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THE

A LIST OF
BIRDS OF LONG
NEW YORK.

ISLAND

BY

WILLIAM C. BRAISLIN.

From the Abstract of the Proceedings of the Linnaean Society
of New York, for the year ending
March, 1907.

E . W. WHEELER
CAMBRIDGE, HASS
10 0 7.

A List of the Birds of Long Island, New York.

By William C. Braislin, M. D.

"All Nature is so full, that that district produces the greatest variety
which is the most examined." White's Natural History of Melbourne.

Long Island, New York, is about 120 miles long by from
8 to 18 miles broad, with a nearly straight coast-line on the
south shore, along the ocean front, but broken on the north
by the more or less abrupt indentures of Long Island Sound.
Its general position is about parallel with the coast-line of the
mainland, trending slightly northward from west to east. The
north shore in general is abrupt and hilly, owing to a low range
of hills termed the " backbone of the island," which, in places
along the Sound, form high, bold bluffs often 100 feet and more
in height. The south shore fronts the Atlantic Ocean, forming
an outlying beach separated, in great part, from the land by
shallow bays and salt marshes. Except at its eastern extremity
this beach is low and sandy, shifting somewhat year by year
under the influence of the winds as well as by the action of
the tides and waves.

At the western end of the island lies one of the largest cities
of the world, and elsewhere are summering towns as well as a
rapidly increasing permanent population. These influences are
changing its natural aspect, but notwithstanding, its bird popu-
lation will probably remain much the same as it is at present
for a long time to come. Its bays and marshes are still famous
as a resort for water-fowl, and its position in respect to the
mainland — its eastern extremity jutting well seaward — makes
it a frequent resort for waifs of bird life lost or driven off the
coast by storms during the perilous semi-annual migrations.
Of European water-birds recorded from Long Island the list
is comparatively long; some birds from the far West have been

:V2

found here and a number of species of more southern and more
northern distribution often wander to Long Island as a com-
mon meeting ground.

1. Colymbus holbcelli. Holbcell's Grebe.

A winter visitant, Nov. 11 (Rockaway Beach) to April 7
(Miller's Place). Seldom arrives until the coldest day of
early winter, and rarely seen before Christmas.

2. Colymbus auritus. Horned Grebe.

Of commoD occurrence during the winter months, but is
most abundant in November, Oct. 15 (Rockaway) to May 15
I Rockaway >.

Scattered individuals and small numbers forming loose
flocks are at the times of their greatest abundance common
along the outer beaches of the ocean front.

:;. Podilymbus podiceps. Pied-billed Grere.
Probably a rare permanent resident.

It has been found only in the bays and fresh water inlets,
never like the preceding species, on the ocean beaches. It is
well within the bounds of probability that this bird nests, if not
regularly, at least occasionally, on Long Island. Chapman
Birds of E. N. Am., p. 57) says of it: — 'Uncommon transient
visitant on Long Island from September to April.' The writer
has found the species in mid-August at Centre Moriches, but
can produce no positive evidence of its breeding. It appears
most commonly in September.

4. Gavia imber. Loon.

A common winter visitor, Aug. 10 (Seaford) to May 31
( Amity ville).

The loons are locally nicknamed " Wheelbarrows" on Shin-
necock and East Bays from their apparently labored manner of
flying. This is one of the birds most secure from the snare of
the Long [sland fowler. Wary and alert, it disappears under

33

water deep enough to cover it, while in flight it is equally sus-
picious of man and his inventions, being rarely deceived by a
blind, however skilfully constructed.

5. Gavia arctica. Black-throated Loon.

Known on Long Island from a single specimen, captured
at Sands' P'oint, April 29, 1893 (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p.
265). It is a species of the far North and its occurrence here
is casual.

6. Gavia lumme. Red-throated Loon.

A transient visitor, September 14 (Rockaway-) to December
30 (Rockaway) and March 30 (Rockaway) to May 11 (Port
Jefferson, Dutcher, Auk, v, 1888, p. 171).

It is, at times, a common bird along the ocean front, espe-
cially in autumn; but adults, with the bright chestnut patch
on the throat, from which the bird takes its name, are rarely
observed here. Most of those found, even in the Spring, have
the throat gray.

7. Fratercula arctica. Puffin; Sea Parrot.

Giraud {Birds of Long Island 1844, p. 374) says: "It
but seldom occurs, and only in winter on the coast of Long
Island." His statement covers the case at present. Two
recent records only are known to the writer: Centre Moriches,
December 15, 1882 (Dutcher, Auk, v, 1888, p. 171) and Hither
Plain Life Saving Station, Montauk, March 30, 1902 (Brais-
lin, Auk, xx, 1903, p. 50). They appear to live at sea while
off the Lono- Island shore, and here, lacking the needed shelter
afforded them by their native cliffs, fall an easy prey to severe
storms. An occasional specimen is thus washed up on the
beach, either dead or so exhausted and bruised in the surf
as to shortly succumb to its injuries.

8. Cepphus grylle. Black Guillemot.

But one record exists for Long Island, namely, a specimen

34

in the Lawrence collection of the American Museum of Natural
History, New York (Chapman, Guide to Local Collection of
Birds, p. 14, 1894). Giraud includes this bird in his work,
hut makes no specific mention of having met with it.

9. Uria lomvia. Brunnich's Murre.

Along the eastern end of the island, off the coast, it is of
regular occurrence, and often common, in winter (Nov. 22
(Amityville) to March 24 (Southampton? Dutcher, Auk, ii,
1885, p. 8).

At this season nearly every severe easterly storm washes
some ashore, some to be promptly buried by the surf-driven
sands, a few to be picked up by the beach-patrol. They are
less frequently and irregularly noted on the western end of
Long Island and those, apparently, have all been seen in
November and December. They have occurred regularly, to
the writer's knowledge, for the past few years.

10. Alca torda. Razor-billed Auk.

Doubtless a regular winter visitor, Nov. 2 (Rockaway) to
Feb. 0, (Southampton, Dutcher).

They are confused by the baymen and life-savers with the
Briinnich's Murre, both of which are called by the name of
"Sea-crow." Both species, in common with the Puffin, occur
on the beach chiefly by reason of their being driven in by winds
and surf. It is doubtful whether even a few survive this ex-
perience. They do not willingly approach the sands in mild
weather, and in the fury of a gale, exhausted with their struggles
and beaten by the surf, they probably nearly all succumb.

11. Alle alle. Dovekie; Sea Dove.

Not common winter visitant, Nov. 18 (Rockaway and
Amagansett) to March 1 (Rockaway); also recorded as late as
March 24, 1884 (Dutcher, Auk, ii, 1885, p. 38).

This, the least of the Auks, occurring on Long Island, seems

35

most immune to stress of wind and water, though making its
home on the ocean like the others. Comparatively few come
ashore in storms. It is believed from the evidence furnished
by Old-squaw gunners, who float their decoys sometimes
several miles from the beach out in the ocean, that they are
nearly as common as the " Sea Crow" {Alca torda).

12. Megalestris skua. Skua Gull.

Casual. The only specimen from Long Island has been re-
corded by Mr. Dutcher {Auk, iii, 1886, p. 432). This bird
was found in drift ice, back of the beach at Amagansett, on
March 17, 1886, by a member of the life-saving crew, and
may have been there for a considerable period.

13. Stercorarius pomarinus. Pomarine Jaeger.

A less common species than the Parasitic Jaeger, it neverthe-
less seems to be a regular migrant from August to November
passing usually at a distance from the coast. It migrates
southward from July to late October (Chapman, Guide to
Local Collection of Birds, p. 15). Mr. B. H. Dutcher found both
species common at Little Gull Island, Aug. 6 to 16, 1888, where
they resorted in pursuit of blue-fish, and until fired at several
times, were very familiar. They were likewise abundant from
late in September until the beginning of November off the
coast of Massachusetts in the same year, attracted by good
fishing grounds.

14. Stercorarius parasiticus. Parasitic Jaeger.
Apparently more common than the preceding species and

similar in habits. April 30 (Rockaway) ; Aug. 6 (Gull Island.
B. H. Dutcher, Auk, vi, pp. 125) to Nov. 9 (Amityville).

15. Stercorarius longicaudus. Long-tailed Jaeger.
Very rare or casual off the Long Island coast.

It has long been the custom to include this species in State
and other local lists, probably properly so, though there is

:;r,

little to confirm the belief that it is a regular migrant along
the Atlantic seaboard. It was for a long time supposed to be
a winter visitor. Dr. J. A. Allen however in "A Revised List
of the Birds of Massachusetts" (Bull. Am. Mux. Nat. Hist,
vol. i, Ism'h expressed the belief that it is found along this part
of the coa>t in fall and spring only. This has been found to be
the case with the Jaegers in general.

Of the few recorded specimens for the Atlantic coast, one is
from "Oyster Bay South," Long Island, date not given, and
another, a "young male shot in the month of October, 1842, on
( rowanus Bay " (Giraud, Birds of L. p. 365).

16. Pagophila alba. Ivory Gull.

Known on Long Island from a single specimen, shot by a
farmer who was "rigged out for ducks in an ice hole on Great
South Bay near Sayville" about Jan. 5, 1893 (Dutcher, Auk,
xii, 1893, p. 290).

17. Rissa tridactyla. Kittiwake Gull.

A common winter visitor, Nov. 4 (Rockaway) to Feb. 27
(Rockaway). It arrives on Long Island a little later on the
average than the Great Black-backed Gull, sometimes becom-
ing abundant bv the last of November.

18. Lams glaucus. Glaucous Gull.

A rare winter visitor, Jan. 2 to May 1. Recent records are
two March 11, 1884, (South Oyster Bay, Dutcher, Auk, ii,
]>. 37), January 11, 1891, (Far Rockaway, Howell and Foster,
Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. Y., no. 3, p. 5, 1891; same record,
Ornith. and OoL, xvi, p. 61). Other records are, Jan. 2,
1901; Jan. 13, 1901; March 13, 1904; and May 1, 1904, all,
Rockaway by Mr. Robt. L. Peavey of Brooklyn, the skins hav-
ing been examined by writer.

19. Lams leucopterus. Iceland Gull.

Very rare winter visitor. A recent record is Rockaway

37

Beach, February 6, 1898, a nearly pure white skin taken by Mr.
R. L. Peavey, and examined by the writer, and later by Dr.
Jonathan Dwight, Jr.

20. Larus kumlieni. Kumlien's Gull.

Represented on Long Island by a single specimen, (Braislin,
Auk, xvi, p. 190). This is an immature bird and was examined
originally by Mr. William Brewster who was inclined to believe
it of this species but deemed it wise to refer it to the former
until sufficient data became available to determine the question
without a doubt. This work has now been done and the
status of this specimen determined by Dr. Dwight (Auk,
xxiii, 1906, p. 37; see also Braislin, Auk, xxii, 1905, p. 168). It
was shot bv a gunner March S, 1S9S, while stooling for Old-
squaws on the ocean, several miles from land.

21. Larus marinus. Great Black-backed Gull.
Common in winter, not usually arriving in numbers much

before Christmas. Nov. 3 (Rockaway) to March 13 (Rock-
away).

22. Larus argentatus. American Herrixg Gull.
Permanent resident, though not at the present time a breeding

bird. Abundant from October to April. During late years
the number of Herring Gulls which pass the summer on Long
Island is increasing. The flocks noted contain birds of vari-
ous ages and stages of plumage. Formerly a few were accus-
tomed to summer at the eastern end of the island only, but
during the past two years they are not rarely seen along all
parts of the south shore during the summer. In winter an
unnumbered multitude of these gulls passes the season here.

23. Larus delawarensis. Ring-billed Gull.

A regular transient visitant; often abundant in autumn;
rare or casual in winter and summer. Sept. 5 (Freeport) to
Nov. 12 (Rockaway); and March 27 (N. Y. harbor) to May
15 (Rockaway).

38

24. Larus atricilla. LAUGHING Gull.

Now a rare summer resident; formerly abundant. Recent
records are -Tune 15 (Amityville) and Sept. 2 (Rockaway). At
the former date the species was believed to be nesting.

25. Larus Philadelphia. Bonaparte's Gull.

Regular winter visitor. Nov. IS (Rockaway) to May 11
(Rockaway).

("ailed "Sea Pigeon" on Long Island. They seem erratic
as regards their arrival and departure. They almost in-
variably occur with ns in flocks of considerable size, their
sudden appearance or their absence bearing no apparent
relation to weather conditions but probably dependent on the
abundance of small fish in our waters. They occur at any time
throughout the winter. A large flock, strung out laterally,
in rapid flight, each individual seemingly striving to outdo the
others, is an occasional animating sight on our bays.

26. Larus minutus. Little Gull.

This European representative of the gull family has been
recorded twice from Long Island, these constituting the only
two records for North America as well. They are, Fire Island,
about Sept. 15, 1897 (Dutcher, Auk, v, 1888, p. 171) and
Rockaway Beach, May 10, 1902 (Braislin, Auk, xx, 1903, p. 52).

27. Xema sabinii. Sabine's Gull.

Casual on Long Island. Recorded from Raynor South,
in] the month of July, 1837 (Giraud, Birds of L. /., p. 363),
and again on Gardiner's Bay, Shelter Island, Oct. 6, 1899
(Worthington, Auk, xvii, 1900, p. 63).

2s. Gelochelidon nilotica. Gull-billed or Marsh Tern.

Rare autumnal visitor. Nesting as far north as Virginia,
it sometimes wanders northward. Recent records are, South
Oyster Bay, July 4, 1882 and Shinnecock Bay, July 8, 1884
(Dutcher, Auk, i, 1884, p. 4, and ii, 1885, p. 38).

39

29. Sterna caspia. Caspian Tern.

Of world-wide distribution, it occurs, probably, regularly as a
transient during spring and fall migrations, though not noticed
by Giraud. May 11 ( Amityville) ; and Sept. 3 (Amityville)
to Sept. 13 (Shinnecock). Recent records are, six specimens
from Shinnecock Bay, Sept. 7-13, 1882 (Dutcher, Auk, i,
1884, p. 34) three, May 11, 1898, and two Sept. 3, 1898, at
Amityville (Braislin, Auk, xvi, 1899, p. 40). They have been
noted, almost invariably, in pairs.

30. Sterna maxima. Royal Tern.

Breeding as far north as Virginia, it is known on Long Island
from a single specimen only, taken at Raynor South, Aug. 27,
1831, by J. F. Ward (Chapman Guide to Local Collection of
Birds, p. 17).

31. Sterna trudeaui. Trudeau's Terx.

Accidental wanderer from South America and evidence of its
occurrence is open to doubt. It is included by Giraud in his
work, the text leading to the inference that he had met with it.
He mentions it as having been found commonly at Absecom
Beach, X. J., on one occasion. Mr. Chapman probably refers
to Giraud's record in stating that it has been taken once on
Long Island (Birds of E. X. Am., 1895, p. 80).

32. Sterna forsteri. Forster's Tern.

Casual on Long Island, breeding chiefly in the interior of
North America and on the coast as far northward as Virginia.
It was twice recorded by X. T. Lawrence (Forest and Stream, x,
1878, p. 13 and p. 235).

33. Sterna hirundo. Common oh Wilson's Tern.

The "Summer Gull" is a common summer resident at the
eastern end of Long Island. It is said to have nested, formerly,
along the whole south shore. May 20 (Amagansett) to Oct.
15 (Fire Island, Dutcher)-

40

34. Sterna paradisaea. ARCTIC Tern.

Apparently a rare migrant. They nest as far south as the
coast of Massachusetts (Mackay, Auk, xii, 1895, p. 43), occur-
ring widelv throughout the northern hemisphere and southward
to South America and Africa (Cat. Brit. Mus., xxv, 1890, p. 65).
The onlv recent Long Island specimen known to the wrriter is
one taken on Ram Island Shoals, by William Dutcher, July
1, 1884. (Chapman, Guide to Local collection, p. 18.)

35. Sterna dougalli. Roseate Tern.

A not common summer resident. It was found nesting
with a large colony of Common Terns at the eastern end of
Long Island, June 19, 1902, by the writer; also found at Little
Gull Island Aug. 6 to 16, 1888, by Mr. B. H. Dutcher (Auk,
yi, 1889, p. 127).

36. Sterna antillarum. Least Terx.

A rare migrant; formerly, abundant summer resident along
the whole southern coast of Long Island. It nested as late
as 1894, and probably does so in small numbers still, on Muskeget
Id., Mass. (Mackay, Auk, xii, 1895, p. 44). "It arrives on Long
Island in the month of May, and returns south in autumn"
(Giraud, Birds of L. I., p. 351).

37. Sterna fuliginosa. Sooty Terx.

The only specimen of this species recorded on Long Island
was taken by Mr. Chas. I^arle at Lake Ronkonkoma, a small
fresh-water lake in the centre of the island, during a gale, when
a flock of considerable size was observed, all, presumably of the
same species, September 13, 1878. (Dutcher, Auk, iii, p. 433).
Numerous records exist for the species in Xew England, most
of them for the years 1876, 1877 and 1878.

38. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. Black Terx.
Common transient in the autumn. July 21 (Amityville) to

Sept. 14 (Rockaway).

11

The writer has been able to obtain no spring records, but
has met with it regularly on the south shore for several years,
each autumn.

39. Rynchops nigra. Black Skimmer.

It is probably a rare but regular summer visitor off the coast
of Long Island.

"It is rarely seen with us except at midsummer" (Giraud,
Birds of L. I., p. 349). A specimen taken near South Oyster
Bay, August 2, 1884, was recorded by Mr. George Bird Grinnell
(Forest and Stream, xxiii, 1884, p. 24), and in the same com-
munication he refers to "a remarkable flight one year ago along
Long Island and the New England coasts." The writer be-
lieves that these birds are not so rare as dearth of recent records
would lead one to suppose. Bavmen who fish outside the
inlets frequently report seeing birds they call "Flood Gulls"
which in appearance and manner of flight are scarcely to be
mistaken for anything else. Mr. A. Chichester, a most reliable
observer, reported one off Amity ville May 20, 1898, and another
record which is regarded as reliable would extend the season of
occurrence here to Oct. 12. It is not known as a nesting
species north of the coast of southern Xew Jersey.

40. Puffinus borealis. Cory's Shearwater.

Probably a regular summer visitor oft* our coast. Aug.
G to Oct. 18. Its nesting place is unknown but is probably
on some island or islands of the Southern Hemisphere. Six
were reported at Amagansett on Oct. IS, 1887 (W. Dutcher,
Auk, v, 1888, p. 173); at Gardiner's Bay in September and
October, 1886 (Chadbourne, Auk, v, 1888, p. 202); at Little
Gull Island Aug. 6-16, 1888 (B. H. Dutcher, Auk, vi, 1889,
p. 128); and at Fire Island Inlet two were taken, Oct. 4, 1902
(Braislin, Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 287).

41. Puffinus gravis. Greater Shearwater.
Occasionally seen off the Long Island coast, it is more familiar

42

to trans-Atlantic travellers and deep sea fishermen than to
landsmen or even to coastwise sailors. It appears in early
June, and is irregularly common until November (Chapman,
Guidi to Local collection, 1894, p. 19). It is called "Hagdon."

\2. Puffinus lherminieri. Audubon's Shearwater.

Rare transient or accidental visitor and known on Long
Island from but one specimen, taken at Bellport, August 1,
1897 (Dutcher, Auk, v, 1888, p. 173). This is likewise its
most northern record.

43. Puffinus fuliginosus. Sooty Shearwater.

A bird of the North Atlantic Ocean and rarely observed
oft' the Long Island coast. A single specimen was shot at
Quogue, in July, 1850 (G. N. Lawrence, Ann. Lyceum Nat.
Hist., v, 1852, p. 220). One was taken at Montauk, Aug. 15,
1907, by Mr. J. A. Weber.

44. -flCstrelata hasitata. Black-capped Petrel.

Normally of the warmer parts of the Atlantic. There is
but one Long Island record, that of a specimen taken at Quogue,
in L850 '(i. N. Lawrence, Ami. Lyc. Nat. Hist., v, 1852, ]>.
220).

4."). Oceanodroma leucorhoa. Leach's Petrel.

Apparently a rare migrant. It breeds from the coast of
Maine northward and is also found commonly on the Pacific. A
single specimen struck Fire Island Light, May 4, 1888 (Dutcher,
Auk, vi, 1889, p. 131). It has been noted by observers along
the coast also in July and August, but these observations seem
not to exclude a possible confusion with the following species.

40. Oceanites oceanicus. Wilson's Petrel.

This is the common petrel found off our coast in summer.
July 20 (Rockaway, W. Dutcher, Auk, vi, 1889, p. 132) to Aug.
17 (Little Gull Island, B. H. Dutcher, Auk, vi, 1889, p. 128).

43

\, . Sula sula. Booby.

There is but a single Long Island record, one bird taken at
Moriches Bay (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 270).

48. Sula bassana. Gannett.

A comparatively common, regular transient visitor. March
23 (Montauk) to May 9 (Montauk) and October 5 (Montauk)
to December 5 (Montauk) and December 4 (Roekaway).
It is most common in November when large numbers are fre-
quently observed, usually far outside the beach.

49. Phalacrocorax carbo. Cormorant.

Apparently a rare transient visitor. Mr. William Dutcher
records a specimen from Little Gull Island Light, Sept. 24, 1888.
The keeper of the light who secured this bird wrote that they
were apparently not rare at about that season but less common
than the Double-crested Cormorant with which they were
usually associated (Dutcher, Auk, vi, 1889, p. 133). The
same observer has reported that on November 8 a number of
cormorants was seen of which about one third were believed
to be of this species {Auk, vi, 1889, p. 200).

