1858). Male and female. Pale violaceous ochreous-brown ; with an obsolescent trans- verse zigzag duplex line, and a curved discal sinuous duplex line, followed by a pale ochreous sinuous submarginal line; a black punctiform orbicular spot, and an ill- defined brown-lined reniform mark, the latter sometimes being entirely black; a broad lilack interrupted streak from the apex, and a prominent longitudinal blackish- streaked fascia from base of the wing to posterior margin : hindwing blackish-brown, with three lower discal white spots, a narrow white subapical band, the cilia opposite the band and from the anal angle white. Body violaceous ochreous-brown ; palpi and tarsi with dark brown bands. Expanse, S If, 2 2|- inches. Q 2 116 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON. MELIPOTIS DIVERSIPENNIS (Plate 157, Fig. 1). Ercheia divcrsipennis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xii. p. 1108 (1857),?. Melipotis ambidens, Felder et Rogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi. 116, fig. 9 (1874). Male and female: forewing pale violaceous ochreous-brown, sliglitly darker clouded from middle of the costa and at the apex ; the veins very slenderly black lined, and with a slender black streak between the outer veins, the latter streaks beino- most prominent between the subcostal branches, lower medians and submedian, the s°ubmedian streak extending to base of the wing, and the two last being bordered by a lower parallel broader streak, a similar broad streak also extending below the submedian ; across the disc are some faint traces of black zigzag Hues, which are bent inward to the costa from the lower radial, and are most conspicuous at their posterior end ; marginal row of black dots minute : hindwing blackish-brown, cinereous-brown at the base ; with a dark inner bordered augulated discal transverse whitish band, a narrow short white subapical marginal band, and another near the anal angle, the latter with a round contiguous upper spot, the bordering cilia of both being also white. Body violaceous ochreous-brown ; collar, tegula;, and abdominal crests black streaked ; palpi with black bands, fore tibiae with slight black bands. Expanse If to 1| i^ch. MELIPOTIS FUSIFERA. Achcpa fmifera. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xiv. p. 1398 (1858). Male and female : forewing ferruginous-brown, with a broad violet-black anterior band, curving fi^om base of the costa across the disc and upward to the apex ; base of the band crossed by black sinuous hues, and the apex traversed by black streaks ; a pale-bordered punctiform orbicular spot, and indistinct reniform mark ; exterior border with some black speckles and a submarginal pale waved lunular line, posterior border also black speckled and with sinuous streaks near the angle : hindwing blackish-brown, with three lower discal white spots; subapical and anal narrow interciliary band and cilia white. Body dark ferruginous-brown, palpi and legs with blackish bands. Expanse, S 1^'-, 2 2 inches. MELIPOTIS PANNOSA (Plate 157, Fig. 4, $ ). Ercheia pannosa, Moore, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1883, p. 24. Male and female : forewing pale violaceous ochreous-brown ; with a violet-black costal basal triangular patch, and an irregular pale-bordered apical patch, a medial transverse obsolescent slender brown sinuous fascia and a curved discal sinuous line, followed by a whitish submarginal line ; orbicular spot punctiform, black ; reniform mark ochreous-grey and brown lined ; below the latter are some irregular brown CATEFIIIIDyE. 117 streaks : liindwing blackish violet-brown, with three white lower discal spots, sub- apical band and adjoining cilite, and the cilias fi'om anal angle. Body violaceous ochreous-brown ; palpi, and tarsi with blackish bands. Expanse 1| to 2 inches. Genus ANOPHIA. AnoxiMa, Guenee, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. p. 81 (1841) ; Noct. iii. p. 45 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lnp. Het. B. M. xlii. p. 1126 (1857). Catephia (part), Ochsenheimer ; Boisduval ; Duponchel. ^dia (part), Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 260 (1818-25). Male : forewing elongated, costa almost straight, rounded at the apex, exterior margin oblique, slightly scalloped, posterior margin much recurved, very convex and fringed near the base, cilia extending beyond the posterior angle ; cell extending to more than half the length; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, third at one-sixth from base of second, and fourth at one- third from base of third, fifth from end of the cell, curved upward and joined to the third for a short distance near its base ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radials from upper end and near lower end : middle median from angle at end of the cell, lower at one-fourth before the end ; submedian very slightly recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex and exterior margin convex, slightly scalloped; cell extending nearly half the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, obliquely concave, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth before the end ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; thorax and base of abdomen slightly crested, abdomen tufted at apes ; palpi ascending, reaching to level of the vertex ; second joint narrow, laxly squamose beneath, third joint lanceolate, half length of the second ; antennte minutely pectinated; legs stout, femora slightly fringed beneath, tibias clothed with strong hairy scales. {Type, A. leucomelas). ANOPHIA OLIVESCENS. Anophia olivcscens, Guenee, Noct. iii. p. 48, pi. 14, &g. 11 (1852); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xlii. p. 1128 (1857). Forewing olivaceous greyish-black ; crossed by two subbasal and two antemedial greyish-bordered black sinuous outwardly-oblique hues, and two discal inwardly oblique more acutely sinuous lines, the outward line of each being the most dis- tinct ; beyond is an outer discal broader line, a more distinct submarginal denticulated line, and a marginal lunular line ; orbicular mark composed of a black ring, and reniform of a black ring with purplish-white centre, the reniform encompassed in a 118 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. large more or less prominent purplisli--wliite brown-speckled triangular costal patch ; below the orbicular is also a black ringlet mark : hindwing white, with a broad blackish outer band bordered by a narrow white subapical and subanal spot ; the ciha border- ing the spots being also white. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs olivaceous greyish- black; abdomen cinereous-brown, dorsal tufts blackish in male, ferruginous in female ; anal tuft blackish ; tarsi with black and pale bands. Expanse lA to Itu inch, ANOPHIA DIPHTEEOIBES (Plate 159, Fig. 6,9). Male and female : forewing dull olive-grey ; crossed by two basal sinuous incom- plete black Hues, an entire antemedial line, two discal and a submarginal denticulated line, followed by a marginal dentated lunular line ; an oval black orbicular ringlet mark, and an irregular- shaped reniform mark, the reniform mark being continued upward to the costa, and the orbicular joined beneath to a larger black ring mark : from the lower riuglet a short blackish streak extends to the discal line; all the markings edged with white speckles, and the costal end of the markings dilated and almost confluent ; cilia alternated with greyish-black and white : hindwing with white basal medial area; the costal border and broad outer band black; ciha below the apex, before anal angle, and on abdominal margin also white. Thorax, head, and palpi olivaceous greyish- white ; collar and teguliB black streaked ; palpi with black bands ; legs with black bands, abdomen greyish-brown, tip blackish. Expanse lyV to IfV inch. Genus MOSARA. Mosara, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het, B. M. v. p. 1032 (1855). Male : forewing rather short and broad ; costa slightly arched at the base, apex not acute, exterior margin shghtly obhque, very convex hindward and at the angle, posterior margin very convex at the base ; cell extending to half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly one-half before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, third at one-fifth from base of the second and fourth at one-third from base of the third, fifth from end of the cell and slightly touching the third near its base ; disco- cellular concave, radials from upper end and near lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of the cell, lower at one-third ; submedian much recurved : hind- wing short, rounded externally, distorted, folded longitudinally in a recurved line from the Ijase to exterior margin ; the costa beneath with a subbasal tuft of raised scales, and with a band of raised scales extending from middle of the costa obliquely across the disc to exterior margin above the fold ; cell extending to one-third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular very slender, outwardly oblique, radial from near lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower CATEPIIIIDyE. 119 at one-tliird ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; palpi stout, ascending, coarsely squamose, second joint reaching level o£ the eyes, third joint one-third its length, elongate-conical ; antennfe broadly bipectinatcd to near the tip ; legs rather stout, pilose, spurs long. Female. Wing of normal shape ; veins as in male ; antennjB setose. MOSARA APICALIS (Plate 159, Fig. 3, 3a, c? ?). Mosara apicalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. v. p. 1032 (185.5), J*. Anopliia lateralis, Walker, id. xxxiii. p. 917 (1865), $. Male : forewiug violet greyish-brown, crossed by an indistinct subbasal and an antemedial outwardly-oblique undulated blackish line, two inwardly-oblique discal sinuous lines, followed by a contiguous prominent angular purplish-grey line, and a similar but more irregular line, the two last lines having intervening black spots at the costal end and in the middle ; orbicular and reniform marks very indistinct ; a short black longitudinal streak above base of submedian ; the area immediately bordei'ing the discal pale line, and also that of the antemedial line below the cell, is of a darker shade : hindwiug pale violaceous cinereous-brown, and whitish-cinereous towards the lower base. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs violet-brown ; tarsi with black bands ; abdomen violaceous cinereous-brown. Female : forewing of the same colour and markings as in male, the fascia bordering the antemedial line below the cell, and of the discal line being more prominently defined : hindwing violaceous cinereous-brown, with the lower basal area cinereous-white. Expanse, c? Iro, ? Ithj inch. Genus VAPARA. ra2)ara, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 163 (1882). Forewing comparatively broad, exterior margin even, posterior margin convex in the middle ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second bifid, emitted at one-fifth ; fourth also bifid, emitted from end of the cell, curving upward and touching third near its base, the fifth being thrown off above end of the cell and just below the point of juncture ; discocellular shghtly oblique and convex, upper radial from end of the cell in a line with subcostal, lower radial and upper median from slight angles above end of the cell, middle median close to its end, lower at one-third before the end; submedian slightly curved: hindwing short, broad; costal vein straight; two subcostals from end of the cell; discocellular slightly oblique and convex, radial from near its lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-third before the end ; submedian and internal vein nearly straight. Body moderate, abdomen of male extending beyond hindwing, anal 120 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. appendages tufted ; tibifB compactly pilose ; palpi porrect, laxly squamose, stouter and shorter than in Eryrjia ; antennse minutely pectinate in male. Allied to Erygia. Tyj)e, V. fasciata. VAPARA INDISTINCTA (Plate 159, Fig. 7, 5). VujKira iiulistincta, Moore, Desc. Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 163 (1882). Forewing brownish-ochreous, with two indistinct transverse basal, two medial, and two discal slender dusky brown sinuose-lunular bands, and a marginal row of points; a dusky brown orbicular dot and pale centred reniform mark of dusky brown dots : hindwing pale ochreous-brown. Body brownish-ochreous, front of thorax and bands on forelegs ochreous-brown. Expanse, 7a $). Hypena imritalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 65 (1858). Male. Forewing ohvescent ochreous-brown, indistinctly flecked with short F f 2 220 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. transverse browu-speckled striga3 ; a slender ochreous-wlaite band extending along the costal border ; a transverse postmedial inwardly-oblique brown line with pale outer border, beyond which is a submarginal series of white-centred brown dentate spots ; a small white spot at upper and lower end of the cell : hindwing pale purplish cinereous-brown, the outer border being slightly ochreous. Cilia brown, alternated with ochreous spots. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs olivescent ochreous-brown ; abdomen purplish cinereous-brown, the tip ochreous. Female. Forewing olivescent brownish-ochreous ; speckled with brown ; the transverse postmedial line and submarginal spots as in male : hindwing and abdomen paler purpHsh cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi and forelegs brighter brownish ochreous ; palpi brown beneath. Expanse, c? lA, ? lA inch. Genus DICHROMIA. Dichromia, Gueaee, DeltoMes et Pyral. p. 18 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 13. Calymma (part), Hiibuei-, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 281. Forewing rather stout, moderately broad, elongated, exterior margin convex, shghtly oblique ; cell narrow, extending beyond half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fourths before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, fifth from end and slightly touching third at some distance from the base ; discocellular concave in middle, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-eighth, lower at one-half ; submedian slightly recurved : hindwing short, broad, apex rounded, exterior margin oblique, slightly convex ; cell extending to half the length ; two subcostals fi-om end of the cell; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly one- half ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; thorax laxly squamous ; frontal tuft pilose ; palpi porrect, long, broad, laxly squamous, compressed, second joint of equal breadth throughout, extending far beyond the head, third joint nearly half length of second, broad, terminated by an acute tip ; antennas with minute equal cihaj and fine lashes in the male ; legs stout, tibiae villose in male, spurs long. Type, D. orosialis. DICHROMIA OROSIA (Plate 176, Fig. \ S , \a larva). Plialirna Noctua Orosia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 149, pi. 275, fig. D (1782). Calymma Orosia, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 281. Dichromia orosialis, Guenee, Dt4t. et Pyr. p. 18; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 14. Forewing purpUsh-cinereous, speckled with black scales ; with a broad short blackish-brown medial costal triangular band: hindwing ochreous-yellow, with a broad blackish-brown marginal band, which tapers hindward, but does not reach HYPENIBM. 221 the anal angle. Thorax, head, fore and middle legs purplish-cinereous, black scaled ; palpi black, shghtly speckled with cinereous scales ; hindlegs ochreous-yellow. Expanse 1t% to \t^ inch. Larva elongated ; with 16 legs ; pale green ; head and hind part of the segments yellowish ; with several rows of small black raised spots ; head also with black spots ; anterior legs black ; middle and hindlegs olivaceous. Pupa thickish, reddish, with black bands. DICHROMIA PTJLLATA (Plate 176, Fig. 4). Forewing umber-brown, sparsely black speckled at the base ; with a broad medial transverse quadrate patch of blackish brown extending to the submedian vein, the patch containing one wbite dot within the cell in the male, and two in the female ; the inner border of the patch is outwardly curved, and the outer border margined by a wavy black line, which is continued to the posterior margin ; outer area of the wing thickly speckled with greyish-white scales, which are most densely packed along the border of the patch, at the apex, and bordering the marginal row of black dentate spots ; below the apex is a curved blackish-brown streak, above which are two black spots with white tips, the lower outer area also being traversed by two rows of blackish lunules with greyish- white borders : hindwing dusky brown, with the lower discal area white. Body, palpi, and legs dusky brown. Expanse \-h to liij inch. Genus BOMOLOCHA. Bomolocha, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 343 (1825-7) ; Stephens, Illust. Brit. Ent. Haust. iv. App. p. 416 (1835) ; Lederer, Noct. Eur. p. 214. Differs from typical Hypena (H. rostralis). Forewing comparatively shorter, broader, and more triangular in shape ; scales on orbicular and reniform marks not raised ; first subcostal emitted at one-third before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, fifth from end and joined to third for a short distance near its base ; middle median at one-tentb, lower at two-fifths : hindwing not so broad as in H. rostralis, the exterior margin being more regularly convex ; cell nearly half the length, of moderate breath ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; two upper medians also from end of the cell. Thorax more robust, laxly clothed; abdomen with dorsal crests; head smaller ; head and frontal tuft laxly clothed ; palpi smaller, less robust, narrower, clothed with longer, slender, and more laxly disposed hairy scales ; apical joint horizontal ; femora fringed beneath ; tibise compactly pilose ; antenna stouter, setose. Type, B. crassalis. BOMOLOCHA VESTITA (Plate 176, Fig. 10). Hypena rkombalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hat. B. M. xvi. p. 56 (1858) nee Guenee. Forewing purplish-ferruginous, with a large ferruginous-black patch occupying 222 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. tlie upper basal two-tliirds of the wing, the patch bordered by a slender white outer line ; the outer border of the patch with a rounded projecting angle in the middle of the disc, the lower border ascending obhquely upwards to near base of the cell ; across the disc is a submarginal series of indistinct black points with white speckled tips, and a subapical curved dentated black streak : hindwing and abdomen ferruginous- brown ; tarsi with pale bands. Expanse IfV inch. Genus HYPENA. Hijpena, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii.2, p. 163 (1802); Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sehmett, p. 345 ; Treitscbke, Sehmett, Eur. vi. 2, p. 311. Forewing rather short, somewhat narrow ; costa arched from the base, apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique and almost angular in the middle ; orbicular and reniform spot composed of a small patch of raised scales ; cell narrow, extending nearly two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fourth, trifid, third from below second immediately above end of cell, fourth at more than half beyond base of third, fifth from end of cell and slightly touching third near its base; discocellular sUghtly concave in middle, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median from about one-twelfth, lower at one-third; submedian recurved: hindwing very broad, apex somewhat produced, exterior margin convex below the middle ; cell very broad, extending half the length ; costal and subcostal joined together to one-third length of the cell ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular slender, radial from below its middle ; two upper medians on a footstalk at one-sixth beyond end of the cell, lower about one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight. Body moderately stout ; frontal tuft projecting beyond the head ; palpi porrect, laxly clothed with strong coarse long scales, com- pressed, second joint extending its entire length beyond the head, third joint ascending, broad, one-fifth the length of second, pointed at the tip ; a dorsal tuft at base of abdomen ; antennas minutely pectinated, with short slender lashes in male ; setose in female ; legs moderately slender, compactly clothed, spurs long. Type, H. rostralis. HYPENA MOLPUSALIS. Ilrjpena Molpusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 844 (1859). Hypena aubapicalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1137 (1865). Ilypcna sparsalis, Walker, id. p. 1511. Purplish greyish-brown : forewing blackish speckled ; crossed by an irregular zigzag antemedial black speckled duplex line, and a postmedial line, the latter angulated outward beyond the cell and on the lower median vein ; both lines with cinereous speckled border ; a submarginal whitish speckled denticulated Hue, and a HYPENID^. 223 marginal row of whitish bordered black lunules ; orbicular and reniform mark puncti- form, black : hindwing paler, with a blackish marginal line. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs purplish greyish-brown; abdomen and tarsi with pale cinereous bands. Expanse 1 inch. HYPENA JOCOSALIS. Hypena jocosalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 57 (1858) Forewing purplish cinereous-brown, speckled with darker brown scales ; with a dark brown longitudinal fascia extending from base below the cell, widening across the disc, and curving upward to below the apes, the fascia crossed by an antemedial zigzag purpHsh-cinereous duplex line, and an inwardly oblique, postmedial interlined purplish-cinereous band, beyond which is a lower submarginal cinereous line; two dentate black subapical spots, and a marginal blackish line ; a black orbicular dot and a pale reniform streak : hindwing and abdomen pale brown, with a blackish marginal line. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs purplish-cinereous, brown speckled. Expanse ItV inch. HYPENA COLOMBANA (Plate 176, Fig. 8). Male. Purplish greyish-brown : forewing crossed by an antemedial pale bordered black line, which is acutely bent outward at the median vein, the upper end of the line indistinct ; an inwardly oblique slightly waved discal black line with a parallel pale outer bordered line ; lower half of the area between the lines dark brown ; three submarginal waved brownish fascite, which are dilated into a curved subapical dark brown streak, above which are two white tipt black spots ; marginal lunular line black : hindwing, and abdomen paler purplish greyish-brown. Expanse 1^ inch. Near to H. jocosalis. HYPENA BIANGULATA (Plate 176, Fig. 9). Male. Purplish-brown : forewing crossed by an inwardly-oblique white-bordered black antemedial line ending on the median vein ; a discal inwardly-oblique pale bordered black line, which is convexly angulated at end of the cell and above the submedian ; the interspace between the lines dark brown, this colour being most intense immediately below the cell ; a black dot in middle of the cell, and a slight reddish lunule at its end ; at the apex are two white-tipt black spots, below which is a subapical curved dark brown pale-bordered streak, ending in two lower brown waved submarginal fasciae ; marginal luuular line brown : hindwing and abdomen paler purplish-brown. Expanse Itu inch. Nearest to H. gonospilalis. 224 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON. HYPENA L-ffiSALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 10). Hypena lasalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 62 (1858). Purplish cinereous-brown : forewings with the basal area to the postmedial line dark brown, with iridescent green tints in some lights ; antemedial line indistinct, undulated ; postmedial line inwardly oblique, straight, black, whitish bordered exter- nally ; a recurved subapical slender white streak bordered beneath with dark brown ; apical black spots dentate and white tipt ; marginal pointed line with white tips ; basal and middle cell spot black : hindwing, and body cinereous-brown. Expanse -nr inch. " Colombo, January " (Machvood). HYPENA COGNATA (Plate 175, Fig. 8). Allied to H. kesalis. Dififers on the forewing in the postmedial white-bordered line being erect and bent outward at the end of the cell and at the lower median vein ; the outer area of the wing is also paler and of a greyer tint of colour ; the subapical white streak is deeply concave below the black dentate spots ; the dark- brown colour bordering the lower side of the subapical streak does not extend down the submarginal area. Expanse A inch. HYPENA LACERATALIS (Plate 176, Fig. 5 ^,5a ? ). Hypena laceratalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 60 (1858) j . Hypena complalis, Walker, MS. Coll. B. M. g. Male. Forewing dark brown, speckled with greyish-white and black scales ; crossed by an antemedial black angulated line, and a more distinct postmedial line, the latter bordered externally by greyish-white scales ; a curved greyish-white speckled streak from the apex, above which are two white bordered black dentate spots ; some costal white dots also before the apex ; a blackish lunular marginal line with white inner border ; the lower submarginal area traversed by greyish-white scaled sinuous fascia ; a black spot at base of the cell and another spot in its middle : hindwing, and abdomen dark brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs speckled with greyish-white scales ; tarsi with pale bands. Female. Forewing of an ochreous-brown tint, sparsely speckled with black and grey scales, the basal area obliquely paler ochreous, and crossed by the brown speckled antemedial angulated line, the upper medial area being dark brown ; postmedial line and markings on outer border more prominent than in male, and the cell spots more distinct. Expanse, c? 1^, ? t% to 1 t^^ inch. UYTENIDJE. 225 HYPINA LABATALIS (Plate 176, Fig. 6). ITypnm hhatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 66 (1858). Cinereous-brown : forewing sliglitly speckled witli black, and witli a slight purplish tinge ; posterior border broadly pale brownish-ochreous, the medial area from the costal to submedian vein occupied by a broad oblique quadrate blackish - bordered dark brown band ; a prominent curved whitish streak from the apex, above which are white-bordered black spots ; cell spots black ; marginal lunules blackish, pale bordered : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, and palpi dark browu. Expanse tV inch. HYPENA QU.a:SITALIS. Hi/pena qutvsifalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 58 (1858). Forewing dark ferruginous-brown, the basal area speckled with metallic green scales ; crossed by an outwardly-oblique antemedial white-bordered black line, which ends on the submedian vein ; an erect undulated postmedial white-bordered black line, which is outwardly bordered by diffused wavy lilacine fasciee ; followed by a sub- marginal pale line, which is denticulated with white at its costal end, and outwardly bordered below the apex with white speckles ; marginal line brown, bordered with white : hindwing paler brown, with a dark brown marginal line, which has a short white inner streak on its middle ; cilia pale below the apex and before the anal angle. Thorax, head, and palpi dark ferruginous-brown ; tarsi with pale bands ; abdominal crests very dai'k brown. Expanse Iro inch. HYPENA ICOHICALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 9). Hypma iconicalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 61 (1858). Dark purplish ferruginous-brown, with an opaline hue in some lights ; the basal half darkest coloured in the male, the division being defined by a more or less distinct whitish-speckled line, which is almost straight and erect ; also crossed by an indistinct antemedial browu augulated line ; a small black spot at base of the cell, and in the male another spot in middle of the cell, the latter being outwardly tipt with white ; outer half of the wing sparsely black scaled ; with a submarginal series of white-tipt black dentate spots ; some white jjoints on the costa before the apex : hindwing duller coloured ; marginal line dark brown. Thorax dark fei'ruginous-brown, opalescent ; head and palpi hoary. Expanse 1 to 1|- inch. HYPENA MANDATALIS. Hypena manthxtalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 58 (185S). Forewing pale purplish greyish-brown, glossy, speckled with dark brown scales ; basal half dark purplish-brown, the division across the middle being by a slender VOL. III. G g 226 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. biano-ulated white line ; a transverse pale antemedial line, which is bent inward from the subcostal, and is suffusedly bordered on its lower outer side by olive-green ; a submaro-inal row of dark brown points with white tips, and a dark brown speckled streak below the apex ; a marginal row of minute black points ; a white-tipt black orbicular spot, and a black lunate reniform mark: hindwing and abdomen pale brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs, and dorsal tufts on abdomen, dark purplish-brown ; tarsi with pale bands. Expanse 1 inch. HYPENA LIGNEALIS. Ili/pcna liijncalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1138 (1865). Forewing brownish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with brown ; crossed by a short outwardly-oblique antemedial pale streak, and an inwardly-oblique postmedial streak; the basal, medial, and subapical area speckled with dark bro-wu ; a black orbicular spot ; marginal points black : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi, and forelegs brownish-ochreous. Expanse ItV inch. HYPENA SURREPTALIS. Hypena stmrptaJis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 84 (1858). " Female. Cinereous : forewings subfalcate, moderately broad, speckled with black ; interior line very indistinct ; exterior line brown, straight, oblique, broad, with a pale outer border ; submarginal line indistinct, shortened in front by a deep black almost-divided subapical streak, in front of which is a little whitish line ; mardnal lunules black : orbicular mark formino- a brown dot : hindwings without markings. Thorax speckled with black. Abdomen and hindwings somewhat paler. " Expanse 12 lines." Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. HYPENA DETERSALIS. Hypena detcrsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 232 (1858). " Male. Testaceous-cinereous : wings partly and slightly tinged with fawn colour; lines pale, partly bordered with brown; interior line straight, obhque ; exterior hne vmdulating; submarginal line denticulated, accompanied by some black points ; marginal points black. Forewing with a large pale-bordered reniform mark. Palpi with a black band near the tip. " Expanse 7 lines." Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard. HYPENA INEFFECTALIS. Hypena ineffecfalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvi. p. 85 (1858). Brownish-cinereous : forewing subfalcate ; transverse lines brown, denticulated, KYPENIB.Tl. 227 indistinct; orbicular mark black, pnnctiform ; marginal lunules brown: hindwing with a brownish band and a discal mark. Expanse tV inch. HYPENA STIPATA. Kunafjuna stipatn, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. !M. xxvii. p. 8.5 (1863). Cinereous-brown : forewing partly pale cinereous, thinly black speckled ; with an outwardly-oblique antemedial interlined brown streak from the costa to below end of the cell, which is traversed by two longitudinal pale fawn-coloured parallel lines, which extend from the base to the disc, and are there bent forward, the inner line bordering the outer side of a triangular black mark at end of tiie cell; a sub- marginal series of cinereous-bordered blackish points, and a marginal row of lunules : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Tarsi with brown bands. Expanse i^ inch. Genus MARAPANA. Forewing elongated, rather broad ; apex acute, exterior margin slightly oblique and convex ; cell extending half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end and joined by a short spur to third at its base ; discocellular concave in the middle, bent near each end, radials from the angles ; middle median at one-ninth, lower at one-third ; submedian curved at the base : hindwing rather long and narrow, quadrate ; exterior margin oblique, abruptly angled at lower median ; abdominal margin very short ; cell extend- ing two-fifths the length ; two subcostals from end of cell ; discocellular outwardly oblique, radial from below the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian and internal vein straight, very short. Body moderately stout, smooth ; palpi porrect, much longer than the thorax, compressed, clothed with long coarse spatular hairy scales above, the scales longest at the base, compactly scaled beneath; third joint ascending, one-third length of the second, clothed with similar coarse spatular hairy scales above and beneath, and pointed at the tip ; antennae slender, with fine short lashes ; legs long, slender, squamous, spurs slender, fore tibia3 swollen, j^ilose beneath. Type, M. raralis. MARAPANA RAKALIS. Hypena raralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 65 (18.58). Pale ochreous-red : both wings minutely speckled with black scales ; with an inwardly-oblique transverse discal straight brown line, which is pale bordered on its inner side; a submarginal zigzag pale fascia formed by the absence of the black scales ; a marginal row of black dots ; a black dot also in middle of the cell in fore- wing. Thorax, head, and abdomen not speckled with black scales ; palpi dark G g 2 228 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. brown, speckled with red scales ; femora and tibiae reddish ; fore and middle tarsi dark brown. Expanse IfV inch. MARAPANA INCONGRUALIS (Plate 177, Fig. 5). Hypena incongrualls, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 232 (1858). Forewing dull yellowish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with minute red scales ; crossed by an antemedial, medial, and a postmedial denticulated red-speckled line, each ending on the costa in a short black streak ; a submarginal and marginal row of distinct black points ; cilia also slightly spotted with black and red scales ; a blackish dot at base of the cell, and two larger spots at end of the cell : hindwing dusky brown, speckled with ochreous at the base ; a short subaual streak, and the outer border and cilia ochreous, with some marginal black points along the middle. Body, palpi, and legs yellowish-ochreous; abdomen speckled with dusky brown scales above ; legs with reddish-brown scales ; tarsi blackish above and with pale bands. Expanse 1 inch. Genus OPHIUCHE. Ophiuche, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 344 (1825-27). Wings short : forewing triangular ; apex almost subfalcate ; cell narrow, ex- tending nearly three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second at one-fifth, trifid, fifth from end and slightly toiiching third near its base; discocellular very slender, bent near the ends, radials from the angles; middle median at one-ninth before end of cell, lower at four-ninths ; submedian curved : hindwing rather broad, exterior margin convex ; cell fully half the length ; two sul)costals from end of cell; discocellular ontwardly oblique, bent below the middle, radial from the angle; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one- third. Body moderately slender ; abdomen keeled above ; head very pilose in front ; palpi porrect, compressed, laxly squamose, projecting three-fourths beyond the head, of nearly equal breadth throughout ; third joint one-third length of second, obliquely ascending, acutely pointed at tip ; antennte crenulated, finely bipectinated to tip ; legs slender, tibias laxly squamose, spurs long. Type, 0. lividalis. OPHIUCHE CONSCITALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 4). Hypena conscitalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1509 (1865). Hypena perna, FelJer et Eogenh. Nov. Voy. Lep. iv. pi 120, fig. 8 (1874). Forewing purplish-cinereous, with the basal area below the subcostal vein obliquely across the disc to the costa before the apex brownish-ochreous, the sub- costal edge of which is defined by a whitish line and two equidistant black dots, the 7/ YPENID.E. 229 oblique discal edge being defined bj a slightly curved white-bordered black line ; outer border of the wing traversed by two whitish-speckled luuular fascife, the outer fascia with indistinct black-speckled points ; marginal and intercilial line brown : hindwing duller brownish-cinereous ; cilia cinereous-white. Body brownish-cinereous; palpi hoary. Expanse yv to 1 inch. OPHIUCHE MISTACALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 6, 9 ). Hciininia mistacalis, Giicuee, Deltoides et Pyralites, p. 60 (1854). Hypena pactalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvi. p. 64 (1858). Forewing pale cinereous, speckled with brown; crossed hj four equidistant, outwardly-oblique, indistinct, pale-bordered brown lines, the three inner lines slightly bent inward at the costal ends, the outer line straight, diffused, extending to apical angle, and bordered on its outside by a parallel slender brown line : hindwing and body pale cinereous-brown ; marginal line dusky brown. Thorax and palpi speckled with cinereous. Expanse to to tu inch. OPHIUCHE OBACERALIS (Plate 175, Fig. 5, ^J). Hypena obaceralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het B. M. xvi. p. 53 (1858). 1 Hypena obliqualis, KoUar, Hugels Kaschmir, iv. p. 491 (1844). Cinereous-brown : forewing indistinctly flecked with minute darker brown strigte ; crossed by a slender brown angulated erect antemedial line, and a whitish-bordered brown inwardly- oblique almost straight discal line ; a black orbicular spot ; a few white-bordered black scales linearly disposed below the cell, and a more or less defined submarginal macular series of black and white scales : hindwing, body, and palpi duller cinereous-brown ; tarsi with pale bands. Expanse, . 668, ^J. Pale purphsh cinereous-brown : forewing crossed by a slender indistinct brown curved discal line, and a marginal line ; a slight punctiform spot in middle of the cell and a lunule at tlie eud : hindwing with a slender indistinct brown discal line, a marginal line, and a lunule at eud of the cell. Cilia whitish, with a brown inner line. Palpi brown above, white beneath ; legs cinereous-brown. Expanse tV inch. Genus ^THOLIX. yEtholix, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Jlonat. vii. p. 437 (1863). uEdiodes (part),Gueuee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 191 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 347 (1859). ForeTviug moderately long, triangular ; costa arched towards the end, exterior margin convex in the middle ; cell half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one- fourth before end of the cell, second free, third, bifid, fifth from end and curved upward ; discocellular slightly concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median from angle at end of cell, lower at one-fourth : hindwing short ; exterior maroiu very oblique, convex in the middle ; cell broad, one-third the length ; subcostals from end ; discocellular outwardly obhque, radial from lower eud ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth. Body moderately stout ; labial palpi ascending, curved, reaching the vertex, laxly squamous, third joint small, conical ; maxillary palpi short, slender ; antennee of male with very fine short cilia? j legs rather long, smooth ; fore tibite short, dilated, squamous; spurs moderately stout, unequal. Type, M. flaviljasalls. .ffiTHOLIX FLAVIBASALIS. ^diodes flavihasalis, Gueiiee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 193 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 347 (1859). jEthoUx flavihasalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 437, pi. 17, fig. 6 (1863). Forewing with a pale yellow basal band, which is ochreous spotted and has a black border; a broad purphsh cupreous-brown medial and outer band; between the two latter bands is a black denticulated-bordered undulated semidiaphanous white band, which is very narrow below the median vein : hindwing with a black- bordered pale yellow orchreous-spotted basal band, a broad semidiaphanous white medial baad, and a black wavy-bordered purplish cupreous-brown band. Head, 288 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. thorax, and abdomen pale yellow, with ochreous spots ; abdomen brown speckled, with slender black segmental bands, and a dark subterminal brown band in the male ; palpi bi-owu ; legs cinereous-brown, with blackish bands. Expanse tt; to yo inch. Genus AGROTERA. Agrotera, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 163 (1802); Ilubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 348 (1825-7); Giieuee, Delt. et Pyralites, p. 217 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 386; Lederer, Pyral. Wieu. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 147 (1863). Forewing rather long, triangular, subfalcate, exterior margin convex in the middle ; cell two-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth before end of cell, second at one-sixth, trifid, fifth from end of the cell ; discocellular concave, radials fi'om the ends ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fifth : hindwing short, triangular, exterior margin vexy oblique, slightly convex ; cell one- third the length ; two subcostals from end of the cell ; discocellular bent outward in the middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth. Body slender ; abdomen of male long, extending half beyond hind- wings, slightly tufted on each side; palpi vertical, squamous, reaching level of eyes, second and third joints distinctly separated, second joint truncated, third joint also truncate in front ; antenna submoniliform, minutely pubescent ; legs slender, bare, rather long, spurs very slender. Type, A. nemoralis. AGROTERA EFFERTALIS. ^diodes effertalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 348 (1859), S- Agrotera effertalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 440. Base of wings broadly yellowish-white, bordered by a transverse black undulated line, the outer area glossy purplish-brown, across w^hich is a very indistinct blackish irregularly-undulated submargiual line : forewing with a few orange-yellow streaks at the base, above which is a brown costal spot ; a partly black-bordered ochreous spot at end of the cell. Cilia of forewing alternately purple-brown and white, of hindwing white at the anal angle. Body yellowish-white ; thorax and base of abdomen with orange-yellow bands ; tip of abdomen purple-brown ; palpi, fore tibice, and bands on fore tarsi brown ; middle and hindlegs white. Expanse nj to iir inch. Genus LEUCINODES. Leucinodes, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 221 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 392 (1859); Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 440 (1863). Male. Forewing elongated, subfalcate ; exterior margin slightly convex and undulated ; cell two-thirds the length ; first subcostal emitted about one-sixth before end of the cell, second and third contiguous at their base, third bifid, fifth from end PYRALIDJE. 280 of tlie cell ; discocellular sliglitl}- concave, radialsfrora near tbe ends ; i.addle median close to end of cell, lo-n^er at one-tbird ; siibmedian straight : hindwing rather narrow, exterior margin convex in the middle; cell about half the length; subcostals from the end, npper partly joined to the costal ; discocellular obliquely concave, ridial from close to lower end ; middle median near the end, lower at nearly half. Body moderately slender, abdomen keeled above ; labial palpi rather long, obliquely ascending, pilose beneath, third joint lanceolate, half length of the second ; maxillary palpi not visible ; antiennse minutely pectinated ; legs slender, smooth, moderately long, with unequal spurs. LETJCIN0DE3 ORBONALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 9). Leucinodes orhonalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 223 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xvii. p. 39.3 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Mon. vii. p. 440. Opalescent-white : forewing with a reddish-ochreous basal band, a medial irregular-shaped band, and a short apical band ; the basal and medial band bordered externally by a parallel slight black-speckled line, and the apical band by an inner thicker black line ; npper part of the middle is more or less obsolescent ; between the inner bands is a pale ochreous costal patch, and a similar-coloured fascia across the discal area : hindwing with a slender black-speckled discal irregular-waved line, a pale ochreous outer fascia, a black spot at end of cell and one above anal angle. Both wings also with a marginal row of black dots, of which the apical and middle dot is somewhat the largest. Body speckled with ochreous-brown ; abdomen whitish at the base ; palpi and legs white ; bands on palpi and forelegs ochreous-brown. Expanse -h to to inch, LEUCINODES OPALINA (Plate 179, Fig. 10). Opalescent -white : forewing with some ochreous-brown speckles at the base. Both wings with a very slender ochreous-brown undulated outer discal line, the line slightly bordered externally with pale yellow, and followed by a brown-speckled sub- marginal sinuous band, the lower end of the band on both wings being very slender, the marginal border apically and the cilice also pale yellow ; a black spot at end of each cell, and some slightly yellow streaks on the disc. Bands on palpi, a narrow collar on thorax, and fore tibiaj ochreous-brown. Expanse, c? t^, ? tV inch. Genus REHIMENA. RehSmena, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx.'civ. p. 1492 (186.5). Forewing elongate, rather broad, exterior margin oblique, slightly convex ; cell narrow, fully half the length ; first subcostal at one-sixth before end of the cell, second and third from angle close to end, third bifid, fifth from end ; discocellular concave, VOL. m. P p 290 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. radials from near eacla end ; middle median close to end, lower about one-fourtli ; submedian extending upward along base of median for a short distance and thence recurvino- to its ordinary position, the curved area enclosing a naked vitriouSy oval space; with a slender lower branch extending to nearly half its length: hindwing triano-ular apex convex: cell one-third the length ; subcostals from end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from extreme lower end ; two upper medians from extended end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body slender ; tegulte with long broad scales ; labial palpi curved upward, reaching level of vertex, squamous in front, third joint short, elongate, conical, pointed ; maxillary palpi slender ; legs slender, smooth, fore and middle tibi^ squamous ; spurs long, slender, unequal. Antennas slender, setaceous. EEHIMENA PHRYNEALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 5). Botys Plin/neaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviil. p. 630 (1859). Eehimcna dichromalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1492 (1865). Purplish-cinereous : forewing crossed by a broad medial brown-bordered yellow band, the inner border of which is curved, the outer border sinuous and connected by an intermediate costal yellow streak to a short preapical yellow band ; cilia alternated with yellow, and with a yellow inner line : hindwing pale purplish-cinereous ; cilia cinereous anteriorly, yellowish posterioi'ly. Body purplish-cinereous; sides of thorax, head, palpi, and streak on forelegs ochreous ; legs white. Expanse, ^ ? il to 44 inch. REHIMEKA SUBJUHCTALI3 (Plate 181, Fig. 6). Botys stihjuiictalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1404 (1865). Purplish cinereous-brown : forewing with a yellow streak at base of the costa, a constricted spot from middle of the costa, and a slender costal streak beyond, followed by a constricted streak before the apex. Cilia edged with white. Legs whitish; fore and middle tibiee with a brown band. Expanse 1 inch. EEHIME]!fA(?) INCISALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 1). Boiys in(s)c;sa!is. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1410 (1865). Forewing bluish purple-brown, iridescent ; with a golden-yellow dentate costal and oblique exterior marginal band : hindwing pale dull golden-yellow, the outer border tinged with purple-brown. Cilia yellow. Thorax and head bluish purple- brown ; abdomen dull golden-yelloAV ; palpi, fore, and middle legs above, golden yellow; body and fore and middle legs beneath, and hiud legs entirely white. Expanse 1 to If inch. PYBALIDuE. 291 EEHIMENA(?) PHYCIDALIS. Botys Phycidalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xviii. p. C75 (1859). " Male. Cinereous-browu. Wings with a purplish tinge, except towards the base, and with a rather broad yellow black-bordered middle band ; submarginal line and marginal points black : forewings with a lai'ge luteous costal subapical patch." " Expanse 8 lines." Hob. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. Genus COPTO BASIS. Coptohasis, Lederer, Tyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 429 (1863). Male. Forewing somewhat long, rather broad, costa arched towards the end, apex pointed, exterior margin very slightly oblique and convex ; cell half the length; first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, second free, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave, radials from near middle and lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at one-sixth ; submedian waved near the base, with a very slender short recurved lower branch: hindwing broad, triangular, apex obtuse, exterior margin convex; cell one- third ihe length ; subcostals from the end, first partly joined to tlie costal; disco- cellular deeply concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at one-fourth. Body moderately slender; abdomen attenuated at the apes ; tegulee clothed with broad rather long spatnlar scales ; labial palpi nearly vertical, second joint extending above the vertex, laxly squamous, broad laterally, truncate at the end, third joint very short, slender; maxillary ^Dalpi erect, slender; antennge slender, setaceous ; legs moderately long, smooth, spurs long, slender, unequal in length. Type, C. opisalis. COPTOBASIS LUNALIS. Boti/s lunalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 3-52 (1854). Boii/s Thyasalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 734 (1859); id. xix. p. 1O07. Coptobasis Th//asalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 429. Purple-brown, paler and somewhat genesceut-brown on some specimens, iri- descent : forewing crossed by an indistinct slightly pale-bordered blackish outwardly- curved antemedial line, and an irregular postmedial line, the latter bent inward below end of the cell ; a white lunate spot at end of the cell, and a small punctiform spot in the middle : hindwing with a similar irregular discal line, which is bent inward to a slight black streak at end of the cell. Cilia of hindwing edged with cinereous-white. Abdomen with slender white bands on anal segments ; base of palpi, body beneath, and legs white ; forelegs slightly ochreous above ; fore femora and tibije with p p 2 292 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. l)lack terminal band; middle and liind tibite longitudinally streaked with black above. Expanse, i ItV, ? Ittt iacb. COPTOBASIS ABDUCTALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 7). Botys ahduclalis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. 669 (1859). Botys luminalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eat. Mouat. vii. pp. 430, 482, pi. 16, fig. 10 (1863). Purple-brown, iridescent : forewing crossed by a very indistinct pale-bordered blackish antemedial line, and an irregular postmedial line, the latter ending in a prominent white tridentate subcostal spot ; a white lunule at end of the cell, and a small punctiform spot in the middle : hindwing with a very indistinct pale-bordered black irregular discal line, which is more distinct at the costal end. Cilia of hindwing edged with white. Base of palpi white ; abdomen beneath and legs brownish-white ; fore and middle tibii3e with brown bands. Expanse, ? -nr inch. CATACLYSTA ORNATA (Plate 181, Fig. 11). Male and female. Silky- white: forewing with the base of the costa cinereous- brown ; a small black dentate costal spot beyond the middle ; an ochreous-yellow band along middle of posterior margin, an outwardly-oblique short discal band beyond the cell, and an inwardly-oblique outer discal band ; the two latter bands with Q q 2 300 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. a slender ciuereous-brown border ; a cinereous-brown streak extending obliquely below the cell from base of lower median ; a slender black submarginal line, and a yellow-bordered marginal row of black dots : hindwing with a subbasal, discal, and a marginal ochreous-yellow band, the two former bands with a linear black border, and the latter with three white-tipt black spots in the middle. Tip of palpi and forelegs cinereous -brown. Expanse 1 inch. CATACLYSTA CONEIFERA (Plate 179, Fig. 14). Male. Ochreous-yellow : forewing with an inwardly-oblique white basal band, a broad anteriorly-curved discal white patch which is very sparsely speckled with black scales ; followed by an oblique subapical and a broken marginal metallic white wedge- shaped band, each being slightly bordered with brown scales : hindv.'ing with a white basal band, and a broad white discal patch, which is sparsely speckled with black scales and outwardly bordered by four black marginal spots with metallic white centres. Cilia brown. Expanse tV inch. CATACLYSTA ANGULATA (Plate 181, Fig. 12). Silky-white : forewing crossed by a slight brown inwardly-oblique antemedial and a postmedial irregular line, the latter bent inward from the middle median to end of the cell and terminating on middle of posterior margin, the interspace longitu- dinally streaked with cinereous-ochreous, the streaks being also slightly bordered with purplish-brown ; beyond is a curved ochreous fascia bordered by a slight brown denticulated line, followed by a parallel blackish macular submarginal line, the exterior margin being also ochreous ; each line has a blackish dilated costal end ; base of the costa ochreous, crossed by a short basal and subbasal blackish streak : hindwing with a cinereous-ochreous subbasal band and outer border ; the latter with a marginal row of five equidistant white-bordered black spots. Fore tarsi with a blackish terminal band. Expanse r? inch. Genus TALANGA. Forewing shorter than in Cataclysta ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted about one-fourth before end of the cell, second and third from angle close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end : hindwing short, very broad, triangular ; cell two-fifths the length ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial and two upper medians from extreme lower end of the cell. Body slender ; labial palpi obliquely ascending, rather broad, laxly clothed in front, third joint minute; maxillary palpi squamous at the tip; antennae submonilifonn ; legs smooth, spurs unequal. PYJiALID.E. 301 TALANGA SEXPUNCTATA (Platk. 181, Fig. 13). Oligostigma sexpunctata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. Glfi, [li. 60, fig. 12, ? . Ghjpltodcs sexpfinctata, Snellen, Tijcl. voor Ent. 188.3, p. 144, pi. 8, fig. 12, $ , Glyphodcs hmaspilalis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. (Aug.) 1880, p. 223. Gatnclysta nympha, Butler, P. Z. S. (Dec.) 1880, p. 683, S. Forewirig oclireous-yellow ; with the costal border from the base, induding a triangular patch across end of the cell, two small patches before the apex, and a slender streak along middle of the submedian vein ochreous-brown, each being bordered by an opalescent-white baud, the bands from before the apex descending obliquely to near the posterior margin ; a slender black marginal line : hindwing opalescent-white, with a short ochreous-yellow streak across middle of the disc, a patch before and a slender band bordering the apex ; the discal streak bordered with ochreous-brown ; two jet black metallic spots spangled with golden-green on middle of the outer margin, the spots externally bordered by similar minute interciliar si)ots, which vary from three or more in the male to five or six in the female. Body duller ochreous-yellow ; sides of thorax, head, tip of palpi, and forelegs ochreous- brown ; tip of abdomen black in male. Expanse -nr to iij- inch. This is quite a distinct species from the Australian T. Tolumnialis {Leucochroma TohimniaUs, Walker, Catal. xvii. 402) referred erroneously to Glyphodes by Mr. Meyrick in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 298. Genus PARAPONYX. Paraponyx, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclmiett. p. 362 (1825-7) ; Stephens, Illust. Ilanst. iv. p. 41 (1834) ; Guenep, Delt. et Pyr. p. 268 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 452; Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Ent. Men. vii. p. 452. Male. Wings of nearly equal length : forewing long, narrow, exterior margin hardly oblique ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fifth before end of the cell, second trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median from close to end of cell, lower at one- fifth ; submedian straight : hindwing long, apex somewhat pointed, exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell half the length; two subcostals from end of cell ; upper branch extending two-thirds its length along the costal; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from lower eud ; middle median close to end of the cell, lower at one-third. Body slender ; palpi slightly ascending, curved, second joint laxly squamous, reaching more than half beyond the eyes, third joint short, lanceo- late ; maxillary palpi distinct, slender, laxly squamous ; antennas stout, submouiliform, minutely pubescent, the apical joints dilated at their ends ; legs very long, slender, smooth, spurs slender. Ttjj)e, P. stratiotalis. 302 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. PARAPONYX LINEALIS. Parapoiii/.v linealis, Gueuee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 271 (1854). Oligostigma ohitalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 432 (1859). Wliite : forewing with an inwardly-oblique antemedial and two discal recurved black-bordered oclireous bands, and a similar marginal band ; the inner discal band enclosing a slight black-sijeckled spot at end of the cell : hindwing with three inner black lines, a discal and a marginal black-speckled bordered ochreous band. Body with black-speckled ochreous bands. Expanse, ^ tV, ? tu inch. PARAPONYX VOTALIS. Oligostigma votalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 433 (1859). Cinereous-white : forewing with an inwardly-oblique antemedial, and a recurved discal blackish-speckled duplex line, a similar sub marginal, and a marginal line; the inner line joining a slight black-speckled spot at end of the cell : hindwing with three inner black-speckled lines, a discal black-speckled band, a submarginal and a marginal line. Cilia interlined with brown. Body with black-speckled bands. Expanse /« to -^ inch. PARAPONYX CRISONALIS. Hydrocampa Crisonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xix. p. 961 (1859). Female. Cinereous ; very thickly and minutely speckled with brown : forewing darkest ; with a very indistinct brown inwardly-curved antemedial and discal line, and a narrow marginal dentated line ; between the two former lines is a recurved discal yellowish band, before which is a blackish-speckled spot at end of the cell : hindwing less numerously brown speckled ; with an indistinct yellowish bordered medial and discal wavy band, and a slender brown marginal lunular line. Cilia pale cinereous, with a slender black macular inner line. Palpi and legs pale whitish- cinereous. Expanse tr inch. Genus CYMORIZA. Cijmoriza, Gueuee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 271 (18.34); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 455 (18.39). Male. Forewing rather long, almost rectangular at the tips, exterior margin slightly angular in the middle; a swollen glandular vesicle at end of the costal vein projecting slightly outward from the margin ; cell narrow, disposed towards middle of the wing, more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, being curved downward and almost joined to end of the cell, second bifid, fourth and fifth from end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave, one radial from lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian slightly curved upward : hindwing elongate, quadrate, apex convex, exterior margin convexly angulated in the middle ; cell nearly two-fifths the length ; PYRALIDJE. 303 first subcostal emitted before end of the cell, partly joined to tbe costal ; discocellular very slender, concave, radial from lower end ; npper median from end of cell, lower at two-fiftlis. Body moderately slender ; labial palpi slender, long, curved, ascending above the vertex, joints well separated, finely squamous, third joint half length of the second, acicular ; maxillary palpi short, slender, very distinct ; antenn* filiform ; legs long, slender, spurs very long, slender, hindlegs with equal anterior and unequal posterior spurs. Type, C. irrectalls. CYMORIZA ACCLARALIS. Isopteri/x acdaralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 403 (1859). Pale ochreous-brown : forewing crossed by a blackish-bordered white subbasal macular band, a broader irregular medial band, a slender discal undulated line which is dilated at its costal end and indistinct hindward, followed by a marginal lunular line; a white lunule also at end of the cell: hindwing with the basal area white; crossed by a subbasal and an undulated discal blackish-bordered white line, and a marginal lunular line ; a lunular mark at end of the cell. Cilia alternated with white. Thorax and abdomen with slender white bands ; palpi white, tip brownish ; fore femora and tibice brownish. Expanse -^ inch. CYMOEIZA PORITIALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 11). Oligostljma Pontialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 951 (1859). White. Forewing crossed by a pale bi'own bordered ochreous-yellow subbasal, antemedial, medial, discal, submarginal, and a marginal band; the antemedial band curved upward to the medial and ending at base of the discal ; below the curve is a shorter band continuous with the base of the submarginal band : hindwing crossed by a similar brown-bordered irregular medial, discal, and marginal band. Cilia ochreous-yellow. Thorax, abdomen, and palpi with ochreous bands. Expanse to inch. Genus NIACGABA. Niaccaha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1272 (1865). " AViugs small, elongate : forewing rectangular at the tips, hind part of exterior margin forming a nearly right angle with the forepart : hindwing with the exterior margin slightly undulating. Body moderately stout ; palpi smooth, slender, slightly curved, obliquely ascending, third joint short; antennas stout, setulose ; legs smooth, rather stout, spurs long, slender." NIACCABA SUMPTUALTS. Niaccaba sumptualts, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1272 (1865). Reddish-cinereous : forewing with a slight reddish tinge near the base ; crossed by two or three very indistinct oblique nearly equidistant brownish lines ; marginal 304 THE LEPIBOPTERA OF CEYLON. jioints brown ; some brown points along the costa : bindwing rosy towards tbe outer border ; crossed by indistinct wavy reddish lines ; some semihyaline submarginal spots towards the apex. Expanse t^i inch. NIACCABA BISECTALIS (Plate 179, Fig. 12). Catacli/sta bisectalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 449 (1859). White. Forewing crossed by an inwardly-oblique blackish medial band, a slender recurved antemedial brown-speckled line, and a less defined postmedial denticulated line ; a black dot in middle of the cell, and a reniform mark at the end ; a subbasal cluster of purplish-red scales, and a darker cluster at the posterior angle ; a few similar red scales also scattered over the medial and discal area ; a marginal row of black dots : hiudwing with an interrupted blackish-speckled bordered reddish medial baud, which encloses a white dentate mark at end of the cell, followed by a broad purplish-red marginal band, the latter having a cluster of black scales at the apex and anal angle. Cilia alternated with purplish-red. Body slightly black speckled. Expanse xa inch. NIACCABA DELETA (Plate 179, Fig. 13). Wliite. Forewing with faint traces of a pale brownish curved antemedial line, an angular postmedial fascia and marginal band ; a minute black dot at base of the wing, and a small spot at end of the cell : hiudwing with faint traces of a brownish medial and a discal line, followed by a broad black- speckled marginal band ; two black spots at end of the cell. Cilia pale brownish; forelegs brownish. Expanse -rcr inch. Genus NYMPHULA. n^^ f \.t^,,i.jJl Nymplmla, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 162 (1802); Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 362 (1825-7); Treitsclike, Schmett. Eur. vi. p. 315 (1829). Botijs » (part), Latreille, Hist. N.at. