Natural History Museum Library

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LIST

OF THE SPECIMENS OF

BRITISH ANIMALS

THE COLLECTION

OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

PART I.

CENTRONIX OR RADIATED ANIMALS.

LONDON :

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1848.

INTRODUCTION.

The principal object of the present Catalogue has been to give a com-
plete List of the British Specimens of Radiated Animals {Centronics)
contained in the Collection of the British Museum, indicating at the
same time the peculiarities of each as regards age, habitation, con-
dition, and the source from whence it has been received.

With this view, the different individuals of each species contained
in the Collection are indicated by the letters a, b, e, &c., following the
name of the species and its synonyma, and followed by the habitat ,
state, and the source from whence the specimens are derived.

Those specimens which have been presented to the Museum have
the name of the donor ; and in general the Collection from whence the
specimen has been purchased or procured in exchange is also marked,
as it often gives some authenticity to its history. In the adoption of
the generic and specific names, it has been thought right to use, where-
ever it was possible, that which was first applied to the species. As far
as regards the specific name, there is comparatively little difficulty in
the application of this simple rule ; but generic names have been used by
different authors in manners so widely different, and the groups which
they were meant to designate have been so variously extended and re-
stricted, that it was no easy matter to determine, where several names
have been used, which of them ought to be preferred. Great attention
has been paid to consult the original authority, to know the type, and
select the name which appeared to be the most ancient, and reference
is made to the work in which, and the date when, each genus and its
synonyma were respectively published.

IV

INTRODUCTION.

Under each species there have been appended all the names under
which the animal or coral has been mentioned since the establishment
of the Linntean system of nomenclature, and references are given to the
works in which these were first used, and especially to the different
works treating on British animals in which they are mentioned, and also
a reference to the best figures.

The chief part of these references have been extracted from the ad-
mirable and classical works of Dr. G. Johnston and Mr. E. Forbes ;
additional references having been made to some foreign works which
have escaped their researches, or to others which have appeared since
their publication.

The British Museum is fortunate in having received the chief por-
tion of the specimens from the several authors who originally described
the species, so that there can be no doubt of the specimens being the
real representatives of the names they bear ; for besides possessing the
original specimens collected and described by Colonel George Mon-
tague and Dr. W. E. Leach ; Dr. G. Johnston of Berwick has most
kindly presented to the Museum the whole of his Collection, which he
used in the preparation of his classical work on this subject ; and Mr.
Edward Forbes has also most kindly presented many of the specimens
described in his work on the British Echinodermata, and Mr. Mac-
Andrew has added to these the specimens more recently obtained in
his dredging expeditions.

As the attention to the laws of priority, now so universally adhered
to, has caused the alteration of several names used by Dr. Johnston
and Mr. E. Forbes, a Concordance showing the changes has been added
at the end of the List.

June 12th, 1848.

JOHN EDWARD GRAY.

LIST OF SPECIES.

Page

IV. CENTRONIX 1

1. ECHINODERMATA... 1
Class I. DITREMATA... 1
Order I. ECHINIDA ... 2

Fam. 1. Cidaridje 2

1 . Cidaris 2

1. papillata 2

Fam. 2. Echinhee 2

1. Echinus 3

1 . Flemingii 3

2. esculentus 3

3. miliaris 3

4. li vidus 4

5. n. s 150

2. E chin ometra 4

1. Drobachensis 4

Fam. 3. Scutellidje... 4

1. Echinarachnius 4

1. placenta 5

2. Echinocyamus 5.

1. pusillus 5

Fam. 4. Spatanghee... 5

1. Spatangus 5

1. purpureus 6

2. Echinocardium 6

1. cordatus 6, 150

2. ovatum 6

3. Brissiopsis 7

1. lyrifera 7, 150

Page

Order II. HOLOTHURIDA. 7

Fam. 1. Holothurid^e... 7

1. Thyone 7

1. fusus 7

2. Raphanus 8, 150

2. Holothuria 8

1. nigra...... 8

Fam. 2 Cuvieriad^e... 8

1. Psolus 8

1. phantopus 9, 150

2. Psolinus 9

1. brevis 9, 150

Fam. 3. Pentactid^e... 9

1. Pentacta 9

1. frondosa 9

2. fusiformis 10

3. Hyndmanni 10

4. lactea 10

5. pentactes 10

6. Montagui 11

7. Neillii 11

8. dissimilis 11

2. Thyronidium 11

1. pellucidum 11

2. Drummondi 11

Fam. 4. Synaptid^e... 12

1. Synapta 12

1. inherens 12

2. Henslowana... 12

VI

LIST OF SPECIES.

Fam. 5. Sipunculid^e..

1. Sipunculus

1. nudus

2. papillosus

3. macrorhynchopterus .

4. Harveii

5. Strombi

6. Johnstoni

7. saccatus

8. tenuicinctus

9. Forbesii

10. granulosus

2. Phascolosoma

1. Pallasii

3. Priapulus

1. caudatus

4. Thalassema

1. rupium

5. Echiurus

1. oxyurus

Class II. HYPOSTOMA.
Order I. ASTEROIDA...

Fam. 1. Asteriad^e ...

1. Asterias

1. rubens

2. violaceus

3. glacialis

4. hispida

Fam. 2. Astropectinid^e.

1. Astropecten

1. irregularis

2. Luidia

1. Savignii

3. Solaster

1. Endeca

2. papposa

4. Henricia

1. oculatus

2. rosea

Page

Fam. 3. Pentacerotid^e. 21

1. Hippasteria 21

1. equestris 21

2. abbensis 21

Fam. 4. Asterinid^e... 21

1. Palmipes 21

I. membranaceus 22

2. Porania 22

1. pulvillus 22

3. Asterina 22

1. gibbosa 23

Order II. OPHJXJRIDA. 23
Fam. 1. Ophiurid,e... 23

1. Ophiolepis 23

1. ciliata 23

2. albida 24

3. elegans 24

4. punctata 24

5. filiformis 24

2. Ophiopholis 25

1. aculeata 25

2. bracbiata 25

3. Ballii 25

4. Goodsiri 25

3. Ophiocoma 25

1. nigra 26

4. Ophiothrix 26

1. fragilis 26

2. minuta 27

Fam. 2. ASTROPHYTONTDiE. 27

5. Astrophyton 27

1. arborescens 27

Order III. CRINOIDEA. 27
Fam. Pentacrinid^e... 28

1, Antedon 28

1. decameros 28

2. Gynameda 28

1. pulchella 29

Page

. 13

. 13

. 13

. 13

. 13

. 13

. 13

. 14

. 14

. 14

. 14

. 14

. 14

. 14

. 14

. 14

. 15

. 15

. 15

. 15

15

16

16

16

16

17

17

17

18

18

38

18

18

19

19

39

20

20

20

LIST OF SPECIES. vil

Page

Page

Section II. LEIODERMA.

29

3.

Oceana. 4. turrita

.155

5. episcopalis

.155

Class III. ACALEPHA.

29

6. sphserica

.155

I. PULMOGRADA...

29

4.

Fam. 3. iEauoREAD^E.
iEquorea

. 34

Ord. I. PHANEROCARPiE.

29

1. octocostata

. 34

2. stauroglypha

. 34

Fam. 1. Rhizostomllee...

29

3. allantophora

. 34

1.

Rhizostoma

29

Fam. 4. Circead^:.

1. undulata

29

5.

Circe

. 34

2.

Cassiopea

30

1. rosea

. 34

1. lunulata

30

Fam. 5. Geryonead^e.

Fam. 2. Medusid^e ...

30

6.

Thaumantias

. 34

1.

1. hemisphserica

. 34

Pelagia

30

2. cymbaloidea

. 35

1. cyanella

30

3. pileata

. 35

2. ?

30

4. Thompsonii

. 35

2.

Chrysaora

30

5. punctata

. 35

1. hysoscella

31

6. sarnica

3.

Cyanea

31

7. quadrat a

8. aeronautica

.155

.155

1. capiliata

2. Lamarckii

31

31

9. maculata

10. pilosella

.155

.155

4.

Medusa

31

11. ineonspicua

.155

1. aurita

31

12. octona

.155

2. cruciata

32

13. globosa

.155

? 3. purpurata

32

14. melanops

.155

? 4. Surirea ;

32

15. lucida

.155

? 5. campanula

32

16. lineata

.155

17. gibbosa

.155

Order II. CRYPTOCARP^.

32

18. convexa

.155

Fam. 1. W iLLSiADiE . . .

32

7.

Slabberia

32

1. halterata

. 35

1.

Willsia

8.

1. stellata

QO

Geryonia

. 35

1. appendiculata

Fam. 2. Oceanhle ...

32

2. minima

1.

Tunis

32

9.

Tima

1. digitale

33

1. Bairdii

. 36

2. coccinea

33

Fam. 6. Sarsiad^e.

2.

Saphenia

33

10. Bougainvillia

. 36

1. dinema

33

1. Britannica

. 36

3.

Oceania

33

2. nigritella

1. octona

33

11. Lizzia

. 36

2. phosphorica

33

1. octopunctata

. 36

3. diadema

33

2. blondina

.156

Vlll

LIST OF SPECIES,

Page

12. Moodeeria 36

1. formosa 36, 156

13. Sarsia 36

1. tubulosa 156

2. ornata 156

3. gemmifera .156

4. prolifera 156

14. Steenstrupia 37

1. rubra 156

2. flaveola 156

15. Eulimena 37

1. quadrangularis 37

16. Euphysa 156

1. aurata 156

17. Polyxenia 155

1. cyanostylis 155

II. ANOMALA 37

Order III. CILIOGRADA. 37

Fam. 1. Beroid^e ... 37

1. Beroe 37

1. cucumis 37

2. ? 37

3. borealis 38

4. pellucida 156

Fam. 2. Callianirid^e. 38

1. Cydippe 38

1. pileus 38

2. infundibulum 38

3. pomiformis 39

4. lagena 156

2. Bolina 39

1. bibernica 39

2. Smithii 156

Order IV. PHYSOGRAD^E. 39

Fam. 1. Diphyid^e ... 39

1. Diphyes 39

1. campanulifera ? 39

Fam. 2. Physophorid^e. 39

1. Arethusa 39

1. pelagica 40

Page

2. Apolemia? 156

1. gettiana ...156

Ord. V. CHONDROGRADtE. 40

Fam. 1. Velellid^e... 40

1. Aglaura 40

1. pocillum 40

2. Phyllodoce 40

1. vulgaris 40

2. emarginata 156

Class IV. ZOOPHYTA. 41
Order I. ZOANTHARIA. 41
I. GYNOSOMATA ... 41

Fam. 1. Actiniad^e ... 41

1. Capnea 41

1. sanguinea 41

2. Corynactis 42

1. viridis k 42

2. Allmani 42

3. Actinia 42

1. mesembryanthemum 42

2. margaritifera 43

3. Chiococca 43

4. cbrysosplenium 43

5. coccinea 43

6. viduata 43

7. Troglodytes 43

8. alba ... 44

9. anguicoma 44

10. intestinalis 44

11. chrysanthellum 44

12. biserialis 44

13. vermicularis 44

14. cylindrica 44

4. Cereus 44

1. sulcata 44

2. edulis 45

5. Cribrina 45

1. gemmacea 45

2. monile 46

LIST OF SPECIES.

IX

5. Cribrina. 3. coriacea. 46

4. crassicornis 46

5. parasitica 46

6. bellis 47

7. Dianthus 47

1 . ? truncata 48

2. ? sulcata 48

3. ? caryophyllus 48

4. ? anemonoides 48

6. Adamsia 48

1. palliata 48

7. Iluanthos 49

1. scoticus 49

Fam. 2. Lucernariadjs. 49

1. Lucernaria 49

1. fascicularis 49

2. auricula 49

3. campanulata 50

4. cyathiformis 50

Subord. II. CHONDROPHORA.
Fam. 1. ZoANTHiDiE... 50

1. Zoantbus 50

1. Couchii 50

Subord. III. CORALLIOPHO RA.
Fam. 1. Pocilloporid-e. 50

1. Pocillopora 51

1.? interstineta 51

Fam. 2. Ocellinhle... 51

1. Turbinolia 51

1. Millesiana 51, 150

2. Oculina 51

]. prolifera 51

3. Caryopbyllia 52

1. Smithii 52, 150

2. ? borealis 52

3. ? ramea 52

4. ? musicalis 52

4. Madrepora 53

1. ? truncata 53

2. ? lichenoides 53

Order II. ZOOPHYTARIA. 53
Suborder I. RADICATA. 53

Fam. 1. Alcyonid.e... 53

1. Alcyonium 53

1. digitatum 54

2. glomeratum 54

2. Sarcodictyon 55

1. catenata 55

Fam. 2. Gorgoniad^s... 55

1. Gorgonia 55

1. verrucosa 55

2. pinnata 56

2. Muricea 56

1. Placomus 56

3. Pterogorgia 56

1. anceps 56

4. Primnoa 57

1. lepadifera 57

5. ? Isis 57

1. ? hippuris 57

2. ? extrochus 57

Suborder II. LIBERA ... 57

Fam. 1. PENNATULIDiE... 57

1. Pennatula 57

1. phosphorea 58

2. Virgularia 58

1. mirabilis 58

3. Pavonaria 58

1. quadrangularis... 59, 150
Order III. POLYPIARIA.. 59
Suborder I. TUBULARINA. 59
Fam. 1. Corynid^e ... 59

1. Clava 60

1. multicornis 60

X

LIST OF SPECIES.

Page

2. Hydractinia 60

1. echinata 61

2. ? Alderi 61

3. ? minuticornis 61

3. Coryne 61

1. pusilla 61

4. Cordylophora 62

1. lacustris 62, 150

Fam. 2. Tubulariadje. 63

1. Eudendrium 63

1. ramosum 63

2. Tubularia 63

1. indivisa 64

2. Dumortierii 64

3. Larynx 64

4. gracilis 65

5. polyceps 65

3. Corymorplia 65

1. nutans , 65

2. ? 66

Suborder IL SERTULARINA.
Fam. 3. Sertulariad^:. 66

1. Halecium 66

1. Halecium 66

2. rameum 67

3. Beanii 67

4. muricatum 67

2. Sertularella 68

1. polyzonias 68

2. rugosa 69

3. Sertularia 69

1. rosacea 69

2. pumila 70

2*. gracilis 150

3. Evansii 71

4. Pinaster 71

5. Margaret a 71

6. fallax 71

7. Tamarisca 72

8. abietina 72

9. filicula 72

10. operculata 73

11. argentea 73

12. cupressina 74

Page

4. Nigellastrum 74

1. nigrum' 75

2. pinnatum 75

3. fuscum 75

5. Thuiaria 75

1. Thuja 76

2. articulata 76

6. Nemertesia 76

1. antennina 77

2. ramosa 77

7. Aglaophenia 78

1. falcata 78

2. pluma 79

3. pennatula 79

4. pinnata 80

5. setacea 80

6. echinulata 81

7. Catharina 81

8. fascis 81

9. myriophyllum 81

10. frutescens 82

8. Epistomia 82, 151

1. Bursaria 82, 151

Fam. 4. Campanulariad^:. 83

1. Laomedea 83

1. dichotoma 83

2. geniculata 84

3. gelatinosa 85

4. Flemingii 85

5. obliqua 85

2. Capsularia 85

1. volubilis 86

2. integra 86

3. Syringa 86, 151

4. lacerata 87

5. lsevis 87

6. verticillata 87

6*. serpens 151

7. dumosa 88

3. Conchella 88, 144

1. intertexta 88

4. Coppinia 144

1. mirabilis 144

LIST OF SPECIES.

XI

Page

? Cymodoce 88

1. simplex 88

2. comata 89

? Order IV. HYDRINA. 89
Fam. 1. Hydraidje. 89

1. Hydra 89

1. viridis 89

2. vulgaris 90

3. attenuata 90

4. Oligactis 90

Class Y. POLYZOA. 91, 144
Order I. CARNOSA. 91, 144
Fam. 1. Alcyonidiad^e. 91, 144

1. Alcyonidium 91

1. gelatinosum 91

2. hirsutum 92

3. parasiticum 92

(2. Pulmonellum 93, 151

1. Ficus 93, 151)

3. Cycloum 93

1. papillosum 93

4. Sarcochitum 93

1. polyoum 93

Fam. Pedicellinid^e. 93, 145

1. Pedicellina 94

1. echinatum 94

Order II. CORNEA ... 94, 145
Fam. Yesiculariad^e. 94, 145

1. Amathia 94

1. lendigera 95

2. Yesicularia 95

1. spinosa 95

3. Beania 96

1. mirabilis 96

4. Yalkeria 96

1. Cuscuta 96

2. Uva 97

3. pustulosa 98

Page

5. Bowerbankia 98

1. imbricata 98

6. Farrella 99

1. repens 99

Fam. 2. Cristatellid^e. 99, 145

1. Cristatella 99

1. Mucedo 99

2. Alcyonella 100

1. campanulata 100

3. Plumatella 101

1. repens 101

2. emarginata 101

4. Na'isa 102

1. sultana 102

2. dilatata 102

Fam.3. Paludicellaid^e102,145

1. Paludicella 102

1. articulata 102

Fam. 4. Flustradje. 103, 145

1. Flustra 103, 145

1. foliacea 103

2. membranacea 104

2. Chartella 104, 145

1. papyracea 104

2. securifrons 104

3. Carbasea 105, 146

1. papyracea 105

4. Avicularia 105, 146

1. flabellata 106

5. Flabellaria 106, 146

1. spiralis 106

2. setacea 106

6. Annulipora 107, 146

1. pilosa 107

2. dentata 107

7. Flustrella 108, 146

1. hispida 108

8. Conopeum 108, 146

1. reticulum 108

Xll

LIST OF SPECIES.

Page

9. Callopora 109, 146

1. lineata 109

10. Amphiblestrum .... 110, 146

1. membranaceum 110

Fam. 5. Btjgulid^e ... 110

1. Crisularia Ill, 147

1. plumosa Ill

2. Scupocellaria Ill

1. scruposa Ill

2. reptans 112

3. Bicellaria 112

1. ciliata 112

3*. Epistomia 82

1. Bursaria 82

4. Canda 113

1. aracbnoidea 113

5. Tricellaria 113

1. ternata 113

6. Bugula 114

1. Neritina 114

7. Bugulina ]14

1. avicularia 114

Fam. 6. Microporid^e. 115, 147

1. Micropora 115, 147

1. coriacea 115

Order III. CALCAREA. 147
I. CELLEPORINA. 115, 147
Fam. 7. Celleporhle. 115, 147

1. Hippotboa 115, 147

1. catenularia 116

2. divaricata 116

3. sica 116

4. cassiterides 116

2. Cribrilina 116, 147

1. punctata 117

3. Lepralia 117, 148

1. Jacotini 117

2. assimibs 117

Page

3. Lepralia. 3. simplex 118

4. ventricosa 118

5. ovalis 118

6. quadridentata 118

7. granifera 118

8. Landsborovii 119

9. auriculata 119

10. pertusa 119

11. figularis 119

12. Peachii 119

13. Pedilostoma 120

14. reticulata 120

15. fenestralis 120

16. nitida 120

17. innominata 121

18. semilunaris 121

19. ciliata 121

20. spinifera 122

21. trispinosa 122

22. annulata 122

4. Herentia 122, 148

1. Hyndmanni 122

2. insignis 123

3. linearis 123

4. biforis 123

5. Escharina 123, 148

1. Ballii 124

2. ansata 124

3. unicornis 124

4. coccinea 124

6. Escbarella 125, 148

1. immersa 125

2. violacea 125

3. variolosa 125

7. Discopora 126, 148

1. verrucosa 126

2. bispinosa 126

8. Eschara 126, 148

1. foliacea 126

2. fascialis 127

9. Porella 127, 148

1. cervicornis 127

10. Celleporina 128, 148

1. Hassallii 128

LIST OF SPECIES.

Xlll

Page

Page

11. Celleporella

128, 148

2.

Falcaria

136

1. hyalina

128

1. cornuta

137

12. Cellepora

129

2. setacea

137

1. pumicosa

129

2. ramulosa

129

Fam. 10. TuBULiPORimE.

137

3. Skenei

130

4. kevis

130

1.

Tubulipora

137

5. vitrina

130

1. verrucaria ....

137

13. Retepora

1. reticulata

130

130

2. hispida

3. penicillata ....

4. hyalina

138

139
139

14. Salicornaria

1. farciminoides ..

2. sinuosa

131

131

132

2.

Phalangella

1. Phalangea ....

2. flabellaris ....

.. 139,

149

139

139

Fam. 8. Scupariad^e.

132, 147

3.

Coronopora

.. 140,

149

1. Scuparia

132

1. truncata

140

1. chelata

132

4.

Obelia

140

2. iEtea

133, 151

1. serpens

140

1. Anguina

133, 151

2. deflexa

141

3. Gemellaria

133

3. lobulata

141

1. loriculata

134

5.

Idmonea

141

4. Salpingia

149

1. atlantiea

. 141,

151

1. Hassallii.........

149

6.

Alecto

142

1. granulata ....

142

II. TUBULIPORINA.

134, 149

2. major

142

Fam. 9. Crisiad^e.

135, 149

3. dilatans

4. gracilis

142

142

1. Crisia

135

7.

1. eburnea

135

Berenicea

142

2. geniculata

...... 136

1. hyalina

142

3. aculeata

136

8.

Pustulipora

143

4. denticulata

...... 136

1. proboscidea .

143

LIST OF BRITISH RADIATA.

Subkingdom IV. CENTRONIX.

Centronix, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1841, 131 ; 1842 ; Austen,
Ann. and Mag. N. H. x. 106, 1842.

Vermes zoophyta, V. lithophyta and V. mollusca pars, Linn. S.N.
Animaux apathiques, part., Lam. Ext. du Cour , 1812.

Les Zoophytes ou Animaux Rayonnes, Cuv. Reg. Anim. 181/.
Actinozoaires (Actinozoa), Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. 1830.
Acephala, Actinozoa et Phytodozoa, Latr. Fam. Reg. Anim. 1825.
Les Zoophytes, Cuv. Tab. Elem. 640, 1798.

Phytozoa and Cyclozoa, Eichw. Zool. Spec. 1829.

Radiaires and Polypes, Lamk. Syst. 341, 367.

Radiata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 472 ; Phil. Zool.

Sect. 1. ECHINODERMATA.

Centronia, Pallas, Misc. Zool. (73, 74) 153, 1766.
Echinodermes, Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 643, 1798; R. Anim. 1817;
Latr. Fam. R. Anim. 1825.

Radiaires echinodermes, Lamk. Syst. 343, 1801 ; Ext. du Cour,
1812.

Cirrhodermaires, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 1830.

Cyclozoa echinoderma, Eichw. Zool. Spec. 222, 1829.
Echinodermata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 472, 473 ; Gray, Syn. Brit .
Mus. 1840.

Class I. DITREMATA.

Ditremata, Gray, Syn. B. Mus. 1840.

Echinus and Holothuria, Linn. ; Cuvier .

Echinides, Lamk. Syst. 348, 1801,

A

2 BRITISH RADIATA.

Order I. ECHINIDA.

Echinus, Linn.

Centroniae, Hill, Hist. Anim. 196, 1752.

Les Echinides, Lam. Ext. du Cour, 1812; Blainv. Diet. Sci.
Nat. lx. 178 (1830); Desmoulin, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. vii.
1835.

Les Oursins, Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 647, 1798; Beg. Anim. 1817.
Les Echindides (Echinoida), Latr. Fam. R. A. 1825.

Echini, Eichw. Zool. Spec. 228, 1829.

Echinida, Macleay, Horce Ent.ii. 116; Gray , Ann. Philos, x. 1825.
Echinidae, Flem. Brit. Anim. 473, 474.

Cirri- Spinigrada, E. Forbes, Brit. Starf. 15, 1841.

Adelostella, Austen, Ann. and Mag. N. H. x. Ill, 1842.

Fam. 1. CidariDjE.

Cidaris, Flem. B. A. 477-

Cidaridae, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825 ; Syn.B.M. 1840 ; 1842, 115.
Cidarites, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 305.

1. Cidaris.

Cidaris, Klein ; Flem. B. A. 477 ; Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825.
Cidarites, Lamk. 1816 ; Blainv. Diet. Sci . Nat. lx. 214 ; Agassiz,
Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 305.

1. Cidaris papillata.

Echinus cidaris, Linn. F. Suec. 513; Nilsson, Z. Scand. 11.

E. cidaris? var. a, Sow. Brit. Misc. t. 44.

Cidaris papillata, Leske ; Klein, Echid. 125. t. 7- a. & t. 39. f. 2 ;
Fleming, Brit. Anim. 477 ; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 146, fig. bad;
Desmoul. ; Duben and Koren, K. Vet. Akad. Hand. 1844, 255.
t. 9. f. 25-30, life.

C. Hystrix, Sars, Besk. 40; not Lamk.

C. borealis, Duben and Koren, Ofr. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1844,
114.

Piper, Zetlanders.

Inhab. North Sea.

Fam. 2. Echinida.

Echinus, Lamk. 1801, 1816.

Echinus, sp. Linn. &c.

Cidarites part., Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 304.

Echinidae, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825; Synop. Brit. Mus. 1842,
115; Austen, Ann. and Mag. N. H. x. 111. 1842.

BRITISH RADIATA.

3

1. Echinus.

Echinus, Lamk. 1801; Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825; Agassiz,
Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 307 ; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 207 ;
Fleming, B.A. 478..

Echinus, sp. Linn. ; Lamk. 1816.

Echinus a, Flem. Brit. Anim. 478 ; Duben and Koren, Z. B. 264.

1. Echinus Flemingii.

Echinus Flemingii, Ball; Forbes, Brit. Star f. 164. fig. (dry);
Agassiz, l. c. Ill ; Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 267. t. 9.
f. 31, 32 (alive).

E. miliaris, Flem. B. A. 478; Wern. Mem. ii. 246; not Gmelin.
a, b. Adult. Falmouth. W. P. Cocks, Esq.

2. Echinus esculentus.

E. marinus. List. An. ii. 169. t. 3. fig. 18; Borlase, Cornw. 278.
t. 28. fig. 27.

Echinus esculentus, Linn. Mus. L. U. 705 ; F. Suec. and S. N. ;
Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. 67- fig. 74; Flem. B. A. 478; Duben
and Koren, K. Vet. Akad. Hand. 1844, 264 ; Lamk. Syst. (1801)
346.

E. sphsera, Muller, Prod. 235; Gmelin, 3169 ; Forbes, Brit. St.

149.

“E . globiformis, Lamk. Hist. ii. 44; 55 fide Agassiz.

“ E. aurantiacus, Blainv. V’ fide Agassiz.

E. melo, Lamk. Hist. ii. 44.

a. Frith of Forth. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

b, c, d. Frith of Forth. Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D.
e. Falmouth. Presented by W. P. Cocks, Esq.

/, g, h. Series of half-grown and young. Frith of Forth.
i, j, k. Series of young. Whiting Bay, Isle of Arran. Rev.
D. Landsborough.

I, m, n. With the spines. Ilfracombe. Presented by J. E.
Gray, Esq.

3. Echinus miliaris.

Cidaris miliaris saxatilis, Leske, 82. t. 2. figs, a, b, c, d. t. 38.

figs. 2, 3; cop. E. M. t. 133. figs. 1, 2. a, b.

Echinus miliaris, Gmelin, S. N. ; Lamk. H. ii. 49, ed. 2. iii. 367 ;

Blainv. Man. Act . 227 ; Forbes, Brit. Star/. 161. fig.

E. saxatilis, Muller, Prod. n. 2847.

a. Adult. Isle of Man. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

b, c, d. Young. Isle of Man. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq«

a 2

4

BRITISH RADIATA.

4. Echinus lividus.

Echinus lividus, Lamk. H. ii. 50, ed. 2. 367 ; Blainv. Man. Act.

228 ; Bennett , Linn. Trans, xv. ; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 167. fig.
E. lithophagus, Leach, Wern. Mem. ; Tilloch, Phil. Mag. xxxix.
100.

a. Small, in holes in Nullipora. Cork. John Humphreys,
Esq.

b. Cork. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

2. Echinometra.

Ecliinometra, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, 4 ; Agassiz, Ann. Nat ,
Hist. i. 306 ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 205, 1830.
Echinometra, sp. Breyn. Echin. 1732; Van Phelsum.

Echinus, sp. Linn. ; Lamk. 1816.

Echinus (3, Flem. Brit. Anim. 479; Duben and Koren, 276.

1. Echinometra Drobachensis.

Echinus Drobachensis, Muller , Prod. 235.

Echinus neglectus, Lamk. H. ii. 49, edit. 2. iii. 366 ; E. M. 1. 133.
fig. 3. a, b; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 172. fig. ; Agassiz, iv. ; Duben
and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 277*

E. lividus, var. Blainv. Man. Act. 226.

E. saxatilis, Nilsson, Z. Scand. 9 ; not Muller nor Linn .

E. esculentus, Sv. Zool. viii. t. 48. fig. a (good), b ; Oersd. Regio
Mar. 70.

E. subangularis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 479; Klein, t. 2. fig. F. t. 3.
figs, a, b.

a. Shetland. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

b. In spirits. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

Fam. 3. Scutellid^b.

Scutellidae, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, 5 ; Synop. Brit. Mus. 1840 ;
1842, 115.

Clypeastres, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 302.

Echin. paracentrostomes dentes, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat Ax. 195.

1. Echinarachnius.

Echinarachnius, Leske ; Klein, E chid. ; Fleming, Brit. An. 4 79;

Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, 6 ; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. N. H. i. 304,
Scutella, sp. Lamk. Hist. ii. 11, 1816.

Echinodiscus, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 199.

Lagena, sp. Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 199.

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Echinarachnius placenta.

Echinarachnius, Leske ; Klein, t. 20. fig. a, b; cop. E. M. t. 143.
figs. 11, 12.

Echinarachnius placenta, Flem. Brit. An. 479; Gray, Ann. Phil.

6; Agassiz, Prod.; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 178. figs. 178, 181.
Echinus placenta, Gmelin, S. N.

Scutella placenta, Lamk. H. iii. 11, edit. 2. iii. 283; Desmoul.
Echid. 228.

Echinodiscus placenta, Blainv. Die. S. N. lx. 199 ; Man. Act. 218.
Inhab. Zetland.

2. Echinqcyamus.

Echinocyamus, LesJce; Klein, Echid.; Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825,
6; Fleming, Brit. An. 481, 1828; Blainv. Diet. S. N. lx. 195.
Eibularia, Lamk. Hist. 1816; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. N. H. i. 303.
Echinoneus, sp. Goldfuss.

1. Echinocyamus pusillus.

Spatangus pusillus, Muller, Zool. Dan. 18. t. 91. figs. 5, 6.
Echinocyamus pusillus, Flem. Brit. An. 481; Forbes, Brit. Starf.
175. fig.; Gray, Ann. Phil. x. ; Agassiz, Monog. Scut. t. 2J.

fig. 1-8.

Echinus ovalis depressus. Walker, Test. M. R< 25. t. 3. fig. 88.
Ovulum marinum, Borlase, Cornw. t. 28. fig. 26.

Echinus perexiguus, Pet. Gaz. t. 31. fig. 10.

Echinus minutus, Gmelin, S. N. 3194.

Echinocyamus minutus, Blainv. M. Act. 214.

Fibularia ovulum, Lamk. ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 193.

E. tarentina, Lamk.

E. angulosa, Deslong champs,
a, b, c, d. A series. Kent.

e,f. “ Fibularia pusilla.” Berwick on Tweed. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

g, h. With spine, green. Arran. Rev. D. Landsborough.

Fam. 4. Spatangid^e.

Spatangidae, Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825, 9.

Spatangi, Agassiz, Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 300, 1838.

Spatangus and Anachitis, Lamk. Syst. i. 347.

Echinides excentrostomes, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 185, 1830.

1. Spatangus.

Spatangus, Klein ; Agassiz and Desor, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847 ; Gray,
Ann. Phil. x. 1825, 8; Agassiz, Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 301 (1838).
Spatangus b, Fleming, Brit. An. 481.

Spatangus c, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 185.

Echinospatangus, Breyn.

6

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Spatangus purpureus.

Spatangus purpureus, Muller , Prod. ii. 2850, ZgoI . Dan. t. 6 ;
Leslie , Klein , 235. t. 43. figs. 3, 5, cop. E. M. t. 15/. figs. 1, 4 ;
LamJc. H. iii. 29, edit. 2. iii. 324 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 489 ;
Gray, Ann. Phil. x. 1825 ; Blainv. M. Act. 202. 1. 14. figs. 1,
2,3; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 182. figs. 182, 186; Duben and
Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 285. 47 ; Agassiz and Desor, Ann. Sc.
Nat. 1847, 6; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 184.
a, o. Adult. Coast of England.

c. Half-grown. Irish Sea. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.
2. Echinocardium.

Amphidetus, Agassiz , Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 301, 1838 ; Agassiz and
Desor, Ann. Sc. Nat. 11, 1847.

Ampliidotus, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 190.

Echinocardium, Van Phelsuml ; Gray , Ann. Phil. x. 1825.
Spatangus a, Fleming, Brit. An. 480, 1829.

Spatangus E, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 185.

1. Echinocardium cordatus.

Echinus Spatangus, Merret , 192; Borlase, Cornw. 278. t. 28.

fig. 28; Lister, App. t. 1. fig. 13.

Echinus cordatus, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 69. t. 34. fig. 75.
Spatangus cordatus, Flem. Brit. An. 480.

Amphidotus cordatus, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 190. fig.

Amphidetus cordatus, Agassiz ; Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidrag.

285; Agassiz and Desor, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, 11.

Spatangus pusillus, Leshe ; Klein, 230. t. 24. fig. c, d , e. t. 38,
fh*. 5 (not Muller) .

Echinocardium pusillum, Gray , Ann. Phil. x. 1825.

Amphidetus pusillus, Agassiz.

Echinus pusillus, Gmelin , S. N. 3193.

Sp. lacunosus, Muller, Zool. Dan. i. 19, 20 (not Linn.).

Sp. flavescens, Abildg. Zool. Dan. t. 91 (not Muller, Prod.) ;
Gersd. Reg. Mar. 81.

Sp. arcuarius, Lamk. H. iii. 31, edit. 2. iii. 328 ; Blainv. M. Act.

201 ; Desmoul.; Gold. Pet. Germ. t. 48. fig. 1.

Amphidetus Goldfussii, Agassiz.

a, b. Adult and young, with spines. Coast of England.
Presented by Mrs. Mauger.

c, d, e. Adult, without spines. Melton sands. G. Mon-
tague, Esq.

2. Echinocardium ovatum.

Spatangus ovatus, Leslce ; Klein, 252. t. 49. figs. 12, 1 3 ; Fleming ,
Brit. An. 480 ; Blainv. Zooph. ; Desmoul. ; Agassiz (not
Lamk. nor Blainv.).

BRITISH RADIATA.

7

Amphidetus ovatus, Agassiz ; Duhen and Koren, Zool. Bidrag.

283. 1. 10. fig. 50 ; Agassiz and Desor , Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, 12.
Spatangus flavescens, Muller , Prod. 235, Zool. Dan. i. 19, 20,
(not Abildg. Zool. Dan.); Sars , Besk. 40, 46.

Amphidotus roseus, Forbes, Brit. Star/. 194. fig. 194, 196.
Amphidetus ovatus, var. minor, Agassiz and Desor, Ann. Sc. Nat.
184 7, 12; Seba, iii. t. 15. figs. 27, 29; cop. E. M. t. 159.
figs. 5, 6.

a, b. Dry. Coast of Northumberland. Presented by A. G.
Melville, M.D.

3. Brissiopsis.

Brissiopsis, Agassiz ; Agassiz and Desor, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, 14.
Brissus, sp. E. Forbes, Brit. Starf. 187-
Tripylus, sp. Philippi, Erichs. Arch. 1846.

1. Brissiopsis lyrifera.

Brissus lyrifer, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 187. fig. 187 ; Duben and
Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 280. t. 10. fig. 46.

Brissiopsis lyrifera, Agassiz and Desor, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1847, 15.

a. Adult. Rothsay Bay, Isle of Man. Presented by Ed-
ward Forbes, Esq.

b. Inspirits. Shetland. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

Order II. HOLOTHURIDA.

Fistulides,Lam&. Syst. 345, 351 ; Agassiz , Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist, i,
297.

Fistulida, Macleay, Horce Ent. ii. 116; Gray, Ann. Phil. 182.
Fistulidae, Fleming, Brit , Anim. 483, 1828.

Cirrlii-Vermigrada, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 15, 1841.

Ascidiastella, Austen, Ann. and Mag. N. H. x. 108, 1842.

Fam. 1. XIOLOTHURIDiE.

Holothuridae, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 118.

1. Thyone.

Thy one, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 1815 ; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat.
Hist. i. 298.

Mulleria, sp. Fleming, Brit. Anim. 1828 (not Jaeger nor Agassiz).
Phyllophorus, Grube.

1. Thyone fusus.

Holothuria fusus, Muller, Zool. Dan. t, 10. figs. 5, 6 (not
Chiaje).

Synapta? fusus, Jaeger,

8

BRITISH RADIATA.

Thyone fusus, Agassiz , Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 298 ; Duben and
Koren, Zool. Bidr. 308. t. 11. fig. 52. t. 5. figs. 42-48 ; Koren,
Nyt. Mag. Naturv. iv. 203. t. 1 (anat.).

Mulleria fusus, Flem. Brit. Anim. 484.

Holothuria papillosa, Abild. Zool. Dan. t. 108. fig. 3, cop. E. M.
t. 86. figs. 5, 6 ; Blainv. Man. Act. 193. t. 13. fig. 2.

Synapta? papillosa, Jaeger , Hoi.

Thyone papillosa, Oken , Lehrb. ; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist.
i. 298; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 233. figs. 233, 235.

Mulleria papillosa, Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 584. fig. 66.

Holothuria penicillus, Muller, Zool. Dan. t. 10. fig. 4 (the cal-
careous ring of the mouth) (not Chiaje).

Pentacta penicillus, Jaeger.

Inhab. Berwick Bay. Ireland.

2. Thyone Raphanus.

Thyone Raphanus, Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidr. 311. n. 56.
t. 11. fig. 58. t. 5. figs. 49-55 ; Thomp. Ann. Nat. Hist. 184 7,
xx. 176.

Inhab. Ireland, Thompson.

2. Holothuria.

Holothuria, sp. Linn. S. N.; Cuvier ; Jaeger.

Holothuria, Lamk. Sys. 351, 1801 ; Blainv. ; Duben and Koren,
Zool. Bidr. 318.

Fistularia, sp. Lamk. Hist. ii. 1816.

Slelenota, Brandt, Prod.

1. Holothuria nigra.

Nigger or Cotton Spinner, Couch, Ann. fy Mag. N. H. xv. 171.
t. 14.

Inhab. Cornwall.

Fam. 2. Cuvieriadje.

Cuvieriadse, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 118.

1. Psolus.

Psolus, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 1815.

P. Phantopus, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 298, 1838;
Jaeger, Hoi.

Cuvieria, sp. Flem. Brit. Anim. 492; Duben and Koren, 312;
Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx.

BRITISH RADIATA.

9

1. Psolus phantopus.

Holothuria phantopus, Strusfenfeldt, Act. Holm. 1765, 256.
t. 10; Linn. S. N. 1089; Muller , Prod, n.2803; Zool.Dan .
t. 112. figs. 1, 2, 3, cop. E. M. t. 86. figs. 1, 3; Lamk. Hist.
iii. 73, edit. 2. iii. 440.

Cuvieria phantopus, Flem. Brit. Anim. 493; Johnst. Mag. Nat.
Hist. ix. 472. fig. 86 ; Blainv. Man. Act. ; Duben and Koren,
Zool. Bidr. 313. n. 57.

Psolus phantopus, Jaeger , Holoth. 2, Brandt , Prod. ; Agassiz ,
Proci IVatf. i. 299 ; Forbes , Pri£. Starf. 203. fig.
Ascidia rustica, Pemz. Brit. Zool. iv. 48. t. 33. fig. 35.

a. In spirits. North Sea.

b, c. Dry, stuffed. Northumberland.

2. PSOLINUS.

Psolinus, E. Forbes and Goodsir, Brit. Starf. 217-
1. Psolinus brevis.

Holothuria brevis, Forbes and Goodsir, Athenaeum , n. 618.
Psolinus brevis, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 207. fig.

Inhab. Shetland.

Fam. 3. Pentactid^e.

Pentactidse, Gray , Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 118.

1. Pentacta.

Pentacta, Goldfuss; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 299.
Cucumaria, Cuvier ; Jaeger ; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 227 ; Blainv.
Dactylota, Brandt.

Ochnus, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 229.

Holothuria, Flem. Brit. Anim. 482.

1. Pentacta frondosa.

Holothuria frondosa. Gunner, Act. Stock. 1767? t. 4. figs. 1, 2,
cop. E. M. t. 85. figs. 7, 8; O. Fab. F. Green. 353; Muller,
Prod. n. 2802 ; Lamk. Hist. iii. 73, edit. 2. iii. 439.

Cuvieria frondosa, Blainv.

Pentacta frondosa, Jaeger, Hoi. 12; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat.
Hist. i. 299.