50. Phalacrocorax dilophus. Double-crested Cormorant.

This species is a common migrant in the fall. Occasional in
summer. Aug. 26 (Montauk) to Nov. 5 (Jamaica Bay) and
April 20 (Jamaica Bay) to May 15 (Montauk). In flight these
birds are doubtless often mistaken for wild geese, to which
their manner of flying, in an apparently angled figure, bears a
close resemblance. At a distance, at which their color is not
distinguishable, they are, no doubt, often thus confused. Hence,
doubtless, the name " Nigger Geese" by which they are called
by the baymen on Long Island and elsewhere.

51. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. American White Pelk \\.
A specimen in the Long Island Historical Society is from

i I

Long Island (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 270). Another was
killed at Eioslyn, May 11, 1885 [Forest and Stream, xxiv, p.
328).

52. Pelecanus occidentalis. Brown Pelican.

A specimen taken off Sandy Hook, in 1S44, constitutes the
only record (DeKay, Birds of New York, 1843, p. 294).

53. Fregata aquila. Man-o-war Bird.

A straggler from the tropics, it has occurred as far north as
Nova Scotia. One was shot, August 4, 1886, on Gardiner's
Island (Dutcher, Auk, v, p. 173). Another was captured on
Faulkner's Island, Long Island Sound, in 1859 (Grinnell,
Amer. Naturalist, ix, p. 470).

54. Mergarser americanus. Am eric ax Merganser.

A not very common winter visitor, November 4 (Amityville)
to December 30 (Amityville). It comes southward in the fall
much later than the Red-breasted species and a veteran bayman
has stated to me that he never has seen it until the first ice
has formed at the edges of the bay.

55. Merganser serrator. Red-breasted Merganser.
Abundant transient visitor.

As a migrant it is common, Oct. 15 (Amityville) to Dec. 25
(Rockaway) and March 25 (Amityville) to May 2 (Amagansett) .
It is occasionally seen on the bays in thousands. Occasionally
small flocks or single birds are found in summer and large
flocks are not unknown in winter. Eight were seen July 1 1
at Freeport by the writer. They do not breed on Long Island
but they may occur here at any time of the year.

56. Lophodytes cucullatus. Hooded Merganser.

Common transient visitant, Nov. 5 (Montauk) to Dec. 14
(Amityville). Possibly a rare summer resident, for two adult
females were collected in reedy sloughs at Canarsie Junejl3,

i:.

1891, by the late C. C. Young of Brooklyn. Rare in mid-
winter. They are more common in November than any month.
Rare in the spring.

.",7. Anas boschas. Mallard.

Rather uncommon transient visitor. Oct. 3 to Dec. 24.
March and April. They occur in small numbers here, usually
in company with the Black Duck.

58. Anas obscura. Black Duck.

Common permanent resident. Abundant in spring and
fall. At Montauk Point the nest containing eggs has been
found as early as April 5 (1905).

An observing bayman, Andrew Chichester of Amity ville,
informs me that he has many times taken specimens of the
Black Duck which show decided traces of hybridism with the
Mallard. One of these, sent me, showed distinct traces of both
parents; wings and tail are those of the Mallard; back and
breast are like the Black Duck; the cheeks and sides of the
head glossed with green; the breast tinged with vinaceous.

59. Anas obscura rubripes. Red-legged Black Dk k.
Rather common winter visitor. It is largely confused with

the preceding, but the more observing baymen and gunners
regard them as different (Braislin, Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 288).

60. Chaulelasmus streperus. Gadwall; Gray Duck.

A very rare or casual visitor. Giraud recorded it. Mr.
William Dutcher gives records of two or more examples (Auk,
v, 1S88, p. 173). One is contained in the Long Island His-
torical Society collection (Auk, x, 1893, p. 270).

61. Mareca penelope. European Widgeon.

Casual. Several examples of this species have been taken
on Long Island. Giraud recorded a specimen, (Birds of L. I .,
1844, p. 309), three were secured, in 1901, 1902 and 1903, at

46

Gardiner's Island (Braislin, Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 288). N. T.
Lawrence recorded one taken January 6, 1S73 (Bull. X. 0. C,
iii, 1878, ]>. 98) and another, Nov. 27, 1901, from Gardiner's
[sland {Auk, xi.x, 1902, p. 195).

62. Mareca americana. American Widgeon; Baldpate.
Occasionally abundant in autumn. March 8 ( Amity ville)

to April 16 (Montauk) and Oct. 10 (Montauk) to Feb. 5
(Gardiners Island). Sometimes it remains all winter. It is
rarely seen in summer. One was shot in prime condition at
Plum Island, Aug. 9, 1S9S, by Mr. A. H. Helme.

63. Nettion crecca. European Teal.

Casual. This species was included without remark, in
George X. Lawrence's "Catalogue of the Birds observed on
New York, Long and Staten Islands" {Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.,
viii, 1S67, p. 297). Two specimens in company with a small
flock of Green-winged Teal were secured at Merrick in Decem-
ber, 1900 (Braislin, Auk, xix, 1902, p. 145), and apparently con-
stitute the only recent records for Long Island.

64. Nettion carolinensis. Green-winged Teal.

Not common transient visitor. March 8 (Amity ville). Oct.
2 (Centre Moriches) to Nov. 30 (Lynbrook and Lake Grove,
A. H. Howell. Rare in winter and spring.

65. Querquedula discors. Blue-winged Teal.

Not common transient visitor. March 24 (Amityville) to
April 21 (^Moriches) and Aug. 28 (Long Beach) to Oct. 25
(Rockaway); Aug. 27 (Montauk).

'iti. Spatula clypeata. Shoveller.

Rare transient visitor. Oct. 25 to Nov. 29 (both Amityville).

67. Dafila acuta. Pintail;

Rather common transient visitant; rarely wintering. As a

47

rule, rare on the eastern end of the island (Montauk) ; on the
western end sometimes common (Freeport). Occurrences,
Sept. 13 (Shinnecock) to Oct. 25 ( Amityville) ; March 3
(Montauk, A. H. Helme) to March 6 (Amityville). The local
name is "Sprigtail."

68. Aix sponsa. Wood Duck.

A rare summer resident. May 2 (Jamaica) to Nov. 27
(Lake Grove, A. H. Howell).

69. Netta rufina. Rufous-crested Duck.

A specimen was found in Fulton Market, all the evidence
pointing to its capture on Long Island (Ridgway, Proc. U. S.
Nat Mus., iv, 18S2, pp. 22-24).

70. Aythya americana. Redhead.

Locally common on eastern end of island . but rather rare
transient visitor as a rule elsewhere. Sept. 30 (East Bay) to
Jan. 9 (Great South Bay) and Feb. 15 (Montauk) to [March
22 i Montauk).

71. Aythya vallisneria. Canvas-back.

Rare transient visitor. Oct. 20 (East Bay) to Feb. 11 (Am-
ityville).

72. Aythya marila. American Scaup Duck; Greater
Broadbill.

Abundant transient visitor, also common in winter. A few
occasionally seen in summer. September 1 (East Bav) to
April 22 (Great South Bay).

73. Aythya affinis. Lesser Scaup Duck; Little Broad-
bill.

Common transient visitant; also winters, but not commonlv.
Oct. 1 (Great South Bay) to April 28 (Great South Bay). Lo-
cally known as "Creek Broadbill."

■4N

74. Aythya collaris. RlNG-NECKED Duck.

Casual. A specimen from Long Island is contained in the
collection of the Long Island Historical Society (Dntcher,
Auk, x. p. 270). A recent record is at Amityville, Nov. 3,
1898, (Braislin, Auk, xvi, 1899, p. 191).

7.'). Clangula clangula americana. American Golden-eye;
Whistler.

Common winter visitor. Dec. 5 (Great South Bay) to
April (Miller's Place, A. H. Helme).

70. Clangula islandica. Barrow's Goldex-eye.

An example of this species in the collection of the Long
Island Historical Society was secured on Long Island (Dutcher,
Auk, x, 1S93, p. 270).

77. Charitonetta albeola. Buffle-head.

Rather common winter visitant. December S (Amitvville)
to April 6 (Rockaway). The local name is " Butter-ball."

78. Hare Ida hye maris. Old-squaw.

Abundant winter visitor. October 15 (Rockawav) to May 1
(Rockawav).

7(.k Histrionicus histrionicus. Harlequin Duck.

Very rare winter visitor and chiefly on the eastern end of
the island. There are records of about ten specimens secured
during the past 25 years. One of a pair was killed at Mont auk
on December 6, 1900, by Capt. James Scott.

SO. Camptolaimus labradorius. Labrador Duck.

Probably most of the specimens of this extinct duck, now
in the museums of America and Europe, were taken on Long
Island. Mr. Akhurst has informed me that he sent many
skins to European collectors in former years, at a time when
definite labels with skins were not considered essential, all of

49

which were brought to him from the "south shore" by travel-
ling baymen or peddlers. G. D. Rowley believed that the
last specimen of this duck ever captured came from Long Is-
land in the fall of 1S74. (See J. A. Allen's review of Rowley's
paper on "The Pied Duck," Bull. N. O. C, iii, 1878, p. 79.)

81. Somateria dresseri. American Eider.

Rare'winter visitor on the eastern end of Long Island. A
specimen taken at Montauk, March 25, 1894, by Mr. Dutcher
is recorded by R. P. Whitfield (Auk, xi, 1894, p. 323).

82. Somateria spectabilis. King Eider.

Apparently a rare but regular winter visitor. Nov. 13
( Amity ville) to April 21 (Ditch Plain, Auk, v, 1SSS, p. 174).

83. Oidemia americana. American Scoter.

Common winter visitor and occasionally seen in summer.
Nov. 3 (Amityville) to April 17 (Rockaway) ; one at Montauk,
Sept. 17. They are locally known as the ''Yellow-nosed Coot"
andjwhen immature as the "Booby Duck."

84. Oidemia deglandi. White- winged Scoter.

Common winter visitor and known as the "Coot." Oct. 15
(Rockaway) to April 13 (Rockaway). Mr. C. G. Abbott saw
a bird of this species, probably previously disabled, at Gardi-
ner's Island, July 4, 1903.

85. Oidemia perspicillata. Surf Scoter.

Common winter visitor and known as the "Bald-headed
Coot" or "Sea Coot." They begin to be common at Mon-
tauk by Sept. 1. Oct. 17 (Quogue) to Apr. 13 (Rockaway).
Almost every summer one or several, probably because unable
from wounds or age to migrate, pass the summer on Long
Island.

SO. Erismatura jamaicensis. Ruddy Di ck.

Xot ordinarily a common winter visitor, occasionally, how-

50

ever, occurring in autumn in great numbers at favored local-
ities. Oct. 17 (Quogue) to May 22 (RockawayJ.

87. Chen hyperborea nivalis. Greater Snow Goose.

Rare autumnal migrant. Recorded at Shinnecock Bay, Oct.
8, 1881 (Dutcher, Auk, i, 1SS4, p. 34). At Point Lookout
Life Saving Station on Nov. 24, 1901, several flocks were re-
ported to the writer as seen during a heavy northeast gale,
all going westerly, by a member of the life-saving crew. One
flock contained 30 birds. One was noted by the writer Jan.
30, 1902, at Rockaway Beach. One was secured near Sag
Harbor, Nov. IS, 1903 (Braislin, Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 287).

88. Chen caerulescens. Blue Goose.

Casual visitor. One from Ponquogue, Shinnecock Bay,
is contained in the Long Island Historical Society.

89. Anser albifrons gambeli. American White-footed
Goose.

Casual. Several specimens are in the collection of the Long
Island Historical Society. One was killed at Sag Harbor,
Oct. 18, 1SS9 (Braislin, Auk, xx, p. 52).

90. Branta canadensis. Canada Goose.

Common transient visitant; less common in winter. Oct. 1
(Montauk) to Dec. 31 (Montauk) and Feb. 27 (Montauk) to
April 28 (Montauk).

91. Branta canadensis hutchinsi. Hutchins's Goose.

Giraud says of this species, "On the eastern extremity of
Long Island this species is not uncommon. At Montauk it is
known by the name of "Mud Goose," and is frequently ob-
served in company with the preceding species, [Canada Goose]
to which, in the general color of its plumage, it bears a strong
resemblance. In size it is much smaller, though larger than
the Brant, exceeding that species about three inches, [in length]

and having the white patch on the sides of the head similar to
the Canada Goose" (Birds of Long Island, p. 292). By the
baymen and gunners it is not distinguished from B. canadensis
and probably is of occasional occurrence.

92. Branta bernicla. Brant.

A common transient visitant. Nov. 18 (Rockaway) to Jan.
1 (Rockaway) and March 6 (Rockaway) to May 10 (Rock-
away).

93. Branta nigricans. Black Braxt.

Several Long Island records. The Long Island Historical
Society possesses a specimen. Another was killed on Great
South Bay in the springof 1889 (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 266;
also, Auk, x, p. 271).

94. Branta leucopsis. Barnacle Goose.

This Old World species is known on Long Island from a
specimen recorded by Mr. George N. Lawrence (Bull. N. 0.
C, ii, 1877, p. IS).

95. Olor columbianus. Whistling Swan.

Rare transient visitor. Several were reported a few years
ago (Dutcher, Auk, v, 1SSS, p. 176). A recent occurrence
at a near-by locality (Guilford, Conn.) is recorded in early
November, 1893 (Bishop, Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. ¥., 1S93-
4, no. 6, p. 11). A specimen was recently obtained within the
limits of Greater New York in a small tide-water creek of
Jamaica Bay (Braislin, Auk, xx, 1903, p. 52).

96. Guara alba. White Ibis.

A casual visitor. Giraud recorded two instances of its occur-
rence on Long Island (Birds of Long Island, p. 275). A
specimen was seen at Milford, Conn., May 23, 1895 (Grinnell
Amcr. Nat., ix, p. 470). A local name is " Spanish Curlew."

52

97. Plegadis autumnalis. (i lossy [bis.

A casual visitor. Two specimens are in the collection of
the Long Island Historical Society, one from Southampton,
the other from Jamaica Bay (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1S93, p. 271).

98. Tantalus loculator. Wood Ibis.

A casual visitor. A specimen was secured at East Marion,
Long Island, June 21, 1S90 (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1S93, p. 266).

99. Botaums lentiginosus. American Bittern.

Common transient visitant. Aug. 4 (Shinnecock) to Decem-
ber 11 (Rockaway) and April 16 (Sheepshead Bay) to May 5
(Montauk).

LOO. Ardetta exilis. Least Bittern.

Common summer resident. June 5 (Rockaway) to Aug. 28
(Freeport).

101. Ardea herodias. Great Blue Herox.

Observed at Gardiner's Island during first week in July,
1903, by Mr. C. G. Abbott. Probably a rare summer resident
at this and other restricted areas; April 9 (Montauk) and April
13 (Rockaway) to May 21 (Amityville) and July 21 (Amityville)
to Nov. 16 (Montauk). Rarely seen in winter (Foster, Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc. X. Y ., 1892-3, no. 5, p. 2).

102. Herodias egretta. American Egret.

Rare autumnal visitor. It was recorded from South Oyster
Bay, Aug. 3, 1882 (Dutcher, Auk, i, 1876, p. 32); from Jamaica
Bay Oct. 1,1897 (Braislin, Auk, xvii, p. 69); from Montauk,
July 23, 1900 (Braislin, Auk, xix, p. 145). The writer has seen
a number of mounted birds of this species taken on Long Island
concerning which no data other than the evidence afforded by
the skins, were available.

L03. Egretta candidissima. Snowy Herox.
Rare autumnal visitor. The occurrence of several specimens

Photographs by C. a. Abbott.

Young Piping Plover, Montauk Point.

53

was recorded July 11-17, 1881, and July 1-3, 1883, at South
Oyster Bay by Mr. Dutcher (Auk, i, 1884, p. 32). On May 30,
1885, the same observer saw several at Sayville as if preparing
nests (Auk, iii, p. 435). Mr. Louis A. Zerega recorded the
capture of a specimen on Great South Bay, August 4, 1881.
(Bull N. O. C, vi, 1881, p. 248). Latterly they seem to have
become the rarest of the three species of white herons (counting
the immature Florida ccerulea as one) which occur.

104. Hydranassa ruficollis. Louisiana Heron.
Accidental visitant. Giraud says, "A single specimen,

shot near Patchogue in the summer of 1836, is the only indi-
vidual of this species that I have known to be procured in this
vicinity." (Birds of L. I., p. 282.)

105. Florida cserulea. Little Blue Herox.

Rare spring and fall migrant. There are a number of records
for this species. It is believed by the writer that some have
been observed every season for several years past. Recent
records are, E. Rockaway, Aug. 1899; Hempstead Bay, Aug.
1900 (Braislin, Auk, xix, p. 146), and a flock of nine individuals,
one of which was secured, seen at Seaford, Aug. 13, 1902.

10(5. Butorides virescens. Greex Heron.

Common summer resident. April 16 (Sheepshead Bay)
to Sept. 17 (Sheepshead Bay).

107. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius. Black-crowned Xight
Heron.

Common summer resident. April 12 (Brooklyn) to Septem-
ber 29 (Brooklyn). It has also been noted in winter. There
is an enormous colony at Roslvn.

108. Nyctanassa violaceus. Yellow-crowned Xight Herox.

Casual visitor. One was captured alive in a swamp near
Freeport in April, 1893 (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 266).

54

Another was taken at Wading River in April, 1901, by Mr.
A. Hoffmann, and is now in the collection of Mr. Arthur H.
11 rime. A third specimen has recently been recorded, observed
at Orient (Braislin, Auk, xxiv, 1907, p. 1ST).

109. Rallus elegans. King Rail.

Probably rare summer resident. March 3 (Montauk Light,
Dutcher) to Nov. 2 (Bayport, Dutcher). Giraud refers to but
a single specimen known to him (Birds of L. I. p. 210) but Mr.
W. Dutcher records the occurrence of five other specimens
taken at various localities. The latter remarks, "As it is like
all of the Rallidse, partly nocturnal and extremely secretive
in it habits it is probably overlooked and is more common than
it is thought to be" {Auk, v, 1888, pp. 170-177). This belief
is shared by the writer, as several instances, impossible of
absolute identification, however, are known to him of rails,
"larger and more brightly colored than the Clapper Rail,"
having been secured at the autumnal rail-bird "shoots," which
are held at times of unusually high tides in certain parts of the
island.

111*. Rallus crepitans. Clapper Rail.

Common summer resident and occasional during the remain-
der of the year; almost entirely confined, however, to the western
end of the island. The bird seems to reach its normal northern
limit at Long Island, for though repeatedly taken in the Con-
necticut marshes it is certainly rare there (Merriam, Birds of
Conn., 1877, p. 115) while it is accidental in Massachusetts
(Allen, Revised List of Birds of Mass., Bull. Am. Mm. Nat.
J I ist.y i, 1886, p. 235). It arrives about the last of April; nests,
first week in June and continues abundant to September. Col-
lectors on the eastern end of the island have informed me that
they have not taken it east of Shinnecock, where it is very rare.
It abounds in the marshes of Jamaica and South Oyster Bays
and a large part of the Great South Bay. Winter records

5.5

might be multiplied; specific references are Lawrence, Auk,
ii, 18S5, p. 274, Foster, Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc, no. 5, p. 2.
It is commonly named "Meadow Hen" on Long Island.

111. Rallus virginianus. Virginia Rail.

Rather common summer resident. Arrives in April and May;
nests the middle of June; common until last of September.
One struck Montauk Light Oct. 30, 1900.

112. Porzana Carolina. Carolina Rail; Sora.

Rare summer resident. Common transient visitor; Apr.
28 (Brooklyn) to Oct. 23 (Brooklyn). Rare in winter (Robt.
B. Lawrence, F. and S., xxx, p. 6). Messrs. W. F. and John
Hendrickson took a female Sora and a nest and eggs of this
species at Long Island City, July 17, 1889.

113. Porzana noveboracensis. Yellow Rail.

Probably regular summer resident, though but rarely ob-
served. Mr. Dutcher has recorded it from Oakdale, Apr. 29,
1S87 (Auk f v, 1888, p. 177); Mr. Lawrence, from Far Rockaway
Oct. 15, 1883 (Auk, ii, 1885, p. 274). Two other Long Island
specimens are in the Long Island Historical Society's collection.

114. Porzana jamaicensis. Black Rail.

Probably rare summer resident. Several specimens are
recorded from various points on Long Island by Mr. Grinnell
(Forest and Stream, xxiii, p. 24, Aug. 7, 1884). One of these
was again recorded by Mr. R. Lawrence (Bull. N. 0. C v,
1880, p. 117). It has been found nesting in Connecticut, July
10, 1876 (Bull. N. 0. C, ii, 1877, p. 22).

115. Crex crex. Corn Crake.

Accidental straggler from Europe. A specimen was taken
"on an upland or dry meadow, in company with some Meadow
Larks" about Aug. 15, 1885, near Amagansett (Dutcher,
Auk, iii, p. 435). Another was "taken at the foot of the uplands,

.-)(•»

where they join the meadows" at Oakdale, Nov. 2, 1880
(Dutcher, Auk, v, p. 177).

116. Ionornis martinica. Purple Gallixule.

Rare transient visitor. Giraud says of this species, "the
occurrence of this elegant bird on Long Island is extremely
rare " I Birds of L. /., 1844, p. 198). One is contained in the col-
lection of the Long Island Historical Society, taken at Indian
Pond, Flatbush (Dutcher, Auk, x, p. 272). Another specimen
has been recorded from Middle Island, summer of 1879 (Helme,
Orn. and Ool, vii, 1882, p. 118).