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iii. p. 414 (1802) ;.2d xiv. p. 230 (1805). Hydrocampa, Latieille, Faun. Nat. Eeg. Anim. p. 478 (1825) ; Duponchel, Lep. Fr. viii. p. 172 (1831) ; Stephens, 111. Haust. iv. p. 38 (1834) ; Guenee, Delt. et Pyr. p. 273 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 456; Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Ent. Mon. vii. p. 451 (1863). Nausinoe (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 363 (1825-7). Male. Forewing elongated, narrow; apex rounded, exterior margin oblique, _^_ . . • , ■ o * Latreille, in his " Hist. Nat.," vol. iii. p. 414 (1802), enumerates erigatus, colonum, purpuraria, and potamogata as the species pertaining to his genus Botys. In the xiv. vol. of the same work, p. 230 (1805), he restricts the genus to inwpuraria and ^otomof^ato, and in his " Consid. Gen.," p. 369 (1810), lie cites the two latter species only. Saraouelle, in his " Ent. Useful Comp.," p. 255 (1819), specifies ••« ^lAn jjurpuraria as the typical species. This species {purpuraria), consequently, becomes thus fixed as the , rf/ i^a"' »^ type of Latreille's Botys. The genus therefore is removed to the Geometrid«. ^''A\(^ .'■ rYRALIDJE. 30o convex ; cell more than half the lengtli ; first subcostal emitted near to end of tlio cell, second fi-om angle close to end, trifid, fifth from end ; discocellular concave, radials from near each end ; middle median immediately before end of the cell, lower at one- fifth ; siibmedian much curved from the base: hindwing rather short and narrow; exterior margin very oblique, convex ; cell half the length ; two subcostals from end, upper extending half its lengtli along the costal ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from its lower end ; two upper medians from end of the cell, lower at two-fifths. Cilia broad. Body slender ; palpi rather slender, curved, second joint pilose beneath, extending half beyond the eyes, third joint slender, squamous; maxillary palpi pilose, extending beyond second joint of labial ; antennre submonili- form, minutely pubescent in male ; legs long, bare, spurs rather short. Tijpe, N. stagnata (potamagalis, Hiibn.). NYMPHULA DEPUNCTALIS. Ili/Jrocampa depunctalis, Gueuee, Delt. et Pyi'al, p. 247 (1S54); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 461. Zebronia decussulis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 481 (1859). White. Forewing crossed by a very pale ochreous -yellow antemedial and a postmedial interrupted band, and a short oblique baud from the costa before the apex, followed by a subraarginal lunular line, and a slender marginal line ; a blackish- speckled spot on inner band below the cell, and a similar lunula at end of the cell : hindwing with an interrupted medial and discal pale ochreous l^and, ma'^giual lunular line, and slender marginal line. Cilia with an ochreous-yellow macular inner line. Sides of palpi and fore tiljite above brownish. Expanse, c? tV, 5 nr inch. Genus ISOPTERYX, Isopteri/x, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 227 (1854) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 398 (1859); Lederer, Pyr. Wien. Eat. Monat. vii. p. 449 (1863). Wings small. Forewing rather long, narrow ; cell half the length ; first subcostal emitted close to end of cell, second trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular concave, radials from near upper end and at lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly one-third : hindwing with the exterior margin convex in the middle ; cell one-third the lengtli ; subcostals from the end; discocellular deeply concave, radial and upper median from the end of cell, lower at one-third. Body moderately slender, abdomen not long ; labial palpi obliquely ascending, reaching to level of the eyes, second joint rather broad, truncate, coarsely squamous, third joint short, pointed, smooth; maxillary palpi small, linear; antennce slender, setaceous; legs rather long, slender, smooth, hind spurs nearly equal. Tijpe, I. foedalis. VOL. III. R r 306 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. ISOPTERYX F(EDALIS. Isoptenp- fnhUs, Giu'aee, Dclt. et Pyral. p. 22S, pi. 4, fig 7 (1854), ? ; Snellen, TijJ. voor Eat. 1872, p. 96 ; id. 1884, p. 47. Isopteryx sjnlomelaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 403 (18o9). White. Forewing crossed by a black antemedial interrupted angulated line, and a more prominent postmedial irregularly-undulated line, the latter being curved inward below end of the cell, and is then continued in the same irregularly-undulated manner across the hindwing ; the outer areas of both wings with a brownish sinuous blotched band and a marginal row of black dentate spots : forewing also with some basal black-speckled spots, a costal streak crossing end of the cell, and brownish- speckled intervening blotches : hindwing also with a black cell spot, and brownish- speckled discal blotches. Thorax with black spots ; abdomen with brown-speckled bands ; palpi and forelegs with black bands. Expanse t\ inch. ISOPTERYX TRISIGNATA. Wings ochreous-white, exterior borders pale brownish-ochreous, traversed by a darker fascia : foreAving with a dark brown-bordered ochreous curved basal mark, a similar round mark across middle of the cell, and a larger constricted mark at end of the cell, followed by an irregular transverse discal denticulated brown line, and a prominent mai'ginal line ; from outer end of the basal mark and from the inner end of the second mark a pale brown line descends to the posterior margin : hindwing with two inwardly-oblique slender brown lines ending at the anal angle, and a bi'own marginal line. Cilia with a slender brown inner line. Body ochreous-white ; an interrupted blackish band across the thorax, and an entire band across base of abdomen ; basal segment of abdomen and anal tuft brown, edged with white ; fore tibige with brown bands. Expanse xV inch. Genus MASSEPHA. Massepha, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 488 (1859). Forewing narrow, rather long; acute and subfalcate at tip, exterior margm slightly convex and oblique ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted close to end of the cell, second and fifth from the end, second trifid ; discocellular waved, radials from near the middle and lower end ; middle median close to end, lower at two-fifths: hindwing rather long, narrow, triangidar, exterior margin slightly convex in the middle, and scalloped ; cell one-third the length ; subcostals from the end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at nearly one-third. Body slender, abdomen tufted at tip; palpi obliquely ascending, squamous, third joint linear, rather obtuse, not PYRALIDJE. 307 half length of the second ; antennae filifoi^m ; legs smooth, long, slender ; spurs long, slender, unequal in length. MASSEPHA ABSOLUTALIS. Massepha ahsolutalis, Walkci', Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 489 (1859). Pale purplish ochreous-white. Both wings with numerous transverse more or less confluent purplish cinereous-brown strigas, and a marginal row of black dots. Cilia purplish cinereous-brown at the apex. Thorax and abdomen with brown bands, those on the latter posteriorly bordered by a slender black line ; legs with black bands. Expanse x^ inch. Genus SAMEODES. Samcodcs, Snellen, Tijil. vooi- Eut. 1880, p. 217 ; id. 1883, p. 134 ; Meyrick, Traus. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 300. Male. Forewing moderately long; apex subfalcate, costa distorted in the middle, where it is slightly folded beneath and covei'ed with a lappet of coarse scales ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, second free, third bifid, fifth cuiwed upward from end of cell ; discocellular slender, slightly concave, radials from near the ends; middle median from close to end, lower at one-fourth ; sul)median bent upward near the base : hindwing rather long, triangular, costa arched in the middle ; cell broad, about two-fifths the length ; subcostals from the end, upper partly joined to the costal ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from lower end ; middle median very close to end, lower at one-half ; submedian and internal veins equi-distant. Body moderately slender, pointed at the apex ; thorax laxly covered with broad spatular scales ; tegulse long ; labial palpi porrect, apex decumbent, laterally broad, clothed with lax broad scales beneath, second joint projecting half beyond the eyes, third joint pointed, smooth ; maxillary palpi minute ; antennse long, slightly serrated in front at the middle, finely ciliated ; legs long, smooth, hind tibia3 thickened and tufted in the middle above the anterior spurs, posterior spurs absent, tarsi very long. SAMEODES PIPLEISALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 14). Stenia Piphmilis, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 420 (,1859). Scuneodes Pipleidalis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 300. Lepijrodes lepidalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xvii. p. 465 (1859). Samea sidealis, Walker, id. xix. p. 937 (1859). Hymenia meridionalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1314 (1865). Sameodes trithjralis, Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1880, p. 218 ; id. 1883, p. 134, pi. S, fig. 4. Samea vespertinalis, Saalmuller, Ber. Senck. Gesell. 1880, p. 301. Brownish-ochreous : forewing with three small brown-lined semihyaline-white subbasal spots, a large spot across the middle, and a discal series of spots ; the latter K r 2 308 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. series traversed by a denticulated brown line : liindwing liyaline-white, witli a broad macular bordered marginal oclireous-brown band, and a transverse medial irregular band, before which is a brown spot below the cell. Cilia white, spotted with brown. Abdomen with white bands ; palpi white beneath ; legs brown above, with white bands. Expanse -nr inch. Genus LEPYRODES. Lepyrodes, GM(:neQ, Delt. et Pyral. p. 277 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 463 (1859); Leilerer, Pyral. Wien. Knt. Moiiat. vii. p. 445 (1863). Male. Forewing rather long, apex subfalcate ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell ; second and third contiguous, third Ijifid, fifth from end ; discocellular very slender, slightly concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median close to end of the cell, lower at one-sixth ; submedian nearly straight: hindwing rather narrow, exterior margin convex in the middle, slio-htly sinuous ; cell one-third the length ; subcostals from end, first branch joined to costal; discocellular very slender, concave, radial from lower end; two upper znedians from end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; submedian and internal veins curved. Body slender ; abdomen long, attenuated ; labial palpi short, porrect, compressed, very broad, laxly squamous, third joint minute ; maxillary palpi very slender ; antennas long, slender, filiform ; legs long, slender, smooth ; hind tibiae very long, spurs slender, equal. Tjjpe, L. geometralis. LEPYRODES GEOMETRALIS. Lepyrodes geometralis, Giienee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 278, pi. 8, fig. 6 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 465 (1859); Snellen, Tijd. voor Ent. 1884, p. 45. Brownish-ochreous : forewing with nine blackish-bordered hyaline- white spots disposed between the costal and submedian vein, four of which are located above the median and the others below it : hindwing with six transversely-disposed hyaline- white spots. Both wings with Ijlackish intervening striga3. Cilias white, with black linear inner spots. Abdomen, palpi, and legs banded with white. Expanse to to to inch. Genus PESSOCOSMA. Pcsaocosma, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. LonJ. 1884, p. 300. Closely allied to Sameodes. Venation similar. No costal fold on the forewing. Antcnnte ciliated with tufts of ciliEe ; labial palpi more robust; hind tibiae slender throughout, not thickened in the middle, hind pair of sjDurs present. Ti/pe, P. lolealis {Lepyrodes lolealis, Walker). PYRALID^. 309 PESSOCOSMA PERITALIS. Lepyrodcs PeritaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 466 (1859). Bvowuish-ochreous : forevriiig with three inwardly-oblique vitreous-white inter- sected bands, similarly disposed to those in Sameodes Pipleisalis, excepting that the outer band is composed of only two upper inner spots and a recurved series of small spots : hiudwing hyaline-white, with a broad brownish-ochreous marginal band traversed by an inner white line, and a medial waved band. Thorax white speckled ; abdomen with white bands ; palpi white beneath. Cilia white, with brown inner macular line. Expanse, $ ru, ? fa inch. Genus NAUSINOE. Nausinoe, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 362 (1825-7). Phalamjiodes* Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 278 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 467; Snellen, Tij.l. voor Ent. 1880, p. 238 ; id. 1884, p. 45 ; Meyrick, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1884), p. 294. Phalangodes, LeJerer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 445 (1863). Male. Forewing long, triangular; exterior margin very oblique; cell nearly two-fifths the length ; first subcostal at two-fifths before end of the cell, second close to end, trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slender, radials from near the middle and lower end ; median Yerj thick from the base to beyond end of the cell (appearing as if it was double), recurved, upper branch from end of cell, two lower branches from the thickened end at a short distance beyond the cell ; submedian almost straight, with a lower branch curving downward and rejoining it at one-third from the base : hiudwing short, very broad and triangular ; cell very short, less than one-fourth the length; subcostals on a footstalk at a short distance beyond the cell; discocellular very slender, concave, radial from near lower end, waved at the base ; middle and lower medians from close to end of cell, joined at their base, curved deeply downward and then upward; between the middle and lower median is a transparent vitreous iridescent recurved-clavate streak; a straight submedian and two curved internal veins. Female : veins normal ; vitreous streak not present. Body very slender, abdomen very long and attenuated; thorax clothed with lax silky hairy scales ; labial palpi porrect, compressed, broad, pilose beneath, third joint minute, pointed, decumbent; maxillary palpi minute, pilose; antenna) very long, slender, filiform; legs extremely long, slender; fore tibise and their tarsi clothed with long silky hairs, middle tibite incrassated, clothed with silky hairs beneath, hind tibiiB slightly pilose, spurs long, nearly equal in length. Tijpe, N. Xeptis. * Phalangodes used in 1S42 for a genus of Arac'aniJas. 310 THE LEFIDOrrERA OF CEYLON. NAUSINOE NEPTIS. rhahvnn Koctna Neptis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 128, pi. 26, fig. F. (1782). Nausiniie Neptalis, Iliibner, Verz. bek. Suhnaett. p. 363 (1825-7). Phalanrjlodes Neptisalis, Gueuee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 279 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xvii. p. 467; Snellen, TijJ. voor Eut. 1884, p. 46 ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 295. Phnlanfjodcs Neptis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 445 (1863). Brownish oclireous-yellow : forewing with two black-boi'dered white subbasal bands, a small spot in middle of cell, a large irregular-shaped spot from end of cell, and four irregular outer spots : hindwing with the basal half white, enclosing a black-bordered ochreous spot at end of cell ; outer half brownish ochreous-yellow, with two elongated black-bordered white spots. Ciha white, with a slender blackish inner line. Tegulos white bordered ; abdomen with white dorsal bands, which are slightly bordered with black speckles ; legs white ; fore and middle tibise cinereous- brown. Expanse ItV to Ircr inch. Genus POLYTHLIPTA. Poli/thlijita, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 389 (1863). Male. Forewing long, triangular, exterior margin very oblique ; cell half the length, narrow ; first subcostal at one-third before end of the cell, second from angle close to end, trifid, fifth from the end, running very close to second near the base ; discocellular slightly concave, radials from the ends ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly one-fourth ; submedian bent upward near the base, with a short lower branch from its base, which rejoins it at one-third its length : hindwing broad, triangular ; cell about one-third the length ; two subcostals from a short footstalk beyond the cell, upper partly joined to the costal; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower close to the end ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body slender, abdomen long, extending much beyond hindwings, apex tufted ; labial palpi porrect, broad, compressed, laxly pilose beneath, third joint half length of second, cyhndrical ; maxillary palpi short ; antenna slender, filiform: leS'tolalis. GLYPHODES BICOLOR. BoUjs hicolor, Swainson, Zool. Ilhist. 1st ser. II. pi. 77. flg. 2 (1821). Eudioptig perspicillalis, ZuUer, Lep. Micro. Caffr. Kougl. Vet. Akiul. ILiuJl. (1852), p. 53. Glyphodes pei-spicillalis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1884), p. 299. Gli/phodes diumalis, Guenee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 29-t, pi. 5. f. 5 (18.54) ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 498 ; LeJcrer, Pyral. Wieu. Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 402. Gli/phodes parvalid, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xx.xiv. p. 1355 (1865). Forewing cuprescent fuliginous-brown ; crossed by a black-bordered hyaline opalescent-white medial band, which is joined to a white streak along base of the posterior margin, followed by a moderate-sized oval discal spot and a contiguous dentate costal spot; ciha partly white : hindwing hyaline opalescent-white, with a black-bordered broad brown marginal band; cilia white. Middle of thorax and abdomen above brown, tip black, tegular, fringe of palpi, body beneath, and legs, white ; fore and middle femora and tibise brown ; base of palpi brown. Expanse to inch. GLYPHODES PYLOALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 3). Gh/phodes Pyloalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xix. p. 973 (1859). Forewing ochreous-brown ; with a short broad antemedial and a postmedial blackish-bordered hyaline opalescent-white band, followed by a discal recurved slender similar line, which is outwardly dentated near its costal end ; between the two bands is a lower medial round black spot ringed with white ; the base and middle of posterior margin also white ; cilia edged with white : hindwing hyaline opalescent-white, with a broad brown marginal band with a slender black inner bordered line ; cilia edged with white. Palpi, middle of thorax, and abdomen above brown, tuft black ; tegulas, base of palpi, body beneath, and legs, white ; forelegs brownish above. Expanse to inch. GLYPHODES STOLALIS. Ghjphodes Stolalis, Gueuee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 293, pi. 3, fig. 11 (1854); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xvii. p. 497 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 401 ; Snelleu, Tijd. voor Ent. 1883, p. 143. Wings hyaline- white, opalescent : forewing crossed by two subbasal and a post- medial outwardly-oblique black-bordered cuprescent ochreous-brown band, a similar discal, and a broader marginal band, each centred with a parallel brown streak, the VOL. III. "^ ^ 322 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. middle band posteriorly joined to the discal and enclosing a liyaline white reniform mark ; the two outer bands also partly confluent : hindwing with a black-bordered cuprescent ochreous-brown streak at end of the cell, a slender discal band, and n. confluent broad marginal band, the latter brown-streaked. Cilia white, partly inter- lined with brown. Body white, with ochreous-brown longitudinal bands; anal tuft black; palpi with ochreous and brown bands, base white ; femora and tibite white, with brown bands, tarsi brownish at the lips. Expanse \-^ inch. GLYPHODES ACTORIONALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 1, S)- Glypliodcs Actorionalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 498 (1859). Forewing dark cuprescent-brown, with an outwardly-oblique hyaline opalescent- white oval medial spot, before which is a very much smaller spot within the cell, beyond it is a much larger discal spot, and a small subafical costal dentate spot ; from the latter descends a very slender indistinct submarginal line ; posterior margin white to near the end : hindwing hyaline opalescent-white, with a moderately narrow cuprescent-brown marginal band ; cilia white. Body above cuprescent-brown ; tegulie, base of palpi, legs, and body beneath, pure white ; palpi above dark brown ; fore and middle femora and tibjB brownish above. Expanse lyV to lyV inch. GLYPHODES BIVITRALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 2, 2a larva). Glijphodcs hivitraJis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 293 (18.54) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 496 ; Lederer, Pyral. Wieti. Eat. Moiiat. vii. p. 402. Forewing purphsh ochreous-brown, with an outwardly-oblique hyaline opales- cent-white jiyriform medial spot, and a very large discal spot, the latter being irregularly angled on its outer edge ; between the two white spots is a small lower white-ringed black spot; before the inner spot is a slender transverse indistinct black-bordered white line ending in a white streak along base of posterior margin ; at base of the cell is also an indistinct blackish dot ; beyond the discal spot is a slender transverse line, and the outer mai-gin has a blackish-bordered glaucescent fascia ; cilia cinereous brown : hindwing hyaline opalegcent-white, with a moderately broad black-bordered ochreous-brown marginal band with a similar glaucescent fascia; cilia white, with ochreous-brown inner line. Middle of thorax, abdomen above, palpi above, and anal tuft bhickish ; forelegs and middle tibiae above ochreous- brown ; base of palpi, legs, and body beueath white. Expanse, (^ IxV, 2 liij inch. " Colombo, December " {Mackwood.} Larva rather stout, attenuated at the ends ; olive brown, palest beneath ; head PYRALIDJE. 323 reddish, and with a black lateral streak ; a dorsal, subdorsal, and a lateral row of white dots, the latter with a few fine short radiating white hairs ; some black dots on anterior and posterior segments. Pupa pale olivaceous-red ; with an acute anal point and lengthened pedal sheath. " Feeds on Ficus oppositifoHa " (Thioaltes). GLYPHODES ITYSALIS (Plate 180, Fig. 4). Ghjpliodes Itijsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xvii. p. 501 (1859), $ . Forewing purplish ochreous-brown, with an outwardly-oblique blackish- bordered hyaline opalescent-white short costal antemedial band, and a broader erect postmedial band, the latter partly confluent with a straight slender similar line, which is outwardly bordered by an opalescent fascia ; a similar white band from base of posterior margin, followed by a dentate spot below the antemedial band ; the brown oblique upper basal area traversed by a slender white line, and the medial area by a metallic blue streak ; cilia white from below the apex : hindwing hyaline opalescent -white, with a broad brown marginal band, which is inwardly bordered by a black duplex line with an outer opalescent fascia ; cilia white, with an inner brown line at the anal angle. Palpi, middle of thorax and abdomen above brown ; anal tuft black ; tegulte, base of palpi, body beneath, and legs white ; forelegs ochreous, with a brown band on tibias. Expanse 1 inch. Genus EUDIOPTIS. Eudloptis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 359 (1825-7); Stephen's, Illust. Ent. Ilaust. iv. p. 43 (1834). PhaMlura, Guikling, MS. Westwood, Int. Ent. 11, p. 401 (1840); Gueuee, Belt, et Pyral. p. 294; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 509. Fhacellura, Lederer, Pjral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 400 (1863); Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 297. Forewing lanceolate, rather narrow ; cell long, three-fifths the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-fourth, second and third fi-om angle close to end, hardly separable at their base, third bifid, fifth from end of cell; discocellular concave, radials from near the ends ; middle median very close to end of cell, lower at one- fourth; submedian bent near the end: hindwing triangular; cell one-third the length ; subcostals from end ; discocellular concave, radial from its extreme lower end ; two upper medians from extended end of cell, lower at one- fourth ; a straight submedian and two internal veins. Body rather stout, abdomen cylindrical, anal tuft in male, large, composed of dense plumose and spatular divergent hairs ; labial palpi ascending, broad, rounded in front, compressed, laxly squamous, third joint T t 2 324 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. very slioi't j maxillaiy palpi erect, truncate at the tip, distinct ; antenna simple ; legs long, slender, smooth, spurs long, unequal. Type, E. hyalinata. EUDIOPTIS INDICA. IX. Eudioptis indica, Saunders, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond. 1851, p. 1G3, pi. 12, fig. 5, 6, 7; Zoologist, j<^ p. 3070. Phakellura indica. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 514; Snellen, Tijd. voor. Ent. 1883, p. 141. Phacelhira indica, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 297. Phakellura Gazorialis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 297; Semper, Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesc. 1867, p. 702. Phacellura Gazorialis, Lederer, Pyral. VVien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 400. Wings hyaline-white, opalescent ; forewing with a broad cupreous-brown costal band and an exterior marginal band : hiudwiug with a similar exterior mar- ginal baud. Cilia cinereous-brown. Thorax, head, palpi above, and penultimate segment of abdomen above, cupreous-brown ; base of palpi, thorax, base of abdomen above and beneath, and legs white ; anal tuft ochreous, tipt with brown. Expanse tti to 1 inch. Genus MARGARONIA. Margaronia,llu\}a(.-v, Yerz. bek. Sclimett. p. 358(1825-7); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 518. Margarodcs, Giu'iiee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 301 (1854) ; Lederer, Pyral. Wieu. Ent. Mouat. vii. p. 398 ; Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 290. Male. Wings smooth, silky, diaphanous, opalescent: forewing moderately long, triangular, costa much arched towards the end, apes acute, exterior margin oblique ; cell narrow, more than half the length ; first subcostal fully half before end of the cell, second and third close to end, hardly separable at their base, third bifid, fifth from end, curved upward from the base and almost touching third ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, slightly concave, radials from close to the ends; middle median close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-third ; submedian bent upward near the base, and with a recurved lower slender branch rejoining it beyond one-third its length : hindwing short, broad, triangular, exterior margin very slightly convex ; cell two-fifths the length ; subcostals from slightly beyond the end, upper partly joined to costal; discocellular outwardly oblique, almost bent in middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at one-fifth ; a nearly straight submedian and two internal veins. Body smooth, silky, moderately stout; abdomen keeled above, anal tuft pointed, compact; labial palpi porrect, projected more than half beyond the head, broad, smoothly clothed, pointed in front, third joint concealed ; maxillary palpi broad at the apex ; antennae slender. PYRALIDJE. 325 filiform; legs slender, smooth, inner spurs very long and slender, outer spurs short. Type, M. unionalis. MARGARONIA GLAUCULALIS (Plate 181, Fig. 2, J', 2a larva). Margnrodes gJauculalis, Gueiiec, Delt. et Pyral. p. 306 (1854); Ledercr, Pyral. Wien. Ent Monat, vii. p. 398 (1863). Margaronia glauculalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. 532 (1859). Pale glaucous-green. Wings with opalescent reflections ; with an indistinct marginal row of minute black lunular points : forewing with the costal border from base to near the tip ochreous, and a very slender indistinct black sti'eak on middle of the discocellular. Sides and front of thorax, vertex, palpi above, and bands on fore and middle tibijB bright ochreous ; base of palpi and legs white ; anal tuft in male black. Expanse 1|^ to 2 inches. Larva stout ; pale olivaceous-ochreous, blotched with reddish ochreous, spotted with small black worts; front legs black. Pupa red, with blackish anterior streaks, abdominal bands and spiracles ; with an acute anal point, prominent curved lingual and a sbort pedal sheath. " Feeds on Taberna montana." (Thivaites.) MARGARONIA CELSALIS (Plate 181, Fjg. 4). JJoti/s Celsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 65i (1859). White. Wings semihyaline, opalescent : forewing with a brownish-ochreous costal band which joins a brown-bordered pale yellow streak at base of the cell, a quadrate spot across its middle, and an elongated spot at its end ; a smaller similar spot below the cell, situated between the two last ; each spot bordered by a narrow brown line ; an ochreous-brown undulated denticulated discal line, and a marginal row of black dots : hindwing with a brown dot in middle of the cell, an oval brown- bordered yellow spot with its lower point black tipt, at end of the cell ; an undulated discal line, and a marginal row of black points. Thorax and head above pale yellow ; sides of thorax, vertex, and palpi above ochreous-brown, the palpi above also edo-ed with black ; a streak along fore and middle femora and band on fore tibias and the apical joint of their tarsi black ; palpi beneath, and legs white ; anal tuft in male black at the base. Expanse 1 inch. Genus CYDALIMA. Cydalima, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. viii, p. 397 (1863). Wings smooth, silky, diaphanous, opalescent. Male : forewing longer, narrower, the costa less arched, and the exterior margin more oblique than in ]\Iargaronia : 326 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. hind win o- with the exterior margin more convex hindward. Venation similar. Body longer, anal tuft of lax silky hairs ; labial palpi porrect, broad, rounded in front, smoothly clothed with broad coarse scales, third joint minute ; maxillary palpi short, broad and squamous at the tip ; antennce thick at the base, setaceous, slio-htly contorted and flattened at about one-third the length, with a few fine very minute lashes ; legs moderately stout, smooth, middle tibijB slightly thickened and laxly squamous ; spurs slender, unequal. Type, C. conchylalis. CYDALIMA CONCHYLALIS. Margarodes conch'jlnlis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 303, pi. 8, fig. 9 (1854). Margaronia conchi/lalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 529 (1859). Cydalima conchylalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eut. Monat. vii. p. 397 (1863). Wings hyaline-white, opalescent, with a slender brown marginal line, which is composed of lunular spots in the forewing. Costa of forewing with a metallic cupreous-brown baud, but which does not extend beyond the subcostal vein, and has a slight white dentation at end of the cell. Body silky white ; collar on thorax, head, palpi above, fore femora and tibite above cupreous-brown ; middle tibiee and tips of tarsi paler brown ; base of palpi, body beneath, and legs white. Expanse, S 1 i^u, ? lyV inch. CYDALIMA LATICJSTALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 4). Margarodes laticoslali's, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 303 (1854), J. Margaronia taticostalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 528 (1859). Cydalima laticostalis, Lederer, Pyral, Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 397 (1863). Margaronia Lcodiceal is, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 530 (1859),^. Wings hyaline-white, opalescent, with a slender brown marginal line, which is composed of lunular spots in the forewing. Costa of forewing with an irridescent cupreous-brown band of equal width to the apes, extending half across the cell, and indented by a white streak at end of the cell. Body silky- white; abdomen with a tendency to show blackish segmental bands ; collar, head, palpi above, fore- logs except the tarsi, and middle tibite iindescent cupreous-brown ; base of palpi, body beneath, and legs white. Expanse, i \-r^, ? 