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FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM

PUBLICATION 76
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. Ill, No. n

A LIST OF MAMMALS

OBTAINED BY

EDMUND HELLER

COLLECTOR FOR THE MUSEUM

FROM THE

COAST REGION OF NORTHERN
CALIFORNIA AND OREGON

BY

D. G. ELLIOT, F. R. S. E., ETC.

Curator of Department.

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

May, 1903

A LIST

OF MAMMALS OBTAINED BY EDMUND HELLER,

COLLECTOR FOR THE MUSEUM, FROM THE COAST

REGION OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

AND OREGON.

BY D. G. ELLIOT, F.R.S.E., ETC.

In the spring of 1901, Mr. Edmund Heller started from San Fran-
cisco on a trip along the coasts of California and Oregon to obtain
specimens of mammals for this institution, visiting as many of the
type localities as possible on his route. His first collecting place was
Nicasio, Marin County, type locality of Microtus californicus, not far
from San Francisco. This locality Mr. Heller describes as follows:
"Nicasio is situated in a small valley surrounded by rather high rolling-
hills, the highest of about one thousand feet. The northern slopes of
the hills are heavily forested by Sequoia sempervirens, Pseudotsuga
taxifolia, Inersus densiflora, Umbellulario calif arnica, and other Transi-
tion trees. The southern slopes are open and covered by a good
growth of grass which is used for pasturage. The valleys are also
chiefly grass lands with a few scattered Quercus agrifolia and Q. lobata.
Two life zones are present. The Transition is limited to the northern
slopes of the hills and cold canons, and is marked by the range of
Sequoia and Pseudotsuga timber. Haplodontia and Taniias are here
characteristic of this zone. The upper Sonoran zone is limited to the
valleys and southern hillsides, and covers much the greater part of the
country." Mr. Heller remained at Nicasio for two weeks, and then
went to Point Reyes, on the coast, type locality of Haplodontia phcea
and Putorius x. mundus, and passed a week there. Of this place he
says: "The Point Reyes peninsula is well separated east of the line of
the North Pacific Railroad by a low divide which extends from the
southern end of Tomales Bay to Bolinas, and is formed of high hills
of over a thousand feet, heavily forested by Pinus muricata, Pseudo-
tsuga taxifol.ia, Umbellulario calif or nica, Inersus densi flora, Arbutus
mcnzisi, etc. That part of the peninsula west and north of Drake's
Bay is a low and sandy plain with a frontage of sand-dunes along the
coast. The peninsula was at one time evidently an island, the low
divide having been gradually filled in by the creeks flowing into
Tomales and Bolinas bays. The whole peninsula is in the Transition

175

176 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

zone, the climate very cold for the latitude, due to the heavy winds
and fogs constantly occurring." The next collecting place was Peta-
luma, a. short distance north of Point Reyes, and the type locality of
Rkilhrodontomys longicauda and Neoto ma fuscipes, where but a brief stay
was made, and then Mr. Heller proceeded to Mendocino, the type
locality of Tamias t. ochrogenys and Peromyscus o. rubidus, where he
remained ten days and procured a number of desirable specimens.
Mendocino he states "is on the sea coast at the mouth of Big River, a
stream about seventy-five yards wide where it enters the sea, and is
subject to the influence of the tide four miles above its mouth. The
town is on a low plateau that slopes gradually to the ocean, the coast
slope being chiefly open and grassy, except where cut into small
caftons by streams which are heavily forested on their banks. Four
or five miles back from the coast the hills grow higher, forming moun-
tains of several thousand feet elevation. The plateau, cafions, and
mountains are heavily forested with Sequoia, Pseudotsuga, Abies, etc.
Near the coast Pinus muricata is the most abundant tree, but it does
not extend inlarfd very far. The whole region is Transition except
perhaps the higher mountains, where the Canadian may be found."
Of the mammals of this locality not procured may be mentioned
Spermophilus v. beecheyi, which was said to be "common a few miles
inland in grain fields, and also to the southward about Point Arena."
It was said to have only appeared in the region since the establish-
ment of grain fields. Another species, the sea otter, Latax lutris,
formerly occurred in the Bay of Mendocino, but has not appeared in
late years. A trapper reported having seen six about ten years ago.
Ten days were passed in this locality, and then Mr. Heller went
to Eureka, type locality of Thomomys laticeps, at which place and its
vicinity he remained three weeks; and one week was passed at Scotia
in the redwood belt on Eel River south of Eureka. At Table Bluff at
the southern end of Table Bay small mammals were abundant, and a
considerable number representing various species was taken. Of this
country Mr. Heller says, that "except about the mouths of rivers and
at Humboldt Bay, it consists of high hills and mountains covered by
heavy forests of Sequoia, Pseudotsuga, Abies, Picea^ etc. About Hum-
boldt Bay the land is low and rolling, and the uncultivated portions
are covered by a thick growth of ferns (Pteris) and shrubs, chiefly
Pubus and Gaultheria. Most of the region appears to be in the lower
part of the Canadian zone, especially that portion bordering the coast
where Picea sitkensis is found. Indeed, for ten or twelve miles where
the heavy fogs do not penetrate it is much warmer and the vegetation
is chiefly Transition in character."