117. Gallinula galeata. Florida Gallixule.

Locally a summer resident. Messrs. W. F. and John Hen-
drickson of Long Island City, observed a pair of birds through-
out the summer of 1903, near their home. They had been seen
in previous years and one was taken several years ago on
October 1. During the summer of 1905 the writer with the
assistance of the Messrs. Hendrickson located a nest of this
species at Long Island City. It had evidently been robbed by
('rows for the eggs were mostlv broken. Several adult birds
occupied the vicinity all summer and young were seen in Sep-
tember {Auk, xxiii, 1900, p. 189). One was recorded from
Shelter Island, Oct. 28, 1898 (Worthington, Auk, xvi, p. 85).

lis. Fulica americana. Coot; Mud Hex.

Common transient visitor and probably rare summer resident.
March 23 (Montauk) to June 28 (Long Island City); and Oct.
17 (Quogue) to November 13 (Rockaway). One was observed
by the writer at Moriches, August 15. Local names on Long
Island are "Crow Duck," "Blue Peter" and "Blue Petie"; at
Montauk, "Meadow Hen" and "Sea Coot."

11!). Crymophilus fulicarius. Red Phalarope.

Rare transient visitant. Apr. 30 (Montauk, Dutcher) to
June 5 (Montauk) and Sept. 24 (Montauk) to Nov. 27 (Mon-

57

tank). They migrate along the coast, rarely approaching land
except in storms. Mr. William Dutcher has recorded numer-
ous occurrences (Auk, i, 1884, p. 33, hi, p. 436; vi, p. 134 and
Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1898-9, p. 4). Mr. Robt. Lawrence
has recorded it also (Bull. N. 0. C, v, 1880, p. 117). The
writer's collection contains four specimens which struck Mon-
tauk Light Sept. 24, 1903, and three Nov. 27, 1902.

120. Phalaropus lobatus. Northern Phalarope.

Uncommon transient visitant. April 27 (Montauk) to May
29 (Montauk) and Aug. 5 (Montauk) to Oct. 22 (Ditch Plain,
Dutcher).

121. Steganopus tricolor. Wilson's Phalarope.

Casual. Three specimens are in the collection of the Long-
Island Historical Society, with scanty data. Mr. Dutcher
records it from Shinnecock, Aug. 20, 1883 and Aug. 15, 1885,
(Auk, i, 1884, p. 33 and iii, 1886, p. 436). It is recorded by
Mr. Newbold T. Lawrence from Far Rockaway, Oct. 10, 1874,
and from the East River, Oct. 15, 1879 (Auk, ii, 1885, pp.
273-4).

122. Recurvirostra americana. American Avocet.
Extremely rare autumnal visitant from the South. Two

specimens in the Long Island Historical Society are from
Ponquogue and Southampton, respectively (Dutcher, Auk,
x, p. 272).

123. Himantopus mexicanus. Black-necked Stilt.

Very rare or accidental autumnal visitant. Two specimens
are in the collection of the Long Island Historical Society,
taken by Col. Pike on Great South Bay and recorded by Mr.
Dutcher (Auk, x, 1893, p. 272).

124. Philohe la minor. Woodcock.

Rare summer resident; occasional in winter. April 12

58

(Quogue) to Nov. 21 (Quogue). Mr. W. F. Hendrickson has
found it at Wyandance, as late as Dec. 1, 1903.

[ ? Scolopax rusticola. European Woodcock.
Though having been referred to in various works as taken on
Long Island, no authentic record for this species has been dis-
covered by the writer. The following books attribute without
definite data the species to this region; Stearns and Coues,
New England Bird Life, Boston, 1883, p. 194; J. A. Allen,
Revised List of Birds of Mass., in Bull. Amer. Mux. Nat. Hist.,
X. Y. 1886, p. 20.5. Dr. Allen has informed me that he believes
the reference cited was erroneous.]

L25. Gallinago delicata. Wilson's Snipe.

Common transient visitant. Occasional in winter. April
22 to 27 (Brooklyn) Sept. 1G to Oct. 17 (Brooklyn): Jan. 1, 1890
(Far Rockaway).

L26. Macrorhamphus griseus. Dowitcher.

Common transient visitant. One of the very earliest south-
ward bound migrants to arrive in autumn. May 15 (Amity-
ville) to May 30 (Rockaway) and July 12 (Freeport) to Sept. 29
(Freeport).

127. Macrorhamphus scolopaceus. Loxg-billed Dowitcher.
Rare autumnal migrant. Mr. William Dutcher has re-
corded specimens on the following dates; Sept. 19, 1882; Sept.
26, 1883; July 23, 1884; Sept. 26., Oct. 6th and 9th, 1885.
(Auk, i, 1884, p. 32; ii, p. 37; iii, p. 436). Mr. X. T. Law-
rence recorded one, Oct. 15, 1SS4 (Auk, ii, p. 273) and others
March 20 and Aug. 7 to Oct. 13 (Bull. X. O. C, v, 1880,
p. 154). The March record may indicate that it begins the
northward migration rather earlier than J/, griseus.

128. Macropalama himantopus. Stilt Sandpiper.
Somewhat irregular autumnal visitant, as several years may

59

pass without its being observed. July 28 to Sept. 10 (Far
Rockaway, Lawrence). The writer secured nine of about
twenty seen, Aug. 8, 1901, at Freeport and six on Aug. 22,
1901. Other records are by N. T. Lawrence (Brewer, Bull.
N. 0. C, iii, 1878, p. 148; Auk, ii, 1885, p. 273).

129. Tringa canutus. Robin Sxipe.

Xot common transient visitant. May 20 to May 31 (Amity-
ville) and Aug. 12 (Rockaway) to Sept. 26 (Freeport).

130. Arquatella maritima. Purple Sandpiper.

Rare winter visitant. Recent records are, Gull Island in
1886, Jan. 23 and 24, Jan. 30, Feb. 1 to 10, Feb. 17-18, Feb. 23,
[March 3-5, March 25; Montauk, Dec, 1886; Gull Island,
Feb. 10, 1887; Montauk, Nov. 1, 1887 (Dutcher, Auk, v,
1888, p. 178) and Amityville, Nov. 23, 1899 (Braislin, Auk,
xix, 1902, p. 146).

131. Actodromas maculata. Pectoral Sandpiper.

Transient visitant; rare in spring, very common in the
autumn. May 8 (Rockaway Beach); July 21 (Amityville) to
Oct. 30 (Quogue). Local name is "Creeker," or "Short-
neck."

132. Actodromas cooperi. Cooper's Sandpiper.

This bird is probably a hybrid. The type and only speci-
men ever secured was shot at Raynor South, May 24. 1SS3,
by the late Wm. Cooper, and named and described by Prof.
S. F. Baird (Pacific R. R. Rep. vol. ix, 1858, p. 716).

133. Actrodomas fuscicollis. White-rumped Sandpiper.

Rather common transient visitant in the fall. August 24
(Quogue) to Oct. 30 (Quogue). The White-rumped, the
Least, and the Semipalmated Sandpipers are locally confused
under the name "Ox-eye."

60

Ml. Actodromas bairdii. Baird's Sandpiper.

Very rare transient. Recorded in Sept. 1872, Aug. 26, 1873,
Sept. 20, 1S74 (X. T. Lawrence, Forest and Stream, x, p. 235);
Sept. 20, 18S0, Montauk (D. E. Moran, Bull. X. O. C, vii, p.
60); Sept. 29, 1894, H. H. Taylor, (Auk, xii, 1895, p. 179);
Sept. 17, 1896, Easthampton (C. \Yheaton Vaughan, Auk, xiii,
1896, p. 80); Oct. 31, 1894, Quogue (Braislin, Auk, xvi, 1899,
p. 191). Five were secured at Montauk, Aug. 14 to 17, 1907,
by Mr. B. T. Van Xostrand and the writer.

135. Actodromas minutilla. Least Sandpiper.

Common transient visitor. In autumn this is the very first
migrant to appear, and it departs early. Locally known as
"Ox-eye." May 3 (Rockaway) to May 23 (Flatlands); July
3 (Flatlands) to Sept. 22 (Freeport).

136. Pelidna alpina. European Dunlin.

Casual. Once recorded from Long Island, the second North
American record. (Young, Auk, x, 1893, p. 78.)

137. Pelidna alpina pacifica. Red-backed Sandpiper.

A common transient visitant. May 19 (Amityville) to June
3 (Rockaway); Oct. 11 (Amityville) to Oct. 31 (Quogue).
This bird is called "Frost Snipe" at some localities on Long
Island.

138. Erolia ferruginea. Curlew Sandpiper.

Casual. This Old World species has been several times
recorded at various parts of the Atlantic coast of North Amer-
ica. There is one for Long Island at Shinnecock Bay, May
23, 1883 (Butcher, Auk, ii, 1885, p. 32).

138. Ereunetes pusillus. Semipalmated Sandpiper.

Abundant transient visitant, locally called " Ox-eye." May
20 (Rockaway) to May 31 (Amityville) July 12 (Freeport) to
Sept. 26 (Freeport).

61

139. Ereunetes occidentalis. Western Sandpiper.

A not rare transient in the autumn. July 10 (Freeport) to
Sept. 17 ( Amity ville). It associates with the former species
on Long Island and at times it is found to preponderate in num-
bers in mixed flocks of the two species. It is not distinguished
by the baymen from the preceding.

140. Calidris arenaria. Sanderling.

Very common transient visitant. May 19 ( Amity ville) to
June 3 (Rockaway); July 20 (Freeport) to Oct. 11 (Freeport).
Called on Long Island almost invariably ''Surf Snipe" but
occasionally "White Snipe" and "Beach Plover." It is rarely
met with in winter.

141. Limosa fedoa. Marbled Godwit.

Now extremely rare and a visitant in autumn only; for-
merly, apparently, more frequently met with. Mr. Dutcher
found it at Shinnecock Bay, one on Aug. 12, 1881; three,
Sept. 1 to 8, 1883; one, Aug. 25; two Aug. 31; one, Sept.
15, 1885 (Auk, iii, 1886, p. 436). Messrs. W. F. and John
Hendrickson took one at Good Ground, Aug. 18, 1888.

142. Limosa haemastica. Hudsonian Godwit.

Rare transient visitant. Recorded as follows: — Five, Shin-
necock, Sept. 12, 1882; four, Babylon, Oct. 5, 1882; six, Shinne-
cock, Sept. 1 to 8, 1883; one, Aug. 8, 1884; one, South Oyster
Bay, Aug. 25, 1884; two, Rockaway, Aug. 29; one, Shinne-
cock, Sept. 19, 1884; one, Sept. 24, 1884; two, Aug. 26, 1885;
two, Sept. 13, 1885; one, Oct. 9, 1885 (Dutcher, Auk, iii,
1886, p. 437); also one, Quogue, Sept. 23, 1896, taken by the
writer, and two at Rockaway Aug. 30, 1903, by Mr. Robt. L.
Peavey (Braislin, Auk, xxii, 1905, p. 167).

143. Totanus melanoleucus. Greateb Yellow-legs.
Common transient visitant. Apr. 14 (Montauk) to June 6

(Canarsie); July 11 (Freeport) to Nov. 4 (Rockaway). One

62

extremely early specimen was noted at Montauk, March 23,
1903.

144. Totanus flavipes. Simmer Yellow-legs.

Common transient in the fall; rare in spring. April 25
(Montauk) to June 1 (Rockawav); July 15 (Amityville) to
Oct. 1 (Rockawav).

145. Helodromas solitarius. Solitary Sandpiper.

Rather common transient visitant. Found on fresh-water
ponds and rivulets; very rarely on salt marshes. May 16
(Flatlands); Aug. 16 (Quogne) to Sept. 23 (Montauk).

1 16. Symphemia semipalmata. Willet.

Rather rare transient. Aug. 10 (Rockawav) to Aug. 22
(Freeport); July 31 (Montauk) to Sept. 4 (Montauk). For-
merly, probably a nesting species, though Giraud was not
certain as to this (Birds of L. /., p. 255).

147. Pavoncella pugnax. Ruff.

Accidental. Recorded from Long Island by Mr. G. N. Law-
rence. (Annals Lyceum of Nat. Hist., X. Y., vol. v, 1852, p.
220) and by Mr. Frank M. Chapman, "Two specimens of this
bird in the Lawrence Collection in the American Museum of
Natural History, N. Y., are labeled 'Long Island.' " (Guide
to Local collection 1894, p. 35.) Lawrence in his catalogue
includes the bird without remarks (Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N.
Y., viii, 1867, p. 294). Baird states that it has been frequently
killed on Long Island (Pacific R. R. Rep., vol. ix, 1858, p. 737.)

L48. Bartramia longicauda. Bartramian Sandpiper.

Rare summer resident. April 19 (Montauk) to Sept. 17
(Montauk). It arrives about April 1 (Giraud) and according
to the writer's experience is rarely observed after Aug. 30.

149. Tryngites subruficollis. Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
Very rare transient. Giraud (Birds of L. I., p. 231) says,

63

"almost every season a few are observed" and mentions a flock
of five secured at Gowanus, now a built-over part of Brooklyn.
Four were taken at Far Rockaway in August and September in
1S79 (Lawrence, Forest and Stream, x, 1S93, p. 235); one, at
Montauk, Aug. 26, 1SS0 (Berier, Bull. X. 0 C, vi, 1881, p.
126); one, at Long Beach, Aug. 31, 1894, by Mr. Frank E.
Johnson, apparently not previously recorded; one, at Rocka-
way Beach, Sept. 11, 1904, by Mr. R. L. Peavey (Braislin, Auk,
xxii, 1905, p. 169); another, Sept. 4, 1906, by same, Rockaway
Beach.

150. Actitis macularia. Spotted Sandpiper.

Common summer resident. April 27 (Flatbush) to Sept. 7
(Ronkonkoma). Nests, second week in June and later.

151. Numenius longirostris. Long-billed Curlew.

Very rare autumnal visitant. A specimen was secured at
Far Rockaway on the outer beach Aug. 20, 1873; another Aug.
26, 1885 (X. T. Lawrence, Auk, ii, 1885, p. 273). Two are
contained in the collection of the Long Island Historical Society,
both labeled "Rockaway" (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 272).

[ Numenius arquatus. European Long-billed Curlew.
There seems to the writer no valid reason for opposing the
belief of Mr. Dutcher, who has thoroughly sifted and presented
all the evidence, that the specimen now contained in the Xew
York State Cabinet of Natural History at Albany, was obtained
on Long Island in 1853 (Auk, ix, 1893, p. 390).*]

152. Numenius hudsonicus. Hudsoxiax Curlew.

Regular transient visitant. The bulk of the autumn mi-
grants of this species pass Long Island during the latter half of
July. April 28 (Montauk) to May 13 (Rockaway); July 10
(Far Rockaway, Lawrence, Auk, ii, p. 273) to Sept. 22 (Mon-
tauk). Locally called " Jack " or " Jack Snipe."

[* The A. O. U. Committee has not taken this view. — ed.]

64

L53. Numenius borealis. Eskimo Curlew.

The migrations of this bird are usually accomplished well
off the coast hut heavy easterly storms occasionally drive Indi-
viduals or small flocks ashore, when they may resort to the
uplands or the dryer parts of the salt-meadows to feed. In
earlier days, and then at very long intervals, "flights" of many
thousands have heen seen on Long Island. Such are merely
historical incidents, never to be repeated. During twelve years
Snipe-shooting Mr. X. T. Lawrence met with it but four times,
one, Sept. 12, 1875, one Sept. 10, 1876, and two, Sept. 26, 1884.
(Auk, ii, 1885, p. 273). The records of one shot at Rockaway,
Sept. 14, 1902, and one near Zach's Inlet, Aug. 29, 1903
(Braislin, Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 289) were erroneous, the birds
proving on further examination to he young of N. hudsonicus.
The local name is " Fute " or " Dough Bird."

154. Vanellus vanellus. Lapwing.

Accidental straggler from Europe. A single specimen was
taken at Merrick, Dec. 18, 1884 (Dutcher, Auk, iii, 1886, p.
438). Another was shot late in the fall of 1905 at Watermill
(Beebe, Auk, xxiii, 1906, p. 221).

155. Squatarola squatarola. Black-bellied Plovek.

Common transient visitant. May 19 (Amityville) to June 17
(Rockaway); Aug. 5 (Shinnecock) to Nov. 4 (Amityville). It
is rarely seen in July, but the writer has an immature bird taken
at Freeport, July 11, 1901, and adults were reported July 1, 1903,
and July 6, 1904, at Quogue (Kohbe, Auk, xxi, p. 79, and xxii,
p. 211)."

L56. Charadrius dominicus. Golden Plover.

Fairly common transient visitant. August 29 (Quogue and
Rockaway) to Oct. 30 (Rockaway). The young of this species
and the Black-bellied Plover, both called "Frost Birds" on Long
Island formerly occurred in great abundance after the first north-
east storm of early September. A local name is " Greenback."

65

157. Oxyechus vociferus. Killdeer.

Now rather uncommon, probably never abundant. March 7
(Rockaway) to Nov. 10 (Rockaway). It has been recorded
here in every month and is probably a rare summer resident.

158. ^Igialitis semipalmata. Semipalmated Plover; Ring-
neck.

Abundant transient visitant. April 29 (Rockaway) to June 4
(Sheepshead Bay) July 15 (Amityville) to Sept. 18 ( Amity ville).

159. -ffigialitis meloda. Piping Plover.

Rare transient visitant and summer resident. March 24
(Shinnecock Bay, 1884, Dutcher, Auk, ii, p. 373) to Sept.
3 (Rockaway). The writer found it nesting at Ram Island
Shoals, June 19, 1902.

160. .ffigialitis meloda circumcincta. Belted Piping Plover.
The only recorded instance of the occurrence of this form

is that of a specimen shot at Rockaway Beach, Apr. 30, 1873
(C. H. Eagle, Bull X. 0. C, iii, 1878, p. 94) though individ-
uals of A. meloda are frequently seen, closely approaching this
subspecies.

161. Ochthodromas wilsoni. Wilson's Plover.

Rare transient visitant. Three were taken at Far Rockaway,
May 17, 1879, by X. T. Lawrence, (Auk, ii, 1885, p. 273); one
at Shinnecock Bay, May 16, 1884, (Dutcher, Auk, iii, p. 438);
and one at Good Ground, May 28, 1879 (Dutcher, Bull. X. 0.
C, iv, 1S79, 242).

162. Arenaria interpres. Turnstone.

Rather common transient visitant. May 1 (Rockaway)
to June 5 (Rockaway); August 3 (Montauk) August 7 (Rock-
away) to Sept. 14 (Rockaway). Also called by the names of
"Brant Bird," " Calico-back'' and "Calico Plover" on Long
Island though at Shinnecock we have heard it named " Beach
Plover" and at Montauk, " Sea Quail."

I if,

L63. Hsematopus palliatus. Oyster-catcher.

Casual. In Giraud's time it was more frequent for he says
of it; "Those which I have procured on the shores of Long
Island have usually been single, or at the most at any one time,
a pair, ranging between Raynor South and Babylon. The
baymen recognize it by the name of 'Flood-gull.'" (Birds of
L. l.y p. 222). This name is now applied to the Black Skimmer,
(Rynchops nigra), by those baymen on Long Island, whom I
have met, who know the latter bird. On May 28, 1877, a speci-
men of the Oyster-catcher was shot in New York Harbor
(Robert Lawrence, Bull. N. O. C, v, p. 117); one was ob-
tained in June, 1882, at Green port, and another, March 9,
1880, at Ponquogue (Dutcher, Auk, iii, p. 439).

164. Colinus virginianus. Bob-white; Quail.

A common resident. Nests containing eggs have been found

O DO

in May, June, July and August (A. H. Howell).

165. Bonasa umbellus. Ruffed Grouse.

Not uncommon resident. Half grown young have been
noted by the first of July (A. H. Howell).

166. Tympanuchus cupido. Heath Hex.

This game bird had become almost, if not quite exterminated
on Long Island at the time of the publication of Giraud's
"Birds of Lono- Island" in 1844. It formerly found a congen-
ial habitat on Long Island, especially on the Hempstead Plain,
a large tract of country extending eastward from Jamaica partly
covered with a scrubby growth of trees or shrubs.

167. Ectopistes migratorius. Passenger Pigeon.

The forest formerly occupying the ridge from Fort Hamilton
into and beyond the present city of Brooklyn wras once a favorite
feeding and resting place for these birds. Verbal accounts of
old residents point this out as having been a place of resort for

(57

hundreds of sportsmen and pot-hunters in the autumn, when
the pigeons resorted there regularly on their migrations. One
specimen killed at Flatlands in 1878 by Col. N. Pike is contained
in the Long Island Historical Society collection (Auk, x, 1893,
p. 274).

168. Zenaidura macroura. Mourning Dove.

Rather common summer resident. March 25 (Rockaway)
to Oct. 21 (Shelter Island).

169. Gathartes aura. Turkey Vulture.

Observed on numerous occasions on the western end of Long
Island and once, as far east as Greenport (Dutcher, Auk, iii,
p. 439).

170. Catharista urubu. Black Vulture.

Accidental. Once observed on the adjacent shore of Sandy
Hook (Robt. Lawrence, Bull. N. O. C, v, 1880, p. 116). The
only actual Long Island record seems to be that of a specimen
found at Coney Island beach (de L. Berier, Bull. N. O. C, vi,
1881, p. 126).

171. Elanoides forficatus. Swallow-tailed Kite.
Accidental. Its occurrence near Raynor South in the sum-
mer of 1837 was noted by Giraud (Birds of L. p. 13) and
de L. Berier records one shot by Mr. J. Akhurst in 1845 (Bull.
X. 0. C, vi, 1881, p. 126).