Dactylota frondosa, Brandt.

Cucumaria frondosa, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 209. fig. ; Duben and
Koren, Zool. Bidr. 293. n. 48. t. 4. fig. 1.

Holothuria pentacta, Abild. Zool. Dan. t. 108. figs. 1, 2. t. 124;

Vahl. Zool. Dan. t. 123, 127 ; Sars, Besk. 40.

Holothuria grandis, Forbes and Goodsir, Athenaeum, n. 618; not
Brandt.

a 5

10

BRITISH RAD I AT A.

Hol. fucicola, Forbes and Goodsir , Athenaeum , n. 618.
Cucumaria fucicola, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 227 . fig. young.

? Cucumaria pentacta, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 213. fig.

? IIo\ot\m\inhi'iumex\s, Forbes MSS. ; Thomp.Ann.Nat. H. 1840.
? Oclinus brunneus, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 229. fig.

a, 6. In spirits. Shetland. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

2. Pentacta fusiformis.

Holothuria fusiformis, Forbes and Goodsir, Athenaeum, n. 618.
Cucumaria fusiformis, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 219. fig.

Inhab. Shetland.

3. Pentacta Hvndmanni.

Ilolotliuria Hyndmanni, Thompson, Ann. SfMag. Nat. Hist. 1840,
v. 100.

Cucumaria Hyndmanni, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 225. fig. (“bad,”
Duben); Duben and Koren, Zool.Bidr. 299. 51. t. 11. fig. 56.
t. 4. figs. 8-14.

a. In spirits. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

4. Pentacta lactea.

Holothuria lactea, Forbes and Goodsir, Athenaeum, n. 618.
Oclinus lacteus, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 231. fig. (“bad,” Duben).
Cucumaria lactea, Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidr. 297- 50. t. 11.
fig. 55. t. 4. figs. 3-7.

a. In spirits. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

5. Pentacta pentactes.

Holothuria pentactes, Muller, Prod. 2806 ; Zool. Dan. t. 31 . fig. 8;
Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 51. t. 26. fig. 41 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 482 ;
Lam. Hist. iii. 73, 2nd edit. iii. 441.

Pentacta pentactes, Jaeger, Hol. 12; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat.
Hist. i.

Cucumaria pentactes, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 213. fig. 9.

Var. ? Hol. dicquemarii, Cuvier; Forbes, loc. cit. 215.

Hydra corallifera, Gaertner, Phil. Trans. 1761, 75. t. 1, b. fig. 3,
a, b.

Hol. Gaertneri, Blainv. Man. Act. 195.

Holothuria communis, Leach, MSS. Brit. Mus.

a, b, c. d. In spirits. “ Hol. communis, Leach.” South
coast of Devon. Mus. Leach.
e,f. Inspirits. “ Hol. arcuata,” Leach. Devon. G. Mon-
tague, Esq. Mus. Leach.

g. Small, in spirits. Torquay. J. R. Griffith, Esq.

h, i,j. Small, in spirits. Holothuria viridis, Leach, MSS.
S. coast of Devon. G. Montague, Esq. Maybe a species?.

BRITISH RADI ATA.

11

6. Pentacta Montagui.

Holothuria Montagui, Flem. Brit. Anim. 483 ; Beach , Brit. Mus.

H. pentactes, var., Mont. Linn. Trans, ix. 112. t. 7- fig. 4 ; Forbes ,
Brit. Starf. 215. fig.

a. Melton sands. G. Montague, Esq. Mus. Leach.

b. Hoi. decollata, Leach. S. Devon. G. Montague, Esq.
Mus. Leach.

7. Pentacta Neillii.

Holothuria Neillii, Flem. Brit. Anim. 483.

Hoi. pentactes, var. Forbes , Brit. Starf. 228.

Hoi. Scotica, Leach , Brit. Mus.

6 a. In spirits. Frith of Forth. P. Neill, Esq. Mus. Leach.

8. Pentacta dissimilis.

Holothuria dissimilis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 483.

Hoi. pentactes, var. Forbes , Brit. Starf. 228.

Inhab. Leith, Coldstream.

2. Thyronidium.

Thyronidium, Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidr. 1844.

Pentacta, sp. Jaeger ; Agassiz , Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. 299.
Dactylota, sp. Brandt.

Cucumaria and Thyone, sp., Forbes , Brit. Starf.

Holothuria, sp. Mont. ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 483.

I. Thyronidium pellucidum.

Holothuria pellucida, Vahl9 Zool. Dan. t. 135 (“bad,” Duben) ;

Flem. Brit. Anim. 483; Forbes and Goodsir, Athenaeum , n. 618.
Pentacta pellucida, Jaeger ; Agassiz , Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 299.
Dactylota pellucida, Brandt.

Thyronidium pellucidum, Duben and Koren , Zool. Bidr. 303.
1. 11. fig. 57. t. 4. figs. 15,17-

Cucumaria hyalina, Forbes , B. Starf. 221. fig. (“ good,” Duben).
Pentacta pentactes, Oersd. loc. cit. 74 (not Linnaeus).

Inhab. Shetland, Fleming.

2. Thyronidium Drummondi.

Holothuria Drummondi, Thomp. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, v. 100.
Cucumaria Drummondi, Forbes , B. Starf. 223. fig.

Cucumaria communis, Forbes and Goodsir ; Forbes , Brit. Starf.

217. %.

Thyronidium commune, Duben and Koren , Zool. Bidr. 305. t. 11.
fig. 51. t. 4. figs. 18-23.

12

BRITISH RADIATA.

Thy one Portlockii, Forbes , Brit. Starf. 238.

? Hoi. fusus, Oersd. loc. cit. 74?.

? a, b. In spirits. “ Holothuria verrucata,” Leach , MSS.
B.M. S. Devon and Falmouth. J. Craneh, Esq. Mus.
Leach.

Fam. 4. Synaptid^e.

Synaptidae, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 118.

1. Synapta.

Synapta, Eschscholtz, Atlas, 1833; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat ,
‘ Hist. i. 298.

Fistularia, sp. Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 1830 (not Lamk. 1816).
Tiedemannia, Leuckart.

Holothuria D, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 1 830.

Pentacta, sp. Jaeger.

Dactylota, sp. Brandt.

Mulleria, sp. Flem. Brit. Anim. 484, 1828.

Chirodota, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 239.

1. Synapta inherens.

Holothuria inhaerens, Muller, Zool. Dan. t. 31. figs. 1,7; Sars,
Besk. 40.

Cucumaria inherens, Cuvier.

Pentacta inherens, Jaeger.

Dactylota inherens, Brandt.

Synapta inherens, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 298 ; Duben
and Koren, Zool. Bidr. 322. t. 5. figs. 56-62.

Holothuria digitata, Mont. Linn. Trans, xi. 22. t. 4. fig. 6 ; Blainv.
Man. Actinol. 194.

Fistularia digitata, Lamk. Hist. iii. 76, 2nded. iii. 448.

Mulleria digitata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 484 .

Chirodota digitata, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 239. fig.

Synapta Duvernaea, Quatref ages, Ann. Sc. Nat. xvii. (1842)?.
a, b. In spirits. Mus. Leach.

c. Fragment of body, in spirits. S. Devon. G. Montague,
Esq. Mus. Leach.

d. Fragments, in spirits. “ Jemania Cranchiana,” Leach,
MSS. Brit. Mus. South Devon. J. Craneh, Esq.

e. Fragment of head. “ Jemania Montagui,” Leach, MSS .
Brit. Mus. S. Devon. G. Montague, Esq.

2. Synapta Henslowana.

Jemania Henslowana, Leach, MSS. Brit. Mus. 1819.

a. In spirits. Aberystwith. Rev. John Henslow. May
be the young of the preceding.

BRITISH RADIATA.

13

Fam. 5. Sipunculid^e.

Sipunculidse, Gray , Spic. Zool. 1828; Syn. Brit. Mus. 1840;
1842, 118.

Vermigrada, Forbes , Brit. Starf. 15, 1841.

Vermistella, Austen , Ann. fy Mag. N.H. x. 112, 1842.

1. Sipunculus.

Sipunculus, Linn.; LamJc. Syst. 352; Leuckart ; Flem. Brit.
Anim. 491.

Syrinx, Bohadsch; Forbes , Brit. Starf. 245.

1. Sipunculus nudus.

Syrinx, Bohadsch, Ann. Mar. 93. t. 7- figs. 6, 7-
Sipunculus nudus, Linn. S. N. 12th edit. 1078; Gmelin , $. IV.
3094?; Flem. Brit. Anim. 491 ; Gray, Spic. Zool. 8 ; LamJc .
Hist. 2nd edit. ii. 469; Leuckart, Breves Animal. Desc. 20. 1. 1.
fig. 3.

Syrinx nudus, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 245. fig.

Sip. balanophorus, Chiaje, Mem. i. t. 22. fig. 1.

Syrinx tessellatus, Bafinesque, Precis, 82.

Sipunculus reticulatus, Martin, Obs. M. Worms, 1786, 6. n. 3.
t. 1. fig. 3.
a. In spirits.

2. Sipunculus papillosus.

Sipunculus papillosus, Thomp. Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 101 (1840).
Syrinx papillosus, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 247. fig.

Inhab. Clare, Ireland.

3. Sipunculus macrorhynchopterus.

Vermis macrorhynchopterus, Rondel, Zooph. 110.

Siphunculus nudus (Naked tube Worm), Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 36.

t. 20. fig. 10.

Inhab. .

4. Sipunculus Harveii.

Syrinx Harveii, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 249. fig.

Inhab. Devonshire.

5. Sipunculus Strombi.

Sipunculus Strombi, Mont. Linn. Trans. \ ii. 74; Flem. Brit. An.

491 ; Gray, Spic. Zool. 8. t. 6. fig. 1.

? S. clavatus, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat.

Sipunculus Dentalii, Gray, Spic. Zool. 8. t.

S. Bernhardus, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 251. fig.
a, b. In spirits. Devonshire.

14

BRITISH RADIATA.

6. Sipunculus Johnstoni.

Siphunculus Johnstonii, Forbes , Brit. Starf. 254. fig*

Inhab. Berwick, Johnston.

7. Sipunculus saccatus.

Sipunculus nudus, Martin , Obs. Mar. Anim. 1786, 4. n. 2. t. 1.
fig. 2. a, b, c.

S. saccatus, Flem. Brit. Anim. 491 ; Mont. Linn. Trans, vii. 75.
Inhab. Teignmouth, Martin.

8. Sipunculus tenuicinctus.

Syrinx tenuicinctus, M(Coy, Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. xv. 273. 1. 16. f. 4.
Inhab. Ireland.

9. Sipunculus Forbesii.

Syrinx Forbesii, M(Coy , Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. xv. 273. t. 16. fig. 3.
Inhab. Ireland.

10. Sipunculus granulosa.

Syrinx granulosa, M‘Coy, Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. xv. 272. 1. 16. f. 2,
Inhab. Roundstone Bay.

2. Fhascolosoma.

Phascolosoma, Leuckart , Breves Anim. Desc.

1. Phascolosoma Pallasii.

Sipunculus, Fallas , Misc. Zool. t. 4. figs. 7, 8, 9; cop. Forbes ,
Brit. Starf. 255. fig.

Inhab. Coast of Sussex.

3. Priapulus.

Priapulus, Lamk. Hist. iii. 76, 1816, 2nd edit. iii. 467 ; Flem .

Brit. Anim. 491, 1828; Forbes , Brit. Starf. 256.

Priapules, Lamarck , Ext. du Cour, 38, 1812; Cuvier , Beg. Anim .
iv. 24, 1817.

Holothuria, sp. Linn., 0. Fab., Muller.

1. Priapulus caudatus.

Holothuria priapus, Linn. S. N. 1091 ; 0. Fab. F. Green. 355 ;

Muller, Prod. n. 2807 ; Zool. Dan. t. 94. fig. 1. t. 135. fig. 2.
Priapulus caudatus, Flem. Brit. Anim. 491 ; Lam. Hist. iii. 76,
2nd edit. iii. 467 ; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 256. fig.

P. hibernicus, MeCoy, Ann. Sf Mag. N. H. xv. 272. t. 16. f. 1.
a. In spirits. Old collection.

BRITISH RADIATA.

15

4. Thalassema.

Thalassema, Cuvier , Tab. Elem. 1798 ; R. Anim. 2nd edit. iii. 244,
not 1st edit. ; Lamk. Syst. 329, 1801 ; Forbes , Brit. Starf. 259 ;
Mont. Linn. Trans, xi.

Lumbricus, sp. Linn.

1. Thalassema rupium.

Lumbricus Thalassema, Fallas, Spic. Zool. x. t.l. fig. 6, cop. E.M.

t. 35. figs. 3-7 ; Gmelin, S. N. 3084.

Thalassema rupium, Lam. Syst.. (1801), 329.

Th. mutatoria. Montag. Linn. Trans, xi. 24. t. 5. fig. 2.

Th. Neptuni, Gaertner ; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 259. figs. 259, 262;
Cuvier, Reg. Anim. 2nd edit. iii. 244.
a, b. In spirits. S. coast of Devon. G. Montague, Esq.
Mus. Leach.

c, d , e. In spirits. S. coast of Devon. Presented by J. E.
Gray, Esq.

5. Echiurus.

Echiurus, Echiures, Cuvier, Reg. Anim. 2nd edit. iii. 224; Forbes,
Brit. Starf. 263 ; M. Edw. Reg. Anim. Zooph. t. 22.
Thalassema, Cuvier, Bull, des Sci. ; Reg. Anim. 1st edit. ii. 529 ;

Savig. Sys. Annel. 102, 1820.

Thalassema /3, Cuvier, Reg. Anim. 2nd edit. iii. 224.

1. Echiurus oxyurus.

Lumbricus oxyurus, Fallas, Misc. Zool. 146. t. 11. figs. 1, 6.
Lumbricus echiurus, Fallas, Spic. Zool. x. 1. 1. figs. 1, 5.
Thalassema echiurus, Cuvier, Reg. Anim. ii. 529, 2nd edit. ; Lamk.

Hist. v. 301, 2nd edit. v. 533; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. Ivii. 499,
Th, aquatica, Leach, Ency. Brit. Supp. i. 451.

Th. vulgaris, Savig. Sys. Annel. 102, 1820.

Echiurus vulgaris, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 263. f. 263, 266, 267 ;

M. Edw. Reg. Anim. Zooph. t. 22.

Inhab. St. Andrews, E. Forbes.

Class II. HYPOSTOMA.

Ilvpostoma, Gray , Syn. Brit. Mus. 18; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,
~Nov. 1840, 1 77-

Stellerides, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1838, i. 440.
Asteriadae, Flem. Brit. Anim. 485.

Asterida, Midler and Troschel, Asteriden, i. 1842.

16

BRITISH RADIATA.

Order I. ASTEROXDA.

Asteroida, Gray , Syn. B. Mus .; Ann. fyMag. N.H. Nov. 1840, 178.
Stellerides, Lamk. Syst. 345 ; Ext. du Cour, 25, 1812.
Stellerida, Macleay, Horce Ent. ii. 116 ; Gray , Ann. Phil. x. 1825.
Stellata, Eicliwald , Zool. i. Spec. 224, 1 829.

Stelleridea, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 214.

Asterire, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 440, 1838 ; Muller and
Troschel, Aster. 7, 1842.

Asterias, Flem. Brit. Anim. 483.

Cirrigrada, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 14, 1841.

Lobistella, Austen, Ann. #f Mag. N. H. x. 108, 1842.

Fam. 1. Asteriad^e.

Asteriadse, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1840, 62; Ann. 8f Mag. Nat.
Hist. 1840, 178; Forbes, Wern. Trans, viii. 1, ined.

1. Asterias.

Asterias, sp. Linn.

Asterias, Lamk. Sys. 351, 1801 ; Gray, Ann. Sf Mag. N.H. 1840, 178.
Asteracanthion, Muller and Troschel, Aster. 14, 1842.

Stellonia, Nardo ; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. 442 ; Forbes,
Wern. Mem. viii. 123.

Agassiz, MSS. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 442; Forbes, B. Starf. 78.
Pentasterie, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 1830.

1. Asterias rubens.

Asterias rubens, Linn. S. N. 1099; 0. Fab. F. G. 369; Mull .
Prod. 2831 ; Retz. Vet. Akad. Hand. iv. 236 ; Lam. Hist. ii.
562, 2nd edit. iii. 160 ; Blainv. Man. Act. 239. t. 22. fig. a, B;
Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 179.

Asteracanthion rubens, Mull, and Trosch. Ast. 17 ; Duben and
Koren, Zool. Bidr. 241.

Stellonia rubens, Agassiz, Prod . ; Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 121.
Uraster rubens, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 83. figs. 83, 90.

A. glacialis, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 60. n.54 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 487.
A. clathrata, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 61. n.55, young.

Linck, t. 7. fig. 9. 1. 11. fig. 15. 1. 14. fig. 23. 1. 15 & 16. fig. 18.
t. 34, 35. fig. 58. t. 40. fig. 70, cop. E. M. t. 92. figs. 3, 4. t. 93.
figs. 1,2.

Tetractis petaloideus, Linck, t.30. n.50.

Stella coriaceus vulgaris Luidi, Linck, t. 36. n. 61.

a & b. Adult. Frith of Forth. Presented by W. E. Leach,
M.D.

e,f,g. (Not in good state.) Frith of Forth. Presented by
W. E. Leach, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

17

2. Asterias violaceus.

Sol. coriaceus planus, LincJc , 33. 1. 11. fig. 15.

Asterias rubens violacea, Muller , Zool. Dan. t. 46, cop. E. M.

1. 116. figs. 4, 5.

A. violacea, Gmelin, S. N. 3163. n. 24; Blainv. Man. Act. 239 ;
Lam. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 256; Ehrenb. Berl. Trans, xxii. 209.
t. 8. fig. 9.

Uraster violaceus, Forbes , Brit. Star f. 91. fig.

Ast. Holsatica, Retz. Ast. 22 & 26 ; Gray , Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840,
179.

Asteracantbion violaceus. Mull, and Trosch. Ast. 16?.

A. minuta, Retz. Diss. 24. jun. ?

Asterac. rubens, var. Mull, and Trosch. Ast. 126?.

a. Frith of Forth. Presented by Edward Forbes, Esq.

b. Plymouth Sound. Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D.

c. d. Berwick-on-Tweed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Asterias glacialis.

Asterias glacialis, Linn. S. N. ; Retz. Diss. 23; Lam. Hist. ii. 261.
n. 26, 2nd edit. iii. 248 ; Muller , Zool. Dan. Prod. n. 2838 ;
Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 179.

Asteracanthion glacialis, Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 240.
Stellonia glacialis, Nardo, Isis 1834, 716; Agassiz, Prod.; Forbes,
Wern. Mem. viii. 123.

Uraster glacialis, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 78. fig.

A. angulosa, Muller, Zool. Dan. ii. t. 41, cop. E.M. t. 99. fig. 1.
Stellonia angulosa, Agassiz, Prod. 25.

A. echinophora, Chiaje, Mem. ii. 356. t. 18. fig. 5.

? A. Saveresi, Chiaje, Mem.

Sol. echinatus cancellatus, LincJc, t. 38, 39. fig. 33, cop. E. M.

1. 117, 118.

Pentadactylosaster spinosus, LincJc, 35. t. 4. fig. 7, cop. E. M.
1. 119. figs. 2, 3.

A. spinosa, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 62 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 487> jun.
Stella hibernica echinata, Pet. Gaz. 1. 16. fig. 5.

a, b, c, d. Plymouth Sound. Presented by W. E. Leach,
M.D.

4. Asterias hispida.

Stella coriacea acutangula hispida, LincJc, 31 . t. 9. fig. 19. t. 35.

Asterias hispida, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 62. t. 30. fig. 58.

Stellonia hispida, Forbes, Wern. Trans, viii. 123; Brit. Starf. 95.
figs. 95 & 99.

Inhab. Anglesea, Pennant. Isle of Man, Forbes ,

18

BRITISH RADIATA.

Fam. 2. Astropectinidas.

Astropectinidse, Gray, Ann. SfMag. Nat. Hist. 1840, 180.

1. Astropecten.

Astropecten, Linck, de Stellis Mar. t. 2/ ; Gray, Ann. fy Mag.
Nat. Hist. 1840, 180; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 220, 1830;
Miill. and Trosch. Ast. 07- *

Asterias, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Plist. i. 441 ; Forbes, Wern.
Trans, viii. 5.

Stellaria, Nardo, Isis 1834, 717 (not Linn.).

1. Astropecten irregularis.

Asterias aurantiaca (or auranciaca ?), Muller, Zool. Dan. t. 83;
Prod, n.2831 (not Linn.); Lamk.Hist. ii. 563?, 2nd edit. iii.
251 ? ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 486 ; Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 299.
fig. 44 ; Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 118; Brit. Starf. 130. fig.
Astropecten irregularis, Linck, 27. t. 6. fig. 13; Gray, Aim. Nat.
Hist. 1840, 182.

Ast. irregularis, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 61. fig. 57.

Astropecten , Linck, t.5 &6. figs. 5& 13. t. 8. figs. 11, 12.

t. 4. fig. 14. t. 27. fig. 44, cop. E.M. t. 90. figs. 1-5. t. 91.
figs. 1-6.

? Ast. Jolmstoni, Chiaje, Mem. ii. 356.

? Stella marina minor, Johnst. Hist. Nat. t. 8. fig. 11.
Astropecten Mulleri, Muller and Troschel, Wiegm. Arch. x. 1844,
181 ; Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 247.

a. Adult.

b, c. S. coast of England. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

2. Luidia.

Luidia, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 123, ined. ; Brit. Starf. 135 ;
Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, 183 ; Mull, and Trosch .
Ast. 77, 1841 ; Duben and Koren, K. Veter. Akad. 1844, 113.
Hemicnemis, Miill. and Trosch. MSS. Ast. 77.

1. Luidia Savignii.

Asterias Savignii, Audouin, Savig. Echinod. t. 3, 1826.

Luidia Savignyi, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 183; Miill. and
Trosch. Ast. 77 ; Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 254.
Asterias rubens, Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 144. fig. 20.

A. pectinata, Couch, Mag. Nat. Hist. n. s. Jan. 1840.

Luidia fragilissima, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 123; Brit. Starf.

135. fig. ; Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 183.

Ast. ciliaris, Phil. Wiegm. Arch. iii. 193,

BRITISH RADIATA.

19

Luidia ciliaris, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 183.

Asterias n. sp.?, Sars , Besk. 39.

Luidia Sarsii, Duben and Koren, Of vers. K. V. Akad. Fork. 1844,

113.

a. Body of very large specimen. Isle of Man. Presented
by Edward Forbes, Esq.

b. A large specimen. Brodick, Arran. Presented by Sir W.
C. Trevelyan, Bart.

c. d. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Solaster.

Solasteries, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 222, 1830.

Solaster, Forbes, Wern. Mem.v iii. 121; Brit. Star f. 189; Gray,
Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, 183 ; Mull, and Trosch. Ast. 26.
Stellonia, sp. Nardo, Isis 1834 ; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i.
442.

Crossaster, Muller and Troschel.

* Endeca* Gray.

1. Solaster Endeca.

Asterias endeca, Linn. S. N. ; Betz. Diss. 26; Lamk. Hist. ii. 560,
2nd edit. iii. 247 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 487 ; Sow. Brit. Misc.
49. t. 24 ; Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 300. fig. 44 ; Linck,
t. 15, 16. fig. 26. t. 17. %. 27, cop. E. M. t. 114, 115.
Stellonia endeca, Nardo, Isis 1834 ; Agassiz, Prod.

Solaster endeca, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 121 ; Brit. Starf. 109,
fig. ; Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidr. 243; Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist.
1840, 183; Muller and Trosch. Ast. 26.

A. aspera, Mull. Prod. n. 2833.

a. Adult. Isle of Man. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.
c, d, e. Adult and young. Frith of Forth. Presented by
W. E. Leach, M.D.

f. Scotland. Presented by Mr. J. Johnston.

** Polyaster, Gray.

2. Solaster papposa.

Stella dodedactis, Linck, t. 17- fig. 28. t. 22. fig. 52.

Asterias papposa, Linn. S. N. ; Mull. Prod. n. 2832 ; Betz. Diss.
27 ; Lamk. Hist. ii. 559, 2nd edit. iii. 246 ; Flem. Brit. Anim.
48 7 ; Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 478. fig. 69.

Stellonia papposa, Agassiz , Prod.

Solaster papposa, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 121 ; Brit. Starf.
112. fig. ; Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 243; Gray, Ann.
Nat. Hist. 1840, 183; Mull, and Trosch. Ast . 26,

20

BRITISH RADIATA.

A. helianthoides, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 66. fig. 72.

A. stellata, Betz.

a. Adult. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

b, c, d, e, /, g , h , i. Adult and young. Frith of Forth.
Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D.

4. IIenricia.

Henricia, Gray, Ann. fy Mag. N.Hist. 1840, 184.

Linckia, Nardo ?; Agassiz , Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 441?;

Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 120 (not Gray nor Micheli).
Echinaster, sp. Muller and Troschel, Ast. 23, 1841.

Cribella, Agassiz, MSS. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 441?; Forbes, Brit.
Starf. 100.

1. Henricia oculatus.

Pentadactylosaster oculatus, Linck, 31. t. 36. fig. 62.

Asterias oculata, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 61. t. 30. fig. 56; Flem.
Brit. Anim. 48/.

Linkia oculata, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 120. t. 3. fig. 5.
Cribella oculata, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 100. fig.

Echinaster oculatus, Muller and Trosch. Ast. 24 ; Duben and
Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 241.

Henricia oculata, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 184.

? A. perforata, Muller , Zool. Dan. Prod. n. 2834 ?.

? A. multifora, Lam. Hist. ii. 565?.

(Smaller) Asterias seposita, Betz. Diss. 21, not Mull, and Trosch.
Asterias sanguinolenta, Muller, Prod. 234, not Betz.

Echinaster sanguinolentus, Sars, Wiegm. Arch. x. 169. t. 6. f. 1,2
Echinaster Sarsii, Muller and Troschel, Wiegm. Arch. x. 178.
(Larger) Ast. pertusa, Muller, Prod. 234 ; 0. Fab. Nor. Act. Hafn.
xi. (1826) 41. t. 4. fig. 2.

a. Plymouth Sound. Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D.

b, c, d, e,f. Frith of Forth.

g, h, i. Coast of Northumberland. Presented by J. E. Gray,
Esq.

2. Henricia rosea.

Asterias rosea, Muller, Prod. n. 2837 ; Zool. Dan. t. 47-
Cribella rosea, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 106. fig.

Linkia rosea, Thomp. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840.

Asteracanthion roseus, Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 241.
a. Adult. Ayrshire, Philip Maclagan, Esq. Presented by
E. Forbes, Esq.

BRITISH RADIATA.

21

Fam. 3. Pentacerotid^.

Pentacerotidae, Gray , Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, 276.
Goniaster, Agassiz , Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 441.

1. Hippasteria.

Hippasteria, Gray , Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, 279.
Asterogonium, sp. Muller and Troschel , Ast. 52, 1841.
Pentaceros, sp. Linck.

Scutasteries or Platasteries, part., Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 219,
Goniaster, sp. Agassiz , Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 441.

I Hippasteria equestris.

Pentaceros planus. Link , 21. t. 22. fig. 21. t. 33. fig. 53.
Hippasteria plana, Gray , Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 279.

Astenas equestris, Gmelin , S. N. ? ; Sow. Brit. Misc. 8. t. 43,
good (not Muller)’, Lam. H. ii. 555, 2nd edit. iii. 242? ; Fle-
ming, Brit. Anim. 485; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 559.
Goniaster equestris, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 441 ;

Forbes, Brit. Star f. 125. figs. 125, 127.

Asterogonium phrygianuin. Mull, and Trosch. Ast. 52.
Hippasteria europaea. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 279.

A. Johnstonii, Gray; Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. 146. fig. 21
(not Chiaje) ; ? Lam. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 257.

H. Johnstonii, Gray, Ann. Nat , Hist. 1840, 279.

Astrogonium phrygianum, Muller and Trosch. Ast. 52; Duben
and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 246.

a. Four-rayed. “ H. Johnstonii,” Gray. North of England.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Hippasteria abbensis.

Goniaster abbensis, Forbes, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xi. 280. t.
a. St. Abb’s Head. Presented by Edward Forbes, Esq.

Fam. 4. Asterinid^e.

Asterinidae, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1840, 62; Ann. and Mag ,
Nat. Hist. 1840, 288.

1. Palmipes.

Palmipes, Linck; Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, 288 ;
Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 442; Forbes, Wern. Mem,.
viii. 118.

isteriscus, sp. Muller and Troschel, Ast. 39.

Vnseropoda, Nardo, Isis 1834.

3almasteries, Blainv. Diet . Sc. Nat. lx. 218.

22

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Palmipes membranaceus.

Stella quinquifida palmipes, Linck , 29. t. 1. fig. 2; cop. E. M.
t. 99. figs. 2, 3.

Asterias membranaceus, Retz. Vet. Akad. iv. 238; Diss. 62;

Gmelin , S. N. 31 64 ; Lamk. Hist. ii. 558, 2nd edit. iii. 244.
Palmipes membranaceus, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 442;
Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 119; Brit. Star f. 116. fig.; Gray ,
Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 288.

A. placenta, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 62. t. 21. fig. 59 a.

A. cartilaginea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 485.

A. rosacea, Lam. Hist. ii. 558.

Asteriscus palmipes, Muller and Trosch. Ast. 39.

a, b, c, d. Adult. Plymouth Sound. C. Prideaux, Esq.

Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D.
e. Isle of Man. Presented by Edward Forbes, Esq.

2. Porania.

Porania, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, 288.
Asteropsis,sp. Mull, and Trosch. 62,1842; Duben and Koren, 246 .
Goniaster, sp. Thompson ; Forbes, Wern. Mem. iv. 118; Brit.
Starf. 122 (not Gray).

1. Porania pulvillus.

Asterias pulvillus, Muller, Zool. Dan. t. 19. figs. 1, 2.

Aster opsis pulvillus, Muller and Trosch. Ast.. 64, 128; Duben
and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 246.

Asterias gibbosa, Leach, MSS. B.M. 1817 (not Pennant).
Porania gibbosa. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840, 288 ; Jukes, Voy.
ii. App. 343.

Goniaster Templetoni, Thompson ; Forbes, Wern. Mem. iv. 118.

t. 4. figs. 1, 2 ; Brit. Starf. 122. fig.

Asterias equestris?, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 237.

Ast. irregularis, Fleming, Brit. Anim. 486 ; not Penn.

a, b. Adult. Plymouth Sound. Presented by W. E. Leach,
M.D.

c. Half-grown. Arran. Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D.

d , e, g, h. Half-grown.

i. Douglas Bay, Isle of Man. Presented by J. R. Wallace,
Esq.

3. Asterina.

Asterina, Nardo, Isis 1834; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i.
442 ; Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1840, 289 ; Forbes,
Wern. Mem. viii. 120.

Asteriscus, sp. Muller and Troschel, Ast. 39.

BRITISH RADIATA.

23

1. Asterina gibbosa.

Pentaceros plicatus, Linck , t. 36. fig. 62 ; Borlase, Cornw . 260.
t. 25. figs. 25, 26.

Stellula bibernica glabra, Pet. Gaz. t. 16. fig. 8.

Asterias gibbosa, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 62. fig. 59 ; Fleming , Brit.
Anim. 486.

Asterina gibbosa, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 120.

Asteriscus verruculatus part., Muller and Trosch. Ast. 41.

Ast. verruculatus, Retz. Diss. 12.

Ast. membranaceus, Grube, 26.

? Ast. exigua, Lamk. ii. 554, 2nd edit. iii. 241 ; Cliiaje, Mem.
t. 18. fig. 1.

Ast. minuta, Blainv. Man. Act. 238.

Asterina minuta, Nardo ; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 442.
A. stellata obtusa ciliata, Linn. F. Suec. 2112.

A. pulchella, Blainv. F. France, t. ; Man. Act. t. 22. fig. 8.
a, b, c, d, e . Plymouth Sound. Presented by W. E. Leach,
M.D.

Order II. OPHIUMDA.

Ophiurida, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 119, 117.

Ophiurse, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 1838, 442; Forbes,
Wern. Mem. viii. ; Duben and Koren, Bidr. 232.

Ophiuridse, Muller and Trosch. Ast. 79.

Ophiura, Lamk. Syst. 351, 1801 ; Fleming, Brit. Anim. 488 ;
Batch, 1779.

Asterophidea, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 223.

1. Ophiolepis.

Ophiolepis, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 89, 1842; Duben and
Koren , Zool. Bidrag. 234, 1847.

Ophiocoma, sp. Forbes, Brit. Starf. 35.

Ophiura, sp. Lamk. Hist. iii. 546; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat .

Hist. i. 442, 1838.

Asterias, sp. Muller, Zool. Dan.

1. Ophiolepis ciliata.

Asterias Ophiura, Muller, Zool. Dan. Prod. 235, 2840.

Asterias ciliata, Retz. Diss. 29.

Ophiolepis ciliata, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 91.

Stella lacertosa, Linck, 47. t. 2. fig. 4.

A. lacertosa, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 63.

? Ophiura lacertosa, Lamk. Syst. 351.

Ophiura texturata, Lam. Hist. ii. 542, 2nd edit. iii. 221 ; Blainv.
Man. Act. 243; Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii, 125. t. 4. figs. 3, 4;
Brit. Starf. 22. fig.

24

BRITISH RADIATA.

O. bracteata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 488; Johnst , Mag. Nat. Hist.
viii. 465. fig. 41.

O. Aurora, Risso, Europ. Merid. v. 273. fig. 29.

O. arenosa, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. 58.

Asterias cordifera, Chiaje, Mem. t. 20. fig. 12.

a, b, c, d. Dover. Presented by — Tennant, Esq.

, e,f, g. Dover. Presented by H. Ball, Esq.

h, i,j, k, l. Frith of* Forth. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

2. Ophiolepis albida.

Ophiura albida, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 125. t. 4. fig. 586 ;
Brit. Starf. 27. fig.

Ophiura texturata, var. minor albida, Lam. Hist. ii. 542, 2nd edit,
iii. 221.

Ophiolepis eiliata minor, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 91.

O. texturata, var. Brit. Collections.

a, b. Frith of Forth. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

3. Ophiolepis elegans.

Ophiura elegans, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. 57, 1815.

Ophiura neglecta, Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. 467. fig. 42 ;
Lain. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 226.

Ophiocoma neglecta, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 126. t. 4. fig. 7 ;
Brit. Starf. 30. fig.

Asterias squamata, Chiaje, Mem. t. 34. fig. 1 ; not Lamk.
Ophiolepis squamata, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 92.

Oph. moniliformis, Grube, 18 (1840).

a, b. Shetland. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

4. Ophiolepis punctata.

Ophiocoma punctata, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 37. fig.

Ophiolepis punctata, Muller and Troschel, Ast . 92.
a. Anstruther. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

5. Ophiolepis filiformis.

Asterias filiformis, Muller, Zool. Dan. 2843 ; Zool. Dan. 1. 122.

fig-1-3-

Ophiura filiformis, Lam. Hist. ii. 546, 2nd edit. ii. 236 ; Blainv.
Man. Act. 244.

Ophiocoma filiformis, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 40. fig.

Ophiolepis filiformis, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 94 ; Duben and
Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 234.

a. Frith of Clyde. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

b, c. Frith of Clyde.

d. Frith of Forth. Presented by A. G. Melville, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

25

2. Ophiopholis.

Ophiopholis, Mull, and Trosch. Ast. 96.

1. Ophiopholis aculeata.

Beilis scolopendroides, Linck, t. 40. fig. 71-

Ophiura bellis, Edinb. Phil. Journ. viii. 298 ; Flem. Brit. Anim.

488, 1828 ; Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. 595. fig. 66.
Ophiocoma bellis, Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 226 ; Brit. St. 53. fig.
Asterias aculeata, Retz. Vetersk. Akad. iv. 240; Dissert. 32;

Mull. Prod. 2841 ; Zool. Dan. iii. 29. t. 99 ; Gmel. S. N. 3166.
Ophiura Flemingii, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. 56, 1815.

O. Ammothasa, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. 57- t. 79. figs. 1, 2.
Asterias Ophiura, 0. Fab. Faun. Green. 371.

Ophiolepis (Ophiopholis) scolopendrica, Mull, fy Trosch. Ast. 96.

a. Isle of Man. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

b, c, d, e. Shetland and Orkney. W. E. Leach, M.D.

2. Ophiopholis brachiata.

Asterias brachiata, Montague, Linn. Trans, vii. 84.

Ophiura brachiata, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. 57 ; Flem. Brit. Anim.

488 ; Blainv. Man. Act. 243.

Ophiocoma brachiata, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 45. fig.

Ophiolepis (Ophiopholis) brachiata, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 96.
O. filiformis, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist.

a, b, c, d. Devonshire, G. Montague, Esq.

3. Ophiopholis Ballii.

Ophiocoma Ballii, Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 99 (1840) ;
Forbes, Brit. Starf. 35. fig.

Ophiolepis Ballii, Duben and Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 234.
Ophiolepis (Ophiopholis) Ballii, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 97.
Ophiura squamata, Grube, 17 (1840).

Inhab. Ireland.

4. Ophiopholis Goodsiri.

Ophiocoma Goodsiri, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 57. fig. ; Muller and
Troschel, Ast. 97. %

a. Broken. Anstruther, North Britain. Presented by E.
Forbes, Esq.

3. Ophiocoma.

Ophiocoma, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 98.

Ophiocoma, sp. Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 442 ; Forbes,
Wern. Mem. viii. 127 ; Brit. Starf. 56 ; Duben and Koren, 234.
Ophiura j3, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx.

Ophiura, sp. Lamk. Hist. iii. 1816 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 1828.

B

26

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Ophiocoma nigra.

Stella scolopendroides, Linck.

Stella scolopendroides granulata, Linck , 50. t. 26. f. 43, cop. E.M.
t. 124. figs. 2, 3.

Opliiura granulata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 488 ; Johnst. Mag. Nat.

Hist. lx. 595. fig. 67 ; Blainv. Man. Act. 243.

Ophiocoma granulata, Forbes, Wern.Mem. viii. 127 ; Brit. Starf.

50. fig.

Asterias nigra, Muller, Zool. Dan. iii. 20. t. 93. figs. 1-4 ; Gmel.
S. N. 3168.

Ophiocoma nigra, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 100; Duben and
Keren, Zool. Bidrag. 234.

Ophiura echinata, Lam. Hist. ii. 543, 2nd edit. iii. 223.
Ophiocoma echinata, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 442.

Ast. tricolor, Retz. Diss.

Oph. spluerulata, Nilson.

Oph. Nilsonii, Muller and Troschel , Ast. 100.
a, b, c. Devonshire.

d, e. Plymouth Sound. W. E. Leach, M.D.

4. Ophiothrix.

Ophiothrix, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 109 ; Duben and Koren,
Zool. Bidrag. 238, 1840.

Ophiocoma, sp. Forbes, Wern. Trans, viii. 127 ; Brit. Starf. 60.

1. Ophiothrix fragilis.

Stella echinata. Rondel, Ins. 123.

Rosula scolopendroides, Linck, t. 37. fig. 65. t. 26. fig. 42, cop.

E.M. t. 123. figs. 6, 7 ; Borlase, Cornw. t. 25. figs. 19, 24.
Ophiura vulgaris, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. 54 (1815).

Ophiura Rosula, Flem. Brit. Anim. 489 (1828); Johnst. Mag.
Nat. Hist. ix. 231. fig. 26; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1836,
237. fig. 30.

Ophiocoma Rosula, Forbes, Wern. Trans, viii. 127 ; Brit. Starf.
60. fig.

Ast. fragilis, Abild. Zool. Dan. iii. 28. t. 98 ; Gmel. S. N. 3168.
Ophiura fragilis, Lamk. Hist. ii. 546 ; Gravenh. Tergestina, 104 ;
Blainv. Man. Act. 244.

Ophiothrix fragilis, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 110; Duben and
Koren, Zool. Bidrag. 238.

Asterias pentaphylla, Penn. Brit. Zool.

A. varia, Penn. Brit. Zool.

A. aculeata, Penn. Brit. Zool.

A. pentagona, Chiaje, Mem. iii. 76. t. 34. fig. 15.

BRITISH RADIATA.

27

A. Cuvieri, Chiaje, Mem. iii. 76. t. 34. fig. 17-
A. hastata, Penn. Brit. Zool.

A. fissa, Penn. Brit. Zool.

A. nigra, Penn. Brit. Zool.

0. spinulosa, Risso , Bur. Merid. 272. t. 6. fig. 30.

«, b, c, d. S. Devon. W. E. Leach, M.D.

e. Frith of Forth. W. E. Leach, M.D.

f. g,h. Falmouth. W. Cocks, Esq.
i,j. Torbay. W. E. Leach, M.D.

2. Ophiothrix minuta.

Stella hirsuta, &c., Linclc, 50?.

Asterias minuta, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 63. n. 61 ?.

Ophiocoma minuta, Forbes , Wern. Mem. viii. 127- t. 4. fig. 8;
Brit. Starf. 65. fig.