MAV, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 177

Requa was the next place visited, considerably to the north of
Eureka, and situated on the Klamath River, which at its mouth Mr.
Heller states is "bordered by rather steep hills with occasional small
flats interspersed among them. Most of these hills are heavily
forested with Picea, Pseudotsuga and Sequoia. A few bald hills occur
which lack trees and support only a growth of ferns and bushes, but
these are found usually a considerable distance up the river. The
dominant tree about the mouth of the Klamath is Picea sitkensis, which
grows to an immense size on the rich bottom lands. The giant arbor-
vita; Thuya occidentalis finds its southern limit here and Tsuga hetero-
phylla is also quite abundant. All three of these trees are characteristic
of the Canadian zone in which the whole coast line is situated. Fifteen
or twenty miles inland the Transition zone occurs in which oaks and
Douglas fir predominate, and Picea and Sequoia are lacking. " Sea lions
are common off the coast and also in the Klamath River, which they
ascend for several miles to feed upon the salmon ; also seals, Phoca
richardi, are plentiful and destroy a great many salmon. At Requa
was first procured the wood-rat I have called Teonoma f. apicalis.
From Requa Mr. Heller went to Crescent City, type locality of Microtus
angusticeps, near the boundary line of California and Oregon, where he
remained eight days. He says of this place that it is "situated- in a
low level country, which extends from the hills five miles south of the
town to the mouth of Smith River a somewhat greater distance to the
north. The region contains a considerable number of lakes and is
generally swampy where not forested. Spruce and Douglas fir are the
commonest trees near the coast, but inland a few miles the redwood
forests extend unbroken north and south, and with a width of six to
ten miles. "

Passing now into Oregon the first stop was at Goldbeach, where a
stay of one month was made. Of this place Mr. Heller writes that it
is "situated in a hilly region at the mouth of Rogue River/ The hills
rise abruptly from the river to heights ranging from five hundred to
fifteen hundred feet, their summits usually gently rounded or compara-
tively level, and composed largely of serpentine rock which supports
a fair growth of grass or brush, but few or no trees. The forests are
confined mainly to the caftons or hillsides, but are not absent from
the ridges where these are composed of soft rocks or soil.

The forests consist chiefly of the Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga taxijolia.
Near the coast Abies amabilis, Picea sitkensis, and Pinus contorta form
a fair portion of the timbered areas. Away from the coast Chamce-
cyparis laii'soniana is a fairly common forest tree. The tan-bark oak,
California laurel, red alder, big leaf maple, and madrofto are common

178 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

trees along streams, and seldom form forests of any extent. The
region is apparently in the Canadian zone, but the open grassy nature
of the hills and the presence of Citellus v. donglasi give it a Transition
aspect."

At Goklbeach a new species of Thomomys was procured which has
been named after its captor, and also a new form of Peromyscus, and
in the district between Crescent City and this first Oregon station,
Sciurus douglasi and 6". d. mollipilosus appear to intergrade, individu-
als that may be attributed to either form having been taken in both
places. The only specimen of Sciuropterus secured during the entire
journey was taken at Goldbeach, where it was said to be of rare
occurrence.

Mr. Heller writes of the animals not collected that a small colony
of beaver, Castor c. pacificus, is said to "inhabit a wooded island a few
miles up the river. The trappers distinguish two species, a black
form which builds houses, and the common reddish brown form which
lives in holes along the banks."

From Goldbeach Mr. Heller went to Agness, "a small station at the
mouth of the Illinois River about thirty miles from the mouth of the
Rogue River," where he passed a week in the mountains hunting black
bear unsuccessfully. He procured two black-tailed deer, O. columbi-
anus, and only a few small mammals of the same species obtained
at Goldbeach. Proceeding northward along the coast, Marshfield was
the next collecting station, where two weeks were passed. Mr. Heller
writes that the "marshes near the town of Marshfield are infested by
Mus norvegicus and M. musculus, which made trapping rather disagree-
able. The Coos Bay is more isolated than any other I have made
collections in, and is perhaps better characterized by what it lacks
than in any other way. The region has no connection by its streams
with the Willamette Valley or the Cascade Range as does most of the
country drained by the larger streams, and this perhaps accounts for
the absence of such genera as Thomomys, Citellus and Erethizon,
etc." At Marshfield the chipmunk that I have characterized as
Tamias t. littoralis was first met with. Gardiner was the next stopping
place, "in a low, hilly region on the Umpqua near its mouth. The
region is intermediate in character between the sand-dunes of the
coast and the low rolling country flanking the mountains. It is a
country of low hills and lakes and deep lagoons along the rivers. The
rock formation is chiefly horizontally bedded soft sandstone which has
been cut into rather deep ravines by the streams. The deep sloughs
and the great inland extension of the tide would suggest a sinking, or
rather sunken, coast. The country bordering the sand-dunes is

MAY, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 179

thickly covered by Pinus contorta; farther inland it is overgrown with
spruce, Picea sitkensis^ fir, Pseudotsuga taxifolia, and cedar Thuya
gigantea." Here was obtained the wood -rat, Teo'noma f. apicalis.
Proceeding northward, Florence on the Lower Sinslaw Rtver was the
next place visited. "The Lower Sinslaw," says Mr. Heller "flows
through a sandstone region cut into numerous low, rounded hills.
The coniferous forest which clothed the lower hills near the mouth
has been removed by fire many years ago. The blackened stumps
of this forest are still standing, but the country has been overgrown
with alders, Alnus oregonus. A few firs still remain along the streams
and in the canons. The river is subject to tide for about twenty miles
from its mouth. Tide-flats, tide-swamps, and lagoons are numerous
along the lower part of the river near the mouth, and between the
sand-dunes and the hills, lakes are numerous. Near the coast
the scrub pine, Pinus contorta, is the commonest tree ; farther inland
and about the lakes and tide-water the spruce is predominant. Still
farther inland and on the higher ground the Douglas fir and red cedar
are the prevailing conifers." Haplodontia pacifica was common here
on the north fork of the Sinslaw River, and a series of specimens was
procured and also the new form of muskrat, I have named F.
occipitalis on account of the unusual formation of the skull. It is the
largest known species of the genus.