172. Circus hudsonicus. Marsh Hawk.

Probably a rare summer resident; common migrant; occa-
sional in winter. As a migrant on the western end of Long
Island it arrives in middle of March and again in autumn in
latter August. Mr. Clinton G. Abbott found it at Gardiner's
Island, July 4 to 11, 1903, where it had probably nested.

173. Accipiter velox. Sharp-shinned Hawk.

Rather rare summer resident, common during migrations,

(is

rare in midwinter. March 17 (Montauk) to Dec. 29 (Flatlands).
Found nesting the third week in May.

174. Accipiter cooperii. Cooper's Hawk.

Rare summer resident, more common in migrations, occa-
sional in winter (Fisher, Hoicks and Oicls of U. S., 1893, p. 42).
Found nesting, May 16 (A. H. Helme, Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc.
N. Y., no. 11, 1898-9, p. 4); also by Mr. R. P. Brasher at
Hollis, May 13, 1906.

17."). Accipiter atricapillus. Goshawk.

Rare winter visitant. There are numerous records. Two
specimens are contained in the Long Island Historical Society
collection (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 274). Two recent records
are Rockaway Beach, Dec. 18, 1898, and Amagansett, March
21, 1899 (Braislin, Auk, xvii, 1900, p. 70, and xx, 1903, p. 53).

L76. Buteo borealis. Red-tailed Hawk.

Common permanent resident. Xests containing eggs may
be found in May.

177. Buteo lineatus. Red-shouldered Hawk.

Common permanent resident. Xests containing eggs may
be found in early April.

178. Buteo platypterus. Broad-wixged Hawk.

Rare permanent resident. A nest was discovered by Mr.
A. H. Helme at Miller's Place. Records for winter specimens
from Long Island are contained in Fisher's "Hawks and Owls
of the U. S.," 1893, p. 82.

L79. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johamis. Rough-legged Hawk.

Common winter visitant. October 31 (Montauk) to April
8 (Montauk).

180. Aquila chrysaetos. Golden Eagle.

Casual. One is in the Long Island Historical Society col-
lection from Canarsie (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 274). Other

69

recent records are, Gravesend, Oct. 6, 1877 (F. E. Johnson,
Bull N. 0. C., iv, 1879, p. 189); Shelter Island Oct. 19, 1890
(Worthington, Auk, viii, 1891, p. 113).

181. Heliaeetus leucocephalus. Bald Eagle.

Rare summer resident. April 21 (Montauk) to September
(East Bay). This species was noted locally on Long Island
during the summer of 1904 and is believed to have nested.
Messrs. F. H. and Roy Latham report having seen one at Orient
Point, Dec. 24, 1905 (Bird-lore, viii, 1906, p. 19).

182. Falco islandus. White Gyrfalcon.

One specimen is contained in the collection of the Long
Island Historical Society, obtained on Long Island in the winter
of 1856 (Dutcher, Auk, x, p. 275).

183. Falco rusticolus. Gray Gyrfalcon.

Mr. Robt. Lawrence recorded a specimen from " Pond
Quogue" [Ponquogue] in 1877 under the name of Falco sacer
(Bull. X. 0. C, v, 1880, p. 117). The specimen has been re-
ferred to this form.

184. Falco rusticolus obsoletus. Black Gyrfalcon.

A specimen was killed at Flushing, in the autumn of 1875
(Berier, Bull. N. 0. C, vi, 1881, p. 126). There are numerous
New England records.

185. Falco peregrinus anatum. Duck Hawk.

Common in autumn; rare at other seasons. Sept. 18
(Amityville) to Oct. 16 (Montauk); May 21 ( Amity ville).

186. Falco columbarius. Pigeon Hawk.

Common autumnal migrant; rare in winter; not common
in spring. Sept. 5 (Rockaway) to April 30 (Rockaway).

187. Falco sparverius. Sparrow Hawk.

Not uncommon summer resident; common migrant; rarely

7(1

seen in winter. April 17 (Amityville) to Dec. 30 (Lake Grove,
A. H. Howell).

188. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. Fish Hawk; Osprey.
Locally abundant summer resident. March 24 (Rockaway)

to Oct. 19 (Rockaway). At Gardiner's Island, where they
are strictly protected, these hawks place their huge nests on
the tops of bowlders, on out-buildings and even on the
ground on clear spaces at the back of the beaches, as well as
in trees.

189. Strix pratincola. Barn Owl.

A rare resident. There are numerous records and several
instances of its breeding; once at Flushing, May 30, 1S83,
(Dutcher, Auk, iii, 1SS6, p. 439) and Mr. Dan Beard relates
that they nested in the same place, formerly, for a number of
years (Auk, xix, 1902, p. 498). Not previously recorded are
two seen, one shot by Capt. Scott at Montank, Feb. 18, 1903,
and another, Sept. 25, 1901, same locality.

190. Asio wilsonianus. American Loxg-eared Owl.

A rare summer resident. Common in spring and fall.
April 16 (Sheepshead Bay) to Dec. 11 (Sheepshead Bay)
1887. It was found nesting at Selden, May 30, 1SS9. The
nest was in a pine, about 25 feet from the ground, in a de-
serted squirrel's nest, apparently. It contained three young, all
markedly dissimilar in size. (A. H. Howell, Abstr. Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. Y., no. 5, 1892-3.)

191. Asio accipitrinus. Short-eared Owl.

Very rare summer resident; common during migration.
Feb. 27 (Montauk) to Dec. 25 (Flatlands). It was found
nesting at Shelter Island, May 7, 1891. (Worthington, Auk,
x, 1893, p. 301.)

192. Syrnium varium. Barred Owl.

Rare autumnal visitant. It has been twice recorded from

71

within the limits of Brooklyn (George Hayes Coues, Hull. N.
0. C, iv, 1879, p. 31; Braislin, Nov. 27 and 28, 1899, Auk,
xvii, 1900, p. 70).

193. Cryptoglaux acadica. Saw-whet Owl.

A rare resident. There are numerous records, viz.: Fire
Island, Dec. 6, 1884; Merrick, Dec. 31, 1884; Train's Mead-
ows, Queens Co., Nov. 15, 1884; Ravenswood, Dec. 27, 1884
and March 30, 1885; Creedmoor, Nov. 4, 1884; Port Wash-
ington, Feb. 28, 1885 (Auk, iii, 1884, p. 440, Dutcher); Mon-
tauk, Nov. 20, 1885 (N. T. Lawrence, Auk, ii, 1883, p. 272).
The writer has once noted it in Prospect Park. Mr. Arthur
H. Helme discovered a nest at Miller's Place in 1879.

194. Megascops asio. Screech Owl.
Not common, permanent resident.

195. Bubo virginianus. Great Horxed Owl.

A rare permanent resident. Its nest is occasionally dis-
covered on Long Island.

196. Nyctea nyctea. Snowy Owl.

Occasionally a rather common, but usually a rare, winter
visitant. Nov. 7 (Sag Harbor) to February 6 (Montauk,
D wight, Auk, xix, 1902, p. 199). Some winters this owl may
be termed common, at least in the vicinity of the beaches, and
it is noticeable that its disappearance (presumably northward,
for it is said to nest early), is nearly complete by January, for
it rapidly becomes rare after the first of that month. Severe
winters have no apparent influence on its presence here. Thus
during the winters of 1903-04 and 1904-05 it was very rare
and both were "hard" winters, while during the mild season
of 1905-06 just passed it was rather abundant.

197. Surnia ulula caparoch. Hawk Owl.

A single specimen shot at Bay Ridge, contained in the mu-

72

seum of the Long Island Historical Society, is the only known,
existing example from Long Island (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893,
p. 27.")). I have been informed by the late Mr. John Akhurst,
through whom the specimen referred to reached the museum,
that a considerable number of these birds were shot in the
vicinity during the winter in which this one was secured, but
that he had not before or since met with a specimen from Long
Island.

198. Coccyzus americanus. Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Common summer resident. May 30 (Flatbush) to Oct. 23

(Flatbush). Found nesting the second or third week of June.

199. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. Black-billed Cuckoo.
Common summer resident. May 15 (Flatbush) to Oct. 3

(Brooklyn).

200. Ceryle alcyon. Kingfisher.

Common summer resident. April 8 (Montauk) to Nov. 7
(Stony Brook).

201. Dryobates villosus. Hairy Woodpecker.

Rare permanent resident. Its nesting range seems to be
confined to the central and northern portions of the island,
especially where pines are abundant. At all events, at the west-
ern end it is seen only in winter and then, rarely. A set of
fresh eggs was found at Miller's Place, May 4, by Mr. Arthur
H. Helme.

202. Dryobates pubescens medianus. Downy Woodpecker.

Rather common, and fairly well distributed, permanent
resident. Its call note may be heard at almost any time of
the year in Prospect Park.

203. Picoides arcticus. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker.
Mr. Dutcher has recorded this bird from Sag Harbor, winter

73

of 1887-88 (Auk, vi, 1889, p. 136). There seems to he no
reasonable doubt concerning the authenticity of this specimen.

204. Sphyrapicus varius. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Rather common transient visitant. April 27 (Brooklyn) to

May 1 (Brooklyn); Sept. 25 (Brooklyn) to Oct. 17 (Brooklyn).

205. Ceophlceus pileatus abieticola. Pileated Woodpecker.
Formerly rare; now extremely rare or accidental. Three

specimens, the latest from Jamaica, in 1879, were recorded by
Mr. de L. Berier. (Bull. N. 0. C, vi, 1881, p. 126.) Two
specimens, lacking data, are in the collection of the Long
Island Historical Society. (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 275. 1

206. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Red-headed Woodpecker.
Rare summer resident. March 23 (Jamaica) to Sept. 27

(Lake Grove).

207. Melanerpes carolinus. Red-bellied Woodpecker.
Very rare or accidental. Giraud evidently considered it a

nesting species in his time and states that "laying commences
about the first of May" (Birds of L. I., p. 179). Stearns and
Coues state, without giving the authority, that "it has been said
to breed regularly though rarely on Long Island" (New England
Bird Life, ii, 1883, p. 79). Three specimens from Long Island
are known, the last taken in 1895 at Babylon, by Mr. Robert B.
Lawrence (Auk, xiii, 1896, p. 82).

208. Colaptes auratus luteus. Flicker; Golden-winged
Woodpecker.

Abundant resident; also occasional in winter. March 14
(Rockaway) to Nov. 29 (Parkville). Winter records of the
writer are Jan. 8 and Feb. 15. Xests about the middle of May.

Hybrids showing; indications of crossing with the Red-shafted
Flicker of the West have been taken at Fort Hamilton in three
instances, by Mr. de L. Berier (Bull N. O. C, vi, 1881, p. 247).

74

209. Antrostomus vociferus. Whip-poor-will.

Locally, common summer resident. April 18 (Lake Grove)
to Sept. 22 'Lake Grove, A. H. Howell). Less common in the
nesting season than during the migrations, when its distribution,
like that of all migratory land birds, is more general. An ab-
normally early nesting date was recorded, at Oyster Bay, April
26, 1885 (N. T. Lawrence, Auk, ii, 1885, p. 272).

210. Chordeiles virginianus. Night Hawk.

Locally, common summer resident. April 25 (Montauk)
May 8 (Brooklyn) to Oct. 12 (Brooklyn, Prospect Park).

At the eastern end of the island it nests on the gravel-strewn,
sandy wastes about Napeague. Its eggs have several times
been discovered on the roofs of houses in the heart of Brooklyn,
and its call note, uttered while on wing is a familiar evening
sound to the initiated ear. These urban nesting sites are
invariably on roofs with a covering of tar and pebbles, which
simulates not a little the characteristics of the nesting habitat
supplied by Nature. The protective similitude of its eggs to
the pebbles make their discovery on house-tops less easy than
one would suppose.

211. Chsetura pelagica. Chimney Swift.

Common summer resident. April 27 (Brooklyn) to Oct. 6
(Brooklyn).

212. Trochilus colubris. Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Not common summer resident. May 11 (Parkville) to Sept.

17 (Shinnecock). Nests the latter half of May.

213. Tyr annus tyrannus. Kingbird.

Common summer resident. April 30 (Lake Grove A. H.
Howell) to Sept. 7 (Rockaway). Nests the first or second week
in June.

214. Tyrannus dominicensis. Gray Kingbird.
Accidental visitor from the southern states. There is but

Night-hawk ox chimney of the writer's house in Brooklyn.
(The bird was nesting on the roof.)

Photographs by C. (»'. Abbott.

Common Tern's nest containing six eggs, Ram Island.

a single record for the bird namely, from Setanket (Forest find
Stream, ii, July 23, 1874, p. 373).

215. Myiarchus crinitus. Crested Flycatcher.

Common summer resident. May 4 (Lake Grove) to Sept.
26 (Lake Grove). Nests the first or second week in June.

216. Sayornis phcebe. Phcebe.

Common summer resident. March 23 (Parkville) to Oct. 26
(Parkville). Xests the last week of May or later.

217. Nuttallornis borealis. Olive-sided Flycatchee

Not common transient visitant in fall; rare in spring. It
has occurred May 24 (Jamaica, Harry F. Floyd) and Aug. 19
(Fire Island Light) to Sept. 26 (Jamaica). The writer has
recorded several specimens (Auk, xiv, 1897, p. 99; xvi, 18993
p. 192 and xix, 1902, p. 147).

218. Contopus virens. Wood Pewee.

Common summer resident. May 16 (Jamaica) to Oct. 6
(Parkville). Nesting the second week in June.

219. Empidonax flaviventris. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
Rather rare transient visitant. May 19 (Flatbush) to June

10 (Brooklyn) and Aug. 4 (Freeport) to Sept. IS (Brooklyn).
For specific records see Braislin, Auk, xvi, 1899, p. 192.

220. Empidonax virescens. Acadian Flycatcher.
Summer resident, rather common, locally, especially on the

north side of the island, from Jamaica to Oyster Bay and
on Gardiner's Island. May 19 (Jamaica) to July 11 (Gardi-
ner's Island). Nests the second week in June.

221. Empidonax traillii alnorum. Alder Flycat< ber.

The only definite record is that of a specimen in the col-
lection of Mr. Arthur H. Helme which was caught by his

76

house-cat. They are doubtless not so rare in migrations as
one might suppose, from this seeming dearth of specimens
but in their habits they are so unobtrusive that they probably
pass unnoticed.

'222. Empidonax minimus. Least Flycatcher.

Xot uncommon summer resident but local in its distribution.
May 12 (Jamaica) to Sept. 11 (Parkville). It is heard more
frequently in the shade-trees of the "north side" village streets
than elsewhere. Miss Charlotte E. Lee records it at Huntinff-
ton in June. (Bird-lore, hi, 1901, p. 172.)

223. Alauda arvensis. European Skylark.

Apparently a permanent resident at Flatbush and vicinity.
Its song may be heard from March throughout the summer,
as late as Oct. 25, and perhaps at other times. It has been a
continuous resident of this section since 1887 (Foster, Forest
and Stream, xxix, 1S87) and its nest has been several times
found here (Dutcher, Auk, V, 1888, p. ISO and Proctor,
Auk, xii, 1895, p. 390). Imported birds have been liberated in
or about New York several times during the past quarter cen-
tury. The blizzard of March, 1888, was supposed to have
destroyed the colony and no birds were noted for several years.
It was later found to be reestablished and therefore some ques-
tion exists as to its having been actually exterminated. Birds
from elsewhere may have become reestablished but it is more
probable that a small number survived the rigors of that memo-
rable season. It is possible in view of the seeming absence of
birds in winter that they migrate southward, but where they
move to, is not known. The possibilities of ultimate survival
of this small colony, around whose chosen range residential
streets are rapidly closing in, offers a field for interesting specu-
lation.

224. Otocoris alpestris. Horned Lark; Shore Lark.
Abundant winter visitant. November 7 (Rockaway) to

March 18 (Flatlands).

77

225. Otocoris alpestris hoyti. Hoyt's Horned Lark.
Casual on Long Island. (Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., xxiv, 1902, p. 845; Dwight, Auk, vii, 1890, p. L43;
and Bishop, Auk, xiii, 1896, p. 132.)

226. Otocoris alpestris pratico la. Prairie Horned Lark.

Possibly, rare permanent resident. First found on Long Is-
land, July 31, 1886, at Long Island City by Messrs. John and
W. F. Hendrickson, and again Sept. 14, 1887 (Dutcher, Auk,
v, 1888, p. ISO). Two Horned Larks were seen July 2, 1903,
at Montauk by Messrs. C. G. Abbott and P. H. Bahr, doubt-
less of this subspecies. There are frequently found, in winter,
birds closely approaching this subspecies.

227. Cyanocitta cristata. Blue Jay.
Common permanent resident.

228. Corvus corax principalis. Raven.

Rare or accidental visitor. Two records exist; a bird killed
on Comae Hill in 1836 is in the collection of the Long Island
Historical Society; and a specimen taken near Prospect Park
in 1848, formerly in the collection of Mr. Philip Brasher, but
now in the collection of the University of Vermont (Dutcher,
Auk, x, 1893, p. 276).

229. Corvus brachyrhynchos. American' Chow.
Permanent resident, common. Xests, middle of April to

middle of May. Woodhaven, Apr. 30, nest with 4 young;
nest with 4 eggs; Lake Grove, nest with 5 eggs nearly hatched;
May 30, young in nest (from data furnished by A. H. Howell).

230. Corvus ossifragus. Fish Crow.

Common summer resident. March 11 to December (Rock-
away.) On the south side salt-meadows during summer it is
the commonly observed crow. In winter, the writer believes
it to be rare or irregular, but there are records, notably the

78

following: "Mr. Theodore Roosevelt shot a male at Oyster
Bay, Long Island on December 30, 1874" (Zerega, Bull. N.
0. C, v, 1880, p. 205). Mr. William Dutcher has compiled
a number of winter records for Long Island and adjacent terri-
tory (Trans. Linn. Soc. N. Y., vol. i, 1882, pp. 107 to 111).
Nests from May 1 (?) to the middle of June.

231. Sturnus vulgaris. European Starling.

An introduced foreign species, now locally, a common per-
manent resident from Brooklyn easterly to Hicksville (Brais-
lin, Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 289). They nest in church spires,
towers and tops of tall buildings in Brooklyn. Ten years ago
a large colony nested in a huge bird-box, which was evidently
provided for the purpose, placed in a tall tree, near Kensing-
ton station, South Brooklyn.

232. Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Bobolink.

Common summer resident, especially on the upland grass-
fields of the north side of the island. It is now of rare occur-
rence on the salt-meadows of the south side of the island.
May 12 (Flatbush) to Oct. 10 (Rockaway).

233. Molothrus ater. Cowbird.

Abundant summer resident. March 15 (Parkville) to Nov.
5 (Parkville). Occasionally occurs in winter. Two males
were sent to me from East Quogue, Feb. 1, 1897.

234. Agelaius phoeniceus. Red-winged Blackbird.
Common summer resident, locally abundant. February 25

(Montauk) to Nov. 6 (Flatbush). At Montauk, it is the most
constantly present and conspicuous bird in the landscape; here,
but never elsewhere, it has been seen by the writer chasing the
Fish Hawk, after the maimer of the Kingbird, from whom,
likely, it has learned the habit. Nests in both May and June
and perhaps later.

235. Sturnella magna. Meadow Lark.

Common summer resident; March 7 (Rockaway) to Dec. 25

79

(Rockaway); not very rare in winter, especially on the salt
marshes.

236. Icterus spurius. Orchard Oriole.

Not common summer resident. May 11 (Flatbush) to July
18 (Flatbush). Nests the first week in June. Full-grown
young observed July 6.

237. Icterus galbula. Baltimore Oriole.

Common summer resident. May 3 (Lake Grove) to Sept.
7 (Lake Grove, A. H. Howell). Xests the last of May and
later. Locally known as "Golden Robin," "Fire Bird,"
"Hang-nest," and "Golden Oriole."

238. Euphagus carolinus. Rusty Blackbird.

Common transient visitant. March 18 (Flatlands) to May
6 (Jamaica); Oct. 5 (Flatlands) to Nov. 19 (Montauk).

239. Quiscalus quiscula. Purple Grackle.

Common summer resident. Feb. 23 (Montauk) to Oct. IS
(Rockaway Beach). Nests in May.

240. Quisculus quiscula seneus. Bronzed Grackle.

Apparently a very rare transient visitant. One was taken,
Mr. Worthington informs me, at Shelter Island, June 1(>, 1886;
and one at Jamaica South, from a flock of six or seven individ-
uals Nov. 17, 1900 (Braislin, Auk, xix, 1902 p. 147). A
strongly fixed, inland migration route seems to be responsible
for its rarity on Long Island.

241. Pinicola enucleator leucura. Pine Grosbeak.

At rare intervals this species is a fairly common winter visi-
tant. During the winter of 1903-04 an incursion of a very large
number of these birds occurred and they were found abundantly
at certain points on Long Island from Dec. 14, 1903, to Feb. 19,
1904 (Helme, Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 280). Apparently no Mich

so

incursion had appeared here since 1844 (Dutcher, Auk, xxi,
1904, p. 281). Prior to that year they had not been ob-
served since 1S27 (Giraud, Birds of L. L, p. 129).'

242. Carpodacus purpureus. Purple Finch.

Rare permanent resident; more common during migrations.
It has been found breeding at Millers Place (Helme) and once
at Westbury (Dutcher). At the former locality it is regarded
as a regular but not abundant breeder (Howell, Abstr. Proc.
Linn. Soc. no. 5, 1892-93, p. 14).

243. Passer domesticus. House Sparrow; English Spar-
row.

A species introduced years ago and now an abundant perma-
nent resident. At Montauk Point these birds are partially
migratory; that is, they leave during extremely cold weather
and in 1901 they did not reappear until April 11. One fre-
quently sees them in Prospect Park and elsewhere gathered
into huge flocks as early as July first.