Ophiothrix fragilis, jun., Muller and Troschel , Ast. 110.
a. Isle of Man. Presented by E. Forbes, Esq.

5. Astrophyton.

Euryale, LamJc. Ext. du cour , 35, 1812, no character ; Agassiz ,
Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 443, 1838.

Euryale sp., LamJc. Hist. A. s. Vert. iii. 1816.

Euryale J3, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 227.

Gorgonocephalus, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. 51, 1815.

Astrophyton, Linclc, De Stellis Mar. ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 489,
1828; Muller and Troschel, Ast. 121 ; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 67.
Asterias, sp. Linn. Syst. Nat.

Ophiura /3, LamJc. Syst. 350, 1801.

1. Astrophyton arborescens.

Astrophyton scutatum, LincJc, t. 19. fig. 48; Flem. Brit. Anim.

489 ; Forbes, Brit. Starf. 67. fig. ; not Agassiz nor LamJc.
Astrophyton Linckii, Muller and Troschel, Ast. 122.

Asterias caput medusae, Linn. S. N. 1101 ; Muller, Zool. Dan .

Prod. n. 2844 ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, 149.

Ophiura caput medusae, LamJc. Syst. 351.

A. arborescens, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 67. n. 73.

Euryale scutatum, Blainv. Man. Act. 246?.

Inhab. North Sea.

Order III. CRINOIDEA.

Crinoidea, Muller, Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 443, 1838 ;

Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 118; Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii,
Asterencrinea, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 228, 1830.

Pinnigrada, Forbes, Brit. Starf. 14.

Pinnigradastella, Austen, Ann. fy Mag. N. H. x.

b 2

28

BRITISH RADIATA.

Fam. 1. Pentacrinitid^e.

Pentacrinitidoe, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 119.

1. Antedon.

Antedon, Fremenville , Bui. Soc. Phil. ii. 349, Oct. 1811.

Alecto, Leacli, Zool. Misc. 61, 1815; not Lamx. 1821; Muller,
Bericlit Akad. Berlin, 1841, 179.

Coraatula, Lamk . 1816; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 229; Flem.
B. A. 490; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. N. H. i. 443; Gray, Ann.
Phil, xxviii. 392.

Comatule, Lamk. 1812 (no char.).

Decameros, Linck, Stellis, 55.

Asterocoma, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 229, 1830.

Phytocrinus, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 236, 1830 ; Agassiz, Prod .

Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 444, junior.

Pentacrinus, J. V. Thompson, Mem.

1. Antedon decameros.

Stella decameros rosacea, Linck, 55. t. 37. f. 66, cop. E. M. t.
Stella decameros barbata, Linck, t. 37. f. 65.

Asterias bifida, Penn. Brit. Zool. 65. n. 70.

A. decameros, Penn. Brit. Zool. 66. t. 33. f. 71.

A. pectinata, Adams, Linn. Trans, v. 10.

Alecto europsea, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. 62, 1821 ; Mull. Bericht
Akad. Berl. 1841, 182.

Comatula mediterranea, Lam. H. ii. 535, ed. 2. iii. 210; Sars,
Besk. 40. t. 8. f. 19.

C. rosacea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 490 ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 229;
Man. Act. 248 ; Forbes, Wern. Mem. viii. 128 ; Brit. Starf. 5.
figs. 5, 8,11 & 18.

C. barbata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 490 ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 229.
C. fimbriata, Muller, Crinoidea, 132. t. 1.

Young, attached, Forbes, l. c. fig. 11.

Pentacrinus europaeus, Thomp. Mem. Pent. t. 1, 2; Edin. Phil.
Journ. xx. 35. t. 2; Flem. Brit. Anim. 490; Buckland, Bridg.
Tr. t. 52. fig. 2.

Phytocrinus europaeus, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 236 ; Man. Act.
255. t. 27- figs. 1, 2; Agassiz, Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 444.

a. In spirits. Adult. British ocean.

b. Three young, dry, on paper. Cork, J. V. Thompson. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. d, e. Adult. Plymouth Sound. W. E. Leach, M.D.
f. Adult.

2. Gynameda.

Gvnameda, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, 15; Agassiz, Prod. Ann.
‘Nat. Hist. i. 444.

BRITISH RADIATA.

29

!. Gynameda pulchella.

Gynameda pulchella. Gray, Proc . Zool. Soc. 1834, 15; Agassiz ,
Prod. Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 444.
a. Kent.

Sect. II. LEIODERMA.

Class III. ACALEPHA.

Radiaires molasses, Lamk. Syst. 352, 1801 ; Hist. ii. 2nd edit,
iii. 1.

Arachnodermata, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. ; Man. Act. 266.
Zoophytes faux, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx.; Man. Act. 110.
Acalepha free, Flem. Brit. Anim. 472.

Acalepha libres and A. hydrostatique, Cuvier, R. A. iv. 54. 63.
Acalepha, Eschscholtz, System Acalephen, 1829, 4to.

Subclass I. PULMOGRADA.

Pulmograda, Blainv. Man. Act. 271.

Discophorae, Eschsch. Acal. Syst. 39.

Medusae, Linn. S. N.

Radiaires Medusaires, Lamk. Plist. 2nd edit. iii. 111.

Order I. PHANEROCARPiE.

Discophorae phanerocarpae, Eschsch. Syst. i. 41.

Hooded-eyed Pulmograde Medusae, Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc.
1846, 84.

Fam. 1. Rhizostomid^e.

Rhizostomidae, Eschsch. Syst. Acal. 42.

1. Rhizostoma.

Rhizostoma, Cuvier, Bull. Soc. Philom. n. 33, 69 ; Eschsch. Acal.
Syst. 45; Lamk. Syst. 354 (1801); Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv.
362.

Cepheae, sp. Lamk. Hist.

Ephyra, sp. Peron, l. c. 354.

1. Rhizostoma undulata.

Medusa undulata, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 58.

Rhizostoma undulata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 502.

R. Cuvieri, Lamk. Syst. 354; Esch. Acal. Syst. 45; Peron, Ann.

Mus. xiv. 362 ; Eysenh. N. Act. Acad. Leop. x. 377* t. 34.

R. Aldrovandi, Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 84.

30

BRITISH RADIATA.

Cephea Rhizostoma and C. Aldrovandi, Lamk . Hist. ii. 517 ; Bor -
lase , Cornw. 257. t. 25. fig. 15; Reaumur , Sci.

1710, 478. t. 11. figs. 27, 28.

Medusa palmo, Gmel. S. N. 3155.

M. octopus ft, GWZ. S'. N. 3155.

Lost its pedicel. Medusa simplex, Penn. Brit. Zool. from Borlase ,
Cornw. t. 25. figs. 13, 14.

Ephyra simplex, Penn. Ann. Mus. xiv. 354.

Inhab.

2. Cassiopea.

Cassiopea, Peron , .4^. Mws. xiv. 357 ; Lamk. Hist. ii. 512;

£?/$£. 42.

1. Cassiopea lunulata.

Cassiopea lunulata, Esch. 44 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 502 ; Forbes,
Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1846, 84.

Medusa lunulata, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 58 ; Borlase , Cornw. t. 25.
figs. 16, 17.

Cassiopea Borlasea, Peron , Ann. Mus. xiv. 357 ; Lamk. Hist. ii.
511.

M. octopus a, Gmel. S. N. ; Moodeer , ScAw. 1790, 12.

s. 159.

Inhab.

Fam. 2. Medusid^e.

Medusidae, .Esc^. Acal. Syst. 58 ; Gray , Syw. _BnY. M. 1842, 134.
1. Pelagia.

Pelagia, Peron , Jkfe. xiv. 349.

Diahaea, sp. Lamk. Hist. ii. 504.

1. Pelagia cyanella.

Medusa Pelagia, Loffling , Reise, s. 105 ; Lmw. S. AT. 1098.
Dianaea cyanella, Lamk. Hist. ii. 507.

D. denticulata, Lamk. Hist. ii. 507-

Pelagia denticulata, Peron , Mws. xiv. 507.

P. noctiluca, Chamisso in Choris Voy.pittor. i. 3. t. 2.

P. cyanella, Esch. 75. t. 6. fig. 1 ; Peron; Forbes , Rep. Brit. Assoc.
1846, 84.

Inhab. Cornwall, Mac Andrew and E. Forbes.

2. Pelagia .

Pelagia , Ann. Hat. Hist. xix. t. 9. fig. 5.

Inhab.

2. Chrysaora.

Chrysaora, Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv. 365 ; Esch. Acal. Syst. 78.
Cyanea, sp. Lamk. Hist. ii. 320.

BRITISH RADIATA.

31

1. Chrysaora hysoscella.

Medusa hysoscella, Linn. S. N. 1097 ; Gmel. S. N. 3153.

M. fusca, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 75.

Chrys. Lesueur, C. aspilonota, C. cyclonota, C. spelhelmigona,
C. spilogona, C. pleurophora, and C. macrogena, Per on, Ann.
Mus. xiv. 365.

Cyanea punctulata, &c., Lamk. Hist. ii. 520 ; Borlase , Cornw.
256. t 25. fig. 7.

M. fusca, Penn. ; Borlase, Cornw. 257. t. 25. fig. 11.

M. tuberculata, Penn.

Cyanea fusca and C. tuberculata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 501.
Chrysaora hysoscella, Esch. Acal. Syst. 79. t. 7. fig. 2; Forbes,
Rep. Brit . Assoc. 1846, 84.

Inhab.

3. Cyanea.

Cyanea, Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv. ; Esch. Acal. Syst. 67 ; Lamk.
Hist. ii.

1. Cyanea capillata.

Medusa capillata, Linn. F. Suec. n. 1286 ; Turton, B. F. 139.
Cyanea arctica, C. Baltica, C. borealis and C. Britannica, Lamk.
Hist. ii. ; Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv.; 6C Baster. Opusc. ii. 6. t. 3.
%. i.”

Cyanea capillata, Esch. 68 ; Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 84 ;

Flem. Brit. Anim. 501.

Inhab.

2. Cyanea Lamarckii.

Cyanea Lamarckii, Dicquemare, Journ. Phys. 1784, 451. t. 1;
Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv. 363; Lamk. Hist. ii. 518; Esch. Acal.
Syst. 71. t. 5. fig. 2; Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 84.
Inhab. North Sea.

4. Medusa.

Medusa, Linn. S. N.; Lamk. Syst. 353; Esch. Acal. Syst. 61.
Aurelia, Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv. 358; Lamk. Hist. ii. 513.
Cyanea, sp. Cuvier, Reg. Anim. iv. 56.

1. Medusa aurita.

Medusa aurita, Linn. F. Suec. n. 1287 ; Westgoth. 17 2. t. 3. fig. 2;
Lamk. Syst. 353; Forbes, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1846, 84; Muller,
Zool. Dan. ii. t. 76, 77*

Aurelia aurita, Lamk. Hist. ii. 513.

Cyanea aurita, Cuv. R. A. iv. 56; Flem. Brit. Anim. 501.

Aur. rosea, Peron.

Inhab.

32

BRITISH RADIATA.

2. Medusa cruciata.

Medusa cruciata, Baster. Opusc. i. 123. t. 14. figs. 3, 4 ; Forbes ,
Rep . Brit. Assoc. 1846, 84 ; Turton , Fauna , 139.

M. aurita part., Escli. Acal. Syst. 61.
lull at).

3. Medusa purpurata.

Medusa purpurata, Moodeer, 167.

M. purpurea, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 57 ; Borl . Cornw. 257 . t. 25.
figs. 9, 10.

Aurelia lineolata, Peron , l. c. 359.

A. radiolata, Lamk. Hist. ii. 511.

M. radiolata, Esch. Acal. Syst. 66.

Inhab.

4. Medusa Surirea.

Aurelia Surirea, Lamk. Hist. ii. 513.

A. Suriray, Peron , l. c. 357.

Medusa Surirea, Esch. Acal. Syst. 65.

Inhab. English Channel, Esch .

5. Medusa campanula.

Aurelia campanula, Lamk. Hist. ii. 513 ; Peron, 358.

Medusa campanula, Esch. Acal. Syst. 65.

Inhab. English Channel, Esch.

Order II. CRYPTO CARPAL

Discophorae cryptocarpae, Esch. Acal. Syst. 84 (1829).
Naked-eyed Pulmograde Medusae, Forbes , Rep. Brit. Assoc .
1846, 85.

Earn. 1. WiLLSiADiE.

Fam. 1. E. Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

1. Willsia.

Willsia, j E. Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

1. Willsia stellata.

Willsia stellata, Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Inhab. British Channel ; Scotland ; E. Forbes.

Fam. 2. Oceanid^e.

Oceanidae. Esch. Acal. Syst. 94.

1. Turris.

Turris, Lesson; Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Eirene, Esch. Acal. Syst. 94.

BRITISH RADIATA.

33

1. - Turris digitale.

Medusa digitale* 0. Fab. F. G. 366 ; Muller , Zool. Dan. Prod.
n. 2824.

Melicerta digitale, Peron , 352.

Dianaea digitale, Lamk. 507.

Eirene digitale, Esch. 95.

Turns digitale. Lesson ; Forbes , Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.
Inhab.

2. Turris coccinea.

Cyanea coccinea, Davis.

Turris neglecta, Lesson ; Forbes , Eej?. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.
Inhab.

2. Saphenia.

Saphenia, Esch. Acal. Syst. 93.

Dianaea, sp. Lamk. Hist. 505 ; Quoy and Gaim. Ann. Sci. Nat. x.
Geryonia, sp. Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv. 329.

Campanella, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Astrol. ? ; Blainv. Man. Act.
286.

1. Saphenia dinema.

Saphenia dinema, Esch. 93; Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.
Geryonia dinema, Peron, 329.

Dianaea dinema, Lamk. Hist. 505, 2nd edit. iii. 153.

Campanella dinema, Blainv. Man. Act. 286.

Inhab. Devon; Zetland.

3. Oceania.

Oceania, Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv. 505; Esch. Acal. Syst. 97.

Tiara, Lesson.

Dianaea, sp. Lamk. Hist. iii. 505.

1. Oceania octona.

Oceania octona, Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Geryonia octona, Flem. Brit. Anim. 501 ; Edinb. Phil. Journ. viii.

299.

Inhab.

2. Oceania phosphorica.

Oceania phosphorica, Peron, Ann. Mus. 344; Esch. Acal. Syst .

97 ; Blainv. Man. Act. 282. t. 33. fig. 3.

Dianaea phosphorica, Lamk. Hist. iii. 505, 2nd edit. iii. 155.
Inhab. English Channel, Esch.

3. Oceania diadema.

Oceania diadema, Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv. 346.

Dianaea diadema, Lamk. Hist. iii. 506.

Inhab. English Channel.

b 5

34

BRITISH RADIATA.

4. iEQUOREA.

iEquorea, Peron , Ann. Mus. xiv. 366 ; Esch. Acal. Syst. 109 ;
Lamk. Hist. ii. ed. 2. iii. 131 ; Forbes, Rep. Brit . Assoc. 1846,
85.

Foveolia, sp. Peron, Ann. Mus. 340.

1. iEQUOREA? octocostata.

iEquorea octocostata. Lesson; Forbes, l.c. 85.

Oceania octocostata, Sars, 24. t. 4. fig. 9 ; Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit.

iii. 164.

Melicertum campanulatum, Ehrenb., not Esch.

Thaumantias Milleri, Landsborough.

? Medusa iEquorea, Mull. Prod. n. 233 ? ; Jameson, Wern. Mem.

i. 558 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 500.

Inhab.

2. iEQUOREA stauroglypha.

iEquorea stauroglypha, Peron , Ann. Mus. 337 ; Lesueur, Voy .

1. 10. figs. 7,8,9; Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 137.

Inhab. English Channel, Lamk.

3. ^Equorea allantophora.

iEquorsea allantophora, Peron, Ann. Mus. 338 ; Lesueur, Voy.
t. 12. figs. 5, 9 ; Esch. Acal. Syst. Ill ; Blainv. Man. Act. 278 ;
Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 138.

Inhab. English Channel, Lamk.

5. Circe.

Circe, Mertens; Brandt, Mem. Petersb. 1838, 354. t. 1 ; Lamk.
Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 166 ; Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

1. Circe rosea.

Circe rosea, Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Inhab. Zetland.

6. Thaumantias.

Thaumantias, Esch. Acal. Syst. 102 ; Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit. iii.

161 ; Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Geryonia, sp. Flem. Brit. Anim.

1. Thaumantias hemisphserica.

Medusa hemisphserica, Linn. S. N. 1098 ; Gronov. Act. Helv.

iv. 38. t. 4. fig. 7 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. t. 7 ; Macartney, Phil.
Trans. 1810, 268. 1. 15. fig. 5 ; Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit. ii. 161.

Geryonia hemisphserica, Flem. Brit. Anim. 500.

Thaumantias hemisphserica, Esch. Acal. Syst. 103 ; Lamk. Hist.

2nd edit. iii. 161.

Inhab. British Seas.

BRITISH RADIATA.

35

2. Thaumantias cymbaloidea.

Medusa cymbaloidea. Slabber , Phys. Belus. S. 53. t. 12. figs. 1, 3;

Moodeer, l.c. n. 238 ; Ency. Method, t. 93. figs. 2, 4.

Diansea cymbaloidea, Lamk. Hist. ii. 508, 2nd edit. iii. 158.
Medusa campanella, Shaw , Misc. vi. t. 196.

Thaumantias cymbaloidea, Esch. Acal. Syst. 102 ; Lamk. Hist.

2nd edit. iii. 161 ; Blainv. Man. Act. 285.

Oceania? cymbaloidea. Per on, Hist. Med. 34.

Inhab. North Sea.

3. Thaumantias pileata.

Thaumantias pileata, E. Forbes , Ann . Nat. Hist . 1841, 85.
Inhab.

4. Thaumantias Thompsonii.

Thaumantias Thompsonii, E. Forbes , Ann. Nat. Hist. 1841, 85.
Inhab.

5. Thaumantias punctata.

Thaumantias punctata, E. Forbes , Ann. Nat. Hist. 1841, 85.
Inhab.

6. Thaumantias sarnica.

Thaumantias sarnica, E. Forbes , Ann. Nat. Hist. 1841, 85.
Inhab.

There are twelve other undescribed British species. — E. Forbes.
7- Slabberia.

Slabberia, Forbes , Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

1. Slabberia halterata.

Slabberia halterata, Forbes , Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Inhab. Coast of Cornwall, E. Forbes.

8. Geryonia.

Geryonia, Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv. ; Esch. Acal. Syst. 86 ; Forbes ,
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Orythia, sp. Peron, Ann. Mus. xiv.

1. Geryonia appendiculata.

Geryonia appendiculata, Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.
Inhab. British Channel.

2. Geryonia minima.

Medusa minima, Baster. Opusc. sub. ii. 62. t. 7- fig- 5 ; Moodeer,
l. c. 227.

Orythia minima, Peron, Ann. Mus. 328 ; Lesueur, Voy. t.3. fig. 2;
Lamk. Hist. ii. 503, 2nd edit. iii. 146.

36

BRITISH RADIATA.

Geryonia minima, Esch. Acal. Syst. 87 ; Blainv. Man. Act. 287.
Inhab. British Channel.

9. Tima.

Tima, Esch. Acal. Syst. 103; Lamk.Hist.ed.2. iii. 168; E. Forbes,
Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

1. Tima? Bairdii.

Tima? Bairdii, Johnst.; Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.
Inhab. East coast of Scotland.

10. Bugainvillia.

Bugainvillia, Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1836, t. 5; Forbes, Rep .
Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Hippocrene, Mertens MSS. ; Brandt, Mem. Petersb. 29 ; Lamk .
Hist. 2nd edit. ii. 151.

1. Bugainvillia Britannica.

Hippocrene Britannica, E. Forbes, Ann. N. H. 1841, 81 . t. 1 . f. 1 .
Inhab.

There are two other British species. — E. Forbes.

11. Lizzia.

Lizzia, E, Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Cytalis?, Esch. Acal. Syst. 104 ? ; Sars, Besk. 28 ; Lamk. Hist.
2nd edit. iii. 165.

1. Lizzia octopunctata.

Lizzia octopunctata, Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

Cytalis? octopunctata, Sars, Besk. ov. Polyp. 28. t. 6. fig. 14 ;

Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 166.

Inhab. Zetland Seas.

There are two other undescribed British species in the same seas.

- — E. Forbes, l. c. 85.

12. Moodeeria.

Moodeeria, E. Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

1. Moodeeria ?

Moodeeria , n. s., Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85,

Inhab. Hebrides, E. Forbes.

13. Sarsia.

Sarsia, Lesson; E. Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

There are four British species of this genus. — E. Forbes.

BRITISH RADIATA.

37

14. Steenstrupia.

Steenstrupia, E. Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1846, 85.

There are three British species of this genus. — E. Forbes.

15. Eulimena.

Eulimena, Flem. Edinb. Phil. Journ. viii. 302.

1. Eulimena quadrangularis.

Eulimena quadrangularis, Flem. Edinb. Phil. Journ. viii. 302 ;

Brit. Anim. 500.

Inhah.

Subclass II. ANOMALA.

Radiaires anomales, Lamk. Hist. ii. 457, 459, ed. 2. iii. 10.

Order III. CILIOGRADiE.

Ciliogradse, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 134.

Ciliogrades, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. ; Man. Act. 143.
Ciliobranches, Blainv. Man. Act. 110.

Ctenophora, Esch. Acal. Syst. 21.

Fam. 1. Beroid^e.

Beroidse, Esch. Acal. Syst. 35; Gray, Syn. B. M. 1842, 134.
Beroides part., Lamk . Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 48.

1. Beroe.

Beroe, Browne, Jam. ; 0. Muller, Zool. Dan. ; Esch . Acal. Syst.
35.

Beroe, sp. Lamk. Hist. ii. 468, 2nd edit. iii. 49.

Idya, Lesson.

1. Beroe cucumis.

Beroe cucumis, O. Fab. F. Green. 361 ? ; Flem. B. A. 503 ; Esch.

Acal. Syst. 36; Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. iii. 51 ; Sars, Besk. Pol. 30.
B. fulgens, Macartney, Phil. Trans. 1810, 364. t. 15. figs. 1-8.
Inhab. North Sea.

2. Beroe ?

Beroe?, Fleming, Brit. Anim. 504.

Patella, Cordiner, Rem. Ruins, n. 11. fig. g, G.

Inhab.

38

BRITISH RADIATA.

3. Be roe borealis.

Idya ■, n. s., Fremenville, N. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1809, 239. fig. ;

Flem. Mem . Roy. Soc. Edinb. iii. 400. t. 38. figs. 3, 4.

Idya borealis, Lesson; Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 51.

Beroe?, Esch. Acal. Syst. 38.

Xnhab. North Sea.

Fam. 2. Callianirid^e.

Callianiridae, Esch. Acal. Syst. 21 ; Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842 ;
Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 32.

1. Cydippe.

Cydippe, Esch. Acal. Syst. 25; Lesson, Ann. Sci . Nat. 1836, v.

256 ; Lamk. Hist. A. s. V. 2nd edit. iii. 35.

Eucharis, Peron, Ann. Mus.

Pleurobranchaea, Flem. Phil. Zool. 612.

Pleurobranchia, Flem. Brit. Anim. 1828.

Eschscholtzia, Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1836.

Mertensia, Lesson, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1836.

1. Cydippe pileus.

Volvax bicaudatus, Linn. S. N. 1325.

Beroe pileus, Muller, Prod. n. 2817 ; Lamk. Hist. ii. 470; Cuv .

R. A. iv. 59 ; Scoresby, Arct. Reg. i. 549. t. 16. fig. 4.

Medusa pileus, Gmelin, S. N. 3152.

Cydippe pileus, Esch. Acal. Syst. 24 ; Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit. iii.
36.

Pleurobranchia pileus, Flem. Brit. Anim. 504.

Beroe lsevigatus, Moodeer; Gronov.Act.Helv.iv.36. t.4. figs. 1-6;

j Easter. Opusc. 124. t. 14. figs. 6, 7.

Inliab. British Channel.

2. Cydippe infundibulum.

Volvox Beroe, Linn. S. N. 1324.

Beroe infundibulum, Muller, Prod. n. 2816; Moodeer, N. A.

Schw. Akad. 1790, 11.

Medusa infundibulum, Gmel. S. N. 3152.

Cydippe infundibulum, Esch. Acal. 26 ; Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit,
iii. 37.

Beroe ovata, Bast. Opusc. i. 123. 1. 14. fig. 5; Lamk. Hist. ii. 469.
Beroe ovatus, Flem. Brit. Anim. 502.

Beroe, Flem. Wern. Mem. iii. 401. t. 18. figs. 3, 4 ; Ellis, Phil.

Trans, lix. 144.

Inhab. Firth of Tay.

BRITISH RADIATA.

39

3. Cydippe pomiformis.

Cydippe pomiformis, Paterson , Trans . Roy. Irish Acad. xix. 91 . t.
Inhab. Coast of Ireland.

2. Bolina.

Bolina, Paterson , Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. xix. 91.

1. Bolina hibernica.

Bolina hibernica, Paterson , Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. xix. t. 2. fig.
Inhab. Coast of Ireland.

Order IV. PHYSOGRADiE.

Physogradae, Gray , Mws. 1842.

Physogrades and Diphyes, Blainv. D. S. N. lx. ; Man. Act. 111.

Fam. 1. Divliyidje.

Diphyidae, Esch. Acal. Syst. 122.

Diphyides, LamJc. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 65.

Diphyes, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. ; Man. Act. 125.

1. Diphyes.

Diphes, Cuvier , R. A. ; Esch. Acal. Syst. 135.

Dagysa, Solander.

1. Diphyes campanulifera ?

Diphyes campanulifera, Esch. Acal. Syst. 13 7 ; Lamlc. Hist. 2nd
edit. iii. 76.

D. Bory, Quoy and Gaim. Ann. Sci. Nat. x. 1. 1. figs. 1, 7 ; Voy.
Astrol. 83. t. 4. figs. 1-6 ; Blainv. Man. Act. 135. t. 5. fig. 1 ;
Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1841, 164.

Inhab.

Fam. 2. Physophorid^e.

Physogrades, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. ; Man. Act. 111.
Physophoridae, Esch. Acal. Syst. 139 ; Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus.
1842, 134.

Physophorides, LamJc. Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 73.

1. Arethusa.

Arethusa, Browne, Jam. 386.

Physalia, Lamlc. Syst. 1801, 356; Hist. ii. 2nd edit. iii. 89.
Thalia, Brug. Ency. Meth. t. 89.

Urtica marina, Sloane,Jam. i. 7-
Holothuria, sp. Linn.

Cystisoma, Lesson.

Physophora, Moodeer.

40

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Arethusa ?

Physalis, Thompson , Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
Inhab. Coast of Ireland, W. Thompson.

Order V. CHONDROGRADiE,

Chondrogrades, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. ; Man. Act. 110.
Cliondrogradse, Gray , Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 134.
Cirrhigrades, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. ; Man. Act. 303.
Velellidae, Esch. Acal. Syst. 165.

Physophorides part., Lamk. Hist . 2nd edit. iii. 73.

Fam. 1. Yelellidae.

Velellidse, Esch. Acal. Syst. 165; Gray , Syn. B.M. 1842, 134.
Cirrhigrades, Blainv. Man. Act. 303.

1. Aglaura.

Aglaura, Oken, Lehrb. 125, 1815.

Velella, sp. Flem. Brit. Anim. 500.

Rataria, Esch. Acal. Syst. 166 (1829).

1. Aglaura pocillum.

Medusa pocillum, Mont. Linn. Trans, xi. 1. 14. fig. 4 ; Isis , 1817,
483. t. 3. fig. 4.

Rataria pocillum, Esch. Acal. Syst. 168 ; Lamk. Hist. 2nd edit,
iii. 97-

Yelella pocillum, Flem. Brit. Anim. 500.

Aglaura crista, Oken, Naturg. 135.

Inhab. Devonshire.

2. Phyllodoce.

Phyllodoce, Browne , Jam. 387 ; Moodeer , not Salisbury.
Yelella, Lamk. Syst. (1801), 355; Hist. 2nd edit. iii. 99; Peron,
Ann. Nat. Hist. ; Esch. Acal. Syst. 168.

1. Phyllodoce vulgaris.

Velella vulgaris, Leach, MSS. Brit. Mus. 1819.

Y. limbosa, Lamk A ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 500.

Y. aurora, Esch. Acal. Syst. YJ\.

? Holothuria spirans, Forsk. ; Penn , Light. FI. Scot. i. 66.

? Medusa Yelella, Linn. S. N. 1098? ; Walker, MSS. 1771.

? Phyllodoce Yelella, Moodeer.

BRITISH RADIATA.

41

? Velella mutica, Lamk. Syst. 355.

V. Scaphidia, Peron.

a , b, c, d, e. In spirits. Barnstable,. S. Devon, Rev. I.
Henslow.

Class IV. ZOOPHYTA.

Zoophyta, Gray , Syn. Brit. Mus. 1838, 128 ; 1842, 134.
Anthozoa, Ehrenberg, Corail. Roth. Meer. 31 ; Johnst. Zooph. 3.
Radiated Zoophytes, Johnst. Mag. Zool. and Bot. i. 447.

Polypi, Owen, Lectures, 81.

Polypes, Jones, Anim. Kingd. 17. 50.

Order I. ZOANTHARIA.

Zoantha, Blainv. Man. 308, 1834.

Zoocorallia polyactinia, Elirenb. Cor all. 31.

Les Zoantaires, Audouin and M. Edwards in Lam. Anim. s. Vert.
ii. 106, 1836.

Zoophyta helianthoida, Johnst. in Mag. Zool. fy Bot. i. 448, 18 ?
Zoantharia, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 1830 ; J. E. Gray in Syn.
Brit. Mus. 129.

Anthozoa helianthoida, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 180.

Suborder I. GYNOSOMATA.*

Fam. 1. Actiniad^:.

Actinia, Linn. Syst. 1088; Soland. Zooph. 1.

Les Actinies, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 291.

Actiniadse, J. E. Gray in Syn. Brit. Mus. 134 ; Johnston, Hist.
Brit. Zooph. p. 203, 2nd edit.

Zoanthaires mous ou Actiniens, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 1830,
285; Man. Act . 1834.

Actinina, Ehrenberg, Corall. des Roth. Meer. p. 31 ; Johnston,
Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 202, 2nd edit.

1. Capnea.

Capnea, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 203.

Kapnea, E. Forbes, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1841, 81.

1. Capnea sanguinea.

Kapnea sanguinea, Forbes in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 82.

pi. 1. fig. 1 . a, b, c, d ; Reports Ray Soc. 379.

Capnea sanguinea, Johnston, Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 203.
fig. 43.

42

BRITISH RADIATA.

2. CoRYNACTIS.

Corynactis, Allman , Ann. Nat. Hist. xvii. 417.

1. Corynactis viridis.

Corynactis viridis, Allman in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xvii. 417-
pi. 11; Johnston , Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 205. t. 35.
figs. 10, 11.

Actinia Iris, Muller , Zool. Ban. iii. 3. t. 82. figs. 5, 6 ?

Inliab. Cork.

2. Corynactis Allmani.

Corynactis Allmani, Thompson ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit.

474. fig. 85.

Inhab. Belfast Bay.

3. Actinia.

Actinia, Linn.

Priapus, Linn. 10th edit. ; Forsk.

Zoantlies, sp. Cuv. Tahl. Elem. 1797, 053.

1. Actinia mesembryanthemum.

La plus petite des Orties de mer. Rondel. Poiss. 380 (quoad fig.).
Ortie de mer, Reaumur in Mem. de V Acad. Roy. des Sciences ,
1710, pi. 10. fig. 22.

Priapus equinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th edit. 656.

Hydra disciflora, Gcertner, Phil. Trans. Iii. 83. pi. 1. fig. 5;
Phil. Trans, ahridg. xi. 529.

Actinia equina, Linn. Syst. 1088; Dicquemare in Phil. Trans.
lxiii. 364. pi. 10. figs. 1-7 ; Muller , Zool. Ban. Prod. 231 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 497 ; Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 292 ; Johnston
in Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 243; Balyell, Edinb. New Phil. Journ.
xvii. 411, Proc. Brit. Assoc. 1834, 599 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat.
Hist. ix. 303.

Act. mesembryanthemum, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 4 ; Encycl.
Meth. Vers, pi. 73. fig. 3; Turt. Brit. Faun. 131; Rapp ,
Polyp. 52. t. 2. fig. 1; Johnston, Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. 81.
fig. 12; Grube, Actin. 10; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 31 ; Corn.
Faun. iii. 74. pi. 14. fig. 1 ; Hassall, Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. vii. 285; Johnston, Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 211.
fig. 45. t. 36. figs. 1-3.

Act. hemisphserica, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 104; Berk. Syn. i. 186;
Hogg’s Stock. 30.

Act. rufa, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 105; Jameson, Wern. Mem.
i. 558; Stew. Elem. i. 393; Roget, Bridgw. Treat, i. 198.
figs. 86, 87.

Act. corallina, Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 285.

BRITISH RADIATA.

43

Common Actinia, Buckland, Bridgw. Treat . ii. 89. pi. 54. fig. 4.
Small red Sea Nettle, Wallis , Hist, of Northumb. i.

Hydra mesembryanthemum, Stew. Elem. ii. 451.

Entacmaea mesembryanthemum, Ehrenb. Corail. R. M. 36??
Inhab. Coast of England.

2. Actinia margaritifera.

Actinia margaritifera, Templeton , Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 304. fig. 50 ;

Johnston , Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 213. fig. 46.

Inhab. Copeland Island.

3. Actinia Chiococca.

Actinia Chiococca, Johnston , Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 214.

t. 36. figs. 4-6.

Inhab. Cornwall.

4. Actinia chrysosplenium.

Actinia chrysosplenium, Johnston , Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit,
p. 215. t. 37. figs. 1-3.

Inhab. St. Ives.

5. Actinia coccinea.

Actinia coccinea, Mull. Zool. Han. Prod. 231. no. 2792; Zool.
Dan. ii. 30. t. 63. figs. 1-3 ; cop. Encyclop. Method. Vers,
pi. 72. figs. 1-3; Turt. Gmel. iv. 101; Bose , Vers , ii. 255;
Lam. Anim. s. Vert. iii. 68, 2nd edit. iii. 407 ; Johnston , Hist.
Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 215.

A. crassicornis jun., Johnston , Brit. Zooph. 1st edit.

Inhab. Coast of Ireland.

6. Actinia viduata.

Actinia viduata. Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 231. no. 2799; Zool.
Dan. ii. 31. pi. 63. figs. 6-8; cop. Encyclop. Method, t. 72.
figs. 4, 5; Turt. Gmel. iv. 101 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. iii. 68,
2nd edit. iii. 407 ; Bose, Vers, ii. 256 ; W. Thompson, Ann. Sf
Mag. N. Hist. vii. 481 ; Johnston, Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit,
p. 215.

Isacmaea viduata, Ehrenb. Corall. 34.

Inhab. Ireland.

7- Actinia Troglodytes.

Actinia viduata, Johnston, Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. 82. fig. 13 ; E.

Forbes in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 48.

Act. mesembryanthemum var. ft, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 211.

Act. viduata. Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 31 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 73-
Act. Troglodytes, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 216. f. 47.
Inhab. Berwick Bay.

44

BRITISH RADIATA.

8. Actinia alba.

Actinia alba, Johnston, Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 217. pi. 37-
figs. 4-7.

Inhab. Cornwall.

9. Actinia anguicoma.

Actinia anguicoma, Price, MSS.; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.

2nd edit. p. 219. fig. 48. t. 37. figs. 8, 9.

Inhab. Bangor.

10. Actinia intestinalis.

Actinia intestinalis, Fabr. Faun. Groenl. 350. no. 342. pi. 1. fig. 11 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 498 ; Johnston, Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit,
p. 219. fig. 49.

Inhab. Zetland.

11. Actinia chrysantliellum.

Actinia chrysanthellum, Johnst. Hist. Br. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 221 .

t. 37. -figs. 10-15.

Inhab. Cornwall.

12. Actinia biserialis.

Actinia biserialis, Forbes, Ann. N. H. v. 182. pi. 3 ; Johnston, Hist.

Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 221. t. 38. fig. 1.

Inhab. Guernsey.

13. Actinia vermicularis.

Actinia vermicularis, Forbes, MSS. ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.

2nd edit. p. 222. t. 38. figs. 2-5.

Inhab. Zetland.

14. Actinia cylindrica.

Actinia cylindrica, Reid, Ann. N.H. 1848, 34. t. 6. figs. 21, 22.
Inhab. St. Andrew’s Bay.

4. Cereus.

Cereus, Oken, Lehrb. 1815.

Anthea, Johnston, Brit. Zooph. 1st edit. 1838.

Anemonia, Risso, Fur. Merid. 1826.

Actinocereus, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 1830.

1. Cereus sulcata.

Urtica cinerea, Rondel. Poiss. 381.

Hydra tentaculis, &c., Gcertner, Phil. Trans, lii. 78. t. 1. fig. 1 ;
Phil. Trans, abridg. xi. 526.

Actinia Cereus, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 2 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 103 ;
Turt. Brit. Faun. 131 ; Rapp, Polyp. 56. t. 2. fig. 3; Grube,
Actin. 11.

BRITISH RADIATA.

45

Act. sulcata, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 102; Berk. Syn. i. 186; Stew.
Elem. i. 394 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 498 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert.
iii. 69; Encyclop. Method. Vers, pi. 73. fig. 12; Bose, Vers,
ii. 257.

Actinocereus sulcatus, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 194 (1830).
Hydra Cereus, Gmelin, S. N. 3867 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 451.

Anthea Cereus, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 221 ; W. Thompson, Ann. fy
Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 481 ; Hassall, ibid. vii. 286 ; Couch, Zooph.
Cornw. 34; Corn. Faun. iii. 81. pi. 14. fig. 2; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 240. t. 44.

Inbab. Cornwall.

2. Cereus edulis.

Anemonia edulis, Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 289.

Actinia Tuedise, Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 163. fig. 58, and in
Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 246.

Anthea Tuedise, Johnst. Brit. Zoojjh. 221 ; Landsborough in
Scot. Christ. Herald for April 1840, p.243; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 242. fig. 53.

Inhab. Berwickshire.

5. Cribrina.

Cribrina, Ehrenb. Roth. Meer. 40, 1834.

Actinocereus, sp. Blainv. D. S. N. lx. 193, 1830.

Zoanthes, sp. Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 653, 1797-
Actinoloba, sp. Blainv. D. S. N. lx. 288, 1830.

1. Cribrina gemmacea.

Ortie de mer, Reaumur in Mem. de VAcad. Roy. des Sci. 1710,
pi. 10. figs. 21, 23, 26.

Hydra diseifiora, Gcertner, Phil. Trans. Iii. 82. t. 1. fig. 4; cop.
Encyclop. Method. Vers, pi. 70. fig. 4 ; Phil. Trans, abridg.
xi. 529.

Hydra gemmacea, Stew. Elem. ii. 451.

Actinia gemmacea, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 3 ; Turt. Gmel. iv.
104 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 131 ; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 558;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 223. t. 37. figs. 6-9.

Act. verrucosa, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 103; Berk. Syn. i. 186;
Lam. Anim. s. Vert. iii. 70; Stark, Elem. ii. 412; Rapp’s
Polyp. 50.

Act. glandulosa, Bose, Vers, ii. 259 ; Rapp’s Polyp. 52.
Actinocereus sessilis, Blainv. Diet. S. N. 1830, lx. 193.

Cribrina verrucosa, Ehrenb. Corail. 40.

Inbab. Cornwall.

46

BRITISH RADIATA.

2. Cribrina monile.

Actinia monile, Templeton , Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 303. fig. 49 ;

Joknst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 224. fig. 51.

Inhab. Belfast.

3. Cribrina coriacea.

L’Actinie coriace, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 291.

Actinia coriacea, Rapp , Polyp. 51. t. 1. figs. 3, 4; Teale, Trans.
Leeds Soc. i. 91. pi. 9, 10, 11; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
2nd edit. p. 224. t. 39. figs. 1, 2.

Act. senilis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 498.

Act. gemmacea, var. /3, Johnst. Brit. Zooph , 213. pi. 27 ; Couch ,
Corn. Faun. iii. 76.

Cribrina coriacea, Ehrenb. Cor all. 40.

Act. digitata. Mull. Zool. Dan. iv. 16. t. 133?

Act. monile, Cocks.

Act. troglodytes, Couch.

Act. bellis, Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 76.

Inliab. Cornwall.

4. Cribrina crassicornis.

L’Ortie rouge, Rondel. Poiss. i. 381-382.

Priapus sive Actinia proboscidibus crassis rotundis, Bast. Opusc.

subsec. i. lib. iii. 143. t. 13. fig. 1 .

Act. felina, Linn. Syst. 1088 ; Barbut, Gen. Verm. 53. t. 5. fig. 6.
Act. senilis, Dicquemare , Phil. Trans, lxiii. 367. 1. 16. fig. 10, and
t. 17- figs. 11, 12; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 245 (pelagic
varieties) ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 303.

Actinia crassicornis, Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 231 ; Adams , Linn.
Trans, iii. 252; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 558; Stew. Elem. i.
393 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. iii. 67, 2nd edit. iii. 407 ; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 226. t. 40.

Act. holsatica, Rathke, Mull. Zool. Dan., iv. 23. t. 139.