Beaverton, type locality of Lepus f. ubericolor, was next visited in
order to procure the rare and little known Thomomys bulbivorus, a good
series of which was obtained. On account of the peculiar cranial
characters of this animal, I have made it the type of a new subgenus.
Of Beaverton Mr. Heller writes that it is "near the Columbia River,
where the Willamette Valley enters the valley of the Columbia. The
region is low and rolling, but hills are entirely lacking in the immedi-
ate vicinity of the town. The timbered land is covered with forests
of yellow pine, Pinus jeffreyi, Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga taxifolia, white,
oaks, Quercus zarryana, etc. A small stream which was formerly noted
for its beaver-dams flows through the town. The soil is chiefly a
heavy black adobe except on the higher parts where it is largely clay.
The region is evidently Transition in the character of its vegetation as
shown by the presence of the yellow pine and white oak. The beaver
which was formerly quite abundant is now nearly or quite extinct."
A few may still occur about the head waters of small streams. From
Beaverton a short trip was made to McCoy, the type locality of
Micro/us canicaudus. The place is in "much the same kind of country
as Beaverton, but more level and forested. The coast range is about
fifteen miles distant. In some places forests of Douglas fir occur, but

180 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

the land is chiefly open and grassy. White oaks and a few yellow
pine occur also, and the region I should judge was more Transition
than that at Beaverton." The season was now late, December, and
the heavy rains had set in, making collecting arduous and difficult,
so Mr. Heller was instructed to return south, preparatory to going
into Lower California and the San Pedro Martir mountains. A stop
of four days was made at Grant's Pass, type locality of Thomomys
leucodon, which is situated on a level plateau on the north bank of the
Rogue River in a mountainous region. The country is composed
largely of granite or eruptive rocks, and is covered with a scattered
forest of yellow pine, Pinus jeffreyi, sugar pine, Pinus lambertina,
Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga taxifolia, and several species of white and
live oaks. It is a Transition region allied more closely to the Sacra-
mento Valley than to the Willamette.

ORDER UNGULATA.

FAM. CERVID^E.
ODOCOILEUS.

Odocoileus columbianus.

Odocoileuscolumbianus. (Rich.), Faun. Bor. Amer. , 1829, p. 257.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm. , 1903, p. 41.

Two specimens Agness, Curry Co., Oregon.

The genus ODOCOILEUS was proposed by Rafinesque (Atlantic
Journal, 1832, No. 3, p. 109) on a fossil premolar of some kind of
deer. In the same year he instituted the genus Panallodon (Month.
Am. Journ. Geol. and Nat. Scien.) on a jawbone of some mammal
which he thought was "akin to Mazama" (Am. Month. Mag., 1817,
vol. i, p. 44) another of his genera comprising "the Brockets." Dr.
Merriam (Proc. Biol. Soc. , Wash., 1898, p. 99) assumed that this fossil
tooth belonged to the "Virginian deer, or some closely related form"-
this, however, being incapable of proof — and advocated the adoption
of Odocoileus 'for our white-tailed deer, and rejected Panallodon, quite
correctly, on its insufficient diagnosis. It becomes a question worthy
of serious consideration whether a genus founded upon some fossil
remains of an otherwise entirely unknown animal of a past age should
be unhesitatingly adopted for a group of existing species that may be,
in the majority of its characters, widely different from the extinct
form. Also whether it is not inadvisable to adopt any genus of
Paleontology in any branch of Zoology. It would seem that the rule
forbidding the adoption of a genus in a branch of Zoology if already

MAY, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 181

employed in any other, might with profit be also made applicable to
paleontological genera, in which case Odocoileus, even if it could be
proved to stand for an animal akin to the Virginian deer, would not
be available in Mammalogy, and DORCELAPHUS, Glog. Handb.
Naturg., 1841, p. 140 would be the proper generic term for our white-
tailed deer. To those who prefer to adopt paleontological genera
in Mammalogy, Anoglochis, Croiz. and Jobert. Oss. Foss. Cervidae,
1828, antedating Odocoileus, as suggested by Lydekker, is respectfully
submitted. Under any circumstances, Odocoileus, as at present
denned, is most unsatisfactory.

ORDER RODENTIA.

FAM. SCIURID^E.

SUB. FAM. SCIURIN^E.

SCIURUS.

A. HESPEROSCIURUS.
Sciurus griseus.

Sciurus griseus. Ord, Guth. Geog., 1815, p. 292. Elliot, Syn.
N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 55.

Five specimens: 2 from Petaluma and i from Eureka, California,
2 from Agness, Curry Co., Oregon.

This species was abundant in many of the localities visited but
only the above specimens were" preserved.

B. TAMIASCIURUS.
Sciurus douglasi.

Sciurus douglasi. Bach., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1838, p. 99. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 65.

Thirteen examples: i, Crescent City, California; i, Marshfield;
2, Goldbeach; i, Chetco; 6, Gardiner; and 2, Beaverton, Oregon.

Crescent City is the southern limit of the range of this species.
Not abundant.

Sciurus d. mollipilosus.

Sciurus d. mollipilosus. Aud. and Bach., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.,
Phil., 1842, p. 102. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 65.

Fourteen specimens: 5, Mendocino, 2, Requa, California; 7, Gold-
beach, Oregon.

Apparently abundant, called Pine Squirrel at Requa.

182 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

S. douglasi and S. d. mollipilosits appear to intergrade from Crescent
City, California and Goldbeach, Oregon, for specimens from these
localities may be attributed to either and are typical of neither form.
The tail fringe varies in color from yellowish white to buff in the vari-
ous individuals, but never as white as in mollipilosus, nor .as deep in
hue as in douglasi. At Marshfield typical douglasi occurs, and the
Crescent City specimen, 2 from Goldbeach and i from Chetco, I have
called douglasi as the tail fringe was darker than in the others. The
Mendocino specimens were taken in July, and the pelage is worn and
consequently is grayer than the fall pelage represented by the others,
and at that season, except for the tail, there is not much difference to
be observed between the forms. Writing of S. d. mollipilosus, Mr.
Heller says "it is said to extend northward to the Rogue River, and
perhaps it does inland in the Transition zone, but along the coast in
the Canadian zone the Klamath marks its northern limit."