244. Loxia curvirostra minor. Red Crossbill.

Common in winter. Sept. 19 (Montauk) to April 23 (Pros-
pect Park). Though occasionally seen in summer and once
found nesting at Millers Place, April 10, 1883 (Helme, Ornith.
and OoL, viii, p. 68) it is probably but rarely an all-the-year
resident. Of six specimens seen at Mt. Sinai Harbor May 6,
1900, one appeared to be nesting (Helme, Auk, xvii, 1900, p. 290).

245. Loxia leucoptera. White-winged Crossbill.

Rare winter visitant. Mr. A. H. Helme observed birds of
this species almost regularly at Mt. Sinai Harbor from Nov. 7,

1899, until January of 1900, when the cones on which they fed
became exhausted; and more rarely to Feb. 7, 1900 (Auk, xvii,

1900, p. 295). They were seen in Prospect Park during the
same winter (Braislin, Auk, xix, 1902, p. 147).

81

246. Acanthis linaria. Redpoll.

Not common winter visitant, of irregular occurrence. Mr.
A. H. Helme has frequently met with it and his collection
contains several specimens taken at or near Miller's Place.

247. Astragalinus tristis. American Goldfinch.
Common permanent resident. Young birds in the nest

have been found as late as October 3.

248. Spinus pinus. Pine Siskin.

A common winter visitant; at times abundant. Oct. 1G
(Flatlands) to May 1 (Flatbush).

249. 'Passerina nivalis. Sxowflake; Snow Bunting.

Not uncommon winter visitant. Often abundant on the
ocean beaches. November 1 (Montauk) to March 18 (Mon-
tauk and Rockaway Beach).

250. Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur.

Rather rare winter visitant. There are numerous records,
(Auk, iii, 1886, p. 444; v, p. 181; vi, 1889, p. 190; xix, 1902,
p. 204). Unpublished occurrences are, Mr. A. H. Helme, winter
1901-2, and Mr. H. W. Floyd, Rockaway Beach Feb. 22, L893.

251. Calcarius ornatus. Chestnut-collared Longspi r.
Accidental. A single specimen taken in company with the

preceding species was secured by Messrs. W. F. and John
Hendrickson at Long Island City, Feb. 16, 1889 (Auk, vi,
1889, p. 190).

252. Pooecetes gramineus. Vesper Sparrow.

Common summer resident; rarely found in winter (Dutcher,
Auk, i, 1884, p. 31). April 1 (Sheepshead Bay) to Nov. 23
(Flatbush).

253. Passerculus princeps. Ipswich Sparrow.

Common winter visitant; but found only on the ocean beaches.
October 12 (Shinnecock) to Apr. 3 (Far Rockaway).

82

254. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. Savanna Sparrow.
Permanent resident. Rare in winter, rather rare in summer;

abundant in migrations. Only one nest known to the writer
has been actually secured on Long Island, at Hicks Island by
Mr. Worthington, but birds in worn nesting plumage have been
found at Garden City by the writer in the middle of July,
and on the salt-meadows of the Great South Bay it is not
uncommon in May, June and July.

255. Coturniculus bairdii. Baird's Sparrow.

Accidental. A single specimen has been taken by Mr. A. H.
Helme at Montauk Point, Nov. 13, 1899 (Auk, xvii, 1900, p.
296).

256. Coturniculus savannarum passerinus. Grasshopper Spar-
row.

Abundant summer resident. April 21 (Lake Grove) to
Sept. 30 (Flatlands). This is one of the most common nesting
species of birds on Long Island. It is found in grass meadows
and uncultivated fields everywhere throughout the island.

257. Ammodramus henslowi. Henslow's Sparrow.

Rare transient visitant. It will probably be found a sum-
mer resident. A specimen was killed Nov. 20, 1901, on Shelter
Island (Worthington, Auk, xix, 1902, p. 204).

258. Ammodramus caudacutus. Sharp-tailed Sparrow.
Common summer resident on the salt marshes. Occasionally

found in winter. April 28 (Flatlands) to Oct. 23 (Flatlands).

259. Ammodramus nelsoni. Nelson's Sparrow.

I have never taken this bird on Long Island and have no rec-
ord of it. It would therefore have been omitted but for the fact
that it is found along the Atlantic coast as a regular migrant at
least as far north as Connecticut. " In late September and Octo-
ber it comes with the Acadian Sparrow to the wild rice grow-

S3

ing at the mouths of creeks that empty into Long Island
Sound" (Bishop, Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. )'., nos. 15-16,
1904, p. 55).

260. Ammodramus nelsoni subvirgatus . Acadian Sharp-
tailed Sparrow.

Rather common migrant, frequently found associated with
the previous species. . Oct. 7, 1901 (Shelter Island).

261. Ammodramus maritimus. Sea-side Sparrow.
Common summer resident on the western end of the island

where, like the Clapper Rail, it nearly reaches its northern limit
of distribution. On the eastern end it is practically unknown.
April 27 (Flatlands) to Sept. 30 (Flatlands).

202. Chondestes grammacus. Lark Sparrow.

An accidental visitant. Four or more specimens have been
secured on Long Island. One was taken at Sayville in wet
salt meadows, Aug. 20, 1879 (Earle, Bull. N. O. C, vi, 1881,
p. 58). Another recorded by Mr. A. H. Helme from Miller's
Place, Nov. 27, 1899 {Auk, xvii, 1900, p. 296) and he has
informed me of the taking of another at the same place about
a year later which, I believe, is still unrecorded. A fourth
specimen was shot at Shelter Island, July 28, 1902 (Worthington,
Auk, xix, 1902, p. 403).

263. Zonotrichia leucophrys. Wiiite-crCwnkd Sparrow.
Rare transient visitant. April 10 (Parkville) to May 30

(Far Rockaway); Oct. 16 (Queens Co.) to Oct. 21 (Flatlands).

264. Zonotrichia albicollis. White-throated Sparrow.
Abundant transient and common winter visitant. Sept. 22

(Lake Grove, A. H. Howell) to May 20 (Jamaica South).

265. Spizella monticola. Tree Sparrow.

Abundant winter visitant. November 5 (Flatlands) to
March 30 (Lake Grove).

266. Spizella socialis. Ciiippixc; Sparrow.

Common summer resident. April 1 (Lake Grove) to Oct.
26 (Bay Ridge). Nests the middle of June and in July. Young
unable to fly, observed as late as August 22.

267. Spizella pusilla. Field Sparrow.

Common summer resident. March 27 (Rockaway Beach)
to Oct. 26 (Lake Grove). Nests in June and July.

268. Junco hyemalis. Jtjnco; Snow-bird.

Common winter visitant. Sept. 26 (Parkville) to May 5
(Montauk).

269. Melospiza cinerea melodia. Song Sparrow.
Abundant resident. Nests by April 22 (Flatbush). Proba-
bly this is the most generally distributed of our sparrows for it is
found alike in rich, cultivated country, in wooded regions and
on wind-swept, sandy islands where vegetation and shelter are
meagre.

270. Melospiza lincolnii. Lincoln's Sparrow.

Rare transient visitant. May 9 (Fire Island Light) to May
12 (Jamaica South) and Sept. 9 (Orient) to Nov. 29 (Parkville).
Strange to say, Giraud did not credit this species to Long Island.
It was met with by Mr. de L. Berier at Fort Hamilton, Oct.
8, 1880 {Bull. N. 6. C, vi, 1881, p. 126). Three which struck
the Fire Island Lighthouse, the night of May 9, 1882, were re-
corded a few years ago (Dutcher, Auk, i, p. 31; also p. 175).
It was met with at Parkville, Nov. 27, 1894, by Mr. F. E.
Johnson, and the writer has taken specimens as follows, Park-
ville, Sept 28, 1895; Jamaica South, May 12, 1900; Flatlands,
Sept. 29, 1900.

271. Melospiza georgiana. Swamp Sparrow.

Uncommon summer resident, common transient visitant;
rare in winter. April 16 (Flatlands) to Nov. 17 (Flatbush).

85

272. Passerella iliaca. Fox Sparrow.

Common transient visitant. March 7 (Prospect Park) to
April 18 (Parkville, and Oct. 14 (Prospect Park) to December
25 (Flatbush).

273. Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Towhee; Chewink.

Common summer resident. April 23 (Parkville) to Oct.
23 (Flatlands). It occasionally winters (Floyd, Auk, xv, 1898,
p. 190 and Hendrickson, Auk, xx, 1903, p. 216). Xests are
sometimes found with eggs late in the season. At Lake Grove,
Air. Howell found two nests, each with four eggs on Aug. 4.

274. Cardinalis cardinalis. Cardinal.

Rare summer resident. This bird like the Carolina Wren,
is probably now much rarer than before the thorough clear-
ing off of the extensive woodlands and undergrowth of the
island, especially at the western end, where it was formerly
common. Even in 1884 a nest was found in Prospect Park
(Adney, Auk, i, 1884, p. 390). Several other recent records
are, Far Rockaway Sept. 7, 1884 (R. B. Lawrence, Forest and
Stream, xxiii, p. 144); Seaford, Dec. 1, 1890 (Dutcher, Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., 1892, p. 1). Two were seen at Prospect
Park, April 11, 1902, by Mr. C. G. Abbott and on March 26,
same year and place, a male was seen by the writer. On Long
Island it seems, at present, to be extremely rare, though common
in the lower Hudson River valley and found in Central Park,
New York city.

27-"). Zamelodia ludoviciana. Rose-breasted Grosbeak.

This species is apparently only an uncommon migrant. May
3 (Miller's Place, A. H. Helme) to May 12 (Jamaica South);
Sept. 25 (Parkville). Though this territory lies within its
breeding range, we have been unable to establish any data
concerning its nesting here or its presence during the breeding
season.

86

276. Guiraca cserulea. Blue Grosbeak.

Extremely rare casual visitor. Two specimens from Long
[sland have been recorded, one by Mr. E. P. Bicknell {Bull.
N . 0. C, hi, 1878, p. 132), and another by Mr. Dutcher
(Auk, \, 1893, p. 270). De Kay records a specimen taken on
Manhattan Island, N. Y. City, May 15, 1838 (Birds of N. Y.
1843, p. 146).

J77. Cyanospiza cyanea. Indigo Bunting.

Common summer resident. April 27 (Jamaica) to Oct. 1
(Flatlands). Nests have been taken in June.

_}7n. Cyanospiza ciris. Painted Bunting.

Several specimens were taken by the late Mr. Akhurst many
years ago; two in Brooklvn and several others on the Lono;
Island shore near the Narrows (Bicknell Bull. X. 0. C,
iii, 1878, p. 132). These showed no evidence of being cage-
birds, yet from the fact of this species being commonly caged,
it is considered proper to include them in the list only as possible
stragglers.

279. Spiza americana. Dickcissel; Black-throated Bunt-
ing.

Accidental. Two specimens arc recorded by Mr. Dutcher,
taken at Miller's Place by Mr. Helme Sept. 29, and another at
the same locality, Oct. 10, 1888 (Auk, vi, 1889, p. 137). Mr.
F. E. Johnson shot a specimen at Parkville, August 25, 1890
(Auk, viii, 1891, p. 116). A curious fact connected with this
species is that it was formerly a common summer resident on
Long Island. Giraud so refers to it, stating the times of its
arrival and departure (Birds of L. /., p. 100).

280. Calamospiza melancorys. Lark Bunting.

Accidental visitant from the Western Plains. A single
specimen taken at Montauk Point, Sept. 4, 1888 (Evans, Auk,
vi, 1SS9, p. 192).

281. Piranga ery thro me las. Scarlet Tanager.

Common summer resident. May 8 (Cold Spring Harbor)
to Oct. 12 (Fire Island Light).

282. Piranga rubra. Summer Tanager.

Rare casual visitor. A considerable number of records of
this species exist; also one instance of its probable breeding at
Long Island City (Hendrickson, May 16, 1883, Auk, i, 1884,
p. 290). Most instances of its occurrence, however, have been
at points on the eastern end of the island where its presence
was perhaps due to its survival from long flights over the sea.
where it had been driven by storms while migrating. The early
dates of its occurrence on the eastern end of Long Island are
about synchronous with its average spring appearance in Louisi-
ana and Florida (Auk, xix, 1902, p. 148). The following are
the records of occurrence; Sag Harbor, April 7, 1886, Bridg-
hampton, May 1, Merrick, May 14, 1886 (Auk, iii, 1886, p.
442) Manor, April, 1886, Promised Land, April 1886 (Auk, i,
1888, p. 181) Setauket, Apr. 11, 1901 (Auk, xix, 1902, p. 291)
all by Mr. Butcher; Ditch Plain, Montauk, April 8, 1901,
(Braislin, Auk, xix, p. 147); Shelter Island, Apr. 9, 1902
(Worthington, Auk, xix, p. 402). The specimen obtained
April 8, 1901, was picked up, almost dead, on the beach by
Capt. J. G. Scott. Its stomach contained only a little sand.
It is probable that some birds, exhausted by their struggles
to escape the sea succumb to hunger and cold even when their
attempts to reach land have succeeded.

283. Progne subis. Purple Martin.

Locally a common summer resident. April 2 (Montauk)
to Sept. 17 (Lake Grove).

284. Petrochelidon lunifrons. Cliff Swallow.

Rare summer resident. August 2 (Shinnecock) ; August
29 (Centre Moriches). Mr. Worthington of Shelter Island in
1904 wrote me, "I can remember when about 50 pairs nested

88

under the eaves of our barn but now it is rare to see more than
two or three nests together."

285. Hirundo erythrogaster. Barn Swallow.

Common summer resident. March 16 (Montauk) to Sept.
24 (Flatlands). Nest building by May 1, complement of eggs
May 30.

286. Iridoprocne bicolor. Thee Swallow.

Locally, a rare summer resident. At Shelter Island where
it formerly nested commonly, it is now, as at almost every other
part of the island, only an abundant migrant. March 19 (Rock-
away) to May 15 OYoodhaven) and July 28 (Rockaway) to
Oct. 28 (Parkville); once seen at Miller's Place by Mr. Helme
Nov. 25.

287. Riparia riparia. Bank Swallow.

Locally, common summer resident. Nest-building, April 28
(Montauk) to September (Rockaway Beach).

288. Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Rough-winged Swallow.

Rare summer resident. This species was found April 19,
1878, at New Utrecht (Berier, Bull N. 0. C, vi, 1881, p. 126).
It was found nesting at Shelter Island, June 3, 1893 (Sargent,
Auk, x, 1S93, p. 369) and likewise nesting at same place, June
16, 1893 and June 12, 1899 as reported to me by Mr. Worthlng-
ton.

289. Ampelis garrulus. Bohemian Waxwing.

Giraud states that several specimens were shot on Long
Island in 1830 and 1832 (Birds of L. L, p. 145). There are
no recent records.

290. Ampelis cedrorum. Cedar Waxwing.

Common permanent resident. Mr. A. H. Howell has found
newly incubated eggs July 7. Locally known as "Cherry Bird."

89

291. Lanius borealis. Northern Shrike.

Rather common winter visitant. Oct. 2(5 (Montauk) to
March 19 (Prospect Park, Brooklyn).

292. Lanius ludovicianus migrans. Migrant Shrike.

Rare transient visitant. On Long Island it seems to occur
with considerable regularity in August, for Mr. Helme in-
forms me that he has frequently found it at Miller's Place
during that month. Mr. Wm. Dutcher has recorded it at
Springs, Aug. 28, 1888 (Auk, vi, 1889, p. 138).

293. Vireo olivaceus. Red-eyed Vireo.

Very common summer resident. May 5 (Prospect Park)
to Oct. 31 (Miller's Place, A. H. Helme). It is found nesting
by the first of June.

294. Vireo philadelphicus. Philadelphia \ ireo.

Rare transient visitant. It has been recorded from Far
Rockaway, Sept. 25, 1879 (N. T. Lawrence, Auk, ii, 1885, p.
272); Montauk Light, Sept, 20, 1893 (Dutcher); Shelter Island,
Sept. 18, 1901 (Worthington, Auk, xix, 1902, p. 89); Jamaica
South, Sept. 14, 1900 (Cherrie, Auk, xix, 1902, p. 210).

295. Vireo gilvus. Warbling Vireo.

Rare and local summer resident. May 8 (Parkville) to Sept.
16 (Parkville). It has been recorded as nesting at Parkville,
June 11, 1900 (Braislin, Auk, xix, 1902, p. 148).

296. Vireo fiavifrons. Yellow-throated Vireo.

Not uncommon summer resident and regularly found in
suitable localities. April 23 (Parkville) to Aug. 24 (Lake
Grove). Huntington, June 1901 (Charlotte Lee, Bird Lore,
iii, p. 172.)

297. Vireo solitarius. Blue-headed Vireo.

Uncommon transient visitant. April 30 (Parkville) to May
7 (Parkville) and Oct. 11 (Flatlands).

90

298. Vireo noveboracensis. White-eyed VlREO.

Common summer resident. May 8 (Cold Spring) to Sept.
13 (Lake Grove). Nests the first of June.

299. Mniotilta varia. Black-and-white Warbler.
Common summer resident. April 19 (Prospect Park) to

( )c t. 1 (Prospect Park).

300. Protonotaria citrea. Prothonotary Warbler.
Accidental visitant. There arc but two records; Montauk

Point, Aug. 26, 1SS6 (Dutcher, Auk, v, 1888, p. 182), and Ja-
maica, May 1849 (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 270).

301. Helmitheros vermivorus. Worm-eating Warbler.
Rare transient. Not as yet found breeding or in the

nesting season. A number of specimens have been secured;
notably, five which struck Fire Island Light, Aug. 28, 1898.
(Dutcher, Absir. Proc. Linn. Soc. of N. Y., no. 11, 1898-99,
p. .").); one, Prospect Park (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p. 276);
two have been taken at Miller's Place by Mr. Helme, Sept. 21,
L889 and May 1(1, 1892; and one, Parkville, Sept. 16, 1896
(Braislin, Auk, xiv, 1897, p. 100).

302. Helminthophila pinus. Blue-winged Warbler.
Common summer resident in suitable localities on the west-
ern end of Long Island; elsewhere rare. May 2 (Jamaica) to
September ?

[Helminthophila lawrencei. Lawrence's Warbler.

This rare bird supposedly a hybrid has been but once secured
on Long Island, namely at Cold Spring Harbor, May 8, 1902
(Braislin, Auk, xx, 1903, p. 53).]

[Helminthophila lencobronchialis. Brewster's Warbler.

Though somewhat less rare than the preceding, and like it
a supposed hybrid between the Blue-winged and Golden-

91

winged Warbler, it has been once recorded from Long Island;
a specimen secured by Mr. A. H. Howell, May 10, 1892, at
Parkville (Auk, ix, 1892, p. 306).]

303. Helminthophila chrysoptera. Golden-winged Warbler.
Rare transient visitant. The Lawrence Collection in the

American Museum of Natural History, -New York, contains a
specimen, shot August 15, 1831, by J. F. Ward. A specimen
was taken at Oyster Bay, May 10, 1878, by Mr. Theodore
Roosevelt. Mr. A. H. Howell took one at Parkville, May 11,
1893 (Auk, xi, 1894, p. S3) and another was secured at the
same locality by the writer, Aug. 29, 1896. Mr. A. H. Helme
has obtained several at Miller's Place.

304. Helminthophila ruficapilla. Xashville Warbler.
Rare transient visitant; possibly, summer resident. One

specimen was taken at Miller's Place by Mr. Helme June 13,
1892. Other dates are, two on May 8, 1892. at Brooklyn
(Howell, Auk, ix, 1892, p. 309); two at Jamaica May 6, 1898,
and one at Jamaica Sept. 26, 1898, by the writer. One speci-
men from Prospect Park is contained in the collection of the
Long Island Historical Society. (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893, p.
277). Mr. Helme's dates besides the above are May 9,10,
13, 15, 16, 24, 1882; May 15, Sept. 10, 18S3; May 13, 1886;
Oct. 15, 1888.

305. Helminthophila celata. Oraxge-crowxed Warbler.
Accidental visitant. Mr, Howell secured a specimen at

Flatbush Oct. 12, 1892 (Auk, x, 1893, p. 90); one is contained
in the Collection of the Long Island Historical Society (Auk,
x, 1893, p. 277) and one was met with by Mr. Helme in the
autumn of 1893 (Absfr. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. Y., 1894, no. 6,
p. 11).

306. Helminthophila peregrina. Tennessee Warbi er.
Rather rare transient visitant and only met with, thus far,

92

in autumn. The writer has obtained specimens as follows.
Sept. 28, 1895, and Aug. 27, 189S, Parkville; Sept. 8, Sept. 20,
1898, Jamaica; Mr. Howell, Sept. 20, 1893 and Oct. 3, 1S94
at Lake Grove. There are numerous other records.

Compsothlypis americana usnea. Northern Parula
Warbler.

Locally common summer resident. Abundant transient visi-
tant. May 2 (Flatbush) to May 22 (Jamaica) and Sept. 4
to Oct. 1 (both Jamaica); also Oct. 11 (Fire Island Light,
.1///;, i, p. 170). Mr. Arthur H. Howell found it breeding at
Locust Grove (June 5, two nests), at Ronkonkoma in varying
numbers from year to year; on Gardiner's Island it nests (Chap-
man, Bird-Lore, v, 1903, p. 179) and Mr. C. G. Abbott has
also found it nesting commonly there.

