ened a a = : io OF LIST OF GRASSES AND SEDGES ; FOUND ON THE NAGPUR AND TELINKHERI FAR MS / INCLUDING A FEW COMMON SPECIES FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE PROVINCES BY R. J. D. GRAHAM, M.A., B.Sc. *¢ ECONOMIC BOTANIST, CENTRAL PROVINCES Aagpur INTRODUCTION {) 1TH the publication of this List of Grasses and Sedges the hope expressed in the introduction to the ‘ Wild Plants of Nagpur”’ published in May 1011 is realised. The reason of a delay of two years in the completion of the work will be understood when the fact is taken into considera- tion that in point of numbers these two orders contain more than half the total species which constitute the flora ’ of Nagpur. The plan of the present list is the same as that adopted in the former publication, The Key to the Graminz has been prepared with special regard to the use of the list in the field. Only such characters as can be made out by the aid of a pocket lens of low magnification have been made use of. Owing to the importance of recognising grasses in their vegetative state, special mention has been made of characters of diagnostic importance seen in the grasses before they come into flower. The treatment of the Cyperacez requires a word of explanation. The Key to the Genera and the description of the species are mainly in technical language, and the determination of the species will be a laborious operation for any but a trained botanist. The sedges were only included in the present list after mature consideration when the necessity for a list of convenient sizefor field reference -was felt. Itis hoped that the present list will save the trained collector the trouble of carrying home duplicate specimens, The notes on the uses and value of the grasses are based on information supplied by cultivators and are purely mM focal. At piesent no trustworthy information is available’ tegarding the feeding value of Indian grasses, nor will there be until systematic feeding experiments are undertaken The results of a chemical analysis, by Mr, F, J. Plymen, of'a few grasses will be found in Appendix I.’ This atialysis while adding nothing to our knowledge regarding the digestibility of the grasses still shows that the India grass inferior to the English grasses in the necessary constituents for food stuff. The comparative analysis of the s es are markedly ame species grown in Bombay and the Central Provinces further show that there is something froma chemical point of view to support the popular idea, backed by the market prices of these grasses in Bombay, that the Bombay grass*is superior to that-of the Centra] Provinces. ‘The inclusion of a few gtasses and sedges from other parts of the Provinces is due to these be localities quoted against them. will make the list useful to Agr ing €ommon at the’ It is hoped that their inclusion” icultural Assistants through- out the Province. An appendix has been added to include Species determined since the completion of the list. These’ names will be found in Appendix II, References have been given as before to Sir J. Hooker's “ Flora of British India,” Sir D. Prains’ “Bengal Plants,” and: Dr. T. Cooke’s “ Flora of the Bombay Presidenéy,” | Phecm are distinguished by the following contractions:—F, B. I, BOP. .B By Pp. R. J.D. GRAHAM, May 1913. Economic Beta nist, Central Provinces, SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDER CLASS II—MONOCOTYLEDONS LEAVES WITH PARALLEL VEINS. PARTS OF FLOWEH IN 3 OR ITS MULTIPLE Sus-Ciass IL—GLUMIFLORAE FLOWERS WITH PERIANTH REDUCED OR WANTING, NEVER BRIGHTLY COLOURED pM ERE ERIOCAULEA. Flowers I-sexual. Stamens 6 or fewer. Sitemless herbs with flowers in heads sutroundéd by an involucre of bracts. CYPERACE-E. Flowers 2-1 sexual. Stamens 3-f. Grass-like herbs with usually solid stem, often a ig cornered, entire sheaths and flowers in spikelet GRAMINEZ. Flowers usually 2:sextial. Stamens 4, rarely 6. Grasses with usually hollow stems, split shécthe and a ligule. ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE GENERA I—ERIOCAULEAZ Perianth of 6 bristles. Ovary 3 3-loved, 3-celled, we (1-6) Eriocaulons I.—CYPERACEZE Parr S2sccucl. (2)—Flowering glumes all distichous. Style 2-fid, nut generally biconvex :-— ; Spikelets few), flowered... -;.. ay _ Rachilla deciduous ... (7-8) Kyllinga, Spikelets many flowered. Rachilla persistent. Nut laterally compressed. (9-11) She 5 Nut dorsally compressed. (12-13) Juncellus, Style 3-fid, nut generally trigonous :—- Spikelets many flowered Kachilla persistent ... (14-25) Cyperus. Spikelets few flowered. Rachilla deciduous :— Glume not winged ... (26-27) Mariscus; Glume winged wee (28) Courtoisia. (6) —Flowering glumes spirally arranged. _ Inflorescence terminal. Inflorescence umbellate, corymbose,' rarely one spikelet. (Fimbristylis 4 tetragona, F. polvtrichaides, and ¥. monostachya, with radical leaves). Leaves radical. ;Bristles o. _ Style base constricted.. (33-44) Fimbristylis. Leaves radical. Bristles Kit } ne 2 enclosing the nut. Style base passing into fruit “4 45.3) eipocarmne Leaves cauline, hairy. | | Bristles 3-6. Style _ base passing into fruit... (51- ) Fuirena, Inflorescence capitate or one pei Leaves'o.. Bristles pre- sent. Style base con- stricted -» (29-32) Eleocharis Leaves present, hairy. rear pi Bristles 0. Style .base constricted .-. (45) Bulbostylis. Leaves present glabrous. - | Bristles present. } ruit beaked. Style base | thickened «- (54) Rynchospora, {Inflorescence lateral :— Bristles 0-6. Style base passing into fruit ... (46-50) Scirpus. flowers 1-sexual :— Fruit stalked,bony ... (§§-57) Scleria. Ilf.—GRAMINEZ A.—SPIKELETS, SESSILE OR SUB-SESSILE {a).— Inflorescence spike-like. Spikelets awned, Spikelets solitary on rachis :— One flowered. | --- (96) Perotis. Many flowered «. (148) Tripogon, Spikelets clustered :— Citiate with long hairs... (147) Gracilea. Not ciliate w+ (157) Elytrophorus. Spikelets not awned. Involucel present — | Involucel.of bristles ... (86—89) Setaria. Involucel.of spines .... (92) Cenchrus. ‘involucel absent— _ Spikelets sunk in rachis :— ~ Rachis cylindrical .» (118) Ophiurus. Rachis flattened - (171) Oropetium. Spikelets not sunk in rachis, ’ Spikelets.one-flowered :— Spike.one-sided ... (146) Microchloa. Spike not one-sided, spikelets ciliate .. (95) Tragus. ; Spikelets many-flowered (168—171) Eragrostis. (6)— Inflorescence of whorled spikes, Spikelets not awned :— _ Spikelets arranged .on one side of the rachis. Rachis straight (14g) Cynodon. ‘Spikelets in two !ines,on the ‘rachis. Rachis zig-zag. (5¢—62) Digitaria. Spikelets awned. (Hardly awned ) in Eleusine indica.) -Spikes stout :— Inflorescence soft ». (150) Chloris. Inflorescence hard ee (151,152) Eleusine. Spikes very slender . (109,110) Arthraxen, (c)—Inflorescence pen :— Rachis flattened. Glumes 3 «. (58) Paspalum. Glumes 4, I shorter than If and If aps (65—73) Panicum, Spikelets awned . (153) Dinebsa. Rachis filiform, evlindrical. “ ‘Spikes long, filiform w» (154) Leptochloa. 6 B.—SPIKELETS PEDICELLATE AND SESSIL®, USUALLY IN PAIRS, Spikelets not awned. Spikelets not sunk in rachis. Spikelets in separate male and female spikes :— Fruiting spikelet enclosed in a bony bract ia! MEQ7) Root Fruiting spikelets enclos- edinthe enlarged hard outer glume .« (98) Polytoca. Spikelets ina 2-Sexual inflores- cence :— Spikelets with long silky hairs .. (101) Saccharum. Spikelets sunk in rachis :— | Glume smooth wee «(114-1161 Rottboellia, Glume pitted »e = (487) Manisuris, Spikelets awned. Spikelets in pairs. Spikelets one-flowéred :— Spikes densely silvery... (100) Pollinia. spikes not silvery we (119-123, 126, 128—132)' Andropogon, Spikelets two-flowered :— Glume I _ tuberculated. Leaves with _ tuber- culated hairs ... (111) Phelepogon: Glume I not tuberculated. Leaves without tuber- culated hairs we =(L02—r108) Ischaeezmum. Spikelets in triplets or more. Spikelets not subtended by a spathe ... (124, 125, 127) emidree | pogon. spikelets subtended by a spathe : — Spathe strongly ciliate. (Not ciliate in A. gigantea.) Male whorl present ... (133135) Anthistiria. Male whorl absent ... (133) Pseudanthistiria. Spathe not ciliate ». (Silky ciliate in 1. Wightii) Male whorl absent ... (112, 113) Apluda. Male whorl! present ,.. (130-137) Iseilema. C—SPiKELETS PEDICELLATE “Sbikelets awned. Léaves broad :— Spikelets cil'ate ... (82) Axonopus. Spikelets with long hairs. (155) Arundo. Spikelets not ciliate— Stamens 3 » (84-85) Oplismenus, Staméns 6 ... (94) Hygrorhiza. Leaves narrow :— Awn branched we =©(139—142) Aristida, Awn_ not ___ branched. Spikelets silky iw. (3) Triéholzna. Spikelets not awned. Spikelets r-flowered. Inflorescence _ spike-like with silky hairs --- (99) Imperata. Inflorescence _ panicled. Spikelets large. Sta- _ mens 6 a). (63) BLeersia. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets small. Sta- mens 3 w» (143—145) Sporobolus, Spikelets 1-2 flowered. Spikelets without an involucel of bristles :— Spikelets globose. Glumes ! and II equal a= ( OF, 64 ) Isachne. Spikelets not globose. Glume I small, sheathing ( 74—81 ) Panicum. Spikelets with an _invol- ucel of bristles - (90,91 ) Pennisetum. Spikelets oo flowered. Spikelets with long hairs.. (156) Phragmatis. Spikelets with short hairs.. (158—167) Eragrostis or none. | Xe r ie) 8 I—ERIOCAULE#H ‘ERIOCAULON SIEBOLDIANUM, Sieb and Zucc. Bea eo Bs iy mene ON ai 1127: F, B. Posie Annual tufted stemless herb, 6 inches high. Leaves Short, subulate. Peduncles many, slender, 5-ribbed. Heads small pale. Receptacle ola- brous. Invyolucral bracts shorter than heads, gla- brous, ascending. Floral bracts glabrous, often with a central purple band. Seed minute rea, quite smooth. Only collected in Balaghat district. All the species are found in wet places ERIOCAULON DuraleEt, Hook, te Pig Lye Annual tubeedl stemless herb, 6 inches high. Leaves broadly subulate. Peduncles many, very slender, smooth. Heads small, nearly black. Receptacle glabrous. Involucral bracts shorter than heads, spreading. Floral bracts dark, shining. Seed minute, yellow, quite smooth. -ERIOCAULON LUZULZFOLIUM, Mart. PBT. wit 685): B. P. 1127; F. P. Beil. 848. Annual tufted stemless herb, up to t foot. Leaves short, broadly subulate. Peduncles many, slender ,or stout, striated, twisted. Heads small. grey. Receptacle villous. Involucral bracts glabrous, spreading. Floral bracts villous with long hairs Seed minutely ridged. Collected at Jubbulpore and Pachmarhi. ERIOCAUL on QUINQUANGULARE, Linn. BB. it. vieg8a: 8. Pl gag: 2 Baal Aced tufted stemless herb, up to 8inches. Leaves broad, purple beneath, often red when drv. Peduncles many, slender, striated, twisted. Heads globose, snow-white. Receptacle villous. Involucral bracts reflexed. Floral bracts hairy. Petals with a black spot. Seed smooth, yellow. ) ERIOCAULCN TRILOBUM, Ham. FE. B.1. vi. 689; BP. 1127: F. BY Plies A stemless tufted annual herb, up to 10 inches. Leaves broad. Peduncle very slender. Heads dark. Receptacle villous. Involucral bracts at first longer than head, at length reflexed, Floral bracts hairy. ‘Seed ribbed, yellow, 9 6. ERIOCAULON XERANTHEMUM, Mart. Pebalivionod : bs bs rsams FB. Po-it, Sao A stemless tufted annual herb, up to 6 inches, Leaves linear lanceolate, many nerved. Peduncles many, striated. Heads yellowish. Receptacle villous. Involucral bracts erect or spreading, star- like, pale, shining, longer than head. Floral bracts hairy. Seed narrow, yellow, covered with small warts. Only collected near Seoni. II—CY PERACE 7. KYLLINGA TRICEPS, Rotzb. Bs Ys ek: 587; BPs iggy Ps betes Ue cong ‘Tufted annua! glabrous sedge, 2-10 inches high. Stem thickened at base. ‘Rhizome very short. Leaves as long as stem. Stem terminated by three (sometimes one) whitish heads. Middle one largest, up to & inch. Bracts 3-4 up to 2 inches, Jeaf-iike. Nut oblong, compressed, to, Men, yellow-brown when ripe. 8, KYLLINGA BREVIFOLIA, Rott. FB. I. vi. 588; B. P. 1138. Perennial creeping glabrous sedge, 4—8 inches high. Rhizome long, creeping. Leaves variable. Stem terminated by 3—1 ovoid greenish heads. Bracts 3-4 up to 2 inches, leaf-like Nat ellipsoid, yellow-brown. Only collected near Seoni. 