TAMIAS.

Tamias townsendi ochrogenys.

Tamias townsendi ochrogenys. Merr. , Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash.,
1897, p. 206. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 71.

Forty-four specimens: n, Mendocino (topotypes) ; 10, Eureka;
12, Requa; i, Crescent City, California; 9, Goldbeach; i, Agness,
Oregon.

Dr. Merriam separated this form mainly on account of its buff
cheeks and underparts, and the absence of the black stripe between
eye and nose. The Mendocino examples are topotypes and answer to
Dr. Merriam's description, except two, taken as we're the others, in
July, which have the underparts grayish white with the barest suspicion
of a buff tinge. Otherwise they are like the other specimens from the
same locality. One example from Eureka (August), and two from
Goldbeach (September and October), are like the July Mendocino
specimen, but all the rest from Eureka, Requa, Crescent City, Gold-
beach, and Agness (July, August, and September), are in what I con-
sider the post-breeding pelage, being much brighter, the dorsal stripes
much more distinct, and the rumps in the majority lighter and grayer.
There is a certain amount of individual variation perceptible among
the specimens, as is usually seen in all species of Tamias at different
seasons of the year, such as the depth of coloring on the sides of the
body, and of the buff on the underparts, and the sharpness and clear-
ness of the dorsal stripes.

MAY, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 183

Tamias townsendi littoralis.

Tamias townsendi littoralis. Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus.,
1903, in, p. 153.

Nineteen examples: 10, Marshfield ; i, Scottsburg; 4, Florence;
4, Gardiner, Oregon.

This sub-species is conspicuous for its lack of gray dorsal stripes,
and the presence of the ochraceous face and distinct anteorbital stripes
and white underparts. The specimens were all taken in November
and December and are therefore in winter pelage, but the coat is not
at all worn. In the paper in which this race was described I gave the
differences between it and hindsi, ochrogenys and townsendi.

Tamias townsendi hindsi.

Tamias townsendi hindsi. Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1842,
p. 264. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 70.

Twenty-three specimens: 20, Nicasio (topptypes); 3, Point Reyes,
California.

C1TELLUS.
Citellus v. douglasi.

Citellus v. douglasi. (Richards), Faun. Bor. Amer., 1829, i, p.
172. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 89, under Spermophilus.

Nine examples: 2, Petaluma; 3, Eureka, California; and 4 from
Goldbeach, Oregon.

Considerable variation is observable among these specimens, some
having the lower back very much darker than the others, and while
the black patch on the back is conspicuous on the majority, yet two
individuals ffom Goldbeach have little "or no black on the back and.
the lower back and rump are light yellowish brown mottled with white
as is seen in most species of beecheyi. As a rule, the hoary tail will
serve to distinguish douglasi from its relatives, but not always, for
sometimes, as is the case of one of these Goldbeach specimens, the
tail fs more brown than hoary, and its owner might be placed with
either race. At Goldbeach this spermophile is common according to
Mr. Heller on "rocky open hillsides, and is said to hibernate as soon
as the heavy rains commence in November." At Eureka it is "abun-
dant about Scotia in grain- fields and pastures, and said to be common
inland, not found close to Humboldt Bay."

184 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

SUBFAM. PTEROMYIN/E.
SCIUROPTERUS.

Sciurus alpinus oregonensis.

Sciurus alpinus oregonensis. Bach., Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phil.,
1839, VIII, p. 101.

One specimen: Goldbeach, Oregon.

FAM. HAPLODONTID^:.
HAPLODONTIA.

Haplodontia pacifica.

Haplodontia pacifica. Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1899, p. 19.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 114.

Twenty-three specimens: i, Agness, Curry Co., 5,000 feet alt.;
8, Gardiner; and 14 Florence, Oregon.

Of this species at Gardiner, Mr. Heller writes that it was "com-
mon everywhere on ridges and side hills. Bunches of freshly cut
ferns were seen about the entrances of the burrows. A few of the
fronds were carried into the burrows, but the greater part remained
in bunches at the entrance. The fronds were all cut near the root-
stock and were placed with their cut ends toward the burrow, usually
within a few inches of the opening. Burrows which were placed in
salal, were surrounded by freshly cut twigs of the shrub." At
Florence in addition to the ferns and salal gathered about the
burrows "Oregon grape" was also frequently present. I cannot sepa-
rate the example from Agness taken at a high elevation from the
present species.

Haplodontia phaea.

Haplodontia phaea. Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1899, p. 20.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 114.

Ten examples: 2, Nicasio; 2, Point Reyes (topotypes) ; 6, Eureka,
California.

A few colonies of this species occur at Nicasio (which is appar-
ently its eastern limit), at the head of two or three canons in moist
places on the hillside. At Point Reyes, the type locality, only a few
burrows were seen, but the species was said to be much more common
on the coast slope of the hills which in places, are stated to be covered
with them. At Eureka this animal was "abundant in forests, on damp
hillsides, and along streams. It is said to live only in places where
it can burrow down to water. They seldom dig their burrows in culti-

MAY, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 185

vated fields, and if any are present it is only where the brush is still
standing. The burrows are usually placed amid patches of ferns on
the rootstocks of which they subsist."

FAM.

PEROMYSCUS.

Peromyscus texensis gambeli.

Peromyscus texensis gambeli. (Baird), N. Am. Mamm., 1857,
p. 464. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 130.

Twelve specimens: 8, Nicasio; 4, Petaluma.

Peromyscus austerus.

Peromyscus austerus. (Baird), Acad. Nat. Scien., Phil., 1855, p.
336. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 132.

Fifty-nine examples: 16, Goldbeach; 2, Agness; 5, Grant's Pass;
3, Marshfield; 5, Scottsburg; 20, Gardiner; 6, Florence; 2, McCoy,
Oregon.