1 tV inch. Genus PACHYARCHES. Farotis* Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. iii. p. 30, fig. 523-4 (1825). Pachyarches, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 398 (1863); Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 295. Male. Forewing elongate, costa arched towards the end, with a fold of Ion 2: * Parotia used in 1816 for a aeuus of Birds. PVIiALin^. 327 scales beneath, extending from base to beyond middle, wliicli covers a pencil of fine hairs ; cell half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-half before end of the cell, second and third close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular very obliquely concave, radials from the ends ; middle median from angle close to end, lower at one-fifth ; submedian bent upward near the base, with a lower recurved slender branch extending to one-third its length : hindwing longer than broad, triangular, exterior margin slightly convex ; cell nearly two-fifths the lengtli ; subcostals from the end, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular outwardly oblique, slightly concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at one-fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body moderately stout ; abdomen long, tufted at the apex ; frontal tuft ridged at the sides ; labial palpi long, porrect, rostriform, pointed in front, third joint concealed ; maxillary palpi dilated with dense scales at the tip, truncate ; antennfe stout and flattened at the base, filiform, base of shaft excavated on inner side facing an erect projection of scales from basal joint ; antennae in female simple ; legs finely squamous, inner spurs long, slender, outer short. Tijjie, P. psittacalis. PACHYARCHES PSITTACALIS. Parotis psittacalis, Hiibner, Saraml. Exot. Schmett. iii. p. 30, No. 262, figs. 523-4 (lS2o). Margarodes psittacalis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 308 (18ol). JMargaronia jisittacalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. 529. Paclii/arches psittacalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 39S ; Meyrick, Trans. Enf. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 296. Margaronia maliferalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxxiv. 1363 (1865), J'. Apple-green. Both wings with a slight black dentate spot at end of the cell, ])ut which are obsolete in the female ; cilias cinereous-ochreous : forewing brownish- ochreous along edge of the costa. Palpi above brighter brownish-ochreoas, white beneath ; anal tuft in male dark brown ; legs -white above, greenish beneath ; fore femora and tibise with ochreous baud ; middle femora with ochreous knee and tibiae ■with basal streak ; basal tuft of autennaj in male tipt with ochreous. Expanse, c? 2 , 1 a> to l^u inch. PACHYARCHES POMONALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 7, $). Margarodes poinonalis, Giu-uee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 309 (1854). Margaronia pomonalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. SI. xviii. p. 530. Pachyarches pomonalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Jlonat. vii. p. 398. Pale apple-green, tinged with yellow; costal edge of forewing white. Cilia of both wings white, with a slender yellowish inner line. Palpi green above, white at the base ; legs entirely white ; anal tuft in male black. Expanse, $ ? , 1 tV to Iju inch. 328 Till': LEPIDOFTERA OF CFA'LOX. PACHYAECHES HILARALIS. Marjneusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 531 (1859), ?. ifarrjaronia Moyvusalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 533 (1859), ?. Margaronia Atlitalis, Walker, id. p. 533 (1859), ?. Apple-green. Both wings with an indistinct blackish spot at end of the cell, and a marginal row of very minute black points. Costa of forewing slenderly edged with ochreous. Cilia brownish-cinereous. Palpi green above, white beneath ; fore tibia3 with ochreous bands ; all the tarsi white above ; anal tuft in male blackish. Expanse lyu" to 1-h inch. Genus PYGOSPILA. Pijgospila, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 312 (1854) ? ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 537; Lederer, Pyral. Wien Ent. Monat. vii. p. 404. Lomotropa, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 404 (1863), S . Pldi/cla:nia (part), Iliibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 359. Forewing long, lanceolate ; costa of male with a slightly swollen and depressed PYRALID^E. 320 lold above end of the cell and covered with scabrous scales beneath; costal and subcostals curved below the fold ; cell more than half the length; first subcostal at nearly half before end of the cell, second and third from angle close to end, third bifid, fifth from end ; discocellular outwardly concave, radials from upper and lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fifth ; submediau recurved, bent near the base, and with a slender lower branch rejoining it at nearly half its length: hindwing short, triangular; cell about one-third the length; subcostals on a footstalk beyond the cell, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular outwardly obliqut>, concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at one- fifth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body moderately stout, abdomen lono-, attenuated ; tegulas clothed with long lax scales ; labial palpi ascending, bi-oad, compressed, smoothly squamous, third joint minute, conical ; antennae setaceous ; legs moderately long, smooth; hind tibiee with a tuft of hairs at the tip, inner spurs lono-, slender, outer spurs short. Female. Costal fold on forewing absent. No tuft at tip of hind tibiae. PYGOSPILA TYRES. riuthena Pijralis Tyres, Cramer, Pap. E.xot. iii. p. 124, pi. 263, fig. e. (I7S2), ?. Phhjctania Tlujralis, Hiibner, Verz. l)ek. Sehmett. p. 359 (182o-7). Pijijospila Ti/resialis, Guenee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 312 (185i) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. C M. xviii. p. 537 ; Lederer, P3 ral. Wien. Eiit. Mouat. vii. p. 40i. Phalcena cestuata (part), Fabricius,* Syst. Ent. p. 638 ; Eut. Sysf. iii. 2, p. 207, ? {nee LiniiKii.s). Pijijospila costiflexalis, Guenee, Delt. et. Pyrai. p. 313 (1854), ^. Lomotropa costiflexalis, Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Ent. Monat. vii. p. 405, pi. 14, fig. 8 (18G3), S . Purplish-black, glossy. Male : forewing with a costal fold above end of the cell ; two yellowish-ochreous transverse basal outwardly-oblique recurved lines, followed by two small spots below the submedian vein, above which are four equidistant transverse series of bluish-white spots : hindwing with bluish-white streaks from the base, some discal streaks, a spot at end of the cell, and three small spots on middle of the exterior margin. Eemale. Forewing with the costal edge not folded ; markings more prominent, the basal lines sometimes white : hindwing with the markings also more prominent, and with an upper discal spot. Thorax witli six longitudinal lines, which are ochreous-yellow in male, and sometimes white in female ; abdomen with two dorsal rows and a lateral row of white spots ; front of head and basal joint of antenn;i3 with white band ; base of palpi, body beneath, and legs white ; fore tibiaB with black bands, middle and hind tibiae with a black longitudinal streak : hind tibia3 of male with a tuft of hair. Expanse \\ to If inch. * III the B;uik.si;in Cubini t at tlic liiitisii Musejui is a female of this insect labelled Plial. ^Esluata by Fabricius. \oL. Tir. rj II 330 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. Genus NEURINA. £'». 320 (18o4); Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. JI. xviii. p. 548. Botys punctiferalix, Lcdorer, Pyral. Wion. Eiit. Moiiat. vii. |i. liTo. Conogethes pnnctiferalls, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loiul. 1884, p. 314. As^twa Ersealis, Walker, Catal. Lap. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 980 (18.J9). Botijs Nicippealls, Walker, hi. p. 999 (1859). Astura gxUtatalis, Walker, id. xxxiv. p. 1381 (1865). JMale and female. Yellowisli-ochreous : forewing with transverse purplish-black basal and subbasal spots, an antemedial row of spots, a postmedial and a discal zigzag- series of spots, and three medial submarginal spots ; a spot also near end of cell and a lumale at the end : hindwing with a purplish-black spot at end of the cell, a discal, and a submarginal zigzag series of spots. Thorax black spotted ; abdomen with three dorsal rows of black spots, anal tuft in male black streaked ; palpi with a brown or blackish band ; forelegs and tarsi with blackish bands. Expanse, ^ ? | to 1 inch. Genus DADESSA. Allied to Conorjethes (Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 314). Wings comparatively longer; pattern of markings similar to the type {(J. punctlferalis, Guen.). Male. Veins of forewing similar : hindwing with the cell longer and much broader ; middle and lower median vein distorted, being slightly bent upward near the base, and having a short glandular tuft of scales at their base on the upper side ; the submedian and internal veins extend nearer to the median, ai-e curved upward opposite to the bent portion of the medians, and also have similar glandular tufts of short hairs. DADESSA EVAXALIS (Plate 183, Fig. 3, i ). Botys Evaxalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xix. p. 995 (1859),^ ?. Yellowish-ochreous : forewing with transverse purplish-black basal and sub- basal spots, an antemedial macular hne, a postmedial and discal zigzag series of almost continuous dentate spots, beyond which are three medial submarginal slender spots ; a spot near end of the cell, and a streak at the end : hindwing Avith a purplish-black spot at end of the cell, a discal zigzag series of spots, and a sub- marginal series of slender spots, these markings being less defined in the female. Male with a tuft of short ochreous hairy scales between the base of middle and lower medians, and similar tufts on submedian and internal veins, the adjoining black lower discal spots being also covered with irridescent cupreous lax scales. Tliorax and basal segments of abdomen in male black spotted, anal tuft partlv 334 THE LEPIDOPTEEA OF CEYLON. l»lack; spots indistiuct in the funiale ; palpi oclireous at the tip, second joint with a broad blauk Ijand, base whitish ; legs paler above ; forelegs in male witli blackish bands; hind tarsi in male with a tuft of irridescent blackish hairs. Cilia edged with white. Expanse, ^ 1, ? It'u inch. Genus PITACANDA. Male. Wings smooth : forewing long ; costa arched toward end, exterior margin very oblique ; cell extending more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at one-sixth before end of the cell, second and third close to end, third Ihfid, fifth from end and extending upward close to and parallel with third to one- third its length ; discocellular slender, concave, radials from the ends ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-fifth; submedian curved upward, with a slender lower branch extending to near posterior-angle : hindwing short, triangular, apex convex ; cell one-third the length ; two subcostals from the end, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular almost bent in the middle, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower close to end ; a straight submedian and internal vein. Body rather stout, abdomen extending nearly half beyond hindwings; thorax pilose ; palpi short, jaorrect, convergent at the tip, apex slightly decumbent, smoothly squamous ; antenna3 rather thick, stoutly pectinated on the outer side and serrated on the inner side to near the tip, the branches minutely ciliated; legs rather stout, fore and middle tibite pilose; fore tarsi also slightly pilose; hind tibia) iu'oad, flattened, excavated exteriorly in the middle, slightly pilose, spurs short, basal joint of tarsi also slightly pilose. PITACANDA SPILOSOMOIDES (Plate 183, Fig. 10). Male. Wings ochreous-white : forewing with a black basal costal spot, four short longitudinal subbasal streaks, a transverse cvirved antemedial band, and a recurved postmedial band composed of short streaks between the veins, followed by a small spot below the lower subcostal, and two discal spots situated above and below the upper median ; the outer border streaked with yellow between the veins : hindwing with the outer border yellow, a large black spot on middle of abdominal margin. Thorax, head, palpi, and base of abdomen ochreous-white ; teguto and abdomen ochreous ; sides of thorax with black spots ; abdomen with black dorsal bands ; legs whitish ; fore femora and tibiaj, and middle femora banded with black. Expanse If inch. Genus BOTYODES. Boti/odes, Guenee, Delt. et Pyr.al. p. 320 (1854); Walker, Ciital. Lop. Hft. B. M. xviii. p. 550; Ledercr, Pyral. Wieu. Eiit. Monat. vii. p. 394. AYings large: forewing elongate, triangular; cell fully half the length; first PYHALID.T:. 335 subcostal emitted at half before end of the cell ; second from angle close to end, trifid, fifth from the end, curved upward from tlic base; discocellular slender, concave, radials from close to ends ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at fully one-fourth ; submedian bent near the base, with a lower recurved slender branch : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex ; cell one-third the length, very broad ; two subcostals from beyond end of cell, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-fifth ; a straight submedian antl two internal veins. Body rather stout; anal tuft in male lax; labial palpi oblique, compressed, broad, truncate, clothed with short compact scales, third joint short, thick, obtuse; maxillary palpi very short; antennae slender, setaceous, base inflated and with a short fascicle of hairs in front ; pectoral shield broad ; legs rather stout, fore and middle femora, and the tibia?, clothed with short fine hairy scales; hind pair of spurs short. Type, B. Asialis. BOTYODES ASIALIS (Plate 183, Fig. !,(?, la larva). Boti/odes Asialis, Giienee, Delt. et Pyral. p. 321 (1854),?; Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xviii. p. 551; Lederer, Pyral. Wien. Eiit. Mouat. vii. p. 394, pi. 13, tig. S,^; Snellen, Tijd. voor. Ent. 1883, p. 1.39. Bot>is sellalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. P.. JI. xviii. p. 648 {ncc Gucnee). Deep yellow. Both wings with a purplish ochreous-red undulated bordered broad marginal band, which does not completely extend to the apex on the forewing; an irregular discal hne, and an oval pale-centred mark at end of each cell : forewmg also with a punctiform orbicular spot, an outwardly-oblique antemedial interrupted line, and some basal spots ; anal tuft in male greyish-black ; pectoral shield pure white ; body and legs yellow. Expanse If to 2 inches. Larva rather short, thick; olive-green; with a reddish lateral band, minute dorsal and sublateral black warty-spots and two lateral rows of larger spots; a slender black hair rising from the former; head black, vertex yellow. Pupa green; with a short anal point and pedal sheath. " Feeds on Ficus, &c." [Thioaites). Genus CADARENA. Forewing elongate, triangular, apex pointed, somewliat subfalcate ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal emitted at nearly half before end of the cell, second and third from angle close to end, third bifid, fifth curved upward from end ; discocellular concave in middle, bent near the ends, radials from the angles ; middle asG THE LEPIBOPTEnA OF CEYLON. mediau from augle close to end of cell, lower at oue-tbird ; submediau recurved, with a slender lower branch rejoining it at one-third its length : hindwing broad, apex obtusely pointed, exterior margin convex ; cell one-third the length, broad ; subcostals from the end ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-fourth ; a submedian and two internal veins. Body rather slender ; palpi porrect, rather broad, pointed in front, third joint concealed, clothed with coarse scales; maxillary palpi oblique, slender; antennce long, thickish, filiform ; legs long, slender, smooth, inner spurs very long, outer short. CADARENA SIHTJATA (Plate 183, Fig. 2,S, 2« larva). Phalcena simiata, Fabricius, Spec. lus. ii. p. 267 (1781); Eat. Syst. iii. 208 (1793). Phalcena Geom. marginata, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 243, pi. 400, fig. 1 (1782). Botys marginalis, SwaiosoD, Zool. lUust. 1st ser. ii. pi. 77, fig. 1 (1821); Guoueo, Delt. et Pyral. p. 343; Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xviii. p. 633. Lemon-yellow : forewing with a broad carmine-red dentate-bordered costal and apical band, and a short streak at the posterior angle : hindwing with a carmine-red apical and dentate subanal marginal broken band. Cilia at the apex carmine. Front of thorax, head, and palpi above carmine-red ; a longitudinal dorsal carmine streak extending from the collar to apex of abdomen; palpi beneath, and legs, whitish ; fore and middle tibias black above. Expanse 11=17 to Ifij inch. "Colombo" {Mnchwood). Larva thick, attenuated anteriorly; green, with a lateral row of white-tipt black dots bordering a slender dark line. Pupa pale green, yellowish beneath ; with a short anal point and pedal sheath. "Feeds on Moduca" {Thwaites). Genus HAPALIA. Ilapalki, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 3oo (1825-7); Stephen?, Illust. Brit. Ent. Haust. iv. p. 417 (1835). Botijs {Hapalia), Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. iu Brit. Mus, p. 241 (I80O). Male. Forewing elongate, rather triangular ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at two-fifths before end of the cell, second and third from angle close to the end, third bifid, fifth from the end; discocellular bent near the ends, concave in middle, radials from the angles ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; submedian straight : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex ; cell one-third the length, broad ; subcostals from the end ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, radial from lower end ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at one-third ; a straight submedian and two internal veins. Body slender. PYBALIDyE. 337 abdomen keeled above ; labial palpi obliquely porrect, projecting half beyond the head, coarsely squamous, pointed in front, third joint short ; maxillary palpi short ; legs long, slender, spurs modei-ately long, unequal ; antennjB finely ciliated. Tijpc, H. flavalis. HAP ALIA DENTICULOSA (Plate 183, Fig. 8). Yellowish-ochreous : forewing with some indistinct ochreous-brown basal spots, an outwardly-oblique undulated antemedial line, an irregular discal denticulated line which is quadrately angulated in the middle, followed by a submarginal denticulated fascia, and marginal points ; the marginal border being more or less suffused with ochreous-brown ; a punctiform orbicular spot, and a pale-centred reniform mark : hindwing with a pale-centred ochreous-brown spot at end of the cell, an irregular angulated denticulated discal line, submarginal fascia, and marginal points ; the maro-inal border being' more or less suffused with ochreous-brown. Cilia cinereous- brown. Sides of thorax, head, palpi above, band on fore femora and tibial ochreous- brown ; palpi beneath and legs white. Expanse 1 inch. Near to H. Dinlasalis, and to II. signitalis, Walker. HAP ALIA JOPASALIS (Plate 182, Fig. II, S)- Boti/s Jojmsalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xviii. p. 6o2 (1859), $ . Boti/s Boteralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. 716 (1859); xix. p. 994. J^uescent-yellow. Male : forewing crossed by a short basal, and an outwardly- oblique curved antemedial purple-brown line, an irregular discal denticulated line, which is bent inward to below end of the cell, and a marginal row of points, the latter being obsolescent hindward ; a punctiform orbicular spot, and a large oval reniform mark ; a slight purple-brown patch at the apex : hindwing with a similar inner line, a denticulated discal line, marginal points, and apical patch. A purple- brown band on tip of palpi, on penultimate segment of abdomen, on fore tibicB, and a spot on tip of femora, two spots on fore trochanter, and one on each femora beneath. Female : with the markings more distinct, but the discal line less acutely denticulated, the apical patches darker : forewing also with an additional oval sub- basal patch ; spots on legs beneath obsolete. Expanse $ 1 inch, ? tV inch. HAP ALIA (?) PLAGIATALIS. Boli/s plarftatalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 673 (1859). " Female. Pale luteous-yellow, shining : forewings slightly rounded at the tips, vor,. HI. X X 338 THE LEPIDOPTEnA OF CEYLON. very oblique along the exterior border ; with four brown patches, one near the base the second by the interior angle, the third opposite the second and near the costa, the fourth subapical, elongate, larger than the others, accompanied along its inner side by the darker submarginal line, which is obsolete hindward ; marginal points brown : hindwings semihyaline, with a brown subapical patch, " Expanse 10 Hues." Bah. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard. HAPALIA FEATERNA (Plate 183, Fig. 9). Pale ochreous-yellow ; wings opalescent : forewing with an indistinct ochreous- brown spot at base of the posterior margin, a recurved antemedial line, an irregular discal dentici;lated line, and a marginal band which is narrowest in its middle ; the discal line quadrately bent outward in its middle and almost macular from the median vein upward ; a large orbicular spot and quadrate reniform mark : hindwing with an ochreous-brown quadrate spot at eud of the cell, an irregular discal denti- culated line which is quadrately angulated in its middle ; and a marginal macular band which is attenuated to anal end. Cilia whitish-cinereous. Front of thorax, head, palpi above, and band on fore tibia3 darker ochreous-yellow; palpi beneath and legs white. Expanse 1-n; inch. Allied to E. MyslsaUs. HAPALIA MARGIN ALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 13). Straw-yellow. Forewing crossed by a black outwardly-oblique waved ante- medial line, a medial and an irregular postmedial denticulated line, followed by a marginal row of black points ; the costal and exterior border suffused with purplish cinereous-brown ; a black dot near base of posterior margin, a punctiform orbicular, and a prominent reniform spot : hindwing with a black spot at end of cell, two interrupted discal denticulated lines, and a marginal row of black points ; apex suffused with purplish cinereous-brown. Abdomen above with two black spots on third basal segment ; fore tibias with a black band. Expanse tu inch. HAPALIA DEDUCTALIS. Bot>/s deductalis, Walkor, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xviii. p. 659 (18.5'J). Cinereous. Wings slightly iridescent; crossed by an obsolescent cinereous- brown discal slightly undulated line: forewing with an obsolescent orbicular and PYRALID^. 339 reniform mark. Head, palpi above, and band on fore tibiae ochreous, palpi beneath and legs white. Expanse $ !•§■ inch. HAPALIA ADMENSALIS. Botys admensalis. Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xviii. p. ('52 (18.59). Brownish-ochreoiis : forewing with a transverse very indistinct blackish curved antemedial line, and an irregular discal denticulated line ; a spot at lower base of the wing, and a black punctiform orl)icular and reniform spot : hindwing with a black spot at end of the cell, and a less distinct discal irregular line. Cilia whitisli. Abdomen with a black dot on each side near the base ; palpi brown above, white beneath ; legs white, fore tibiae with a brown band. Expanse 1| inch. HAPALIA ABLACTALIS. Boti/s ahlactalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 660 (1859). Yellowish-cinereous. Wings semihyaline, opalescent ; marginal line black ; cilia white : forewing with a transverse indistinct outwardly-oblique antemedial cinereous line, an irregular discal line, and a lunule at end of the cell : hindwing with a similar irregular discal line, and lunule at end of the cell. Abdominal segments slenderly edged with white ; palpi beneath and legs white. Expanse tV to 1 inch. HAPALIA TJLTIMALIS. Bofijs uhimidis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 659 (1S59). Olivescent-cinereous : forewing crossed by a darker cinereous curved antemedial line, and an irregular postmedial line, the latter curved inward to below end of the cell ; orbicular and reniform marks forming two obsolescent ringlets : hindwing with a similar irregidar discal line. Palpi brownish above, white beneath ; legs white. Expanse 2 Iru inch. HAPALIA CONCOLOR (Plate 181, Fig. 3). Female. Both wings uniformly cinereous-white, opalescent. Body whitish above ; sides of the thorax, head, and palpi above pale ochreous ; base of paljii, legs, and body beneath white. Expanse Ito inch. HAPALIA ( ?) INTEERUPTALIS. Botys internq^talh, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. HOG (1865). " Pale ochraceons, stout. Wings whitish, iridescent, pale ochraceous at the base; with four zigzag oblique ochraceous here and there brownish-marked lines; X X 2 340 THE LEPIDOrTEIiA OF CEYLON. fii'st line approximate to the second and abbreviated in tlic disc of the hindwing ; third and fourth near the exterior border; marginal lino ochraceous. Forewings acute ; orbicular and I'oniform marks pale-ochraceous, mostly brown-bordered ; exterior border slightly convex, very oblique : abdomen extending much beyond the hind\Yings; legs smooth, stout. " Expanse 16 lines." HAPALIA(?) DIALIS. Bottjs Dialis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 675 (1859). " Pale luteous. Wings with brownish denticulated lines ; exterior line much bent in the middle ; submarginal line diffuse, indistinct ; marginal festoon brownish : forewings slightly acute ; exterior border rather oblique ; reniform mark brown, narrow. "Expanse 8 lines." Hah. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. HAPALIA(?) THAIS ALIS. Botijs Thaisalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. B. M. xviii. p. 674 (1859). " Pale yellowish. Wings with slight incomplete somewhat dotted brownish undulating lines ; exterior border with a brown band, which is undulating on the inner side ; a discal brownish ringlet, which is largest in the forewings, -where it represents the reniform mark. " Expanse 9 lines." Hah. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard. HAPALIA(?) MYBINALIS. Botys Myrinalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 673 (1859). " Female. Pale yellow : hindwings and abdomen more whitish : forewings acute; interior, exterior, and submarginal lines pale brown, slightly undulating, not distinct ; a slight brownish tinge between the submarginal line and the border ; orbicular and reniform marks pale brown, the former punctiform, the latter forming an iri-egular ringlet : hindwings with the lines paler and more indistinct than in the forewings, and partly obsolete. " Expanse 10 lines." Hah. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. B. L. Layard. PYRALlDyE. 341 HAPALIA(?) BREVILINEALIS. Botys hrcvilinealis. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilct. B. M. xviii. p. 674 (I8.:i9). "Male. Testaceous. Wings with slightly undulating brown exterior and submarginal lines ; exterior line darker in front. Forewings with a distinct interior brown line, and with a dark brown dot towards the costa between the interior and exterior lines ; mai-ginal points brown : hindwings with a darker brown interrupted marginal line. " Expanse 9 lines." Hah. Ceylon. Described by J\Ir. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. HAP ALIA (:) CYNARALIS. Botijs Cynaralis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 672 (1859). " Female. Pale yellow. Wings with black submarginal points, and with thi-ee irregular lines composed of brown streaks : hindwings with the lines more incom- plete, and with a cupreous spot near the interior angle. Thorax with three brown spots in front, the middle one double ; abdomen with a blackish dot on each side near the base. " Expanse 10 lines." Hah. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. HAP ALIA (?) ANNULALIS. Botys annulalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 675 (1859). " Pale testaceous. Wings with the interior and exterior lines brown, slender, undulating, festoon-like, with slight interruptions ; space between the exterior line and the exterior border mostly brown ; a brown subcostal ringlet, larger and more diffuse and more remote from the base in the forewings than in the hindwings : forewings with two or three brown points about the linos. "Expanse 8 lines." Hah. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. HAP ALIA (?) NEPHEALIS. Botys Nephealis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 673 (1859). " Male. Testaceous. Wings with a pearly lustre, somewhat ochraceous towards the exterior border, which is brown : forewings ochreous along the costa ; lines brown, slightly undulating; submarginal line abbreviated hindward and con- 342 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. tiguous to a brown streak : hindwings with tlie exterior and submarginal lines brown, incomplete. " Expanse 10 lines." Hah. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in tlie collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. HAP ALIA (?) DRYOPEALIS. Botijs Dri/opealis, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 672 (1859). " Female. Luteous-yellow. Forewings acute ; costa ferrnginous ; exterior border more broadly ferruginous ; interior and exterior lines undulating, denticulated, ferruginous ; orljicular and reniform marks ferruginous ; tbe former small, the latter narrow, joining an exterior diffuse pale spot : hindwings pale yellow ; exterior line and border pale brown, the former indistinct. Abdomen paler ; sides of thorax ferruginous. "Expanse 11 lines." Hab. Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. HAPALIA(?) JANAPALIS. Soli/s Janapalis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xviii. p. 676 (1859). " Female. Brown, moderately stout, with a slight cinei^eous tinge. Wings narrow, with a brown discal ringlet, and with an exterior oblique irregular pale- bordered brown line, composed of cuneate marks. Palpi short, stout, compressed, hardly rising as high as the vertex, third joint conical, not one-fourth the length of second; antennas rather stout; abdomen long, extending half beyond hindwings; legs rather stout. "Expanse 10 lines." Hal). Ceylon. Described by Mr. Walker from specimens in the collection of Mr. E. L. Layard. Genus CIRCOBOTYS. Circohotys, Butlei', Types, Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Part 3, p. 77 (1879). Forewing very long, narrow, and triangular ; costa arched towards end, apex obtusely pointed, almost subfalcate ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at one-fifth before end of the cell, second and third from angles close to end, third bifid, fifth curved upward from the end ; discocellular concave, radials from the ends ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at nearly one-half ; submedian curved near base, with a slender lower recurved branch : hindwing rather long, triangular ; cell one-fourth the length at upper end, one-half at lower end ; sub- PYRALIDuE. 343 costals from beyond end of cell, upper partly joined to costal ; discocellular very oblique, concave at upper end, radial from extended lower end ; two upper medians from end, lower at one-third ; a subracdian and two intei^nal veins. Body slender, abdomen extending half beyond hindwings ; labial palpi porrect, very laxly squamous, rostriform ; maxillary palpi oblique, stout, squamous ; autenuaj slender, setaceous ; legs slender, middle tibife fringed, spui'S long, unequal. Type, C. nycterina. CIRCOBOTYS OCTOGUTTALIS (Plate 182, Fig. 11). Botys octogutlalis, Fekler et Rogeuhoffer, Nov. Voy. Lcp. iv. pi. 135, fig. 38 (187.5), S . Cinereous ochreous-brown : forewing partly ochreous along middle of the costal and exterior border ; with four black-bordered pure white spots, the first being small, the second lai'ge and quadrate, representing the orbicular and reniform, the third oval and situated half-way between the cell and apex, the fourth below the reniform ; these spots are all smaller in the female : hiudwiug with the exterior border broadly ochreous-yellow; an obsolescent inner brown line ending in an ob- solescent yellowish spot at end of the cell ; a marginal row of minute brown points. Body cinereous ochreous-brown ; palpi above blackish ; palpi beneath and legs white ; forelegs with black bands. Expanse c? 2 iV inch. Genus DEBA. Deba, Walker, Catal. Lep. Htt. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1495 (1865). Phycidicera, Snellen, MiJd. Sumatra, Exp. iv. 1; Lep. p. 71 (1880) ; Tijd. voor Eiit. 1880, p. 228; id. 1884, p. 37. Male, Forewing elongate, triangular; cell half the length; first subcostal emitted at two-fifths before end of the cell, second and third approximate, third bifid, fifth from end of cell; discocellular concave, radials from close to the ends ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower about one-third ; submedian slightly curved upward from the base : hindwing short, triangular, exterior margin very oblique, slightly convex ; cell very broad, one-third the length ; subcostaLs from end ; upper partly joined to the costal ; discocellular concave, radial from lower end, two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body stout; thorax with long lax teguloe ; labial palpi stout, erect, squamous, second joint rising to level of the eyes, third joint short, broad, slightly tufted ; maxillary palpi very slender ; antenna stout, contorted, broadly and stoutly bipectinated from the base to about one-fourth the length, the branches being curved, finely serrated thence to the tip, basal joint thick, and with a short thick tuft at base of the shaft ; legs smooth, slender, spurs long, slender. 344 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLO.V. DEBA SURRECTALIS. Deba sun-ectaUs, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxiv. p. 1495 (1865), erdei)sata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiv. p. 1092 (1862). Beceiia posticata, Walker, Catal. Lop. Het. B. M, xxxv. p. 1.557 (186G). Pale ciuereous-brown ; crossed by a pale luteons postmedial line, whicli is obsolescent at the apex of the forewing; a short blackish streak at end of each cell. Palpi and legs dark cinereous-brown. Expanse Itit inch. NOREIA INAMATA (Plate 185, f. 4). AcidaUa inamata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 755 (1861). AcidaUa simpliciaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 793 (1861). Noveia luciferata, Walker, id. xxiv. p. 1093 (1862). Yellowish-testaceous, very sparsely speckled with minute brown scales ; crossed l)y a dark luteous-brown nearly straight narrow discal band ; a brown dot at end of each cell; costal edge of forewing, and the cilice luteous. Antennae luteous-brown from near the base ; palpi luteous. Expanse Ixo inch. Family AMPHIDASIDiE. Moths of Bombyciform appeai-ance. Wings thick, roughly squamous : forewing generally elongated towards the tips, triangular : hindwing short. Body thick, hairy; head small; palpi short; legs short, thick, femora villose ; spurs short; antennae pectinated or plumose in male, setaceous in female. In some genera the female is apterous or with rudimentary wings. Larva looped; with 10 legs ; twig-like; head large. Lives uncovered on trees. Pupa thick, head obtuse, apex acutely pointed ; subterranean. Genus BUZURA. Buzura, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1531 (1862). Foi'ewing long, triangular ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at about one-eighth, bifid near its base, third trifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular inwardly-oblique, concave, radial from its middle; the middle median near end, lower at half before end of cell : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin convex ; cell long, nearly two-thirds the length ; first subcostal very close to end of cell ; discocellular bent above the middle ; the middle median close to end, lower at one-third. Body thick ; palpi porrect, very short, not projected beyond the front, compactly clothed ; antennse stoutly bipectinated to one-third the tip, the branches ciliated ; legs stout, hind til)ia3 incrassated, spurs moderately long. Closely allied to Amphidasis. AMPfflDASrD.E. 407 BUZURA STRIGARIA (Plate 188, Fig. 1, la, S ?, lAckiva). Buzura strigaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 416, S- Male and female. Cinereous-wliite. Wings with numerous sliort transverse black- speckled grey strigjB ; cilia alternated with ochreous : forewing with a waved subbasal and an angulated sinuous discal transverse black-speckled line, both with ochreous-yellow bordering fascia, the latter also with a sinuous-divided cluster of black speckles beyond the angle ; a less defined medial black-speckled ochreous fascia : hindwing with an angulated sinuous discal black line, a waved ochreous medial fascia, an ochreous fascia bordering the discal hne, and an interrupted submarginal similar fascia. Thorax and abdomen with ochreous bands ; front of head, and legs above with black bands. Expanse ^ 2f, 9 3 inches. Larva with 10 legs; elongated; twig-like; with a few fine very short black hairs and minute speckles ; head flat in front ; colour dark green in male, with dusky segmental bands and a slight sublateral longitudinal streak ; spiracles white with red centre and outer ring ; head rough ; anterior prominence and front legs dark purple. Paler green in female, with pale purplish segmental bands and numerous minute black and white speckles. Pupa dark purple-black; head of male with antennal points ; anal segment acute. " Feeds on Cassia auriculata" (Thiuaites). Genus CUSIALA. Allied to Buzura. Forewing shorter, more triangular in shape; hindwing longer; extei'ior margin more convex, scalloped. Body less robust, abdomen keeled above ; antenna in male serrated, and ciliated, to near the end, the cilia3 composed of duplex tufts from each point, shaft broad and coarsely squamous. Type, C. boarmoides.* CUSIALA SUIASASA. Boarmia Sukisasa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 373 (1860), ^ . Male. Whitish, very sparsely irrorated with brown scales^ : forewing crossed by a brown antemedial curved angulated band Both wings also with a similar angulated discal band, and a marginal row of black points. Tip of palpi, and bands on legs brown. Expanse S If inch. * C. boarmoides is a species from Darjeeliug, the male of which is larger than C. Snmsasa ; of darker colour, with a brown bordered inner and discal angulated darker brown line, and submarginal fasciae. 408 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. CDSIALA DISTEKMINATA. Boarmia distcrminnta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 491 (1860), S . Male. Whitis^h. Wings very sparsely irrorated with brown scales ; forewing with a broad medial transverse angulated-bordered brown band : hindwing with a narrow discal angulated brown-speckled band ; some marginal black points on fore- wing towards the apex. Tip of palpi, and bands on legs brown. Expanse Jf inch. This may possibly be a variety of V. suiasasa, CTJSIALA KAPTARIA. Boarmia raptaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 373 (1860), 2 . Wings white, brown-speckled; crossed by a discal black-speckled angulated denticulated line with outer bordering brown-speckled sinuous fascia, and a similar submargiual fascia ; marginal points black : forewing also with an antemedial less defined black-speckled line and bordering fascia. Body brown-speckled ; a band on front of head, tip of palpi, and bands on forelegs dark brown. Expanse 2 inches. FAMILY BOARMIIDJE. Wings alike in colour and markings, most often dentate, not angular. Fore- wing triangular, apex more or less prolonged, obtuse : hindwing rounded, sometimes more dentated than forewing. Body slender; front not prominent nor tufted; palpi porrect or slightly ascending, squamous, occasionally hirsute ; antennre almost always pectinated or strongly ciliated in male, filiform or dentated or rarely pecti- nated in female ; legs rather long, hind tibia3 mostly incrassated and very long. Larva with 10 legs, stick like, without eminences or ordinarily with that on the 12th segment, and two lateral projections on the 6th ; head large, flattened in front. Feeds upon trees, plants, and sometimes on lichens. Pupa thick, acute at the apex ; most frequently buried, sometimes amongst leaves. Genus MEDASINA. Male. Differs from typical Menophra in its much larger size of wings : fore- wing with the costal vein bifid near its end ; first subcostal free in the male, in the female slightly touching the costal above the base of the branch, second trifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular bent below the radial ; middle median near end of cell, lower at two-fifths. Palpi porrect, stout, third joint minute, conical ; antennae very long, broadly bipectinated and ciliated. Tijjje, M. strixaria. BOARMIIDjE. 409 MEDASINA STRIXARIA (Plate 190, Fir.. 1, la^? ?, 1?^ larva). Hemcrophila Siri.mria, Gueiioe, Pbal. i. p. 217 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 318. Male. Brownish-ocbreous. Wings with numerous sliort slender transverse dark brown strigas : forewing paler along the anterior half; the strigaa blackish along base of the costa and exterior border ; crossed by an irregular, angulated very oblique discal black line, which is thickest hindward, and a submargiual pale wavy line, the inner area between which is dark brown from the angle below the apex, and the outer marginal area paler ; a diffuse black spot at end of the cell, and two ]>rown streaks ascending from the posterior margin before the discal line : hindwing with the exterior base free from brown strigce ; a diffuse black spot at end of the cell ; an irregular discal line, and a wavy pale outer-bordered brown submargiual fascia. Abdomen with a slender black band near the base ; front of head, palpi, bands on fore and middle legs, and speckles on hind legs, dark brown. Female more uniformly brownish-ochreous : forewiug with the discal hue slender through- out its length, and witli an indistinct speckled sinuous line across the middle; maroinal luuular line black. Expanse ^ 3, ? 3| inches. Taken at " Dickoya " (Green). Larva with 10 legs ; twig-like ; elongated ; head flat in front ; a slight dorsal pointed prominence on 2Qd segment, and two short conical prominences on 8th, and two or three lateral tubercles on the 6th ; colour olive-brown, numerously covered with dark purple-brown speckles and short longitudinal narrow streaks ; spiracles black ringed. Pupa dark purple-red ; head obtuse, anal segment pointed. " Feeds on Acanthads " {Tlnvaltes). Genus MENOPHRA. Hemcrophila* Stephens, Catal. Brit. lus. ii. p. 125 (1829); id. Illast. Haust. iii. p. 189 (1830) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 315 (I860). Si/nop.tia (part), Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 317. Male. Forewing elongate, triangular ; apex somewhat pointed, exterior margin slightly scalloped ; cell fully half the length ; first subcostal about one-seventh, first and second joined at their base, first slightly touching the costal near the base, third near end of cell, trifid, sixth from end ; discocellular slightly concave and outwardly oblique, radial from the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower nearly one-third : hindwing short, broad ; exterior margin convex, deeply scalloped ; cell half the length ; first subcostal close to end; discocellular outwardly concave ; middle median very close to end, lower about one-thii-d. Body slender; palpi ♦ Used by Hiibner, Tentaraen, p. 2 (180G). VOIi. III. 3 G 410 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. obliquely ascending, laxly squamous, third joint very short, stout ; antennce rather broadly bipectinated to near the tip, ciliated ; legs squamous, hind tibiae incrassated, spurs moderately long, slender. Ttjpe, M. abruptaria. MENOPHRA CANIDORSATA (Plate 187, Fig. 6,S)- HemcropliUa canidorsata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1578 (1866), ? . Ferruginous-brown. Wings numerously covered with darker brown strigfe. Male : forewing crossed by a slender black oblique antemedial and a postmedial irregular line, the former curved inward across the cell, and again to the costa, the latter with a single curve to the costa ; a black spot at end of the cell ; a dark iron- grey interrupted fascia extending from base to below the apex and bordering the outer line below the angle : hindwing with a slender black postmedial line outwardly bordered by a dark iron-grey fascia. Thorax with a dark iron-grey band ; bands on forelegs black. Female with the grey fascia on forewing and abdominal baud paler : hindwing with outer border below the dark fascia pale ochreous. Expanse S Ia, ? 1|- inch. Taken at " Punduloya " {Green). MENOPHRA IMBECILIS (Plate 187, Fig. 7,5). Brownish -white, numerously speckled with dark-brown scales : forewing crossed by a slender black sinuous antemedial and a postmedial line ; a submargiual pale- bordered sinuous dark-brown fascia, and a marginal lunular line ; a black dot at end of the cell : hindwing with a dark brown-speckled medial fascia encompassing a large spot at end of cell ; a slender black discal sinuous line, a dark-brown pale- bordered sinuous submarginal fascia, and a mai'ginal lunular line. Brown-speckled bands on base of abdomen ; legs also brown speckled. Expanse ? It^o inch. Genus NARAPA. Allied to typical Alois (.4. reimndaria). Wings smaller : forewing with the first subcostal about one-eighth, bifid near the base, the first branch anastomosed to the costal for a short distance, third trifid ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly one-half before the end: hindwing short; cell half the length; middle median close to end, lower nearly one-half. Body shorter ; antennae with very broad ciliated branches to near the tip. Tifpe, N. adamata. NARAPA ADAMATA (Plate 187, Fig. 8,c?). Boarniia adamata, Felder et Rogen. Novara Reise, Lep. v. pi. 126, fig. 5, 5a (J (1875).' Male. Cinereous-white. Wings numerously brown speckled : forewing crossed BOARMlIDyE. 411 by a black recurved antemedial line, and a postmcdial denticulated line, beyond whicii is a black-speckled sinuous fascia traversed by a wbite line ; marginal points black ; both lines with a blackish-speckled parallel fascia ; a similar slender sinuous fascia also crossing the middle, each dilated at the costal end ; a cluster of black speckles in middle of the disc : hindwiug with a slight black-speckled medial fascia, a black denticulated dlscal line with bordering fascia, and a submarginal sinuous fascia traversed by a white line ; marginal lunular lino black. Body brown speckled; abdomen with black bands ; palpi, fore and middle legs with black bands. Expanse lyV ii^ch. Taken at " Ballagalla; January" {2Iackwood) ; Dickoya {Green). NARAPA SIMILARIS (Plate 187, Fig. 9,tJ). Darker than N. adamata, with more diffused black-speckled lines and fascia : forewing with the inner line and fascia more oblique ; with a large diffused black cell spot : hiudwing with a distinct smaller spot. Underside ochreous, with broad black marginal band on both wings, and large discal spots. Expanse 1 j% inch. NARAPA UMEEATA (Plate 187, FiCx. 10,,?). Male. Vinaceous umber-brown. Wings sparsely flecked with slender short black striga? ; crossed by a black curved antemedial wavy line, a postmedial angu- lated denticulated line, and a submarginal sinuous black fascia traversed by a white line ; both lines with a black- speckled bordering fascia ; a slender fascia also cross- ing the middle, which encompasses a rounded discal spot ; costal ends of the lines and fascia3 dilated : hindwing with a slight black medial fascia, a slender mark at end of the cell, a denticulated discal line, and submarginal fascia with a white sinuous line ; marginal lunular line black. Thorax and abdomen with a black-speckled band ; a white band at base of the abdomen; palpi, fore and middle legs with black bauds. Expanse IfV to Ixu inch. NARAPA INDISTINCTA (Plate 187, Fig. 5,S). Male. Dusky-brown. Wings crossed by an indistinct black antemedial and an angulated discal line, a submarginal whitish sinuous line, a less defined sub-basal streak, and a medial fascia ; a round speckled spot at end of the cell : hindwing with a slight medial fascia, a black lunule at end of the cell, a curved discal sinuous line, and indistinct whitish submarginal fascia. Tip of palpi, and bauds on fore and middle legs blackish. Expanse ly^ inch. 3 G 2 412 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. Genus BOARMIA. Boarmia Treitsclike, Schmctt. Eur. v. 2, p. 433 (1825), id.yi. 1, p. 187(1827); Curtis, Brit. Eiit. vi. fol. 280 (1829) ; Diipoiicliel, Lep. Fr. vii. pp. 107, 327 (1829) ; Stephens, Illust. Haust. iii. p. 191 (1831). Ectropis, Hiibn. Verz. Sclimett. p. 31G (1825-27). Male. Forewing elongate-trigonate ; cell half the length ; first subcostal at one-eighth, bifid, first sometimes slightly touching the costal near end, third close to end of cell, trifid, sixth from the end ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, concave, radial from the middle; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at two-fifths : hindwing short, exterior margin scalloped ; cell more than half the length, very broad ; first subcostal very close to end ; discocellular bent in the middle ; the middle median very close to end of cell, lower about two-fifths. Body slender; ])alpi obliquely ascending, clothed with long lax hairy scales, third joint minute, almost concealed ; antennse slender, very finely bipectinated to near tip, the branches short, slender, and delicately ciliated; legs squamous, fore tarsi long, hind tibise slightly incrassated, spurs short, slender, hind tarsi nearly as long as hind tibia3. Type, B. cousouaria.* BOARMIA DIFFUSAEIA (Plate 187, f. 11, 5, Plate 188, f. 2, 9 , 2a larva). Boarmia diffusaria, Wallier, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 382 (18G0). Pale brownish-ochreous, the female more cinereous-ochreous ; minutely brown speckled : foi"ewiug crossed by a brown antemedial, and an ill-defined postmedial duplex line with blackish points ; a submarginal sinuous pale-bordered broken fascia, and marginal lunular points ; some black strigas on the costal border : hiud- wing with a brown-speckled ill-defined inner line, a lunule at end of the cell, a den- ticulated discal duplex line, submarginal fascia, and mai'giual lunular line. Palpi and legs with blackish bauds ; abdomen with brown band near the base. Expanse If to 1| inch. Taken at " Kandy ; March " {Machvoud). Larva with lU legs; a slight dorsal prominence on 3rd and 12Lli segment; colour purplish-ochreous, longitudinally flecked with sliort purple-brown streaks in male, and with a lateral line in female. Pupa purple-red, greenish in front. BOARMIA BHURMITRA (Plate 191, Fig. 2, ? ). Boarmia Bhurmitra, Wali^er, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 381 (1860), ?. Boarmia susceptaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1584 (1866), ?. Female. Very pale brownish-ochreous. "Wings speckled with ochreous-brown * Jioboraria was given as the type of Cy.matophoka by Hiibner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806). Punctularia is the type oI'Tei-heusia, Boisd., both being geuerically distiuct from Boarmia. BOARMIIDyE. ^13 scales : forewing crossed by an indistinct brown denticulated antemedial and post- medial line, and an interrupted subraarginal sinuous fascia ; a slight brown-speckled fascia also crosses the middle, vvliicli includes a streak at end of the cell : hmdwmg with a similar medial fascia, discal denticulated line, and submarginal fascia. Expanse 2 to 2^ inches. This maj' probably be a large female of B. ilijfusaria. BOARMIA (?) CEYLONAEIA. Boarmia Ceylonaria, Nietner, Obs. on the Enemies of the Coffee-tree in Ceylon, p. 23 (ISGl). " Wings yellowish-grey, marbled with brown. " Expanse less than 2 inches. " Larva feeds upon the Coffee-tree ; colour when young, dark, when older light- orey, marked with dark patches and stripes along the sides " {Nietner). " Eah. Ceylon." BOARMIA (?) EXCLUSARIA. Boarmia exclusaria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 490 (1860), $ . " Female. Brownish fawn colour. Head and front of thorax brown. Wings speckled with brown ; interior line composed of blackish points ; middle line brown, diffuse, oblique, nearly straight ; exterior line blackish, denticulated ; submarginal line dingy whitish, irregular, denticulated, partly and diffusedly bordered with brown. Forewing hardly denticulated: hindwing distinctly denticulated, whitish, and speckled with brown interiorly, brown exterioi'ly. " Expanse 20 lines." In coll. E. L. Layard. BOARMIA (?) DIFFLUARIA. Boarmia diffluariu, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 490 (18G0), ? . " Female. W^hitish ; minutely speckled with brown. Wings more speckled exteriorly, brownish about the exterior border ; the three usual lines brown,undulating, denticulated ; two regularly denticulated lines near the exterior border. Forewing with the exterior and submarginal lines reflexed towards the costa ; discal mark in- dicated by a black point, apparent also beneath and corresponding to a like point on the underside of the hindwing. "Expanse 16 lines." In coll. E. L. Layard. Genus PSEUDANGERONA. Male. Wings comparatively short : forewing triangular ; cell half the length ; costal vein bifid near the end ; first subcostal near end of the cell, slightly touching the branch of costal above its base, second trifid, fifth from end of cell ; discocellular 411 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median near end of cell, lower at nearly half : hindwing broad, exterior margin very convex ; cell about half the length ; first subcostal and middle median both near end of cell, lower median about half. Body moderately stout ; palpi obliquely ascending, reaching to near level of eyes, compactly clothed, third joint minute ; antennge bi'oadlj'' bipectinated to one-third the tip, the branches ciliated ; legs smoothly scaled, spurs short. Tyjpe, P. separata. PSEUDANGERONA SEPARATA (Plate 202, Fig. 8, S). Boarmia separata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 381 (ISGO), (J. Boarmia retractaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. x.xi. p. 386 (1860), c?. Boarmia intectaria, Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1.533 (1862). Testaceous. Wings with numerous short dusky-brown transverse strigse, which are confluent and thickly disposed obliquely across the lower half of forewing and across the subbasal area of the hindwing, and also across the submargin of the latter wing, thus forming a broad oblique fascia across both wings, and a submarginal fascia on the hindwing. Both wings also with a slender blackish transverse discal sinuous line, and a dusky brown cell lunule with pale centre. Tip of palpi, abdomen, and bands on fore and middle legs dusky brown. Expanse lA inch. Genus CATORIA. Male. Forewing comparatively shorter and broader than in C3anatophora, Boarmia and Alcis ; the apex less produced and somewhat rounded ; cell shorter ; costal vein bifid near its end ; first subcostal about one-tenth, joined to middle of the costal branch, second close to end of cell, trifid, fifth from the end of cell ; disco- cellular concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median near end of cell, lower at one-half : hindwing short ; exterior margin almost even, convex ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal close to end ; discocellular outwardly-concave ; middle median at one-fifth, lower nearly half. Body short, rather stout ; palpi obliquely projected in front, la.xly clothed beneath, apex conical ; antennae broadly bipectinated to one-third the tip, the branches very long and finely ciliated ; legs long, more slendfr than in above genera, spurs long, slender. Tijpe, C. sublavaria. CATORIA SUBLAVARIA (Plate 190, Fig. 2, 2a j , ? ). Boarmia sublavaria, Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 25G (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 378. Wliite, numerously flecked with olivesccat-grey scales ; crossed by an ante- medial, medial, postmedial and a submarginal recurved row of blackish points, which are more or less distinct, each row being indistinctly bordered by a contiguous BOAEMIID^. 415 olivescent-grey sinuous fascia ; a dot at end of each cell ; and a marginal row of points. Underside blackish-cinereous, the outer borders darker, and with three whitish marginal patches ; a large rounded black spot at end of each cell. Expanse 1|- inch. CATORIA PROCURSAEIA (Plate 191, Fig. 3). Boarmia procursaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 375 (1860). Brownish-white, numerously speckled with minute brown scales ; wings crossed by an antemedial and a postmedial slender blackish denticulated line, two zigzag submarginal less distinct lines, and a marginal row of points ; a large black round spot with whitish centre at end of each cell. Front of head, and palpi ochreous- brown ; front legs brownish. Underside with the cell spots more distinct ; a blackish subapical patch on each wing. Expanse If inch. Genus CHOGADA. Xearest to typical Alcis {A. reparidaria). Forewing comparatively narrower and longer ; outer margins less uneven ; more oblique ; venation similar, excepting that the first subcostal is emitted further from end of the cell. Body shorter, stouter ; palpi larger, more distinctly separated, third joint longer, distinct, clavate; antennae longer, with much longer ciliated branches to one-third the tip, the branches being curved inward beneath. Ti/pe, 0. alienaria. This genus comprises a large and widely distributed group of species, which are distinguishable at a glance from its allies by the peculiarity of the pattern of the markings on both upper and under sides, and the possession of a prominent, mostly tridentate, whitish cell spot on both wings. CHOGADA ALIENARIA (Plate 191, Fig. 1, la. $ q IS. larva). Boarmia alienaria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 370 (1860), (J. Boannia gelidaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1537 (1862), ?. Male. "Whitish. Wings crossed hj an inwardly-oblique slender black ante- medial line and a sinuous postmedial line, the latter angulated outward near upper end ; the basal area thickly brown-speckled, the outer area crossed by two brown- speckled sinuous fasciae, between which is a blackish fascia traversed by a sinuous white line ; marginal lunules black ; a tridentate white-centred black mark at end of each cell ; middle area also slightly brown speckled. Thorax brown speckled ; a black band near base of abdomen ; palpi, and fore and middle legs with brown bands. Female with basal, and outer brown fasciae less defined. Expanse 1|- to If inch. 416 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. Larva with 10 legs ; green ; with two purple-brown biconical dorsal promi- nences on sixth segment and two dorsal white spots on twelfth segment ; head and legs pale purple-red ; anterior and anal segments in male laterally black-speckled, spiracles black ringed. Pupa red, greenish in front. "Feeds on Cinnamomea, &c." {Tluraifes). CHOGADA INJECTARIA. Boarmia injectaria, Walker, Cutal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 376 (1S60), ?. Boarmia siihlectaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1,535, (1862), ^. Cinereous-brown, speckled with minute black scales. Wings crossed by an inwardly-oblique, undulated, angulated, slender black postmedial line, a less defined medial speckled fascia, which encompasses a large ovate diffused cell spot, and a sulimarginal zigzag speckled fascia traversed by a jjale line : forewing also with an antemedial similar slender Ijlack line. Palpi brown ; fore and middle legs with brown bands. Expanse l^^ inch. Genus SERRACA. Wings comparatively shorter than in Chogada. Forewing triangular, with the costal vein bifid near the end ; first subcostal near end of cell, touching the costal branch in the middle, second trifid ; discocellular concave ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at one-half : hindwing dentated ; first subcostal close to end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave ; middle median close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths. Antenna3 with shorter branches ; palpi smaller, third joint very short, obtuse. SERRACA TRANSCISSA (Plate 190, Fig. 3, 3a <3 ? ). Boarmia tmnifcissa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi. p. 380 (1S60), S. Boarmia lineataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxxv. p. 1585 (1866), ); Boisd. Ind. Mctli. p. 179 (1840); Steph. Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 169 (1850); Lederer, Vers. Eur. Span. p. 24 (1853); Gueuee, Ph.al. i. p. 343 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxii. p. 506. Hipparchus, Leacli, Ediii. Euc. ix. p. 134 (1815); Samoueilc, Eiit. U. C. p. 253 (1819); Curtis, Brit. Eut. vii. fol. 300 (1830) ; Stephens, 111. B. Eut. Haiist. Ill, p. 178 (1831). Holothahissis, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Sclimett. p. 285 (1818-25). Forewing moderately long, triangular; costa slightly arched towards end, apex acute, exterior margin oblique, convex ; cell half the length ; first subcostal near the end, second approximate, quadrifid, sixth from the end ; discocellular deeply concave, radial from above the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower at fully two-fifths : hindwing broad, short, exterior margin convex, slightly scalloped ; cell nearly half the length ; first subcostal close to end ; disco- cellular bent above the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at fully two-fifths. Body moderately slender; palpi porrect, narrow, second joint projecting beyond the front, very laxly clothed, third joint about one- third the length of second, slender, squamous ; antenute in male bipectinated, the branches stout, ciliated ; legs rather stout, squamous, hind tibise thickened, spurs moderately long, slender. Ti/pe, G. papilionaria. GEOMETKA SPECULARIA (Plate 194, Fig. 1, $ la larva). Geometra fpecidaria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 342 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 514 (1861). Bright green ; cilia paler : forewing with traces of a darker discal sinuous line ; a small black lunular spot at end of the cell : hindwing with traces of a darker discal sinuous line ; a small purplish-ochreous basal spot, and an irregular angulated- bordered transverse discal fascia enclosing a small black spot at end of the cell, the centre of the fascia being brighter coloured. Vertex and basal joint of antennae white ; front of head and palpi above ferruginous ; legs white with dark-brown terminal bands ; antennae green. Expanse 2 inches. Larva with 10 legs ; looped ; slender ; head bifid ; a conical prominence on 12th segment; colour green; head and front legs pale purplish-red and darker vol;. III. 3 I 426 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. spotted. Pupa rather narrow, tliorax very oblique; green; abdominal segments with minute darker speckles ; spiracles pink. ■ Genus THALASSODES. Thalassodes, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 359 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 547 (1861). "Wings delicate, almost semi-transparent : forewing triangular, rather short and broad; apex pointed; cell fully half the length; first subcostal close to end of cell, second with five branches, the sixth being thrown off from beyond base of second ; discocellular bent above and below the middle, radial from upper angle ; two upper medians from a footstalk at a short distance beyond the cell, lower fully two-fifths : hindwing short, broad, quadrate ; apex pointed ; cell one-third the length at upper end, half at the lower end; two subcostals at half beyond the cell; disco- cellular very obhque, bent above and below the middle, radial from upper angle ; two upper medians at one-fourth beyond the cell, lower one- third before the end. Body slender ; palpi straight, laxly clothed beneath, second joint in male extending a little beyond the head, third joint slender ; in female both joints longer ; antennae long, in male broadly bipectinated to one-third the tip, branches slender and laxly ciliated, incumbent; antennas in female filiform; legs slender, smooth, hind tibite not thickened, two pairs of short spurs. (T. cUssita and quadraria.) Type, T. pilaria, Guen. THALASSODES DISSITA (Plate 194, Fig. 2?, la larva). Geometra dissita, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 519 (1861). Glaucescent-green. Wings with numerous short slender transverse indistinct chalybeous-white strigas, and a similar indistinct transverse discal slightly sinuous line, which is bent opposite the marginal angle on the hindwing. Shaft of autennse and vertex white ; front of head, tip of palpi, and forelegs above pale ochreous- brown, palpi, body and legs beneath white. Expanse 1-h to liir inch. Larva with 10 legs; looped; slender; head bifid; a pointed prominence on 12th segment; colour reddish above, greenish beneath ; legs red. Pupa pinkish, greenish in front ; thoi'ax and abdomen minutely black-speckled. " Feeds on Barringtonia " {Thwaites). THALASSODES IMMISSARIA. Thalassodes immissaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 553 (1861). " Male. Pale dull green, suffused with pale luteous. Wings with almost obsolete transverse whitish streaks, and with minute black marginal points : hind- GEOMETRIDuE. 427 ■wings with an obtuse angle behind the middle of the exterior border. Cilia whitish at the base, the angles well defined. Antennge slightly pectinated to beyond half the length. '* Expanse 16 lines." In Coll. E. L. Layard. THALASSODES LEUCOSPILOTA (Plate 194, Fig. 4 <^). Pale green. Wings crossed by a discal row of indistinct chalybeous- white dentate spots, the lowest on each wing being large and more distinct : forewing with a similar oblique subbasal series. Cilia purplish-cinei'eous, with a white spot at end of the veins. Front of head green ; palpi, and forelegs above pale ochreous, abdominal tuft ochreous ; body and legs beneath, and antennas ochreous-white. Expanse lf%- inch. THALASSODES NANDA. Thalassodes Nanda, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 552 (1861), $ . " Pale testaceous. Wings with two white denticulated lines, which are nearly parallel to the exterior border, and are bordered with slightly deeper green than the ground colour. Vertex white. " Expanse 8 lines." THALASSODES RUBROLIMBATARIA (Plate 195, FiG. 5). Ammirinia ruhroUmhataria, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 386 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 603. Thalassodes diserta, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 553 (1861), ?. Thalassodes simpliciaria, Walker, id. p. 553. Pale green. Wings with a scarlet marginal line. Front of head, and forelegs above brownish ; body and legs beneath white. Expanse -f^ inch. THALASSODES ? CHLOEOZONARIA. Thalassodes chlorozonaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 554 (1861). " Male. Reddish fawn colour. Wings moderately broad ; an obHque greenish broad reddish-bordered band : forewings slightly acute ; a blackish dot near the tip of the costa ; the band dilated exteriorly in front, abruptly retracted towards the costa, including a whitish reddish-bordered ringlet ; costa hardly convex ; exterior border moderately oblique. Palpi and antennge as in T. albannularia. Thorax and fore part of abdomen greenish. " Expanse 13 lines." In Coll. E. L. Layard. 3 I 2 428 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. Genus THALERA. Thalera, Hiibiier, Vciz. Ijtk. Schmett, p. 285 (1818-25) ; Stephens, Catal. Brit. Lep. B. M. p. 225 (1850); Lcderer, Veis. Eur. Spaa. p. 25 (1853); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 592 (1861). Forewiug short, triangular ; apex acute ; cell nearly half the length ; first and second subcostals from end of tlie cell, second quadrifid, sixth also from the end ; discocellular deeply concave, radial fi'om above the middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third : hindwing quadrate ; exterior margin slightly sinuous, angular in the middle ; two subcostals from one-fourth beyond the cell ; discocellular bent above the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians at one-fourth beyond the cell, lower at one-fifth before the end. Body slender; palpi obliquely-ascending, laxly clothed beneath, third joint half the length of second, cyli)idrical ; autenna3 in male serrated, the points ciliated ; legs long, slender, smooth, hind tibiaj long, thickened, with a terminal pair of spurs only in male, with two pairs in female. Tijpe, T. Thymiaria. THALERA COSTIPUNCTATA (Plate 195, Fig. 4). Dull glaucescent-green. Cilia cinereous-white. Wings with a very indistinct transverse discal row of whitish points, and a marginal row of white j^oints : fore- wing with black streaks along the costal edge, and with traces of a whitish inner lunular line. Front of head, palpi, and forelegs above brownish ; shaft of autennie and vertex ochreous-white. Expanse xo inch. THALERA ACUTISSIMA (Plate 196, Fig. 7). Tlialera aciitissima, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 596 (1861). Olivaceous glaucescent-green. Wings with a transverse very indistinct whitish discal line, and an indistinct whitish marginal line ; cilia pale yellowish ; caudal angle of hindwing with a few blackish speckles. Vertex whitish; front of head, and palpi above bi'own ; body and legs beneath whitish. Expanse Ifg inch. THALERA FLAVIFUSATA (Plate 194, Fig. 3, S , 3a larva). Thalera flavifiisata. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 596 (1861). Green. Wings crossed by a slender reddish denticulated discal line, and a purple red lunular marginal line ; cilia pale purplish ; a small brown spot at end of each cell : f orewing also with traces of an inner denticulated line. Shaft of antennae and vertex white ; front of head, tip of palpi, and legs above pale brown ; body and legs beneath whitish. GEOMETBIDJE. 429 Expanse i'ilerer, Gueueo. Forewing triangular ; apex obtuse; cell balf the length; first and second sub- fostals from end of cell, second with five branches, the sixth being thrown off from the second at some distance beyond its base ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, radial from above the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower at two-fifths : Uindwing short ; exterior margin convex ; cell half the length ; two subcostals at half beyond the cell ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, bent outward above the middle, radial from above the angle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one- fourth. Body slender ; palpi porrect, projecting half beyond the head, squamous, hairy beneath, third joint cylindrical ; antennte broadly bipectinated to near tip, the branches finely ciliated ; legs slender, squamous, hind tibite, with a tuft of scales extending beyond tht^ tip, with four spurs. Tijpe, C. bajularia. COMIB^NA DISPANSA. Comihana clispansa, Walker, Catal Lep. Ilet. I!. M. xxii. p. 574 (1851), ?. Green. Wings with a silvery-white purple-red bordered narrow marginal band, which is slightly dilated and prolonged from the angle of the posterior margin on the forewing : forewing with the costal border silvery-white and minutely speckled with purple-red scales ; a red-bordered silvery-white spot at upper end of cell and a smaller spot at its lower end; a small red-speckled spot also below end of cell on the hindwing. Body above green ; body and legs beneath white. Expanse -fs inch. COMIB^NA PANNOSA (Plate 195, Fio. 1, la, 5 ?, 16 larva). Comiknia dei-txata* (var.), Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 574, $. Green. Wings with traces of a paler sinuous discal line ending on the pos- terior margin of each wing in a purplish-red point; a slender dentated purple- red marginal line ; a similar-coloin-ed grey-scaled large wavy-bordered oval patch at the posterior angle of forewing and a smaller triangular patch at apex of hindwing, the patch on forewing of male pale centred ; forewing with the costal edge Avhitish and speckled with red ; a minute blackish dot at end of each cell. Cilia with purplish-red points. Shaft of antennae and vertex white; front of head, palpi and forelegs above ochreous-brown ; body, palpi and legs beneath white; abdomen above purplish-red, with whitish bands. * Tlie true C. devcj-ata is figii!ed on Plate 197, Fig. 5, from a drawing of the type speeiinen in the Saunderfian CoUectiou. It ib quite a distinct species, auJ is found only in N.li. India. VOL. III. ^ ^ 434 ■ THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. Larva with 10 legs; slender, twig-like; gTeen ; spiracles black; 2nd and 12th segment with a pointed prominence ; head and legs reddish. Pupa green ; abdo- minal segments minutely black-speckled. " Feeds on Loranthus " (Thioaites). COMBI^NA DIVAPALA (Plate 195, Fig. 2, q 2a larva). Comihixna divapala. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 5"o (1861), ?. Dark green. Costal border, a broad patch at the posterior angle, and an angulated white-bordered broad marginal band on the hindwing pale ferruginous, each thickly speckled with dark brown. Cilia pale ferruginous and brown -speckled. Forewing also with a transverse discal sinuous indistinct white line, the lower end of which borders the posterior patch ; two submarginal rows of small ferruginous-white points, a cluster of greyish scales at end of the cell ; and at base of the hindwing a cluster of white scales. Thorax, vertex, and front of head green ; abdomen pale ferruginous and brown-speckled ; tip of palpi, and bands on fore and middle legs ferruginous ; body and legs beneath white. Expanse 1t% inch. Larva with 10 legs, looped, short ; the segments subdorsally protuberant; 12th segment with a conical protuberance ; colour olivaceous-green, anterior and posterior segments purplish-brown. Pupa greenish-brown, thickly covered with minute purple-brown speckles. " Feeds on Myrtus" {ThwaUea). COMIB.a;NA SEMIALBA (Plate 196, Fig. 1, q , \a larva). Comihccna scmialba, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 601 (1861). Dark green : forewing with a white dentated discal fascia, and a submarginal dentated line, the points of which extend to end of the veins ; marginal dots dark green ; costal border blotched with purplish cinereous-brown scales ; a slight subbasal fascia composed of white scales : hindwing with the outer half white, encompassing a discal series of conical green spots and a submarginal line ; marginal spots greenish- black, cilia whitish. Thorax green ; head brown ; abdomen and legs whitish. Expanse 1^ inch. Larva with 10 legs; 2nd, 3rd, and 5th segment with short subdorsal protuber- ances, and 7th and 8th segment with longer pointed protuberances, the jjosterior segment with a point ; colour olive-green, brown-speckled, anterior and posterior segments pale purplish-brown; a double brown line along the back. Pupa greenish, thickly covered with minute j^urple-brown speckles. "Feeds on Loranthus" (Thwaites). GEOMETRIDJE. 435 COMIB^NA BIPLAGIATA. hiphvjiata, Wiilker, MS. Coll. Brit. Mils. Green : forcwing with a transverse angulated antemedial wliite line, a post- medial line, and a submarginal lunular line, the two former lines bent outward below the median, and the outer line between upper and middle median ; a white line also extending from the angle of inner to discal hue, and the veins between the diseal and outt r line also white ; posterior angle purplish-red with black speckles : hind- wing with a white discal line, which is bent outward at the discocellular and joins a wavy submarginal line ; a large purplish-red black-speckled patch at the apex, and a smaller one at anal angle. Thorax and abdomen with Avhite bands; shaft of antennce, vertex, palpi, legs and body beneath white ; front of head partly green and white ; fore tibijB with a brown-speckled band. Expanse Ito inch. Allied to C. partita, Walker. Genus BERTA. S.rt„, Walker, Catul. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xxvi. p. 1621 (18G2). Male : forewing rather short, costa arched, exterior margin very slightly oblique ; cell less than half the length ; first subcostal from end of cell, five-branched, the sixth also from the end ; discocellular outwardly-oblique, bent above the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third : hindwing short, broad ; exterior margin sinuous, angular ; cell less than half the length ; two subcostals at one-fourth from beyond the cell ; discocellular outwardly oblique, bent above the middle, radial from the angle ; two upper medians a short distance beyond end of cell, lower near the end. Body slender; palpi porrecb, slender, second joint extending beyond the head, third joint linear, less than half length of second; antennas broadly bipectinated to half the length, the branches long, ciliated ; legs smooth, slender, hind tibiae thickened, with four slender spurs. BERTA CHEYSOLINEATA (Plate 196, Fig. 4). Berta chrysoHneafa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvi. p. 1621 (1862). Olive-green. Wings with a basal cluster, a medial, submarginal, and a marginal row of irregular-shaped large white spots. Cilia alternated with white. Abdomen with whitish bands ; vertex white ; head, palpi above and forelegs brownish ; body and legs beneath white. Expanse 1 inch. BERTA GAVISSIMA (Plate 196, Fig. 6, ^). Comibcena (/aviisima, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. .575 (1S61). Pale green. Wings crossed by three basal, two submarginal, and a marginal 3 ic 2 436 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. row of white dentate spots, and a narrow medial zigzag band, wliicli is absorbed at the costal end in a large yellowish-bordered purplish patch, and is posteriorly bordered by purplish-red, this colour also bordering the baud across the hindwing. Cilia green, alternated with white. Abdomen above with white spots ; thorax green; vertex aud front of head partly green and white; palpi, legs, and body beneath white; forelegs and tarsi with brown bands. Expanse lA inch. Genus MAXATES. Forewing triangular ; exterior margin acutely deutated ; cell two-fifths the length ; first subcostal close to end, second from the end, quadrifid, sixth also from the end ; discocellular inwardly-oblique, bent above the middle, concave below, the radial from angle ; two upper medians from a short distance beyond end of cell, lower at nearly half before the end : hindwing very short, prolonged hind ward, ex- terior margin acutely deutated, somewhat caudate in the middle ; cell nearly half the length; two subcostals at oue-fifth beyond the cell; discocellular outwardly -oblique, bent above the middle, radial from the angle; two upper medians at one-fourth beyond the cell, lower at one-third before the end. Cilia ample. Body slender ; palpi porrect, second joint extending two-thirds beyond the head, third cylindrical, one- third the length of second in male, nearly as long as second in female ; antennas very l^roadly bipectinated to one-third the tip, branches ciliated; legs slender, hind tibias with two pairs of slender spurs. MAXATES C^LATARIA (Plate 196, Fig. 2S, 2a?). Thalassodes avlataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 552 (1861), S . Dark a-reen : forewins^ with a testaceous costal band, which is angled and dentated on the middle of its lower edge ; a testaceous patch at the posterior angle : hindwing with a narrow apical and broad anal testaceous patch. The band and patches with a few short transverse black strigjB. Both wings crossed by a slender white sinuous discal line, that on the hindwing broadly dilated at its costal end ; marginal line slender, black. Cilia testaceous. Thorax green ; abdomen testaceous ; shaft of antenna? and vertex testaceous-white ; front of head, tip of palpi, and fore- legs above ochreous-brown ; body and legs beneath ochreous-white. Expanse c? Ito, ? li'o inch. Genus AGATHIA. Afjathia, Gneoee, Phal. i. p. 380 (1857); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 589 (1861 Wings broad : forewing rather short, triangular ; cell less than half the length ; first subcostal at one-sixth, second from angle close to end, quadrifid, sixth from the end ; discocellular concave, radial from above the middle ; the middle median GEOMETRIDJE. 437 very close to end, lower at two-fiftlis : himlwing short, exterior margin dentate, sub- caudate ; cell nearly half the length; two subcostals from the end; discocellulai- concave, radial from above tlie middle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body slender, abdomen with small dorsal tufts ; palpi slender, obliquely-porrect, extending some distance beyond the head, third joint about half length of the second in male, nearly as long as the second in female; antennae simple; legs smooth, hind tibiaj Avith two pairs of spurs. Type, A. lycEenaria. AGATHIA LiETATA (Plate 197, Fic 1, \n,$ ?, \b larva). Phalcnna Icctata, Fabricius, Eat. Svst. iii. 2, (i. IGl (179i). Afjathia catenaria, VValkei-, Catal. Lep. Ilet. li. .\.\ii. p. 590 (1861). Bright green. Wings with a broad purplish-red wavy-bordered marginal baud, enclosing a green indentated apical patch on the forewing and an oval patch on middle of the exterior margin of hindwiug; the band with a few slender indistinct black flecks and traversed by a parallel indistinct cinereous line ; the subcaudal angle dark red. Costal border of forewing and the extreme base also purplish-red. Cilia pale purplish-red with darker vein points. Front of thorax green ; hind part of thorax, abdomen above, shaft of antennte, vertex, front of head, tip of palpi, and fore tibiaj above purplish-red; palpi and body beneath whitish; legs brownish- white. Expanse cT ? 1-^,^ inch. Larva with 10 legs; looped; with prominences on 2nd and 12th segments ; colour green. Pupa yellowish-green above, green beneath, abdominal segments black-speckled. "Feeds on Nerium oleander" {Tlnraitcs). AGATHIA INTERCISSA. Aijatliia inierdssa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Hot. I'.. M. xxil. p. 592 (1861). Vivid green : forewing with a short basal, an interrupted medial and a discal pale purplish-red dentated band, and a narrow marginal deutated line ; costal border and a spot at the apex also purplish-red : hindwiug with a discal dentated interrupted band, a narrow marginal line with blackish outer points, and a lai-ge dark purple-red subcaudal spot. Cilia whitish with purplish-red spots. Thorax and base of abdomen green; tip of abdomen, vertex, front of head, tip of palpi, and forelegs above purplish-red ; palpi and body beneath and legs white. Expanse IfV inch. 438 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. AGATHIA MAGNIFICA (Plate 197, Fir,. 4,?). Aijiithia mwjnifira, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 416. Brio-lit o-rceu. Wings with a purplish-red undulated bordered marginal baud, enclosiug a lai-ge indentated oval apical green patch and three separated lower inarginarsjjots on the forewing, and on the hindwing a large oval medial marginal green patch; the subcaudal angle with a white spot; the band inwardly traversed by a slight grey line : forewing also wnth a transverse medial undulated uniformly narrow purplish-red band and a short band at the extreme base ; costal border also purplish-red. Cilia purplish-cinereous with darker vein points. Thorax above, and dorsal bands on abdomen green ; vei-tex, antenna?, front of head, abdomen at sides and ti]i, palpi and forelegs above purplish-red ; palpi and body beneath and legs brownish-white. Expanse ? It^ inch. AGATHIA HEMITHEARIA (Plate 197, Fig. 3, ?). .\;l„t]iia Hanithcaria, Giiciiee, I'lial. i. p. 3,si (1^57); Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 590 (1861). Brio-ht green. Wings with a very broad purplish-red marginal band, which is indentated on its inner edge below the radial and below the lower median, and encloses an indentated quadrate apical green patch and two small paler spots below it on the forewing, and on the hindwing a large oval medial marginal green patch ; a white streak at subcaudal angle : foi-ewing also with a transverse medial deeply undulated narrow purplish-red band, a short basal band, and a costal band. Thorax, and dorsal spots on base of abdomen green ; vertex, antennaj, front of head, tip of palpi, forelegs and abdomen above purplish-red ; palpi and body beneath, and legs brownish-white. Expanse S Its, 5 1t% inch. Family PALYAD^. Wings well developed, smooth ; cilia short. Antenna? very long and slender, rarely ciliate or pectinate ; palpi well developed, ascending. Body slender, abdomen long, smooth ; legs long, very slender, hind tibia? not thickened. Lnrva unknown. Genus EUMELEA, .E !««(>?<•((, Wept wood, Duncan's, Nat. Libr. E.'^ot. Motlis, p. 215 (lt>41) ; Giu'tiee, Plial. i. p. 391 (1857) ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 609 (186S). Amelris U'*''). Iliiljuor, Veiz. Bek. Sclimett. p. 303. Forewinsr elonirated, trianrrular ; costa somewhat arched towards the end, apex acute, slightly falcate, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell half the length ; first subcostal at one-eighth, touching the costal near its end, second approximate, anas- PA L )'.! DyE. 439 toraosed to middle of tlie first, third from end of cell, trifid, sixtli also from tlie cud ; discocellular bent in the middle, concave at each end, radial from the angle ; middle median close to end, lower at one half : hindwing triangular, apex convex, exterior margin very oblique, anal angle prominent; cell two-fifths the length; two sub- costals at one-fifth beyond end of the cell ; discocellular undulated, radial from the middle ; the middle median close to end of cell, lower fully one-half. Cilia short. Body long, slender; palpi slightly ascending, rather broad and compressed, clothed •with short lax hairs above and beneath, third joint short, linear in male, slender in female; antennas very long and slender, smooth in both sexes; legs long, very slender, tarsi very long, fore tibife with a small tuFt, hind tilji* of inilo finoly pilos3 beneath, spurs very long and slender. Type, E. rosalia. EUMELEA LTJDOVICATA (Plate 198, Fig. 1, \n, $ 3 ). Eumeha Ludovkata, Gueuee, Phal. i. p. 393 (IS.")?); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 610 (1861). Eumelea rosalia, Westwooil, Duncan'.^ Nat. Libr. E.Kot. :M()tlis, p. 215, pi. 29, f. 4 {luc. Cramer). Golden yellow. Wings in male numerously covered with purple-red short transverse strigje, which are thickest and form more or less confluent blotches on the basal and medial areas ; a more prominent purple-red discal fascia, the veins crossing which are lined with purplish-black ; sometimes there is also a less defined similar medial fascia ; the costa of forewing also with short purple-black strigas ; marginal line dark purple-red, cilia paler. Female with the strigte more uniformly disposed and narrower throughout ; the forewing with the discal, medial, and a less apparent antemedial fascia. Collar, a line on the vertex, front of head, palpi above, speckles on femora and tibice above, and on abdomen, and antennjB above purple-red. Expanse 2 to 2f inches. ETJMELEA VULPERARIA (Plate 198, Fig. 2, S). Phal. Geometra vulperaria, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. p. 21-5, pi. 400, f. O. P. (1782). Ametris vulperaria, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 303. Eumelea vulperaria, Gucnee, Plial. i. p. 393; Walker, Catal Lep. llet. B. M. xxii. p. 611. Phalaena gravidata, Fabricius, Eut. Sjst. iii. 2, p. \7o (1794). Male and female. Olivaceous-ochreons. Wings with numerous uniformlv disposed slender short transverse purple-red strigte : forewing crossed by three more or less distinct purple-red narrow bands, and hindwing with a simiLir narrow medial band and a broader submarginal strigose fascia ; the extreme apex of hindwing 4-10 THE LEriDOFTKRA OF CEYLON. bright yellow ; marginal line and cilia purple-red. Body and legs with purple-red speckles. Expanse 1-| to 2 inches. EUMELEA AURELIATA (Plate 19S, Fig. 4, 4^, ^ ? ). Eumehn aweUata, Giienee, Piial. i. p. 394, pi. 22, tig. 6 (18.-)7) ; Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 611 (1861). Golden yellow. Wings with numerous irregularly-disposed golden-red speckles, which are more or less flecked vnth. purple ; crossed by a medial and discal more or less formed dark purple blotched broken fascia with accompanying darker vein streaks ; the blotched portions on the forewing generally larger towards the upper eud of discal and lower end of the medial fascia, and on the hindwing at upper end of the medial fascia ; similar dark subbasal blotches on both wings ; marginal line dark pui'ple, cilia paler. Body and legs with dark purple fieckles. Expanse 2 1|, S 2^ inches. EUMELEA FIAVATA (Plate 198, Fig. 3, ? ). Golden-yellow. Wiugs with numerous regularly-disposed golden-red speckles : forewing crossed, as in E. viilperaria, by three, and hindwing by two purple-brown bauds, the outer band on both wings being broken aud of a more purple-red colour, especially that on the hindwing, and with darker vein streaks; marginal line golden- red ; cilia pale pui pie. Body and legs with golden-red speckles. Expanse 2 inches. Genus COCYPARIS. Cori/paris, Walker, Calal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xxvii. p. 1.^72 (1SG2). Bidliithu, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilel. ?>. M. xxxiv. p. 1214 (ISOo). Forewing somewhat oval ; costa arched, apex convex ; a small dense compact tuft of metallic black scales on middle of the jjosterior margin ; cell more than half the length ; first subcostal at two-fifths, second at one-fifth, bifid, fouii-h from angle close to end, bifid, the fourth anastomosed to third from near its base to near its end, sixth from end of cell; discocellular concave, radial from near lower end; middle median close to end, lower at fully two-fifths : hindwing somewhat oval, apex and exterior margin convex; cell narrow, two-fifths the length; two sub- costals from end of cell ; discocellular bent in the middle ; radial from below the angle ; two upper medians from extreme end, lower at fully two-fifths. Body rather slender, abdcmen srrcoth ; palpi ascendirg, in male rather slender, second joint reaching above the vertex, third joint rather longer than second, very slender and elavate ; palpi in female longer and more slender; antenna slender, finely biciliated in male, simple in female ; legs squamous, slender, spurs long. Note. — This genus is placed here with doubt. It is probably a Lithosiid CYCLOPHORIDyE. 441 COCYPAEIS INSOLITATA (Plate 198, Fig. 5, 5«, il. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 657 (18G1), 2 • Cainbofjia icri/erata. Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1588 (1862), ? . Light yellow : forewing crossed by eight silvery- washed cinereous-red more or VOL. III. 3 JI 450 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLOK. less broken wavy denticulated bands, which are pai'tly confluent along the costal border ; a darker spot at end of cell : hindwing with irregularly broken similar outer bands, a small spot at end of cell, one below its base, and a quadrate spot on middle of abdominal margin. Front of thorax, and bands on abdomen, silvery cinereous-red ; tip of palpi red. Expanse, c? 1. ' 1^^ i^^^^^- Genus PSEUDASTHENA. Allied to Asthena. Outline of wings similar to A. luteata : forewing with the first subcostal five branched, the fifth being emitted from below at about one-third from its base, sixth from end of cell : hindwing with the subcostals and two upper medians at about one-fourth beyond end of the cell. Antenna very broadly bipectinated to one-third the tip, the branches finely ciliated. Type, P. lunulosa. PSEUDASTHENA LUNULOSA (Plate 200, Fig. 5, 5a, ^ ? ). Deep yellow. Wings crossed by apparently eight cinereous purple-red lunular bands, of which the outer is submarginal and the thickest, those across the middle of forewing sometimes confluent ; a darker spot at end of each cell. Front of thorax purple-red ; shaft of antennge and vertex white ; front of head deep yellow. Expanse S 2 tV inch. PSEUDASTHENA DISSIMILIS (Plate 199, Fig. 7). Light yellow. Forewing crossed by basal, subbasal, discal, and marginal brownish-ochreons lunular bands ; the two middle bands broadest and dilated anteriorly: hindwing with narrower lunular bands. Thorax in front brownish- ochreous ; head ochreous-yellow ; palpi and legs light yellow. Expanse r? inch. PSEUDASTHENA MEMORATA (Plate 199, Fig. 8, ? ). Pomasia memorata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxii. p. 657 (1861), ? . Yellow. Wings with several narrow slender denticulated red bands, of which the middle band is curved, difl;used, and most prominent. Body with red bands. Expanse ? ttj inch. PSEUDASTHENA RHODINARIA. Ili/ria rhodinuria, Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. ]M. sxii. p. 666 (1861). " Male. Rosy-red. Wings semihyaline ; irregularly and more or less overspread with rosy-red, which chiefly prevails about the base and along the exterior border ; TDyErDyE. 451 a black discal point on each wing. Antennae white, pectinated; abdomen Avith pale yellow strii)e. " Expanse 8 lines." In Coll. E. L. Layard. PSEUDASTHENA GRATAEIA (Plate 200, Fig. 3). Hyria grataria. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. (^63 (1861). Acidalia pallicinctaria, Walker, id. xxvi. p. 1612 (1862). Purple-red. Forewing somewhat cinereous basally. Wings crossed by three or four ill-defined discal yellow lunular bands ; extreme outer border and cilia deep yellow. Shaft of antennge and vertex pure white ; front of head, and palpi ochreous- yellow. Expanse to inch. Genus CRASPEDIA. Craspedia, Hiibner, Yei'z. bek. Schmett. p. 312 (1825-7). Dosithca, Duponchel, Lep. Fr. vii. 2, p. 108 (1829) ; id. viii. 1, p. 43 (1830); id. Catal. Lep. Eur. p. 271. Acidalia (part), Tri'itschke, Curtis, Lederer, Gueuee, Walker. IdcBa (part), Treitschke. Ptychopoda (part), Stephens. Forewing with the apex more produced and exterior margin more oblique than in typical Idtea : hindwing comparatively longer, the exterior margin much dentated. Venation similar. Antennae thicker, stronger biciliated. Tiipe, C. ornataria. CRASPEDIA DELICIOSARIA (Plate 201, Fig. 7). Acidalia dcliciosaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 791 (1801). Pure white. Wings not speckled; interior lines very indistinct, dentate, cinereous, mostly macular in female ; discal line dark ochreous-brown and black- speckled, zigzag; submarginal fascias macular, cinereous, the portions bordering the discal line of the forewing below the apex and at posterior end being dark ochreous- brown ; a marginal dentated line, and a slender cell spot black. Front of head, and palpi above dark ochreous-brown. Expanse to inch. CRASPEDIA ADDICTARIA (Plate 201, Fig. 3 . IS. Male. Forewing triangular ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal at one- * Used by Iliibner in 1816 (Verz. p. 31) for a genus of Lepidoptora. IDJEIB^. 