Act. equina, Sowerby, Brit. Misc. 7 . pi. 4.

? Act. bimaculata, Grube, Actin. 4. fig. 4.

Inhab. Coast of England.

5. Cribrina parasitica.

La quatrieme espece d’Ortie, Rondel. Poiss. i. 382. fig.

Actinia effoeta, Rappfs Polyp. 54. t. 2. fig. 2.

Act. parasitica, Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 34 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 80.
pi. 15. figs. 1, 2; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 228.
t. 41.

Inhab. Cornwall.

BRITISH RADIATA.

47

6. Cribrina bellis.

Hydra calyciflora, Garin. Phil. Trans, lii. 7$. t. 1. fig. 2; Phil.
Trans, abridg. xi. 527-

Actinia bellis, J Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 2; Rapp’s Polyp. 50.
t. 1. figs. 1, 2; Turt. Gmel. iv. 103; Turt. Brit. Faun. 131 ;
Hassall, Ann. ty Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 285 ; Johnst. Hist „ Brit.
Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 228. fig. 52. t. 41.

Actinia Templetonii, Couch, Corn. Faun . iii. 80.

Actinia pedunculata, Zool. iv. 102; Berk. Syn. i. 186 ;

Lam. Anim. s. Vert. iii. 70, 2nd edit. iii. 411 ; Bose , Vers , ii.
258 ; Stark, Elem . ii. 412 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 498 ; Templeton,
Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 303.

Actinocerens pedunculata, Blainv. Did. Sc. Nat. 1830, lx. 194.
Hydra bellis. Stew. Elem. ii. 451.

Cribrina bellis, Ehrenb. Corail. 41 ; Edw. Lam. Anim. s. Vert.

2nd edit. iii. 425 ; Grube, Adin. 12.

Act. Templetonii, Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 76.

Inbab. Cornwall.

7. Cribrina Dianthus.

Urtica soluta caryophyllum referens, Plane. Conch. 43. t. 4. fig. 6.
Priapus sive Actinia proboscidibus tenuibus brevibus ,Bast. Opusc.

subsec. i. lib. iii. 143. t. 13. figs. 2-4 (bene).

Actinia senilis, Linn. Syst. 1089.

Actinia judaica, Linn. Syst. 1088.

Actinia Dianthus, Ellis in Phil. Trans, lvii. 436. t. 19. fig. 8,
cop. in Encyclop. Method. Vers, pi. 71. fig. 5 ; Ellis Sf Soland.
Zooph. 7 ; Shaw, Nat. Misc. xiii. pi. 539 {copied from Ellis
and coloured from the description !) ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 104 ;
Turt. Brit. Faun. 131 ; Stew. Elem. i. 394 ; Flem . Brit. Anim.
498 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 233. t. 43.
Fourth species of Anemony, Dicquemare, Phil. Trans, abridg.
xiii. 638. pi. 12. fig. 9.

Actinia pentapetala, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 104 ; Berk. Syn. i. 187 ;
Lam. Anim. s. Vert. iii. 71* 2nd edit. iii. 412 ; Bose, Vers,
ii. 259.

Le Zoanthe a cinq petales, Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 653.

Actinoloba Dianthus, Blainv. Did. Sc. Nat. lx. (1830), 288;
Man. Adinol. 322.

Actinia plumosa. Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 230. no. 2791 ; Zool.
Dan. iii. 12. t. 88. figs. 1, 2 (drawn when the animal has been in
a very relaxed and half-expanded condition), and fig. 4 ; Turt.
Gmel. iv. 100 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 130; Stew. Elem. i. 394 ;
Lam. Anim. s. Vert. iii. 68, 2nd edit. iii. 407 ; Bose, Vers, ii.
256; Stark, Elem. ii. 412; Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 291; Rapp’s

48

BRITISH RADIATA.

Polyp. 55. t. 3. fig. 1 (good) ; Johnston , Trans. Newc. Soc.
ii. 246 ; Micros. Journ. ii. 147-

Metridium plumosa, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 287 ; Actinol. 321.
Actinia senilis, Barb. Gen. Verm. 53. t. 5. fig. 5; Adams, Linn.

Trans, v. 9 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. iii. 68 ; Stark, Elem. ii. 412.
Hydra Dianthus, Stew. Elem. ii. 451.

Act. Dianthus, W. Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 251.

Inhab.

Doubtful Species.

1. Actinia truncata, Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 558; Penn. Brit.
Zool. iv. 106; Turt. Brit. Faun. 131.

Inhab.

2. Actinia sulcata, Templeton, Loud. Mag. N. H. ix. 303.

A. efFceta, jun., Templeton.

Inhab.

3. Actinia caryophyllus. Stew. Elem. i. 394 ; Penn. B. Z. iv. 106 ;
Martin, Marine Worms.

A. Dianthus ?, Johnst. Brit . Zooph. 234.

Inhab.

4. Actinia anemonoides, Turt. Syst. Nat. iv. 101.

Act. Anemone, Penn. B. Z. iv.106 ; not Ellis ; Shaw, Nat. Misc.

t. 26, 2/.

Inhab.

6. Adamsia.

Adamsia, E. Forbes, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 183.

Cribrina, sp. Ehrenb. Corail. 41.

1. Adamsia palliata.

Medusa palliata, Bohad. Anim. Mar. 135. t. 11. fig. 1.

Actinia maculata, Adams, Linn. Trans, v. 8 ; Coldstream, Edinb.
New Phil. Journ. ix. 236. t. 4. figs. 6, 7 ; and in Edinb. Journ.
Nat. Sf Geogr. Sc. iii. 49 ; Forbes, Ann. Nat. Hist. iii. 48 ; W.
Thompson, ibid. v. 251 ; Hassall, ibid. vii. 286.

Act. carciniopados, Otto in Nov. Act. Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Cur.
xi. 288. pi. 40 ; D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap . ii. 242 ; Rapp,
Polyp. 58 ; Grube, Act in. 13.

Cribrina palliata, Ehrenb. Cor all. 41 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. 2nd
edit. iii. 426.

Actinia picta, Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 286.

Actinia effoeta, Turt. Gmel. iv. 101 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 131.
Parasite Actinia, Landsborough in Scot. Christ. Herald, ii. 333.

BRITISH RADIATA.

49

Adamsia maculata, Forbes in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 183.

Adamsia palliata, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. 207. fig. 44. t. 42.
figs. 1, 2.

Inhab. Milford Haven.

7. Xluanthos.

Iluanthos, E. Forbes , Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 184.

1. Iluanthos scoticus.

Iluanthos scoticus, Forbes , Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 184. pi. 3; W.
Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist.xv. 322 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
2nd edit. p. 243. t. 45. figs. 1, 2.

Inhab. Loch Ryan.

Fam. 2. Lucernariad m .

Lucernariadse, M. Edw. Cuvier, R. A. Zooph. t. 63 ; Johnst. Brit.

Zooph. 2nd edit. 244.

Actiniadae pars. Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus.

1. Lucernaria.

Lucernaria, Muller, Zool. Han. Prod. 232; Ehrenb. Corail. 43;
Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 244.

1. Lucernaria fascicularis.

Lucernaria fascicularis, Fleming in Wern. Mem. ii. 248. pi. 18.
figs. 1, 2; Flem. Brit. Anim. 499; Templeton in Mag. Nat.
Hist. ix. 304; Lamouroux, in Mem. duMus. ii. 470; Ehrenb.
Corail. 43; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 244. t. 45.
figs. 3-7, and 252.

L. quadricornis, Muller, Zool. Han. Prod. 227 ; Zool. Dan. i. 51.

t. 39; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 252, 4/6.

Inhab. Zetland.

2. Lucernaria auricula.

Holothuria lagenam referens tentaculis octonis fasciculatis. Mull.

Zool. Han. Prod. 232. no. 2812.

Lucernaria auricula. Fab. Faun. Grcenl. 341 ; Montagu in Linn.
Trans, ix. 113. pi. 7* fig- 5; Flem. Brit. Anim. 499; Johnst.
in Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 44. fig. 29, and in Trans. Newc. Soc.
ii. 248 ; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 304 ; Sars, Soedyr.
Naturh. 34. t. 4. figs. 1-13; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 35; Corn.
Faun. iii. 83. pi. 16. figs. 1-3; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
2nd edit. p. 246. figs. 54, 55; Edw. Cuv. R. A. Zooph. t. 63.
L. octoradiata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 474.

L. auricula, Lamour. Mem. duMus. ii. 471.
a. In spirits.

c

.50

BRITISH RADIATA.

3. Lucernaria campanulata.

Lucernaria campanulata, Lamx. in Mem. du Mus. ii. 472. pi. 16.

figs. 1-7 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 248.

L. Convolvulus, Johnst. in Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. 59. fig. 3.
Lucernaire auricule, Blainv. Man. Act. pi. 50. fig. 4.
a. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Lucernaria cyathiformis.

Lucernaria cyathiformis, Sars, Faun. Norv. i. 26. t. 3. figs. 8-13 ;

Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. 475. fig. 86.

Inhab. Arran.

Suborder II. CHONDROPIIORA.

Pam. 1. ZoANTHIDiE.

Zoanthina,_E^mi6. Corall. des roth. Meeres , p. 45 ; Johnst. Hist .

Brit. Zooph. p. 201.

Les Zoanthes, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 293.

Les Zoanthaires coriaces, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. 1830, 294 ;
Act. 1834, 328.

Zoanthidae, J. E. Gray in Syn. Brit. Mus. 129, 1840.

1. Zoanthus.

Zoanthus, Cuvier , Trait. Elem. ; Reg. Anim. 1817; Ehrenb .
Corail.

Zoantha, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ; Schweiger.

1. Zoanthus Couchii.

Zoanthus Couchii, Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 73. pi. 15. fig. 3 ;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 202. t. 35. fig. 9; Ann.
Nat. Hist. xiv. 415.

a , b, c. Cornwall, R. I. Couch , Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

The dry specimen exactly resembles Sarcodictyon catenata.

Suborder III. CORALLIPHORA.

Madreporea, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. 1830, 297-
Phytocorallia, Polyactinia and P. dodeactinia, Ehrenb. Corail.
Madreporina, Wiegm. Sf Ruthe , Handb. Zool. 592, 1832.
Fungina, Ehrenb. Corall. ; Wiegm. Sf Ruthe , 592.

Fam. 1. P OCILLOPORID^E.

Milleporina, Ehrenb. Corall. des roth. Meeres , p. 122; Johnst.

Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 194.

Madrepores, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. 1830, 347.

Pocilloporidse, Grayi Syn. Brit. Mus. 135.

BRITISH RAD1ATA.

51

1. POCILLOPORA.

Pocillopora, Larrik. ; Ehrenb. Cor all.

Madrepora, sp. Muller ; Linn .

1. Pocillopora ? interstincta.

Madrepora interstincta, Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 252.

Pocillopora interstincta, Flem. Brit. Anim. 511; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 194, 251 ; New Edinb. Phil. Journ .
1846, 203.

Inhab. Zetland.

Fam. 2. Ocellinid^e.

Ocellina, Ehrenb. Corail, des roth. Meeres, p. 75; Johnst. Hist.

Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 195.

Madrephyllisea, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. 1830, 301.

Madreporidse, Gray , Syn. Brit. Mus. ; Ann. Nat. Hist.

1. Turbinolia.

Turbinolia, Lamk. Hist. A. s. V. ; Ehrenb. Corail.

1. Turbinolia Millesiana.

Turbinolia Millesiana, Def ranee, Diet. Sc. Nat. lvi. 92 ; Blainv.
Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 303 ; S. V. Wood in Ann. 8f Mag. N. H.
xiii. 12 ; Morris, Cat. 46 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit,
p. 196. t. 35. figs. 1-3.

Turbinolia Millesiana, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. 2nd edit. ii. 364 ;

Forbes, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1845, 66.

“ Turbinolia mixta, Def ranee, MSS. ; Michelin, Polyp. Fossil.

France, t. 43. fig. 3,” E. Forbes.

Turbinolia, Taylor, Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. iii. 272.
a. North Sea. Presented by J. Alder, Esq.

2. Oculina.

Oculina, sp. Lamk. Hist. A. s. V. ; Ehrenb. Corall.

Madrepora, sp. Solander.

1. Oculina prolifera.

Madrepora prolifera, Seba, Mus. iii. t. 116. fig. 3; Pallas,
Elench. 307 ; Linn. Syst. Nat. 1281 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod.
252; Ellis and Solander, Zooph. 153. t. 32. fig. 2; Esper,
Mad. i. t. 11.

Oculina prolifera, Lamk. H. A. s. V. ii. 286, 2nd edit. ii. 456 ;
Blainv. Act. 380 ; Ehrenb. Corail. R. M. 80 ; Johnst . Brit.
Zooph. 2nd edit. 195, 251 note ; New Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1846,
203; King, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. 1847, 279.

Inhab. Shetland, Atkinson. Mus. Newcastle.

c 2

52

BRITISH RADIATA.

3. Caryophyllia.

Caryophyllia, Lamk. Hist. A. s. V.

Caryophylliaea, Blainv. 1830.

Cyathina, Ehrenb.

Astreae, sp. Browne , 17 ?

Turbinolia, sp. Flem. 1828; Blainv. 1830.

1. Caryophyllia Smithii.

Caryophyllia cyathus, Fleming in Wern. Mem. ii. 249, and in
Edinb. New Phil. Journ. viii. 70; Broderip in ibid. viii. 312;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 508 ; not Lamk.

Car. Smithii, Stokes and Broderip in Zool. Journ. iii. 486. pi. 13.
figs. 1-6, and in Bull, des Sc. Nat . xvii. 157 ; Buckland ,
Bridgw. Treat, ii. 90. pi. 54. figs. 9-11; Harvey in Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1834, part ii. 28, and in Mag. Nat. Hist. n. s. i. 474.
fig. 55 ; Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 251 ; Portlock’s
Lond. 334 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 29 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 72.
pi. 12. fig. 3; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 198.
t. 35. figs. 4-8.

Cai*. sessilis, Bellamy’s S. Devon , 267 & 330. pi. 18.

Car. pygmea, Risso, VEur. Merid. v. 352 ? ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat.
lx. 310.

a, b , c, d. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Caryophyllia borealis.

Fungi a turbinata, Fleming in Wern. Mem. ii. 25.

Turbinolia borealis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 509 ; Blainv. Diet. S. N.

1830, lx. 307 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. 195. f. 42. 473.
Caryophyllia Smithii, var. Forbes ; Johnst. B. Z. 2nd edit. 473.
a. Oban, J. Alder , Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

Doubtful British Species.

3. Caryophyllia ramea, Lamk. Syn. 370; Johnst. B.Z. 2nd
edit. 201, 473.

Madrepora ramea, Linn. Sol. Zooph. t. 38.

Lithodendron ramea, Schweig.

Dendrophyllia ramea, Blainv.

Oculina ramea, Ehrenb.

Inhab. Mediterranean. Cornish coast, Murray , Ency. Geog.
1840, 343.

4. Caryophyllia musicalis, Lamk. Hist. ii.

Madrepora musicalis, Linn. Syst. 1278; Berk. Syn. i. 211 ; Turt .

S. N. iv. 625 ; Brit. Faun. 204.

Mad. organum, Pallas, Zooph. 317-

BRITISH RADIATA.

53

Anthophyllum musicalis, Ehrenb.
Sarcinula musicalis, Blainv.

Inhab. Irish coast.

Madrepora truncata.

Inhab. “British,” Stewart , Elem. ii. 426.

Madrepora lichenoides.

Inhab. “British,” Turt. Brit. Faun. 204.

Order II. ZOOPHYTARIA.

Zoophytaria, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 1830 ; Man. 496 (1834) ;

Gray in Syn. Brit. Mus. 131 (1842).

Z oocorallia octactinia, Ehrenb. Corail, des roth. Meer. 53 (1834).
Les Alcyoniens, Audouin and M. Edwards in Lam. An. s. Vert.
iii. 105 (1836).

Zoophyta asteroida, Johnst . in Mag. Zool. and Bot. i. 447 (1836).
Anthozoa asteroida, Johnst. Hist. B. Z. 2nd edit. p. 138 (1847).

Suborder I. RADICATA.

Polipiers corticiferes part., Lam . Extr . du Cour. 1812, 1816.
Polipes tubiferes, Lam. Extr. du Cour. 1812, 1816.

Fam. 1. Alcyonidje.

Alcyonidse, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 174.

Les Alcyons, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 320.

Polypi tubiferi, Lamk. An. s. Vert. ii. 403.

Alcyonaria, Blainv. Man. 519.

Lobulariadse, Johnst. in Trans. Berw. Nat. Club , i. 107 ; J. E.

Gray in Syn. Brit. Mus. 135.

Haley onina, Ehrenb. Cor all. 56.

Alcyonina, Wiegm. Sf Ruthe , 595.

1. Alcyonium.

Alcyonium, Linn. ; P alias , 1706 ; Lam. 1801 (not 1806) ; Lamx.
1812, 1816.

Lobularia, Lamk. 1816 5 Blainv . ; Ehrenb.

Cydonium (animal, not sponge), Fleming , 1828.

Achilleum, Oken , Lehrb. 1815, 82.=A. manus diaboli. A. pa-
pillosa.

Magina, Oken , Lehrb. 1815, 83.= A. lobatum.

Korkschwamm, Oken , Lehrb. 1815, 84. =A. arboreum.

54

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Alcyonium digitatum.

Alcyonium ramosa digitatum, Raii Syn. 31. no. 2; Breyn. in
Ephem. Acad. Leopold, cent. 8. app. 159; Bast. Opusc. subs.
i. 24. t. 3. figs. 6, 7 (pessima).

Main de mer, Jussieu in Mem. Acad. Roy. des Sc. an. 1742, 294.
t. 9. fig. 1.

Dead man’s hand, or Dead man’s toes, Ellis, Corail. 83. no. 2.
pi. 32. fig. a. A. A. 2.

Alcyonium manus marina, Ellis in Phil. Trans, liii. 431. t. 20.
figs. 3?, 10.

Magina lobata digitata, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 83.

A. digitatum, Linn. Syst. 1294 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 255; Fab.
Faun. Grcenl. 447 ; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 175. pi. 1. fig. 7 ;
Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 563 ; Flem. in Edinb. Phil. Journ. ix.
251 ; Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 321 ; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist.
ix.470 ; Harvey inibid. n. s.i.475. figs. 56, 57 (very inaccurate);
Macgillivray , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 465 ; Couch, Zooph.
Cornw. 27 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 58. pi. 13. fig. 2; Johnst. Brit.
Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 176. f. 38. t. 34.

Alcyonium moll e,Esper, p.56. 1. 18. B. fig. 42, encrusting the tube
of the Amphitrite.

Ale. lobatum, Pall. Elench. 351 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 336. pi. 12.
fig. 4, and pi. 13. fig. omn. ; Corall. 243. pi. 12. fig. 4, pi. 13
and pi. 14. fig. 1.

Lobularia lobatum, Deslong champs, E. M. 498.

Lobularia digitata, Lam. Hist. ii. 413, 2nd edit. ii. 631 ; Flem.
Brit. Anim. 515 ; Grant, Edinb. Journ. of Sc. no. 15 ; Stark ,
Elem. ii. 421 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 250. pi. 8 ; Roget,
Bridgw. Treat, i. 162. fig. 56; Blainv. Actinol. 521 ; Ehrenb.
Corail. 57.

Lobularia grandiflora, Chamisso, Ehrenb. Corall. R. M. 57.
Alcyonium Cydonium, Mull. Zool. Dan. iii. p. 1. t. 8. figs. 4, 5.
Lobularia conoidea, Lam. Anim. s. Vert . 2nd edit. ii. 632 ; Des-
longchamps, E. M.

Cydonium Mulleri, Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 28 (not of Fleming,
Brit. A., nor Blainv., which is a sponge).

Alcyonium exos., Spix,Ann. Mus. xiii. 451. 31.

Alcyonium pulmo, Esper, Supp. ii. t. 9, dry.

a, b, c. In spirits. Coast of Kent. W. E. Leach, M.D.
d, e. Dry. Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq.

2. Alcyonium glomeratum.

Alcyonidium rubrum, Hassall, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 285.

Ale. glomeratum, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 178.
Alcyonidium glomeratum, Hassall, Ann. Nat. Hist. xi. 112.
Alcyonium sanguineum, Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 60. pi. 13. fig. 1.
Inbab. Cornwall, Couch.

BRITISH RADIATA.

2, Sarcodictyon.

Sarcodictyon, E. Forbes; Johnst. 1847.

Sarcorete, Johnst. MSS.

1. Sarcodictyon catenata.

Sarcodictyon catenata, E. Forbes; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.

2nd edit. p. 179. t. 33. fig. 4-7.

Sarcorete catenata, Johnst. MSS. Brit. Mus.

a. Scarborough. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

The dry specimen exactly resembles Zoanthus Couchii.

Fam. 2. Gorgoniadje.

Ceratophytes, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 309.

Poiypiers corticiferes, Earn. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 288.

Gorgoniadse, Flem. Brit. Anim. 511 ; Johnst. Hist s Brit. Zooph.
2nd edit. p. 166.

Ceratophyta corticosa, Schweig. Handb. 432.

Corallia, Blainv. Man. 501.

Ceratocorallia s. Gorgonina, Ehrenb. Corail. 133.

Isidea, Ehrenb. Corail. 123.

Corallina, Wiegm. Sf Ruthe , Handb. 594, 1832.

Coralhadse, J. E. Gray , Syn. Brit. Mus. 134.

1. Gorgonia.

Gorgonia, Linn.; Lam. 1801.

Eunicea, sp. Ehrenb.

1. Gorgonia verrucosa.

Frutex marinus flabelliformis, Raii Hist. Plant, iii. 7 ; Sir H.

Sloane , Phil. Trans, abridg. 1746, ix. 198. pi. 4. fig. 4.
Keratophyton flabelliforme, cortice verrucosa obductum, Raii
Syn. 32.

Erica marina alba frutescens, Petiv. Mus. cent. prim. 9. no. 50.
Lithophyte second, 3 and 8, Mars. Hist. Phys. de la Mer, p. 93.

pi. 17. fig. 81, p. 96. pi. 18. fig. 82, p. 104. pi. 21. fig. 97-100.
Warted Sea-fan, Borl. Cornw. 238. t. 24. fig. 1.

Gorgonia verrucosa, Linn. Syst. 1291 ; Pall. Elench. 196; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 89 ; Esper , Pflanz. Gorg. 1. 16. figs. 1,2;
Cavol. Polyp. Mar. 29. t. 1. fig. 1-11, t. 4. fig. 1-16; Lamk.
Anim. s. Vert. 2nd edit. ii. 491 ; Lamk. Mem. du Mus. ii. 82 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 512 ; D. Chiaje , Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. 24
and 27. t. 33. fig. 4-7 ; Couch, Zooph . Cornw. 26 ; Corn. Faun.
iii. 56. pi. 12. fig. 1 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 1 67.
t. 32. fig. 1.

56

BRITISH RADIATA.

Gorg. viminalis, Sow . Brit. Misc. 81. pi. 40; not Pallas nor
Esper, t. 11.

Eunicea verrucosa, Ehrenb. Cor all. 136.

a. Devonshire, J. Couch, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

2. Gorgonia pinnata.

Gorgonia pinnata, Linn. Syst. edit. x. 802; Linn. Syst. 1292;
Miill. Zool. Dan . Prod. 254; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 87.
t. 14. fig. 3; Rathke , Mull. Zool. Dan. iv. 37 . t. 153; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 168. t. 33. figs. 1-3, not Lamk .
n. 17?

G. viminalis. Walker , Wern. Mem. i. 560.

a. Zetland, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

2. Muricea.

Muricea, Lamk. Gen. Pol. ; Blainv.

Gorgonia, sp. Pallas , Lamk.

1. Muricea Placomus.

Warted Sea-fan, Ellis , Corall. 67. no. 1. t. 27. figs. a. A. 1, 2, 3.
Gorgonia Placomus, Pall. Elench. 201 ; Linn. Syst. 1290; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 86; Esper , Gorgon, t. 33, 34, and 34 A;
Lamk. Mem. du Mus. ii. 83; Anim. s. Vert . ii. 316, 2nd edit,
ii. 492 ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 469 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 512 ;
Couch , Zooph. Cornw.25; Corn. Faun. iii. 55. pi. 12. fig. 2;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 169. t. 32. fig. 2.
Muricea Placomus, Ehrenb. Roth. Meer. 134?

Inhab. “ Coast of Cornwall,55 Ellis. A doubtful native.

3. Pterogorgia.

Pterogorgia, Ehrenb. Corail . 145.

Gorgonia, sp. Pallas , Lamk.

Gorgonia A, Blainv. Man. 469.

1. Pterogorgia anceps.

Keratophyton dichotomum, caule et ramulis leviter compressis,
Raii Syn. 32.

Sea Willow, Ellis , Corall. 68. no. 2. t. 27. fig. g.

Gorgonia anceps, Pall. Elench. 183 ; Ellis fy Soland. Zooph. 89 ;
Gmel.Syst. 1292; Esper , Pflanz. Gorg. t. 7- fig- 1-3; Lamk .
Anim. s. Vert. ii. 317, ed. 2. ii. 494 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 395 ;
Lamk. Mem. du Mus. ii. 84; Hist. ii. 317, 2nd edit. ii. 494;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 169. fig. 36. t. 32. fig. 3.
Pterogorgia anceps, Ehrenb. Corall. 145.

Inhab. Margate, Dale. A doubtful native.

BRITISH RADIATA,

57

4. Primnoa.

Primnoa, Lamouroux , Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, 188 ; Johns t. Brit.

Zooph. 2nd edit. 171 ; Blainv. D. S. N. lx. 474,

Gorgonia, sp. Pallas.

Gorgonia C, Blainv. Man .

1. Primnoa lepadifera.

Reseda similis maritima, Raii Hist. PL i. 68.

Gorgonia reseda, Pall. Blench. 204.

Gorgonia lepadifera, Linn. Syst. 1289 ; Bast. Opusc. subs. ii. 130.
t. 13. fig. 1; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 84. t. 13. figs. 1, 2;
Jameson , Wern. Mem. i. 560 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 430 ; Lam. Hist.
An. s. Vert. ii. 323, 2nd edit. 507.

Primnoa lepadifera, Lamour. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 188 ;
Cor all. Flex. 223 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 513; Ehrenb. Corall. 133;
Blainv. Act. 510. pi. 87. fig. 6; Johnst. Hist. Bint. Zooph .
2nd edit. p. 171. fig. 37.
a. — ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

Doubtful Natives.

1. Iris hippuris, Linn.; Ellis , Zooph. 105. t. 3. figs. 1, 5.
Inhab. West Indies. East coast of Scotland, Walker. Orkney,

Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 560.

2. Iris extrochus, Turt. Brit . Faun. 206, is the stem of a fossil
Pentacrinus.

Suborder II. LIBERA.

Polypes flottans, Lam. 1812, 1816.

Fam. 1. Pennatulid^e.

Pennatula, Linn. Syst.x. 818; Pall.Elench. 362; Linn. Syst. 1321.
Les Pennatules, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 317, 1817-
Polypi natantes, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 413, 1816.

Pennatulidae, j Flem. Brit. Anim. 507 ; J ’. E. Gray , Syn.Brit. Mus.

132; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 157-
Pennse marinse, Schweig. Handb. 401, 1820.

Pennatularia, Blainv. Diet. S. N. lx. 476, 1830 ; Man. 512, 1834.
Calamites, Latr. Fam. Nat. 543.

Pennatulina, Ehrenb. Corall. des Roth. Meer. 63.

1. Pennatula.

Pennatula, sp. Linn.

Pennatula, Lamk . 1801, 1816; Cuvier, 1817-

c 5

58

BRITISH RADIATA.

1 . Pennatula phosphorea.

Penna marina. Imp. Ital. 650; Planch. Conch. 108. t. 8. E. D. ;
Sib. Scot. ii. lib. tert. 28.

Penna marina rubra, Albin , Annot. Acad. i. t. 6. figs. 3, 4, 5 ;
Ellis, Phil. Trans, liii. 434. t. 21. figs. 1, 2, 3 (419. t. 19. fig.
1-4, var. j8. Pallas).

Penna rubra, Bohad. Anim. Mar. 101. pi. 8. figs. 1-3.
Pennatula phosphorea, Linn. Syst. 1332 ; Ellis, Phil. Trans, liii.
420. pi. 19. figs. 1-5 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 255. no. 3075 ;
Esper, PJlanz. Pennat. t. iii. figs. 1-3 ; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 294 ;
Wern. Mem. i. 565; Turt. Brit. Faun. 217 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 450;
Blumenb. Man. 274 ; Lam. Syn. 380 ; Anim. s. Vert. ii. 426,
2nd edit. ii. 643; Cuv. Reg. Anim. 2nd edit. iii. 318; Blainv.
Man. Act. b 17; Ehrenb.Roth.Meer. 66; Flem. Brit. Anim. b 07;
Stark, Elem. ii. 420 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 248. pi. 7 ;
Roget, Bridgw. Treat, i. 174. figs. 71, 72 (bad); Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 157. fig- 35.

P. rubra, Pall. Elench. 368.

P. Britannica, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 61.

Pennatole fosforea, Delle Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. 4 and 1 1 .
t. 31. fig. 15.

a. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c, d. Dry. Coast of England.
e,f. Dry. Orkney. Hebrides.

2. VlRGULARIA.

Virgularia, Lamk. 1816; Blainv. Diet. S. N. lx. 1830, 478.
Virgulaire, Lamk. 1812 (no char.).

Scirpearia, Templeton, not Cuvier.

1. Virgularia mirabilis.

Pennatula mirabilis, Linn. Syst. 1322 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. i. p. 11.
t. 11. figs. 1-3; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 63; Sowerby, Brit.
Misc. 51. pi. 25; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 565.

Virgularia mirabilis, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 430, 2nd edit. ii. 647 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 507 ; Grant, Edinb. Journ. of Sci. no. 14 ;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 161. t. 30.

Scirpearia mirabilis, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470.

La Virgulaire a ailes laches, Blainv. Act. 514. pi. 90. fig. 3.
a, b, c. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
d, e. Dry. South Devon. G. Montague, Esq.

3. Pavonaria.

? Funiculine, Lam. Ext. du Cour. 1812.

Funicuiina, sp. Lam. Hist. ii. 423, 1816.

Pavonaria, Cuv. 1817 ; Blainv. Diet. S. N. lx. 480, 1830; Ehrenb.
Cor. R.M. 1834; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 1847.

BRITISH RADIATA.

59

1. Pavonaria quadrangularis.

Pennatula, Ellis , Phil. Trans, liii. t. 20. fig. 8.

Pennse piscis, Bohads. An. Mar. 112. t. 9. figs. 4, 5.

Pennatula quadrangularis, Pall. Elench. 372.

Pennatula antennina, Linn. Syst. 1323 ; Ellis fy Soland. Zooph. 63.
Funieulina tetragona, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 423, 2nd edit. 641.
Pavonaria antennina, Cuvier ; Schweig. Handh. 435; Ehrenh.
Corall. des Roth. Meer. 64.

Pavonaria quadrangularis, Blainv. Act. 516. pi. 90. fig. 1 ( copied
from Bohads ch) ; Forbes, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv. 414; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 164. t. 31 ; Forbes, Rep. Brit.
Assoc. 1845, 66.

a, b. Dry. North Sea. Presented by G. MacAndrew, Esq.

Order III. POLYPIARIA.

Les Sertulairiens, Audouin Sf M. Edwards in Lam. Anim. s. Vert .

ii. 105.

Zoophyta hydroida, Johnst. Mag. Zool. fy Bot. i. 447-
Polypiaria, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 133.

Polypiaria part., Blainv. Diet. S. N. 1830; Man. Act. 1834.
Nudibrachiata, Farre, Phil. Trans. 1837-
Hydrozoa, Owen, Led. 82.

Anthozoa hydroida, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. 5.

Suborder I. TUBULARINA.

Tubularia, Linn. Syst. Nat.

Tubularina, Ehrenb. Corail, des Roth. Meer. p. 70; Johnst. Brit.
Zooph. 2nd edit. 29.

Tubularidae, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 1st edit. 1837.

Les Tubulaires, Van Beneden.

Fam. 1. Corynid^e.

Corynidse, Johnst. Trans. Berw . Club (1836), p. 307 ; Hist. Brit.
Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 30.

Corynaidse, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. (1840), p. 76.

Coryne, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 61 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 553;

Blainv. Man. Act. 471 ; Schweig. Handb. 409.

Les Corines, Cuvier, Reg. Anim. iii. 295.

Tubularise pars, Pallas, Spic. Zool. fasc. x. pp. 36, 37.

Hydrae pars, Muller, Zool . Dan. Prod. p. 230.

60

BRITISH RADI AT A .

1. Clava.

Clava, Gmelin , Berl. Mag. 1775; Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 50, 1815;

Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 29.

? Fistulana, Oken , Lehrb. Nat. 55, 1815.

Corina, Leach, MSS. Brit. Mas. 1819.

Coryna, Ehrenb. Corail. 1834.

1. Clava multicornis.

Polyporum species margine conchse insidentes. Bast. Opusc.
subs. i. 44. t. 5. fig. 2 c.

Zoophyton minutum Coryne simillimum, Pall. Spic. Zool. fasc.x.
36. t. 4. fig. 9 d. D. E. F.

Hydra multicornis, Forsk. Desc. Anim. 131. no. 87. t. 26 B. b,
copied in Encyclop. Method, pi. 69. figs. 12, 13.

Coryna multicornis, Ehrenb. Corail. des. roth. Meer. 69 ; Lam.
Anim. s. Vert. 2nd edit. ii. 74 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist.
ix. 419; Blainv. Act. 471.

Molluscum, Mull. Besch. der Berl. Gesell. Nat. 400. t. 5. figs. 3, 4.
Hydra squamata. Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod . 230. no. 2786; Zool.
Dan. i. 3. t. 4. figs. 1-3, copied in Encyclop. Method, pi. 69.
figs. 10, 11; Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 347.

Coryne squamata, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 51 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii.
62, 2nd edit. ii. 73; Jameson, Wern.Mem. i. 565 ; Flem. Edinb.
Phil. Journ. ii. 87 ; Phil. Zool. ii. 616. t. 5. fig. 1 ; Brit. Anim.
553 ; Coldstream, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. ix. 234; Blainv. Act.
471 ; Stark, Elern. ii. 443; Sars, Bidr. til Soedyr. 1. p. 1 ;
Johnst. Br. Zooph. 109. pi. 2. fig. 1-3; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag.
Nat. Hist. vii. 283; Macgilliv. ibid. ix. 463; Couch, Zooph.
Cornw. 2 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 1 1 . pi. 1 . fig. 1 ; VanBeneden, Tubul.
60. pi. 5. figs. 1-14.

Clava parasitica, Turt. Gmel. iv. 100.

Tubularia affinis, Turt. Gmel. iv. 668 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 210 ;
Stew. Elem. ii. 438.

Fistulana multicornis, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 55.

Clava multicornis, Johnst. Hist. B. Z. p. 30. pi. 1. figs. 1-3. 467-

a. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. In spirits (“ Corina, Leach MSS,”). S. coast of Devon.
Presented by J. Cranch, Esq.

2. Hydractinia.

Bydractinia, Van Beneden, Bull. Acad. Brux. xii. 1841 ; Johnst.

Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. 34.

Echinochorium, Hassall, Ann. N. H. xv. 248, 1841.

Synhydra, Quatrefages.

? Dysmorphosa, Philippi.

Podocoryna, Sars, Faun. Lit. Norveg. i. 4.

Alcyonium, sp. Blainv. 1830.

BRITISH RADI ATA.

61

1. Hydractinia ecliinata.

Alcyonium echinatum, Flem. Brit. Anim. 517 ; Johnst. Trans.
Newc. Soc. ii. 251. t. 9. fig. 2 ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 488 ;
Man. Act. 525; Gray, Zool. i. 204; Gould, Massachus. 351.
Alcyonidium echinatum, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 304. t.42. figs. 3, 4;
Couch, Corn. Faun. 134.

Hydractinia ecliinata, Johnst. B. Z. ed. 2. 34. 1. 1. figs. 4-6. 467.
Coryne squamata var., Johnst. Brit. Zooph. iii. t. 2. figs. 4, 5 ;

Couch, Corn. Faun. 12. t. 1. fig. 2.

Echinocorium clavigerum, Hassall, Ann. 8f Mag. N. H. vii. 371.

t. 10. fig. 5, xii. 117; Macgill. Ann. fy Mag. N.H. ix. 463.
Hydractinia lactea, Van Beneden, Tubul. 64. t. 6. figs. 7~14 ;
Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. 250.

Coryne Hassalli, Forbes, Ann. Nat. Hist. xii. 189.

Synhydra parasites, Quatrefages , Ann. Sc. Nat. xx. 232. t. 8, 9.

a. Berwick Bay, on shells. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. Devonshire, on shells. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
d. Coldingham, on shells. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Hydractinia? (Alderi).

Hydractinia Alderi, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. 463. fig. 79 a.
Inhab. Coast of Northumberland, Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, J.
Alder, Esq.

3. Hydractinia? minuticornis?

Hydra corynaria, Templeton, Mag. N. H. ix. 419. f. 58 ; Johnst.

Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. 36. fig. 4 ; not Bose.

Hydra lutea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 554; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i.
565 ; not Bose.

Hydra littoralis, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 1st edit. 98.

? Hydra minuticornis, Muller, Zool. Dan. Prod. n. 2788.

Inhab. Belfast Lough, 1810, Templeton.

3. Coryne.

Coryne, Gcertn. in Pallas, Spic. Zool. x. 40 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.

2nd edit, 39;

Stipula, Sars.

Syncoryna, Ehrenb. Both. Meer. 70.

Hermia, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 111.

Capsularia, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 55, 1815.

1. Coryne pusilla.

Coryne pusilla, Gcertn. in Pallas, Spic. ZooZ.fasc. x. 40. t. 4. fig. 8,
cop. in Encyclop. Method, pi. 69. figs. 15, 16; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. 39. 467. t. 2.

Tubularia Coryne, Pallas in lib. cit. ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 668 ; Turt.
Brit. Faun. 210.

62

BRITISH RADIATA.

Hydra ramosa, Fair. Faun. Grcenl. 348.

Coryne glandulosa, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 62, 2nd edit. ii. 74 ;
Flem. Edinb. Phil. Journ. ii. 87, & viii. 295 ; Phil. Zool. ii.
616. t. 5. fig. 2 ; Brit. Anim. 553 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc.
ii. 253, & Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 631. fig. 110 ; Blainv. Act. 471.
pi. 85. figs. 3, 3 a, copied from Gcertner.

Syncoryna pusilla, Ehrenb. Corail, des Roth. Meer. 70 ; VanBe-
neden, Les Tubul. 53. pi. 3. figs. 1-10.

Hermia glandulosa, Johnst. Brit . Zooph. 111. vign. no. 12, and
pi. 4. figs. 1, 2; Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist.y. 249 ; Hassall,
Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 283. pi. 6. fig. 2 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 3,
and Corn. Faun. iii. 12. pi. 1. fig. 3.

Yar. a. Cor. pusilla, Ehrenb., not Gcertn. ; Johnst. 1. c. t. 4. figs.

1,2.

b. Cor. Listerii, Johnst. 1. c. 41. t. 2.

Coryne, Lister, Phil. Trans. 1834, 376. t. 10. fig. 3.
Syncoryna Listen, Van Bened. Tubul. 54. t. 3. figs. 11, 12.

c. Cor. ramosa, Ehrenb. Corall. 71; Johnst. 1. c. 42. t. 6.

figs. 4, 5.

Tubularia muscoides, Linn. S. N. 1302; Agardh, K. V.
Akad. Handl. 1816, 256. t. 7- fig- 1 ; Thompson, Ann.
N. H. v. 250; Lamx. Exp. Meth. 17- t. 68. figs. 6, 7-
Fistularia muscoides, Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 254.
Fistulana muscoides, O. Fabr. Faun. Green. 442.

d. C. Chamissonis, Johnst. 1. c. 43.

Coryna ramosa, Chamisso and Eysenh. Nov. Act. Acad.
Cur. x. 370. t. B. fig. 3.

Syncoryna Chamissonis, Ehrenb. Cor. Both. Meer. 71 ;
Van Beneden, Tubul. 55 ; Ann. N. H. xv. 249.
a, b, c. Devonshire. Miss Amelia Griffiths. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Strangford Lough. W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

?/. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
g. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. CORDYLOPHORA.

Cordylophora, Allman, Ann. N. H. xiii. 330 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.
2nd edit. 44.

1. Cordylophora lacustris.

Cordylophora lacustris, Allman, Ann. N. Hi xiii. 330; Johnst.

Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 44. fig. 5.

Inhab. Dublin, Grand Dock, Allman.

BRITISH RADIATA.

63

Fam. 2. Tubulariad^e.

Tubulariadse, Johnst. Trans. Berw. Cl. 107 ; Gray, Syn. Brit.

Mus. 76; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 45.

Tubularia, Linn. Syst. edit. 10, i. 803 ; Pallas, Blench. 79 ; Linn.
Syst. 1301 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 108 ; Blainv. Act. 469;
Schweig. Handb. 424.

Fistularia, Muller, Zool. Dan. Prod. 32.

Calamella, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 53, 1815.