There is considerable variation in the measurements among the
specimens of this series, averaging considerably larger than those
given in my Synopsis, which must be regarded as belonging to an
undersized individual. The smallest are from Grant's Pass, the meas-
urements of which range in total length, 154-179; tail vertebrae, 60-89;
hind foot, 21-22.5; ear, 16-18.5 a^ adults; and the largest are from
Gardiner, 179-198; 86-101; 22-24; 18-20, with Goldbeach a close
second with 175-200; 85-100; 21.5-22.5; 18.5-20. The coloring also
varies somewhat, some being lighter than others, but it is a dark
colored species almost black in some specimens, making any light
shade conspicuous.

Peromyscus perimekurus.

Peromyscus perimekurus. Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 1903,
in. p. 156, Zoology.

Seven specimens: 5, Goldbeach; i, Florence; i, Agness.

This form is distinguished from P. austerus by a larger size and
very long tail, and lighter coloring.

Peromyscus oreas rubidus.

Peromyscus oreas rubidus. Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1901,
p. 193. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 134.

Forty -five specimens: 8, Mendocino (topotypes); 2, Point Reyes;
10, Eureka; 18, Requa; 7, Crescent City, California.

1 86 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

Peromyscus dyselius.

Peromyscus dyselius. Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., 1898, i,
p. 207, Zool. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 138.
Two examples from Grant's Pass, Oregon.

RHITHRODONTOMYS.
Rhithrodontomys longicaudus.

Rhithrodontomys longicaudus. Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, p.
451. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 151.

Eleven specimens: i, Nicasio; 8, Petaluma (topotypes); i, Mendo-
cino; i, Eureka, California.

Eureka, I believe, is the most northerly locality in which this
species has been obtained.

Rhithrodontomys klamathensis?

Rhithrodontomys klamathensis. Merr. , N. Am. Faun., No. 16,
1899, p. 93. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 152.

One specimen from Grant's Pass, Oregon.

General character: Smaller than R. klamathensis, tail and hind foot
shorter, rostrum long.

Color: General color grayish buff; back of head and back heavily
lined with black causing the dorsal region to be almost black; narrow
lateral line ochraceous; under parts white, plumbeous of under fur
showing through; feet and hands white; tail above dusky, beneath
white, ears pale brown.

Measurements: Total length, 130; tail vertebrae, 63; hind foot,
18; ear, 15; skull, occipito-nasal length, 21; Hensel, 15; zygomatic
width, ii ; interorbital constriction, 3; length of nasals, 8; palatal arch
to alveoli of incisors, 8; length of mandible, angle to alveoli of
incisors, 9.

The only species that this form can be compared with is R. klama-
thensis, from central northern California and Klamath County, Oregon,
from which it differs in its smaller size and much shorter tail, and in
its darker coloration on upper parts. The specimen is a young adult,
and this may possibly account for the smaller measurements. I refer
it provisionally to R. klamathensis Merr.

SUBFAM. NEOTOMIN.E.

NEOTOMA.
Neotoma fuscipes.

Neotoma fuscipes. Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, p. 495.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm. ,1901, p. 158.

MAY, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 187

Thirty-four specimens: 9, Nicasio; 7, Petaluma (topotypes); 4,
Point Reyes; 2, Mendocino; i, Requa, California; 9, Goldbeach;
2, Grant's Pass, Oregon.

TEONOMA.

Teonoma cinerea occidentalis.

Neotoma cinerea occidentalis: .Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.,
Phila., 1855, p. 335. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 164.

Two specimen's from Requa, California.

These two examples appear referable to this species, and Requa
is apparently the southern limit of Teonoma on the coast. Requa .is
out of the range of occidentalis as heretofore given, but I am unable to
place these specimens with any other species. They differ from T. f.
apicalis in having no white tip to their tails and are lighter in color
generally, but not at all like Teonoma cinerea.

Teonoma fusca.

Neotoma occidentalis fusca. True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Wash.,
1894, p. 354. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 165.

Nine examples from Florence, Oregon.

The differences displayed by this form from T. c. occidentalis would
seem to entitle it to a distinct specific rank. At Florence Mr. Heller
says this species was "common about old houses, logs, and hollow
trees in the forest, and in such places they build their nests of moss
and sticks. None secured here with white-tipped tails (N. f. apicalis}
as at Gardiner. "

Teonoma fusca apicalis.

Neotoma fusca apicalis. Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in,
19°3» P- J6o, Zoology.

Seven specimens from Gardiner, Oregon.

The great differences exhibited between the scaly and bushy-
tailed wood-rats both in their pelage, tail covering, and cranial char-
acters would seem to make it necessary to separate them as distinct
genera instead of leaving the bushy-tailed species in a subgeneric
division. The bushy, squirrel-like tail, and the elongated rostrum,
widely spreading zygomata at posterior roots, long, narrow sagittal
area, with broadest part behind, and great interorbital constriction
exhibited by the skulls of the members of TEONOMA would make them
easily recognizable from the scaly-tailed species of NEOTOMA, even if
there were no differences in the outside covering. I have therefore
here raised TEONOMA to full generic rank. Mr. Heller says this rat

1 88 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

is "found usually about deserted buildings. Apparently they do not
build nests, but live in the rock piles."

EVOTOMYS.
Evotomys obscurus.

Evotomys obscurus. Merr., Pfoc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1897, p. 72.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 176.

One specimen from Grant's Pass, Oregon.

This is the only representative of this genus in the collection and
must be rare on the coast.

MICROTUS.

A. MICROTUS.

Microtus canicaudus.

Microtus canicaudus. Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1897, p. 67.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 185.

Seven specimens: 6, McCoy (topotypes); i, Beaverton, Oregon.

Microtus californicus.

Microtus. californicus. (Peale), Mamm. U. S. Expl. Exped., 1848,
p. 46. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 186.