2: PycCREUS SANGUINOLENTUS, Nees. EB. De vi. 500 > B..Ps 1137's Cyperus sanguinoien- tus, F. B. P. ii, 856. | Perennial sedge, up to18 inches. Stem leafy half length, Umbel up to 2 inches, simple or reduced toa single head. Bracts 3—5 up to 4 inches, leaf-like | Spikelets reddish-brown, Nut obovoid, biconvex, apiculate, brown. Common on the Jubbu!pore-Raipur and Farms. ) fo. ,Pycreus NITENS, Nees. a Bo By ws ets B..- Po 9037 3 Cyperus pumila, B, Dobe, Sax. | | Annual tufted slender glabrous sedge, 2-8 inches _,high. Leaves as long as stem. Umbel up tor inch, slender, simple, Bracts 3—4, leaf-like up to 12, 14. io 4 inches. Spikelets pale straw-coloured. Stamen usually one. Nut oblong obovate, biconvex, apiculate, brown. Common on the Hoshangabad and Raipur Farms, PYCREUS CAPILLARIS, Nees. F.B, f. vi. 591; B. P. 1137; Cyperus globosus; EB. on. S57. Annual tufted slender glabrous sedge, 1-12 inches high. Leaves as long as stem. Umbel simple or reduced to one head. Bracts 2-3, up to 4 inches, very narrow, leaf-like. Spikelets dark with light edges. Stamens generally two. Nut oblong, apiculate, black. JUNCELLUS ALOPECUROIDES, C. B. Clarke. | F.B. I. vi. 595 ; Cyperus atopecuroides F,B. P, ii- 860. Robust annual glabrous sedge, 2-3 feet. Leaves as long as stem, broad. Stem thickened below, com- pressible. Umbe! compound, up to 6 inches. Secondary branches 1 inch. Bracts many, up to 1 foot or more. Spikes cylindrical, dense, dull straw-coloured, Nut grey-black. JUNCELLUS PYGmuS, C. B, Clarke. F, B. I. vis 595; B. P. 1138; Cyperus pygmeus, Pom. Peaa350. Annual tufted glabrous sedge, 6 inches high. Leaves as long as stem orshorter. Spikelets packed ina dense terminal head, # inch diameter. Spikelets greenish-brown. Bracts 2- 6 leaf-like, base broad, Nut yellow-brown, ellipsoid. Rachilla not winged. Nos. 14—20. CyPERUS DIFFORMIS, Linn, F./B 1. vi. 509:; B. P. 1142 ; F.B. Pies Medium-sized tufted annual glabrous sedge, 6-16 inches high. Stem triquetrous at top. Leaves nearly as long as stem, broad, flaccid. Umbel simple or compound or contracted into a head. Bracts much longer than umbel, leaf-like, Gite Sometimes erect like a continuation of stem. Spikelets small in dense heads, straw-coloured, sides often red, Nut nearly as long as glume, yellow. 15: 78. It CyPERUS FLAVIDUS, Retz. PUB. Tau. G00 ; "BL P. p1427.F: B, Poi. 862. Small annual tufted glabrous sedge, up to 6 inches high. Roots deep red. Leaves variable. Stem trigonous. Umbel compound, widely spread- ing, branches terminating in star-like heads. Bracts 2-3, usually very long. Spikelets long. yellow to dark brown. Nut iy, length of glume, white. CyPERUS COMPRESSUS, Linn. Pb. |. vi..605 : B. P.1143-: FB. FP. 11. 866. Annual tufted glabrous sedge, up to 16 inches. Stem trigonous. Leayes variable. Umbel simple. Branches terminated by 3-10 spikelets, almost coatracted intoa head. Spikelets broad, much compressed, golden yellow. Bracts generally 4, leaf-like and very long. Glumes with a distinct mucro. Nut 4% glume, black, obovoid. CYPERUS ARISTATUS, Ko tO. F. B, I. vi. 606 ; B, P. 1143; F.B neal SOs A small annual ‘tufted glabrous sedge, up to 6 inches, Stem trigonous. Leaves variable, usually shorter than stem. Umbel simple or contracted into an oblong head. Bracts 3, long, leaf-like. Spikelets densely spicate, oblong, reddish brown. Glumes with a long recurved bristle. Nut oblong % glume, same colour as glume. Cyperus Ir1A, Linn. , F. B. I. vi. 606; B. P. 1143; F. B. P. ii. 867. A tufted annual glabrous sedge, up to 20 inches. Leaves variable, sometimes nearly as long as stem. Stem triquetrous. Umbel compound. Bracts usually 4. Spikelets loosely spicate, yellow or yellow brown. Glumes obtuse. Nutas long as glume, black. CyPERUS ELEUSINOIDES, Kunth. F. B. I. vi. 608; F. B. P. ii. 868. Medium-sized perennial glabrous sedge, up to 3 feet. Rhizome woody, nodulose. Stem triquet- rous. Leaves usually shorter than stem. Umbel compound. Bracts 3-4, leaf-like, up to t foot. Spikelets spicate, pale. Nut yellowish= brown, 3 glume, ellipsgid. : Bl. 22s 23. 24. t2 Cypexus pitosus, Val. FB. yi. G00; B..P. 1843. Tall perennial ¢ clabréus sedge, up to 3 feet. Rhizéme woody. Stem acutely triquetrous above. Leaves shorterthanstem. Umbel compound. Bracts 4‘ longer than umbel, leaf-like. Rachis of umhel, finely hairy. Secondary | umbel corymbose Spikelets spicate, dark red-brown. Nut } glume, black. Rachilla winged. Nos. 2i—25. CypERrus corymBosus, Rofto. F.B.1. vi. 612; B. P. i144: BB) Pai A tall perennial sedge, up to 3 feet. Rhizome éreeping. Stem spongy, obscurely trigonous above. Sheaths short, loose, with or without a short lamina. Umbel conpound, Bracts variable, leaf-iike. Spikelets spicate, reddish- brown. Nut half length of glume, black, Raéhiila winged. CYPERUS TEGETUM, Roxd. Ba B. I. vi. 613; B. P. 1144; F. B. P. ii. 870. A perennial tall glabrous sedge, up to 3 feet. Rhi- zome Creeping, woody. Stem trigonous or tri- quetrous. pegee variable, sheath eee Umbel compound. Bracts 3, usually long, leaf-like. Spikelets spicate, brown or reddish brown. Glumes reméte. Rachilla stréngly winged, wing red. Nut grey-black. CyPERUS ROTUNDUS, Linn, F.B. 1. vi. 614; B. P.114¢; F. B. P. ii. 871. Medium-sized glabrous perennial sedge, up to 2 feet. Rhizome nodulose with thin wiry part between. Stem trigéndus. Leaves rigid, variable, often longer than stem. Umbel cémpound or simple. Bracts 3, variable. Spikelets spicate, red-brown. Rachilla winged. Anthers basifixed. Nut ¥ glume, dark grey-black, Cyprus TUBEROSUS, Rotto. FE. B. I. vi. 6764 'B. P. 1148 F. BP. ii. 872. Medium-sized glabrous perennial sedge, up to 3 feet. &hizome_ creeping. Stem trigonous, bulbous at base. Leaves shorter than stem. Umbel compound. Bracts 3-4, longer than umbel. Spikelets spicate, reddish-brown. Rachilla winged. Anthers mesifixed. Nut 4 glume, pale grey. 3 2§. CYPERUS EXALTATUS, Retz. | NRE Piper livinoig: BoP. das CE ES. P.11, 872. Tall perennial glabrous sedge, up to 5 feet. Rhizome short. Leaves few, variable. Stem trigénous. Umtel large, compound. Bracts 3-5, leaf-like. Spikelets in eléngated spikes, brown. Rachilla winged. Glumes éften have a resinous exudation On their margins. Nut yelldw, tapering both ends. 26. Mariscus paniceus, Vahl. F.B. I. vi. 626; B. P. 1147; Cyperus paniceus, F.B. P. ii. 874. | Perennia! slender glabr6is sedge, up to 2 feet,’ Rhizome hérizdntal bearing stolons. Stem tri- gonous. Leaves as ldng as stem, faccid, Umbel simple. Bracts 6, unequal, i6ngest 8 inches, leaf- like. Spikelets _Spicate, pale Stra w-coloured,’ bearing one nut. Nut biack, trigonous, more than 3 glume, 27. MARISCUS MICROCEPHALUS, Presl. : . BB. 1. vi, 624: B, P. 1147; Cyperus dilutus, Fy By Pe ii. 875. Stout perennial glabrous sedge, up to’ 3 feet. Rhizome short. Stem hardly trigonous. Leaves as Iéng or longer than stem, spongy, roughly punctate, Umbei compound. Bracts few of many, spongy like the leaves. Rays trigonous. Spikelets in réund star-like Spikes, brown, subu- late, bearing 4 or more nuts. 28. CoURTOISIA CYPEROIDES, Nees. F. B. 1. vi. 625; B. P. 1147; F.B. P. i. 877. Annual tufted glabrous sedge, up to 1 foot high, Stem trigonous. Leaves longer than stem, broad, flaccid. Umbel simple or Compound, Bracts 3-5, leaf-like, long. Spikelets in round spikes, yellow brown. Glumes with a glistening keel. Nut biown-black witn acute apex. 29. ELEOCHARIS PLANTAGINEA, RF. Bry BoB, Divi. Gas: By Pe 1143; FB P, i 83s. Perennial hollow glabrous sedge, up to 3 feet, Stolonslong. Leavesnone. Stem holiow, cylin- drical, transversely septate when dry. Inflor- escence a solitary elongated Spike. Glumes uniformly straw-co!oured, Bristles 7, Tetrosely Scabrid. Nut smooth, yellow, 14 80. ELEOCHARIS FISTULCSA, Schult. a F.B.I. vi 626; B. P. 1148; F. B: P.aiveee. A stout hollow perennial glabrous sedge, up to 8 feet. Stem trigonous. Leaves reduced to sheaths. Inflorescence a_ solitary elongated acute spike. Glumes uniformly straw-coloured. Bristles 6, retrosely scabrid. Nut yellow, striated, topped with persistent style base. Common on Jubbulpore Farm. 81, ELEOCHARIS ATROPURPUREA, Kunth, F, B. I. vi. 627; B. P. 1140; F. B. P. ii. 880. A dwarf annual tufted glabrous sedge, upto 6 inches. Stem filiform. Leaves reduced to a short sheath. Inflorescence a solitary globose head. Glumes membranous with green keel. Bristles present. Nut black, smooth, style base rounded, conical. ELEOCHAR!S CAPITATA, R. Br. BB. dei. (627; BR: 1149; F. B. P. ii. 889. A small annual tufted glabrous sedge, up to one foat high. Stem slender. Leaves reduced to a short sheath. Inflorescence a solitary globose head. Glumes membranous with green keel. Bristles. present. Nut black smooth, style base with a cuspidate point in centre. Style abranched. Nos. 33—39: 83. FIMBRISTYLIS TETRAGONA, Br. P.OB. 1. 91.1032 ; BUP.1152 > 2. Bar ae ze. Perennial tufted glabraus sedge, up to 2 feet. Stem slender, 4-sided. Leaves reduced to sheaths. Spikelet poliaty dark brown, conical, large. Nut longer that 4 glume, oblong, linear, curved reticu- late, straw- ap loured. 34. FIMBRISTYLIS POLYTRICHOIDES, Vahl, xi F. B. 1, vi. 6324 BoP. 1153; F: B. Poe Perennial tufted glabrous sedge, up to 1 foot. Stem filiform, trigonous. Leaves as long as half the stem, wiry. Spikelets solitary or up to 3, light straw-coloured. Rachis dark brown after the glumes fall. Nut obovoid, biconvex, smooth, reticulate, brown- black, — = - eee x it 36. 37: 38. 5 FIMBRISTYLIS SCHENOIDES, Vahl. FB. L..vi. 634; B. P. 19853; F.: Bt Pu ii. 88a Annual tufted glabrous sedge, upto 1 foot. Stem slender, thickened at the base, striated. Leaves shorter than stem, wiry with yellow dots. Spike- lets 1-3, straw-co‘Oured. Rachis brown. Nut obovoid, stalked, smooth, white with a yellow patch. FIMBRISTYLIS DICHOToMA, Vahl. BB. i. ‘vi. 635 B2 Pai159- Fe Bi Brit S8o: A small annual sedge, up to 8 inches, sometimes grey pubescent. Stem slender striated. Leaves shorter than stem. Sheaths downy. Umbel compound. Bracts filiform, often longer than umbel. Spikelets ellipsoid, angular, reddish- brown. Nut obovoid with 5-9 broad, longitudi- nal ribs. FIMBRISTYLIS DIPHYLLA, Vahl. BoB. va, 690; 5.251153; F. B. P. i. 832: A medium-sized tufted perennial glabrous sedge, up to 2 feet. Stem angled, striated. Leaves up to half stem. Umbel compound or simpie. Bracts 3-4, usually longer than umbel. Spikelets terete, dark brown. Nut with 5-13 narrow ribs, straw- co‘oured or brown. FIMBRISTYLIS PODOCARPA, Nees. Poms liv, 695 - bP. 1193: ) A medium-sized tufted glabrous sedge, up to 15 inches. Stem slender, striated. Leaves up to half stem or longer, wiry. Umbel simple or spikelets solitary. Bracts 3, longer than umbel. Spikelets red-brown. Glumes shortly pointed. Nut smooth, reticulated, pale with a 3-lobed cup at base. FIMBRISTYLIS FERRUGINEA, Vahl. Fy Biliyi. 638 B.P. 1154; F. B. P. it. 881. A medium-sized, tufted sedge, upto 2 feet. Stem slender, striated. Leaves reduced to sheaths or few. Umbel simple. Bracts shorter or longer than umbel, leaf-like. Spikelets conical, iarge, reddish- brown. Glumes mucronate, Nut obovoid, pale, with a depressed line running parallel to margin. At. A2. 