308. Dendroica tigrina. Cape May Warbler.

Rare transient visitant. A specimen was taken at Shelter
Island, May 11, 1893 (Worthington, Auk x, 1893, p. 303)
and one at Canarsie, Sept. 12, 1894 (Braislin, Auk, xiii, 1896,
p. 87). Several other specimens without data, are known to
the writer.

309. Dendroica sestiva. Yellow Warbler.

Common summer resident. April 18 (Montauk) to Sept. 20
(Fire Island).

310. Dendroica caerulescens. Black-throated Blue War-

■

BLER.

Common transient visitant. May 7 (Parkville) to May 27
(Jamaica South); August 29 (Parkville) to Oct. 10 (Wood-
haven).

311. Dendroica coronata. Myrtle Warbler.

Common transient visitant; Oct. 5 (Parkville) to May 15
(Flatbush). It is found the winter through at Rockaway

93

Beach. Its food, in winter, judging from the stomachs exam-
ined, is exclusively the fruit of the cedar and baybeny.

312. Dendroica maculosa. Magnolia Warbler.

Common transient visitant. May 5 (Parkville) to May 28
(Jamaica) and August 27 (Flatlands) to Oct. 12 (Flatlands).

313. Dendroica caerulea. Cerulean Warbler.
Accidental. One record, a single specimen in the collection

of the Long Island Historical Society, taken at Crow Hill,
Brooklyn (Auk, x, 1893, p. 277).

314. Dendroica pensylvanica. Chestnut-sided Warbler.

Common transient visitant. May 1 (Jamaica South) to
May 28 (Jamaica) and Sept. 12 (Jamaica) to Sept. 29 (Flat-
lands).

315. Dendroica castanea. Bay-breasted Warbler.

Rare transient visitant. May 16 (Miller's Place, A. H.
Helme) to May 29 (Flatlands) and Sept. 12 (Miller's Place,
A. H. Helme) to Sept. 29 (Miller's Place).

316. Dendroica striata. Black-poll Warbler.

Common transient. May 11 (Parkville) to June 3 (Jamaica)
and Sept. 9 (Fire Island Light) to Oct. 20 (Fire Island Light).
Of 595 birds killed by striking Fire Island Light, the night of
Sept. 23, 1887, 356 were of this species.

317. Dendroica blackburnise. Blackburnian Warbler.

Not uncommon transient visitant. May 6 (Jamaica) to
May 28 (Parkville) and Sept. 5 (Jamaica) to Sept. 29 (Fire
Island, Dutcher^/r, i, 18S4, p. 178).

318. Dendroica dominica. Yellow-throated Warbler.

Accidental, one record, Brooklyn (Dutcher, Auk, x, 1893,
p. 277).

'.II

319. Dendroica virens. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER.
Rare summer resident, common transient visitant. On May

30, Mr. A. H. Helme found a pair ready to breed. They were
on the hills near the shore of Long Island Sound. It has been
found nesting on the opposite shore of the Sound at Saybrook
Point by Mr. J. N. Clark.

320. Dendroica vigorsii. Pine Warbler.

Common summer resident. April 7 (Lake Grove) to Aug. 2
(Canoe Place). Xests in the scrub pines. Nests containing
eggs have been found by May 4 (A. H. Helme).

The town of Central Park, marks the western limit of the
scrub pines and likewise, according to the writer's observation,
the breeding range of this species on Long Island.

321. Dendroica palmarum. Palm Warbler.

Rare transient visitant. Apr. 18 (Parkville); Sept. 7 (Mon-
tauk, Dwight) to Oct. 10 (Parkville).

:\22. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea. Yellow Palm War-
bler.

Not uncommon transient visitant. April 11 (Prospect Park,
C. G. Abbott) to April 30 (Parkville); Oct. 11 (Flatlands) to
October 30 (Sheepshead Bay).

323. Dendroica discolor. Prairie Warbler.

Rather common summer resident. May 2 (Jamaica) to
September 11 (Parkville). Xests late in June.

324. Seiurus aurocapillus. Oven-bird.

Common summer resident, generally distributed. April 30
(Parkville) to Oct. 3 (Parkville). Although found among the
stunted trees nestling among the sand-dunes, in the near vi-
cinity of the ocean, it nests more abundantly inland.

325. Seiurus noveboracensis. Water-Thrush.

Common transient visitant. May 7 (Flatlands) to May 27

95

(Jamaica); Aug. 20 (Jamaica) to Oct. 11 (Flatlands) Aug.
14 (Fire Island Light, Dutcher, Auk, ii, 1884, p. 175).

326. Seiurus noveboracensis grinnelli. Grinneli/s Water-
Thrush.

Rare transient or accidental visitant. Mr. A. H. Helme has
a typical specimen of this race taken at Miller's Place.

327. Seiurus motacilla. Louisiana Water-Thrush.

Rare summer resident. In several suitable localities along
the north shore this species may be found in summer.

328. Geothlypis formosa. Kentucky Warbler.

Possibly a very rare summer resident. In the Lawrence
Collection a specimen from Raynor South bears date of May
18, 1834; Mr. Dutcher has recorded but two specimens, viz. :
Fire Island Light, Aug. 18, 1888 (Auk, vi, 1889, p. 139), and
Flatlands, May (Auk, x, 1893, p. 277).

329. Geothlypis agilis. Connecticut Warbler.

Not uncommon transient visitant; sometimes common, in
autumn. Sept. 4 (Freeport) to Oct. 12 (Fire Island Light,
Dutcher).

330. Geothlypis Philadelphia. Mourning Warbler.

Rare transient visitant. Giraud speaks of one having been
obtained by Mr. Bell (Birds of L. I. p. 65) and one was
obtained by G. B. Brainerd at New Lots, June, 1862 (Howell,
Auk, xvi, 1899, p. So).

331. Geothlypis trichas brachydactyla. Maryland Yellow-
throat.

Common summer resident. May 1 (Jamaica) to Oct. 25
(Parkville). Xest, May 30.

332. Icteria virens. Yellow-breasted Chat.

Locally common summer resident. May 2 (Miller's Place,
A. H. Helme) to Oct. 2 (Montauk).

96

333. Wilsonia mitrata. Hooded Warbler.

Hare visitant. Numerous records, (A. H. Howell, Auk, xi,
1894, p. 84; Dutcher, Abstr. Proc.Linn. Soc.N. Y ., 1898-9,
no. 11, p. 5, etc.).; Apr. 30 (Parkville, A. H. Howell) to May 16
(Shelter Island, Dutcher); Aug. 28 (Fire Island Light) to
Sept. 2 (Parkville).

334. Wilsonia pusilla. Wilson's Black-cap Warbler.

Rather rare transient visitant. Several have been obtained
at Miller's Place by Mr. Helme, taken both spring and fall.

335. Wilsonia canadensis. Canadian Warbler.

Common transient visitant. May 17 (Jamaica) to June 3
(Jamaica); August 21 (Flatlands) to Sept. 5 (Jamaica).

336. Setophaga ruticilla. Redstart.

Common summer resident. May 7 (Flatlands) to Sept. 28
(Parkville). Nests the middle of June.

337. Anthus pensilvanicus. American Pipit; Titlark.

Fairly common transient visitant. Apr. 12 (Flatlands);
Oct. 8 (Flatlands) to Nov. 27 (Flatlands).

338. Mimus polyglottos. Mockingbird.

Rare visitant and probably very rare summer resident.
Mr. de L. Eerier found an immature specimen at Gravesend,
Aug. 9, 1879 (Bull. N. 0. C, v, 1880, p. 46). Mr. Dutcher
recorded it from Flatbush, November, 1884 (Auk, v, 1888,
p. 1 S3). It has been taken several times at Rockaway Beach
(Braislin, Auk, xx, 1903, p. 53).

339. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. Catbird.

Common summer resident. Very rarely seen in winter. May
2 (Jamaica) to Oct. 26 (Greenwood). Nests last week in May.

97

340. Toxostoma rufum. Brown Thrasher.

Common summer resident. Occasionally observed in winter.
April 26 (Amity ville) to Oct. 29 (Prospect Park).

341. Thyrothonis ludovicianus. Carolina Wren.

Rare permanent resident. Locally, as at Gardiner's Island,
it seems fairly common (Chapman, Bird-lore, v, 1903, p. 178,
C. G. Abbott). It has been recorded as nesting at Flushing
and at Roslyn (Deane, Bull. N. 0. C, iv, 1879, p. 184;
Conklin, Auk, xiv, 1897, p. 97). There are many recorded
instances of its occurrence.

342. Troglodytes aedon. House Wren.

Common summer resident. May 6 (Parkville) to Oct. 6
(Lake Grove, A. H. Howell).

343. Olbiorchilus hiemalis. Winter Wren.

Rather common transient in fall and rare winter visitant.
Sept. 25 (Parkville) to March 25 (Montauk).

344. Cistothorus stellaris. Short-billed Marsh Wren.
The only unquestionable evidence of the occurrence of this

species on Long Island has been obtained by Mr. A. H. Helme,
wrho has one skin, taken at Miller's Place, in the autumn of
1901.

345. Telmatodytes palustris. Long-billed Marsh Wren.
Locally abundant summer resident in the salt marshes. May

4 (Flatlands) to Oct. 8 (Springfield).

346. Certhia familiaris americana. Brown Creeper.
Common winter visitant, sometimes abundant in autumn.

Oct. 6 (Parkville) to April 12 (Prospect Park).

347. Sitta carolinensis. White-breasted Nuthatch.
Common permanent resident, but rare in winter.

98

348. Sitta canadensis. Red-breasted Nuthatch.

Rather common winter visitant. July 20 (Parkville) to
April 20 (Selden, A. II. Howell).

349. Baeolophus bicolor. Tufted Titmouse.

Apparently rather common in Giraud's day (Birds of L. I.,
p. 78), it is now one of the rarest of the Long Island avifauna.
Two recent records exist (Dutcher, Brooklyn, Auk, x, 1893,
p. 277; and Braislin, Sheepshead Bay, March 14 and 15, 1898,
Auk, xix, 1902, p. 148).

350. Parus atricapillus. Chickadee.

Common permanent resident. This species seems to be
confined during the nesting season to the limit of the pine and
scrub-oak flora of Long Island. In winter it is found gener-
ally distributed.

351. Regulus satrapa. Golden-crowned Kinglet.
Common transient and winter visitant. Oct. 10 (Parkville)

to April 13 (Flatlands).

352. Regulus calendula. Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
Common transient visitant. April 5 (Flatlands) to May 7

(Parkville) and Sept. 25 (Parkville) to Oct. 12 (Flatlands).

353. Polioptila caerulea. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.

A specimen in the Long Island Historical Society taken at
Canarsie in 1849 was reported by Mr. Dutcher (Auk, x, 1893,
p. 277); a second specimen was recorded by N. T. Lawrence,
taken at Far Rockaway, April 18, 1874 (Auk, ii, 1885, p. 272) ;
De L. Berier reported one shot Oct. 11, 1879, at Fort Hamilton,
(Bull. N. O. C, vi, 1881, p. 272); Dr. Jonathan Dwight, Jr.,
recorded one taken at Montauk, Sept. 2, 1885, (Auk, v, 1888,
p. 324).

354. Myadestes townsendii. Townsend's Solitaire.

This is the latest species to be recorded of several of the

99

far western stragglers which are occasionally found on Long
Island. An individual was taken at Kings Park, Nov. 25,
1905, by J. A. Weber (Dwight,Auk, xxiii, 1906, p. 105). The
number of birds lost in migrations is illustrated by such waifs
and stragglers, comparatively few of which ever fall under the
observation of the ornithologist. Those destroyed at sea or
lost on land probably reach an annual aggregate of large pro-
portions for observers are so few and the area each can ex-
plore so small that the waifs actually recorded must be only
a minute fraction of the total number.

355. Hylocichla mustelina. Wood Thrush.

Common summer resident. May 4 (Lake Grove) to Sept.
26 (Parkville).

356. Hylocichla fuscescens. Wilson's Thrush.

Not common summer resident. April 13 (Parkville) to
Oct. 15 (Lake Grove).

357. Hylocichla aliciae. Gray-cheeked Thrush.
Common transient visitant. May 11 (Parkville) to May 30

(Jamaica); and Sept. 26 (Jamaica) to Oct. 12 (Flatlands).

358. Hylocichla aliciae bicknelli. Bicknell's Thrush.

Not uncommon transient visitant. Sept. 18 (Shinnecock
Light, A. H. Howell, Auk, x, 1893, p. 91) to Oct. 23 (Astoria).

359. Hylocichla ustulata swainsonii. Olive-backed Thrush.
Common transient visitant. April 30 (Parkville) to May 17

(Jamaica) and Sept. 4 (Freeport) to Oct. 30 (Sheepshead Bay).

360. Hylocichla guttata pallasii. Hermit Thrush.
Common transient visitant. April 10 (Prospect Park) to

May 6 (Parkville) and Sept. 14 (Montauk) to Dec. 1 (Prospect
Park).

361. Merula migratoria. Robin.

Abundant summer resident. Feb. 23 (Parkville) to Dec. 23

100

(Rockaway). A few large, brightly colored Robins are to be
seen in winter in favored localities.

362. Ixoreus nsevius. Vakied Thrush.

Accidental. G. N. Lawrence records one in his collection
taken at Islip in the fall (Bd. Brew. & Ridg. Birds X. Am. 1874,
i, 29, and Coues Bds. Colo. Valley, 1878, p. 19). Two recent
specimens from Long Island are both due to the collecting zeal
of Mr. A. H. Helme. The first was rescued from oblivion by
his looking up the report of a strange bird caught in a rabbit-
noose (Dutcher, Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., no. 2, 1890 p.
9). Mr. Helme in company with Mr. Geo. K. Cherrie discov-
ered the wing and other portions of a second specimen at
Millers' Place, November 19, 1905.

363. Saxicola oenanthe. Wheatear.

Accidental. There are several recent records. Dr. J. A.
Allen has called attention to a specimen from Long Island in
the D. G. Elliot collection (Auk, iii, 1886, p. 490). Another
specimen is in the collection of the Long Island Historical
Society, taken at Jamaica in 1885 (Auk, x, 1893, p. 277).

364. Sialia sialis. Bluebird.

A not common summer resident. March 14 (Montauk)
to Nov. 28 (Flatlands). It may be occasionally seen on Long
Island in winter, though the writer has no midwinter records.
At that season it bears no comparison to the frequency of its
relation, the American Robin. In the Christmas bird-census
compiled by the editor, Mr. Chapman, and published for
several years past in Bird-Lore, the Bluebird is conspicuous
by its absence. The interesting lists contributed by Miss
Charlotte E. Lee from Huntington, Messrs. Selah B. Strong
and Walter White from Setanket, Charles H. Rogers and Harold
E. Porter from Rockaway Beach, Karl B. Squires from Green-
port and Roy Latham from Orient Point, contain five obser-
vations with a total of 24 individuals of the Robin, while no
observation of the Bluebird is included.

101

BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF

Ornithological Writings relating to the Birds of Long
Island, New York.

Adxey, E. T. The Cardinal Grosbeak breeding in [Prospect
Park], Brooklyn, N. Y.— Auk, i, 1884, p. 390.

Akhurst, Johx. Capture of the Egyptian Goose on Long
Island.— Bull. N. O. C, ii, 1877, p. 52.
Doubtless one of several which escaped from confinement.

Allen, Charles Slover. Breeding habits of the Fish Hawk
on Plum Island, New York.— Auk, ix, 1892, pp. 313-332,
(2 pll.).

Allen, C. S. The nesting of the Black Duck on Plum Island. —
Auk, x, 1893, pp. 53-59 (2 pll.).

Allen, Joel Asaph. [Note on occurrence of Fish Crow on Long
Island.]— Bull. N. O. C, iii, 1878, p. 47.

Allex, J. A. A revised list of the birds of Massachusetts. — Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., i, 1886, pp. 221-271.
Many interesting references to Long Island birds.

Allex, J. A. Capture of a pair of wild hybrid Ducks (Mallard
+ Muscovy) on Long Island. — Auk, iii, 1886, pp. 274-275.

Allex, J. A. Three interesting birds in the American Museum
of Natural History.— Auk, iii, 1886, p. 489.
One of the birds is Mr. D. G. Elliott's specimen of Saxicola cenanthe, from
Long Island.

Allex, J. A. Notes on some of the rarer birds of Massachusetts.
Am. Naturalist, iii, 1870, pp. 631-678.
Wilson's Plover is said to haVe been abundant on Long Island in August.

Allex, J. A. Review of Rowley's 'The Pied Duck/ — Bull.
N. O. C, iii, 1878, pp. 79-80.*

Long Island said to be the last locality from whence a specimen has
been secured.

102

Allen, J. A. Review of Roosevelt's 'Notes on some of the Birds
of Oyster Bay, L. I/— Bull. N. O. C, iv, 1879, p. 171.

Allen, J. A. Destruction of birds by light-houses. — Bull. N.
O. C, v, 1880, pp. 131-138.
Refers to instances on Long Island.

Anon. ["S. G. D."] Acclimating British songsters. Familiar
Science and Fancier s Journal, vi, 1879, pp. 22-23.
Liberation of British birds at Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn.

American Ornithologists Union. Twelfth supplement to A. O.
U. Check-List.— Auk, xx, 1903, p. 344.

Hoyt's Horned Lark (Otocoris alpestris hoyti) specifically referred to
Long Island.

Baird, S. F. Catalogue of North American birds chiefly in the
museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1858.

The following species are referred to Long Island viz. — Heath Hen,
Trudeau's Tern, Varied Thrush, Seaside Finch and Cooper's Sand-
piper.

Baird, Spencer F., Cassin, John and Lawrence, George
Newbold. — Birds of North America, Vol. ix of Pacific
R. R. Exp. and Surv., Washington 1858 [and Phila. 1860
edition].

The portion dealing with the water-birds, largely from the pen of Mr.
Lawrence, contains many original references to Long Island birds.

Badger, George B. Histrionicus histrionicus on Long Island,

N. Y.— Auk, vi, 1889, p. 67.

At Freeport, Nov. 22, 1878.

Bailey, Harry B. Occurrence of Passerculus princeps in New
York.— Bull. N. O. C, ii, 1877, pp. 78-79.
First record of Ipswich Sparrow on Long Island.
Beard, Dan. Home of the American Osprey. — Scientific Amer.
Suppl. xlv, July 30, 1881, p. 31.
Bird notes on Gardiner's Island.
Beard, D. The Barn Owl on Long Island. — Auk, xix, 1902,
p. 398.
Nesting at Flushing.

103

Beard, D. Long-eared Owls resident at Flushing, Long Island,
N. Y. — Auk, xxiii, 1906, p. 337.

Beebe, C. W. The European Lapwing on Long Island. — Auk,
xxiii, 1906, p. 221.
In the fall of 1905 at Watermill.

Benner, Franklin. Bird notes from Long Island. — Forest and
Stream, x, 1878, pp. 174 and 215.

Berier, de Lagnel. Interesting birds found on Long Island. —
Bull. N. O. C, v, 1880, pp. 46-47.

Berier, de L. Notes on a few birds observed at Fort Hamilton,
Long Island, N. Y.— Bull. N. O. C, vi, 1881, pp. 11-13.
Ten species included in the remarks.

Berier, de L. Notes on birds rare or accidental on Long Island,
N. Y. — Bull. N. O. C, vi, 1881, p. 125-126.
Eleven species recorded.

Berier, de L. Colaptes auratus + C. mexicanus. — Bull. N. O.
C, vi, 1881, p. 247.
Three specimens taken at Fort Hamilton supposed to show evidence of
hybridization.

Berier, de L. Further notes on the Labrador Gyrfalcon taken
on Long Island, N. Y.— Bull. N. O. C, vi, 1881, pp. 247-248.

Berier de L. Unseasonable birds on Long Island. — Auk, iii,
1886, p. 281.

Galeoscoptes cordinensis, Dec. 30; Oidemia per spicillata, July 21; Harelda
glacialis, July 12.

Bicknell, Eugene P. Evidences of the Carolinian fauna in the
lower Hudson valley principally from observations taken at
Riverdale, N. Y.— Bull. N. O. C, iii, 1878, pp. 128-132.

Refers particularly to five or six specimens of the Painted Bunting and
two more known to Mr. Akhurst from Long Island.

Bicknell, E. P. The Carolina Wren breeding in New York. —
Bull. N. O. C, iv, 1879, pp. 183-184.
Breeding at Flushing and at Valley Grove.

Bildersee, Isaac. [Christmas bird census at Manhattan Beach]
Bird-Lore, vi, 1905, p. 26.

104

BoAKDMAN, George A. Labrador Gyrfalcon. — Rod and Gun,
vii, IS 75, p. 153.
A specimen recorded from "Westchester (!) Co. Long Island."

Braislin, William C. Notes on Long Island birds. — Auk,

xiii, 1896, pp. 87-88.

Melospiza lincolni, Vireo gilvus, Helminthophila peregrina, Dendroica
tigrina, D. castanea.

Braislin, W. C. Records of two birds [Contopus borealis and
Helmitherus vermivorus] rare on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk,

xiv, 1897, pp. 99-100.

Braislin, W. C. The Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) on Long Island.
— Auk, xv, 1898, pp. 55-56.

Braislin, W. C. The White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leu-
cophrys) on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, xv, 1898, p. 58.

Braislin*, W. C. Notes on Long Island birds. — Auk, xvi, 1899,
pp. 190-193, N. Y.

Larus leucopterus (or kumlieni), Sterna caspia, Aythya collaris, Tringa
bairdii, Ereunetes occidentalis, Alauda arvensis and others; ten species in
all.

Braislin, W. C. Notes on birds of Long Island. — Auk, xvii,
1900, pp. 69-71.