1. Eudendrium.

Calamella, sp. Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 53, and Introd. iv.
Eudendrium, Bhrenb. Both. Meer. 72.

Fistularia, sp. Muller ; Lamx. 1812.

? Sipborus, Bafinesque, Caratt. Nov. Generi, 96, 1810.

1. Eudendrium ramosum.

Corallina tubularia gracilis et raxnosa, axillis ramulorum con-
tortis, Ellis, Corail. 31. no. 3. t. 16. fig. A. & t. 17- figs, a, A.
Tubularia ramosa, Linn. Syst. x. 804 ; Linn. Syst. 1302; Soland.
Zooph. 32 ; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 276 ; Berk. Syn. i. 214 ; Turt.
Brit. Faun. 210; Stew. Elem. ii. 437; Wern. Mem. i. 563;
Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 110, 2nd edit. ii. 126; Lamx. Corall.
Trans. 101 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 552 ; Blainv. Act. 470. pi. 30.
fig. 3, copied from Ellis ; Hogg’s Stock. 34; Stark, Elem. ii.
441 . pi. 8. fig. 15, from Ellis ; Templeton, Mag. N. H. ix. 466 ;
Thompson, Ann. N. H. v. 250 ; Lamx. Exp. Meth. 17 ; Couch,
Zooph. Cornw. 4; Corn. Faun. iii. 14; Gould’s Massachus. 350.
Tubularia Sertularia ramosa, Daly ell, Anim. Scotl. i. 64. t. 11.
Tubularia trichoides, Pall. Blench. 84; Lamx. Corall. 101;
Blainv. Act. 470.

Fistularia ramosa, Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 254 (not Fistularia
ramosa, O. Fabr.).

Eudendrium ramosum, Bhrenb . Corall. Both. Meer. 72 ; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 46. t. 6. figs. 1, 2, 3. 467 ; not Van Be-
ne den.

a. Devonshire, Mrs. Griffith. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Bootle. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Northumberland. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. Isle of Man, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

2. Tubularia.

Tubularia, sp. Linn. Syst. Nat.; Lamx. Bull. Soc.Philom. Ill,
1812; Ehrenb. Both. Meer. 71 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. edit. 1,
edit. 2. 48.

64

BRITISH RADIATA.

Calamella, sp. OJcen, Lehrb. Nat. 55, 1815.

Eudendrium, sp. Ehrenb. Roth. Meer. 72, 1834.

Tubularia (3, Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 665, 1798.

1. Tubularia indivisa.

Remarkable Sea-plant, Lhwyd, Phil. Trans, abridg. vi. 73. pi. 3.
fig- 1.

Adianti aurei minimi facie planta marina, Raii Syn. 31. no. 4 ;

Jussieu, Mem. Acad. Roy. des Sc. 1742, p. 296. t. 10. fig. 2.
Tubular Coralline like oaten pipes, Ellis, Phil. Trans, xlviii. 1. 17.
fig. D ; Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 453. pi. 10. fig. D ; Ellis, Cor all.
31. no. 2. t. 16. fig. 6, copied in Esper, Tubul. t. 27. fig. 1.
Tubularia indivisa, Linn. Syst. x. 803 ; Linn. Syst. 1301 ; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 31 ; Berk. Syn. i. 214 ; Blumenb. Man.
272 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 210 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 437 ; Jameson,
Wern. Mem. i. 563 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 110, 2nd edit. ii.
125; Lamx. Cor. Flex. 230; Expos. Method. 17; Cuv. Reg.
Anim. iii. 299 ; Bose, Vers, iii. 89. pi. 28. fig. 5, a reduced
copy from Ellis ; Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 55 ; Cuv. Tab. Elem. 665 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 552 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 252 ;
Daly ell, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. xvii. 411 & xxi. 93, & Rep.
Brit. Assoc. 1834, 600; Anim. Scotl. i. t. 1, 2, 3, 4; Lister,
Phil. Trans. 1834, 366. pi. 8. fig. 1 ; Harvey , Mag. Nat. Hist,
n. s. ii. 511 ; Gould’s Massachus. 350 ; Thompson, Ann. Nat.
Hist. v. 250; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 3; Corn. Faun. iii. 13.
pi. 2. figs. 1, 2; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 49. t. 3. figs. 1,
2. 467.

Tubularia calamaris, Pallas, Elench. 81 ; Ehrenb. C. R. M. 71.
Tubularia gigantea, Lamx. Expos. 17- t. 68. fig. 5.

La Tubulaire chalumeau, Blainv. Act. 470.

a, b. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Tubularia Dumortierii.

Tubularia Dumortierii, Van Beneden, Les Tubul. 50. pi. 2 ;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 50. t. 7- figs. 1, 2.
a. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Tubularia Larynx.

Var. a. The tubes simple or undivided.

Fucus Dealensis fistulosus, laryngse similis, Raii Syn. i. 39. no. 8 ;
Petiv. Oper. iii. 39. no. 406 ; Ellis, Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 453.
pi. 10. fig. c, & xi. pi. 5. fig. 3, young.

Tubulous Coralline wrinkled like the windpipe, Ellis, Cor all. 30.
no. 1. t. 16. fig. b.

Corallina tubularia laryngi similis, Bast. Opusc. subsec. 41. t. 2.
figs. 3, 4, & t. 3. figs. 2-4.

BRITISH RADIATA.

65

Tubularia muscoides, Pall. Elench. 82 ; BerJc. Syn. i. 214 ; Turt.
Brit. Faun. 210; Esper, Tub. t. 4. figs. 1, 2 {the figures in t. 4
are all copied from Baster.) ; Stew. Elem. ii. 438; Lamour.
Cor all. 101 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 552.

Tubularia Larynx, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 31 ; Lam. Anim. s.
Vert. ii. 110, 2nd edit. ii. 126; Hogg’s Stock. 34; Thompson,
Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 250 ; Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist . vii.
284 ; Macgillivray, ibid. ix. 463 ; Gould’s Massachus. 350 ;
Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 51. t. 3. fig. 3, & t. 5. figs. 3,
4. 467 ; Dalyell, Anim. Scotl. i. 42. t. 5.

Var. A- The tubes subramose. Tub. ramosa, Esper, Tub. t. 9.
figs. 1-3.

Eudendrium brvoides, Ehrenb. Corail, des Both. Meer. 72.
Windpipe Coralline, Couch, Zooph. Cornw.4 ; Corn. Faun. in. 13.
pi. 2. fig. 3.

a. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. From bottom of a vessel from Halifax to Liverpool, and
from thence to Belfast, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Var. p. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Tubularia gracilis.

Tubularia gracilis, Harvey, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 54 ; Johnst.

Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. t. 4. figs. 3, 4, 5.

Tub. Larynx, var. P, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 116.

Tub. Calamaris, Van Beneden, Les Tubul. 46. pi. 1. figs. 1-6.
Inhab. Devonport, on chains of floating bridge, Harvey.

5. Tubularia polyceps.

Tubularia poly ceps, Dalyell, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1834, 601 ; Edinb.

New Phil. Journ. xxi. 93; Anim. Scotl. i. t. 12 to 21.

Inhab. Scotland.

Note. Tubularia flabelliformis, Adans. Linn. Trans, v. 12, is a
minute Diatomacea.

3. CORYMORPHA.

Corymorpha, Sars, Besk. 7 ; Forbes and Goodsir ; Johnst. Brit .

Zooph. 2nd edit. 53.

Ellisia, Forbes, Athenceum, 1840.

1. Corymorpha nutans.

Corymorpha nutans, Sars, Besk. 7- pi. 1. fig. 3 ; Forbes and
Goodsir, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 310 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
2nd edit. p. 54. t. 7- figs. 3, 6.

Ellisia flos-maris, Forbes and Goodsir , Athenceum, 1840; Ann.
Nat. Hist. v. 310, 18-10.

a. In spirits. Orkney, Stromness, E. Forbes. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

66

BRITISH RADIATA.

2. CORYMORPHA ?

Corymorpha ?, Jolmst. Brit . Zooph. 2nd edit. 463. fig. 79 b.

Suborder II. SERTULARINA.
Sertularia, Linn.

Sertularina, Ehrenb. Corail, des Roth. Meer. p. 73.

Fam. SERTULARIADiE.

Sertulariadse pars, Flem. Brit. Anim. 538.

Les Sertularies pars, Blainv. Act. 472.

Sertulariadse, Johnst. Trans. Berw. Cl. 107 ; Gray, Syn. Brit.

Mus. 76; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 57.
Sertulariae pars, Pall. Elench. 106 ; Linn. Syst. 1306 ; Soland.
Zooph. 32.

Sertulariees pars, Lamour. Expos. Meih. 9.

1. IIalecium.

Halecium, OJcen, Lehrb.Nat. 91,1815; Schweiger, 1820 Johnst.

Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. 58.

Thoa, Lamour. 1816; Blainv. 1830.

Laomedea, sp. Lamx. 1812.

Campanularia, sp. Blainv. 1830.

Halecina, J. V. Thompson, MSS.

1. Halecium Halecinum.

Corallina scraposa pennata, cauliculis crassiusculis rigidis, Raii
Syn. i. 36. no. 15.

Herring-bone Coralline, Ellis, Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 454. pi. 10.
figs. E, F, G; Corall. 17. no. 15. pi. 10 ; Phil. Trans, xlviii.
506. pi. 17. figs./, E.

Sertularia Halecina, Linn. Syst. 1308 ; Pall. Elench. 113 ; Fabr.
Faun. Groenl. 443 ; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 288 ; Ellis and Soland.
Zooph. 46; Berk. Syn. i. 217; Esper, Pjlanz. Sert. t. 21.
figs. 1, 2 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 213 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 119,
2nd edit. ii. 146; Flem. Brit. Anim. 542; Johnst. Trans.
Newc. Soc. ii. 259. pi. 12. fig. 2 ; Daly ell, Anim. Scotl. i. 162.
t. 27, 28, 29, 30.

Thoa Halecina, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 211 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat.
Hist. ix. 568 ; Blainv. Act. 488. pi. 84. figs. 4, 4 a ; Lamour.
Expos. Meth. 14; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 167 ;
Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 5 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 15. pi. 3.

Halecium Halecinum, Schweig. Handb. 426 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit.

Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 59. t. 8. p. 468.

Halecina Ellisii, J. V. Thompson, MSS.

BRITISH RADIATA. 67

a. Cork. J. V. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b, c, d , e, h. Berwick Bay. Presented hv G. Johnston, M.D.
/, g . Ireland ; Bangor, co. Down, W. Thompson, Esq.

Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
i. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Halecium rameum.

Tubularia ramea, Pall. Elench. 83; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 117.
pi. 5. figs. 1, 2 ; Hassall , Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 167 ;
Macgillivray, ibid. ix. 463 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 4 ; Corn.
Faun. iii. 15.

Tubularia Sertularia ramea, Dalyell, Anim. Scotl. i. 50. t. 6, 7 , 9,

10.

Thoa Savignvi, Lamx. Exp. Meth. 15. t. 67. figs. 5, 6 (bad).
Tubularia ramosa, Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 253. pi. 10.
Eudendrium rameum, Johnst. B. Z. p. 45. t. 5. figs, 1, 2. 467.
a, b, c. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
d. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Halecium Beanii.

Thoa Beanii, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 120. pi. 7- figs. 1, 2 ; Thomp-
son, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 250 ; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist.
vi. 167 ; Dalyell, Anim. Scotl. i. 169. t. 33. fig. 31.

Halecium Beanii, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 59. t. 9.
figs. 1,2.

a. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. Whiteburn, Northumberland. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. Carrickfergus, Belfast, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Halecium murieatum.

Sertularia muricata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 59. pi. 7- figs. 3, 4 ;
Esper, PJlanz. Serf. t. 31. figs. 1, 2; Don’s PI. and Anim. of
Forfar , 36 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 215 ; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i.
564; Flem. Brit. Anim. 543; Plogg’s Stockton, 34.

Laomedea muricata, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 209.

Campanularia muricata, Blainv. Act. 473.

Thoa muricata, Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 5; Corn. Faun. iii. 16;
Macgillivray , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 463 ; Dalyell, Anim.
Scotl. i. 173. t. 32.

Halecium murieatum, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 61.
t. 9. figs. 3, 4.

a. Tav near Dundee, W. Jackson, Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

68

BRITISH RADIATA.

b. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Sertularella.

Sertularia, sp. Lamx. 1812; Blainv. 1830.

Sertularia, sp. Linn.

Sertularia a , Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92, 1818; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.
2nd edit. 61.

1. Sertularella polyzonias.

Corallina minus ramosa, Raii Syn. 35. no. 13. t. 2. tig. 4.

Great Tooth Coralline, Ellis , Cor all. 5. no. 3. pi. 2. tigs. a. A,
b. B, & pi. 38. tig. 1 A.

Corallina pennata et siliquata. Bast. Opusc. i. 42. pi. 2. fig. 7
(pessima).

Sertularia polyzonias, Linn. Syst. x. 813 ; Linn. Syst. 1312 ;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 37; Berk. Syn. i. 219; Esper,
Pjlanz. Sert. t. 6. tigs. 1-6 ; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 290 ; Turt.
Gmel. iv. 683; Blumenb. Man. 273; Oken , Lehrb. Nat. 92;
Turt. Brit. Faun. 216; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 564 ; Stew.
Elem. ii. 447 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 117, 2nd edit. ii. 142;
Lamour. Cor. Flex. 190 ; Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 130; Bose,
Vers, iii. 119; D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 141 ; Hogg’s
Stock. 31 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 542 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc.
ii. 256 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 468 ; Blainv. Act. 480;
Hassall, Ann fy Mag. N. H. vi. 167 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 6 ;
Corn. Faun. iii. 17 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 2nd edit. p. 61.
pi. 10. figs. 1-3. 468; Dalyell, Anim. Scotl. i. 134. t. 22.
Sertularia flexuosa, Linn. Syst. x. 814. no. 34.

Sertularia ericoides, Pall. Elench. 127 ; Esper, Pjlanz. Sert.
t. 12. figs. 1, 2.

Sertolara polizonia, Carol. Polip. Mar. 224. t. 8. figs. 12-14.
Sertularia Gayi, Lamour. Expos. Method. 12. t. 66. figs. 8, 9
(var. &.), fig. bona.

Sertularia pinnata, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 468 (var. a.);

Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 250.

Sertularia hibemica, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 128.

Sertularia Ellisii, M. Edwards, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. 2nd edit. ii.
142; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 123; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 6;
Corn. Faun. iii. 17.

Var. a. Frondose, diffuse, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed.2. pi. 10. fig. 1.
Sert. denticulata, Montag. Coll. B. M.

Sert. pennata, Templeton, Mag. N. H. ix. 468.

BRITISH RADIATA.

69

Vai\ /3. Caulescent, pinnate, Johnst. B. Z. ed. 2. pi. 10. fig. 2.
Sert. polyzonias, Mont. Coll. B. M.

Sert. Gayi, Lamour , Exp. Meth. 12. t. 66. figs. 8, 9.
a, b , c, 9, r. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
d, e,f. Devonshire, Mrs. Griffith. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

g. Northumberland. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h, i,j. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

k, l. Ayrshire, P. W. Martin, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

m. Zetland, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

n. Cornwall, It. Q. Couch, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

o. p. Cornwall, C.W. Peach. Presentedby G. Johnston,M.D.
2. Sertularella rugosa.

Snail trefoil Coralline, Ellis , Corail. 26. no. 23. t. 15. fig. a. A.
Sertularia rugosa, Linn. Syst. 1308; Pall. Elench. 126; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 52; Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 443; Esper ,
Pflanz. Sert. t. 11. figs. 1-4; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 121,
ed. 2. ii. 149 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 542 ; Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92;
Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 257. ph 11. fig. 3 ; Couch , Zooph.
Cornw. 6; Corn. Faun. iii. 18; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
ed. 2. p. 63. t. 10. figs. 4-6. 468.

Clytia rugosa, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 204 ; Templeton , Mag. Nat.
Hist, i x. 466.

La Campanulaire rugueux, Blainv. Act. 473.

Sertularia patagonica, D’Orb. Amer. Merid.

a , b, c. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
d. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

3. Sertularia.

Sertularia, Linn. ; Lamk. Syst. 382, 1800.

Dynamena, Lamx. 1812; Blainv. 1830.

Sertularia, sp. Lamk. 1816.

Sertularia /3, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 64, 1847-

* Branches pinnate, simple. Sertularia, Lam.

1. Sertularia rosacea.

Lily or Pomegranate-flowering Coralline, Ellis , Corail. 8. no. 7-
pi. 4. fig. a. A ; Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 492. pi. 12. fig. 5. s.-H.
Sertularia rosacea, Linn. Syst. 1306 ; Ellis and Soland. Zooph.
39 ; Esper , Pflanz. Sert. t. 20. figs. 1-3 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert.
ii. 119; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 258; Templeton , l. c.
468 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 7 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 18 ; Macgilliv.

70

BRITISH RADIATA.

Ann . Nat. Hist. ix. 463 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit , Zooph. ed. 2.
p. 64. t. 11. fig. 1. 468. fig. 83; Daly ell, Anim. Scotl. i. 159.
t. 26. figs. 1-13.

Serf. Nigellastrum, Pall. Blench. 129.

Sert. abietina?, Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 442.

Dynamena rosacea, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184; Cor.
Flex. 175 ; Flern. Brit. Anim. 544.

a. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Devonshire, Mrs. Griffith. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

c. Zetland, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. f, g, h, i. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

j. Tay, near Dundee, W. Jackson, Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

kr Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

1. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Sertularia pumila.

Corallina pumila repens, Raii Syn. i. 37. no. 19.

C. pumila erecta, ramosior, Ibid. 37. no. 20. pi. 2. fig. 1.

Muscus marinus, Morris, Plant. Hist. iii. 650. t. 9. fig. 2;
Reaumur , Mem. de V Acad. Roy. des Sc. 1711, 394. pi. 11.
fig. 4. M.

Sea-oak Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 9. no. 8. pi. 5. fig. a. A. ; Phil.
Trans, xlviii. 632. pi. 23. no. 6 ; Phil. Trans. Ivii. 437. pi. 19.
fig. 11 ; Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 493. pi. 12. fig. 6. F.
Sertularia pumila, Linn. Syst. 1306; Pall. Flench. 130; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 40; Esper, PJlanz. Sert. t. 10. figs. 1, 2 ;
Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 288 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 441. pi. 12. figs. 10,
11 , copied from Ellis ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 119, ed. 2. ii. 145;
Stark. Elem. ii. 440. pi. 8. fig. 14, from Ellis ; Johnst. in Trans.
Newc. Soc. ii. 259; Lister, Phil. Trans. 1834, 371. pi. 8.
fig. 3 ; Templeton, l. c. 468 ; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist.
vii. 284. pi. 6. fig. 5 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 7 ; Corn. Faun.
iii. 19 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 66. 1. 11. figs. 3, 4.
p. 469; Dalyell, Anim. Scotl. i. 161. t. 26. figs. 14-21.
Sertolara pumila, Cavol. Pol. Mar. 216. t. 8. figs. 8-10.
Dynamena pumila, Lam,x. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184; Cor.
Flex. 179 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 544 ; Blainv. Act. 484 ; Krauss ,
Corall. und Zooph. der Sudsee, 28.

Sertolara piccina, D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 142.

/3. Slender cells distant on filamentous Algae.

a. Youghal, Miss Ball. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spurn Point. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

71

c. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Westra. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. f. On fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Sertularia Evansii.

Sertularia Evansii, Ellis and Soland. Zooph . 58 ; Lam. Anim. s.

Vert. ed. 2. ii. 154; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 67.
Dynamena Evansii, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 177 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 545.
Inhab. Yarmouth, Ellis , 1767.

4. Sertularia Pinaster.

Sertularia Pinaster, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 55. t. 6. fig. 6. B ;
Rees, Cyclop. Vermes , pi. 8. fig. 4; W. Thompson, Ann. Nat.
Hist. x. 23, and in Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1843, 283; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 71. fig- 12. 470.

Dynamena Pinaster, Lamx. Expos. Me'th. 12. t. 6. fig* h. B.

a. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. Yar. gracilis. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

5. Sertularia Margareta.

Sertularia Margareta, Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 284.
pi. 6. figs. 3, 4 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 72. fig. 13.
470.

Sert. Tudori, Ryland’s MSS.

S. Margarita, John, MSS.

5. Margaretta, John, MSS.

a. Mouth of the Mersey, — Tudor, Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

b. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

6. Sertularia fallax.

Dynamena pinnata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 545.

Sertularia pinnata, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 127- pi. 9. figs. 5, 6 ;

Macgilliv. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 463.

Dynamena tubiformis ?, Lamx. Expos. Meth. 12. pi. 66. figs. 6, 7-
Sertularia fallax, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 73. pi. 11.
figs. 2, 5, 6. 469, fig. 84.

a. Dunstanborough, R. Embleton, Esq. with S.fusca. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c, d. Frith of Forth, Dr. Coldstream. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

e. Whitburn, Northumberland, Miss Dale, Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

/. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

72

7. Sertularia Tamarisca.

Sea Tamarisk, Ellis , Corall. 4. no. 1. pi. 1. fig. a. A.

Sertularia Tamarisca, Linn. Syst. 1307; Pall.Elench. 129; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 36 ; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 288 ; Don’s PL
and Anim. of Forfar , 36 ; Lamx. Cor. Flex. 188 ; Lamlc. Syst.
382; Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 153; Hassall, Ann. Nat.
Hist. vi. 168; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 8; Corn. Faun. iii. 21 ;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 74. pi. 13. figs. 2, 3, 4. 470.
Dvnamena Tamarisca, Flem. Brit. Anim. 543 ; Blainv. Man. Act.
‘483.

a , c. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

h. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

8. Sertularia abietina.

Abies marina, Ger. Emac. 1574. fig.; Sihhald , Scot. III. lib.
iv. 55 ; Merr. Finn. 1.

Coiallina marina, Raii Syn. 35. no. 12; Bast. Opusc. subs. 41.

t. 2. fig. 6, & t. 7- figs. 1-3, pessimae.

Muscus marinus, Plunk. Phytog. t. 48. fig. 5 ; Raii Hist. i. 78.
Muscus maritimus filicis folio, Morris , Plant. Hist. iii. 650. t. 9.
fig. 1.

Sea Fir, Ellis , Corail. 4. no. 2. pi. 1. fig. b. B.

Sertularia abietina, Linn. Syst. 1307 ; Pall. Elench. 133; Mull.
Zool. Dan. Prod. 255 ; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 36 ; Esper,
Pflanz. Sert. t. 1. figs. 1,2; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 116,
ed. 2. ii. 141; Risso , VEurop. Merid. v. 311; Lamx. Cor.
Flex. 189; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 256; Templeton ,
Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 468; Hassall , Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist.
vi. 168; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 9; Corn. Faun. 22; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 75. t. 13. fig. 1, andp. 471 ; Dal-
yelL Anim. Scotl. i. 150. t. 23, 24, 25.

Dynamena abietina, Flem. Brit. Anim. 543.

La Sertulaire sapinette, Blainv. Act. 480. pi. 83. fig. 6.
Sertularia abietinula, Daly ell, Anim. Scot. t. 7- f. 6.

a. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b, c,f. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
d, e. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g , h. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

i . k, l. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

j. Dundee, W. Jackson, Esq. v Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

9. Sertularia filicula.

Sertularia filicula or Fern Coralline, Ellis and Soland. Zooph.
57. pi. 6. fig. c. C. ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 215; Rees’s Cyclop.

BRITISH RADIATA.

73

Vermes, pi. 8. fig. 1 ; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 564 ; Lamk.
Anim. s. Vert. ii. 119; Lamx. Cor. Flex. 188; Johnst. Trans.
Newc. Soc. ii. 257 ; Thomp. Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 250 ; Hassall,
Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 284; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 9;
Corn. Faun. iii. 23; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 76.
t. 14. fig. 1, and p. 471.

S. abietina /3, Fall. Flench. 134.

Dynamena fiiicula, Flem. Brit. Anim. 544.

a. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
h, c, d, e,f, g, h, i,j, Jc, l, q. Berwick Bay. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

m. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

n, o, p. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

** Branches branched. Dynamena.

10. Sertularia operculata.

Muscus marinus denticulatus, procumbens, caule tenuissimo,
denticulis bijugis, RaiiHist. i. 79; Morris on, Hist. Plant. Oxon.
iii. 650. t. 9. fig. 3; Flukenet, Phytog. t. 47. fig- 11.

Corallina muscosa, denticulata procumbens. Rail Syn. 36. no. 18.
Sea Hair, Ellis, Corail. 8. no. 6. t. 3. fig. b. B.

Sertularia operculata, Linn. Syst. 1307 ; Ellis Sf Soland. Zooph.
39; Berk. Syn. i. 216; Esper, Pflanz. Sert. t. 4. figs. 1, 2;
Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 118; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii.
258. pi. 1 1 . fig. 2 ; Templeton, ut supra cit. 468 ; Hassall, Ann.
Nat. Hist. vi. 168 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 9 ; Corn. Faun. iii.
23; Macgilliv. Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 464; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 77- pi. 14. fig. 2, ed. 2. 471-
Sertularia usneoides, Fall. Elench. 132.

Dynamena operculata, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184 ;
Cor. Flex. 176; Flem. Brit. Anim. 544; Blainv. Act. 483.
pi. 83. fig. 5 ; Krauss, Corail, und Zoophyt. der Sudsee, 27-
Dynamena pulchella, FTOrbigny.

a, b, e, f, g. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Lancashire, J. R. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Falmouth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

11. Sertularia argentea.

Sheep’ s-tailed Coralline, Corallina eomis ad instar caudse vulpinse
spar sis, Merr, Pinn. 29.

Corallina muscosa, alterna vice denticulata, ramulis in creberrima
capillamenta sparsis, Raii Syn. i. 36. no. 17.

Muscus marinus denticulatus minor ramulis in creberrima capil-
lamenta sparsis, Flukenet, Phytog. t. 48. fig. 3.

D

74 BRITISH RADIATA.

Muscus marinus minor denticulis alternis, Morris , Hist. Plant.
Oxon. iii. 650. t. 9. fig. 4.

Squirrel’ s-tail, Ellis, Corail. 6. no. 4. pi. 2. fig. c. C.

Sertularia cupressina j3, Linn. Syst. 1308.

S. cupressina, Esper, Pflanz. Sert. t. 3. figs. 1, 2.

S. argentea, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 38; Berk. Syn. i. 216;
Esper, Pflanz. Seri. t. 27* figs. 1, 2; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii.
117; Lamx. Cor. Flex. 192; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii.
258. pi. 11. fig. 4; Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 168;
Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 10; Corn. Faun. iii. 25; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 79. t. 15. & t. 14. fig. 3, 3. 471.
Dynamena argentea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 544.

Plumularia argentea, Dalyell, Anim. Scotl. 189. t. 37, 38.

a. Ireland, J. Baird, Esq. Presented by G. Jobnston, M.D.
h. Scarborough. W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. e, h. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

C Dundee, W. Jackson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

g. Dunstanborough, W. Embleton, Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

12. Sertularia cupressina.

Sea Cypress, Ellis, Corall. 7 . no. 5. pi. 3. fig. a. A.

Sertularia cupressina, Linn. Syst. 1308; Ellis and Soland. Zooph.
38 ; Berk. Syn. i. 216 ; Wern. Mem. i. 564; Lamk. Anim. s.
Vert. ii. 118; Lamx. Cor. Flex. 192; Hogg’s Stock. 32;
Templeton, l. c. 468 ; Stark. Elem. ii. 440. pi. 8. fig. 12 ; Risso,
VEurop. Me'rid. v. 311 ; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi.
168; Macgilliv. ibid. ix. 464; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 11;
Corn. Faun. iii. 26 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 80.
t. 16. 471.

Dynamena cupressina, Flem. Brit. Anim. 543.

a, c, d. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Cork, J. V. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

e. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

4. Nigellastrum.

Nigellastrum a, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 93, 1815.

Dynamena, sp. Lamx. 1812; Fleming, 1828; Blainv. 1830.
Sertularia ft, sp. Johnst.

BRITISH RADIATA.

75

1. Nigellastrum nigra,

Sertularia nigra, Pall. Blench . 135 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 8 ;
Corn. Faun. iii. 20. pi. 6 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.
pi. 12. figs. 1, 2. p. 68.

Nigellastrum nigra, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 93.

a. Cornwall, R. Q. Couch, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. Devonshire, Mrs. Griffith. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

2. Nigellastrum pinnata.

Corallina abietis forma. Bast. Opusc. Subs. i. 41. t. 1. fig. 6"(bad).
Sertularia pinnata, Pall. Blench. 136 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
ed. 2. p. 69. 1. 12. figs. 3, 4.

S. fuscescens, Turt. Gmel. iv. 67 7 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 213 ;
Lamx. Cor. Flex. 195.

Nigellastrum pinnatum, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 93.

a. Torquay, Mrs. Griffith. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Torquay, Miss Griffith. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Nigellastrum fusca.

Sertularia nigra, Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 565; Johnst. Brit.

Zooph. 128 ; Macgilliv. Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. 463.

Dynamena nigra, Flem. Brit. Anim. 545.

Sertularia fusca, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 70, woodcut
no. 6 on p. 57, and fig. 11. 470.
a. Dunstanborough, R. Embleton, Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

Doubtful Natives.

1. Sertularia cupressoides.

Inhab. ? Frith of Forth, Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 564.

2. Sertularia elongata.

Inhab. Australasia. “ English coast,” Miss Warne. Corallina,
p. 83. t. 5. fig. 3.

3. Sertularia pectinata.

Inhab. Australasia. (f English coast,” Miss Warne. Corallina,
p. 83.

5. Thuiaria.

Thuiaria, Flem. 1828 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 83 ; not Thuarea
(in Botany).

Biseriaria, Blainv. 1830.

Cellaria, sp. Lamk. Hist. Anim. s. Vert.

Nigellastrum a & c, Oken , Lehrb. Nat. 93, 1815.

d 2

76

BRITISH RABIATA.

1. Thuiaria thuja.

Planta marina equiseti facie. Sib. Scot. III. ii. lib.iv. 55. 1. 12. fig. 1.
Fucus equiseti facie, Ibid. lib. i. 56 ; Raii Syn. 50. no. 47.
Bottle-brush Coralline, Ellis, Corall. 10. no. 9. pi. 5. fig. b. B.
Sertularia thuja, Linn. Syst. 1308 ; Pall. Elenck. 140 ; Ellis fy
Soland. Zooph. 41 ; Berlc. Syn. i. 217 ; Esper, Pflanz. Sert.
t. 22. figs. 1-3; Turt. Gmel. iv. 678; Wern. Mem. i. 564;
Turt. Brit. Faun. 213 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 442 ; Lamx. Cor. Flex.
193; Hogg's Stock. 32; not 0. Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 444.
Cellaria thuia, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 339 ; Stark. Elem. ii. 439.
Nigellastrum thuja, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 93.

Thuiaria thuia, Flem. Brit. Anim. 545 ; JoJinst. Trans. Newc.
Soc. ii. 261; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 11 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 27.
pi. 5 ; Macgilliv. Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 464 ; W. Thomp-
son, ibid. xiii. 440; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 83.
t. 17, 18. figs. 1,2. 471.

Biseriaria thuia, Blainv. D. S. N. lx. 44 6; Actin. 482.pl. 81. fig. 3.
a, b, c. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. River Tay. Presented by Capt. Ducane, R.A.

2. Thuiaria articulata.

Sea Spleenwort or Polypody, Ellis, Cor. 11. no. 10. pi. 6. fig. a. A.
Sertularia articulata, Pall. Flench. 137 ; Esper, Pflanz. Sert.
t. 8. figs. 1, 2.

Thuiaria articulata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 545 ; Hassall, Ann. Nat.
Hist. vii. 284. pi. 7. figs- 1, 2; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 12;
Corn. Faun. iii. 28. pi. 4 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.
p. 85. t. 18. figs. 3, 4. 471.

S. Lonchitis, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 42.

Cellaria Lonchitis, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 139, ed. 2. ii. 186.

S. Lichenastrum, Berk. Syn. i. 219; Turt. Brit. Faun. 216; i
Stew. Elem. ii. 447.

Nigellastrum articulatum, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 93.

a. Isle of Man, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b, c. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Near Liverpool. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. g. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

f. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

6. Nemertesia.

Nemertesia, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 163, 1812.

Nigellastrum d, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 93, 1815.

Antennularia, Lamk. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. 1816 ; Blainv. 1830. I
Antennulaire, Lamk. 1812, no char.

BRITISH RADIATA.

77

1. Nemertesxa antennina.

Corallina astaci comiculorum semula, Raii Syn. i. 34. no. 10.
Corallina affinis, non ramosa, Pluken. Almag. Bot. 119.

Muscus marinus s. coralloides non ramosus, erectus, Pluken.
Phytog. t. 48. fig. 6.

Lobster’ s-horn Coralline or Sea-beard, Ellis , Cor all. 15. no. 14.
pi. 9. fig. a. A. 13 ; Phil. Trans, xlviii. 630. t. 22. no. 3 ; Phil.
Trans, abridg. x. 491. pi. 12. fig. 3. C.

Sertularia antennina, Linn. Syst. 1310; Pall. Elench. 146;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 45 ; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 289 ; Berk ,
Syn. i. 217 ; Esper , Pfianz. Sert. t. 23. figs. 1-4; D. Chiaje,
Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 144; Hogg’s Stock. 33.

Nigellastrum antenninum, Oken , Lehrb. Nat. 93.

Nemertesia antennina, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 163; Dalyell , Anim.
Scotl. 198. t. 39, 40.

Antennularia antennina, Flem. Brit. Anim. 546 ; Johnst. Trans.
Newc. Soc. ii. 260; Hassall , Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 168.
pi. 5. fig. 3; Macgilliv. ibid. ix. 464; Couch , Zooph. Cornw.
13 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 29. pi. 7 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed.2.
p. 86. t. 19. figs. 1, 3. 471.

Ant. indivisa, Larnk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 123, ed. 2. ii. 156 ; Tem-
pleton, Mag. N. H. ix. 468 ; Blainv. Act. 486. pi. 83. fig. 3.
Plumularia verticillata, J. V. Thompson, MSS.

a. Dry on paper. Cork, J. V. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. d, e, f. Devonshire, Mr. Griffith. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

g, h. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston. M.D.
i. Mouth of the Tay, Dundee. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

k, l. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

m, n. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Nemertesia ramosa.

Corallina ramosa cirris obsita, Raii Syn . 35. no. 1 1 ; Ellis, Cor all.
16. pi. 9. b and c.

Sertularia antennina /3, Linn. Syst. 1310.

Nemertesia ramosa, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 164 ; Dalyell, Anim. Scotl.
198. t. 39. figs. 7, 17. t. 40.

Antennularia ramosa, Lamp. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 123, ed. 2. ii. 156 ;
Stark. Elem. ii. 440; Templeton, lib. cit. 468; Hassall, Ann.
Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 168. pi. 5. figs. 1, 2 ; Johnst. Hist . Brit .
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 88. t. 20. 464, 471.

Sertularia seticornis, Hogg’s Stock. 33/

78

BRITISH RADIATA.

Antennularia arborescens, Hassall , Ann. Nat. Hist. xi. 111.

A. antennina, var. Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1. 140. pi. 16. fig. 2;
Couch, Corn. Faun. 29.

a, h, c, e. Dry. Devonshire, Mrs. Griffith. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Dry. Devonshire, Miss Griffith. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

/. Belfast Bay, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

g, h. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
i. Ayrshire, Rev. D. Landsborougli. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

7 . Aglaophenia.

Aglaophenia, Lamx. 1812, charact.

Plumulaire, Lamk. 1812 (no char.).

Pennaria, sp. Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 94, 1815; Goldfuss , not Ehrenb.
Plumularia, Lamk. 1816; Blainv. 1830.

* Stem a single tube. Plumularia.

1. Aglaophenia falcata.

Muscus marinus spiralis pennatus, Merr. Finn. 81.

Corallina inuscosa pennata, ramulis et capillamentis falcatis, Raii
Sgn. i. 36. no. 16.

Muscus pennatus, ramulis et capillamentis falcatis, Pluken. Phy -
tog. t. 47. fig. 12.

Muscus maritimus pennatus, ramulis et capillamentis falcatis,
Morris , Plant. Hist. Ox. iii. 650. t. 9. fig. 2.

Sickle Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 12. no. 11. pi. 7- fig. A. &
pi. 38. fig. 6.

Corallina erecta pinnata, Bast. Opusc. Subs. 41. pi. 2. fig. 5, male.
Sertularia falcata, Linn. Syst. 1309 ; Pall. Elench. 144 ; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 42 ; Esper, Pflanz. Sert. t. 2. figs. 1, 2 ;
Berk. Syn. i. 217 ; Blumenb. Man. 273.

Aglaophenia falcata, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 174.

Plumularia falcata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 125, ed. 2. ii. 160;
Grant, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. i. 155; Flem. Brit. Anim.
546 ; Johnst. Trans. Neuw. Soc. ii. 259 ; Hassall, Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 169; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 14; Corn.
Faun. iii. 130 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 90. t. 21. figs. 1, 2.
ed. 2. 471 ; JDalyell, Anim. Scotl. i. 176. t. 33.

Pennaria falcata, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 94.

a, b , c, d, l , m, n, q. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

e, f, g • Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA. 79

h. Cork, J. Y. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

i. j. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

k. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

o. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

p. The Tay, Dundee, W. Jackson, jun. Esq., with Notamia
loriculata. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

r. The Tay. Presented by Capt. Ducane, R.A.

2. Aglaophenia pluma.

The podded Coralline, Ellis , Corall. 13. no. 12. pi. 7* fig- b. B.
Sertularia pluma, Linn. Syst. 1309 ; Fall. Elench. 149 ; Ellis
and Soland . Zooph. 43 ; D. Chiaje , Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv.
145; Esper, FJlanz. Serf. t. 7- figs. 1, 2 ; Oliv.Zool. Adriat .
289; Lister , Phil. Trans. 1834, 369. pi. 8. fig. 2.

Aglaophenia pluma, Lamx. Full. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184 ; Cor .
Flex. 170 ; Corall. 75 ; Krauss , Corall. und Zoophyt. der Sud -
see, 25.

Plumularia cristata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 125, ed. 2. ii. 161 ;
Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 467 ; Risso, VEurop. Merid.
v. 313; Hassall , Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 169 & vii. 285;
Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 15 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 31. pi. 8; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 92. figs. 15, 16. t. 23. figs. 1-3.
471.

PI. pluma, Flem. Brit. Anim. 546.

Sertolaria pluma, Carol. Pol. Mar. 210. t. 8. figs. 5-7-
Pennaria pluma, Oken, Lehrh. Nat. 94.

a. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. Ayrshire, P. W. Martin, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

d, f, g, k. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Ayrshire, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

h. Cork, J. V. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

j. Bangor, co. Down, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

l. Var. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

m. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Aglaophenia Pennatula.

Sertularia Pennatula, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 56. t. 7- figs. 1, 2 ;
Flem. Edin. Phil. Journ. ii. 83.

Aglaophenia Pennatula, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184;
Cor. Flex. 168; Krauss, Corall. und Zoophyt. der Sudsee,25.

80

BRITISH RADIATA.

Plumularia Pennatula, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 128, ed. 2. ii. 165 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 546 ; W. Thompson , Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 251 ;
Couch , Zoopli. Cornw. 16 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 33; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zoopli. ed. 2. p. 95. t. 22. figs. 1, 2.

a. Youghal, Miss M. Ball. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

h. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
c. J. E. Gray, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Aglaophenia pinnata.

Fucoides setis minimis indivisis constans, Raii Syn . i. 39. no. 7-
t. 2. fig. 2. lit. a ( injured and deprived of the pinnce).
Sertnlaria pinnata, Linn. Syst. 1312; Ellis and Soland. Zooph.

46 ; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 290.

Aglaophenia pinnata, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 1 72.

Plumularia pinnata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 127, ed. 2. ii. 164 ;
Risso , VEurop. Merid. v. 313 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii.
260, and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 498; Hassall , Ann. Sf Mag.
Nat. Hist. vii. 285 ; Macgilliv. ibid. ix. 464 ; Couch , Zooph .
Cornw. 17; Corn. Faun. iii. 34; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
ed. 2. p. 96. t. 21. figs. 4, 5. 471 ; Daly ell, Anim. Scotl. 179.
t. 34.

a. Dry, free. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Dry, on paper. (Cork, J. V. Thompson?) Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. d , e,f, g. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. Cornwall, deep water. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

i. Norfolk, W. C. Peach, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

j. Zetland, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

k. Tynemouth, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

l. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

5. Aglaophenia setacea.

Sea Bristles, Ellis , Corail. 19. no. 16. pi. 11. fig. a , A.

Corallina setacea, Ellis , Corail. 38. fig. 4.

Sertularia pinnata j3, Linn. Syst. 1312 ; D. Chiaje, Anim . s. Vert .
Nap. iv. 144.

S. setacea, Fall. Elench. 148 ; Ellis and Soland . Zooph. 47 ;

Lister , Phil. Trans. 1834, 371. pi. 8. fig. 4.

Aglaophenia setacea, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 272.