43: HA. a 16 Style 3-lranched. Nos, 40—44e FIMBRISTYLIS TENERA, Roem & Sch. VAR. OXYLEPIS Steud. . FP. B.kv1 042 4° BoP. ira. A small tufted annual glabrous sedge, up to 8 inches. Stem slender, angled neartop. Leaves as long as half stem, wiry. Umbel compound, few spikelets. Bracts few, short. Spikelets small, ellipsoid, red- brown. Nut obovoid, warty, white. FIMBRISTYLIS’ QUINQUANGULARIS, Kunth. FE. B. 1. vi. 644; BoP. area; F. BoP eae A medium-sized tufted annual glabrous sedge, up to’ 18 inches. Stem slender, striated, angled. Leaves variable, margin finely scabrid. Umbel very compound. Bracts leaf-like, almést as long as umbel. Spikelets small, ellipsoid lanceoiate, brown. Glumes mucronate. Nut trigonous, dark yellow, tuberculated. FIMBRISTYLIS MILIACEA, Vahl. BE. Bo 1 vis 644553. Po iiss: PF. Bae ieee: Medium annual tufted sedge, up to 2 feet. Stem tri- quetrous atove, slightly angled below. Leaves shorter than stem, sometimes longer. Umbel very compound. Bracts hair-like. Spikelets’ golden brown, small, globose, many flowered. Nut tuberculated, finely lined transversely. __ FIMBRISTYLIS COMPLANATA, Link. F. B.I. vi. 646; B. P. 11585 F. B.Peiiaas. Medium-sized perennial glabrous sedge, up to 2 feet. Rhizome short. Stem flattened below umbel. Leaves shorter than stem, broad, margins scabrid. Umbel very compound. Bracts 2, broad, leaf- like, shotter than umbel. Spikelets very slender, more than 3” long, dark brown. Nut very smali, minutely warty, white. FIMBRISTYLIS MONOSTACHYA, Hassk. F: B. 1. vi. 6404 B. P.. 1152; FB. P. aes Perennial small tufted sedge, up to 1 foot. Rhizome short. Stem filiform, striated. Leaves shorter than stem, wiry. Spikelets solitary, brown. Bracts 2, one like elongation of stem. Spikelets large, pale straw colour. Lowest glumes distichouss Nat large, obovoid, tuberculated, dark yellow. \ f 46. 47. 48, 49 tj BULBOSTYLIS BARBATA, Kunth. F.B. I. vi. 651; B. P. 1156; Stenophylius ba¥# bata, F B. P. ii. 887. A small annual tufted sedge, up to 10 inches. Stem filiform. Leaves scabrid upwards, shorter than stem; wiry. Mouth bearded. Inflorescence a globose head. Bracts shorter or longer than head. Spikelets teddish-brown. Glumes mucronate Nut small; Y% glume, with a terminal white button. SCIRPUS SUPINUS, Linn. F. B: I. vi. 665; B. P. 1160; F. By P. ii. 892. A small tufted annual sedge, up to one foot high: Stem slender, trigonous, flowering above middle. Leaves short or reduced to sheaths. Spikelets clustered 38. Bristles 0. Nut scabrid, black; trigonous. SCIRPUS ARTICULATUS, Linn. Bee bovis 656 ; By Ps 11605. PB. Pi itz: 88, Annual medium-sized sedge, up to 30 inches. Stem cylindrical, hollow, transversely septate when dry, flowering near the base. Leaves reduced to sheaths or none. Spikelets clustered, few or many, large, rusty-brown. Bristles o. Nut trigonous, black, with transverse wavy lines. SCIRPUS CORYMBOSUS, Heyne. F.B. I. vi. 657; F. B-P. ii: 892. Large perennial sedge, up to § feet. Rhizome short Stem cylindrical, spongy. Inflorescence a lateral compound umbel, stem produced into a sharp point. Spikelets in stalked clusters, light brown. Glumes keeled, mucronate. Bristles 0, Nut trigonous, smooth, yellow-black. ScIRPUS GROsSUS, Linn. BP. B. I, vi. 659; B. P..11605, F. B, P.. i 895. Stout perennial sedge up to 6 feet. Stem thick; trigonous, spongy. Sheaths open. Umbel decompound. bracts 3, leaf-like, long, broad. Spikelets small, globose, reddish-brown. Bristles 6, scabrid, brown, Nut obovoid, trigonous, yellow, smooth, 50. 51. 52. 53: 54. 18 SciRPUS SQARROSUS, Linu. FE. B. 1. vi, 653; B.\P. 1366." F. BE. Praia Dwarf annual tufted sedge, up to 6inches. Stem filiform, cylindrical, striated. Leaves wiry, shorter than stem; sheath open. Spikelets soli- tary or up to 4 in a cluster, green, spiny with the recurved bristles from the glumes. Nut obovoid, trigonous, dark brown. FuIRENA WALLICHIANA, Kunth. F. 5B; 1.1, 665, .F. B.P. i a7. Perennial leafy glabrous sedge, up to 18 inches. Rhizome creeping. Stem triquetrous, leafy. Leaves linear lanceolate, flat, acute. Sheaths trigonous. Spikelets in terminal corymbs. Spikelets cylindrical. Glumes with hair-like point. Bristles shorter than nut. Nut finely striated longitudinally, yellow-brown. FUIRENA GLOMERATA, Linn. B. B. 1: vi. 666; B. P. 1158; F.. B..P: 2.868. Annual, leafy, more or less hairy sedge, up to 1 foot. Stem cylindrical, striated Leaves lanceolate acuminate, hairy. Spikelets clustered, terminal, ovoid. Glumes with hair like points. Bristles and scales present. Scales like battledoors. Nut trigonous, ovoid, smooth, pale. : LIPOCARPHA SPHAGELATA, Kunth, i. 5.1, Vi. 667; B. P. 1157. An annua! tufted sedge, up to 1§ inches. Stem trigonous. Leaves variable. Spikelets 1-8 in aterminal head. Bracts 1-2, unequal. Spike- lets ovoid, purple. Hypogynous scales two, enclosing the nut. Nut plano-convex, dark brown, finely reticulate. Common on Jubbulpore Farm. RYNCHNSPORA LONGISETIS, Br. F. B. I. vi. 660. | Annual medium-sized sedge, up to 18 inches. Stem slender, cylindrical. Leaves up to half stem. Spikelets in a terminal head. Bracts 5 ,bases with tuberculated hairs. Spikelets long. Bristles 6—3 scabrid, 3 plumose. Nut withlong beak, Found on the Jubbulpore Farm. 55: 56. 57- 59: ig ScLERIA PERGRACILIS, Kunth. ©. Olen GSs 5° BoPl rr ye. A tufted sedge, up to 15 inches. Stem slender, tri4 gonous. Leaves as long as stem. Spikelets clustered in a long slender spike. Clusters of 2-5 spikelets, distant. Nut tuberculated, tri- gonous. Common on the Raipur and Jubbulpore Farms. ! . The whole plant is lemon-scented. ScLERIA TESSELLALA, Willd. Poe. fi. .080 5B. 1133; Ff. Beda tl- 90g. A slender tufted leafy petennial sedge, up to 2 feet. Stem tfigonous. Leaves broad with cutting edges, scabrid. Spikelets solitary or clustered on the branches of a terminal panicle. Nut globose, bonelike ; disk salver-shaped, 3-lobed. SCLERIA ANNULARIS, Kunth. Bete el avt. 087 >. Fo P dls) 90%. . A slender annual sparingly hairy sedge, up to 18 inches. Stem trigonous. Spikelets in axillary and terminal panicles. Leaves narrow, long, cutting. Bracts cdnspicuous, scabrid. Nut very smooth, white, shining, disk reddish-brown, cup-like. I1].—GRAMINEA. PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM, Linn. PBs le vil. to; BaP prise PB. Pi it, 4g: Annualerect tufted grass, 2-3 feet. Leaves long; erect or nearly so. Ligule membranous: Peduncle long slender. Spikes 2-6 spreading. Spikelets sessile, roundish, usually in two rows. Cultivated for its grain. Also found wield in wet land. Vern. Kodo, Kodra. DiGITARIA SANGUINALIS, Scop. VAR. CILIARIS, Prain, B.P. 1181; F.B P. ii. 940; Paspalum sanguinale, vars ciliare, F. BI. vii. 15. Annual or perennial grass, up to 3 feet high. Erect from a creeping, branching base. Leaves variable, flat. Ligule hairy. Peduncle long, slender, Rachis zig-zag. Spikes arising from one point. Spikelets oblong, hairy, adpressed to rachis, _ Common. } Vern. Rai, Mukar. Liked most by eattle when dry, 20 60. DIGITARIA SANGUINALIS, Scop. VAR. EXTENSA, Prain. BP. 1181; Paspalum sanguinale var. extensum, Bohs ivil. 18. As above. Spikelets glabrous. Common. Quality probably as above. 61. DicitaRtA RoyLeAna, Prain. B. P. 1182; F. B. P. ii. 942, Paspalum Royleanum ; Pf, Biljvi. 16. Perennial slender erect leafy grass, 1-2 feet high. Leaves erect, narrow. | Ligule membranous. Peduncle long, slender, exserted. Spikes racemose. Rachis filiform. Spikelets very small, hairy. Common. | Vern. Korila, Kankri. Eaten by cattle both in the green ‘dad dry state. 62. DIGITARIA PEDICILLARIS, Prain. B. P. 1182; F. B. P. 1.941; Paspalum pedicellare, fF, dar 1G. Annual tufted erect grass, 6°18 inches high. Leaves narrow. Ligule membranous. Peduncle_ long, very slender, much exserted. Spikes racemose, slightly spreading. Spikelets yery small, paired, stalked, slightly hairy. Common on poor soils. Vern. Bondrya. Eaten by cattle both in the green and dry state. 63. ISACHNE ELEGANS, Dalz. ! P. Bol yin. 294 PB oes, Annual erect densely tufted grass, 8-12 inches high. Leaves flat, long, narrow, rough On upper side, margins rough. Ligule a ridge of brown hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle shortly exserted. Inflorescence loose, branches slightly spreading. Spikelets globose, flowers equal, hemispherig. Stigmas delicate pink, In rice fields. ; No information. 64. ISACHNE AUSTRALIS, R. Br, F. B. I. vii. 24; B. P. 1172: F. B. P.aagee Annual erect grass, 1-2 feet. Leaves short flat, rough above, margins rough. Ligule a ridge of white hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle long exserted, Inflorescence terminal and axillary, 21 ‘oose, Branches spreading. Spikelets ¢ globose; flowers unequal, lower longer, flat, upper hemis- pheric. In rice fields at Jubbulpore. Reported locally to be a troublesome weed. ‘ Horses and cattle are very fond of it.” Symonds. Inflorescence of simple spikes. No. 65—74- §§. Panicum Isacune, Roth, H. 5. 1. vit. 285: 5B. P. 1176; F. B.P. i. ost. Annual grass freely branching, creeping, 1-2 feet high. Leaves short, flat, lanceolate, sheath with a tringe of hairs. Ligule a ridge of long white hairs. Nodes villous. Peduncle long, slender. Spikes racemose, branches close to rachis, longer than the internode, Grain very small. Common everywhere. Vern. Sirput, Chendi. Much eaten by animals. Price higher than others of this genus. 66. PANICUM FLAVIDUM, Fetz. BB. F v.25 3) 6. P. 1176-F. Bi P. i! 920. Erect branching grass with compressed stem. up to 4 feet. Leaves flat, long, erect. Ligule hairy. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Inflorescence very long. Spikes distant, much shorter than the internodes. Grain larger than above. Common every where. Vern. Bodlya, Chiehwi. Cattle and buffaloes eat this grass. 67. PANICUM PUNCTATUM, Burm. F.B. I. vii. 209 ; B. P. 1177 ;,F. BP. i. 920: Perennial glabrous | prostrate or floating grass. rooting at nodes, up to 4 feet long. Leaves long, flat, glabrous, sheath very loose, Ligule a mem- brane, ciliated with long brown hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle long, exserted. Inflorescence long, spikes distant. Glume IV pitted, Growing in water at Jubbulpore, No information. 68. PANICUM PASPALOIDES, Pers. F. B.I. vii. 30; Panicum fiuitans, B, P. 1177 F.B. P. iis 920. . _ Perennial stout grass creeping in water, up to 5 feet, Leaves long, slightly rolled, glabrous. Sheaths 4.3 loose, inflated. Nodes glabrous. Peduricle in- cluded. Inflorescence of spike-like branches approximate. Rachis of spikes flattened. Spike- lets in two rows. Growing in water and wet places. ‘Considered a good fodder for cattle.’ Lisboa, Grain eaten in famine. 69. Panicum Crus-GaLli, Linn. VAR. STAGNINUM, Trim. B.P. 1177; P. stagninum, F.B. P. ii. 930. Erect stout annual grass, freely branching at base) 1-2 feet high. Leaves long, flat, erect. Month hairy. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle stout, long- Spikes close to rachis. Spikelets arranged in 3-4 rows. Awned. Grain larger. Common in rice fields and wet places. Vern. Datya. . The grain is eaten. ‘“ Good fodder and hay.’’ Lis- boa. 70. PANICUM CRUS-GALLI, Linn. VAR. FRUMENTACEUM - Trim. HB levin, 90,48. iP .aig7. As above. Awnless. 