Forty-two examples: 21, Nicasio (topotypes); 5, Point Reyes;
n, Petaluma, California; 5, Grant's Pass, Oregon.

This species in Nicasio, the type locality, is now confined to
fenced fields, and roadsides. In other places the cattle, says Mr.
Heller, "have stamped out their burrows and driven them away from
all the pastures and hillsides." The northern limit of this vole is the
Klamath River on the coast.

Microtus c. constrictus.

Microtus c. constrictus. Bailey, N. Am. Faun., 1900, No. 17, p.
36. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 186.

Twenty-five examples: 9, Mendocino; 16, Eureka, California.

The type of this species came from the coast of California near
Cape Mendocino, at Capetown (Bailey 1. c.). None of the specimens
in this collection came from exactly this locality, but not far away on
both the north and south as given above. I have referred them to the
present species, but they are so close to M. angusticeps, that it is
almost impossible to distinguish them from each other, and I have
no topotypes of the present species to assist me. Eureka and
Crescent City, the latter the type locality of M. angusticeps, are not
a great distance apart, and Eureka is close to Cape Mendocino, the
type locality of M. constrictus. These two forms exemplify the great

MAY, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 189

difficulty any one experiences when endeavoring to distinguish the
closely allied races of this perplexing genus.

Microtus townsendi.

Microtus townsendi. (Bachm.), Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phila.,
1839, p. 60. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 190.

Twenty-nine specimens: 20, Eureka, California; 8, Marshfield;
i, McCoy, Oregon.

Mr. Heller says this species was "common about tide-water, with
habits very similar to those of the muskrat. They tunnel into the
dykes and river banks, building runways and holes which have an
entrance beneath the water like Fiber. Besides these tunnels about
banks, they construct runways through the grass in meadows like
other species of Microtus. Several were observed diving from their
slides along the banks of streams. Some were caught in traps set
beneath the water for Fiber. Grass is the only material I have seen
this species collect and carry into their nests."

Microtus angusticeps.

Microtus angusticeps. Bailey. Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1898, p.
86. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 192.

Forty specimens: 10, Requa; 10, Crescent City (topotypes),
California; 20, Goldbeach, Oregon.

This vole Mr. Heller says was abundant everywhere near Crescent
City from swamps to grain-fields, replacing M. californicus^ which
extends no farther north on the coast than the Klamath River.

B. CHILOTUS.
Microtus oregoni.

Microtus oregoni. (Bachm.), Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phila.,
1839, p. 60.. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 200.

Twenty-one examples: 10, Eureka; 2, Requa, California; 4,
Goldbeach; 5, Beaverton, Oregon.

Two color phases are exhibited in this series, a dark phase (one
specimen from Goldbeach being almost black) and the usual red-
dish hue.

FIBER.
Fiber occipitalis.

Fiber occipitalis. Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in, 1903,
p. 162, Zoology.

Four specimens from Florence, Oregon.

190 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

Fiber spatulatus.

Fiber spatulatus. Osgood, N. Am. Faun., No. 19, p. 36. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 214.

One specimen from Beaverton, Oregon.

I place this example as F. spatulatus with a doubt. It differs
from F. occipitalis in being smaller in all its measurements, and of a
different color, not so rufous, and in having broader shorter nasals,
these measuring, in total length, 19.5; anterior breadth, n; posterior
breadth, 3; the type of F. occipitalis having the nasals 22, 10, 4, respect-
ively. Unfortunately the entire posterior half of the skull belonging
to the specimen is wanting, and so no comparison can be made to
ascertain if it possesses the peculiar arch in the occipital outline.

FAM. GEOMYIDyE.
THOMOMYS.

A. MEGASCAPHEUS.
Thomomys bulbivorus.

Thomomys bulbivorus. (Richards), Faun. Bor. Amer. , 1829, i,
p. 206, pi. 18 B. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 222.

Twelve specimens: 7, Beaverton; 5, McCoy, Oregon.

The examples from Beaverton are darker generally than those
from McCoy, probably on account of age; the slaty plumbeous pre-
dominating. Mr. G. S. Miller has called attention, in his paper on
this species (Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1893, p. 113), to the conspicuous
differences the T. bulbivorus exhibits in its skull from other species,
notably T. bottce with which he compared it. The central surface of
the exoccipital next the condyle is occupied by a deep groove running
obliquely to the axis of the skull, while in botta this is flat; the audital
bullae are flatter and less inflated. The pterygoids are very broad
laterally, strongly concave internally, with the hamuli converging at
the tips. The shape of the pterygoids with their converging hamuli
seems to be an important character, sufficiently so with the others
named and the great size of the species to separate it subgenerically
from all others of the genus THOMOMYS. Its great size alone would
serve to distinguish jt at any time. I would therefore propose for this
species *MEGASCAPHEUS as a subgeneric term, distinguished by the
characters already mentioned.

Mr. Heller found this species fairly common in the vicinity of
Beaverton, but they dwelt, as he writes, in such a low, wet'country

* pfyas, great, and ax.a<psi>s, a digger.

MAY, 1903. A 'LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 191

that it was difficult to trap them during the rainy season. They
were especially common in the onion beds of vegetable gardens.

B. THOMOMYS.
Thomomys leucodon.

Thomomys leucodon. Merr. , Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 1897,
p. 215. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 223.

Six specimens (topotypes), Grant's Pass, Rogue River Valley,
Oregon.

Thomomys bottae.

Thomomys bottae. (Edy. and Gerv.), Mag. Zool., 1836, p. 23,
pi. xxi., fig. 4 (teeth). Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 223.

Twelve examples: i, Nacasio; 6, Petaluma; i, Mendocino; 4,
Requa, California.

Thomomys laticeps.

. Thomomys laticeps. Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phila. , 1855,
p. 335. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 224.