Plumularia setacea, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 129, ed. 2. ii. 165 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 54 7 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 467 ;
Stark, Elem. ii. 440 ; Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 313 ; Hassall ,
Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 285 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 16 ;
Corn. Faun. iii. 33; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 97.
t. 22. figs. 3-5. 471.

BRITISH RADIATA.

81

Pennaria setacea, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 94.

a, b. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. Mount’s Bay, Cornwall, R. Q. Couch, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. • ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Glendore Bay, co. Cork, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

6. Aglaophenia echinulata.

Plumularia echinulata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 126, ed. 2. ii. 162 ;
Blainv. Act . 477 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 464.
figs. 80, 81.

a , b, c. Fowey Harbour, Cornwall (R. Q. Couch, Esq.).
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

7. Aglaophenia Catharina.

Plumularia Catharina, Johnst. Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 498. figs. 61,
62 ; Hassall , Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 285 ; Macgilliv.
ibid. ix. 465; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 18 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 35;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 97. fig. 17* fig- 1 (page 3),
p. 465,471.

a, b , c, d , e. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

8. Aglaophenia fascis.

Plumularia? fascis, Daly ell, Anim . Scotl. 186. t. 36.

Xnliab. Scotland, Daly ell.

** Stem composed of many parallel tubes. Aglaophenia.

9. Aglaophenia myriophyllum.

Corallina fruticosa pennata, Petiv. Plant. Ital. t. 2. fig. 11.
Pheasant’ s-tail Coralline, Ellis, Corall. 14. no. 13. t. 8. fig. a, A.
Sertularia myriophyllum, Linn. Syst. 1309 ; Pall. Elench. 153;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 44; Berk. Syn. i. 217; Don’s PI.
and Anim. of Forfar, 36; Esper, Pflanz. Sert. t. 5. figs. 1-3;
Oliv. Zool.Adriat. 288; D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 145.
Aglaophenia myriophyllum, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184;
Cor. Flex. 168.

Plumularia myriophyllum, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 124, ed. 2. ii.
159; Flem. Brit. Anim. 547 ; Templeton , Mag. Nat. Hist. ix.
466 ; Stark, Elem. ii. 440 ; Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 312 ;
Blainv. Act. 477. pi. 83. fig. 4; Landsborough, Scott. Christ.
Her aid for April 1840, 244 ; Hassall, Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist.
vii. 285 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 18 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 36. pi. 9;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 99. t. 23. figs. 4, 5. p. 118. fig. 24.
Pennaria myriophyllum, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 94.

a, b, c. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d5

82

BRITISH RADIATA.

d. Zetland, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Isle of Man, E. Forbes, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

f. Devonshire, “with capsules,” Mrs. Griffith. Presented
bv G. Johnston, M.D.

g. Devon coast. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

10. Aglaophenia frutescens.

Sertularia Gorgonia, Pall. Elench. 158.

S. frutescens, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 55. pi. 6. fig. a , A. &
pi. 9. figs. 1, 2, encrusted with a Gorgonia ; Rees, Cyclop.
Vermes , pi. 8. fig. 3 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 214 ; Hogg’s Stock. 33.
Aglaophenia frutescens, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 173; Krauss, Cor all.
und Zoophyt. der Sudsee, 26.

Plumularia frutescens, Flem. Brit. Anim. 547 ; Lamk. Anim. s.
Vert. ed. 2. ii. 166 ; Blainv. Act. 477 ; Plassall, Ann . fy Mag.
Nat. Hist. vii. 285. pi. 8. fig. 1 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 19;
Corn. Faun. iii. 37 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 100.
t. 24. figs. 2, 3. 472.

Pennaria fruticans, Oken, Lehrh. Nat. 94.

a. Dry. Cullercoats, Northumberland, J. Alder, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Scarborough, \V. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

8. Epistomia.

Epistomia, Flem. Brit. Anim. 541, 1828.

Dynamena, sp. Lamx. 1816 ; Blainv. 1830.

Notamia, sp. Flem. 1828.

Gemicellaria, sp. Blainv. 1830.

Sertularia, sp. Gmelin.

Cellularia, sp. Pallas.

1. Epistomia Bursaria.

Shepherd’s-purse Coralline, Ellis , Corail. 41. n. 8. t. 22. fig. a , A ;

Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 294.

Sertularia Bursaria, Linn. S. N. 1314 ; Berk. Syn. i. 219.
Cellularia Bursaria, Pall. Elench. 65; Ellis, Phil. Trans. Ivii. 437-
t. 19. fig. 12.

Cellaria Bursaria, Ellis fy Soland. Zooph. 25 ; Lamk. Hist .Anim.
s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 189.

Dynamena Bursaria, Lamx. Cor. 179 ; Blainv. D. S. N. lx. 448.
Notamia Bursaria, Flem. Brit. Anim. 541.

Gemicellaria Bursaria, Blainv. Diet. S. N. lx. 425; Man. Act. 461 .
Sert. Bursa, Turt. Brit. Faun. 216.

a , b, c. Dry, on Plumularia. Walton-on-the-Naze. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

83

Fam. Campanulariad^:.

Campanulariadse, Johnst. in Trans. Berw. Club, p. 107 ; Gray,
Syn. Brit. Mus. 70 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 101.
Les Campanulaires, Van Beneden, Mem. p. 11.

Sertulariee pars, Linn., Pall., Solander.

Campanularia, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 112.

Sertularies pars, Lamx. Expos. Method. 9.

Sertulariadse, sect. ii. Flem. Brit. Anim. 538.

Sertularia pars, Blainv. Act. 472.

1. Laomedea.

Laomedea, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 1812.

Campanularia, sp. Lamk. Hist. Anim. s. Vert . ii. 1810.
Monopyxis, Ehrenb. Corail. Roth. Meer. 73.

Haleciuxn /3, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92, 1815.

Sertularia (3, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92, 1818.

* Laomedea,

1. Laomedea dichotoma.

Sea-thread Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 21. no. 18. pi. 12. fig. a, A.
Corallina filiformis ramosa, pedunculis calyculorum contortis,
Ellis, Corall. pi. 38. fig. 3.

Sertularia dichotoma, Linn. Syst. x. 812; Linn. Syst. 1312;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 48; Berk. Syn. i. 218 ; Jameson ,
Wern. Mem. i. 504 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 215; Stew. Elem. ii.
440 ; D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 140 ; Oliv. Zool.
Adriat. 289.

Sertularia longissima, Pall. Elench. 119 ; Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92.
Monopyxis longissima, Ehrenb. Corall. Roth. Meer. 73.
Laomedea dichotoma, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184 ; Cor.
Flex. 207 ; Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 314 ; Blainv. Act. 474 ;
Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 20 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 37 ; Macgilliv.
Ann. Sf May. Nat. Hist. ix. 405 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
p. 102. t. 20. figs. 1, 2, ed. 2. 400. fig. 82. 472.

Campanularia dichotoma, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 113, ed. 2. ii.
132 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 548 ; Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 309 ;
Grant, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. i. 151 ; Grant. Cyclop. Anat.
and Phys. i. 108. fig. 30 ; Grant, Comp. Anat. 10. fig. 5; Johnst.
Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 255 ; Stark, Elem. ii. 441 ; Templeton,
Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 409; Halyell, Anim. Scotl. i. 212. t. 41.
Var. a. Polypidom dichotomously branched, diffuse.

Yar. /3. Polypidom slender and elongate, pyramidal, alternately
branched ; the branches erecto-patent or spreading.

Var. y. Polypidom irregularly branched, the branchlets pinnate.

84

BRITISH RADIATA.

a. b. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

d. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. f. Devonshire, Mrs. Griffith. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

g, h. Fragment on paper and talc. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

i. Devonshire, on talc, Mrs. Griffith. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

j, k , l. Berwick Bay. Large, dark. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

m , n. Southwold, four fathoms. May 1845. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

o. Magilligan, co. Londonderry. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

** Monopyxis.

2. Laomedea geniculata.

Fucoides setaceum tenuissime alatum, Raii Syn . i. 38. no. 6. pi. 2.

fig. 2; Ellis , Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 491. pi. 12. fig. 1. a, A.
Knotted-thread Coralline, Ellis , Cor all. 22. no. 19. pi. 12. b, B.
Sertularia geniculata, Linn. Syst. 1312; Pall. Elench. 117;
Mull. Zool. Dan. iii. Cl. t. 117- figs. 1-4 ; Ellis and Soland.
Zooph. 49 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 120, ed. 2. ii. 149 ; D.
Chiaje , Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 143.

Laomedea geniculata, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 208 ; Couch, Zooph.
Cornw. 20 ; Corn. Faun. 38. pi. 10. fig. 1 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 103. t. 25. figs. 1, 2. 472.

Campanularia geniculata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 548 ; Johnst. Trans .

Newc. Soc. ii. 255 ; Van Beneden, Camp. 34. pi. 3. figs. 1-6.
Monopyxis geniculata, Ehrenb. Cor all. des Roth. Meer. 73.

a. Ayrshire, Rev. D. Landsborough. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. Ayrshire, P. W. Martin, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. Carrickfergus near Belfast, W. Thompson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. f, 9 • On Fucus with Flustra membranacea, Berwick Bay.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. Ayrshire, P. W. Maclagan, M.D. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

85

3. Laomedea gelatinosa.

Yar. a. Stem a single tube, subramose.

Yar. j3. Stem compound, ramose, Johnst. B. Z. pi. 27. fig. 1.
Corallina confervoides gelatinosa alba, geniculis crassiusculis pel-
Incidis, Raii Syn. i. 34. no. 7*

Corallina filiformis ramosa pedunculis calyculorum contortis,
Ellis , Corail. pi. 38. fig. 3, & p. 23. pi. 12. fig. c, C.
Sertularia gelatinosa, Pall. Elench. 116 ; Stew. Elem. vi. 444.
Halecium gelatinosa, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92.

Laomedea gelatinosa, Lamx. Corail. 92 ; Thompson , Ann. Nat.
Hist. v. 251 ; Hassall , vi. 169 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 21 ;

Com. Faun. iii. 39. pi. 10. fig. 2 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
p. 105. t. 25. figs. 3, 4, ed. 2. 472.

Campanularia gelatinosa, Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 254 ; Van
Beneden, Campan. 33. pi. 1, 2.

Sertularia dichotoma, in part, Lister , Phil. Trans. 1834, 372,
375. pi. 10. fig. 1.

La Sertoiara dicotoma, Carol. Pol. Mar. 194. t. 7- figs. 5-8.

a. Dublin. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, *M.D.

4. Laomedea Flemingii.

Campanularia Flemingii, Milne Edwards.

Sertularia gelatinosa, Flem. Edinb. Phil. Journ. ii. 84 ; Phil.
Zool. ii. 616. t. 5. fig. 3.

Campanularia gelatinosa, Flem. Brit. Anim. 549.

Laomedea gelatinosa, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. explan, plates , t. 25.
Inhab.

5. Laomedea obliqua.

Laomedea obliqua, Saunders in litt. 5. Jan. 1841 ; Johnst. Hist.

Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 106. t. 28. fig. 1.

Campanularia, Lister , Phil. Trans. 1834, 372. pi. 8. fig. 5.
a. Brighton, 1838, W. W. Saunders, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Capsularia.

Capsularia, Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 665, 1798.

Campanularia, Lamk. Hist. 1816.

Campanulaire, Lamk. Ext. du Cour. 1812 (no charact.).
Laomedea, sp. Blainv.

Lafea, Lamx. Exp. Meth.

Clytea, Lamx. 1812 (charact.).

Halecium /3, sp. Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92, 1815.

Sertularia /3, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92, 1815.

86

BRITISH RADIATA.

* Cam PANUL ARIA.

1. Capsularia volubilis.

Small climbing Coralline with bell-sliaped cups, Ellis, Corail.
24. no. 21. pi. 14. fig. a, A; Phil. Trans, xlviii. 629. pi. 22.
no. 2; Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 491. pi. 12. fig. 2. B.
Polyporum species, Bast. Opusc. Subs. i. p. 41. t. 2. fig. 1 a. &

fig. 7 b-

Sertularia volubilis, Linn. Syst. 1311 ; Ellis and Soland. Zooph.
51. pi. 4. figs, e,/, E, F; copied into Kirby's Bridgw. Treat.
i. pi. 2. fig. 2; Berk. Syn. i. 218; Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92;
Fabr. Faun. Groenl. 444 ; Esper , Pflanz. Sert. t. 30. figs. 1,2;
Turt. Brit. Faun. 214 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 444.

S. uniflora, Pall. Elench. 121 ; Ellis, Phil. Trans. Ivii. 437. pi. 19.
%• 9-

Clytia volubilis, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184 ; Cor. Flex.

202 ; Expos. Meth. 13. pi. 4. figs, e, F.

Campanularia volubilis, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 113, ed. 2. ii.
132 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 548; Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 309;
Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 255 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist.
ix. 466; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 22; Corn. Faun. 40. pi. 11.
fig. 1 ; Van Beneden, Campan. 36. pi. 3. figs. 7? 8 ; Blainv.
Act. 47 2. pi. 84. fig. 2 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. p. 108.
fig. 18, ed. 2. 472.

a. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. On Plumularia falcata. Torquay, Mrs. Griffith, Oct.
1846. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Donagliadee, Sept. 1840. G. Ilyndman, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. With vesicles. Goran, 30th Nov. 1844. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

e. f. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Capsularia integra.

Campanularia integra, Macgilliv. Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 465;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 109. t. 28. fig. 2.

Camp, lsevis?. Couch, Corn. Faun. 42.

a. Hastings. W. W. Saunders, Esq., 1840. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Capsularia Syringa.

Creeping Bell- Coralline, Ellis ^ Corall. 25. pi. 14. fig. b, B.
Sertularia Syringa, Linn. Syst. 1311 ; Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92;
Berk. Syn. i. 218.

BRITISH RADIATA.

87

S. volubilis, Pall. Elench. 122.

S. repens, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 52.

Clytia Syringa, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 185 ; Cor. Flex .
203.

Campanularia Syringa, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. 113, ed. 2. ii. 132;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 548 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 256 ;
Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 251 ; Macgilliv. Ann. Sf Mag.
Nat. Hist. ix. 465; Couch, Zooph. Cornw.22; Corn. Faun.
41. pi. 11. fig. 2; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 169 ;
Van Beneden, Camp. 37. pi. 3. fig. 9 (opt.) ; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 110. fig. 19. 472.
a, h. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Cap sul aria lacerata.

Campanularia lacerata, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. pi. 28.

fig. 3. P. 111.

a. On Plumularia falcata. Berwick Bay. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

5. Capsularia Isevis.

Campanularia Isevis, Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 42.

Inhab. Polperro, Couch.

** Clytia.

6. Capsularia verticillata.

Horse-tail Coralline with bell-shaped cups, Ellis, Corail. 23.
no. 20. pi. 13. fig. a, A.

Sertularia verticillata, Linn. Syst. 1310; Pall. Elench. 115;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 50 ; Berk. Syn. i. 218 ; Hogg’s
Stock. 34.

Clytia verticillata, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184; Cor.
Flex. 202.

Halecium verticillata, Oken, Lehrh. Nat. 92.

Campanularia verticillata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 113, ed. 2.
ii. 131 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 550; Templeton , Mag. Nat. Hist.
ix. 466 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 23 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 42. pi. 11.
fig. 4; Hassall, Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 169; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 112. t. 26. figs. 3, 4. 472; Daly ell,
Anim. Scotl. i. 218. t. 42.

La Laomedee verticillee, Blainv. Act. 475. pi. 84. fig. 3.

a. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

88

BRITISH RADIATA.

*** Lafea, Lamx.

7 . Capsularia dumosa.

Corallina astaci corniculomm semuli, Petiv. Plant. Ital. pi. 2.

fig. 10.

Sertularia volubilis /3, Pall. Elench. 123.

Sertularia dumosa, Flem. Edinb. Phil. Journ. ii. 83.

^ Tubularia tubifera, Johnst. Edinb. Phil. Journ. xiii. 222. pi. 3.

^ figs- 2> 3-

Lafea cornuta, Lamx. ; Soland. Zooph. 5. pi. 65. figs. 12, 14.
Campanularia dumosa, Flem. Brit. Anim. 548 ; Johnst. Trans.
Newc. Soc. ii. 254. pi. 11. fig. 1 ; Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 42;

^ Reid , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. 393 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 113. figs. 20-22. t. 27. figs. 2-5. 472 ; Dalyell ,
Anim. Scotl. i. 221. t. 46. f. 22, 23.

:J. Cornularia dumosa. Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 39.

' } Cornularia rugosa, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 238 ; not Cavolini.
Siphytus obconicus, Rafinesq. Caratt. (1810), 96. t. 20. fig. 8?
a,b,c,d,e. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D/0* q.^,72

g. On Flustra. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D. I %.,U

h. On fragments of sea-weed. Presented by G. Johnston,

M.D. <?>U. H

i. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston,

M.D. (%ipl J2 qj

3. CONCHELLA.

Campanularia, sp. Couch, Corn. Faun. 41, 1844 ; Dalyell, Anim.
Scotl. 224.

1. Conchella intertexta.

Campanularia intertexta, Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 41. 1. 11. fig. 3;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 109.

Sertularia Campanularia arcta, Dalyell, Anim. Scotl. 224. t. 42.
a, b, c. On Sertularia. Zetland. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

Doubtful Species.

Cymodoce, Lamx. 1816 ; Blainv. 1830.

1. Cymodoce simplex.

Cymodoce simplex, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 216. pi. 7- fig. 2; Blainv.

Act. 487- pi. 81. fig. 4; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 116.
Laomedea geniculata (injured), Couch, Corn. Faun. 43.

a. “English coast, from M. Lamouroux’s collection.” Leach.

BRITISH RADIATA.

89

2. Cymodoce comata.

Cymodoce comata, Lamx. Exp. Meth. 15. pi. 67. figs. 12, 13 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 117.

Cymodocia comata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 551.

Inhab. “Devonshire, W. E. Leach” Lamouroux.

? Order IV. HYDRINA.
Hydrina, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 120.

Fam. Hydraid^e.

Genus Hydra, Linn. Syst. 1320 ; Pall. Elench. 25 ; Ellis and
Soland. 8 ; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 57 ; Blainv. Act. 494 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 553.

Les Polypes a bras, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 294.

Hydrina pars, Ehrenb. Cor all. des Roth. Meer . 67.

Hydroidse, Johnst. Trans. Berw. Club. p. 107.

Hydraidse, Gray, Syn.Brit. Mus. 76; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.

ed. 2. p. 120; Couch, Corn. Faun. 136.

Polypes nues (P. nuda), Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. 1830.

1. Hydra.

Hydra, Linn. &c.

1. Hydra viridis.

Polypes verds, Trembley, Mem. 22. pi. 1. fig. 1, pi. 3. figs. 1-10.
Freshwater Polypus, Trembley, Phil. Trans, abridg. viii. 623;

Folkes, ibid. 676. pi. 17, & pi. 18. figs. 1-3.

Hydra viridis, Linn. Faun. Suec. 367- no. 1283; Linn. Syst.
1320 ; Mull. Verm. 1, 1 1, 13 ; Zool. Dan. Prod. 230. no. 2783 ;
Encyclop. Method. Vers, pi. 66. figs. 1-8 ; Berk. Syn. i. 221 ;
Ure’s Ruthberg. 232 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 691 ; Turt. Brit. Faun.
218; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 60 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 452. pi. 12.
figs. 4, 5 ; Rees’s Cyclop. Vermes, pi. 5. fig. 1 ; Blumenb. Man.
275. pi. \. fig. 10 ; Bose, Vers, ii. 274 ; Stark, Elem. ii. 443;
Woodward, Mag. Nat. Hist. iii. 349. fig. 89 ; Roget, Bridgw.
Treat, i. 162. figs. 59, & 176-8. figs. 73-76; Adams on the
Microscope, 399. pi. 21 . fig. 5 ; Cams, Comp. Anat. 1. 1. fig. 1 ;
Ehrenb. Corail, des Roth. Meer. 67 ; Landsborough, Scott.
Christ. Herald, n. s. i. 726 ; Thompson, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat.
Hist. vii. 481 ; Johnst. Hist . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 121. fig. 28.
H. viridissima, Pall. Elench. 31.

Third sort of Polype, Baker, Polyp. 19 c. fig.

De Groene Polyp met veale armen, Rosel , Hist . der Insect, iii.
t. 88, 89.

90

BRITISH RADIATA.

Le Polype vert, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 295.

L’Hydre verte, Blainv. Act. 494. pi. 85. fig. 1.

Xnhab.

2. Hydra vulgaris.

Polypes dela seconde espece, Tremb. Mem. pi. 1. figs. 2, 5; pi. 2.
fig. 2; pi. 6. figs. 2, 8; pi. 8. figs. 1, 7 ; pi. 10. figs. 1-7; pi. 11,12,
13. figs. omn. partly copied in Adams’s Micros. 399. pi. 21.
fig. 6; Rosel, Hist, der Insect, iii. ; Polyp, t. 78-83; Ehrenb.
Corall. des Roth. Meer. 68.

Hydra vulgaris, Pall. Elench. 30 ; Ellis, Phil. Trans. Ivii. 430 ;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 9 ; Encyclop. Method. Vers, pi. 67 ;
Rees’s Cyclop. Vermes, pi. 5. fig. 2 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph.
ed. 2. p. 122. t. 29. fig. 2. 473.

H. grisea, Linn. Syst. 1320 ; Mull. Verm. 1. ii. 14 ; Couch, Corn.
Faun. iii. 136; Ur e’ s Ruthberg. 233; Berk. Syn. i. 222; Blu-
menb. Man. 295; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 60; Templeton,
Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 418.

H. brunnea, Templeton, loc. cit. 417- fig. 56 ,

First sort of Polype, Baker, Polyp. 1 7 c. fig.

Polypes d’eau douce, M. Edwards , Elem. de Zool. 10. fig. 1.
Inkab.

3. Hydra attenuata.

Hydra attenuata, Rosel, Ins. iii. ; Polyp, t. 76, 77 ; Pall. Elench.
32 ; Ehrenb. Corall. des Roth. Meer. 68 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 123. t. 29. fig. 1.

H. pallens, Turt. Gmel. iv. 692 ; Lamk. An. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 71.
Inhab.

4. Hydra Oligactis.

Polypes a long bras, Tremb. Mem. pi. 1. figs. 3,4, 6; pi. 2. figs.
1, 3, 4 ; pi. 3. fig. 11 ; pi. 5. figs. 1-4 ; pi. 6. figs. 3-7, 9, 10 ;
pi. 8. fig. 8, 11 ; pi. 9, copied in Adams’s Micros. 399. pi. 21.
fig. 7, 8, pi. 23. A. B, pi. 24. A. B. fig. omnes; Rosel, Hist,
der Insect. Polyp, iii. pi. 84, 87 ; Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 295.
Long-armed Freshwater Polype, Ellis, Corall. xvi. pi. 28. fig. C.

(the tentacula shortened).

Second sort of Polype, Baker, Polyp. 18 c. fig.

Hydra Oligactis, Pall. Elench. 29 ; Ehrenb. Corall. des Roth.

Meer. 68; Johnst. Hist. B. Z. ed. 2. p. 124. fig. 27. p. 120.
H. fusca, Linn. Syst. 1320 ; Encyclop. Method. Vers, pi. 69.
figs. 1-9 ; Rees’s Cyclop. Vermes, pi. 5. fig. 3 ; Ellis fy Soland.
Zooph. 9; Blumenb. Man. 275; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 60.
Hydra verrucosa, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 418. fig. 57;

Allman, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. 328.

Inhab.

BRITISH RADIATA.

91

Class V. POLYZOA.

Polyzoa, J. V. Thompson, Zool. Research. Mem. v. 92; J. E.
Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 133 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed 2.
p. 253.

Bryozoa, Ehrenberg, Corail, des Roth. Meer. 153 ; Jones, Anim.

Kingd. 107, 117 ; Owen, Led. 93, 101.

Molluscan Zoophytes s. Zoophyta Ascidioida, Johnst. Mag. Zool.

Sf Bot. i. 448 ; Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 84.

Les Bryozoarides, Audouin and Milne Edwards, Lam . Anim. s.
Vert. ed. 2. ii. 104.

Ciliobrachiata, Farre, Phil . Trans. 1837.

Polypes tuniciens, M. Edwards, Mem. 16.

Polypiaria pars, Blainv. Did. Sci . Nat. 1830, lx. 364.

Order I. CARNOSA.

Polyzoa carnosa, J. E. Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 135 (1842).

Pam. 1. Alcyonidiadas.

Alcyoniadse, Johnst. Trans. Berw. Nat. Club. i. 108 (1836).
Alcvonidulse, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. 300.

Halcyonellea, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 358.
Alcyonidiadse, Gray, Syn . Brit. Mus. 1842, 135.

1. Alcyonidium.

Alcyonidium, Lamx . Gen. Thalas. 71, 181 3; Exp. Meth. 71, 1821 ;
Gray , Brit. PL i. 353; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1.300,
ed. 2. 350 ; Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 132.

Alcyonium ,Flem.Brit. An. 1828,517 ; Blainv. 1830 (not Lamx.).
Alcyonium, sp. Pallas; Ellis.

Halodactylus, Farre, Phil. Trans. 1837; Van Beneden.

Fucus, sp. Ray.

Ulva, sp. Hudson.

Egg of a naked Gasteropodous Mollusca, D’Orb. Mem. Mus. vi.

181 .

Epipetrum, Olcen, Lehrb. Nat. 80, 1815.

1. Alcyonidium gelatinosnm.

Fucus spongiosus nodosus, Ger. Herb. Emac. 1570. no. 10. fig. ;
Rail Syn. i. 49. no. 42.

Alcyonium, seu Fucus nodosus et spongiosus, Ellis, Corail. 87-
no. 5. pi. 32. fig. d, D.

92

BRITISH RADIATA.

Alcyonium ramosum molle, multis polypis obsessum, Bast. Opusc.
Subs . i. 40. t. 1. fig. 5. A, B.

Alcyonium gelatinosum, Pall. Blench. 353; Linn. Syst. 1295;
Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 240; Esper , Pflanz. t. 18. A. figs. 1, 2 •
Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 255 ; Zool. Dan. iv. 30. t. 147 ; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 176 ; Jameson , Wern.Mem. i. 563; Stew.
Elem. ii. 432 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 517 ; Lamx. Cor. Flex . 350;
Blainv . Diet. Sc. Nat . lx. 488; Act. 525. pi. 92. fig. 1.

Ulva diaphana, Eng. Bot. pi. 263 ; With. Bot. Arrang. iv. 121 ;

Hull. Brit. FI. ii. 312 ; Lam. and Decand. Flor. Frang. ii. 6.
Epipetrum gelatinosum, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 80, 1815.

Alcyonidium diaphanum, Lamx. Gen . Thalas. 71- t. 7* fig- 4;
Expos. Meth. 71; Gray , Brit . PI. i. 353; Hook. FI. Scot.
ii. 75; Loud. Encyclop. PI. 928. no. 15045; Couch, Corn.
Faun. iii. 133.

Al. flavescens, Loud. Encyclop. PI. 928. no. 15046.
Halodactylus diaplianus, Farre, Phil. Trans. 1837, 405. pi. 25,
26 ; Van Beneden, Recherch. 60. pi. 8. fig. 12.

Alcyonidium gelatinosum, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 300. pi. 41. figs.
1-3 ; Couch, Corn. Faun. 132; W. Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist.
v. 253 ; Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag . Nat. Hist. vii. 370 ; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 358. t. 68. figs. 1-3.

a. In spirits. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. In spirits. W. E. Leach, M.D.

2. Alcyonidium hirsutum.

Alcyonium gelatinosum, Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 447 ; Esper, PJlanz.
Alcyon. t. 18. fig. 1.

A. hirsutum, Flem. Brit. Anim. 517 ; Johnston, Zool. Journ. iv.
418, & Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 251. pi. 9. fig. 1 ; Blainv. Diet.
Sci. Nat. lx. 488.

Alcyonidium hirsutum, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 303. pi. 42. figs. 1,2;
Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 370. pi. 10. figs. 3, 4;
Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 133 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.
p. 361. t. 69. figs. 1, 2.

Halodactylus hirsutus, VanBened. Recherch. 61. pi. 8. figs. 3-8.
a. Dry, on paper. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

3. Alcyonidium parasiticum.

Alcyonium parasiticum, Flem. Brit. Anim. 518; Blainv. Diet.
Sci. Nat. lx. 488.

Alcyonidium parasiticum, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 304. pi. 41. figs,
4, 5 ; Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 134 ; Hassall , Ann. Sf Mag. Nat.
Hist. vii. 370 ; Reid, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. 393 ; Johnst .
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 362. t. 68. figs. 4, 5.

BRITISH RADIATA.

93

Halodactylus parasiticus, Van Beneden , Recherch. 62. pi. 8. tigs.
9-12.

a. Dry, on Plumularia foliat a. Frith of Forth. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. On Thoa halecina. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. PuLMONELLUM.

Pulmonelhim, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. (1830), 489.

Alcyonium, sp. Ellis , Cor. 82 Pallas , Zooph. 356 ; Oken, Lehrb.
Nat. 82, 1815.

Mazina, sp. Oken , Lehrb. Nat. (1815), 84.

1. PULMONELLUM Ficus.

Alcyonium pulmonis instar lobatum, Ellis, Cor all. 82. t. 17- B.
Alcyonium Ficus, Pallas , Zooph. 356 ; not Esper.

Pulmonellum Ficus, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. (1830) ; Man. Act.

526. t. 92. f. 3, cop. Ellis.

Mazina pulmoniforme, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 84.

Inhab. Kent, Ellis.

3. Cycloum.

Cycloum, Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist . vii. 433; Johnst .
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 364, 1847.

1. Cycloum papillosum.

Cycloum papillosum, Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 483 ;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 364. t. 70.

a, b, c, d. Dry, on Fucus serratus. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

4. Sarcochitum.

Sarcochitum, Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 434 ; Johnst .
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 466, 1847-

1. Sarcochitum polyoum.

Sarcochitum polyoum, Johnst. Hist . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 366.
t. /I ; Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 434.

a, b. Dry, on Fucus serratus. Presented by G. Johnston,

M.D.

Fam. 2. Pedicellinid^s.

Polypiaria pedicellinea, P. Gervais, Ann. des Sci. Nat. vii. (1837),
80.

Pedicellinse, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 381.

94

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Pedicellina.

Pedicellina, Sars, Besk. 4, 1835; Van Beneden, Nouv. Mem.

Acad. Brux. xix. 4 /. t. 12.

Cardua, Hass all, MSS.

Crinomorpha, Van Beneden, MSS. 1837.

Lusia, Milne Edwards in Lamk. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 72,
1836.

Hydra, sp. Bose.

Hydra /3, Flem. Brit. Anim. 1828.

1. Pedicellina echinata.

Fleshy Polypes of a red colour and a particular kind, Ellis, Cor all.
pi. 38. fig 5. E, F.

Hydra coronata, Flem. Brit. Anim,. 554 ; Lister, Phil. Trans.
1834, p. 385. pi. 12. fig. 6; Sharpey, Cyclop. Anat. Sf Phys.
i. p. 610. fig. 293.

Pedicellina ecliinata, Sars, Besk. 5. pi. 1. fig. 1 ; Hassall, Ann.
8f Mag. Nat. Hist. yii. 365 ; W. Thompson, ibid. xiii. 440 ;
Ann. Nat. Hist. xv. 312. pi. 20. fig. 5 ; J. Reid, ibid. xvi. 390 ;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 382. t. 70. fig. 5 ; Van
Beneden, Nouv. Mem. Acad. Brux. xix. 47- t. 1, 2.

? Hydra lutea, Bose, H. N. Vers, ii. 236. t. 22. fig. 2 ; Lamk. Hist.
ed. 2. ii. 60.

Lusia, M. Edwards in Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. ii. 72.

a, b. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
c. In spirits with Eucratea chelata. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

Note. — “ Forbesia, H. D. S. Goodsir, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist.
xv. 380. t. 20. fig. 4, is the skin of a worm.” — Dr. Melville.

Order II. CORNEA.

Polyzoa cornea, J. E. Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 135.

Fam. 1. VESICULARIADiE.

Vesiculariadse, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 135.

Vesicularina, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 367.

1. Amathia.

Amathia, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Philom. iii. 184, 1812 (Sert. lendigera).
Serialaria, Lamk. 1812 (no char.), 1816; Blainv. 1830, 1834.
Sertularia, sp. Pallas.

Pennaria (type), Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 93, 1815.

BRITISH RADIATA.

95

1. Amathia lendigera.

Fucoides lendigerum capillamentis Cuscutae instar implexis, Raii
Syn. 38. no. 3.

Nit Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 27. no. 24. pi. 15. fig. b, B.
Sertularia lendigera, Linn. Syst. 1311 ; Pall. Elench. 124 ; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 52 ; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 289 ; Esper,
Pflanz. Sert. t. 9. figs. 1, 2; Turt. Gmel. iv. 682; Rerlc. Syn.

1. 218; Stew. Elem. ii. 445 ; Wern. Mem. i. 564; Turt. Brit.
Faun. 215; Bose, Vers, iii. 117; Hogg’s Stock. 33; Lister,
Phil. Trans. 1834, 384.

La Sertolara lendinosa, Carol. Polip. Mar. 229. t. 9. figs, 1, 2;

D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 146.

Serialaria lendigera, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 130, ed. 2. ii. 169;
Risso, VEurop. Merid. v. 315 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 547 ; Stark.
Elem. ii. 439 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 467 ; Couch,
Zooph. Cornw. 37 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 94. pi. 16. fig. 4 ; Blainv.
Act. 476. pi. 38. fig. 2; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.
p. 369.

Amathia lendigera, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184 ; Cor.

Flex. 159; Expos. Method, p. 10; Corail. 68.

Pennaria lendigera, Oken, Lehrh. Nat. 93.

a. Dry, on paper. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Dry, on paper. Coast of Northumberland. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Dry. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Belfast Bay, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

2. Vesicularia.

Vesicularia, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 370.

Vesicularia, sp. J. V. Thompson.

Valkeria / 3, Flem. Brit. Anim. 551, 1828.

Laomedea, sp. Lamx . 1812 ; Blainv. 1834.

Halecium a, sp. Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 92, 1815.

1. Vesicularia spinosa.

Conferva marina cancellata, Raii Syn. i. 59. no. 11 ; Dill. Hist.
Muse. 24. no. 22. pi. 4. fig. 22, fide D. Turner, Linn. Trans.
vii. 106.

Conferva cancellata, Linn. Syst. ii. 720 ; With. Bot. Arrang.'w . 131.
Silk Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 20. no. 17- pb 11. figs, b, B, c, D.
Sertularia spinosa, Linn. Syst. 1312; Ellis and Soland. Zooph.
48 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 682 ; Esper, Pflanz. Sert. t. 28. figs. 1,

2, 3; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 564; Bose, Vers, iii. 118;
Berk. Syn. i. 219 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 446; Turt. Brit. Faun. 215;
Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 120, ed. 2. ii. 148; Hogg’s Stock. 33.

Sertularia sericea, Pall. Elench. 114.

96

BRITISH RADIATA.

Laomedea spinosa, Lamx. Bull . Soc. Philom. 1812, iii. 184;
Corall. 91 ; Blainv. Actinol. 474; Templeton , Mag. Nat. Hist.
ix. 466.

Valkeria spinosa, Flem. Brit. Anim. 551 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw.
38.

Vesicularia spinosa, J. V. Thompson, Zool. Illust. 98. pi. 3.
figs. 1-8; Farre, Phil. Trans. 1837, 401. pi. 22; Johnst.
Brit. Zooph. 250. pi. 29. figs. 1-4 ; Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag.
Nat. Hist. vi. 170 ; Van Beneden, Les Bryozoaires, 30. pi. 4.
fig. c ; Couch, Corn. Faun . iii. 94. pi. 17. fig. 1 ; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 370. t. 72. figs. 1-4.

a, h. Dry, on paper. Cork, J. V. Thompson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Dry, on paper. Belfast Bay, W. Thompson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Dry, on paper. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Beania.

Beania, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 371 .

1. Beania mirabilis.

Beania mirabilis, Johnst. Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 272 ; Hist. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 372. f. 69, 70.

a. On a Pecten maximus “with Lepralia annulata , L ,
immersa , Tuhipora hispida, and T. orhiculus Presented
hv G. Johnston, M.D.

h. On Anomia. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Valkeria.

Valkeria, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 1847, ed. 2. p. 373.

Valkeria a, Flem. Brit. Anim. 550, 1828.

Vesicularia, sp. J. V. Thompson.

Cuscutaria, Blainv. Diet. S. N. lx. 461, 1830; Act. 497, 1834.
Campanularia, sp. Blainv. Man. Act.

Clytia, sp. Lamx. 1816.

Sertularia, sp. Lamx. 1812.

Peripyxis, Ehrenb. Cor. Both. Meer. 1834.

* Cuscutaria.

1. Valkeria Cuscuta.

Climbing Dodder-like Coralline, Ellis, Corall. 28. no. 26. pi. 14.
fig. c, C.

BRITISH RAD I AT A.

97

Sertularia Cuscuta, Linn. Syst. 1311 ; Pall. Elench. 125; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 53; Berk. Syn. i. 218 ; Mull. Zool. Dan.
iii. 62. t. 117- figs. 1-3; Turt. Gmel. iv. 680; Tart. Brit.
Faun. 2 14; Wern. Mem. i. 564; Bose , Vers , iii. 113; Stew.
Elem. ii. 444 ; Fleming , Wern. Mem. iv. 485. pi. 15. fig. 1 ;
Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184.

Yalkeria Cuscuta, Flem. Brit. Anim. 550 ; Farre, Phil. Trans.
183/, 402. pi. 23 ; Hassall , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 286 ;
Van Beneden , Les Bryozoaires, 27- pi. 4. fig. 13 ; Couch, Corn.
Faun. iii. 96. pi. 17. fig. 3; Johnst. Hist. B. Z. ed. 2. p. 374.
Vesicularia Cuscuta, Thomp. Zool. Illust. 97. pi. 2. figs. 1-4.
Cuscutaria Cuscuta , Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 461; Actinol.
497. pi. 82. fig. 2.

Peripyxis Cuscuta, Ehrenb. Corail. Both. Meer. 74.

a. Dry, on paper. Cork harbour, J. Y. Thompson, Esq.

Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h . Dry, on paper, with Sertularia polyzonias and Cellularia
reptans. Ayrshire. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Dry, on paper. Bootle, Cheshire. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

d. Ayrshire. P. W. Martin, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

e. Devonshire, Mrs. E. Griffith. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

/. Dry. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. Dry. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h . Belfast Bay, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

i. Ayrshire, P. W. Maclagan, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

j. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

** Yalkeria.

2. Yalkeria Uva.

Grape Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 27. no. 25. pi. 15. figs, c, C, D.
Sertularia Uva, Linn. Syst. 1311 ; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 53;
Berk. Syn. i. 218; Turt. Gmel. iv. 682; Turt. Brit. Faun . 215 ;
Stew. Elem. ii. 445 ; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 564 ; Bose, Vers ,
iii. 117 ; Hogg’s Stock. 34.

Clytia Uva, Lamour. Corail. 89 ; Templeton, Mag , Nat. Hist.
ix. 466.

Yalkeria Uva, Flem. Brit. Anim. 551 ; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat.
Hist. vi. 170 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 38 ; Couch, Corn. Faun .
iii. 95. pi. 16. fig. 5; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 3 75.
Campanularia ovifera , Blainv. D. S. N. lx. 438; Man. Act. 473.
Inhab.

.98

BRITISH RADIATA.

*** Vesicularella.

3. Valkeria pustulosa.

Vulkaria pustulosa, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 376.

Dichotomous tubular Coralline, Ellis, Cor all. 54. pi. 27- fig. b, B.

Sertularia pustulosa, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 54 ; Turt. Gmel.
iv. 680 ; Bose, Vers, iii. 113 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 444 ; Turt. Brit .
Faun. 214; Flem. Brit. Anim. 551.

Vesicular ia pustulosa, Thomp. Zool. Illust. 99. pi. 1. figs. 5-11.

a. Dry, on paper. Cork harbour, J. Y. Thompson, Esq.

Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. Dry, on paper. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

5. Bowerbankia.

Bowerbankia, Farre, Phil . Trans. 1837 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.
ed. 1. 255, ed. 2. 377.

Yalkeria, sp. Coldstream ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1.254, 1838.

Serialaria, Templeton.

1 . Bowerbankia imbricata.

Bowerbankia imbricata, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 377.
fig. 71- t. 72. figs. 5, 6.

Primary state. Bowerbankia densa, Farre, Phil. Trans. 1837,
p. 391. pi. 20, 21 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 255; W. Thompson,
Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 252 ; Van Beneden, Les Bryozoaires, 29.
pi. 4. fig. A.

Adult state. Sertularia imbricata, Adams, Linn. Trans, v. 11 . pi. 2.
figs. 5-1 1 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 683 ; Turt. Brit. Faun . 216 ; Stew.
Elem. ii. 450; Thomp. Zool. Illust. 94. pi. 1. figs. 1-4.

Yalkeria glomerata, Coldstream, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. ix. 235.
pi. 2. figs. 1, 2; Edinb. Journ. Nat. fy Geog. Sc. iii. 53.

Serialaria imbricata et S. verticillata, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist.
ix. 467- fig. 66.