71%. PANICUM COLONUM, Linn, F.B.,1.ivii, 32: B.P..2197 F..BP. di gogm Annual slender grass, branching from base, 1-2 feet’ high. Leaves long, flat, rough. Ligule with brown’ hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle long, slender. Spikes clustered, longer than the internodes... Spikelets acute, 3-4 rows. Grain large. Whole’ grass sometimes red-coloured. Very common. ‘Vern. Sawa, Sama. One of the best fodders. Grain eaten, 42, PANICUM PROSTRATUM, Lamk. F.B. I. vii. 23 ;,B. P, 1177; F. B. P. ii. 932~ Annual creeping grass, 4- 18 inches. Leaves short, broad, base encircling stem. Mouth hairy. Nodes pubescent. Peduncle long, slender. Spikes’ approximate. Spikelets ellipsoid in 2-3 réws;, Grain medium. Very common, Vern, Sirput. “Good fodder, Grain eaten”. Lisboa. ee 23 73. PANICUM JAVANICUM, Poir. . | : FoB. 1. vin..35: 8. P.21774:F 5B. .P...929- ne} Annual erect grass, 1-2 feet. Leaves broad, basé ciliate. Ligule hairy. Nodes pubescent. Pedun- cle long. Spikes distant, slightly spreading, base usually flowerless. Spikelets woo'ly in 2 rows, Grain large. Common everywhere. “* Good fodder. " Lisboa. 44. PANICUM RAMOSUM, Linn. ; Poem. 1. vil. 30:'B.,r. £177 ¢. FB. 'P..11./033. Annual creeping grass, 1-3 feet, freely branching. Leaves broad. Ligule of short hairs. Node pubescent, Peduncle stout. Spikes lax. Rachis hairy. Spikelets often paired, one sessile. Grain medium. Not uncommon. Vern. Popti. ‘Good fodder.’ Lisboa. Inflorescence of loose panicles. Nos, 75—81. 75. PANICUM INTERRUPTUM, Willd. PeBet vii 4o%°B..P. 1178's F ABUP.t 934. | Tall grass of wet places, 3-5 feet. Base thick and compressible. Leaves long, base loosely fitting. Ligule membranous. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle long. Spikes short, giving appearance of a simple . spike. Spikelets more long than broad, very acute. Grain ellipsoid. Growing in tanks. No information. 76. Panicum tnpicum, Linn. Ree. lovin, 40; B. P.-1178. , Erect annual grass, freely branching from base, 6-12 inches. Leaves narrow, base loose. Ligule hairy. Nodes glabrous Peduncle not much exserted. Branches long, approximate. Grain ellipsoid. Growing in rice fields. 77. PANICUM MILIARE, Lamb, F. B. I. vii. 46; B. P. 1179; F. B.:P. ii..930, Annual erect tufted leafy grass, 1-3 feet. Leaves long, flat,hairy, Ligulearidge of hairs. Nodes glabrous. Pedunele exserted, Inflorescence large, 24 loose. Spikelets green or tinged purple, pointed, outermost glume less than % spikelet. Cultivated and common everywhere. Vern. Kutki., 978. PANIcuUM PsILopopIUM, Trin. - BB. vii. 46; B. P. n1705 FeeB. Pi voges Annual erect grass, 1-2 feet. Leaves shorter, nar- rower than above, glabrous. Ligule a ring of closely packed short hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle not exserted. Inflorescence large, loose. Spikelets green or purple, pointed. Common everywhere. Vern. Chire kutki. 79. PANICUM TRYPHERON, Schult. FE. BI. vii. 47; B.P. 11790; F. BoP: maggay Annual tufted grass leafy at the base, 6-18 inches. Leaves narrow, flat, hairy. Ligulearidge of hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle very long, slender, much exserted. Inflorescence Joose. Branches rough. Spikelets tinged with purple, pointed. . Common mixed with the last two. 80. PANICUM HUMILE, Nees. EF. B. d.owi, 48; BSP. 2370: ' Annual tufted erect grass, upto i foot high. leaves long, narrow, flat, .glabrous. Ligule hairy. Peduncle exserted. Inflorescence loose. Spike- lets minute, pale or tinged with red. Commonon the embankements of rice fields near Seoni., 81. PANICUM PROLIFERUM, Lamk. | FF. BR, 1. vile §0; B. P.1170; PF. BP. aga Large tall erect annual grass, 2-3 feet high. Leaves long, sheath loose. Base of stem compressible. Ligule hairy Nodes glabrous. Peduncle stout, exserted. Inflorescence drooping, branches in whorls spreading. Spikelets pointed. Grain flattened. Growing in tanks, Vern, Ponga. ae a9 82. AXONOPUS CIMICINUS, Beauv. obi wag) B. Porr7geF. B. Py i: 92. Tufted perennial hairy grass 1-2 feet. Leaves broad, ciliate ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base corf- date. Sheaths harshly hairy. Peduncle long, slen- der. Spikes verticillate, flowerless below. Glumes ciliate, with purple hairs like dark lines. Spike- lets awned. Common everywhere. No information, 83. TrRICHOLZNA Wicutu, Nees & Arn. POS. © vit Gs > Foie Pe i gan: Annual tufted leafy grass, 18 inches. Leaves long, narrow, flat. Sheaths with tuberculated hairs. Ligule a ridge of hairs. Nodes finely hairy. Peduncle much exserted. Inflorescence loose. Branches slightly spreading. Spikelets silky hairy with pink hairs. On hilly ground at Jubbulpore. ‘€ Of little value for fodder purposes. ” Duthie. 84. OPLISMENUS COMPOSITUS, Beauv. We eet vit. oO! b. Po ri73: BS By Pil. 926. Creeping leafy annual grass, 1-3 feet. Leaves broad glabrous. Ligule a ring of hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle short. Inflorescence with few spike-like branches. Spikelets awned. Awns Stout, smooth. Under shade in hilly places. A variegated variety, red, white and green, is grown In gardens. 85. OPLismMENUS BURMANNII, Beauv. Babe ta wl, 6o-1b- Ps 11730 B. BP. i. 927: Creeping diffusely branched grass, 6-18 inches. Stems leafy. Leaves ovate, acuminate, broad. Peduncle not exserted. Inflorescence with few spike-like branches, drooping, paniculate. Awns fine, rough. Common everywhere. Vern Nini. “Good fodder and hay.” Symonds. 86. SETARIA ITALICA, Beauv. F. B. I. vii. 78; By Pe 1170; Bay Pa i. 927: Tall annual grass, 2-5 feet. Leaves long, broad, Ligule hairy. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle stout, 46 far exserted. Inflorescence long. dense, spike- like. Bristles of spikelets smooth. Cultivated. Vern. Rala, Sapela. 84. SETARIA GLAUCA, Beauv. Bb. I. vii. 78; B. P. 1190; F. B. Pa eee Erect tufted grass, 1-2 feet. Leaves triangular; base hairy. Ligule hairy. Nodes glabrous Peduncle usually very leng. Inflorescence spike-. like, cylindrical, usually short but may be 4-5 inches. Barbs of bristles not deflexed. Common everywhere. Vern. Kola, Taluwa, Nawri, Bandra. Fairly good todder, 88. SETARIA INTERMEDIA; Roem & Sch. F. B. I. vii. 79; B. P. 1120; F. B. P. ii. 920. Annual erect grass, branching from base, up to 2 feet high. Stem leafy. Leaves long, flat, hairy. Ligule hairy. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle long. Inflorescence spike-like, rather spreading. Spikes distant at base, above crowned, ascending, Rachis produced into a long point 3 inch beyond uppermost spikelets. Barbs of bristles nof deflexed. Common everywhere. Vern. Sawa. Eaten when green. Grain eaten. 8g. SETARIA VERTICILLATA, Beauv. BY Ble wa. 80; B.P 1170; F. B. P. ii. Q20. Annual stout erect grass, 1-3 feet. Leaves long, broad. Ligule hairy. Nodes glabrous. Pedun- cle short. Inflorescence a conical spike. Rachis producei into a short hair beyond uppermost spikelet. Barbs of bristles pointing downwards. Common everywhere. Vern, Chikla. Eaten when green by cattle. 60. PENNISETUM ALOpPECUROS, Steud. F.B. 1.8478. P. 1160; F. B. P.aieOtaeae Perennial tussocky grass, 2-3 feet. Stems stout, erect. Leaves very long, narrow, rolled. Ligule a ring of hairs. Peduncle very long. Inflorescente long, spike-like, sometimes paired. On nullah sides and rice embankments, Vern, Mor, Mortham, Mohwt. Used for rope making. gi, 92. 93. 94. 27 PENNISETUM PEDICELLATUM, 771m. F. B. I. vii. 86; B. P. 1160; F.B. P. ii. g16. Annual freely branching, erect grass, up to 3 feet Stem leafy. Leaves broad. Peduncle shortly exserted. Inflorescence spike-like with dense soft purple bristles. Bristies silky below the middle. Common in wet places, CENCHRUS CATHARTICUS, Delile. F.. Bel yit oo; F.B.. P. ii. 918. Short annual grass branching from base, 6-12 inches high. Leaves rough flat. Ligule a ring of ae Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Inflores- cence spike-like. Rachis twisted like a cork- screw. Bristles ultimately becoming black. On the sandy shore of Tawa river, Hoshangabad. LEERS!IA HEXANDRA, So. Wo Bit. vii.og; B. Pars } F. By Ps il, rego: Annual erect grass, 2 feet high. Leaves narrow Ligule membranous. Nodes finely hairy. Peduncle long. Spikes ascending, approximate. Stamens 6. A rice-like grass. On edge of tanks and wet places. HYGRORHIZA ARISTATA, Lees. FB. ly yu. 94; B..P. 11655. Bs Poi. rogr, A perennial glabrous floating grass, up to 3 feet long, with feathery roots at the nodes. Leaves short, broad, rough on upper surface, waxy beneath Sheaths loose, auricled at mouth. Ligulea narrow membrane. Peduncle enclosed. Fanicle short Spikelets narrow, long, awned. ' A floating grass in tanks at Raipur. TRAGUS RACEMOSUS, Sco, F. B. I. vii. 97; B. P. 1186; F. B. P. ii, tora. Perennial deflexed leafy grass 4-8 inches high Leaves small, flat, margins ciliate with white hairs. Ligule hairy. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle shortly exserted. Inflorescence spike-like. Spike- lets in pairs, crowded, looking lixe one spikelet. Nerves with rigid curyed bristles, Common i stony places. an | wale re ae 88 §6. PErROTIS LATIFOLIA, Ait. F. B. I. vii. 98; B. P. 1186; F. B.P. ii. 1016. Slender leafy grass, branching from base, 3-15 inches: Leaves short, flat, margins finely ciliate. Ligule none. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle enclosed. In- florescence spike-like. Spikelets purple, two awned. General appearance like a bottle-brush. _ On the sandy shore of the Tawariver, Hoshangabad: 67. Co1x LacuryMa-] ost, Linn. Poo]. vil t00' ns. F200, F. B. P. ii. 997. Tall leafy tussocky grass, 3-5 feet. Stems erect; stout, purple or red, shining, nodes bearded. Ligule very short. Leaves long, broad, wavy, hispid. Spikes sub-erett peduncled. Fruit a grey or _ white bead. Growing near water, Vern, Kasa', Garu, Kasrhi. Eaten by elephants. The grain was eaten in famine’ times. 98. PotyToca BaRBATA, Stapf. BP. B. 1. via. 102; B. P. 12908 Fi BYP ia: Erect leafy erass, up to feet 5 high. Leaves long narrow, margins serrate, ciliate. Ligule narrow. Nodes hairy. Leaf subtending, spike awned. Spikes short. On nullah sides. Vern. Karsali, Karp. 09. IMPERATA ARUNDINACEA, Cy7vi/l, P.'B.1. vii. 106; B. P1188: PBL Py ites Perennial erect grass with creeping rhizome, 1-3 feet. Stem sclid. Leafy at base. Leaves long narrow. Rotghon upper surface. Margins fine. ly toothed. Ligule a few long hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle slender, much exserted. In- florescence spike-like with long silvery hairs. A troublesome weed on wet land. Vern, Phulya. icO. POLLINIA ARGENTEA, T7in. aie SIO) Ba Be i , B. P. 1190; EF. B. Pai, ep, Perennial erect tufted grass, 2-3 feet. Leaves hard, long, narrow. Ligule bearded with long hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle short. Spikes arising close together. Awn twisted, yellow. Spikelets hairy. Common. Vern. Mothi marvel, Gunti, Eaten by cattle when young. 29 401. SAcCHARUM. SPONTANEUM, Linn. | F.B. 1 vii. 118; B. P. 1188; F. B. P. ii. 948. Perennial tall oes grass, usually about 5 high, with deep creeping root-stock. Leaves hard, keeled, glaucous. Ligule membranous, bearded. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle not ee terred Spikes whorled; with tufts of spreading white hairs Common on black soil and becomes a troublesome weed. Vern. Kans, Padyar, Padar. Cows and buffaloes eat it when green. Used for thatching and makes a good silage. jo2. ISCHZMUM ARISTATUM, Linn. Bader ly wits, £20' B.P. 1196; Be BoP) it. 986; Perennial stout erect leafy grass, 1-4 feet. Leaves léng, broad, smooth, Ligule short, membranous,: Nodes glabrous or finely hairy just below. Peduncle shortly exserted. Spikes 1-2 stout. laa ets with 4 warts on each edge, villous. Common at Hoshangabad. Vern. Kander. 103. IscH&mMuM RUGOSUM, Salisb. Bava. 227 Be Po 11963:F. Bo. Pits oso. Annual erect tufted grass, 1-2 teet. Leaves long, narrow, reddish. Mouth eared. Nodes glabrous’ or hairy. Peduncle shoitly exsérted. Spikes paired, cylindrical, yéllow. Spikelets with trans- verse wrinkled lines on outer glumes. Common in rice fields. Vetn. Tor, Badawar. Eaten by cattle when young, ‘Grain eaten.” Duthie, io4. Iscua@mum PiLosum, Hacé. Bae beviti 190 2B. P1196 7 F.. BP. i: 961, Pérennial tall stout creeping tufted grass, 3 feet high, Leaves long, narrow, hard, Ligule membranous. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle stout, shortly exserted, . Spikes more or less erect. Spikelets woolly white. A troublesome weed on black cotton soil. Vern. Kunda. . “A good fodder.”’ Lisboa, 105s. IscHAMUM CILIARE, Refz. - Hy Bs Bo Wit rg; B. P. 1106; Fs Bi By me 62. Annval tufted leafy grass, 2 feet high, often creeping below. Leaves flat, covered with tuber~ culated hairs, Mouth of sheath shortly eared, 306. 107. 108. 100. 110. 30 ciliate. Ligule short, membranous. Nodes densely bearded. Peduncle long, far exserted. Spikes paired. Spikelets winged above the middle. Common. IscHAMUM CILIARE, Retz, VAR. GENUINUM, SUB VAR’ MALACOPHYLLUM, Hook. As above. Glume I, broadly winged at tip. Spike- lets hairy. From Seoni District. IsScCHAMUM LAXUM, R. Br. F. B. 7. wils 26% BPs rig6it 4 Bye Q64. Perennial tufted grass, 1-3 feet. Leaves long, narrow, waxy. Margins rough. Ligule a tuft of hairs. Nodes glabrous, Peduncle exserted. In- florescencea singlespike. Outer glume 6-nerved. Common on black soil. Vern. Shedwa. A good fodder. IscH2mMuM SuLcaTuM, Hack. F.B.1. vu. 1397; B. P. 1190 + F) Bab. agen. Branched grass with bent stem, 2 feet. Leaves long, narrow, waxy. Sheath loose. Ligule a ciliate ring. Nodes glabrous. Peduncles shortly exserted. Spikes solitary, outer glume 2-nerved. Com- mon. Vern. Ponai, Pohna. A good fodder. ARTHRAXON CILIARIS, Beauv. F. B. 1. vir. 145; B. P. 1199; F. BaP. nagge- Tufted annual creeping grass, up to 2 feet. Stems leafy. Leaves short, broad, ovate, margins ciliate. Ligule very short, membranous. Nodes _ bearded. Peduncle enclosed. Spikes urising close together, ascending. Awned. Common grass under the shade of trees. Vern. Kakrya, Basin, Leplania. Eaten both in the greenand dry states by all animals. ARTHRAXON MICROPHYLLUS, Hochst. F. B. I. vii. 147; B: Py fig9;. FP; Bo Paige Small erect or straggling grass, 6—10inches. Stems hair-like. Leaves small, flat, ovate, slightly hairy. Ligule small. Peduncle exserted, very filiform. Spikes arising close together, fewer and shorter than above. Rachis hairy. Spikelets ciliate. Vern. Lotna, 4t t#f, THELEPOGON ELEGANS, Roth. 7 Dy Dulwiieigg, ©. &. Pam. 07%,. ie ald & Perennial tufted grass, 3—3 feet. Leaves long, broad, base Clasping the stem. Leafmargins and base’ strongly ciliated. Ligule ciliate. Nodes bearded. Peduncle stout. Spikes arising close together. Outer glumes with transversely tuberculated ridges. Awns black below. Common, Vern. Mothi Tor. — | Eaten when young, #12, APLUDA varia, Hack. sus-st. aristata, Hack, F, B. I. vii. rso; B. P. 1194; F. B. P. ii 5956. . Tall perennial leafy tufted grass, reddish or green in colour, up to 5 feet. Leaveslong, base narrow, almost stalked, rough on _ both — surfaces, margins rough. Ligule membranous, toothed. Nodes glabrous. Sheath hairy. Peduncle en- closed. Inflorescence an interrupted leafy panicle. Spikes many, approximate, enclosed in leaf-like spathes withawns. Awnéd, Common amongst _ shrubs. Vern. Ponai, Eaten when green and makes a good hay.’ 113. APLUDA VARIA, Hack. SUB-SP, ARISTATA, Hack, VAR. ROSTRATA, Hook, Fy ed. VS E As above. Spike far exserted beyond the spathe. Less common than above. i114. ROTTBOELLIA COMPRESSA, Linn. | F. B. I. vii. 153; B. P. 1192; F.B. P, il. 952. | Perennial leafy erect branched grass from creeping base; 2-3 feet. Stem slightly compressed. Leaves linear, margins rough. Sheaths loose, mouth hairy. Ligule a ring of hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle shortly exserted. Inflorescence spike- like. Spikes terminal and axillary, solitary ora few together. Rachis not fragile. Spikelets alternate. fi OS The vegetative appearance of this grassis very like | - dub.’ In wet places. Vern, Bhaisan kand. _ Eaten by cattle both in the green and dry states. 32 gig. ROTTBOELLIA EXALTATA, Linn, od ov Badia, 150; B. Pl 92: BBP ee Perennial stout leafy erect branched grass, 6—10 feet froma tufted base. Stems hispid below lowest nodes. Leaves long, flat, rough on upper surface, margins rough, sheath logse. Ligule ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle not exserted. Inflorescence spike-like, fragile. Spikes terminal and axillary, stout cylindrical, tapering. Quter glume scabrid. Growing near the railway line at Jubbulpore. Vern. Bursali. 316. ROoTTBOELLIA PERFORATA, Roxb. | £.B. 1. vi. 198; Mnesithea levis, B.P. 1193. Erect slender grass, 2—4 feet. Leaves long, narrow, flat, margins rough. Mouth long, hairy. Ligule membranous, short. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle enclosed. Inflorescence spike;like, fragile. Spikes single, shortly exserted. S pikelets in opposite pairs. In wet places. Vern. Lom; Sodar. Eaten by cattle when young. Used for thatching when dry. | RIT MANIsuRIs GRANULARIS, Linn. Erect annual leafy, slender grass, 6-30 inches, branch- ing from base. Leaves broad, flat, margins and base ciliate. Sheath enlarged hispid. Ligule a ciliate ridge. Nodes bearded. Peduncle slender, exserted. Infiorescence spike-like. Spikes two or more axillary ; terminal solitary. Grain like small shot, wrinkled. Common everywhere. Vern. Phulwa. “ A’ good fodder”, Lisboa. 118, Oreiuees CORYMBOSUS, Gaertn. BOB wii160% B: P. T1901; F.'B. Poa. Baie Pereanlal tall orass, leafy,'5 feet. Leaves long, nar- row, flat with tuberculated hairs above, margins with small sharp teeth. Ligule short, membranous. Nodes glabrous. Peduncleenclosed. Inflorescence spike-like. Spikes cylindrical, fragile, naked below, clustered terminal and axillary, Glume usually with pits in Paes ae TOWS. Eommnon On black soil. _ Vern. Gunit, Sontha. A thatching grass, 33 a19. ANDROPOGON FOVEOLATUS, Del. F. B. 1. vii. 168; B. P, 1203; F.B. P. ii. 977. Perennial densely tufted slender leafy grass, 12 feet. Suckers and lower sheaths-silky villous, Leaves long, yery narrow, stiff; lower surface slightly rough. Mouth ciliate. Ligule a ridge of hairs. Nodes bearded. Peduncle very slender, exserted. Inflorescence spike-like. Spikes solitary, terminal and axillary, one or morefrom each node. Spike- lets purple, ciliate. Outer glume with a pit. Com- mon, Vern. China marvel. A good fodder both in the green and dry states. i20. ANDROPOGON PUMILUS, Rox6d. Pierre vi. £70); . B.'P..1./ 676. Annual tufted erect leafy grass, branching from base, I—2 feet, with purple tinge, red when ripe. Leaves narrow, sheath keeled. Ligule membran- ous. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle long, slender. Spikes in pairs, compressed. Pedicles clavate. Spikes arising from spathe, Common everywhere. Vern. Diwartan. Eaten by all animals both in the green and dry states. 121. ANDROPOGON PERTUSUS, Willd. BR. Ba ikwii.uiggr Bos 204.9 F. GB. Pi 978: Erect annual tufted leafy grass, up to 2 feet. Leaves long, narrow, upper surface rough, margins rough. Mouth bearded. Ligule membranous. Nodes bearded. Peduncle long, slender. Spikes 3-8, arising close together. Spikelets long, silky. Glume with 1-2 distinct pits. Common. Vern. Matlhar, Chotikel. A good grass. 122. ANDROPOGON INTERMEDIUS, R. Br. Pye: wis fe be edd 7, FoR. P. it. 980% Perennial stout leafy grass more or less tufted, up to 3 feet. Leaves jong, narrow, flat, wexy, Mouth of sheath bearded or not. Ligule membra- nous. Peduncle exserted. Inflorescenceof whorls ofspikes. Spikesspreading. Spikelets ciliate, red. - Common, ; 34 Vern. Tamb, Bari kandi. at ‘Eaten when green. Used for malting baskets. 199. -ANDROPOGON INTERMEDIUS, Bs Bt. VAR. PUNCTATUS _ Hook. Outer glume pitted. at _ ANDROPOGON HALEPENST!S, Brot. ¥_B. 1 vir £82; F,B. 1204; BoB, Pou, 983. Perennial stout tall grass, usually 6 feéthigh. Lédves long, broad, flat, margins with small teeth. Ligule membranous, ciliate. Nodes finely hairy, often white with wax. Peduncle énclosed. Pani- éle large. Branches ascending. Spikelets crowd- ed hairy. Not common. Vern. Baru. Eaten whén young, but the chief use of this grass ‘is for making pens. i2%, ANDROPOGON PURPUREO*SERICEUS, Hockst. $e Eva 85 2 Fes, 1 oe é Annual tall stout grass, 3-4 feet. Leaves long, nar row, hairy, mouth, ciliate. Ligule sbortly hairy. Nodes villous. Peduncle stout, far exserted. Branches in whorls, very slender, Spikelets few in’ number, downy with long brown hairs, Common — on stony soils, No information. 126. ANDROPOGON sguaRRosus, Linn. F.B. I. vii. 186; B. P. 1204; F. B. P. ii. got. Perennial densely tufted grass,2—4 feet. Leaves long, narrow, rigid, channelled, miargins rough. Ligule a narrow tidge. Nodes glabrous. Pedun- cle stout, exserted. Inflorescence of whotled spikes, ascending. Spikelets with tuberculated based teeth. A grass confined more or less’ to’ nullab sides in jungles. Vern. Khas, Urai. Eaten when young, but the roots are of most import- ance on account of the volatile oil they contain. The oil is extracted. The roots are made into screens for use in the hot weather. f27. ANDROPOGON monrTicoLa, Schult. F B, 1. vii. 192; B. P. ‘1208 ; F. B. P. ii. 08s, Fufted perennial erect grass, 1—3 feet. Stem slender. Leayes narrow, long, margins scabrid, Lower 35 sheaths keeled. Ligule very short, ciliate. Nodes ‘glabrous. Peduncle slender, much exserted. ‘Branches spreading in whorls. Spikelets solitary, cluthed with yellow hairs. Awn long, twisted in lower portion. Common in stony places. Vern. Gurgusi, Mayni, Gada sela. ‘Eaten by cattle. 428. AWDROPOGON CARICOSUS, Linn. VAR MOLLICOMUS, Hack. BP. GB. 1. vi. 196; B. Ps.1205; F. B. Bs1i..987. : ‘Erect tufted leafy grass, base creeping, freely branching, 2feet. Leaves narrow, sometimes hairy near base. Margins slightly rough. Sheath flattened. Ligulea ciliate ridge. Peduncle long -exserted, downy belew spikes. Inflorescence of Spikes arising close together. Spikelets more or Jess in 2 rows, green with long awns. Common. Vern. Mothi marvel, Bari kel. A good grass. 429. ANDROPOGON ANNULATUS, Forsk. F.B. I. vii. 196; B. P. 1205; F. B. P. ii. 988. Perennial erect leafy grass, densely tufted, 2-3 feet. Leaves narrow, base round, upper surface with tuberculated hairs,margins scabrid. Mouth beard- ed. Ligule membranous. Nodes hairy. Peduns cle exserted. Branches in whorls. Spikelets in many rows, awned, usually purple. Very common. . Vern. Lahan marvel, Kandi. A good grass. 130. ANDROPOGON conTorTuS, Linn. F. B. P. vii. 199; B. P. 1205; F.B. P. ii. 990. Perennial erect leafy grass, 1-§ feet tufted. Stem compressed. Leaves mostly at the base, long, gather broad, rough above, base ciliate, margins slightly rough. Sheath keeled. Ligule short ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle slender, en- closed. Inflorescence a solitary spike. Awns long and twisted. Grain with barb. Very common. Vern. Kusari, Sukla, Lampa. An edible grass until it flowers and again after the ‘“‘spears’’ have fallen. a3t. ANpRopocon SCHOENANTHUS, Linn, we F. B. 1. vii, 204; B. P. 1203; F._B, P, ii. “gor. Tall perennial sgented grass 6 feet, tems erect 36 tufted. Leaves broad. Ligule long, membrarious. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle enclosed. Spikes in’ pairs subtended by spathe. Spikelets ciliate. The stem contains a volatile oil, especially at the nodes. Common. Vern. Tikari, Rasa. Rusa oil, one of the lemon-grass oils, is distilled from this grass. 142. ANDROPOGON Narpus, Linn, FBT vil. 205 ¢ Bs Ps 1208. Similar to above. Erect tufted grass. Leaves rather narrow. Peduncle enclosed. Spikes im pairs subtended by leaf. No smell, Common, No information. . 