Thirty-one specimens: 16, Eureka (Table Bluff, Humboldt Bay,
topotypes); 6, Requa; 9, Crescent City, California.

Mr. Heller states that this species was abundant on the hillsides
about the Bay, but not found about Scotia, or in the redwood timber.
Many of the specimens from Humboldt Bay and occasionally one from
Crescent City have the lower incisors pure white as in T. leucodon
which lessens the specific value of that character considerably.

Thomomys helleri.

Thomomys helleri. Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in, 1903,
p. 165, Zoology.

Eleven specimens from Goldbeach, Oregon.

FAM. ZAPODID^.

ZAPUS.
Zapus trinotatus.

Zapus trinotatus. Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phil., 1894,
p. 421. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 261.

Twenty-five specimens: 6, Crescent City; 4, Requa; n, Eureka,
California; 4, Goldbeach, Oregon.

In this series great differences are observable in size and colora-
tion among the specimens, caused by age and change of pelage from
the summer to autumn when the dull-hued flanks are assumed. This

192 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XL

change evidently takes place irregularly among individuals, for certain
ones taken at the same place on the same day exhibit in the one the
ochraceous buff sides, in the other the dull yellow sides. Any one
not conversant with this change of pelage might be misled into think-
ing there were two species.

FAM. LEPORIDyE.
LEPUS.

A. SlLVILAGUS.

Lepus floridanus ubericolor.

Lepus floridanus ubericolor. Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.,
Phil., 1899, p. 383. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 282.

Twenty specimens: 2, Requa, California; 5, Goldbeach; 8,
Florence; 5, Beaverton (topotypes), Oregon.

B. MICROLAGUS.
Lepus bachmani.

Lepus bachmani. Waterh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1838, p. 103. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 281.

Ten examples: 3, Nicasio; 2, Petaluma; i, Point Reyes; i, Men-
docino; 3, Eureka, California.

This species does not seern to go farther north, at least on the
coast, than Eureka, as the specimens from Requa cannot be separated
from L. f. ubericolor, and somewhere between these places would seem
to be the respective northern and southern littoral boundaries of the
two forms. How far in the interior either of the two extends its
limits beyond these points, or if it does so at all, I am not at present
able to state.

ORDER CARNIVORA.

FAM. FELID.E.
FELIS.

A. LYNCHUS.
Felis rufa oculea.

Felis rufa oculea. (Bangs), Proc. N. E. Zool. Club, 1899, p. 23.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 297.

One specimen from Nicasio (topotype), California.

MAY, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS-I— ELLIOT. 193

FAM. CANID.E.
UROCYON.

Urocyon cinereo-argenteus californicus.

Urocyon cinereo-argenteus californicus. Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., Wash., 1897, p. 459. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 308.
Two specimens: i, Mendocino; i, Nicasio, California.

FAM. PROCYONIDyE.

PROCYON.
Procyon lotor hernandezi.

Procyon lotor hernandezi. Wagl., Isis, 1831, p. 514. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 317.

One specimen : Goldbeach Oregon.

FAM. MUSTELID.E.

SUBFAM. MELIN.E.

MEPHITIS.
Mephitis occidentalis.

Mephitis occidentalis. Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, p. 195.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 324.

Seven examples: i, Point Reyes; 5, Requa, California; i, Marsh-
field, Oregon.

The specimens from Requa have the white stripes on the back
very much narrower than is exhibited by those from other localities,
the examples from Point Reyes and Marshfield being exactly alike in
this respect. The skulls of the Requa specimens are also much larger
in every way.

SPILOGALE.
Spilogale phenax.

Spilogale phenax. Merr. , N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890, p. 13.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 331.
Six specimens from Petaluma, California.

Spilogale p. latifrons.

Spilogale p. latifrons. Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890, p. 15.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 331.

Fifteen specimens: 3, Goldbeach; 4, Marshfield; 5, Gardiner;
3, Beaverton, Oregon.

194 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

These examples are of large size with buff stripes and spots. The
last molar is smaller than that of S. phenax,

PUTORIUS.

A. LUTREOLA.

Putorius vison energumenus.

Putorius vison energumenus. Bangs, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
1896, p. 5, pi. n, fig. 3. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 340.

Two specimens: Goldbeach, Oregon.

B. ARCTOGALE.
Putorius streatori.

Putorius streatori. Merr. , N. Am. Faun., No. n, 1896, p. 13.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 345.

Four specimens: 2, Goldbeach; i, Gardiner; i, Beaverton, Oregon.

Putorius xanthogenys mundus.

Putorius xanthogenys mundus. Bangs, Proc. N. E. Zool. Club,
1899, p. 56. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 350.

Two specimens: i, Nicasio; i, Point Reyes (topotype), California.

Putorius xanthogenys oregonensis.

Putorius xanthogenys oregonensis. Merr., N. Am. Faun., No.
n, 1896, p. 25. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 350.
Three examples from Goldbeach, Oregon.

ORDER INSECTIVORA.

FAM. SORICID^E.
SOREX.

Sorex vagrans.

Sorex vagrans. Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, p. 15, pi. xxvi,
fig- *675. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 370.

Twenty-seven specimens: i, Mendocino; 5, Eureka; i, Requa;

1, Crescent City, California; 7, Grant's Pass; 2, Gardiner; 8, McCoy;

2, Beaverton, Oregon.

These examples were taken in the months of August, September,
and January, and exhibit the different pelages assumed in summer and
winter, those taken in August having the russet coat, those in Sep-
tember having both the russet and the blackish brown coat of winter,
even in the same locality, and the January ones, of course, the very
dark pelage. In the winter and summer coats individuals present a
very different appearance.

MAY, 1903.

A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT.

195

Sorex montereyensis.

Sorex montereyensis. Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 79.
Thirty-one specimens: 16, Nicasio; 5, Point Reyes; 3, Petaluma;
2, Mendocino; 4, Eureka; i, Requa, California.