Ardea egretta, A. candidissima, Cathartes aura, Accipiter atricapillus ,
Strix pratincola, Syrnium nebulosum.

Braislin, W. C. Notes concerning certain birds of Long Island. —
Auk, xix, 1902, pp. 145-149.

Nettion crecca, Ardea egretta, A. ccerulea, Botaurus lentiginosus, Tringa
maritima, Strix pratincola, Contopus borealis, Quiscalus quiscula ceneus,
Loxia leucoptera, Piranga rubra, Vireo gilvus, Dendroica palmarum, and
Parus bicolor.

Braislin, W. C. Notes concerning certain birds of Long Island. —
Auk, xx, 1903, pp. 50-53.

Fratercula arctica, Uria lomvia, Alca torda, Alle alle, Larus minutus,
Anser albifrons gambeli, Olor columbianus, Accipiter atricapillus, Cathartes
aura, Helminthophila lawrencei, Mimus polyglottos.

105

Braislin, W. C. Notes concerning certain birds of Long Island,
New York.— Auk, xxi, 1904, pp. 287-289.

Puffinus borealis, Cathartes aura, Anas obscura rubripes, Anas penelope,
Aythya vallisneria, Chen hyperborea nivalis, Crymophilus fulicarius, Num-
enius borealis and Sturnus vulgaris.

Braislin, W. C. Notes concerning certain birds of Long Island. —
Auk, xxii, 1905, pp. 167-169.
Twelve species mentioned.

Braislin, W. C. The Florida Gallinule nesting on Long Island,
N. Y.— Auk, xxiii, 1906, pp. 189-194.

Braislin W. C. Notes concerning certain birds of Long Island.
— Auk, xxiv, 1907, pp. 186-189.

Braislin, W. C. A correction: concerning the occurrence of
Numenius borealis on Long Island.— Auk, xxiv, 1907, p. 341.

References to Eskimo Curlew, in Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 289, believed to be
erroneous.

Brewer, Thomas M. Stilt Sandpipers. — Bull. N. O. C, iii,
1878, p. 148.
Refers to its occasional abundance on Long Island.

Brewster, William. An interesting flight of Pine Finches [on
Long Island]. — Bull. N. O. C, viii, 1883, p. 57.

Burtis, Henry M. The Dovekie (Alle alle) on Long Island. —
Auk, xx, 1903, p. 209.

Burtis, H. M. Barn Owls on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, xx,
1903, p. 212.

Chadbourne, Arthur P. Puffinus borealis at Gardiners Bay,
New York.— Auk, v, 1888, p. 202.

Chadbourne, A. P. An unusual flight of Killdeer Plover along
the New England coast— Auk, vi, 1889, pp. 255-263.
Refers in part to occurrences on Long Island.

Chapman, Frank M. The northern limit of the Carolinian fauna
on the Atlantic coast. — Auk, vi, 1888, p. 199. [Reprinted,
Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc, N. Y. (no. 1), 1888-89, p. 4 ]

Chapman, F. M. Visitors' guide to the local collection of birds
in the American Museum of Natural History, New York.

100

With an annotated list of the birds known to occur within fifty
miles of New York City, 1894, 8vo. pamph., pp. 1-100.
Many Long Island references.

Chapman, F. M. Handbook of birds of eastern North America,
New York, 1895 [and later editions].

Numerous references to Long Island birds chiefly contributed by Mr.
William Dutcher.

CiiAi'MA.w V. M. An island Eden. — Bird-Lore, v, Nov.-Dec.
1903, pp. 175-182.
Notes on birds observed at Gardiners Island in June, 1903.

Chapman, F. M. Preliminary study of the Grackles. — Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., iv, 1892, pp. 1-20.
Refers to Long Island specimens in detail. Q. quiscula is regarded as
reaching its most typical form on Long Island.

Cherrie, George K. Bird notes from Long Island, N. Y. —
Auk, xix, 1902, p. 210.

Seiurus motacilla, Seiurus noveboracensis, Vireo Philadelphia, Geothlypis
agilis.

Childs, John L. The Mockingbird at Barnegat, N. J., and on
Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, xvii, 1900, p. 390.

Conklin, Charles E. Breeding of the Carolina Wren (Thryo-
thorus ludovicianus) on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, xiv, 1897,
p. 97-98.
At Roslyn in 1896.

Coues, Elliott and Stearns, W. A.
See Stearns, W. A.

Coues, George H. List of birds observed in the Naval Hospital
grounds, in Brooklyn city.— Bull. N. O. C, iv, 1879, pp. 31-33.
60 species are included in this list.

Deane, Ruthven. The Great Carolina Wren breeding on Long
Island, N. Y.— Bull. N. O. C, iv, 1879, p. 184.

Deane, R. Unusual abundance of the Snowy Owl (Nyctea
nyctea) in New England and Canada. — Auk, xix, 1902, pp.
278.

Refers in part to specimens from Long Island.

107

Deane, R. Unusual abundance of the Snowy Owl (Nyctea
nyctea).— Auk, xxiii, 1906, pp. 283-298.
Long Island references, pp. 291-292.

DeKay, J. E. Zoology of New York, part ii, Birds, 1844.
Many Long Island references.

Dutcher, Basil H. Bird notes from little Gull Island, Suffolk
Co., N. Y.— Auk, vi, pp. 124-131, N. Y., 1889.

Stercorarius pomarinus and S. parasiticus, Sterna hirundo, S. dougalli,
Puffinus borealis and others; twenty-three species in all, noticed.

Dutcher, B. H. [Great numbers of Geothlypis trichas and Seiurus
noveboracensis killed by the Fire Island lighthouse, May 19,
1891].— Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc., N. Y. (no. 4), 1892, p. 4.

Dutcher, W. Wilson's Plover on Long Island, N. Y. — Bull. N.
O. C., iv, 1879, p. 242.

Dutcher, W. Wilson's Plover (fflgialitis wilsonia) on Long
Island.— Bull. N. O. C., v, 1880, p. 186-187.

Dutcher, W. Is not the Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus Wilson)
a winter as well as a summer resident at the northern limit of
its range?— Trans. Linn. Soc., N. Y., i, 1882, pp. 107-111.

Dutcher, W. The Ipswich Sparrow. — Ornith. and Ool., viii,
1883, p. 488.

Eight out of ten seen were taken at Great South Beach during the winter
of 1883. -

Dutcher, W. Bird notes from Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, i, 1884,
p. 31-35.
14 species recorded.

Dutcher, W. Bird notes from Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, i, 1884,
pp. 174-179.

Treats of the birds which strike the lighthouses on Long Island.

Dutcher, W. Bird notes from Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, ii,
1885, pp. 36-39.

Eight species recorded, Gull-billed Tern, Razor-billed Auk, Briinnich's
Guillemot, etc.

108

Dutciier, W. Bird notes from Long Island. — Auk, iii, 1886,
pp. 432-444.

Megalcstris skua, Sterna fuliginosa, Histrionicus histrionicus, Ardea
candidissima, Crex crex, Crymophilus fulicarius, Phalcropes lobatus, P.
tricolor, Macrorhamphus scolopaceus, Limosa fedoa, Limosa hamastica,
Vanellus vancllus, JEgialitis wilsonia, Hazmatopus palliatus, Cathartes aura,
Strix pratincola, Nyctala acadica, Calcarius lapponicus, Ammodramus
princeps, Spizella pusilla, Piranga rubra, Thryothorus ludovicianus, Tur-
dus alicioe bicknelli, and Turdus aonalaschkos pallasii.

Dutcher, W. Old-time natural history. — Forest and Stream,
xviii, 1887, pp. 105-106.
Birds of a former time as described in Thompson's "History of Long
Island."

Dutcher, W. Bird notes from Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, v,

1888, pp. 169-183, N. Y.

Six new to Long Island are noted, viz : — Larus minutus, Pufjinus borealis,
Fregata aquila, Otocoris alpestris praticola, Protonotaria citrea and Den-
droica palmarum: twenty-six species in all in this paper.

Dutcher, W. Long Island birds. — Forest and Stream, xxxii,

1889, p. 444.

A request for information on the occurrence of 52 listed species.

Dutcher, W. Bird notes from Long Island, New York. — Auk,
vi, 1889, pp. 131-139.

Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Oceanites oceanicus, Phalacrocorax carbo, Anas
boschas -f- obscura, Histrionicus histrionicus, Crymophilus fulicarius, Phala-
ropus lobatus and others; seventeen in all.

Dutcher, W. Wilson's Petrel [Oceanites oceanicus at Little Gull
Island]. — Auk, vi, 1889, p. 197, also Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc.,
(no. 1), 1889, p. 2.

Dutcher, W. [Wilson's Plover Mgialitis wilsonia on Long
Island]. — Auk, vi, 1889, p. 197, also Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc.
(no. 1), 1889, p. 2.

Dutcher, W. [Cormorants at Little Gull Island in autumn]. —
Auk, vi, 1889, p. 199; also Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 1),
1889, p. 4.

Dutcher, W. A winter trip to Montauk. — Forest and Stream,
xxxiv, 1890, pp. 206-207.

109

Dutcher, W. Birds of Gull Island, N. Y. — Forest and Stream,
xxxiv, 1890, pp. 246-247, 267.

Dutcher W. [Migration of hawks on Long Island in fall, and
an albino White-bellied Swallow]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc.,
(no. 2), 1890, p. 3.

Dutcher, W. [Red-billed Hill-tit (Liothrix luted) of India shot
on Long Island]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 2), 1890,
p. 7.

Doubtless an escaped cage bird.

Dutcher, W. [Capture of the Varied Thrush (HesperocicJda
ncBvia) on Long Island]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 2),
1890, p. 9.

Dutcher, W. [Clapper Rail on Long Island in winter]. — Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 2), 1890, p. 10.

Dutcher, W. The Labrador Duck: A revised list of the extant
specimens in North America, with some historical notes. —
Auk, viii, 1891, pp. 201-216.
The former occurrences of the species on Long Island are noted.

Dutcher, W. A specimen of Numenius arquatus said to have
been taken on Long Island. — Auk, ix, 1892, pp. 391-392.
See remarks under Marshall, W. B.

Dutcher W. [Sharp-tailed Sparrow and Cardinal on Long-
Island in winter]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 4), 1892, p. 1.

Dutcher, W. [Laughing Gull (Lams atricilla) breeding at Great
South Bay].— Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 4), 1892, p. 5.

Dutcher, W. [Birds that struck Fire Island and Montauk
Point Lights May 20-21, 1891].— Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc.
(no. 4), 1892, p. 7.

Dutcher, W. [Occurrence of southern species on Long Island
in autumn]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 4), 1892, p. 8.

The occasional appearance of the Long-billed Curlew, Willet, Black
Skimmer and Black Tern regarded as due to northward movement after
breeding.

110

Dutcher, W. Bird notes from Long Island. — Auk, x, 1893, pp.

265-266.

Urinator arcticus, Branta nigricans, Tantalus loculator and Nycticorax
violaceus.

Dutcher, W. Notes on some rare birds in the collection of the
Long Island Historical Society — Auk, x, 1893, pp. 267-277.

Notes on 44 species.

Dutcher, W. [Carpodacus purpureus breeding at Westbury.]. —
Abst. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 5), 1893, p. 14.

Dutcher, W. Gavia alba on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, xii, 1895,
p. 290.

Dutcher, W. [Red Phalaropes and AYilson's Petrels on Long
Island].— Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc, (no. 11), 1899, p. 4.
Ten Red Phalaropes (Crymophilus fulicarius) at Montauk, Apr. 30, 1898,
also thousands of Wilson's Petrels (Oceanites oceanicus) in New York bay
on July 20, 1898.

Dutcher, \Y. [Birds killed at Fire Island Light]. — Abstr. Proc.
Linn. Soc. (no. 11), 1899, p. 5.
Worm-eating Warbler and a Hooded Warbler killed.

Dutcher, W. Results of special protection to Gulls and Terns ob-
tained through the Thayer Fund. — Auk, xviii, 1901, pp. 86-90.

References to those of Long Island.

Dutcher, W. Piranga rubra, another Long Island, N. Y., record.

— Auk, xix, 1902, p. 291.
Setanket, Apr. 11 to 22, 1901.

Dutcher, W. [A summer Tanager captured on Long Island]. —
Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc, nos. 13-14, 1902, p. 12.

Dutcher, W. The Barn Owl on Long Island. — Auk, xx, 1903,
p. 67.

Dutcher, AY. The Pine Grosbeak on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk,
xxi, 1904, p. 281.

Dwtght, Jonathan Jr. Two records for Long Island, New York.

— Auk, v, 1888, p. 324.

Dendroica palmarum and Polioptila ccerulea taken at Montauk Point.

Ill

Dwight, J. Jr. The Horned Lark of North America. — Auk,
vii, 1890, p. 138-158 (map).
Refers to specimens of 3 forms taken on Long Island.

Dwight, J. Jr. The Ipswich Sparrow in its summer home. —
Memoirs of Nuttall Ornith. Club, ii, 1895, pp. 1-56.
Contains reference to the winter habitat on Long Island.

D[wight], J. Jr. Review of Chapman's "List of the birds of the
vicinity of New York."— Auk, xii, 1895, p. 69.
Reference to some Long Island records.

Dwight, J. Jr. Nyctea nyctea on Long Island, New York. —
Auk, xix, 1902, p. 199.

Dwight, J. Jr. Capture of the Barn Owl (Strix pratincola) on
Long Island, New York. — Auk, xx, 1903, p. 434.

Dwight, J. Jr. First capture of Townsend's Solitaire (Myades-
tes townsendi) on Long Island, New York. — Auk, xxiii, 1906,
pp. 105-106.

A specimen obtained by Mr. J. A. Weber at King's Park, Nov. 25, 1905.

Eagle, Clarence H. The Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus) on Long
Island.— Bull. N. O. C, iii, 1878, p. 47.

Eagle, C. H. Capture of Mgialitis meloda var. circumcincta
Ridg. on Long Island. — Bull. N. O. C, iii, p. 94. Camb.,
1878.

Earle, Charles. Lark Finch on Long Island. — Forest and
Stream, xiv, 1880, p. 44.

Earle, C. The Lark Finch on Long Island, N. Y. — Bull. N. O.
C, vi, 1881, p. 58.

Elliot, Daniel G. History of the Shore Birds, New York,
1895.

Specific references to Long Island birds.

Evans, Evan W. Calmnosipiza melancorys on Long Island. —
Auk, vi, 1889, p. 192.
The Lark Bunting, taken at Montauk Point, Sept. 4, 1888.
Fisher, Albert K. The Hawks and Owls of the U. S. in their
relation to agriculture, Washington, 1893. pp. 1-210 (pi. 26).
Numerous records for species on Long Island giving localities and dates.

112

Floyd, H. W. Wintering of the Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthahnus)
at Rockaway Beach, L. I.— Auk, xv, 1889, p. 190.

Floyd, H. W. The Western Semipalmated Sandpiper. — Ornith.
and 061., xvi, 1891, p. 170.
The earliest Long Island record for this species.

Floyd, H. W. [Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) at
Rockaway Beach]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc, No. 6, 1894, p. 2.

Fox, C. Notice of some American birds. — Silliman's Amer.
Journal of Science, xxxix, 1836, pp. 291-294.
Records " Scolopax pygmea" [= Erolia ferriginea] on Long Island,
May 27, 1835.

Forest and Stream. [Record of the Gray Kingbird on Long
Island], ii, July 23, 1874, p. 373.
In editorial.

Forest and Stream. [Fringillidse which breed on Long Island],
xiv, 1880, p. 44.

Editorial, report of meeting of Linnaean Society at which Mr. S. D.
Osborne reported the following species, Savannah Sparrow, Black-throated
Bunting, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Vesper Sparrow (said to be the most
common), Sharp-tailed and Seaside Finch, Purple Finch (at Bayside);
Goldfinch (fresh eggs on Aug. 18). Mr. Charles Earle reported the Sooty
Tern and a Lark Finch at Lake Ronkonkoma, the latter on Aug. 20, 1879.

Forest and Stream. [Virginia Rail Wintering on Long Island],
xxiv, 1885, p. 105.
Five shot Feb. 6 and Feb. 13.

Forest and Stream. [White Pelican on Long Island], xxiv,
1885, p. 328.
One killed at Roslyn, May 11, 1885.

Foster, Lyman S. Capture of an Eider Duck. — Forest and
Stream, xxvii, Nov. 18, 1886, p. 323.
Somateria dresseri taken Nov. 8, 1886 at Centre Moriches.

Foster, L. S. The English Skylark on Long Island, N. Y. —
Forest and Stream, xxviii, 1887, p. 551.

Foster, L. S. [Glaucous Gull (Lams glavciis) at Far Rocka-
way].— Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 3), 1891, pp. 5.

113

Foster, L. S. The winter birds of the vicinity of New York
City.— Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. Y., no. 5, 1893, pp. 1-3.
Numerous references to localities on Long Island from which birds have
been recorded.

Fraser, Alfred A. Winter Rail on Long Island. — Forest and
Stream, xxxvi, 1S91, p. 105.

Rallus virginianus seen at Oakdale, Jan. 20, 1891.

Giratjd, J. P., Jr. The Birds of Long Island, New York, 1844,
8vo. pp. i-xxii, 1-397.

Grixxell, George B. Frigate Bird and White Ibis in Connec-
ticut. -Amer. Naturalist, ix, 187"), p. 470.

Refers also to a Frigate-Bird taken on Long Island which is apparently
not recorded elsewhere.

Grixxell, G. B. Rare Birds on Long Island.— Forest and Stream,
xxiii, 1884, p. 24.
Porzana jamaicensis, Rynchops nigra, Herodias alba egretta or Garzetta
candidissima.

Griffixg, Moses B. Notes from Shelter Island, N. Y. — Ornith.
and OoL, vi, 1881, p. 82.
White-bellied Swallows as late as Oct. 25 and Nov. 23.

Griffixg, M. B. Red-headed Woodpeckers [on Shelter Island]. —
Ornith. and OoL, viii, 1883, p. 95.

Griffixg, M. B. Ipswich Sparrow. — Ornith. and OoL, viii,
1883, p. 22.
At Ram Island Beach.

Griffixg, M. B. White-winged Crossbills. — Ornith. and OoL,
viii, 1883, p. 32.
On Long Island in November.

Harper, Fraxcis. [Christmas Bird Census at College Point].
—Bird-Lore, vi, 1904, p. 11; viii, 1906; p. 19.

Helme, Arthur H. Red-headed Woodpecker. — Ornith. and
OoL, vii, 1882, p. 107.
Reported in fall migration at Miller's Place, in large numbers.

Helme, A. H. Herons. — Ornith. and OoL, vii, 1882, p. 118.
An adult Little Blue Heron reported.

114

Helme, A. H. Purple Gallinule. — Ornith. and Ool., vii, 1882,
p. 118.
At Middle Island.

Helme, A. H. Red Crossbills, Ornith. and Ool., viii, 1883, p. 68.
Breeding at Miller's Place Apr. 10, 1883.

Helme, A. H. [Some of the rarer birds of Long Island]. — Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc., no. 7, 1895, p. 11.

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris) , the Golden-winged
Warbler (Hehninthophila chrysoptera, one Orange-crowned Warbler,
(Helminthophila celata) and several Tennessee Warblers (Helminthophila
peregrina) the two last species taken in the fall of 1893.

Helme, A. H. [Carpodacus purpureus breeding at Miller's Place].
— Abst. Proc. Linn. Soc, no. 5, 1893, p. 14.

Helme, A. H. The Saw-whet [Owl] breeding on Long Island. —
Nidologist, iii, 1896, p. 104.
Found nesting at Miller's Place.

Helme, A. H. [Catbird in winter at Miller's Place]. — Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc, No. 10, 1898, p. 6.
A bird seen in December, 1897.

Helme, A. H. [Cooper's Hawk nesting at Miller's Place]. — Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc, No. 11, 1899, p. 4.

Helme, A. H. [Least Sandpipers moulting in autumn], — Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc, no. 12, 1900, p. 4.
Several taken on Long Island were moulting their quill-feathers.

Helme, A. H. Large flight of White-winged Crossbills on Long
Island, N. Y.— Auk, xvii, 1900, pp. 295-296.

Helme, A. H. The Lark Finch and Baird's Bunting on Long
Island, N. Y.— Auk, xvii, 1900, p. 296.

Helme, A. H. The Pine Grosbeak on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk,
xxi, 1905, 280-281.

Hendrickson, W. F. Capture of the Summer Red Bird on Long
Island.— Auk, i, 1884, p. 290.

Hendrickson, William F. The Chestnut-collared and Lapland
Longspurs on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk, vi, 1889, pp. 190-191.

115

Hexdrickson, W. F. A winter record for the Chewink on Long
Island, N. Y.— Auk, xx, 1903, p. 216.

H[endrickson], J. H. Wild birds nesting in New York. — Forest
and Stream, lxvi, 1906, pp. 420 and 421.

Florida Gallinule, and Rails at Long Island City. Regards the American
Coot as almost certainly a nesting species.

Hollick, Arthur. Preliminary List of the birds known to breed
on Staten Island. Proc. Nat. Sci. Asso. Staten Island, Decem-
ber, 1885. Extra No. 4.

Sixty-seven species are listed. Staten Island is only separated from
Long Island by lower New York Bay.

Howell, Arthur H. Ornithological reminiscences. — Ornith.
and Ool., xiii, 1888, p. 179.
Sharp-shinned Hawk nesting May 21 at Lake Grove.

Howell, A. H. A day at Rockaway Beach. — Ornith. and Ool.,

xv, 1890, pp. 170-171.
Several species recorded.

Howell, A. H. Capture of Glaucous Gull. — Ornith. and Ool.,

xvi, 1891, p. 61; also Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 3), 1891, pp.
5-6.