133. ANTHISTIRIA IMBERBIS, Retz. VAR, IMBERBIS, Hack. F, B.I. vii. 211; B. P. 1207; Themeda imberbis, Po. ai cos: Perennial stout tufted grass, 1—3 feet. Leaves long, narrow. Sheaths ciliate. Ligule short, ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Inflorescence subtended by a leaf- like spathe, ciliate. Spikelets awned. Very com- mion. Vern. Guniar, Ghunhera. Good fodder when green. Also eaten when dry. 134. ANTHISTIRIA CILIATA, Linn. F, B. I. vii. 213; B. P. 1207;Fhemeda ciliata, F, B. P. ii. 904. Annual tufted grass, up to 6 feet. Leaves narrow. Ligule large, membranous. Nodes glabrous. Sheath ciliate. Inflorescence subtended by a leaf- like spathe. Spathe ciliate. Awn long. Common. Vern. Gunher. “Good fodder and hay,’’ Lisboa. 135. ANTHISTIRIA GIGANTEA, Cav. | F. B. I. vi. 216. A large perennial tufted grass, up to to feet. Leaves long, narrow, waxy beneath, margins serrulate. Ligule very short, membranous. Nodes glabrous.. Inflorescence subtended by a leaf-like spathe. Spikelets covered with golden hairs. Awns long. A tal] jungle grass from Bailiar. . Vern. Dekhna. , One of the most beautiful grasses in the Provinées 130. ISEILEMA WIGHT, Anderss. B. Babiwits, 228, ; B. P. 1208; F. B. P. ii. 906. Perennial tufted grass, $-3 feet, Leaves narrow, flats Sheath tuberculated, sometimes with long spread - ing hairs. Ligule membranous, ciliate. Nodes bearded. Peduncle long. Spikes subtended by spathes with tuberculated keel and margins hairy or glabrous. Awned. Common on black soil. Vern: Mushan, Mashel. A good fodder both when green and dry. 197. Isetnema Laxum, Hack. F.B. I. vii. 218; B. P. 1208; F. B. P. ii. 906. Perennial erect tufted grass, ‘2feet, Leaves long, flat, base not tuberculated. Ligule membranous, eiares Nodes glabrous. Peduncle long. Spikes sub- tended by spathe. Keel and margins smooth. Awned. Locally the commoner species. Vérn : Mushan. An excellent fodder. 138. PsEUDANTHISTIRIA HISPIDA, Hook. . F. B. I. vii. 219; B. P. 1206; F. B. P. ii. 902. Annual erect grass, 1-2 feet. Stem polished. Léaves long, narrow, flat, covered with tubercu- lated hairs. Ligule membranous, ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle slender. Spikes subtended by spathes. Spathes densely ciliate with tubercu- lated hairs, keel ciliate. Not common. Vern. Ganiar. #39: ARrsTIDA ADscENScIONIS, Linn. 6. Lavi. 224 2 B. P. 1211; F. B. P. ii. 1008. Annual tufted grass, §—2} feet. Stem slender. Leaves long, very narrow, rolled. Liguie hairy. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle slender. Panicle with short branches. Ripe spikelets purplish, glume with an awn 3-branched from base. Outer glume not awned. Very common on shallow soil. Vern. Burgi, Pancheda. One of the earliest grassesy 38 340. ARISTIDA SETACEA, Retz, | . F.B. 1. vii. 225. B. P. 1211+ F.'B. P. ii. 1008. Perennial stout grass, up to 3 feet. Leaves very — long, marrow, rolled, rough above. Mouth maked. Ligule a ridge of hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle much exserted. Panicle long. Branches Short approximate. Spikelets purplish. Outer glumes distinctly awned. [nner glume with an awn 3-branched from the base. g41. ARISTIDA FUNICULATA, Trin, F.B.I,vii. 226; F.B. P. ii. roro. Slender tufted “erect grass, 1 foot. Leaves very slender. Ligule a ridge of hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle long, exserted. Panicle narrow. Ripe spikelets purple. Glumes with a stalked, 3- branched. awn; stalk twisted, branches equal. Common on shallow soils. Vern. Burgi, Kusara. 142, ARISTIDA REDACTA, Staff. F.B. 1. vii..227; B. P. 211. F. B, P. ii. 19M. Slender erect tufted grass up to 2feet. Leaves very slender, few hairs above. Ligule shortly hairy. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Panicle . long, branches slightly spreading. Spikelets pur- ple. Glume. with a stalked, 3-branched awn; stalk twisted, 2 branches shorter than third or none. Common on shallow soi!s. Vern. Burgi. 343. SPOROBOLUS DIANDER, Beauv. — FB. liv, 2497-8. P, 1213; FB. P. 4. 1org. Annual erect slender grass, branching from base, I—-3 feet. Leaves “long, rolled. Ligule very short, ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle. not: much exserted. Panicle long, branches distant. Spikelets racemosely arranged along branches. Common everywhere. Used as fodder. £44. Sporopo.us PULCHELLUS,. R. Br. _F.B, I. vii. 252; B, P. 1213. Annual tufted slender leafy grass, 1-2 feet. Leaves flat, rather broad,. margin. with tuberculated hairs. Mouth bearded. Ligule none. Nodes 39 @labrous. Peduncle long, exserted. Inflores- cence with whorled §ranches. Spikelets reddish. Outer glumes ciliate onthe keels. Common. Vern. Bhurbhusi. Eaten by all animals both in the green and dry states. a SPOROBOLUS COROMANDELIANUS, Kunth. F.. Bi luv 2525 B. P1213); F.B.P. ii. 1021. Annual tufted grass with many stems, up to 1 foot. Leaves long, flat, narrow, with a few hairs on upper surface. margins with sharp teeth, ‘Mouth hairy. Ligule ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Inflorescence of whorled branches. Spikelets green. Keel of glume not ciliate. Common. 7 Vern, Lahan Bhurbhusi. 546. MICROCHLOA SETACEA, R. Br. F.B. I. vii. 283; B. P. 1226: F. B. P. ii. 1032. A dwarf grass, slender, tufted, 2—0 inches. Leaves curved,| short. Ligule shortly ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Rachis enclosed. Inflorescence very slender, spike-like, curved. Spikelets on one side of rachis. Not uncommon, No information. 47. Gracttza RoyLgana Hook. F. B. I vii. 284; B. P. 1226; F.B. P. ii 1021. Densely tufted short annual grass, up to 1 foot. Leaves thread-like. Sheath with tubercu- lated hairs. Ligule a ridge of brown hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Spikes clustered, arranged on one side of the rachis. Spikes ‘inverted, conical. Long. bristles on glumes. Very common on shallow soils, Vern. Phulsi. Probably the earliest of all local grasses. 348. Trieocon JAcquemontt!, Stapf. F. B. I. vii. 286; F. B. P. ii. 1037. Perennial slender erect tufted grass, 2-3 feet. Leaves long, narrow, thread-like. Ligule none. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Inflores- cence very long, 6—10 inches, spike-like. Spikelets long, up to} inch, cigar-shaped. Outer glume with a tooth on gone side, On stony jand, not common. 7 49 149. CYNODON DACTYLON, Pers, BS Bede vii. 288 ; B. P. 1227; F. B. P. it. ge. Perennial creeping grass, up to 20 inches. Leaves’ short, glaucous. Ligule membranous, ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Spikes arising from one point. Spikelets arranged on One side of the rachis, Very common, Vern., Harali, Dub, Durva. — - Well known as the best grass for horses. 150. CHLORIs VIRGATA, Sw. (ey 00 MA 291; B. P. 1228. Medium-sized leafy grass, freely branching below, 1-2 feet. Stem flattened. Leaves long, flat, margins rough. Mouth bearded. Sheath en- larged. Ligule membranous, shortly ciliate. Nodes glabrous. _Peduncle exserted, stout. Spikes 6—9 arising from one point. Spikelets awned, whitish. Spikelets when ripe falling, leaving the persistent outer glume. Common everywhere, Vern. Ghora puchhi. A very good grass. 151. ELEUSINE INDICA, Gaertn. F. B. I. vii. 293; BPs 1229+ F. B. P. ii. 1037. Annual érect stout grass, 1—2 feet. Stems leafy. Leaves very long, narrow. Sheathrkeeled, flattened, margins ciliate. Mouth bearded. Ligule mem- branous. Nodes _ glabrous, Peduncle exserted. Spikes 5—7, usually whorled. Spikelets pointing forward. Common. Vern. Pandur, Pandhar. Eaten chiefly by buffaloes. 152, ELEUSINE @GyPrTICcA, Desf. BB. Livi. 2053 B. P. 1229); F. B.P. ii. 1030. Annual erect grass, 6—15 inches. Stems floaty! Leaves long, narrow, flat. Sheath flattened, keeled, ciliate. Ligule a ciliate ring. Nodes glabrous, Peduncle exserted. Spikes 2—5, short, whorled at the top, Spikelets at right angles to rachis, awns’ recurved. Rachis projecting. Common. Vern. Kakrya, Gujri. Used as a fodder. Grain eaten, isd, dss, 156. 157, 44 DINEBRA ARABICA, Yacq. Meh ‘y FP. BI. vii. 206; B. P. 1290; F.B..P. 1.1040. 3). Annual tufted erect leafy grass, 3 feet. Leaves long, flat, sheath loose. Ligule a divided membrane. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Inflores- cence long, racemose. Outermost glume awned. Common. Vern. Lona, Karna. | ) , A good fodder both in the green and dry states. LEPTOCHLOA FILIFORMIS, Hochst. Pate. Tvl 2907 Be Py Foege! Annual slendér grass, 1—2 feet, branching at base. Leaves long, flat, soft. slightly hairy. Sheath hairy. Ligule membranous. Nodes glabrous. Ped- uncle much exserted. Branches first single, abové _whorléd or alternate, very slender. Common, Vern. Bhurbhusi, Rai. Arunpvo Donax, Linn. Y Bo owt wi 302; By Pa tito > br. > Ps 11. TOs ts Tall perennial stout grass, with creeping base,6—16 feet high. Leaves large, flat, base clasping the stem. Mouth auricled, hairy. Ligule a ciliate membrane. Panicle dense. Rachilla hairy. Spikelets long, hairy above the middle. Growing on the Adhartal Farm at Jubbulpore. This grass, as well as a Variegated variety, dre often. grown in garden shrubberies. PHRAGMITES Karka, Trin. ; F. B. I. vit. 304; B. FP. 1218; F. B. P. it 1007, Perennial stout tall grass, up to 10 feet. Leaves long, flat, broad. Sheath loose. Mouth with ears, bearded. Ligule a ridge of short hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle stout, exserted. _Pani- cle with very slender whorled branches. Spike lets purpie, long, narrow, awl-shapéd. Common In water. Vern. Baru. The stems are used for making pens. _ ELYTROPHORUS ARTICULATUS Beauv. . F. B. I. vii. 306; B. P. 1218; F. B. P. ii, 1044. Dwarf annual erect tufted grass. Leaves narrow’, flat. Sheath loose. Ligule small, membranous, 42 divided. Nodes glabrous. ‘Inflorescence stout, - spike-like, cylindrical. Peduncle enclosed. Awned. A very adaptable grass. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets breaking trom above downwards. Nos.158—161. | a58. ERAGROSTIS TENELLA, Reon. & Schult, VAR. PLUMOSA, Stapf. FB. Ll. vi..gi15° BLP. 1921; F. BLP. i Tose Annual leafy tufted grass, 6- 18 inches high. Leaves short, flat, marrow. Mouth bearded. Ligule hairy. Nodes glabrous, black. Peduncle exserted Panicle loose. Rachis bearded at the nodes. Commonest of this genus, Vern, Bhurbusi., Eaten by all animals. 159. ERAGROSTIS INTERRUPTA, Beauv. VAR. KoENIGI, Stapf F.B. Lu vil. 316; B. P. 222; F. Bo Pl mi poe Tall tufted annu: il grass, %-3 feet. Leaves very long, — narrow. Ligule eaten ciliate. | Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted, stout. Inflores-. cence iong. Spikes interrupted, sub-whorled. Branches short dense. Spikelets up to 12;flowered, Spikelets sometimes reddish. Common on rice embankments and elsewhere. Vern. Ghadela. | _Eaten chiefly by buffaloes. | bi #69. ERAGROSTIS INTERUPTA, Beauv, VAR. DIPLACHNOIDES, Stapf. FB. vit, 316%. B.. Bi we2e: Much larger plant. Ligule large, membranous. Panicle very long, branches more than 2 inches long, approximate. Spikelets up to 10-flowered. Growing 1 in rice fields at Seoni. 161, ERAGROSTIS INTERRUPTA, Beauv. VAR. TENUISSIMA, Stapf. F, Bo livin. 316;°3.. PS ree: Slender grass. Ligule a ciliate membrane.. Panicle more open, spreading. Spikelets 6-flowered. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets breaking from below upwards. Nos. 162—167. 362, ERAGROSTIS AMABILIS, Wight & Arn. F. B, I. vii. B17: B, 2. 1222; F. B. P. ii, 1028, Slender annual grass, 6—18 inches. Leaves long, flat. Ligule nones Nodes glabrous. Peduncle ex: 7 a ala 43 Setted. Paniéle open. Branches alternate’ ‘Spikelets broad, flat. Peidicel naked at base. Like quaking grass. €démmon_ everywhere. Verh. Chota lona. $63: ERaGRosTIS sTENOPHYLLA, Hochst. F. B: I. vii. 318; B. P. 1222; F. B. P, ii. 1026. ‘Perennial tufted erect grass, up to 18 inches high, Léaves long, very narrow, stiff, upper surface,’ with long hairs. Mouth bearded. Ligule a nar- row ridge. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle much exserted. Panicle open, Branches alternate dis- tant. Pedicels thread-like. . Spikelets small. Grain globose, red-brown. Ripe glumes falling’ from below. Growing cn rice émbankments at Jubbulpore, 164 ERAGROSTIS ELEGANTULA, Steud, — F. B. I, vii. 318; £. gangetica, B. P. 1222; F. B) P ; 11.) F025: Perennial tall stout grass, 3-2 feet. Leaves long, narrow, rolled, glaucous. Mouth sometimes bearded. Ligule a narrow ridgé. Nodes glabréus. Peduncle long, much exserted. Inflorescence a panicle of alternate, long, approximate branches. Spikelets dark2green, Grain oblong. Usually _ In wet places. : Vern. Asara. i6s. ERAGROSTIS TREMULA, Hoch:t. F. B. I. vii. 320; B. P. 1223; F. B.P. ii. 1027. Densely tufted erect annual grass, 3—2 feet. Leaves narrow. Sheath bearded. Ligule minute, hairy. _ Nodes glabrous, Peduncle exserted. Panicle open, bearded in the axils of the solitary branches, Spikelets long. Pedicels very long. _ On the banks of the Tawa River ifi Hoshangabad.. 166. ERAGROsTIS m4jor, Hochst. F.B. I. vii. 320; B. P. 1223; F. B. P.ii. 1026, Stout leafy grass, r—3 feet. Leaves flat, margins glandular, Mouth bearded. Ligule a hairy ring, Peduncle short, not much exserted. Panicle rathér dense, branches ‘solitary, Spikelets broad; “Common. Ke? | Vern, Godaweri: - 167. 168. 109. 170. 171. 44 ERAGROSTIS PILOSA, Beaug, F.B. 1. vii. 323; B. P. 1223; FB, Pik. 1028. Annual small tufted grass, 3.9 feet. Leaves rolled. Mouth bearded. Ligule hairy. Peduncle slender, long, exserted. Panicle with whorled branches. Spikelets small. On shallow soils, Inflovescences spike-like. Nos. 168—170. ERAGROSTIS NARDO{DES, Z7in. F.B. L. vii. 326; B.P. 1223. Perennial tufted slender grass up to 18 inches. Leaves long, almost hair-like with tufts of hairs above. Margins smooth. Ligule membranous, ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle very much exserted. | Inflorescence spike-like. Spikelets close set. In stony places. ERAGROSTIS COROMANDELINA, 7¥77, Pitas ponte « al ae B. P. 1223. Rather stout perennial tufted grass, up to 18 hielibe: Leaves short, narrow, hairy above. Margins smooth, Ligule a broad-toothed — membrane. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle much exserted. Inflorescence spike-like. Spikelets distant below, above crowded, usual!y smaller than above. In stony places. ERAGROSTIS BRACHYPHYLLA, Bi Bals wis. 427% B. P. 1223. . Perennial densely- -tufted grass up to 18 feekne. Leaves rather broader, glabrous. Margins rough. Ligule ciliate. Nodes glabrous. Peduncie much exserted, Inflorescence spike-like.° Spikelets broad, usually large. In stony places. Oropetium THOMAEUM, Tvin. F.B.1. vii. 366; B. P, 1231; F. B. P.it. 1046. A dwarf tufted grass, up to 5 inches. Leaves thread-like, short, with afew long hairs on the upper surface. Ligule a much- -divided membrane. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle slender, exserted. Inflorescence spike-like, slender. Rachis flattened, zig-zag. Spikelets alternate, minute, sunk in pits in rachis. Glume II, closing cavity of rachis. Rachilla bearded. On ny ‘ground. ¥ 45 APPENDIX I NOTE ON THE FEEDING VALUE OF INDIAN FODDER GRASSES By F. J. PLyMEN, Agricyltural Chemist, Central Provinces It is customary in considering the feeding value of cattle- foods to divide the latter by various chemical processes into a number of groups of substances, each group having its definite function in the maintenance of the animals’ strength: ‘These groups are generally known as (a) protein or albu- minoids, (4) oil or fat, (c) soluble carbohydrates or nitro- gen free extract, (d) crude fibre, and (e) mineral matter. None of them is a single substance, but each group includes a number of bodies similar in chemical nature and in the effects which they produce when taken into an animal’s body. The constituents of a food have been broadly classified as heat- “producers, whose function it is to maintain the warmth of the animal’s body, and muscle-formers, which make good the waste continually going on in animal flesh. To the former class belong oils, fats and carbohydrates, while the sole member of the latter class is protein or albu- minoid matter. To maintain an animal’s strength certain quantities of each of these constituents are required, and the daily amount of food or ration given to an animal is fixed with this end in view. The actual amount of each constituent required varies according to the purpose for which the animal is being fed. Ifit is merely being kept alive the ration is much less than if it is doing heavy work, while the pro- duction of flesh ina growing animal or of milk by milch cattle must be compensated for by a more liberal allowance of those substances necessary to support such production. The size and weight of the animal have also to be considered in fixing its ration, Apart, however, from the actual amount of food consumed, another factor influencing the feeding value of a fodder grass ‘has to be borne in mind. An animal can only make use of that portion of its daily ration which it digests, and the pracstibulity of cattle-foods varies considerably, Moreover, figs It is impossible to say to what extent Indian fodder- Brasses are digested by the animals cotsuming them. To ake such determinations, lengthy and detailed experiments are necessary and up to the present time such experimefits Have not been carried out in this country. _ Itis not possible at present by chemical analysis to Show the finer distinctions between fodders ; as, for’ example, the difference in two adjacent grazing areas, similar in most respects, but upon one of which animals grow much better than upon the other. When it is realised, however, that the important constituents of a grass are the protein and soluble carbohydrates, while crude fibre represents material from which the animal derives practically no nourishment, it is possible, by a consideration of the proportions of these cons stituents infodders, to make a broad classification between those rich and poor in nutritive matter. Oil or fat in many cattle-foods is of great importance, but in grasses the propor- tion is too low and the material itself too uncertain in nature to be of muth value. The ash constituents, excluding sand, go to build up bone and supply the mineral matter of the animal’s body, and if deficient in quantity the animal will suffer. Below will be found, in tabulated form, the composi- tion of a number of common grasses from the Central Prov- inces and Berar, Nos. 1and 2 are good fodder-grasses from the Melghat, the former being considered the best in the whole of that wide Srazing area. Nos. 3 to 8 were grown on black cotton soil at Akola in Berar, and of these No. 3 is considered to make the best hay. No.9 is the common spear grass found on many poor soils; this particular sample coming from Raipur. For the purposes of comparison the coniposition of a common leguminous plant Alisicarpus rugosus (Sehora) has - been inserted, frotn which it will be seen that plants of this nature, which obtain nitrogen in a manner peculiar to them- selves, have a composition and feedifig value very different to that of the grasses. All the samples were taken of material as cut for hay: 47 19. S2,6 0,008 tl.g 1v.62 12,98 9$ CL g9.& 5.4 seo (e109y4S) snsosni andiesisiry I “4appof snouungs, pr £0. gl.1 0.001 | fe. 16.c£ | €1.0S | oo8 go. £9.9 |" (eyNg) snz10;009 uosodoipuy | 6. 99.8 a 4 0.001 | 91.01 10."e | eg.zv | L6.¢ Oz.1 48.3 OSE \EppeyS) winxe] unuraeyosy g $6.€ 6¢.¢ 0,001 noob £9.8% gr.L¥ $6.€ €g.1 LS.on [er ([94) snsnjiod uoZodoipuy L *(JaAreut v CyS pare | O0or | tg | ore | bls | 6g | fos | 09.2 |iy0M]) snsoorres uoSodoipuy | 9 *((9ArTeUr €¢.S 00.7 0,001 OF.g QI.c€ LS.¢% 69.2 9L.1 be.or jiueyey) enyzernuue uosodoipuy | § 0£.8 1¥.8 0.00] 65.01% €r.1& | 86.9h | 69.6 Gz. 91.4 vee (joysn yy) wuInxey eurziasy | QI.o1 62.¢ 0,001 00,€1 v0.0£ ¥ILEP 1¥.4 SL.1 g9.L vee (euoyg) eoneys sTivi54 6£.6 98.6 0,001 of 11 vS.S¢ Of.oF Tt.e wg.t 69.1 vee (nue 3) C1IeA upnidy ; O$.v1 | 61.€ 0.001 | gS.gr | SE.S6 | $286 | oS.€ Qe.t Baé j (seus) UnzeIINS UNUTIEYIs] | & ‘ADAIG PUD SIIUILOA 1V4]UAD a4] {0 SISSBDAS U 4 oumor fo uorgisoduo 7 1. cmermereeene | es OEE | SE SL TCL lle a, *UT99, *pues | -oid “Iq y) *soyeIN : "ony, Zul and} ‘eyo, | “usy -Ayoques| uaSo.1 "229 T ; *S$C19' JO SUI AY PONY: apnyouy | Sur oem s1qnTog oN x mt -pnpou] Pa 4 Ss To deter- that the grasse In two cases the © meet y are of better feeding value than those ted from the Central Provinces and Berar. mine this p dea prevalent in Bombay oint samples of Bombay grasses were obtained, is ani There of that Presidenc analyses of the same varities grown in Berar have also been’ recorded for purposes of comparison the analyses of which are set out below impor *(dequiog) £e.S 0,001 | €0,11 | 6%.62 th.sh $9.t | O£,S |*equr> weransiqquy | & *(1@19q) Lt.€ ‘| 0,001 13.8 oref | G2L.S¥ €9.1 | 0g.4 isnsosize) uosodoipuy | & *(Aequiog) 65.4 O.oor | 66.$1 | 26.62 | $6.0b £6,1 | ge.S |‘snsoojse9 uosodoupuy | & "(eq ov.$ 0.001 | ‘46.¥1 v9.26 | VS.ge 19.1 | 19.8 |-wog) tyva epnidy| & 1L.9 63.6 16.5 9g. “0,001 of.11 | 2S,S¢ gf,0v 16.6 cg.t | 69.4 |*(avieq) trea epnidy €¥.9 s or 6 8 L 9 ¥ t CES | ES.) HES | oe | aa. | ComeeEAmEme | commie | meee Ebr onoes.: Gee ene a *UId} ait 01d ‘ ‘sozeip | -oid se | , ‘ ; : ol ce 22g | ‘3103 ' mai | TOL | “ESV | opnig. Sites sur. | cliajentent “#et22 )0.SmEN {SN -pryouy 1e}0L 49 it will be seen that protein, the most important consti- tuent of the grass, is found in much greater proportion in the Bombay grasses than in Berar grasses, and the same thing can be said of the mineral matter, particularly the more valuable part which excluded the sand. The crude fibre from which the animal derives no nourishment is found in lesser proportion in the Bombay grasses. These differences are probably due to climatic influences, parti- cularly variations in rainfall. 50 APPENDIX It i—-KYLLINGA MONOCEPHELA, Rettb. F.B.d vi, 588; B. P. 1195 ; F. Bo Ps ee Perennial glabrous sedge, up to 8 inches high, Rhi- zome creeping, fragrant. Leaves shorter than stem, Stem terminated by one white head, } inch diameter. Bracts 3--4, up to 4 inches long, leaf-like. Nut obovoid, compressed, pale brown. Nut bearing glume winged in upper portion. Wing with scattered resinous dots. ~ Easily ee by the fragrant rhizome. Found on Ramtek Hill, 2.—CyPERUS NIVEUS, Refz. F. B. I. vi. 601; B, P. 1142; F. B. P. 11. 864. Perennial slender glabrous sedge, up to 18 inches. Rhizome short, nodulose. Stems _ solitary. Leaves much shorter than the stem, flat, flaccid. Margins finely toothed. Stems ‘ending in 2 head of 3—9 spikelets. Bracts 2, long, leaf-like. Spikelets large, compressed, snow-white. Nut + glume, dark brown, triguetrous. Rachilla not winged. Found on Ramtek Hill. 3.—FIMBRISTYLIS ARGENTEA, Vahl. : FB I. vi. 640; B. PP. 11545 FB Pee Annual small densely tufted glabrous sedge, up to 8 inches high. Stem trigonous, striated. Leaves longer or shorter than stem, glabrous. Stem ending in a dense head of up to 20 spike- lets. Bracts 4, long, leaf-like. Spikelets grey- green. Glumes grey with green keels. Nut very small. Stigmas 2, Found onthe shore of Kinsi Tank, Ramtek. 4.