Sorex trowbridgii.

Sorex trowbridgii. Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, p. 13. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 373.

Eighteen examples: 5, Goldbeach; 13, Marshfield, Oregon.

These specimens are not typical and exhibit a tendency toward
S. montereyensis, but I refer them provisionally to S. trowbridgii.

Sorex pacificus.

Sorex pacificus. Baird, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. ,
1877, in, p. 650. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901,^3. 375.

Forty-four specimens: 3, Mendocino; 16, Requa; 13, Eureka;
i, Crescent City, California; 5, Goldbeach; 2, Marshfield; 2, Gardi-
ner, Oregon. * *.

The specimens of this series are very uniform in coloration, a
slight depth in hue being noticeable in the winter pelage.

ATOPHYRAX.

Atophyrax bendirii.

Atophyrax bendirii. Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 95.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 381.

Sorex bendirii palmer i. Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 97,
pi. xii, figs. 1-3. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 381.

Five specimens: i, Mendocino; i, Requa, California; 2, Gold-
beach; i, Marshfield, Oregon.

I refer these examples to this species, a.lthough their measure-
ments are much greater than those given by Dr. Merriam (1. c.) for
his type and other specimens, indeed some even exceeding those given
for A. b. palmeri. The following are Dr. Merriam's measurements for
his species and subspecies, and also those for my examples. Dr.
Merriam's are the first three:

Total
length.

Tail
vertebrae.

Hind
foot.

Locality.

A, bendirii.
A. bendirii.
A . b. palmer
A. bendirii

Tvpe

ISO.

I50-3
165.
I5Q.
I76.
1 60.
172.
164.

68.
69.7
73-

•IS
£

68.

20.
19.7
20.
20.
21.5
21.5
22.
21.

Klamath Basin, Ore.
Mendocino Co., Calif.
Astoria, Ore.
Mendocino, Calif.
Requa, Calif.
Goldbeach, Ore.
Goldbeach, Ore'.
Marshfield, Ore.

Average of 3 spec.-
i. TV DC. -

.-/. bendirii .

A. bendirii .

A. bendirii ~

A. bendirii .

196 FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XI.

From these measurements it would naturally be inferred that
A. bendirii varies considerably in its dimensions like all other species
of mammals, for even a California example is much larger than the
type of A. b. palmeri, separated on account of its size, which character
can hardly be considered to be sufficient to distinguish the two forms,
and in the absence of any other will necessitate the reduction of
A. b. palmeri to a synonym of A. bendirii.

FAM.
SUBFAM. MYOGALIN^E.
NEUROTRICHUS.

Neiirotrichus gibbsi major.

Neiirotrichus gibbsi major. Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 16, 1899,
p. 88. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 387.

Seven specimens: 6, Eureka, California; i, Goldbeach, Oregon.

I refer these specimens to this species as they all possess a dis-
tinct anterior cusp on the cingulum of the large premolar, this being
absent in examples of N. gibbsi. The extreme dimensions of the
specimens are, total length, 113-125; tail vertebrae, 38-42; hind foot,

i5-5-l6-5-

Of this species Mr. Heller writes that its "habits are said to be
similar to those of Sorex, that is, no runways are made as is the case
with Scapanus, but they appear to live like shrews under logs, etc.
Food not known, but perhaps different from Sorex, as they will not
take bait, such as bacon, in the traps."

SCAPANUS.
Scapanus townsendi.

Scapanus townsendi. (Bachman), Jour. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phil.,
1839, viii, pi. i, p. 58. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 391.

Four specimens: 3, Crescent City, California; i, Goldbeach,
Oregon.

These four examples are very large, much larger than the type,
and measure in the extremes as follows: Total length, 208-231; tail
vertebras, 42-46; hind foot, 26-28.

At Eureka Mr. Heller states this species was "fairly common
throughout the redwood forests, and in moist bottom land. Several
skins preserved by the farmers were examined, all of this species: one
skin had large white anal and pectoral patches." At Crescent City this
mole was "abundant in black bottom soil; rarely found in red soil."

MAY, 1903. A LIST OF MAMMALS — ELLIOT. 197

Scapanus orarius.

Scapanus orarius. True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. , 1897, p. 52.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm. , 1901, p. 392.

Three specimens: i, Mendocino; 2, Crescent City, California.

The type of this species came from Shoalwater Bay, Washington,
and the range is given by Dr. True as the "sea coast of Washington
and Oregon from the Coquille River northward and along the shores
of Puget Sound to Simiahmoo and to Chiloweyuck Depot and Sumas,
British Columbia, and Fort Walla Walla, Washington." Now all these
localities are far to the north of those from which the specimens
obtained by Mr. Heller came, and Crescent City, California, has pro-
duced both species, yet i am unable to refer the three examples to any
other than Dr. True's species. Their extreme measurements are:
Total length, 168-174; tail vertebrae, 35-39; hind foot, 20.5-21; larger,
it will be observed, than the dimensions given by Dr. True of his type,
but in the same proportion to the specimens of S. townsendi from
Crescent City, as those exceed the type of that species. It would
seem that both forms are larger in the southern part of their range. I
am not aware that 5. orarius has been recorded before so far to the
south.

Scapanus californicus.

Scapanus californicus. (Ayres), Proc. Calif. Acad. Scien., 1855,
i, p. 54. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 392.

Two specimens from Mendocino, California.

These examples are very large, far exceeding in their dimensions
the recorded measurements. These are as follows: Total length, 188
and 200; tail vertebrae, 37 and 42; hind foot, 24 and 25.

ORDER CHIROPTERA.

SUBFAM. PLECOTIN^E.

CORYNORH1NUS.
Corynorhinus townsendi.

Corynorhinus townsendi. (Cooper), Ann. Lye. Nat. 'Hist., N. Y.,
*v> P- 73- Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 400.
Six specimens from Goldbeach, Oregon.

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