Yalkeria imbricata, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 254; Hassall, Ann. Sf
Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 363. pi. 8. fig. 2 ; Couch, Corn. Faun.
iii. 95. pi. 17. fig. 2.

a. Dry, on paper. Cork harbour, J. V. Thompson, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b . Dry, on paper. Youghal, Miss Ball. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

c. d, e. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. In spirits (primary state). Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

g. In spirits (secondary state). Southampton. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

99

6. Farrella.

Lagenella, Farre, Phil. Trans. 1837 ; not Ehrenberg , 1832.
Farrella, Ehrenberg , Ann. &f Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 303 ; Johnst.

Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 380.

Laguncula, Van Beneden, Mem. 5, 1845.

Bowerbankia, sp. Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1. 256, 1838.

1. Farrella repens.

Farrella repens, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 380.
Lagenella repens, Farre , Phil. Trans. 1837, p. 403. pi. 24 ; W.
Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 252 ; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag.
Nat. Hist. vii. 364.

Bowerbankia repens, Johnst. Brit. Zooph . 256.

Laguncula repens. Van Beneden, Recherch. 25. pi. 1 & pi. 2 A.
a. Dry, on paper, with Cellularia scuposa and C. ciliata.
Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

Fam. 2. Cristatellid^e.

Polypes douteux (P. dubia), Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. 1830, lx.
455.

Polypiaria bippocrepia, P. Gervais, Ann. des Sc. Nat. vii. (1837),
p. 77 (from Blainv.).

Limniades, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1. 248, 1838; Allman, Ann.
Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii.

Polyzoa bippocrepia, J. E. Gray, Syn.Brit. Mus. (1842), p. 135 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 386, 1847.

Cristatellidse, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 135.

Cristatellidse & Plumatellidse, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 387-391,
1847.

1. Cristatella.

Cristatella, Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 656, 1797 ; R . A. 1817 ; Oken,
Lehrb. Nat. 54.

Cristatella, Lamk. 1801, animal only, Lamk. 1818.

1. Cristatella Mucedo.

De kleine Vederbos-poly, met. het. balvormig lyf, Rosel, Hist.

der Insect, iii. ; Polyp. 517- pi. 91.

Cristatella Mucedo, Cuv. Tab. Elem. 656 (1797); Reg.Anim. iii.
296; Gervais, Ann. des Sc. Nat. Part. Zool. vii. 77, n. s.;
Turpin, ibid. vii. 65. pi. 2, 3. figs. 1-7 ; Allman, Athenaeum,
Sept. 1846, p. 1005; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 387-
%. 72.

C. stagnorum, Lamk. Syn. 385 (animal, not sponge).

Cristatella Centrifuga, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 54.

e 2

100

BRITISH RADIATA,

C. vagans, Lamk. Anim . s. Vert. ii. 97 , ed. 2. ii. 110; Blainv.
Actinol. 489, 678. pi. 85. fig. 7; Bose, Vers, iii. 180. pi. 30.
fig. 9 ; Stark. Elem. ii. 442.

C. mirabilis, Daly ell, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. xvii. 414 ; Rep .
Brit. Assoc. 1834, 604.

Inhab. Fresh water, Scotland, Daly ell. Ireland, Allman .

2. Alcyonella.

Pharetria, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 53, 1815.

Alcyonella, Lamk. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 100, 1816; Expos. Meth .

71, 1821 ; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 456, 1830.

Plumatella, sp. Bose, Hist. Vers, iii. 80?, 1822; Lamk. Hist.

Anim. s. Vert. ii. 107 (not Syst. 1801).

Naisa (sp.?), Lamx. Pol. Flex. 223, 1816.

Tubularia a, Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 664 (1798).

Tubularia, Vaucher, Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 158 (1812).

Tubularia, sp. Linn.; Pallas.

Cristatella, Flem. Brit. Anim. 518 (1828).

Fedel and Roehrel, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 53, 1815.

1. Alcyonella campanulata.

Variation a, sponge-like, massive.

Alcyonium fluviatile, Brug. Ency. Meth. 24. 410 ; Bose, Vers, iii.

159; Lamx. Cor. Flex. 354 ; Cor all. 250.

Ephydatia Gibbsii, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 353.

Alcyonella stagnorum, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 102, ed. 2. ii. 442 ;
Lamx. Soland. t. 76. figs. 5-8 (bad); Teale, Trans. Leeds
Phil. Sf Lit. Soc. i. 116. pi. 12; Mag. Zool. Sf Bot. i. 293;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 391. figs. 73, 74, 75. t. 74.
478; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 456; Actinol. 491. pi. 85.
fig. 8. ]

A. fluviatilis, Raspail, Mem. dela Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de Paris, iv.
130. pi. 12-16.

Variation /3, see Lamx. Pol. Flex. 223, 354 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.
ed. 2. p. 390.

Polypes a Panache, Tremb. Mem. 210. pi. 10. figs. 8, 9 ; Reaum.
Mem. des Insect, vi. pref. lxxvi.

The Bell-flower Animal or Plumed Polype, Baker, Employ. Mi-
cros. 306. pi. 12. figs. 15-22.

Hydra campanulata, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 817-
Tubularia crystallina, Pall. Elench. 85.

T. campanulata, Linn. Syst. 1303; Berk. Syn. i. 215; Shaw,
Nat. Misc. x. pi. 354 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 668 ; Turt. Brit. Faun.
211 ; Adams on the Microscope, 449. pi. 22. fig. 32; Bose,
Vers, iii. 92; Blumenb. Man . 272; Cuv. Tab. Elem. 665.

BRITISH RADIATA.

101

Leucophra heteroclita, Mull. Infus. 158. pi. 32. figs. 27-34, co-
pied in Encyclop. Method . Vers , pi. 11. figs. 40-46 (in its
foetal condition).

T. reptans, Bose, Vers, iii. 93 ; Blumenb. Naturg. 440.
Plumatella cristata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 107, ed. 2. ii. 122 ;

Stark. Elem. ii. 441 ; Blainv. Actinol. 490.

PI. campanulata, Risso, UEurop. Merid. v. 308.

Naisa reptans, Lamx. Corail. Flex. 99. pl. 6. fig. 4, from Trembley .
Cristatella campanulata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 518.

C. paludosa, Daly ell, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1834, 606.

Fedel, or Tub. crystallina s. reptans, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 53.
Roehrel, or Tub. gelatinosa s. campanulata, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 53.

a. A rounded mass. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b . In Sticks, Serpentine River, Hyde Park, Middlesex.

c. In an expanded mass. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Plumatella.

Plumatella, Bose, Hist. Vers, iii. 80 (1802); Lamk. Hist. Anim.

s. Vert. ii. 108 (1816) ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 402 (1847).
Naisa, Lamx. Pol. Flex. 222 (1816).

Tubipora, sp. Linn.

Tubularia, sp. Muller ; Cuvier , Tab. Elem. 665 ; Vaucher, Bull.
Soc. Philom. iii. 158.

1. Plumatella repens.

Tubipora repens, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 790.

Tubularia repens, Mull. Verm. ii. 16; Zool. Dan. Prod. 254;
Bose, Vers, iii. 93.

Roehrel, or T. repens, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 54.

Tubul. reptans, Turt. Gmel. iv. 669 ; Cuvier, Tab. Elem. 665 ;
Vaucher, Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 1. 19. figs. 1-5 ; Schaeffer, Armpol.
1754, t. 1. figs. 1, 2.

Plumatella repens, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 108, ed. 2. ii. 123;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 522 ; Stark. Elem. ii. 441 ; Landsborough,
Scot. Christ. Herald, n. s. 1. 727 > Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat.
Hist. x. 153; G. J. Allman, Proc. R. Irish Acad. 1843; W.
Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 254; Allman, Ann. fy Mag.
Nat. Hist. xiii. 330 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 403.
Naisa repens, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 98.

a. Dry, on a submerged leaf of Plantago major, in a pond
at Lismoyne near Belfast, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Plumatella emarginata.

Plumatella emarginata, Allman, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii.

331 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 404.

Inhab. Freshwater. Dublin, Bandon, Allman.

102

BRITISH RADIATA.

3. Plumatella fruticosa.

Plumatella fruticosa, Allman , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 331 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 404.

Inhab. Fresh water. Dublin, Bandon, Glandore, Allman.

4. Naisa.

Naisa, sp. Lamx. Pol. Flex. 224.

Fredericella, P. Gervais, Ann. Sci. Nat.

Plumatella, sp. Bose , Hist. Vers, iii. 80 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 553.
Tubularia, sp. Blumenb. ; Cuv. Tab. Flem. 665.

1. Naisa sultana.

Tubularia sultana, Blumenb. Man. 272. pi. 1. fig. 9; Cuv. Tab.

Flem. 665 ; Bose. Vers, iii. 93.

Plumatella gelatinosa, Flem. Brit. Anim. 553.

Fredericella sultana, Allman, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 331 ;
W. Thompson, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1843, p.285; Couch, Corn.
Faun. iii. 135 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 405.
Naisa sultana, Lamx. Pol. Flex. 224.

Inhab. Fife, Lochmill-loch, Fleming. Penzance, Couch. Dub-
lin, Bandon, Allman.

2. Naisa dilatata.

Fredericella dilatata, Allman, Ann. 8$ Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 331 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 405.

Inhab. Fresh water. Dublin, Allman.

Fam. 3. Paludicellaid^e.

Paludicellaidse, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p.405.

1. Paludicella.

Paludicella, P. Gervais ; Allman, Proc. R. Irish Acad. 1843;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 405.

1. Paludicella articulata.

Paludicella articulata, G. J. Allman, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 1843,
t. 1 ; Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 331 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 405. fig. 77.

a. Dry, on paper. Lough Earn, W. Thompson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

103

Fam. 4. Flustrad^e.

Flustra, Linn. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 342.

Flustradse, Gray , Appendix , and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.
Escharidae part., Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1. 248, ed. 2. 203;
Gray , Syn. Brit . Mws. 1842, 135.

1. Flustra.

Flustra, sp. Linn.

Flustra, Lamk. Syst. 1801 ; Gray , Appendix.

1 . Flustra foliacea.

Fucus marinus scruposus albidus telam sericeam textura sua
aemulans, Morris , Plist. Plant, iii. 646. t. 8. fig. 16 (bona).
Fucus telam lineam sericeamve textura sua aemulans, Raii Syn .
42. no. 9 ; Jussieu , Mem. Acad. Roy. des Sc. 1742, 298. pi. 10.
fig. 3.

Broad-leaved Hornwrack, Ellis , Corail. 70. no. 2. pi. 29. fig. a , A,
B, h.

Curious Sea-weed, Hooke , Microg. 140. pi. 9. fig. 2, pi. 14. fig. 1.
Eschara foliacea, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 804 ; Pall. Elench. 52.
Flustra foliacea, Linn. Syst. 1300 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 253 ;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 12. pi. 2. fig. 8 ; Esper, Pjlanz.
Flush, t. 1. figs. 1, 2; Van Beneden , Recherch. 56. pi. 7* figs.
11, 17; Berk. Syn. i. 214; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 156,
ed. 2. ii. 219 ; Grant , Edinb. New Phil. Journ. iii. Ill, 337 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 535 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 263 ;
Mag. Nat. Hist. iii. 483. fig. 120; Templeton , ibid. ix. 469;
Risso , L’Europ. Merid. v. 333; Blainv. Actinol. 450. pi. 75.
fig. 1 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 53 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 121. pi. 21.
fig. 1 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 343. t. 62. figs. 1, 2.

a. Dry. Frond short, broad. The Tay, Dundee, W. Jack-
son, jun. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Dry. Frond short, broad. Frith of Forth. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. d, i. Dry. Frond elongate, narrow. Frith of Forth.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Dry. Frond elongate, narrow. Berwick Bay. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. Dry. Frond elongate, end of branches dilated. Ireland,
A. H. Hassall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
g , h. Tay. Presented by Capt. Ducane, R.A.
j. Spread on shell with Lepralia biforis. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

104

BRITISH RADIATA.

2. Flustra membranacea.

Flustra membranacea, JAVm. Syst. 1301; Fabr.Faun. GrcenlA37 ;
Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 253 ; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 18 ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 536 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 265 ;
Blainv. Actinol. 450 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 55 ; Corn. Faun.
iii. 123. pi. 21. fig. 2 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 348.
t. 66. figs. 1, 2, 3.

FI. telacea, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 223 ; Grant, loc.
cit. iii. 111.

Membranipora membranacea, Blainv. Actinol. 447.

a, b, c, d, e. On Fucus. Berwick Bay. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

/. On Gigastina. “ Ayrshire, Rev. D. Landsborough.” Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. On Fucus vesiculosus. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. Patch on Fucus. Holy Island, Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

2. Chartella.

Flustra, sp. Linn. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 343.

Chartella, Gray, Appendix and Proc. Zool. Soc . 1848.

1. Chartella papyracea.

Eschara papyracea utrinque cellifera, summitatibus securis aciei
instar truncatis, Ellis, Corail. pi. 38. fig. 8. *

Flustra papyracea, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 13; Flem. Brit.
Anim. 535 ; Lister, Phil. Trans. 1834, 384. pi. 12. fig. 3 ;
Milne- Edwards, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 220 ; Blainv.
Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 415.

F. chartacea, Turt. Gmel. iv. 663 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 209 ; Stew.
Elem. ii. 436 ; Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 121 ; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 343. t. 60. figs. 5, 6 ; Lamx. Pol. Flex.
104.

a, b, c, d. Dry. Blackrock, Dublin. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

e,f. Dry. Hastings, Sussex. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

2. Chartella securifrons.

Fucus marinus scruposus, Raii Syn. 43. no. 10; Morris, Hist.

Plant. Oxon. iii. 546. t. 1. fig. 17 (opt.).

Narrow-leaved Horn wrack, Ellis, Corail. 69. no. 1 . t.28. fig. 1 . a,
A, B.

Eschara foliacea /3, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 804.

E. securifrons, Pall. Elench. 56.

BRITISH RADIATA.

106

Flustra truncata, Linn. Syst. 1300 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 253 ;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 11; Berk. Syn. i. 214; Esper,
Pfianz. Flust. t. 3. figs. 1, 2; Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 274 ; Larrtk.
Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 219; Grant , loc. cit. Ill ; Flem. Brit.
Anim. 535 ; Johnst. Trans , Newc. Soc . ii. 264. pi. 12. fig. 1 ;
Templeton , Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 469; Johnst. Hist. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 2. p, 344. t. 62. figs. 3, 4 ; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat .
lx. 415.

a. Dry, on paper. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. Dry, on paper. Belfast Bay, R. Paterson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. d. Dry, on paper. Northumberland. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

e. With Sertularia polyzonias. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

3. Carrasea.

Flustra, sp. Linn. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.

Carbasea, Gray , Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

1. Carbasea papyracea.

Porus cervinus, Marsil. Hist. Phys. de la Mer , 64. pi. 6. figs.
25, 26.

Eschara papyrea, Pall. Zooph. 56.

Flustra Carbasea, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 14. pi. 3. figs. 6, 7 ;
Turt. Gmel. iv. 663 ; Jameson , Wern. Mem. i. 563 ; Turt. Brit.
Faun. 209 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 436 ; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2.
ii. 221 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 535 ; Grant , Edin. New Phil.
Journ. iii. Ill ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 264. pi. 9. fig. 4;
Templeton , ut sup. cit. 469; Roget, Bridgw. Treat, i. 165.
figs. 63, 64, & 172. figs. 69, 70; Daly ell, Edin. New Phil.
Journ. xvii. 413; Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1834, 603; Blainv. Diet.
Sci. Nat. lx. 415; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 345.
t. 63. figs. 1, 2.

Flustra papyracea, Esper , Pjlanz. Flust. t. 2. figs. 1-3.

a,b,d. Dry, on paper. Coast of Northumberland. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Dry, on paper. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Avicularia.

Avicularia, J. V. Thompson , MSS. 1847 ; Gray , Proc. Zool. Soc .
1848.

106

BRITISH RABIATAk

1. Avicularia flabellata.

Corallina cum appendiculis lateralibus avium capitum forma,
Ellis, Cor all. pi. 58. fig. 7*

Cellularia Avicularia /3, Pallas, Elench. 68.

Flustra avicularis, Sow. Brit. Misc. ii. 21. pi. 71; Flem. Brit.
Anim. 536 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 265 ; Blainv. Diet.
Sci. Nat. lx. 416; Man. Act. 451 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 54 ;
Corn. Faun. iii. 122; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 346.
t. 63. figs. 3, 4.

F. angustiloba, Lamk. Hist. Anim . s. Vert. ii. 158, ed. 2. ii. 222?
F. capitata, Hogg’s Stock. 36.

Crisia flusttoides, Lamour. Cor all. Flex. 141 ?

Avicularia flabellata, J. V. Thompson, MSS. Brit. Mus.

a. Dry, on paper. Dublin Bay, R. Ball, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

h, c, d. Dry. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Dry, on paper. Cork, J. V. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

5. Flabellaria.

Flabellaria, Gray, Appendix, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Flustra, sp. Johnst . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 347 ; Gray , Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1847.

Sertularia, sp. Olivi , Zool. Adriat . 291.

1. Flabellaria spiralis.

Flustra Murrayana, Bean, MSS. ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph .

ed. 2. p. 347. t. 63. figs. 5, 6.

Sertularia spiralis, Olivi, Zool. Adriat. 291. t. 6. f. 2.

a, h. Dry. Coast of Northumberland. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

c, d, e. “ Flustra Murrayana. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq.”
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

f, q. Dry. “ Zetland, E. Forbes, Esq.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

h, i. Dry. Orkney. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
k. With Cellularia temata. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Flabellaria setacea.

Flustra Ellisii, Flem. Wern. Mem. ii. 251. t. 17* figs. 1-3.
Flustra setacea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 536; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.

p. 346; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 416.

Inhab. Zetland, Northmavine, Fleming, 1808.

BRITISH RADIATA.

107

6. Annulipora.

Annulipora, Gray , Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.
Membranipora, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 327 ; not Blainv.
Discopora, sp. LamJc. 1816.

Flustra, sp. Muller ; Lamk. 1816.

1. Annulipora pilosa.

Irregular spongy foliaceous Coralline, Ellis , Corail. 73. no. 4.
pi. 31.

Eschara pilosa, Pallas, Elench. 50.

Flustra pilosa, Linn. Syst. 1301 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 253 ;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 13; Esper, Pflanz. Flust. t, 4. figs.
1, 2 ; Berlc. Syn. i. 214 ; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 159, ed. 2. ii.
224 ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 415 ; Grant, Edin. New Phil.
Journ. iii. Ill ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 53 7; Risso, L’Europ. Merid.
y. 335 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 265. pi. 9. fig. 5 ; Lister,
Phil. Trans. 1834, 384. pi. 12. fig. 2 ; Templeton , Mag. Nat.
Hist. ix. 469.

Membranipora pilosa, Jo hnst. Brit. Zooph. 280. pi. 34. figs. 10-12;
Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 119 ; Van Beneden, Recherch. 53. figs.
1-10 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 327- t. 56. fig. 6.
Var. 1. On flat sea- weeds assuming a stellate form.
Membranipora pilosa var. a, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 327. t. 56. f. 6.
Membranipora stellata, W. Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 101 ;
Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 369.
a, d. On filiform sea-weed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

e. River Tay. Presented by Capt. Ducane, R.A.
h, c. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

f. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

g. Ireland, with Flustra lineata, W. Thompson, Esq. Pre-»
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. Ireland, with Flustra lineata and Lepralia hyalina, W,
Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Annulipora dentata.

Flustra dentata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 15 ; Turt. Brit. Faun.
209 ; Lamk. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 158, ed. 2. ii. 224 ; Tem-
pleton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 469.

Flustra lineata, Esper, Pflanz. Flust. t. 6 (? not good).
Membranipora pilosa, Farre , Phil. Trans. 1837, 412. t. 27. figs.
1 — 5.

Membranipora pilosa var. /3, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 327.

Eschara millepora, Ellis, Corail. t. 29. fig. D ; Ellis, Phil. Trans .
ahridg. x. 492. t. 12. fig. 4. D.
a. On wood. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

108

BRITISH RADIATA.

7* Flustrella.

Flustrella, Gray , Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Flustra, sp. O. Fabr. ; Blainv. ; Johnst.

Membranipora, sp. Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1. 282.
Alcyonidium, sp. Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 363.

1. Flustrella hispida.

Flustra hispida, Fabr. Faun. Grcenh 438 ; Jameson , Wern. Mem. L
563 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 537 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii.
266. pi. 9. fig. 7 ; Blainv. Act. 450.

Flustra spongiosa, Templeton, Loud. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 469 ;

W. Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 253.

Membranipora spongiosa, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 282.

Flustra carnosa, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 288. pi. 37. fig. 5 ; Couch ,
Corn. Faun. iii. 125 ; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 369.
Alcyonidium ? hispidum, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 363.
a b. Dry, on paper. Flustra spongiosa ! “ From R. Brown,
Esq.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Dry, on paper. Flustra spongiosa. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

d. Dry, on paper. “ Flustra carnosa.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

8. Conopeum.

Conopeum, Gray, Appendix, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Flustra, sp. Hassall, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 369; Johnst. Brit .
Zooph. 350.

Lepralia, sp. Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 350.

Membranipora, sp. Blainv. Man. Act. 447 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph .
ed. 2. 350.

Discopora, sp. Lamk. Hist. ii. 167, ed. 2. ii. 25L
1. Conopeum reticulum.

Millepora reticulum, Esper, Millep. t. 11. figs. 1, 2 (on shell).
Discopora reticulum, Lamk. Hist. ii. 167, ed. 2. ii. 250.
Membranipora reticulum, Blainv. Man. Act. 447.

Flustra distans, Hassall, Ann. Nat. Hist. vii. 369 ; Johnst. Brit.
Zooph. 350.

Flustra hibemica, Hassall , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 172. t. 7.
fig. 1. vii. 370.

Lepralia pedilostoma part., Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 315.
Membranipora membranacea ?, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. t. 57. figs.
11,12.

Flustra Peachii, Couch, 9th Rep. Cornwall Polytechnic Soc. 81.
? Flustra Savartii, Aud. Exp. i. 240, fromSavigny, Egypt. Polypes,
t. 10. fig. 10.

Membranipora Peachii, Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 120. t. 22. fig. 13.

BRITISH RADIATA.

109

a . On rock. “ Flustra distans.” Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

b. On rock. “ Flustra fallax.” Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

c. On slate. “ Flustra Peachii or Lepralia pedilostoma.”
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d . On Mytilus edulis. “ Flustra Peachii, Couch, or Lepralia
pedilostoma.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e . f. On Mytilus edulis. “ Flustra Peachii, from Mr. Peach.”
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. On rock. Lepralia pedilo stoma. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

h. ? On slate. In bad state : the network between the
thinner and discoloured “ Flustra Peachii! a state of
Membranipora membranacea.” Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

t. On a shell. In bad state : like h , “ a state of Membrani-
pora membranacea.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

9. Callopora.

Callopora, Gray, Appendix, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Flustra, sp. Linn. ; Johnst. Brit . Zooph .

1. Callopora lineata.

Flustra lineata, Linn. Syst. 1301 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod . 253 ;
Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 437 ; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 563 ; Couch,
Zooph. Cornw. 55 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 124 ; W. Thompson, Ann.
Nat. Mist. y. 253 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 349,
t. 66. fig. 4. & p. 350.

Flustra spinifera, Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 266. pi. 9. fig. 6.

FI. hirta, Lamour. Cor all. 49 ; Bose, Vers, iii. 144 ; Risso, L’Eu~
rop. Merid. v. 334.

a, b. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. With Lepralia coccinea, L. trispinosa, and L. immersa.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. With Lepralia coccinea. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. On slate, with Lep. coccinea and L. nitida. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. On algae. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. On algae. “ Lepralia nitida var.” Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

h. On stone. “ Flustra fallax, a state of Lepralia tenuis.”
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

no

BRITISH RADIATA.

10. Amphiblestrum.

Ampliiblestrum, Gray , Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.
Membranipora, sp. Blainv. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2 ; M.-Edw.

Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. ii. 225.

Flustra, sp. Muller ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1.

1. Amphiblestrum membranaceum.

Flustra membranacea, Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 253. no. 3054 ;
Zool. Dan. iii. 63. t. 117. figs. 1, 2; Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 437 ;
Lamour. Corail. 47 ; M.-Edw. Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. ii. 225 ;
Blainv. Man. Act. 450.

Membranipora membranacea, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.

p. 328. t. 56. fig. 7- & p.478 ; not Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. 412.
Flustra unicornis, Flem. Edin. Phil. Journ. ii. 87 ; Flem. Brit.

Anim. 236; Blainv. Act. 450; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 266.
Membranipora unicornis, Blainv. D. S. N. lx. 412 ; Man.ActAT] .
Flustra tuberculata, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 289; Bose, Vers, iii. 143.
Flustra Peachii, Couch, Rep. Corn. Polytechnic Soc. 81 (see
Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 478).

a, b, c, d, e. On shells and stone. Berwick Bay. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. On slate. “ Flustra unicornis.” Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

g. On flint. “F. unicornis var.” Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

h. On a shell. “ Lepralia indentata, Hassall? ” Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

N. B. Flustra arenosa, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 17 ; Stew. Elem.

ii. 437 ; Bose, Vers, iii. 142 ; Johnst. Hist. B. Z. ed. 2. p. 350.
Millepora arenosa anglica, Raii Syn. i. 31.

English sandy Millepore, Ellis, Corail. 74. no. 5. pi. 25. fig. e.
Eschara lutosa, Pall. Elench. 37.

Alcyonium arenosum, Turt. Gmel. iv. 564; Turt. Brit. Faun. 207.
According to Mr. Boys “ is undoubtedly the nidus of some marine
animal, as I have found the cells entire, with eggs in each.”
Linn. Trans, v. 231. Mr. J. Hogg has proved that it is the
nidus of Natica monilifera, Linn. Trans, xiv. 318, &c.

Fam. 5. Bugulid^e.

Bugulidse, Gray, Appendix, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Cefiularidse part., Johnst. Brit. Zooph.

Escharidse part., Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1. 248, ed. 2. 264;
Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1847, 135.

BRITISH RADIATA.

Ill

1. Crisularia.

Crisularia, Gray , Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc . 1848.

Crisia, sp. Lamx. 1812, 1816.

Bicellaria, sp. Blainv. 1830.

Cellularia, sp. Pallas ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.

Cellar ia, sp. Soland.

1. Crisularia plumosa.

Corallina pumila erecta ramosior, Raii Syn. i. 37- no. 20. t. 2,
fig. 1 ; Ellis, Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 346. pi. 8. fig. b, B, D.
Soft-feathered Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 33. no. 1. pi. 18. fig. a, A.
Sertularia fastigiata, Linn. Syst. 1314 ; Fabr. Faun. Groenl. 445 ;
Berk. Syn. i. 219.

Cellularia plumosa, Pall. Elench. 66 ; Couch, Corn. Faun, iii,
128. pi. 23. fig. 4; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 341.
t. 61. figs. 1-5.

Cellularia fastigiata, Blumenb. Man. 273 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 539.
Cellaria plumosa, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 21 ; Lamk. Anim. s.
Vert. ed. 2. ii. 120.

Crisia plumosa, Lamour. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 185; Corail.
62.

Crisia fastigiata, Templeton , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 468.
Bicellaria plumosa, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 424 ; Act. 4 59.
a, b, c. Copinsha, 1 mile 37 fathoms, June 1845. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Torquay, Devonshire, Dr. C. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

e, f, g. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. ScUPO CELL ARIA.

Scupocellaria, Van Beneden ; Recherch. 43.

Bicellaria, sp. Blainv. 1830.

Cellularia, sp. Pallas ; Flem.

Cellaria, sp. Soland. ; Lamk. 1816.

Scuparia, sp. Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 90, 1816.

1. Scupocellaria scruposa.

Creeping stony Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 38. no. 4. pi. 20. c, C.
Celliferous Coralline with angular edges to its cells, Ellis, Phil.
Trans, xlviii. pi. 13. no. 7 ; Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 493. fig. 7.
K, L.

Sertularia scruposa, Linn. Syst. 1315; Esper, PJlanz. Sert. 1. 15.
figs. 1-3; Berk. Syn. i. 220.

Cellularia scruposa, Pall. Elench. 72; Flem. Brit . Anim. 539;
Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 57 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 126.pl. 23. fig. 2;
Reid, Ann. ty Mag. Nat. Hist. xv. 69. & xvi. 388 ; Johnst,
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. t. 58. figs. 5, 6.

112

BRITISH RADIATA.

Cellaria scruposa, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 23 ; Bose, Vers, in.
132. pi. 29. fig. 7 ; Lamlc. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 141. ed. 2. ii. 192;
Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 261. pi. 11. fig. 5.

Scuparia scruposa, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. .90.

Crisia scruposa, Lamour. Corail. 60 ; Templeton, lib . cit. ix. 469.
Bicellaria scruposa, Blainv. Act. 459.

Scupocellaria scruposa, Van Beneden, Becher ch. 43. & 50. pi. 5.
figs. 8-16.

a, b, c. On Flustra. Liverpool, — Rylands, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Scupocellaria reptans.

Creeping Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 37. pi. 20. no. 3. fig. b, B.
Sertularia reptans, Linn. Syst. 1315; Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 445.
S. repens, Berk. Syn. i. 220.

Cellularia reptans, Pall. Elench. 73 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. ; Johnst .
Brit. Zooph. 291. pi. 38. figs. 3, 4 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 57;
Corn. Faun. iii. 127. pi- 23. fig. 3; Reid, Ann. fy Mag. Nat.
Hist. xvi. 385 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 337. t. 58.
figs. 3, 4.

Cellaria reptans, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 23 ; Lamk. Anim. s.

Vert. ed. 2. ii. 191 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 262.
Scuparia reptans, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 90.

Crisia reptans, Lamour. Corail. 60 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist.
ix. 469.

Bicellaria reptans, Blainv. Act. 459.

a, b, c, d. On sea-weed. Cornwall. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

e. On Corallines. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

f. On Flustra. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

g. Coast of England. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Bicellaria.

Bicellaria, Blainv. D. S. N. 1830.

Cellularia, Flem. Brit. Anim. 1828.

Cellularia, sp. Pallas.

Cellaria, sp. Soland . ; Lamk. 1816.

Bugula a, sp. Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 89.

1. Bicellaria ciliata.

Ciliated Coralline, Ellis, Corall. 38. no. 5. pi. 20. d, D.
Sertularia ciliata, Linn. Syst. 1316; Berk. Syn. i. 230; Esper,
Pjlanz. Sert. t. 14. figs. 1, 2.

Cellularia ciliata, Pall. Elench. 74 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 540.

BRITISH RADIATA.

113

Cellaria ciliata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 24 ; LamJc. Anim. s.

Vert. ii. 139, ed. 2. ii. 186.

Bugula ciliata, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 89.

Crisia ciliata, Lamour. Corail. 60; Templeton , Mag. Nat. Hist.

ix. 468; Van Beneden , Mem. 51. pi. 6. figs. 9-11.

Bicellaria ciliata, Blainv. Act. 459.

Cellularia ciliata, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 291. pi. 38. figs. 1, 2;
Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 56 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 126. pi. 23. fig. 1 ;
Johnst. Hist ; Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 335. t. 58. figs. 1, 2.
a, 5, c. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

4. Canda.

Canda, Lamx. 1816 & 1821 ; Blainv. 1830.

Cellaria, sp. Lamk. 1816.

Cellularia, sp. Flem. 1828.

Bicellaria, sp. Blainv. 1830.

1. Canda arachnoidea.

Canda arachnoidea, Lamx. Pol. Flex. 132. t. 2. fig. 6 (1816);
Zooph. 5. t. 64. figs. 19, 20 ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 421 ;
Man. Act. 4 57. t. 79. f. 2.

Cellularia Hookeri, Flem. Brit. Anim. 539 (1828); Johnst. Hist .

Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 338. t. 60. figs. 1, 2.

Bicellaria Hookeri, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 424.

Cellaria filifera, Lamk. Hist. ii. 156 (1816), ed. 2. ii. 171.

a. Brit. Zooph. t. 60. figs. 1, 2. Orkney, E. Forbes, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

5. Tricellaria.

Tricellaria, Flem. B. A. 1828; Blainv. D. S. N. 1830.

Cellaria, sp. Soland. ; Lamk.

Crisia, sp. Lamx. 1816.

Cellularia, sp. Johnst.

1. Tricellaria ternata.

Cellaria ternata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 30.

Sertularia ternata, Turt. Gmel. iv. 687.

Crisia ternata, Lamx. Cor all. Flex. 61.

Tricellaria ternata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 540 ; Blainv. Act. 458.
Cellularia ternata, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 335. t. 59.
a, h. On Plumularia. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.
c. Separate fragment. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

114

BRITISH RADIATA.

6. Bugula.

Bugula a, sp. OJcen , Lehrb. Nat. 89, 1815 (type).

Acamarchis, Lamx. 1816 ; Blainv. 1830.

Crisia, sp. Lamx. 1812.

Cellularia, sp. Pallas.

Cellai’ia, sp. Soland.; Larnk. 1816.

1. Bugula Neritina.

Remarkable Coralline, Ellis , Phil. Trans, abridg. x. 345. pi. 8.

figs, a, A, G; Ellis , Corail. 35. pi. 19.

Sertularia Neritina, Linn. Syst. 1315; D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert.

Nap. iv. 147 ; Esper , Sert. t. 13. figs. 1-3.

Cellularia Neritina, Pall. Elench. 67 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 539 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 340. t. 60. figs. 3, 4.
Cellaria Neritina, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 22 ; Lamk. Anim. s.

Vert. ed. 2. ii. 190; Esper , t. 13. figs. 1, 2, 3.

Bugula Neritina, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 89.

Acamarchis Neritina, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 58. pi. 3. fig. 2; Zooph. 6;
Risso, UEurop. Merid.v. 318; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx.
423; Man. Act. 459. pi. 77* fig- 3.

Crisia Neritina, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 183.

a. Large, reddish, B. Z. t. 60. figs. 3, 4. Scarborough, W.
Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Var. slender, transparent. Tynemouth. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

c. d. Var. slender, transparent. ? Presented by

G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Var. slender, transparent. ? Presented by G.

Johnston, M.D.

7- Bugulina.

Bugulina, Gray , MSS.

Cellularia, Van Beneden.

Cellularia c, Johnst. 1847-

Bugula /3, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 90, 1815.

1. Bugulina avicularia.

Bird’s-head Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 36. no. 2. pi. 20. fig. a, A.
Cellularia avicularia, Pall. Elench. 68 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 292.
pi. 36. figs. 7, 8 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 58 ; Corn. Faun. iii.
128 ; Van Beneden, Recherch. 41 & 48. pi. 6. figs. 1-8 ; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 339. t. 63. figs. 7 , 8.

Sertularia avicularia, Linn. Syst. 1315 ; Berk. Syn. i. 220.
Cellaria avicularia, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 22 ; Lamk. Anim.
s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 191 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 26.

BRITISH RADIATA.

115

Bugula avicularia, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 90.

Crisia avicularia, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 183; Cor.

Flex. 141 ; Templeton , Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 468.

Cellularia avicularis, Reid , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. 389.
a , b. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

Fam. 6. Microporid^e.

Microporidse, Gray, Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

1. Micropora.

Micropora, Gray, Appendix, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Discopora, sp. Lamk. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. 1816 (not the type) ;

Lamx. Ency. ; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 1830 ; Man. Act. 445.
Cellepora, sp. Gmel.

Flustra, sp. Esper; Blainv. Man. Act. 446; M.-Edw. Lamk.
Hist. ed. 2. ii. 251.

1. Micropora coriacea.

Flustra coriacea, Esper, Pjlanz. Flust . t. 7* fig. 2; Johnst. Hist.

Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 349. t. 56. fig. 8.

Discopora coriacea, Lamk. Hist, ii., ed. 2. ii. 251 ; Lamx. Ency .

Meth. 255; Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 411 ; Man. Act. 446.
Flustra Latreillii, Audouin, Expl. i. 240, from Savigny, Egypt.
Polypes, t. 19. fig. 8.

a, b. On shells. Sana Island. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

Fam. 7- Celleporidje.

Celleporidse, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 135; Johnst. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 1. 247, ed. 2. 295.

Escharidae part., Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1 . 247, ed. 2. 263.
Crisiadse part., Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1. 247, ed. 2. 263.

1. Hippothoina.

1. Hippothoa.

Hippothoa, Lamx. Exp. Meth. 82, 1821; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.
ed. 2. 291 (not Syn.).

Catenicella (part.), Blainv. 1830 (agrees with character ), not
M. -Edwards.

“ Terebripora, D’ Orbigny .”

Tubulipora, sp. Jameson.

116

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Hippothoa catenularia.

Tubipora catenularia, Jameson , Wern. Mem. i. 561.

Tubipora catenulata, Stew. Elem. ii. 425.

Hippothoa catenularia, Flem. Brit. Anim. 534 ; Hassall , Ann. fy
Mag. Nat. Hist.v i. 170; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 43; Com.
Fasm. iii. 101. pi. 18. fig. 5 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.
p. 291. t. 50. figs. 9, 10.

Hippothoa Elliotse, Gray , Zool. Misc. 34.

a, b, c , df. On shells. Sana Island. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

e,f. Cork, with H. divaricata and Hiastopora Obelia.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Hippothoa divaricata.

Hippothoa divaricata, Lamx. Expos. Meth. 82. t. 80. figs. 15, 16;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 292. t. 51. figs. 3, 4.
Catenicella divaricata, Blainv. D. S. N. 1830, lx. 427 ; Man. Act.
Hippothoa lanceolata. Gray , Zool. Misc. 35 ; Hassall , Ann. <§r
Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 366. pi. 8. figs. 5, 6 ; Couch , Zooph.
Cornw. 43; W. Thompson , Ann. Nat . Hist.v. 252; Couch,
Corn. Faun. iii. 102. pi. 18. fig. 6.

a, e>f> y> h. Sana Island. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

i. (H. lanceolata) with Lepralia verrucosa, L. reticulata,
Peach. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

j, k, l. On worn Pectens. “H. lanceolata.” Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

Var. /3. Cells contiguous on sea- weed.

b , c, d. Bootle, Cheshire, Ayrshire, and Ireland. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Hippothoa sica.

Hippothoa sica. Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 102. pi. 19. fig. 8 ; Johnst.

Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 293.

Inhab.

4. Hippothoa cassiterides.

Hippothoa cassiterides, Couch , Johnst. Hist . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.

p. 476. fig. 87.

Inhab.

2. Lepraliana.

4. Cribrilina.

Cribrilina, Gray , Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1838. "

Lepralia, sp. Hassall , Ann. Nat. Hist. viii. 368 ; Johnst. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 2. 312.

BRITISH RADIATA.

117

1. Cribrilina punctata.

Lepralia arenacea, Bean , MS.

Lepralia punctata !, Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 368.
pi. 9. fig. 7 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 312. t. 55.
fig. 1. 4/8.

Lep. pedilostoma, Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 113. pi. 22. fig. 14.
a , b. On shell and stone. “ L. arenacea.” Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

c. On stone. Berwick. “ L. arenacea.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

d. On stone. “ L. punctata.” Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

e. On stone. “ L. punctata ! 55 with L. ansata. Cornwall,
W. Peach, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

f. On stone. Ayrshire, A. H. Hassall, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

g. “L. arenacea, with Flustra lineata.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

h. Lep. arenacea and L. pedilostoma. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

5. Lepralia.

Lepralia, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1. 277, 1838, ed. 2. 302.
Berenicea, Flem. Brit. An. 533, 1828 ; not Lamx. Exp. 80, 1821,
nor Per on.

Escharina, sp. M.~Edw. Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. ii. 230.

Escharo’ide, sp. M.-Edw. Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. ii. 259?

Cellepora, sp. Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 86, 1815.

1. Lepralia Jacotini.

Cellepora Jacotini, Aud.Expl. i. 238, from Savig. Egypt. Polyp.
t. 7. fig. 8.

Lepralia tenuis, Hassall , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 412;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 303. t. 54. fig. 2.

L. vinca, Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 116. pi. 22. fig. 7-
L. catenata, Peach , MSS.

a. “ L. catenata.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. “ L. catenata! ” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

Var. a. — d. “The Alderman, Peach ! ” C. W. Peach, Esq.

Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
e,f, g, h. Sana Island. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
?i. On Fuci. C. W. Peach, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

2. Lepralia assimilis.

Lepralia assimilis, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 304.
Inhab. Dublin Bay, Hassall.

118

BRITISH RADIATA.

3. Lepralia simplex.

Lepralia simplex, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 305. t. 54.
fig. 4.

a. ? On Lima. Sana Island. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

b. On shells with Lep. ventricosa, absorbing a slight pit in
the surface. Sana Island. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

c. With “Lep. tenuis, var.” Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

d . e,f. “ Lep. simplex !” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Lepralia ventricosa.

Lepralia ventricosa, Hassall , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 412;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 305. t. 54. fig. 5.

a. On stone. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

5, c, d, e. On shells. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

5. Lepralia ovalis.

Lepralia ovalis, Hassall , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 413; Johnst.
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 307. t. 56. fig. 1.

a. On Pholas. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

5, c. On Pholas with Lep. ovalis, L. annulata, and L. biforis.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

6. Lepralia 4-dentata.

Lepralia 4-dentata, Hassall , Ann . Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 171.
pi. 6. fig. 5; Macqillivray , ibid. ix. 467 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit.
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 309.