—F {MBRISTYLTS JUNCIFORMIS, Kunth. ‘ F. B. 1. vi. 647; B. P. 1155; F. 1B. Pati. Perennial slender glabrous sedge up to 20 inches. Rhizome creeping, woody. Stem slender, stiff, compressed above, striated. Leaves densely crowded at base of stem, short, flat. Apex obliquely triangular. Margins finely toothed. Umbel compound, slender with few rays. Bracts 51 2—4 short. Spikelets clustered, with a few solitary ones. Nut } glume, trigonous, slightly striated. Lowest glumes distichous, Found on Ramtek Hill. & Scirpus LITTERALIS, ‘ated: Poe. ly vi 659; B. PF. t150; F. B. P. ii. 804. Large perennial sedge, up to 3 feet high. Rhizome stout. Roots red. Stem spongy, trigonous above. Sheaths open, Inflorescence a lateral, com- pound, umbel. Stem projecting beyond umbel. Spikelets large, red-brown, in drooping umbels. Bristles up to 7, plumose. Nut Smooth, brown, apiculate. Common on the nallah banks on Hoshangabad Farm: 6. THYSANOLENA Acrosiis, Nees. } Peete visor: i. Pb.) 1172' F. BP, 1b 1006, Tall perennial leafy grass, up to 9 feet high. Stem solid. Leaves very large, flat, harsh, Mouth of Sheath bearded. Ligule ciliate. Nodes glab- rous, Peduncle exserted. Inflorescence a large, soft, panicle. Rachillashortly produced. Spike- lets small, covered with white hairs. Usually found near running water. Pachmarhi and Chhindwara. Frequently grown in shrubberies. g. CHAM RAPHIS SPINESCENS, Poir. . Up Beli vite 627 BP. 1071; F. B. P. ii. 922. Floating perennial grass, up to 2 feet long, rooting at the nodes. Leaves flat Margins finely toothed. Sheathes lodse. _Ligule membranous. Nodes finely hairly. Peduncle slender, far exserted. Inflorescence afew branched panicle. Branches angular, rough, produced into an awn-like bristle beyond uppermost spikelet. Spikelets harshly hairy. Glume I small. Awn rough. A fidating grass in tanks near Ramtek. 8: SPODIOPOGON ALBIDUS, Berth. F.B. I. vii. 168; F. B. P. il. 947. Tufted annual much branched leafy grass, up to 4 feet. Leaves long, flat, with a few long hairs above, distinctly stalked. Ligule membranous; Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exsertéd, Panicle narrow. Rachis fragile, finely hairy, Spikelets alike; 2-flowered. Only collected at Pachmarhi: ©. 52 Q.--ISCHAEMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Hack. FB, Levit: 120). B./Pi rigs ; FB: Pia! Perennial tufted hard grass, up to 3 feet high. Stems woolly below, grooved on one side above. Leaves pale green, very long, narrow, rolled. _ Margins scabrid. Ligule a tuft of hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle’ slender, far exserted. Spikes 2—4, short, erect, covered with golden hairs. On stony ground at Jubbulpore. Used for making rapes and has also been used for making paper. @ 1o.—ARISTIDA Hystrix, Linn. PB. iovi. 225° BF. Be Ba, Perennial creeping grass with erect branches, up to1 foot. Leaves pale green, glabrous, short, rolled. Mouth of sheath bearded. Ligule aring of hairs. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle exserted. Panicle broad. Branches spreading. Rachis_ stout, angled. Spikelets purplish. Outter glume distinctly awned. Lower glumes with an awn, 3 branches from base, On stony ground at Jubbulpore. i1.—POLYPOGON MONOSPELIENSIS, Desf. PoB. do vi, 245; BP. tare. Annual tufted leafy grass, up to 2 feet. Leaves flat, rough. Ligule large, membranous. Nodes glabrous black. Peduncle stout, exserted. Inflorescence spike-like. Spikelets small, 2 awned. Growingin Farm nallah at Hoshang:- abad. : 12,—ERAGROSTIS GOARCTATA, Staff. POS. tov 3945 BoP. 122t. Tufted ascending perennial grass, up to 12 feet. Leaves narrow, rolled, glabrous, pale green, Mouth of sheath bearded. Ligule a shortly ciliate ring. Nodesglabrous. Peduncle exserted. Inflorescence spike-like, Rachis bearded below branches. Spikelets purple, margins ciliate. Glumes rounded, falling from above downwards. . On shallow soil at Jubbulpore. ie 23 33.——ERAGROSTIS CYNOSSAROIDES, Beauv. BoB wit, 924+ GB P. 12295 FB. Po it, cbs: ‘Tall stout perennial tufted grass, up to 3 feet. Root stock creping. Leaves crowded at base, long, flat, hard. Margins finely toothed. Ligule a short membrane. Nodes glabrous. Peduncle stout, very far exserted, Inflorescence an inter- rupted, spike-like, panicle. Rachis angular, hairy. Branches short. Spikelets sessile, much compressed, jointed. Glumes falling from below. rom Jubbulpore, INDEX INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES Namé. No. | Page, Andropogon annulatus, Forsk ast) 120 35 is caricosus, Linn. var. mollicomus 128 85 Hack. ‘ contortus, Linn. | 130 35 9) foveolatus, Del. wer bc ) BAG 33) "9 halepensis, Brot. deaf) 124 34 te intermedius, R. Br. sta: £22 33 Pr 13 var. punctatus, Hook.) 123 34) ra ioutieola; Schult. eoe| 27 34 ” Nardus. Linn. wi] 132 36° » pertusus, Willd. ove] 227 BS n pumilus, Roxb. ss:| 320 33 9 purpureo-sericeus, H othst. eee} 125 34 3 schoenanthus, Linn. APS 35 a squarrosus, Linn. Ja E26 34 Anthistiria ciliata, Linn. Pelee Oe ve be gigantea, Cav. wi} 135 36 a imberbis, Retz. var. imberbis, 134 36° | Hack, Apluda varia, Hack. sub-sp. aristata, Hack. ..| 112 3r . ae v , var. rostrata, Hook.| 113 3f Name. | No. | Page. 28 13 » | 149 40 As 10 | 17 If 16 11 2a), ae Aristida Adscenscionis, Linn. one i) teunieulata, “Trin. ms » Fedacta, Stapf. ae » setacea, Ratz. cu Arthraxon ciliaris, Beauv. ‘5 microphyllus, Hochst. eee Arundo Donax, Linn. ose Axonopus cimicinus, Beauv. Bulbostylis barbata, Kunth. (Cenchrus catharticus, Delile. one ro] = ] & Pp WO ae) i \O Cs: Gs 65 Cor Cos" =] Chloris virgata, Sw. iy Coix Lachryma-Jobi, Linn. Courtoisia cyperoides, Nees. ase Cynodon dactylon, Pers. Cyperus alopecur oides | obs » aristatus, Rottb. wits »» compressus, Linn. lade » corymbosus, Rottb. ase » difformis, Linn. mee » ailutus ave » €leusinoides, Kunth, we » exaltatus, Retz. ee », flavidus, Retz. * ” ¥ ’ ¥ 2? ae © <= - . Name. Cyperus globosys. Iria, Linn. » paniceys. », Pilosus, Vahl. i pumilus. » LyZMeys. » rotundus, Linn. jy sanguinolentus. tegetum, Roxh. ,, tuberosus, Rottb. Digitaria pedicillaris, Prain. » Yroyleana, Prain. » sanguinalis, Scop., var. ciliaris, Prain. . ” 1? oP) Dinebra arabica, Jacq. Eleocharis atropurpurea, Kunth. EP capitata, R. Br. Be fistulosa, schult. ES plantaginea, R. Br. Eleusine egyptica, Desf. », indica, Gaertn. Elytrophorus articulatus, Beauv. extensa, Prain. 153 152 151 157 Name. . No. —o Eragrostis amabilis, Wight and Arn. ey pe 1c). 42 brachyphylla, Stapf. rae ay | 44 A coromandelina, Trin. | 169 A4 - elegantula, Steud. a | £64 43 F gangetica. | 164 43 5 interrupta, Beauv. var.— diplachnoides, Stapf: ...| 160 Koenigil, Stapf. 1 RO tenuissima, Stapf. Be ck | i; major, Hochst: s..| 166 ;, nardoides, Trin. jal) 968 js stenophy!la; Hochst. ss] i) TOS 3 tenella, Roen and Schult. var. plum-| 158 osa, Stapf. i tremula, Hochst. aie| G5 Eriocaulen Duthiei, Hook. 2 luzulefolium; Mart. ae 3 ‘ quinquangulare, Linn. 4 53 Sieboldianum, Sieb. and Zucc. _... I & trilobum, Ham. | 4 5 i xeranthemum, Mart. wel Ms pilosa, Beauv. Be 6 44 59 SS ae rare ee ore Re De en ar | Name. No. | Page. | Sa Fimbristylis complanata, Link. oh 450 a i ) dichotoma, Vahl. 36 15 i diphylla, Vahl. went So 15 ” ferruginea, Vahl. SE Veo ES AS miliacea, Vahl. 42 16 F monostachya, Hasak, we] 44 16 , podocarpa, Nees. 38 | 15 , polytrichoides, Vahl. 341 14 af quinquangularis, Kunth. at 41 16 is schcenoides, Vahl. Cane Se 15 none tenera, Roem and Sch. var. oxyle-| 40 16 i pis, Steud. i , tetragona, Br. sei) 2°98 14 Fuirena glomerata, Lian. ths 52 18 » Wallichiana, Kunth. ed fy et 18 Gracilea Royleana, Hook. | od) (AEA 39 Hygrorhiza aristata, Nees. way lly G4 27 Imperata arundinacea, Cyrill. es Ph 2, OF 28 Isachne australis, R. Br. «as} ins OF 20 5 @legans, Dalz. a 63 20 |schemum aristatum, Linn. et | 102 29 f died Retz, | «ap 105 29 > % e304 Ware ec hati sub. var.!| 106 30 malacophyllum, Hook. _ a e~ r Name. Ischemum laxum, R. Rr. “4 pilosum, Hack. dee a rugosum, Salisb. ae 5 sulcatum, Hack. AO Iseilema laxyum, Hack. in », Wightii, Anderss. ane Juncellus alopecuroides, C. B. Clarke: ce pygmeus, C. B. Clarke. eS Kyllinga brevifolia, Rottb. Bn, . triceps, Rottb. aes Leersia hexandra, Sw. des hectochloa Gilformis, Hochst, Pi Lipocarpha sphacelata, Kunth. és Manisuris granularis, Linn. | Mariscus microcephalus, Pres. Be paniceus, Vahl. Microchloa setacea, R. Br. Unesithea levis | Ophiurus corymbosus, Gaertn. dna Oplismenus Burmanni, Beauv. fi 9y compositus, Beauv. cee Oropetium Thomeun, Trin. pas Panicum colonum, Linn. ut Crus-galli, Linn. var. frumentaceum, Trim. 61 Panicum Cras- -galli. Linn. var. stagdinum, Trim. 9 9 29 Name, flavidum, Retz. . fiuitans. humile, Nees. indicum, Linn. interruptum, Willd. Isachne, Roth. javanicum, Poir. miliare, Lamk. paspaloides, Pers. proliferum, Lamk. prostratum. Lamk.: psilopodium, Trin. ? é* punctatum, Burm, if ramosum, Linn. 4s stagninum 7 tryphero#, Schult. Paspalum pedicellare ya oF} ” Royleanum sanguinale, var. cihare. a x) extensunt scrobiculatum, Linn. Pennisetum Alopecuros, Steud. @d0 62 Name. No. | Page, Ge aiieeeans pedicellatum, Trin. aA: gl 27 Perotis latifolia, Ait. el OD 28 Phragmites karka, Trin. ad | 156 41 - Pollinia argentea, Trin. wso| 2 LOG) eae Polytoca barbata, Stapf. 98 28 Pseudanthistiria hispida, Hook. oof GS 37 Pycreus capillaris, Nees. ie f 10 » Nitens, Nees. a 10 9 » sanguinolentus, Nees, 9 9 Rynchospora longisetis, Br. sis" ae 18 Rottboellia compressa, Linn. con) aD 31 4 exaltata, Linn. BAe i 32 5 perforata, Roxb. Reales C5) 32 Saccharum spontaneum, Linn. oss] OE tn ee Scirpus articulatus, Linn. ee| 47 17. ,, corymbosus, Heyne. pal AS 17 » grossus, Linn. bool 17 » squarrosus, Linn. | Py ec pe) >, supinus, Linn. ive| 4/490 17 Scleria annularis, Kunth. , a = 19 , pergracilis, Kunth. os) 55 Ane », tessellata, Willd. woot 9550) 1 (eMeD Setaria glauca, Beauv. | ose Mg 26 | » intermedia, Roem and Sch. Pi 26 » italica, Beauv. evel ges 25 , verticellata, Beauv. : a 89 26 63 Name. No. | Page. Sporobolus coromandelianus, Kunth. | 145 39 i diander, Beauv. lef PAR 88 Is pulchellus, R. Br. tet, EAA 38 Stenophyllus barbata AGS Re 17 Thelepogon elegans, Roth. PA ave § 4: 31 Themeda ciliata OS, his ean 36 Themeda imberbis eR | ice § 36 Tragus racemosus, Scop. fei 95 | 27 Tricholena Wightii ,Nees. and Arn. Pap O31 ies Tripogon Jacquemontii, Stapf. veal B48 39 INDEX OF VERNACULAR NAMES Asara Badawar Bandra Bari kandi Bari kel Baru P asin Bhaisan kand Bhurbhusi Bhurbhusi lahan Bodlya Bondrya Burgi Bursali Chendi Chichwi Chikla China marvel Chiri kutki No : ——— See ee ee ee Es 1 Page. Chota !ona Chotikel : Datya Dekhna Diwartan Dub Durva Gada sela Garu Ghadela Ghora puchhi | Ghunera Badagesi Gujri Gunher Guniar Gunit Gunti Gurgusi Harali Kakrya Kander — RLS WETS EE TR I Name. No. | Page. 121 33 ‘ 69 22 335 37 120 33 149 40 149 49 127 35 : 07 28 159 42 ; 150 40 «1 133] 36 - 166 43 : 152 40 | 134 36 ig ... 1133 & | 36 & 138 | 37 : 118 32 vault.) BOO 28 : 127 35 wal 140 40 «| 109 &| 30 & 152 40 : 8 Name. Kandi Kankri Kans Karna Karpi Karsali Kasai Kasrhi Khas Kodo hola Korila Kunda Kusara Kusari Kutki Lahan Bhurbhusi Lahan Marvel Lampa Leplania Lom Lona Lotna Malhar 66 No. w.|{122 & 129 61 \O Q N N & : | Page. 34 & 35 20 29 4! 28 28 28 28 34 19 26 20 29. 38 35 24 39 3D 33 3° 32 LEI AEN RN SENG NTT EET IAT DENS: FETT NIRS IT EP EE DIT Name. Mayni Mohwi "Mor Morthan Mothi Marvel Mothi Tor Mukar Mushan Mushel Nawri Nini Padar Fadyar Pancheda Pandhar Pandur Phulsi Phulwa 'Phulya Pohna Ponai Ponga Popti | No. | Page. en | 35 4 90 26 --| 90 26 ia 99 26 100 | 28& 35 sie REE RI safc SG 19 136&) 47 137 vee} 336 37 87 26 85 25 : 101 29 one| OT 29 x 139 37 oeel)) BSE 40 15! 40 147 39 117 32 . 99; 28 108 30 oe| 108 &] 30 & 112 31 . 81 24 een] = 74 23 68 Name. No. Page, ‘Rai | so & | 188 - Rala | ree on Rusa ary | jes| HQT BB Sapela f| "So 26 | Sawa | eae! 71 OS | ope ae 88 26 Shedwa — , soe| 107 30 Sirput --( 65 & | a1 & 72. 22 Sodar :