Taken at Far Rockaway Jan. 1, 1891. This specimen has been pre-
sented by Mr. Howell to the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute.

Howell, A. H. Abnormal eggs of Chipping Sparrow. — Auk,
ix, 1892, p. 395.
Taken at Lake Grove.

Howell, A. H. Brief notes from Long Island. — Auk, ix, 1892,
pp. 306-307.

Helminthophila leucobronchialis, Sylvania mitrata, and other warblers
noticed.

Howell, A. H. On the occurrence of three rare birds on Long-
Island, New York. — Auk, x, pp. 1893, 90-91; correction, p.
209.

Strix pratincola, Helminthophila celata, Turdus alicice bicknclli.
Howell, A. H. A Correction.— Auk, x, 1893, p. 209.

116

Howell, A. H. [Pine Warbler, Long-eared Owl and Hairy Wood-
pecker breeding on Long Island]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc.,
no. 5, 1893, p. 4.

Howell, A. H. Some holiday trips. — Ornith, and Ool., xviii, 1S93,
pp. 35-36 and pp. 58-9.
Observations at Lake Grove. — Pine Warbler arrives first of April; Long-
eared Owl, nest and three young, and Hairy Woodpecker, nest and three
young, May 30, 1889.

LI o well, A. H. Notes on some Long Island Birds. — Auk, xi,
1894, pp. 82-84.

Empidonax flaviventris, E. acadicus, Helminthophila chrysoptera, H.
peregrina, Sylvania mitrata.

Howell, A. H. Notes on Two Rare Birds from Long Island,
N. Y.— Auk, xvi, 1898, p. 85.

Johnson, Frank E. Capture of the Golden Eagle at Gravesend,
L. I.— Bull. N. O. C, iv, 1879, p. 189.

Johnson, F. E. American Barn Owl (Strix pratincola) on Long
Island, X. Y.— Auk, viii, 1891, p. 114.

Johnson, F. E. Black-throated Bunting (Spiza americana) on
Long Island, N. Y.— Auk, viii, 1891, p. 116.

Johnson, F. E. [Mimus polygloiios and Molothrus ater at Blythe-
wood in winter]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc, no. 5, 1893, p. 14.

Johnson, H. R. (With E. G. Nichols and L. N. Nichols.) Christ-
mas Bird Census in Brooklyn, Prospect Park and Greenwood
Cemetery. — Bird-Lore, viii, 190G, p. 18.

Kobbe, F. W. Black-bellied Plover and Hudsonian Godwit on
Long Island, N. Y.— Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 79.

Kobbe, F. W. Decrease of Purple Martins on Long Island, N. Y.
— Auk, xxii, 1905, p. 211.

Lawrence, George N. Catalogue of birds observed on New
York, Long and Staten Island and the adjacent parts of New
Jersey. — Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, viii, 1866, pp.
279-300.

327 species included with annotations to many of the rarer Long Island
specimens.

117

Lawrence, G. N. Occurrence of the Barnacle Goose {Bernicla
leucopsis) on Long Island, N. Y. — Bull. X. O. C, ii, 1877, p.
18.

Lawrence, G. N. Ornithological notes. — Ann. Lyceum Nat.
Hist., X. Y., v, 1852, pp. 220-223.
Procella meridionalis shot at Quoque, L. I., July, 1850; specimens of
Philomachus pugnax from Long Island are recorded Oct., 1850, a bird of the
year and an adult male in the summer of 1844; a Varied Thrush is spoken
of.

Lawrence, G. N. On the occurrence of the Caspian Tern
(Sylochelidon caspius) in North America. — Ann. Lyc. Nat.
Hist., v, 1852, p. 37-38.
Specimens killed on the Long Island coast.

Lawrence, G. X. Ornithological notes. — Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.,
N. Y., v, 1852, pp. 220-223.

Lawrence, G. X. Ornithological notes. — Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.,
vi, 1858, pp. 7-14.
Yellow-throated Vireo in summer of 1852.

Lawrence, Xewbold T. The European "Widgeon in the United

States.— Bull. X. O. C, iii, 1878, p. 98.

One of the two specimens recorded is supposed to have come from
Southampton.

Lawrence, N. T. The Ipswich Sparrow7 (Passerculus princeps)
on Long Island, X. Y.— Bull. X. O. C, iii, 1878, p. 102.

Lawrence, X. T. The Greater Long-beak, Macrorhamphus
scolopaceus (Say).— Bull. X. O. C, v, 1880, pp. 154-157.
Data on its migration.

Lawrence, N. T. Notes on several rare birds taken on Long
Island.— Forest and Stream, x, 1878, p. 235.
Notes on fifteen species; Loggerhead Shrike and four Baird's Sandpipers
first recorded here.

Lawrence, N. T. Long Island, N. Y., bird notes. — Auk, ii,
1885, pp. 272-274.
Eighteen species noticed.

118

Lawrence, N. T. European Widgeon (Mareca pcnelope) on
Long Island, N. Y.— Auk, xix, 1902, pp. 195-196.
One taken at Gardiners Island, Nov. 27, 1901.

Lawrence, Robert B. Notes on some of the rarer birds of Long
Island, N. Y.— Bull. N. O. C, v, 1880, pp. 116-117.
Eight species are referred to.

Lawrence, R. B. Cardinal Redbird on Long Island. — Forest
and Stream, xiii, 1884, p. 144.
One male Sept. 7, 1884.

Lawrence, R. B. Occurrence of Turkey Buzzard on Long
Island. — Forest and Stream, xxvii, Aug. 19, 1886, p. 64.
Observed at Flushing, Aug;. 2, 1885; also C. atratus at Sandy Hook.

Lawrence, R. B. Long Island bird notes. — Forest and Stream,
vol. xxvii, Dec. 23, 1886, p. 428.

Notes Tringa maritima, Somateria dresseri, Oceanites occanicus and
Nyctala acadica.

Lawrence, R. B. Ice-bound Rail. — Forest and Stream, xxx,
1888, p. 6.
Porzana Carolina at Flushing, Dec. 23.

Lawrence, R. B. A new Long Island, N. Y., record for the Red-
bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus). — Auk, xiii, 1896,
p. 82.

Latham, Frank, Harry and Roy. [Christmas bird census at
Orient Point].— Bird-Lore, vi, 1905, pp. 26-27; viii, 1906,
p. 19.

Latham, Harry and Roy. [Christmas bird census at Gardiners
Island]. — Bird-Lore, viii, 1906, p. 19.

Lee, Charlotte E. [Christmas bird census at Huntington]. —
Bird-Lore, iv, 1902, p. 27; v, 1903, p. 16; vi, 1904, p. 11.

Marshall, William B. A specimen of Numenius arquatus said
to have been taken on Long Island. — Auk, ix, 1892, pp.
390-391.

While there is no question as to the identity of this specimen which is
now in the State Museum at Albany, the A. O. U. committee has decided
that the evidence that it was taken on Long Island or anywhere else in
North America is by no means convincing.

119

Mearns, Edgar A. The capture of several rare birds near West
Point, N. Y.— Bull. N. O. C, iii, 1878, pp. 45-46.
Refers to the capture of a Fish Crow on Long Island by Mr. Theodore
Roosevelt.

Mearns, E. A. Capture of the Glaucous Gull (Larus glaucus)
on Long Island, N. Y. — Bull. N. O. C, v, 1880, p. 189-190.

Moran, Daniel E. The Tufted Titmouse on Staten Island,
N. Y.— Bull. N. O. C., 1882, vii, p. 52.

Moran, D. E. Capture of Baird's Sandpiper on Long Island. —
Bull. N. O. C, vii, 1882, p. 60.

Murphy, Robert C. Leach's Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa)
on the Long Island shore. — Auk, xxii, 1905, pp. 205-206.

Nicholas, George L. Bird notes from Long Island. — Forest
and Stream, xiv, 1880, p. 44.
Large-billed Water Thrush Aug. 3, Loggerhead Shrike Aug. 4; in all
about seventeen species observed at Shinnecock Bay.

Nichols, E. G., Nichols, S. N., and Johnson, H. R.

See Johnson, H. R.

Oberholser, Harry C. A review of the Larks of the genus
Otocoris.— Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, 1902, pp. 801-884.

Pearsall, R. F. Notes on the Purple Finch. — Bull. N. O. C,
iv, 1879, p. 122.
Nesting at Bay side, June 15.

Porter, H. E., and Rogers, C. H.

See Rogers, C. H.

Proctor, Thomas. Skylarks nesting on Long Island. — Auk,
xii, 1895, p. 390.

Proctor, T. [Destruction of birds' eggs and young birds by the
Gray Squirrel in Prospect Park]. — Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc,
nos. 13-14, 1902, p. 3.

Purdie, Henry A. Corvus ossijragus on Long and Staten Islands,
N. Y.— Bull. N. O. C, v, 1880, p. 240.

Reed, J. H. The Terns of Great Gull Island, N. Y., during 1897.
— Auk, xv, 1898, pp. 40-43.

120

Richardson, Jenness. [Three nests of the Black Duck]. — Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc. (no. 2), 1890, p. 3.
One with young, in early May at Amagansett.

Ridgway, Robert. On a Duck new to the North American
Fauna.— Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iv, 1881, pp. 22-24.
A specimen of Fuligula ruftna, found in Fulton Market is supposed to
have been shot on Long Island.

Rogers, Charles EL and Porter H. E. [Christmas bird census
at Rockaway Park Beach]. — Bird-Lore, vi, 1904, p. 12; viii,
1906, p. 18.

Roosevelt, Theodore. Notes on some of the birds of Oyster
Bay, Long Island. March, 1879, leaflet published by the
author.

Seventeen species are noted.

Rowley, G. D. The Pied Duck. — Ornithological Miscellany
ii, 1877, pt. vi, pp. 205-223, pi. v, London.

Refers to some of the last specimens of the Labrador Duck from Long
Island. Credits Long Island with thirteen extant specimens.

Sage, John N. An historic letter.— Auk, xii, 1895, pp. 350-362.

From John Gardiner of Gardiners Island to Alex. Wilson, concerning
the Fish Hawk on that island.

Sargent, Harry B. Breeding of the Rough-winged Swallow at
Shelter Island, New York.— Auk, x, 1893, p. 369.

Stearxs, Winfrid A. and Coues, E. New England Bird Life,
Boston, 1883, pt. ii, p. 227.
A Curlew Sandpiper killed at Miller's Place in 1839.

Story, S. B. [Christmas Bird census at Setauket]. Bird-Lore,
iv, 1902, p. 27.

Stroxtg, Selah B. and White, Walter. [Christmas bird census
at Setanket].— Bird-Lore, vi, 1905, p. 26; viii, 1906, p. 19.

Squires, Karl B. [Christmas bird census at Greenport]. —
Bird-Lore, vi, 1904, p. 11.

Taylor, II. H. Baird's Sandpiper on Long Island Sound, N. Y. —
Auk, xii, 1895, p. 179.
About a dozen seen in a flock of which two were secured, Sept. 29, 1894.

121

Thompson, Benjamin F. History of Long Island, New York,
1839.

Refers to the former presence of Wild Turkeys, Swans and Pelicans at
Huntington.

Townsend, A. L. [Spring arrivals of birds at Bay Ridge]. —
Forest and Stream, xviii, 1882, pp. 305, 346 and 427.

About thirty species referred to with dates of arrival. Crow Blackbird
convicted as a destroyer of birds' eggs.

Townsend, A. L. Painted Finch on Long Island. — Forest and
Stream, xxii, 1884, June 26, p. 424.

Vaughan, C. W. Baird's Sandpiper at East Hampton, Long
Island, N. Y.— Auk, xiii, 1896, p. 80.

White, AYalter and Strong, S. B.
See Strong, S. B.

Worthington, Willis W. Short-eared Owl nesting on Plum
Island, New York.— Auk, x, 1893, p. 301.
The date is May 7, 1891.

Worthington, W. W. Cape May Warbler at Shelter Island,
New York. — Auk, Vol. x, 1893, p. 303.

Worthington, W. W. Another Harlequin Duck record for
Long Island. — Auk, xiii, 1896, p. 78.

Worthington, W. W. Rare Birds on eastern Long Island. —
Auk, xvi, 1899, p. 85.
The Barn Owl, Duck Hawk and Florida Gallinule.

Worthington, W. W. Golden Eagle at Shelter Island, New
York. — Auk, viii, 1891, p. 113.

Worthington, W. W. A rare record for eastern Long Island. —
Auk, xvii, 1900, p. 63.
An immature female Sabine's Gull, Xema sabinii taken Oct. 7, 1899.

Worthington, W. W. A rare record for eastern New York. —
Auk, xviii, 1901, p. 395.
Contopus borealis, taken at Shelter Island, Aug. 29, 1901.

Worthington, \Y. W. Connecticut Warbler and Philadelphia
Vireo at Shelter Island, N. Y.— Auk, xix, 1902, p. 89.

122

WORTHINGTON, W. W. Henslow's Sparrow on Shelter Island,
N. Y. — Auk, xix, 1902, p. 204.

Worthington, AY. W. Rare birds for eastern Long Island,
New York.— Auk, xix, 1902, p. 402.
A Summer Tanager, Apr. 9, 1902, and a Lark Sparrow, July 28, 1902.

Worthington, W. W. Bird Notes from Shelter Island, Long
Island, N. Y.— Auk, xxi, 1904, p. 287.

Aythya affinis, Wilsonia pusilla, Seiurus noveboracensis, Symphemia
semipalmata, Geothlypis trichas, Pinicola enucleator, Hylocichla guttata
pallasii.

Worthington, W. W. Notes from Shelter Island. — Ornith. and
Ool., vii, 1882, p. 141.
Two" Little Blue Herons, Aug. 16.

Worthington, W. W. Correspondence. — Ornith. and Ool., ix,
1884, p. 24.

Notes'at Shelter Island, the Carolina Dove on Jan. 20; the Fish Hawk,
March 1; Red-bellied Nuthatch, May 17; Black Tern July 23; two Forster's
Terns shot at Ram Island Shoals, Sept. 17; a Sooty Tern caught off Mon-
tauk Point, Sept. 18.

Worthington, W. W. Golden Eagle at Shelter Island. — Auk,
viii, 1891, p. 113.

Worthingtox, W. W. Notes from Shelter Island. — The Ornith.
and Ool., vi, 1881, p. 46.

Worthington, W. W. Blue Yellow-backed Warbler nesting on
Shelter Island.— Ornith. and Ool., vi, 1881, p. 62.

Wyman, W. B. The birds of Prospect Park [Brooklyn, N. Y.].
Forest and Stream, xxi, 1884 (no. 12) pp. 226-227.
" A nominal list of 81 species, including a number of improbable occur-
rences." (Auk, 1884, p. 288.)

Young, Curtis C. Tringa alpina on Long Island, N. Y. — Auk,

x, 1893, p. 78.

This appears to be the second record of the species for North America.
Young, C. C. Empidonax flaviventris on Long Island. — Auk,

xi, 1894, p. 78.

Young, C. C. [Bonaparte's Gull at Rockaway Beach]. — Abstr.
Proc. Linn. Soc, no. 7, 1895, p. 13.

123

Zerega, Louis A. Notes on the northern range of the Fish Crow
(Corvus ossifragus) with some account of its habits. — Bull. N.
O. C, v, 1880, pp. 205-208.
Refers to records for Rockaway and Oyster Bay.

Zerega, L. A. Capture of the Snowy Heron (Garzetta candi-
dissima) on Long Island. — Bull. N. O. C, vi, 1881, p. 248.

Zerega, A. The Birds of Prospect Park. — Forest and Stream,
xxi, (no. 16) 1884, p. 304.
A criticism of an article with this title in same journal pp. 226-227.

4

A LIST OF

The Birds of Long Island

NEW YORK.

BY

WILLIAM C. BRAISLIN

[From 'The Auk/ Vol. XXVI, No. 3, July, 1909. pp. 314-316.]

Notes concerning Certain Birds of Long Island, New York. — A few data
concerning the occurrence of certain of the less commonly observed birds of
Long Island and of facts regarding the time during which others, less rare,
extend their stay within our limits, are herewith presented. Most of them
have been kindly furnished me by other observers.

Porzana Carolina. Sora. A specimen of this rail was obtained by Mr.
Robert L. Peavey, of Brooklyn, at Seaford on the unusually late date of
December 24 (1908). This date is two months later than the previously
ascertained limit of its occurrence here in autumn, as given in ' A List of the
Birds of Long Island, New York.'

Coturnicops noveboracensis. Yellow Rail. — Three additional occur-
rences of this bird for Long Island have been made available through Mr.
Robert L. Peavey. All were secured recently, two during the later months
of 1908, one in January, 1909. One of the specimens, taken by Mr. Peavey
and by him presented to the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences, has been already recorded by Mr. Cleorge K. Oherrie, curator

Vol. XXVII
1909 J

General Xotes.

315

of ornithology of the Museum. Mr. Cherrie says: "This specimen was
collected by the donor at Seaford, Long Island, September, 190S" (Museum
News, Vol. IV, March, p. 85, 1909). I learn from Mr. Peavey that it was
taken on the bay side of the beach, back of the sand dunes, where the
"sedge" grass grew in tufts. In one of these the bird was concealed, and
was only flushed on a near approach, so that care had to be exercised
in collecting it so that it should not be rendered unfit for preserving as a
specimen. It was taken Sept. 20, 1908, and is a male.

A second specimen, also a male, was taken by him at the same place on
December 4, 1908. This one was found on the edge of the main creek, in
the short salt-meadow grass. A third specimen was obtained on January
10, 1909, at the same place, in a similar location. This specimen, through
the generosity of Mr. Peavey, is now in the writer's collection of skins.

Cathartes aura. Turkey Vulture. A very fine male specimen of this
vulture has been added to my collection through the generosity of Mr. Roy
Latham of Orient Point. Mr. Latham briefly stated the facts of its occur-
rence in his record of the species of birds observed by him at Orient Point
on Dec. 22, 1907, which was published in the 'Bird-Lore' Christmas bird-
census (Vol. X, 1908, p. 29). Mr. Latham informed me that the bird was
unable to fly when first discovered by him on the beach. It was at once
evident that it was disabled, and it was found that it had some foreign
substance in its throat. This had, no doubt, prevented it from eating
for so long a time that it had become too weak to fly. The cause of the
obstruction in the throat was found to be a bone of an animal of consider-
able size. Mr. Latham extracted the bone and removed the bird to his
home, where it was cared for and protected. He fed the bird, and found
that it ate greedily of stale fish. Despite his care, however, it did not sur-
vive the following night.

Catharista urubu. Black Vulture. — I am indebted to Mr. C. W.
Crandall of W oodside for the report of the capture of a specimen of this
bird which so rarely reaches us from more southern regions that this may
perhaps be regarded as the first specimen authenticated beyond a doubt, or,
at least, backed by an authenticated skin, taken within the actual geo-
graphical limits of Long Island. As stated in ' A List of the Birds of Long
Island,' p. 67, the evidence entitling it to a place in the avifauna of Long
Island rests on the authority of Mr. Robert Lawrence who observed it on
the adjacent shore of Sandy Hook, and of Mr. deL. Berier, who reported
one found dead at Coney Island beach, by Mr. Akhurst. As no authenti-
cated skin of this specimen is extant, that of Mr. Crandall's is all the more
valuable. Mr. Crandall was at Plum Island, L. I., on May 19 and 20, 1895,
and on exactly or nearly the same dates on the three subsequent years, in
the interests of ornithological investigation. It was on the second trip,
namely, 1890, on the 19th or 20th of May, or within a day or two of these
dates, that the bird was shot. He was in the field, bird-nesting, when,
hearing a distant gun-shot he was attracted to investigate the cause. lie
found that the shot had been fired by a farmer, at a large bird which had

316

( i> m ml Xott s.

been feeding on a dead sheep. The farmer — a Mr. (Mark — finding t hat
there clung to the bird an odor not incompatible with its feeding habits,
had consigned his prize to the furrow where the plowshare would shortly
have buried it. From this position Mr. Crandall, with prompt and com-
mendable collecting zeal, rescued the specimen and sent it to a New York
taxidermist (Murgatroyd) for mounting. Mr. Crandall still has the
mounted skin in his possession, and, at his home, the writer recently had
the pleasure of examining it.

Nyctea nyctea. Snowy Owl. Mr. Peavey has kindly informed me, and
has permitted me to record the fact, that he took a very white specimen of
this species on the shore of Flatlands Bay on Feb. 19, 1909. This is a
rather later date of occurrence of this species than any previous ones
which T have.

Acanthis linaria. Redpoll. It may be worthy of note that Redpolls
occurred again on Long Island this winter, although, apparently, less
abundantly than last. Though several were seen by others, but a single
individual came under my direct observation. It was seen feeding on the
ground, among a number of Pine Siskins in Prospect Park on Jan. 30, 1909.

Dendroica palmarum. Palm Warbler. A specimen of this warbler
was taken by the writer on Rockaway Beach, Sept. 26, 1908. It was
found among the sand dunes on the bay side of the beach on the date men-
tioned, where numbers of Savannah and other sparrows were also found.
Like them it seemed much at home in this open, unsheltered locality. Here
the sand is but scantily covered, the sea-side golden-rod at this season being
the most conspicuous of the sea-side flora. Thompson, in his 'Birds of
Manitoba,' mentions finding this bird, during migrations, far from any
wooded land, and Chapman refers to the avoidance of trees by the eastern
subspecies, hypochrysea, in his ' Birds of Eastern North America.' Since
the autumn of 1895, when it was met with repeatedly, as stated in 'The
Auk' (XIX, 1902, p. 148), it has not been again met with until this autumn
(of 1908).— William C. Braislix, Brooklyn, N. Y.