453 fourth before end of tlie cell, second near the end, quadrifid, slightly touching the first ; sixth from end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median at one-sixth before end of cell, lower at one-third : hindwing short, broad, exterior margin somewhat convexly angular in the middle ; cell half the length ; two subcostals at half beyond end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median near end, lower at two-fifths. Body slender; palpi small, porrect, laxly hirsute; apex short; antennsB minutely serrated, pubescent in front ; legs long, slender, smooth, middle tibijB with a pair of slender spurs ; hind legs short, hind tibice broad, flat, clothed with adpressed fine hairs, which almost hide the tarsi, and with a tuft of long silky hairs from the base beneath. T}ji)c, I. aversata. ID^A INTENSATA (Plate 200, Fig. 7). Dark cinereous. Wings very numerously covered with minute dark-brown scales ; crossed by a subbasal, antemedial, medial, discal, and two submarginal brown-speckled sinuous diffuse lines ; the subbasal and outer submarginal line being obsolete on the hindwing; marginal dentated line, and lunular cell spot blackish. Body brown-speckled ; collar brown ; front of head, palpi, and forelegs above blackish. Expanse to inch. "Dickoya" {Green). Allied to the European J. strigaria. IDJEA ACTIOSAEIA (Plate 200, Fig. 11, S). Acidaha Actiosaria, Walker, Catiil. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 750 (18G1), $. Pale cinereous-brown. Wings vei-y thinly speckled with minute black scales ; medial, discal, and double submarginal zigzag diffused hue distinct, darker cinereous- browu ; the discal line denticulated ; cell spot, and marginal dots black. Front of head, and palpi above black. Expanse to inch. Ceylon, "Dickoya" (Green). IDMK ACTUARIA (Plate 200, Fig. 8). Ackhdia actuaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. INI. xxii. p. 752 (1861). Pale ochreous-white. Wings very thinly speckled with minute black scales ; antemedial, medial, discal, and double submarginal lines diffused, pale dull testaceous ; the medial and discal lines slightly denticulated ; cell spot, and marginal dots black. Front of head, and palpi above black. Expanse to inch. " Dickoya " {Green). 454 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. mmk ASPILATARIA (Plate 201, Fig. 6). Acidalia aspilataria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 791 (1861). Pale ochreous-white. Wings speckled witli an extremely few indistinct minute black scales ; crossed by an indistinct antemedial, medial, discal, and two submar- ginal very pale diffuse ochreous-brown nearly straight lines ; the inner line obsolete on the hindwings ; marginal dots black. No cell spot. Vertex and shaft of antennaB whitish ; front of head, and palpi above blackish ; forelegs above ochreous-brown. Expanse tV inch. ID.S;A ADEPTARIA (Plate 200, Fig. 9). Acidalia adeptaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 753 (1861). Very small. Pale cinereous-white. Wiugs thickly brown-siDeckled ; cell spot, and marginal points black ; medial, discal, and submarginal speckled dentate lines very ill-defined. Front of head, and palpi above black. Expanse to inch. ID.a:A ATTENTATA (Plate 201, Fig. 5, g ). Acidalia attentata, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 754 (1861). Pale yellowish-white. "Wings very thinly speckled with minute black scales ; a distinct black spot at end of cell ; and marginal row of dots : forewing crossed by an antemedial, medial, discal, and double submarginal sinuous very indistinct zigzag pale brownish ochreous diffused lines : hindwing with a medial, discal, and sub- marginal similar lines ; cell spot more distinct. Vertex white ; front of head, and palpi above black. Expanse, c? to, 2 tu inch, ID-EA NESCIARIA. Acidalia Ncsciaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 750 (1861), g . Acidalia negataria, Walker, id. xxii. p. 751 (1861). Acidalia ahscondilaria, var. Walker, id. p. 758. Ochreous-white. Wings numerously speckled with minute cinereous scales ; cell spot, and marginal points black; antemedial, discal, and submarginal lines cinereous-ochreous, dentated. Front of head, palpi, and forelegs above black. Expanse -^-, inch. ID.aEA CiESARIA (Plate 200, Fig. 10). Acidalia Co'saria, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxii. p. 750 (1861), S. Acidalia ohturhata, Walker, id. xxii. p. 755 (1861), S . Acidalia perfectaria, Walker, id. xxiii. p. 783 (1861), (? . Whitish-testaceous, more uniformly testaceous in female. Wings minutely speckled with brown scales ; medial, discal, and submarginal diffused lines purplish- IDyEIDyE. 455 testaceous; the discal line denticulated; the marginal line mucla diffused, nearly occupying the border from the discal line ; cell spot, and marginal points black. Cilia testaceous. Vertex, and shaft of antennae white; front of head, and palpi above black. Expanse to inch. " Punduloya and Dickoya" (Green). IHMA FIBULATA (Plate 201, Fig. 8, g ). Acidalia Jihulata, Guenee, Phal. i. p. 490, pi. 15, fig. 5 (1857). Acidalia deoraiia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 792 (1861). Cinereous. Wings very numerously black-speckled; crossed by an ante- medial, medial, and discal zigzag black lines, which are irregularly and broadly bordered with ochreous ; submarginal fascia dark-cinereous ; a black dentate cell spot, and marginal line; base of forewing also clouded with ochreous. Body thickly black-scaled ; abdomen with cinereous-brown bands ; cilia ochreous and black-speckled. Front of head, and palpi above black; forelegs blackish- cinereous. Expanse, ). JJeil/nia, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 310 (182o-7). Cnhera (part), Treitscbke, Scb. Eur. V. 2, p. 437 (1825). C'abera, Stepbens, Catal. ii. p. 126 (1829) ; ;>/. Illust. iii. p. ig.^i (1831); Scbott, Scbmctt. Catal. ]i. 41.) (1830) ; Lederer, Vers. Span. pp. 11, 36 ; Gucuee, Plial. ii. p. .^2 ; Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 867. Forewing rather short, exterior margin slightly oblique ; cell fully half the length ; first subcostal at one-sixth, second approximate, quadrifid, sixth from end of cell ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the middle ; the middle median near end, lower at one-third: hindwing short, exterior margin convex, even; cell half tlte * Used by Latreille in 1804 for a genus of Hymenoptera. CABKUIID^. 463 length, first subcostal near end ; discocellular concave, radial from middle ; the middle median near end, lower at two-fifths. Body slender, short; palpi small, porrect, short, laxly clothed, apex minute; antennae bipectinated to near end, the branches ciliated ; legs slender ; hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Type, D. pusaria. DEILINIA COSTATA (L'latk 203, Fia. 4 ; 204, f. 3, ^J). White ; glossy. Wings very sparsely speckled with minute cinereous scales : forewing crossed by four and hindwing by thi'ee indistinctly defined straight cinereous- speckled bands ; marginal points and cell spot black, minute. Costal edge of forewing, and collar, ochreous. Base of antennis and vertex pure white ; front of head, palpi, and forelegs above dai'k brown. Expanse, $ fn, 2 1 inch. " Newra Elliya (May)," Machwood. " Punduloya" {Green). Genus TERPNOMICTA. Stejajria* Gueuee, Dupoucbel's Catal. Lep. p. 270 (1844) ; Gucnee, Phal. ii. p. 43 (1S57) ; Walker. Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 860. Anagoga et Lomoijra/ilia (part), Hiibner, Veiz. pp. 294, 311. Tcrpnomicta, Lederer, Vers. Eur. Span. pp. 3.5, 97 (18.53). Male. Forewing elongate, apex obtuse, exterior margin very slightly oblique ; cell half the length; first subcostal at one-sixth, second from angle very close to end, trifid, fifth from end ; discocellular slightly concave, radial from the naiddle ; the middle median from angle close to end, lower at two-fifths: hindwing with the exterior margin slightly convex and angular in the middle ; cell fully half ; first subcostal from angle close to end ; discocellular concave, no radial, middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at nearly half. Body slender ; palpi porrect, extending a little beyond the head, second joint very laxly pilose beneath, third joint slender, pointed ; antennfe strongly bipectinated to near tip, the branche-s stout; legs rather shoi^t, hind tibias with two pairs of spurs (7'. ■peniniiata). TERPNOMICTA NIGRARENARIA. Stcijania{?) nigrarcnaria, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxiii. p. 864 (1861). "Male and female. Pale cinereous; minutely speckled with black ; wings with dull ochreous-brown denticulated lines ; submarginal line diffuse ; marginal festoon deep black ; a discal black dot in each wing, representing the reniform mark in the forewing, * UieJ in 1830 for u genus of Dipttra. 464 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. Expanse OJ to 10^ lines." Ceylou. lu Mr. E. L. Lajard's Collection. Family MACARIIDiE. "Wings of moderate size, delicate, smooth, sliglitly and minutely speckled ; alike in colour and markings : forewing triangular, exterior margin often notched in front ; hindwing often angular or dentate, not excavated. Body generally robust ; palpi moderately long, straight or slightly ascending, contiguous at the tips ; legs slender, smooth, moderately long ; hind tibiae longer than the femora, often incrassated ; antennas in male pubescent or setulose, rarelj^ pectinated. Larva hardly elongated, cylindrical ; head globular. Lives exposed on trees or shrubs. Pupa in a cocoon among brushwood or on the surface of the earth. Genus GUBARIA. Semiotliim (part), Iliibner, Verz. p. 29S (1823-25) ; Butler, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 348. Male. Forewing triangular, apex pointed, exterior margin oblique, nearly straight; cell half the length, narrow; first subcostal at one-sixth before end of cell, second close to end, trifid, fifth from the end ; discocellular slender, bent inward above the middle, radial from below the angle ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at nearly half; submedian bent close to end, with a short curved slender lower branch : hindwing broad, somewhat quadrate, exterior margin dentated above the angle; cell nearly half the length, bent and wide at the base; two subcostals from end ; discocelluhir concave ; no radial; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-third. Body moderately stout ; palpi porrect, stout, second joint extending two-thirds beyond the head, laxly squamous beneath, third joint short, obtuse; antennte minutely ciliated ; legs squamous, hind tibia3 long, inci'assated, grooved along inner side and furnished with a pencil of long silky hairs from the base ; with two ]iairs of spurs, the upper pair long and the lower short, hind tarsi short. Tij'fte, G. fasciata. GUBARTA FASCIATA (Plate 203, Fig. 6, 6n, (? ? ; 6h, larva). Phahvna fasciata, Faljrieius, Syst. Eat. p. 629 (1775) ; Ent. Syst. iii. 2, 164. Phahvna Geometra Eleoitora, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. p. 172, pi. 288, f. E.F.G. (1780). Macaria Elcononi, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxiii. p. 933. Geometra punctata, Fabricius, Eiit. Syst. iii. 2, 126 (1794). Alacuria Victorinata, Gueuee, Phal. ii. p. 90 (1857), ^. Male. Brownish-grey, fading to ochreous-brown. 'Wings palest externally ; crossed by a broad straight medial white band, which does not reach the costa, the MACAIIIID.E. 465 inner edge of which is slightly brown-speckled, and the outer edge bordered by a black discal line, which is thickest on the hindwing and is bent outward before the costa on forewing; a slight black dentate spot more or less apparent at end of each cell : forewing with the costal edge tinged with ochreous and black-speckled ; with faint traces of an antemedial curved blackish line, and a brownish costal patch before the apex : hindwing with a broad black discal patch between the subcostals and upper medians, with intervening and contiguousblackstrig^, the veins bordering the patches and of the strigte being bright ochreous-yellow. Cilia white. Female darker; the white band sometimes duller and slightly brown-speckled, its bordering black line, costal and discal black patches more prominent ; outer marginal blackish line distinct. Abdomen ochreous-yellow towards the tip. Underside paler ; the basal area ochreous. Body beneath, legs, antennje, and palpi ochreous-yellow ; tip of palpi brown. Expanse, \ lines." Ceylon. TINEA INCONCISELLA. Tinea inconcisella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1004 (1864). " Female. Pale dull ochraceous. Forewings narrow, somewhat rough ; hardly acute ; with many minute transverse ferruginous streaks ; several black scales, some of which form three dots, one basal, the other two iu the disc before the middle, one of them near the interior border : hindwings pale cinereous. Palpi hardly ascending, extending a little beyond the head, second joint pilose, third lanceolate, much shorter than second ; abdomen pale cinereous, extending much beyond the hindwings ; oviduct exserted ; antennae rather stout; thorax very thickly black speckled. Expanse 8 lines." Ceylon. 502 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. TINEA ARENATELLA. Tinea arenaidla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxx. p. 1005 (1864). " Female. Whitish cinereous, slender ; forewings narrow, acute, irregularly blackish-speckled ; speckles here and there confluent and forming small patches. Palpi slender, porrect, extending very little beyond the head, second joint fringed beneath, third lanceolate, as long as second ; antennte very slender, less than half length of the forewings; abdomen extending very much beyond the hind wings; legs smooth. Expanse 6 lines." Ceylon. TINEA (?; EGENELLA. Tinea (?) egenella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1005 (1864). " Female. Cinereous, stout. Forewings rather short and broad, rounded at the tips ; with many diffuse irregular brown dots ; costa slightly convex towards the base; exterior border moderately obUque. Palpi obliquely ascending, not rising higher than the vertex ; second joint pilose, third very short and slender ; antenna stout, very minutely setulose. Expanse C lines." Ceylon. Genus MACH^ROPTERIS, Walsingham. Head rough. Antenua3 scarcely longer than the head and thorax, simple, with long diverging hairs beneath covering the second and third joints, forming con- spicuous brush-like tufts. Maxillary palpi, none. Forewings ensiform, the costa much arched, the apex acute, somewhat falcate, the apical margin undulate, oblique, anal angle ill-defined. Hiudwings slightly wider than the forewings, elongate, leaf- shaped, the apex acute and slightly falcate. Forewings with 12 veins; 2 and 3 from a common point, the others all separate ; 7 ending in apex. Hindwings with 8 veins, all separate at base ; 6 and 7 parallel. MACH^ROPTEEIS RECEPTELLA (Plate 208, Fig. 14). Tinea rcccptclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxviii. p. 479 (1863). "Male. Ferruginous. Forewings with black speckles, some of which are contiguous and form four small discal patches. Underside and hiudwings brown, tinged with purple. Expanse 10 lines." TINEIBJE. 503 Genus BLABOPHANES Zeller. Blabophanes, Zcller, Linn. Ent. vi. p. 100 (1852). BLABOPHANES LONGELLA (Plate 209, Fig. 1). Tinea lotifjella, Walker, Ciital. Lep. Het. B. M. xxvlii. p. 479 (1863). " White. Head slightly tufted ; palpi porrect, extending very little beyond the head, third joint elongate-conical, much shorter than the second ; antennge rather stout, much shorter than the forewings ; hind tibite fringed. Wings rather narrow : forewiugs blackish chalybeous, rounded at the tips, with a broad white costal streak, ■which extends from before the middle nearly to the tip, and forms two slight angles on its hind side ; exterior border extremely oblique : hindwings dark cinereous, with an asneous tinge. Expanse 10 lines." Genus ALAVONA. Alavona, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 514 (1863). " Male. Wings rather narrow : forewings hardly acute ; costa straight; exterior border moderately oblique ; third inferior vein rather more distant from the fourth than from the third ; body stout ; proboscis obsolete ; palpi stout, porrect, slightly pilose, much shorter thau the breadth of the head, third joint elongate-conical, about half the length of second ; antenna moderately pectinated ; abdomen extending somewhat beyond the hindwings ; apical tuft rather large ; legs stout ; tibite pubescent; spurs very long." ALAVONA TAPROBANA (Plate 208, Fig. 7, 8, J ? ). Male. Cinereous-brown : forewing numerously covered with dark brown scales, which are transversely disposed exteriorly, and there form broad strigte, with more or less black tipt raised scales : hindwing and abdomen cinereous-brown. Head, antennse, tip of palpi, and legs brownish-ochreous ; base of palpi, and bands on fore and middle legs dark brown. Female. More uniformly brown : forewing with less defined darker tipt scales. Palpi and legs brown. Expanse, t? A, ? IfV inch. Ceylon. From Dr. Thwaites' Collection. ALAVONA THWAITESII (Plate 208, Fig. 3, 4, 5 ? ) . Male. Umber brown : forewing with the exterior border broadly from the apex, and the posterior border pale cinereous-brown ; costal area with darker brown- tipt raised scales, which are disposed transversely in the form of strigse : hindwinof and abdomen pale cinereous brown. Palpi dark brown ; head, antennge, and legs pale brownish-ochreous ; legs, including the tarsi with dark brown bands, which are 504 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. much paler on the hindlegs. Female. Forewing with the exterior and posterir border almost of the same brown colour as the anterior border. Palpi, and band on legs paler. Expanse, c? Ifo, ? Ittt inch, Ceylon. From Dr. Thwaites' Collection. Family HYPONOMEUTIDiE. " Wings elongate, with moderate or rather short ciliiB. Head rough or smooth ; labial palpi of moderate length ; maxillary palpi absent ; proboscis of moderate length, mostly naked. Larva frequently gregarious, living in a common web." {Stalnton.) Genus HYPONOMEUTA. l>?jome«;a, Latroille, Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 250 (1802); id. Reg. An. iii. p. 579 (1817) ; Treitschke, Eur. Sch. ix. i. p. 208 (1832) ; Stephens, III. Haust. iv. p. 242 (1834) ; Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 194. Hyponomeuta, Zeller, Isi.';, 1844, p. 199. Nijgmia, Hiibuer, Verz. p. 412 (1825-7). HYPONOMEUTA ALIENELLUS. Hyponomcvta aUenelhis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 532 (1863). "Male. Dark cinereous. Forewings with numerous minute black points: hindwings a little paler. Head with four black points ; thorax with seven black points; abdomen extending much beyond the hindwings, with a large apical tuft and two long narrow apical appendages, which are curved downward ; legs with a black point on each anterior femora and tibite. Expanse 12 lines." Ceylon. Genus ATTEYA. Attenn, Walker, Cat.ak Lep. Het. B. M. ii. p. o2G (1854). Amhloihridia, Wallengren, Resa Eugenie, v. p. 385 (1861). Corinca, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 542 (1863). Male. Forewing long, apex rounded, exterior margin hardly oblique; cell four-fiftlis the length, bent downward at the end, disposed towards the middle of the wing ; first subcostal at half before the end, second at one-eighth, third and fourth close to end, fifth from the end ; discocelkilar inwardly-oblique, two radials at equal distances apart ; a slender veinlet emitted within the cell from fourth subcostal and is joined to the sul)costal at half way between the first and second branches ; middle median from angle close to end of cell, lower at one-seventh ; submedian with a lower basal branch at nearly one-third its length: hindwiug long; cell two-thirds TINEIDjE. 505 its length, very narrow; costal straight ; first subcostal close to end; discocellular inwardly-oblique, two radials at equal distances apart ; a slender veinlet emitted within the cell from upper radial; middle median at one-fifth, lower about two-fifths; submedian and internal vein straight. Body rather stout ; abdomen extending half beyond the hindwings ; proboscis long, slender ; palpi ascending, reaching to vertex, slender, squamous, third joint linear, acute, as long as the second ; antenna minutely serrated ; legs squamous, rather stout ; middle tibias with a pair of stout spurs, hind legs in male aborted, slender, femora fringed with silky hairs, spurs obsolete ; hind legs in female stout, tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Type, A. niveigutta. ATTEVA IMPARIGUTTELLA (Plate 209, Fig. 2). Oeta imimricjuttella, Zeller, HorsB Ent. Soc. Eoss. xiii. p. 224, pi. 3. f. 77 (1S77). Forewing cupreous-red, with four outwardly-oblique series of large pure white spots ; some small spots also disposed along the costa : hindwing and abdomen golden-yellow. Thorax cupreous-red ; white spotted ; vertex, front of head, and base of palpi white ; palpi and antennce brownish ; legs yellow. Expanse 1 inch. Ceylon. " Colombo " (MachiwwJ). Genus PRAYS. Prays, Hiibner, Verz. p. 413 (1825-7) ; Stainton, Ins. Brit. Tineina, p. 64 (1854). PRAYS (?) PLAGIFERELLA. Prays (?) plagiferella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xxviii. p. .540 (1863). " Male. Testaceous-whitish ; stout. Forewings hardly acute ; with some minute black speckles, a few of which form two or three small dots near the base ; two fawn-coloured patches, one forming an oblique incomplete band, the other extending along the exterior border ; two cinereous discal spots, one on each side of the first patch ; first spot elongated, oblique, second nearly round. Head pubescent ; palpi a little longer than the breadth of the head, second joint broadly fringed beneath, third lanceolate, shorter than the second, with a black subapical band; antennte stout, minutely setulose, shorter than the forewings^ abdomen extending fully half beyond hindwings. Expanse 7 lines." Ceylon. Genus AZINIS. Azinis, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxviii. p. 541 (1863). "Male. Body stout, smooth; proboscis short; palpi smooth, curved, obliquely VOL. III. 3 T 506 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. ascending, rising a little higher than the vertex, third joint lanceolate, almost as long as the second ; antenuge bare ; abdomen extending a little beyond the hindwings, apical tuft subquadrate ; logs stout, smooth ; hind tibia? with a short thick fringe, spurs very long. Wings robust, elongate : forewings slightly rounded at the tips ; costa and exterior border very slightly convex, the latter very sHghtly oblique. Neuration as in Psecadla." AZINIS HILARELLA (Plate 209, Fig. 3). Acinis lularclln. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxviii. p. 5-1:2 (1863). "Male. Pale slate-colour. Head wiih a black dot on the hind border; palpi white, with four black bands ; thorax with four black dots ; abdomen pale cinereous, luteous at the base. Forewings with eighteen black whitish-bordered dots, and with a row of small submarginal black dots; five of the eighteen are smaller than the others, and are near the submarginal row : hindwings luteous, black at the tips ; fringe cinereous towards the tips. Expanse 14 lines." Ceylon. Genus THEOXENIA., Walsingham. Male. Head with appressed coarse scales above ; antennae ciliated, reaching to two-thirds of forewings ; labial palpi recurved, reaching nearly to the base of the autennee ; second joint stout, apical joint half as long as the second, not acutely pointed ; maxillary palpi none ; haustellum long, wide, coarsely scaled at the base ; ocelli none. Forewings elongate, with the costa slightly arched, rounded at the apex; with 12 veins; 7 and 8 from a common stem, 7 terminating in apex, 8 in costal margin. Hindwings broad, with a conspicuous brush of hair-like scales near the base on the upperside ; the whole middle portion of the wing on the under- side being tufted with long scales, forming a thick mat ; neuration : — 8 veins ; 3 and 4 from a point arising from lower angle of cell ; 5 and 6 from a point ; 6 and 7 pai^allel. [Owing to the thickly matted scales, it is impossible to trace the whole system of the venation without denudmg the wings of the scales.] THEOXENIA PENICILLATA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 4, J ). Male. Palpi pale grey, touched with brownish about the apex, and with two wide brownish bands around the second joint ; head slaty-grey, with a black spot above at the back ; antennas slaty-grey, pubescent, with two black spots on the upperside of the basal joint, also two beneath ; thorax slaty-grey, with four con- spicuous round black spots above, the posterior pair being somewhat closer to each other than the anterior pair ; a small black spot at the base of each of the patagia. TI^EWjE. 507 Forewings slaty-grey, with numerous (28) black spots, each set in an ill-defined greyish-white ring ; a small black spot at the extreme base of the wing is followed by two adjacent ones, the upper, which is slightly nearer the base than the lower of the two, lies immediately l^elow the costal edge, and is somewhat smaller than that which is beneath it, touching the upper edge of the fold ; at aliout one-fifth the length of the wing is another black subcostal spot, and this is followed by a large discal spot, above and a little before the middle of the wing ; close to the upper edge of the cell, and nearly at the outer one-foui^th of the wing is another spot followed by four similar ones, interjacent between the apical veins, with two larger ones below them near the apical margin of the cell, the outer being somewhat lower than the inner ; about the anal angle of the cell is another spot preceded by four (not already mentioned), two at the lower edge of the fold, and two smaller ones placed obliquely inwards, nearer to the dorsal margin ; around the apex and apical margin is a row of ten squarish spots. The fringes slightly tipped with brownish. Hindwing.s purplish-brown, with the costal margin pale grey ornamented with an elongate brush of curved bright ochreous scales ; the abdominal margin somewhat dilated is bright ochreous ; fringes unicolorous wntli the wings. Abdomen rich ochreous, with a round black spot on the middle of the anterior edge of each of the first five segments. LFnderside : Forewings pale brown, a small brown pencil of hairs at the extreme base of the costa : hindwings brown, the abdominal margin broadly ochreous, thickly matted along the middle. Alxlomen with a double row of round black spots. Legs : the two anterior pair of legs banded pale grey and dark brown, the posteror pair being bright ochreous above, the tarsal joints with brown bands. Expanse of wings 37 mms. Ceylon . This has greatly the appearance of Azinis hilarella ; the pattern of the spots on the forewings being similar; the absence of the strong tufts of hair-like scales on the fore and hindwings distinguish it generically, and the brown over-spreading the whole middle portion of the upperside of the hindwings forms the conspicuous difference in colour. Family GELECHIIDiE. " Forewings oblong or elongated ; hindwings rather broad, generally indented. Head smooth; labial palpi recurved, generally long, sometimes with the second joint prolonged as a tuft ; maxillary palpi undeveloped. Larva with 16 legs, of very various habits, either feeding in leaves and stems of plants, beneath a flat web on underside of leaves of trees, in rolled or screwed-up 3 T 2 f,OS THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. leaves of plants, between united twigs, in seeds and flowers of low plants, between the terminal leaves of plants, mining leaves, or on lichen and moss." — {Stauitun.) Genus DEPRESSARIA. Depressaria, Haworth, Li^i. Brit. p. 505 (1812) ; Cm-tis, Brit. Eut. fol. 221 (1828) ; Stephens, Illust. Haust. iv., p. 197 (1831); Zeller, Isis (1839), p. 195. DEPRESSARIA ANGUSTA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 5). Head pale ochreous, roughly clothed above with a few fuscous scales inter- mixed, the face very pale ochreous; palpi pale ochreous, touched with fuscous towards the end of the apical joint, which is slightly thickened with coarse scales about its middle ; antennte dull cinereous ; thorax pale ochreous, mixed with urabre scales. Forewings very narrow, pale ochreous, with several groups of raised dark umbre scales, one at the base, two before the middle, of which one is above and the other beneath the fold, two beyond the middle about the end of the discal cell and im- mediately adjacent to each other ; above these is a deep fuscous shade on the costa, followed by a still more conspicuous one at the apex ; around the apical margin, reaching within the anal angle, is a series of six or seven dark fuscous, elongate dots ; around the raised patches of scales and about the costa above the first pair, is some feruginous shading ; a considerable portion of the ground colour of the wing- being thickly clouded with umbre brown ; fringes the same as the ground colour. Hiudwings pale cinereous. Abdomen scarcely darker. Expanse of wings 14| mms. Ceylon. Genus GELECHIA. Gtlechia, Zoller, Isis (1839), p. 197. Staiutou, lus. Brit. Tiuoina, p. 101 (1S54). GELECHIA SIGNIFERA. Geh'chid signifera, Felderet Rogen. Novara Voy. Lep. v. pi. 139 f. 23 (1875). Female. Pale ochreous. Forewing with a black interrupted longitudinal medial streak, above which are two black cell spots, one before the othei-, the inner spot minute : hind wing paler. Middle of the thorax black. Evpause A inch. Ceylon. GELECHIA OBLIGATELLA. Gelechia oUUjateUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxx p. 1023 (1864). " Female. Brownish-cinereous. Forewings rather narrow, rounded at the tips ; with two very large cupreous-brown spots ; first spot interior, nearly triangular, resting on the interior border, not extending to the costa, second spot exterior, GELECHIID^:. 509 triangular, one of its angles discal, anotlier costal, and tlie third on tlie interior border ; a minute brown apical streak. Palpi pale cinereous, smooth, slender, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint as long as second. Expanse 5 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA ALTERNELLA. Gelechia allernella, "Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1023 (1864). " Female. Ferruginous-brown. Forewings acute, moderately broad ; trans- versely and minutely blackish-speckled ; costa with six or seven distinct oblique black points, of which the last is a little beyond the middle ; some minute black points along the apical part of the costa and along the exterior border, which is straight and rather oblique : hindwings asneous-brown. Head in front and underside silvery-cinereous ; palpi more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, second joint with a thick securiform fringe, third joint setiform, very slender, longer than second ; antenna? much shorter than the forewings ; legs stout ; hind tibiae wath squamous hairs. Expanse 12 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA ANIMOSELLA. Gelechia animoseUa, Walker, C;ital. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 1022 (1864). *'Male. Silvery white ; slender. Wings narrow : forewings gilded ochraceous towards the tips, with a black apical point. Palpi smooth, slender, full thrice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint setiform, very little shorter than the second ; antennae slender ; hind legs long. Expanse 4 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA ANGUSTELLA. Gelechia anguslella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 637 (1864). " Female. Whitish, smooth, shining. Forewings narrow, acute ; with some aeneous streaks, two of w^hich are larger than the others; of these one extends obliquely outward from the exterior costa, and the other is along the apical part of the costa ; exterior border extremely oblique. Head brownish beneath ; palpi smooth, slender, a little longer than the breadth of the head ; third joint lanceolate, shorter than second ; antenna slender, much shorter than the forewings ; abdomen attenuated. Expanse 5 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA ALBATELLA. Gelechia albaiella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. G3G (1864). "Whitish, shining; slender. Wings rather narrow: forewings slightly acute ; 510 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. speckled with fawn-colour ; exterior border extremely oblique. Palpi smooth, slender, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint setiform, hardly half the length of second ; antennse smooth, slender, vei-y much shorter than the forewings ; legs smooth, slender, rather short. Expanse G lines." Cevlou. GELECHIA EUCERELLA. Gelechia cncereUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 636 (1864). "Male. Cupreous fawn-colour; silvery cinereous beneath. Wings long, narrow; fringe moderately long : forewings acute; with a cinereous costal streak a little before three-fourths of the length : exterior border extremely oblique : hiudwiugs dark cinereous. Palpi smooth, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint very slender, as long as second ; autennee long, stout, setose, shorter than forewings ; legs smooth, rather long and slender. Expanse 10 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA APTATELLA. Gelechia aptafella, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 636 (1S64). "Male. Fawn-colour ; silvery cinereous beneath. Wings rather narrow ; fringe moderately long : forewings slightly rounded at the tips ; exterior border extremely oblique : hindwings cinereous. Palpi broad, much longer than the breadth of the head, second joint squamous beneath, third lanceolate, a little more than half the length of second ; antennte smooth, rather stout, much shorter than the forewings ; legs rather stout ; hind tibia3 slightly fringed ; tibiee and tarsi with blackish bands. Expanse 8 to 9 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA PATULELLA. Gelechia patiilcUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 635 (1864). " Male. Hoary ; very stout. Wings rather narrow, slightly acute : forewings minutely and indistinctly brownish-speckled ; with a few slight irregular cinereous streaks, a blackish point near the base, a blackish streak in the disc, and two blackish points near interior angle ; exterior border extremely oblique. Palpi stout, much longer than the breadth of the head, second joint fringed beneath, third setiform, with three blackish bands, as long as second ; antennae smooth, rather stout, much shorter than forewings ; legs smooth, short, stout. Expanse 7 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA ARCTELLA. Gelechia Arctilla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B.M. xxix. p. 635 (1864). "Male. Pale cinereous fawn-colour; slender. Wings long, narrow; fringe GELECHIIDJE. 511 very long : forewings acute ; tapering from the interior angle to the tips ; exterior border extremely oblique : hindwings cinereous. Palpi smooth, nearly twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint setiform, shorter than second; auteunse stout ; legs smooth, rather short and slender. Expanse 5 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA IMMERITELLA. GeJechia immeritella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 63i (1864). " ^neous fawn-colour. Wings rather narrow : forewings slightly acute ; with five whitish oblique elongated costal points ; first point before the middle, second beyond the middle, third, fourth and fifth approximate, near the tip ; exterior border slightly convex, rather oblique : hindwings paler. Head iu front silvery cinereous ; palpi of the usual structure, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head ; third joint almost as long as second ; legs smooth, slender. Expanse 5 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA ALIENELLA. GeJechia alicnella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 634 (1864). " Male. Pale cinereous ftiwn-colour. Wings moderately broad ; fringe long : forewings slightly acute, speckled with brown along the costa and along the exterior border; two blackish points in the disc, one before the middle, the other beyond the middle ; exterior border very oblique : hindwings cinereous. Palpi longer than twice the breadth of the head, third joint setiform, rather stout, much shorter than second ; antenna stout, much shorter than the forewings ; legs smooth, rather long and stout. Expanse h\ lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA AMICELLA. Gelechia amice.Ua, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 634 (1864). "Male. Cinereous fawn-colour; slender. Wings narrow: forewings acute; with a large black cinereous-bordered spot on the interior border before the middle, and a short transverse streak of the same hue in the disc at two-thirds of the length ; a blackish exterior band, which extends diffusedly to the streak on the inner side, and is bordered by a slightly undulating cinereous fine on the outer side ; exterior border very oblique. Palpi more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint very slender, longer than second; less smooth, rather short and slender; tarsi with ceneous bands. Expanse 7 lines." Cevlon. 512 THE LEPIDOPTEIiA OF CEYLON. GELECHIA AGNATELLA. Gch'chia agnatilh, Wiilker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. G33 (1864). " Female. Cinereous-brown ; cinereous beneath. Wings moderately broad. Forewings hardly acute, with many oblique parallel darker lines; marginal space speckled, without lines ; e.x;terior border convex, slightly oblique : liindwings cinereous. Palpi twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint slender, a little shorter than the second ; antennae slender, much shorter than the forewings ; legs smooth, slender. Expanse 10 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA TETRASPILELLA. Gdechia tctraspilcUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 633 (1864). " Male. Very pale fawn-colour. Wings moderately broad : forewings slightly rounded at the tips ; with two blackish points in the disc, first point before the middle, a little nearer the costa than the second, which is beyond the middle : hind- wings a little paler than the forewings. Palpi more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, second joint very long, slightly tufted above at the tip, third joint slender, setiform, not more thau half the length of second ; antennee smooth, much longer than the forewings ; legs smooth, rather short and stout. Expanse 8 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA CORNUTELLA. Gehchia cormiteUa. Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 632 (1864). " Male. Slender. Cinereous fawn-colour, paler beneath. Wings long, narrow, shining : forewings somewhat rounded at the tips; exterior border extremely obhque : hindwings whitish-cinereous. Palpi more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint slender, as long as the second ; auteunse smooth, rather thick, shorter than the forewings ; legs rather long. Expanse 8 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA STRENUELLA. Gdechia strcmidla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 632 (18G4). "Female. Robust. Fawn-colour, cinereous beneath. Wings moderately broad; fringe rather long : forewings slightly acute ; with four black points at the disc, two before the middle, and the other two beyond the middle, the third and fourth behind the first and second ; some black points along the apical part of the costa and along the exterior border, which is straight and moderately oblique : hindwings cmereous. Palpi fully twice longer than the breadth of the head, second joint GELECIIIIDyE. 513 rather broad, tliii-d sctiform, a little shorter tlian the second; antennrc slender, much shorter than the forewings; legs smooth, rallier short and slender. Expanse 7 hnes." Ceylon. GELECHIA AFFIXELLA. Gchchm affirella, Walkci-, Catal. Lep. Hc-t. B. M. xxix. p. 632 (1861). " Female. Fawn-colour, paler beneath. Wings long, moderately broad ; fore- wings acute, exterior border straight, hardly obhque : hindwings hardly paler than the forewings. Palpi full twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint very slender, as long as the second ; antennae slender, much shorter than the forewings ; legs smooth, long, slender, spurs very long. Expanse V2 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA DEDUCTELLA. GelecJnn (ledvdclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. G31 (1864). "Female. Brown. Forewings without markings, rounded at the tips ; exterior border almost straight, slightly oblique. Palpi, antennee, pectus, abdomen, legs cinereous ; hindwings cinereous ; palpi slightly curved, full twice longer than the breadth of the head, third joint a little longer than the second ; antenna; shorter than the forewings ; abdomen extending rather beyond the hindwings. Expanse 7 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA NEGATELLA. Gelechia nerjatclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 631 (1864). " Male. Cinereous. Forewings rounded at the tips, exterior half dark cinereous ; a black patch at the base ; a larger black patch before the middle, abbreviated and indented towards the interior border ; two exterior black discal dots placed trans- versely, and a more exterior deeply bent black line, which is bordered with pale cinereous on the outer side ; four small elongated black marks on the exterior border • hindwings pale cinereous. Palpi bent, more than twice longer than the Ijreadth of the head, second joint black on the outer side, except at the tip, third lanceolate, as long as the second and much more slender ; antennas long, stout ; abdomen extending rather beyond the hindwings ; hind legs long, stout, their tibiae slightly fi'inged. Expanse 9 lines." Ceylon. GELECHIA SEPOSITELLA. Gelechia seposHclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. G30 (18(34). " Male. Cinereous. Wings long, rather narrow ; fringe long. Forewings acute, black speckled ; with four black dots ; first near the base, second and third in the disc VOL. III. 3 u 514 THE LEPinOPTFAlA OF CEYLON. before the middle, third nearer the costa than second, and fnrther from the base, fourth in the exterior disc ; a row of Wack points extending along the apical part of the costa and along the fore part of the exterior border, which is extremely oblique : hindwings pale asneons-cinereous. Head a,nd fore part of thorax pale yellow ; palpi pale yellow, partly black, nmch longer than the breadth of the head, second joint squamous, third setiform, as long as the second ; antennas minutely serrated, much shorter than the forewings ; hind tibias fringed ; anterior tibiae and tarsi Eeneous- brown ; tibiii3 with a pale band and pale tips; joints of the tarsi with pale tips. Expanse 12 lines." Ceylon. Genus ERETMOCERA. Erctmocei-a, Zeller, Iliiml. Ko;'g. Svensk. Vetens. AkaiL, 18-j2, p. S8. ERETMOCERA IMPACTELLA (Plate 209, Fig. 10). Gelerhia impactella. Walker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 637 (1864). "Male. Dark cupreous ; slender; whitish beneath. Palpi slender, nuich longer than the breadth of the head ; third joint setiform, a little shorter tlian the second ; antennas smooth, rather stout ; abdomen luteous, dark cupreous towards the base and tlie tip. AVings naiTOW, acute ; fringe long. .Forewings with a whitLsh streak along the base of the interior border, and with three whitish elongated spots ; the first spot in the disk below the middle, second on the interior border beyond the middle, third costal, nearer the tip ; exterior liorder very oblique. Expanse 9 lines." Ceylon. The type was received from North India. It is also recorded from Dharmsala, Punjab. Genus ONE BALA. Oiichala, Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 792 (1SG4). " Male. Wings long, acute, rather narrow ; costa very slightly convex for half the length from the base ; exterior border slightly oblique, indistinctly excavated. Hindwings with the exterior border slightly excava.ted towards the tip ; fringe very long towards the interior angle. Body smooth, rather slender ; head subquadrate above ; proboscis rather long ; palpi smooth, very long, rcflexed high above the head, second joint curved, much compressed, third setiform, slightly curved, longer than second ; antennas smooth, slender, as long as the forewings ; abdomen extending rather beyond the hindwings, apical tuft small ; legs smooth, slender, hind tibi;-e long, stout, pubescent, spurs very long. Allied to GrJeeliia.'' ONEBALA BLANDIELLA. Onehala hJmidieUa, AValker, Catal. Lop. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 792 (1864). " Male. Fawn-colour, with a slight cinereous tinge. Wings Avith a maro-inal GELECHlIDyE. 315 brown line ; fringe cinereous, interlined with brownish : forewings with slight metalhc- gi'een reflections ; a large oblong dark brown cinereous-bordered spot in the disc- before the middle; a very large exterior triaagalar dark brown cinereous-bordered spot, which has its base on the costa and cxtcmls to the interior angle : hindwings slightly gilded. Abdomen gilded. Expanse 8 lines." Ceylon. Genus GAPHARA. Gaphara, Walker, Catal. Lcp. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 794 (1864). " Male. Wings stout, rather narrow. Forewings rounded at the tips ; costa and exterior border hardly convex, the latter very oblique ; veins much like those of Depressarui in structure. Body moderately stout ; front broad ; proboscis obsolete ; palpi stout, erect, not pilose, rising as high as the vertex, second joint slightly curved, third lanceolate, a little shorter and much more sleuder than the second ; antennae robust, smooth ; abdomen extending much beyond the hindwings, apical tuft small; legs smooth ; hind legs long and stout, spurs very long. Allied to Gelechia." GAPHARA RECITATELLA. Gaphara recitateUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 704 (U'ti4). " Male. Cinereous-brown, hardly paler beneath. Wings with a cinereous marginal line : forewings with three indistinct blackish bands, each composed of three spots, second band more distinct than the others towards the costa ; a blackish costal spot between the first l)and and the base. Head in front and palpi pale cinereous. Expanse G lines." Ceylon. Genus FICULEA. Ficuka, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 794 (1864). "Male. AYings narrow; fringe long. Forewings rounded at the tips; costa straight, exterior border slightly convex, extremely oblique ; veins much like those of Gelechia. Body slender ; proboscis very short ; palpi smooth, ascending, slightly curved, more than twice longer than the breadth of the head, second joint much com- pressed, third setiform, as long as the second; antennae very minutely semated and pubescent; abdomen extending much beyond the hiudwings, apical tuft rather small ; legs smooth, slender ; hind tibi^ long, fringed, rather stout, spurs long. Alhed to GelecMa" FICULEA BLANDULELLA. Fmilea hlandulella, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxix. p. 795 (1864). " Male. Luteous. Forewings with two dark cupreous-brown slightly silvery- bordered bands ; first band very much dilated hindward, second marginal, dentate on •516 THE LEPIDOPTEBA OF CEYLON. its inner side, nearly connected with the second on tlie interior border. Head and palpi whitish ; abdomen brown above and at the tip ; legs cinereous ; anterior tibiae and tarsi brown ; hind til)i;e and tarsi with brown bauds. Expanse G lines." Ceylon. Genus ANARSIA. Anarsin, Zeller, Isis (1839), p. 190; Staiutoii, lus. Brit. Lep. Tiueina, p. 143 (1854). ANAESIA (?) MONETELLA. Anarsiii {?) monetdln, Felder et Eogen. Novara Voy. Lep. v. pi. 139, fig. 19 (lS7o). Palebrownish-ochreous. Forewing with a nearly medial transverse slender black slightly excurved line, two slender short duplex longitudinal discal divergent streaks, and five similar longer exterior streaks : hindvsdng paler towards the base. Expanse to inch. Ceylon. Genus FRISILIA. FnsHia, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxi.K. p. 795 (18G4). " Male. Forewiugs acute, rather broad ; exterior border slightly oblique, hardly concave. Body rather slender ; head Avith two porrect tufts.; proboscis of moderate length ; palpi curved, ascending, about four times longer than the breadth of the head, second joint broadly fringed, third setiform, hardly shorter than the second ; antennge stout, squamous-serrated, much longer than the forewings ; abdomen extending beyond the hindwings ; legs slender." FRISILIA NESCIATELLA. Frisilia nesciatella, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 796 (1864). " Male. Testaceous. Wino-s with a slight brown line along the exterior border : forewings minutely speckled with brown ; two black discal points, one before the middle, the other beyond the middle. Abdomen, legs, and underside cinereous. Expanse 6 lines." Ceylon. Genus TIPHA. Tiplw, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 798 (1864). " Male. Wings elongate, moderately broad : forewing rounded at the tips ; costa very slightly convex for half the length from the base ; exterior margin convex, moderately oblique. Body smooth, ratlier robust ; proboscis moderately long ; palpi smooth, slender, ascending, about twice longer than breadth of the head ; second joint much curved, third lanceolate, slightly curved, half length of the second ; antennfe smooth, a little longer than forewings, slightly and gradually incrassated at one-fourth GELECHIIDJE. 517 its length ; legs smooth, leather stout; tibiaa with a short squamous fringe ; spurs very long ; hind femora thinly clothed with long hairs." TIPHA IRRORELLA, Walsiiigham (Plate 209, Fig. 9, i). Head, palpi, and antennaa pale ochreous. Thorax and forewiugs creamy-white, profusely sprinkled with purple scales ; the bnse of the costal margin and the outei- third of the wing are more thickly covered than the remainder of the wing, so that the ground colour is partially obliterated ; a narrow orange-ochreous border runs around the apex and apical margin at the base of the purplish-grey fringes. Hind- wdngs grey, with pale ochreous fringes tipped with shining grey. Posterior tibiiB tufted with whitish-grey, and de:>p purplish-brown scales ; abdomen greyisli-ochreous. Expanse 17.V mnjs. Ceylon. TIPHA TINCTELLA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 11). Head smooth, ochreous ; palpi tinged with purplish-brown externally, long, re- curved, slender, the second joint with closely appressed scales, third joint as long as the second, very slender and acute ; antennae simple, pale ochreous, with elongate basal joint, not tufted ; thorax pale ochreous, purplish-brown at the sides. Forewings bright ochreous, the costal margin broadly smeared with ]iurplish-brown to within one-third of the apex; a small patch of raised scales of the same colour on the dorsal margin near the base; the dorsal margin is shaded beyond the middle with purplish- brown, but this does not reach beyond the anal angle ; fringes bright ochreous at the base, outwardly purplish-grey, the two colours being separated by a slender dark brown line. Hindwings brownish-grey, with pale ochreous fringes, tipped with shin- ing grey. Posterior legs pale ochreous, sprinkled with purple metallic scales, conspicuous ochreous tufts above the first pair of spurs, mingled with a few bright purple scales. Expanse of wings 21 mms. Ceylon. Genus DECUARIA. Dccvarin, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. JI. xxix. p. 797 (18G4). "Male. Wings long: forewings narrow, rounded at the tips; costa straight, exterior border slightly convex, very oblique; veins with the usual structure. Body rather stout ; proboscis moderately long ; palpi smooth, slender, very long, much com- pressed, rising high above the head, third joint setiform, as long as the second ; antennae longer than the forewings, joints elongate, cyathiform ; abdomen extending much beyond the hindwings ; legs smooth, hind legs especially long ; spurs very long. Allied to Gelcrhia." r)18 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. DECUARIA MENDICELLA. Becuaria mendkella. Walker, Catal. Lep. Ilet. B. M. xxix. p. 797 (1864). " Male. Piirplisli-ln-own. Forewings with several gilded longitudinal streaks : bindwings gilded-cinereous. Palpi and pectus whitish. Abdomen whitish along the liind borders of the segments and beneath; legs cinereous, tibias and fore femora with purplish-brown bands. Expanse 9 lines." Cejlon. Genus G^SA. Gasa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 803 (1864). " Male. Wings stout, moderately broad : forewings hardly acute; costa straight, exterior border hardly convex, moderately oblique ; veins much like those of Depressaria in structure. Body stout; proboscis distinct; palpi very long, second joint stout, fringed, porrect, longer than the breadth of the head, with a lanceolate apical tuft, which projects much beyond the insertion of the third joint ; third joint setaceous, curved, a little longer than second, ascending high above the vertex ; antennas smooth, very slender, minutely nodose, shorter than the forewings; abdomen extending more than half beyond hindwings, apical tuft elongate, slightly compressed ; legs smooth, moderately long and stout; spurs very long. Allied to SujjJtronia.'" G-SSA DECUSELLA. Gd-sn decuseUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxix. p. 804 (1S64). " Male. Cinereous-brown ; fringe cinereous, except at the base. Forewings with a very slight purplish-tinge, speckled with dark brown : hindwings with a slight ajueous tinge. Expanse 8 lines." Ceylon. Genus STROBISIA, Clemens. STEOBISIA AURAKTIACA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 6). Head dark grey; palpi cinereous, the apical joint very long and slender, acutely pointed ; antenuEe cinereous, spotted above with fuscous. Forewings bright orange- red ; a slender metallic streak, varying according to light from steel-blue to bright green, extends from the base along the costa rather more than one-third the length of the wing, whence it diverges obliquely downwards and terminates on the discal cell ; its costal angle is followed by a short black oblique costal streak, and this again is ibllowed after a rather wider interval by a bright steel-blue spot, beneath which is a still larger spot of the same colour reaching nearly to the dorsal margin, both edged with black scales ; beneath the lirst costal metallic streak is a similar streak also from the base, running along the fold to its middle, and below this again, near the dorsal margin, are a few similar steel-blue metallic scales; beyond the outer spots the whole GELECHIIDJE. 519 apical portion of the Aviiig is docp brown, illiiniinat(>(l h\ one snbcostal and three siib- apical metallic blue spots; frino-es sliinino- iridescent steel-grey. Hindwings and fringes brown. Legs bi'own, with pale si)ots at the tarsal joints. Expanse of wings 10 mms. Ceylon. This species appears to agree with the X. American genus StroLLsia. The only difference noticeable being that the Cingalese form has the apical margin of the forewings slightly indented below the apex instead of being almost convex. Genus CRYPTOLECHIA. Criiptolerliia, Zeller (IlaiuUiiigar Kong. Svfiisk. Vetens. Akad., lS.")-2, p. 106). CRYPTOLECHIA SPILOTELLA. Cryptolt'dila spilotclla, Walker, Catal. Lep. llet. B. M. xxix. p. 746 (1804). " Male. Brown. Wings broad, witli a yellowish marginal line : forewings slightly rounded at the tips ; with two deep black patches in the disc ; first patch near the base, larger than the second, which is transverse and beyond the middle; exterior border straight, hardly oblique : hindwings brownish-cinereous. Second joint of the palpi squamous ; antennas setulose ; abdomen extending rather beyond the hindwings, hind borders of the segments cinereous, apical tuft quadrate ; legs squamous, rather long and stout. Expanse 12 lines." Ceylon. CRYPTOLECHIA INTERMEDIA. Cri/ptolechiu iiiterinedia, Feldei- et Eogen. Novara Voy. Lep, v. pi. 139, fig. 13 (15*75) ^. Forewing red, the veins along the costa with silvery tips : hindwing paler, with the base dusky. Thorax red, abdomen paler. Expanse 1 inch. Ceylon. CaYPTOLECHIA DILUTICORNIS Walsiugham (Plate 209,Fig. 7). Head, brownish-grey, Avith a lilac tinge, subochreous at the sides ; palpi pale ochreous, tinged -with brownish-grey externally on the second joint ; antennre very pale ochreous. Thorax and forewings brownish-grey with a lilac tinge. Forewiucs of the same colour throughout, with the exception of a few ochreous scales at the extreme base below tlie costa, and three deep brown spots, the one adjacent to the pale patch at the base, the second slightly above the middle of the wing about one- third from the base, the third at the end of the discal cell, the latter being the most conspicuous of the three. Hindwings and fringes pale cinereous. Abdomen cinereous ; legs pale cinereous with an ochreous tinge. Expanse of wings 18 mms. Ceylon. 520 THE LEPIDOFTERA OF CEYLON. This and the following species would be properly included in the Crypto- lechiad^ of Meyrick, but their neuration does not agree with that of the typical Cryptolechia of Zeller. Veins G and 7 of the hindwings are joined at the base, not sei)arate or parallel ; veins 2 and 3 of the forewings are from a common stem, as are also 7 and S. Many species having similar venation were subsequently included in the revision of the genus. CRYPTOLECHIA TRIPUSTULATA, Walsingham (Plate 209, Fig. 8). Head dull brown ; antennas setaceous, pale cinereous ; palpi dull brown. Fore- wings dull brown, tinged in places with faint ochreous ; a small deep brown spot near the base, aliove the middle of the wing a large and conspicuous dark brown, almost black patch beyond and below it, reaches to the dorsal margin, and is followed by a smaller patch of the same colour, occupying the end of the cell ; these are all narrowly and irregularly margined with faint ochreous. On the outer foui'tli of the costal margin is a pale ochreous patch, with a faint trace of a similar marking opposite to it on the dorsal margin ; fringes grey, pale ochreous along their base. Hindwings and fringes pale cinereous. Abdomen the same, with ferruginous bands across the upper side of each segment. Espanse of wings 17 mms. Ceylon. Genus DAVENDRA, Forewing elongate, rectangular at the tips ; costa very slightly arched, apex obtuse, exterior margin erect ; cilia short ; cell three-fifths the length ; first subcostal at half before end of the cell, second at one-sixth, third and fourth fi'om end of cell, fourth bifid ; discocellular outwardly-obhque, slender, radials near upper and lower end ; two upper medians from end of cell, lower at one-seventh before the end ; sub- median witli a lower l_n-anch at one-fourth from the base : hindwing moderately short ami narrow, apex convex, cell fully half the length; two subcostals at half beyond the cell ; discocellular slender, bent below the middle, radial from the angle ; middle median near end of cell, lower at about one-fifth. Body moderately stout, extending f)ne-third beyond the hindwings, laxly clothed with broad scales ; eyes large ; palpi long, narrow, curved upward, tips approximated, second joint reaching above the vertex, widened at the tip on the inner side, squamous, third joint slender, pointed, about one-third the length of second; antenna^ biciliated to the tip in male ; legs robust, middle and hind tibiae hirsute, spurs long and slender. Tijpe, D. Mackwoodii. DAVENDRA MACKWOODII (Plate 211, Fig. 13, q ). Forewing ochreous-yellow ; with an interrupted basal, and a very broad irregular- shaped medial pale violet-brown band, beyond which is a contiguous incurved sub- GELECHIIDJE. 521 marginal series of almost confluent longitudinal streaks followed by a marginal series; tbe medial band wavy on its inner edge and broadly bilobed across the disc on its outer edge, its area being marked with a yellow streak at end of the cell and an outer series of spots curving from the costa: bindwing pale violet-brown ; cilia edged with ochreous. Thorax, head, palpi, and legs above ochreous-yellow ; tip of femora and band on fore tibia violet-brown ; abdomen, and band on thorax also violet-brown. Expanse, hru.v apparitcUa, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 839 (1864). " yEneous. Slender. Wings very narrow; fringe long. Forewings with a broad gilded band beyond the middle. Antennas very slender, a little shorter tlian the forewings ; legs slender ; spurs long. " Expanse G lines." Cevlon. Family GRACILARIIDiE. Forewings elongate ; hindwings lanceolate, ciHa long. Head smooth or rouo-h ; GRACILARIIDyE. 525 antennas as long- as the forewings; labial palpi slender, terminal joint acuminate; maxillary palpi rather long, filiform. In repose, the species of this family sit on the base of the abdomen, having the head raised fi'ora the surface, the anterior pair of legs being put forward, the middle pair rather stretched outward sideways, and the posterior pair placed close beside the abdomen. " Larva with 14 legs ; mining or rolling up leaves."— (Siai/iiow.) Genus GRACILARIA. Gracillaria, Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 527 (1829) ; Curtis, Brit. Eiit. fol. 479 (1833) ; Stepli., Ilhist. Haust. iv. p. 3G2 (1835) ; Duponchel, Catal. p. 371 (1844). Gracilaria, Zeller, Isis, 1839, p. 208 ; id. Linn. Eat. ii. p. 312 (1847). GRACILARIA COFFEIFOLIELLA. Gradlaria Coffeifoliella, Nietner, Observations on the Enemies of tlie Coffee-tree in Ceylon, p. 24 (1861). " Blackish above. Wings with a few silvery spots. Greyish beneath. " Expanse 2 lines." Ceylon. — (Nietner.) " The larva mines the leaves of the coffee-tree, and the ugly white lines and blotches so frequentlj-. — and at all seasons — seen upon the leaves are its work. The larva is 2^ lines long, yellow, flat, naked, imdulated at the sides, tapering towards either extremity ; eye and footless ; head brown, pointed at the extremity ; and one half retractile; it is furnished near the extremity with two. antennal appendages, each with three hairs at the tip ; the jaws are large and quite free at the extremity of the head, moving between two large reniform lips, which gives the head a curious appearance ; the penultimate segment is the smallest and is furnished with two spurs pointed outwards. Pupa If hues long, blackish in the middle, and yellow at the extremities ; the head finishes in one and the tail in two spines; antennas and feet are free at the extremity. It rests for a short time under the epidermis in a sort of cradle." — {Nietner.) Family ELACHISTIDiE. "Forewings oblong or elongate : hindwings lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Head generally smooth ; labial palpi slender, filiform, mostly recurved and pointed. In repose, most of the genera sit closely appressed to the surface on which they rest. Flies mostly at dusk, but sometimes in little swarms in the afternoon. " Larva with 16 legs ; mostly mining in leaves." — {Stainton.) 626 THE LEPIDOPTERA OF CEYLON. Genus OPOGONA. Opogona, Zoller, Ball. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 18.33, p. 504. OPOGONA FUMICEPS. Opoijoiw fuiniccpx, Fekler et Rdgeuh. Koviira Voy. Lep. v. pi. 139, fig. 8 (1875). Pale yellow. Forewings with the outer half, except a triangular costal spot, fuliginous-brown. Cilia of both wings fuliginous-brown. Head blackish. Expanse -j^j- incli. Ceylon. — {Nietner.) Family LYONETIDiE. " Forewings narrow, often caudulate ; hindwings lanceolate. Head generally smooth ; labial palpi short, drooping, sometimes absent ; antennas longer than half the forewing, the basal joint expanded into an eye-cap. " Larva with 16 legs ; mo.stly mining leaves." — (Stainton.) Genus CACHURA. Cachiira, Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. B. M. xxx. p. 918 (I8