Inhab. Ireland, Hassall. Aberdeen, Macgillivray .

7. Lepralia granifera.

Lepralia granifera, Johnst. Hist. Brit . Zooph. ed. 2. p. 309. t. 54.

fig- 7-

Flustra Montferrandi, And. Expl. i. 240, from Savig. Egypt.
t. 9. fig. 14.

a. On slate. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

b. On stone with Lep. punctata. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. Var. cell subannulate. On stone. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

119

8. Lepralia Landsborovii.

Lepralia Landsborovii, Johnst. Hist . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 310.
t. 54. fig. 9.

a. On Pinna. Ayrshire, Rev. D. Landsborough. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

9. Lepralia auriculata.

Lepralia auriculata, Hassall , Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 412 ;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 310. t. 54. fig. 8.

a. With Lep. coccinea. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

10. Lepralia pertusa.

Cellepora pertusa, Esper , PJlanz. Cellep. p. 149. t. 10. fig. 2.
Lepralia pertusa, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 311. t. 54,
fig. 10.

Escharina pertusa, M. -Edwards, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2.
ii. 232.

Cellepora perlacea, W. Thompson , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. x. 20.
Escharina perlacea, M.-Edwards , Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2.
ii. 234.

a , b, c. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. On Lima. Sana Island. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

e. O# stone with Lep. catenata and L. variolosa. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. With Lep. verrucosa. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

11. Lepralia figularis.

Lepralia figularis, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 314. t. 56.
fig. 2.

a. On shell with “Lep. variolosa.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

12. Lepralia Peachii.

Lepralia Peachii, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 315. t. 54.
figs. 5, 6.

a. On a Pecten “ and another species.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

b. On shell with Lep. variolosa. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c. d. With Tubipora orbiculus. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

? e. On shell with “Lep. reticulata.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

/. On shell with “ Flustra lineata.” Presented by G,
Johnston, M.D.

120

BRITISH RADIATA.

13. Lepralia pedilostoma.

Flustra hibernica, Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 172. pi. 7-
fig. 1, & vii. 370. (The figure quoted “represents a posterior
view of the cells, the wall of each cell posteriorly being
absent.”)

Cellepora? ovoidea, Lamx. ? ; Audouin , Eccpl. i. 238?, from Savig.
Egypt. Polypes , t. 8. fig. 1 ?

Lepralia pedilostoma, Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 368.
pi. 9. fig. 4 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p, 315. t. 54.

% '• .

Membranipora Peachii, Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 120. pi. 22.
fig. 13.

a. Black-rock, Dublin. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. On Ostrea. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. On Mytilus. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e, f. On stone, Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. On stone. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. On stone. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

i. On stone. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

j. On stone. Goran. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

Jc. “ L. pedilostoma !” Dublin Bay, A. H. Hassall, Esq.

Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

I, m, n, 0. On stones. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

14. Lepralia reticulata.

Lepralia reticulata, J. Macgillivray, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. ix.
467 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 317- t. 55. fig. 10.
a. On stone and shell. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

15. Lepralia fenestralis.

Lepralia fenestralis. Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 117- ph 22. fig. 8;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 318.

Inhab. Cornwall, R. Q. Couch.

16. Lepralia nitida.

Cellepora nitida, Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 435. no. 443.

Cellepora (Escharoide) nitida, M.-Edw. Lamk. Anim. s. Vert.
ed. 2. ii. 259.

Berenicea nitida, Flem. Brit. Anim. 533.

Lepralia nitida, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 277. ph 34. fig. 7 ; Hassall,
Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 367 ; W. Thompson, Ann. Nat.
Hist. v. 253 ; Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 1 14. pi. 22. fig. 3.

a. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. On shell. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

121

d. “ Lep. nitida, var.” Kirkwall Bay. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

e. On Modiola, “ Lep. hyalina and Tubipora serpens.”
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

17. Le pr alia innominata.

Lepralia innominata. Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 1 14. pi. 22. fig. 4 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 320. t. 55. fig. 12.

Lep. pectinata, Beach , MS.

a. “ L. pectinata.” Goran, Sept. 1843. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

5. With L. catenata? and L. coccinea? Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

c. d, e. “ L . pectinata!” Sana Island. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

18. Lepralia semilunaris.

Lepralia semilunaris, Hassall , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 411 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 320. t. 56. fig. 4.

Lep. pustulata?. Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 113. pi. 22. fig. 2.
Inhab. Dublin, Hassall.

19. Lepralia ciliata.

Eschara ciliata var. /3, Pall. Flench. 38.

Cellepora ciliata Linn. Syst. 1286 ; Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 434.

no. 441.

Berenicea utriculata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 533.

Lepralia ciliata, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 279. pi. 34. fig. 6 ; Couch ,
Corn. Faun. iii. 118. pi. 22. fig. 10; W. Thompson, Ann. Nat.
Hist. v. 253 ; J. Macgillivray , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. ix.
467 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 323. pi. 57- figs. 4, 5.
a. On Floridia, with Lepralia hyalina and Crisia eburnea.
Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

5, c. On Floridia. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d . On Ulva. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e . On Floridia. Ayrshire, Key. D. Landsborough. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

f. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. h. On shells. Kirkwall Bay. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

i,j. On shells. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

122

BRITISH RADIATA.

20. Lepralia spinifera.

Lepralia ciliata, Hassall , Ann . fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 171? and
vii. 367. pi. 0. fig. 2.

Lepralia spinifera, Johnst. Hist. B. Z. ed. 2. p. 324. t. 57. fig. 6.

a. On rock. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

21. Lepralia trispinosa.

Discopora trispinosa, Johnst. Edinb. Phil. Journ. xiii. 322.
Berenicea trispinosa, Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 268.

Lepralia trispinosa, Johnst. Brit. Zooph . 280. pi. 34. fig. 5 ;
Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 118; J. Macgillivray ,Ann. 8f Mag .Nat.
Hist. ix. 467 ; Johnst. Hist. B. Z. ed. 2. p. 324. t. 57. fig. 7.

a. C. W. Peach, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. On a Cardium. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. ? “L. trispinosa?55 Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

22. Lepralia annulata.

Cellepora annulata, Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 436. no. 444 ; Turt .
Grnel . iv. 641.

Lepralia annulata, Johnst. Hist . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 313.
t. 55. figs. 2, 3.

Cellepora (Escharoide) bimucronata, Lamx . Corail. 41 ; Lamk.

Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 260.

Eschara bimucronata, Moll. Eschara , 65. t. 3. fig. 18.

a , b , c, d, e,f. On Fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
g , h. On Fuci with “ L. ciliata j3. insignis.” Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

i> j> k, l. On shell. Sana Island. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

m, n. With Lep. ciliata ? and L. ovalis ? Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

o, p. With L. tenuis. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
q. On Fuci with Lep. hyalina. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

6. Herentia.

Herentia, Gray , Appendix ; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

* Ovarian ? tube lateral , crust irregular.

1. Herentia Hyndmanni.

Lepralia Hyndmanni, Johnst . Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 306,

t. 54. fig. 6.

BRITISH RADIATA.

123

a. With Lep. appensa, Ilass. Presented by G. Johnston,

M.D.

h, c , d. Sana Island. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

2. Herentia insignis.

Lepralia insignis, Hassoll , Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 368.
t. 9. fig. 5 ; Couch , Corn. Faun. t. 22. fig. 11 ; J. Macgillivray ,
Mb#. JVaL Hist. ix. 467-

Lepralia ciliata var. /3, Jolmst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 323.

Flustra Dutertrei, And. Expl. from Savig. Egypt. Rept. t. 9 ,
fig. 2?

Escharina vulgaris part., M.-Edw. Lamb. Hist. ed. 2. 231 ?
a. (L. insignis !), Fowey, 1846. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

h, c, d. (L. ciliata var. insignis.) Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

e. With Lep. annulata on Fuci. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

** Ovarian ? tube lateral , crust circular.

3. Herentia linearis.

Lepralia linearis, Hassall , Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 368.
pi. 9. fig. 8 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 308. t. 54.
fig. 11.

«, h. On shell. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

*** Ovarianl tube anterior , central.

4. Herentia biforis.

Cellepora Macry, W. Thompson , Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. x. 20 ;

not Chiaje ? nor M. -Edwards.

Lepralia biforis, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 314.

a. On inside of Peetunculus with Flustra foliacea. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b , c. On shells. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d, e,f,g. On shell and rock. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

h. With “Lep. auriculata” ? Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

7. Escharina.

Escharina, M.-Edw. Lamk. Hist, ed, 2. 231, 1836 (type E. vul-
garis) ; Gray , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Escharoide, sp. M.-Edw. Lamk. Hist. ed. 2. 259.

Lepralia, sp. Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 278.

Berenicea, sp. Johnst.

v 2

124

BRITISH RADIATA.

* Mouth unarmed . Escharina.

1. Escharina Ballii.

Lepralia Ballii, Jo hnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 321. t. 56. fig. 5.
a, b, c. On Lima and Pecten. Sana Island. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. On Venus with Lep. biforis. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

e, f. On Lima. Sana Island. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

2. Escharina ansata.

Lepralia ansata, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph . ed. 2. p. 307. t. 54.
fig. 12.

a. “ L. ansata ! ” with Flustra lineata and L. punctata ! Corn-
wall, W. Peach, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Escharina unicornis.

Berenicea coccinea, Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 267. ph 12.
tig. 5.

Lepralia coccinea, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 278. pi. 34. figs. 1-3;
Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 367 ; Couch , Corn. Faun .
iii. 115; W. Thompson , Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 253.

Lepralia unicornis, Johnst. Hist . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 321.
t. 57. fig. 1.

a, b , c, d, e, f, g , h. On stone. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

i. On slate. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

** Mouth spinose. Escharoides.

4. Escharina coccinea.

Cellepora coccinea, Abildgaard , Mull. Zool. Ban. iv. 30. t. 146,

figs. 1, 2. # ## 1

Cellepora (Escharoide) coccinea, LamJc . Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii.
259.

Berenicea coccinea, Flem. Brit. Anim . 533.

Lepralia coccinea, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 322. t. 57.
figs. 2, 3.

Lepralia tridentata, Couch , Corn. Faun. 115. pi. 22. fig. 5.

Var. /3. with a triangular slit or loop on each side of the aperture.
Lepralia appensa, Hassall , Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 367.
pi. 9. fig. 3.

a. Var. on Floridea. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. On Nullipora. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. With Flustra? lineata, Lepralia immersa, and L. coccinea,
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

BRITISH RADIATA,

125

d . “ Lep. appensa, Hass. ! with Lep. coceinea.” Cornwall.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e, f. “Lep. coccinea, Mull .” Presented by G. Johnston.

M.D.

g. “Lep. coccinea var. /3.55 Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

h , i . “ Lep. coccinea, Muller ! 55 Presented by G. Johnston,

M.D.

j. “ Lep. coccinea, L. appensa.55 Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

8. Escharella.

Escharella, Gray , Appendix ; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Lepralia, sp. Johnst. Brit . Zooph. ed. 1. 280, ed. 2. 325.
Berenicea, sp. Flem. Brit. Anim. 533, 1828; Johnst .

L Escharella immersa.

Berenicea immersa, Flem. Brit . Anim. 533.

Berenicea flava, Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 268.

Lepralia immersa, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 280. pi. 34. fig. 8 ; W.
Thompson , Nat. Hist. v. 253 ; Couch, Corn. Faun. iii.

118; Johnst . Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 325. t. 57. fig. 8.

“ Berenicea flava, Johnst” Berwick Bay. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. “ L. immersa.’5 Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Goran. Presented by G, Johnston, M.D.

e. f. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. On shell. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Escharella violacea.

Lepralia violacea, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 325. t. 57.
fig. 9.

a. On stone. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. On stone. Isle of Man. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Escharella variolosa.

Lepralia variolosa, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 278. pi. 34. fig. 4 ; Has-
sail, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 367 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw.
50; Corn. Faun. iii. 116. pi. 22. fig. 6; W. Thompson, Ann.
Nat. Hist. v. 253; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 317-
t. 55. figs. 8, 9.

Var. a. Lip sinuated on the proximal margin, Johnst. Brit. Zooph .
ed. 2. 317. t. 55. fig. 8.

Var. j3. Lip with a denticle on the proximal margin, Johnst .
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 317. t. 55. fig. 9.

126

BRITISH RADIATA.

a . On Pholas, with L. tenuis and L. ? Presented by

G. Johnston* M.D.

b, c, d. On shell. Berwick Bay. Presented hy G. John-
ston, M.D.

e. On rock, with Lep. nitida, L. catenata, L. flava. Pre-
sented hy G. Johnston, M.D.

/. On stone. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
g. (h. ?) On shells. Presented hy G. Johnston, M.D.

9. Discopora.

Discopora, LarnJc. Hist. ii. 164, ed. 2. ii. 248 (type D. verrucosa );
Lamx. Expos. Method. 42 (type D. verrucosa ); Blainv. Man ,
Act. 446 ; not Fleming nor Johnston.

Lepralia, sp. Johnst. Brit . Zooph . ed. 2. 316.

1. Discopora verrucosa.

Cellepora verrucosa, Esper , Cellep. t. 2. figs. 1, 2 ; not Disco-
pora verrucosa, Lamk. Hist. ii. 164, ed. 2. ii. 248.

? Lepralia Johnstoni, Bean , MSS.

Lepralia verrucosa, W. Thompson , Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. 441 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 316. t. 56. fig. 3.

Lepralia reticulata, Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 117- pi. 22. fig. 9.

a. On an old shell with Ilippothoa lanceolata. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. On wood. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Discopora bispinosa.

Lepralia bispinosa, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph . ed. 2. p. 326, t. 57.
fig. 10.

a. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

10. Eschara.

Eschara, Ray ; Fleming , Brit. Anim. 531 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph.
ed. 1. 297, ed. 2. 350; Lamk. Syst. 375, Hist. ii. 173, ed. 2.
265.

Eschara, sp. Pallas, Zooph. 40.

Nuilipora, sp. Solander.

Cellepora, sp. Esper.

1. Eschara foliacea.

Eschara retiformis, Raii Syn. 1. 31 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 531.
Stony foliaceous Coralline, Ellis , Corail. 71. no. 3. pi. 30. fig, a ,
A, B, c; Borl. Cornw. 23.9. pi. 24. fig. 6.

Eschara fascialis, Pall. Elench. 44.

Millepora foliacea, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 133.

Cellepora lamellosa, Esper , Cellep. p. 146. t. 6. figs. 1-5.

BRITISH RADIATA.

127

Eschara foliacea, LamJc . Anim. s. Vert . ii. 174, ed. 2. ii. 266;
Blainv. Actinol. 428. pi. 75. fig. 3 ; Milne-Edwards , Ann. des
Sc. Nat. vi. 36. pi. 3. fig. 1 ; Couch , Zooph . Cornw. 60 ; Corn .
Faun. iii. 131 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 351. t. 67,
a, h. Coast of Sussex. Presented by G. Mantell, LL.D.

2. Eschara fascialis.

Italian Coral, Ellis, Cor all. 72. pi. 30. fig. h.

Eschara fascialis var. a, Pall. Elench. 42 ; LamJc. Anim. s. Vert .

ii. 175, ed. 2. ii. 267 ; Flem . Brit. Anim. 531 ; Johnst. Hist .
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 352.

Millepora taenialis, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 133.

M. fascialis, Berk. Syn. i. 211 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 204.

Cellepora ligulata, Esper, Cellep. 146. t. 8. figs. 1, 2.

L’Eschare a bandelettes, Blainv. Act. 428 ; M.-Edw. Ann. des
Sc. Nat. Part. Zool. vi. 43. pi. 4. fig. 1.
a, b. Dr. Leach’s Collection.

3. Eschara cribraria.

Eschara cribraria, Johnst . Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed, 2. p. 352. t. 60.
figs. 7-9.

a. Berwick Bay, 1844. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
11. PORELLA.

Porella, Gray, Appendix, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Poms, Borlase.

Eschara, sp. Pallas, Zooph.; Lamk . Syst. 375; Hist. ii. 174;
Lamx.

Cellepora, sp. Johnston.

1. Porella cervicomis.

Poms cervinus, Borl. Cornw. 240. t. 24. fig. 7.

Millepora cervicornis, Soland. 134; Stew. Elem. ii. 427 ; Turt.
Brit. Faun. 204.

M. compressa, Sowerby, Brit. Misc. 83. pi. 41 ; Turt. Brit. Faun .

204 ; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 560.

Cellepora cervicomis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 532 ; Thompson, Ann .
Nat. Hist. v. 253 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 49 ; Corn. Faun ,

iii. 111. pi. 20. fig. 1 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 299.
t. 53.

Millepora alcicornis, Esper, Millep. t. 5, 6, 7*

Eschara cervicornis, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 86? ; Lamk. Hist. ii. 174.
ed. 2. ii. 267.

a. Cork. Presented by Miss Elliot.

b, c. Shetland. Presented by P. Neil, Esq.

d. ?

12S

BRITISH RADIATA.

12. Celleporina.

Celleporina, Gray , Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.

Lepralia, sp. Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 304.

Cellepora, sp. Hassall .

1. Celleporina Hassallii.

Cellepora bimucronata, Hassall , Ann. §• Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 367*
pi. 9. fig. 1 ; not Lamx .

Lepralia Hassallii, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 304
t. 54. fig. 3. 477.

a. On a Patella. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

13. Celleporella.

Celleporella, Gray , Appendix ; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.
Cellepora, sp. Linn. ; Lamx. Coral . 383.

Berenicea, sp. Hassall ; not Lamx.

Lepralia, sp. Johnst. Brit. Zooph.

1. Celleporella liyalina.

Cellepora liyalina, Linn. Syst. 1286; Fabric. Faun. Grcenl. 435.
no. 442; Esper , Cellep. t. 1. figs. 1, 2; Lamx. Corail. 38;
Bose, Vers, iii. 148 ; Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 86 ; not Cavolini nor
Chiaje.

Berenicea liyalina, Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 367.
Cellepora personata, Chiaje, Mem. iii. 39. t. 34. figs. 17, 18, ova-
rian cell.

Lepralia hyalina, W. Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 253 ; Johnst .

Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 301. t. 54. fig. 1.

Yar. /3. Wall of the cells thicker, calcareous and opake.

Lepralia cylindrica, Hassall, Ann. §* Mag. Nat. Hist . vii. 368.
pL 9. fig. 6.

Yar. y. Cells heaped, usually opake and calcareous.

Cellepora ovoidea, Lamx. Corail. 38. pi. 1. fig. 1 ; Blainv. Act.
444 ; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 259 ; Lamx. Exp . M6th.
2. t. 64. figs. 4, 5; D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. 38.
t. 34. fig. 33.

a. On Fuci. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c, d. On Fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. With ovarian capsules on Fuci. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

/. On Floridea. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. On Floridea, “ Tubulipora hyalina. Couch.” Cornwall,
C. W. Peach, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. On Floridea. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRiTiSIi RADlATA,

129

i. On Floridea. Bangor, co. Down, W. Thompson, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

j. On Floridea. Ireland, with Lepralia ciliata and Crisia
eburnea. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

k. l. On Fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

m, n. Fowey Harbour, 1845. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

o. On Algae. Presented by G, Johnston, M.D.

p. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

14. Cellepora.

Cellepora, sp. 0. Fab. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph . ed. 2. 295.
Spongites, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 85, 1815.

1. Cellepora pumicosa.

Porous Eschara, Ellis, Corail. 75. no. 7. ph 27. fig./, F. & 72.
pi. 30. fig. d, D.

Tubipora verrucosa, Linn. Syst . ed. 10, 789.

Cellepora pumicosa, Linn. Syst. 1286 ; Mull . Zool. Dan. Prod .
253; Berk. Syn. 1. 212; Stew. Elem. ii. 428. pi. 12. figs. 16,
17, copied from Ellis; Lamk . Anim. s. Vert. ii. 170, ed. 2. ii.
256 ; Lamx. Corail. 40 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 532 ; Johnst .
Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 267 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 469;
Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 48 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 110. pi. 20. iigs. 4,
5 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 295. t. 52. figs. 1, 2, 3.
C. verrucosa, Linn. Syst. 1286; Fabric. Faun. Grcenl. 434;

Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 229.

C. spinosa, Turt. Brit. Faun. 205.

Millepora pumicosa, PaU. Elench. 254 ; Ellis and Soland. Zooph .

135; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 560; Stew. Elem . ii. 428.
Flustra bullata?, Ellis and Soland. Zooph.\5 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 436.
Madrepora verrucaria, Esper, Madrep. t. 17* figs, c, C, & b, B,
is young.

a. On Tubularia. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. On Natica. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
d. Shetland. Presented by Dr. P. Neill.

2. Cellepora ramulosa.

Cellepora ramulosa, Linn. Syst. 1285 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod .
253; Flem. Brit. Anim. 532; Johnst. Trans . Newc. Soc. ii.
267. pi. 12. figs. 3, 4 ; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert . ed. 2. ii. 258 ;
Thompson, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 481 ; Hassall, ibid .
vii. 367; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 49; Corn. Faun. iii. 110. pi. 20.
fig. 2 ; Macgilliv.Ann. fyMag. Nat. Hist. ix. 467; Johnst. Hist.
Brit. Zooph. ed, 2. p. 296. t, 52. figs. 4, 5,

130

BRITISH RADIATA.

Cellepora pumicosa var., Pallas , Elench. 255 ; Ellis and Soland.
Zooph. 136.

Cellepora lsevis, Macgilliv. Ann . 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 467.
a , b. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

3. Cellepora Skenei.

Millepora Skenei, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 135 ; Turt. Brit .

Faun. 204 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 427.

Cellepora palmata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 532.

C. Skenei, Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 267 ; Couch , Zooph.
Cornw. 49 ; Corn. Faun. iii. Ill ; W. Thompson , Ann. fy Mag.
Nat. Hist. xv. 322 ; Johnst . Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 297 .
t. 52. figs. 6, 7 9 8.

Inliab.

4. Cellepora lsevis.

Cellepora lsevis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 532 ; Couch , Zooph. Cornw.
50; Corn. Faun. iii. 112; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.
p. 299.

Escliara lsevis, Blainv. Act. 428.

C. ramulosa var., Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 300.

Inhab.

5. Cellepora vitrina.

Cellepora vitrina, Couch, Corn. Faun. iii. 109. pi. 22. fig, 1.

3. Reteporana.

15. Retepora.

Retepora, Lamk. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 353.

Frondipora, Oken , Lehrb. Nat. 63, 1815; Blainv. 1830.

1. Retepora reticulata.

Millepora Retepora, Borl. Cornw. 240. pi. 24. fig. 8.

Millepora reticulata, Linn. Syst. 1284 ; Fabric. Faun. Grccnl. 433 ;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 138 ; Esper, Pflanz. t. 2. figs. 1-5 ;
Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 223.

M. Frondipora, Pall. Elench. 241.

Retepora reticulata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 182, ed. 2. ii. 275;
Risso, L’Europ. Merid. v. 343 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 531 ; Stark ,
Elem. ii. 435 ; Blainv. Act. 633 ; Couch , Corn. Faun , iii. 130;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 353.

Frondipora reticulata, Blainv. ibid. 406. pi. 69. fig. 1.
Frondipora clathrata, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 64.

BRITISH RADIATA.

131

Millepora celluiosa, Jameson, Wern . Mem , i. 560 ; Turt. Brit .

Faun . 205; Elem. ii. 427.

Millepora foraminosa, FZZis and Soland. Zooph. 138. pi. 26. fig. 2,
Retepora celluiosa, Johnst. Loud . Nb£. His£. vii. 638.

fig. 69; S. V. Wood, Ann . IVb£. Hist. xiii. 16; FT.

Thompson , ibid . xv. 322.

Retepora Beaniana, King, Ann. fy Mag. Nat . Hist, xviii. 237 ;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 353. fig. 67.

Frondipora celluiosa, Oken, Lehrb. Nat . 63.

a, 5. Northumberland, from Mr. Howie’s collection.

4. Salicornarana.

16. Salicornarxa.

Salicornaria, Cuv . jR. yi. 1837 ; Johnst . RnY. Zooph. ed. 2. 355.
Farcimia, F/em. Anim. 534; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 1.
Cellaria a, Lamk. Syn . 1801, 1812 ; Lamx. 1812; Blainv. 1830.

1. Salicornaria farciminoides.

Salicornaria farciminoides, Johnst . Hist . Brit . Zooph . ed. 2.

p. 355. t. 66. figs. 6, 7.

Corallina fistulosa fragilis, Raii Hist. i. 65.

Corallina fistulosa fragilis, internodiis praelongis Isevibus, albis,
farciminum modo catenatis, Pluken. Phytog. pi. 26. fig. 2.
Bugle Coralline, Ellis, Cor all. 46. no. 1. pi. 23. figs, a, A, B, C.
Eschara fistulosa, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 804.

Cellularia Salicornia, Pall. Elench. 61.

Tubularia fistulosa, Linn. Syst . 1302 ; Oliv . Zool. Adriat. 267 ;
Berk. Syn. i. 214.

Cellaria farciminoides, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 26.

Isis Hippuris, Fabr . Faun. Groenl . 427.

Cellaria Salicornia, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 135, ed. 2. ii. 176;
Bose, Vers, iii. 129. pi. 28. fig. 6 ; Lamx. Expos. Method. 5;
Corail. 55; Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 185; Blainv. Act Abb. ph 77*
fig- 1. .

Salicorniaires, Cuv. Reg. Anim. iii. 303.

Salicornaria dichotoma, Schweig. Handb. 428.

Salicornaria fistulosa, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 469.
Farcimia fistulosa, Flem. Brit. Anim. 534 ; Johnst. Trans. Newc .
Soc. ii. 266.

Cellaria fistulosa, S. V. Wood, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 17«
Farcimia Salicornia, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 295. pi. 37. figs. 6, 7 ;
Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 58 ; Corn. Faun. 129. pi. 20. fig. 3.
a. England. Presented by G< Johnston, M.D.

132

BRITISH RADIATA.

b. Zetland, “E. Forbes, Esq.” Presented by G. Johns ton* j
M.D.

c. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Ayrshire. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Salicornaria sinuosa.

Tubularia fistulosa, Esper , Tubul . t. 2. figs. 1-4.

Farcimia sinuosa, Hass all, Ann. SfMag. Nat. Hist. vi. 172. pi. 6.

figs. 1, 2; Macgilliv. ibid. ix. 468.

Farcimia spathulosa, Hassall , ibid. xi. 112.

Salicornaria sinuosa, Johnst.Brit. Zoopli . ed. 2. p.356.t. 66. fig. 8. j

a. Fragment. Coast of England. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. Fragment. Coast of England? Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

Fam. 8. Scupariad,®.

Eucratiadse, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 288.

Crisiadse part.. Gray , Syn. Brit. Mus. 1842, 135.

1. Scuparia.

Scuparia a, Oken , Lehrb. Nat. 90, 1815.

Eucratea, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 289.

Eucratea, sp. Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. (1812); Flem. 1828,,
Unicellaria, sp. Blainv. Diet. Sci . Nat . lx. (1830).

1. Scuparia chelata.

BuH’s-hom Coralline, Ellis , Corail. 42. no. 9. pi. 22. fig. b, B.
Sertularia chelata, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 816.

Cellularia chelata, Pall. Elench. 77-

Sertularia loricata, Linn. Syst. 1316; Berk. Syn. i. 220; Esper ,
Pflanz. Serf. t. 29. figs. 1, 2; Turt. Gmel. iv. 686; Turt.
Brit. Faun. 217 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 449.

Cellaria chelata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 25 ; Bose , Vers , iii.

134 ; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 140, ed. 2. ii. 189.

Eucratea chelata, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184 ; Cor all.
64. pi. 3. fig. 5; Expos. Method. 8. pi. 65. fig. 10; Johnst . _
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 289.

Scuparia chelata, Oken , Lehrb. Nat. 90.

Eucratea loricata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 541.

Eucratee corn ee,M.-Edw.Ann.d. Sc.Nat.n.s. ix.20 4. pi. 8. fig. 1.
TJnicellaria chelata, Blainv . Act. 461. pi. 77* fig- 2.

Crisia chelata, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 261 ; Reid , Ann. ty Mag.
Nat. Hist. xvi. 392; Couch, Corn . Faun . iii. 98. pi. 18. fig. 1.

BRITISH RAftlATA.

133

a . Dry, on paper. Bangor, co. Down, W. Thompson, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. Dry, on Fuci. Coast of England. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

d . Dry, on Euci, with Sertularia pumila and S. polyzonias.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Dry, on a crab. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. In spirits, with Pedicellaria echinata. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

2. iETEA.

iEtea, Lamx. 1812 (Bull, Soc. Phil.), char.

Anguinaria, LamJc. 1812 (no char.) ; Johnst. Br. Zooph. ed. 2. 292,
Palcaria /3, Oken, Lehrb. Nat . 91, 1815.

1. ^tea Anguina.

Snake Coralline, Ellis, Corall. 43. no. 11. pi. 22. fig. c, C, D.
Sertularia Anguina, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 816 ; Linn. Syst. 1317 ;
Turt. Gmel. iv. 686 ; Berlc. Syn. i. 220 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 217 ;
Stew. Elem. ii. 449; Esper, Pjlanz. Sert. t. 16. figs. 1, 2;
Oliv. Zool. Adriat. 291.

Cellularia Anguina, Pall. Elench. 78 ; Ellis, Phil. Trans . ivii.

437. ph 19. fig. 10 ; Hogg’s Stock. 35.

Cellaria Anguina, Ellis and Soland. Zooph.26 ; Bose, Vers, hi. 135.
iEtea Anguina, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil . 1812, iii. 184 ; Corall.

65. pi. 3. fig. 6 ; Expos. Method. 9. t. 65. fig. 15.

Falcaria Anguina, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 91.

Sertularia mollis, D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 147.
Anguinaria Anguina, Flem.Brit. Anim. 542 ; Lister, Phil. Trans.

1834, 385. pi. 12. fig. 4 ; Blainv. Act. 467. pi. 79. fig. 3.
Anguinaria spatulata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 143, ed. 2. ii. 196 ;
Stark , Elem. ii. 439 ; Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 252 ;
Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 44; Corn. Faun. iii. 103. pi. 19. fig. 2 ;
Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 290. t. 50. figs. 7, 8.

a. Dry, on Fucidae. Youghal, Miss Ball. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. Dry, on Fucidae. Bristol. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

3. Gemellaria.

Gemellaria, Savigny, 1805?; Van Beneden; Johnst. B. Z. 293,
Gemicellaria, Blainv. 1830.

Loricaria, Lamx. Expos. 7 (1821), not Lacep.

Notamia, Flem. Brit. Anim. 1828.

Loricula, Cuvier, 1836.

Crisia, sp. Lamx. 1816; Lamk. 1816.

Scuparia /3, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 90, 1815,

134

BRITISH RADIATA.

1. Gemellaria loriculata.

Muscus coralloides, Doody , Raii Syn. i. 34. no. 6.

Coat-of-mail Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 40. no. 7. pi. 21. fig. b, B.
Sertularia loricata, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 815.

Cellularia loriculata, Pall. Elench. 64 ; Hogg’s Stock. 35.
Sertularia loriculata, Linn. Syst. 1314 ; Turt . Gmel. iv. 684 ;
Berk. Syn. 1. 219; Esper , Pjlanz. Sert. t. 24. figs. 1-3;
Turt. Brit. Faun. 216; Jameson , Wern. Mem . i. 564; Stew.
Elem . ii. 447.

Cellaria loriculata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 24 ; Bose, Vers,
iii. 133 ; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 136, ed. 2. ii. 179 ; Johnst.
Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 262.

Scuparia loricata, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 90.

Crisia loriculata, Lamx. Corail. Flex. 140.

Loricaria europsea, Lamx. Expos. Method. 7-
Notamia loriculata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 541 ; Farre, Phil. Trans .
1837, 413. pi. 27. figs. 6-9 ; Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist.
vi. 170 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 42; Corn. Faun. iii. 101.
pi. 18. fig. 4.

Loricula loricata, Cuvier, Reg. Anim. ed. 2. iii. 303; Templeton,
Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 469.

Gemicellaria loriculata, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat . lx. 425 ; Actinol.
461. pi. 78. fig. 4.

Gemellaria loriculata, Savig. Egypt. Polyp. ; Van Beneden, Re-
cherch. 33. pi. 5. fig. 1 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph . ed. 2. p. 293.
t. 47. figs. 12, 13. 477.

a. Dry, on paper. Northumberland. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

b, c, d, e. Dry, on paper. Berwick Bay. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

/. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
g, h. Dry, on paper. Cork, J. V. Thompson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.
i, l. River Tay. Presented by Capt. Ducane, R.A.
k. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

Suborder II. TUBULIPORINA.

Tubuliporina, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 264.

Les Tubuliporiens, Milne- Edwards, Mem. sur les Crisies, p. 14.
Tubuliporidae, Johnst. Trans. Berw. Nat. Club, 107-
? Auliporina, Ehrenberg , Corail, des Roth. Meer. 153.

BRITISH RADIATA.

135

Fam. 9. Crisiadje.

Les Crisies, Milne- Edwards, Mem . 1-13 ; Savig. Egypt . Polyp.

t. 6. fig. 56, ovarian cells.

Crisiadse, Johnst . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 282.

Crisiadse (pars). Gray, Syn . Brit. Mus. 1842, 135.

1. Crisia.

Crisia, Fleming, 1828 ; Blainv. 1830.

Crisia, sp. Lamx. 1812 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph . 283.

Cellaria, sp. Solander.

Cellularia, sp. Pallas.

Falcaria, sp. Oken, Lehrh. Nat. 91, 1815.

Tibiana, sp. Lister, Phil. Trans . 1834.

1. Crisia eburnea.

Tufted ivory Coralline, Ellis, Cor all. 39. no. 6. pi. 21. fig. a. A,
Sertularia eburnea, Linn. Syst. ed. 10.810; Linn. Syst. 1316;
Esper, Pflanz . Serf. t. 18. figs. 1-3 ; Berk. Syn. i. 220; Turt.
Gmel. iv. 686; Jameson, Wern. Mem. i. 565 ; Turt . Brit. Faun .
217 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 449 ; ? Savig. Egypt. Polyp, t. 6. fig. 6.
Cellularia eburnea, Pall. Elench. 75 ; Hogg’s Stock. 35.

La Sertolara d’avorio ?, Cavol. Pol. Mar. 240. t. 9. figs. 5, 6.
Cellaria eburnea, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 24 ; Bose, Vers, hi,
133; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 138, ed. 2. ii. 184; Johnst.
Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 262. pi. 11. fig. 5.

Falcaria eburnea, Oken, Lehrh. Nat. 91.

Crisia eburnea, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. in. 183, 1812 ; Cor. Flex .
138 ; Corail. 60 ; Expos. Method. 6 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 540 ;
Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 468 ; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat .
lx. 424 ; Actinol. 460. pi. 78. fig. 3 ; Risso, L’Europ. Merid.
v. 313; Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 41 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 99. pi. 18.
fig. 2 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 283. fig. 62. t. 50.
figs. 3, 4.

a, b, c,f. Dry, on Fuci. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Between talc. Bootle, Cheshire, J. Price, Esq., 1837.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. On Sertularia filicula, with Tubulipora hispida and T.
serpens. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. With Cellaria cristata and C. loricata. Cork, J. V.
Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h, i. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

j. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

136

BRITISH RADIATA,

2. Crisia geniculata.

Tibiana, Lister , Phil. Trans. 1834, p. 385. pi. 12. tig. 5.

Crisia geniculata, M.-Edwards, Ann. des Sci. Nat. n.s. ix. 19?«
pi. 6. fig. 1 ; Mem. 5 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 287.

a. On Fuci, with Sertularia polyzonias. Ireland, W.
Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M,D.

b. “A specimen which proves that Cr. geniculata and Cr.
eburnea are one species V* Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

c. Ayrshire, Rev. D. Landsborougli. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

3. Crisia aculeata.

Crisia aculeata, Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 170. pi. 7*
tigs. 3, 4, & vi. 366 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph . ed. 2. p. 285.
Crisie ivoire, M.-Edwards , Ann. des Sci. Nat. n. s. ix. 198. pi. 6,
tig. 2 ; not Lamx.

Crisia eburnea, Vari Beneden , Recherch. 52. pi. 6. tigs. 12-16
(without the spinous processes).

a.? b.l On Sertularia. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

4. Crisia denticulata.

Cellaria denticulata, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 137, ed. 2. ii. 182.
Crisia denticulata, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 284. t. 50.
tigs. 5, 6.

Crisie dentelee, M.-Edwards , Ann. des Sci. Nat. n.s. ix. 201.

pi. 7- fig- 1.

Crisia luxata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 540 ; Blainv. Diet. S. N. lx. 424;
Actinol. 460 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 262 ; Thompson , Ann. Nat.
Hist. v. 252; Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 42; Corn. Faun. iii. 99.
pi. 18. fig. 3; Macgilliv. Ann. ty Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 466.
Crisia patagonica?, D’Orbigny , Voy. Amtr. Merid.

a. Dry, on Sertularia. Berwick Bay. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

b. Dry, on Fuci. Camlough, co. Antrim. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

c. On black paper. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Jersey. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Falcaria.

Falcaria, Oken, Lehrb. Nat. 91, 1815; F. comuta, type.
Crisidia, M.-Edwards , Mem. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed, 2. 287,
1847.

Eucratea, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 1812; E. cornuta, type.
Unicellaria, sp. Blainv. Diet. Sci . Nat. lx. 1830.

BRITISH RADIATA.

137

1. Falcaria cornuta.

Crisidia cornuta, Johnst. Hist. B. Z. ed. 2. p. 287- 1. 50. figs. 1, 2.
GoatVhorn Coralline, Ellis, Corail. 42. no. 10. pi. 21. fig. c, C;
Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 39.

Sertularia cornuta, Linn. Syst. 1316 (ed. 10. 810) ; BerJc. Syn . i.

220 ; Esper, Pjlanz. Sert. t. 19. fig. 1-3.

Cellularia cornuta, Hogg’s Stock. 35.

Cellaria cornuta, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 25 ; Lamk. Anim. s.

Vert. ii. 139, ed. 2. ii. 187.

Falcaria cornuta, Oken, Lehrb. Nat . 91.

Eucratea cornuta, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812, iii. 184; Cor .
Flex. 149 ; Risso , L’Europ. Merid. v. 319 ; Flem. Brit. Anim .
541 ; Templeton , Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 469.

Unicellaria cornuta, Blainv. Act. 462.

Crisidie cornee, M.-Edwards, Ann. des Sci. Nat. n. s. ix. 240.
pi. 8. fig. 2.

Crisia cornuta, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 260 ; Hassall , Ann. fy Mag.
Nat. Hist. vi. 170 ; Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 97. pi. 17. fig. 4;
Zoologist , ii. 1095.

Cellularia falcata, Pall. Elench. 76.

a. Dry, on paper. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Dry, on paper, with Crisia eburnea. Berwick Bay. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Dry, onFuci. Cornwall. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Falcaria setacea.

Crisia setacea. Couch , Zoologist , ii. 1096 ; Corn. Faun. iii. 98.

pi. 17, fig. sin. under the Crisia cornuta.

Crisidia setacea, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 288.

Inhab.

Fam. 10. TuBULiPORiDiE.

Tubiporadae, Flem. Brit. Anim. 528.

Tubuliporidae, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 247 ; J- E. Gray, Syn. Brit.

Mus. 135, 1842; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 265.

Les Tubulipores, Milne- Edwards, Ann. des Sci. Nat. viii. 32L

1. Tubulipora.

Tubulipora, sp. Lamk. Hist. 1816.

Discopora, Flem. Brit. Anim. 530, 1828, not Lamk. nor Lamx.

* Orbicular, edge cellular, tubes in quincunces ? Patinella.
1. Tubulipora verrucaria.

Caryophyllus sive Fungites minimus, &c.. Plane, de Conch, min .
not . 26. t. 2. no. 9.

138

BRITISH RADIATA.

Madrepora verrucaria, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 793 ; Linn , Syst. 1272;
Pall. Zooph. var. j8. 281; Turt. Gmel. iv. 616; Oliv. ZooL
Adriat. 218; Esper, Madrep. t. 17* fig. a, A (not good);
Turt. Brit. Faun. 204 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 426 ; Hogg’s Stock. 38,
Millepora verrucaria, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 137.

Discopora verrucaria, Flem. Brit. Anim. 530.

Tubulipora patina, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 163, ed. 2. ii. 244;
Risso , L’Europ. Merid. v. 338 ; Blainv. Act. 425 ; Johnst .
Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 269. pi. 9. fig. 8 ; M.-Edwards, Ann.
des Sci. Nat. viii. 329. pi. 13. fig. 1 ; Thompson , Ann. Nat .
Hist. v. 252; Hassall, ibid. \ i. 170; Couch, Zooph. Cqrnw.
44 ; Corn. Faun. 103 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 266.
t. 47. figs. 1, 2, 3.

Var. j3. Tubulipora bellis, Thompson , MS.

a. On bark, “ Discopora verrucaria.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

h, c , d, e. “ Tubipora patina.” Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

f. “Tubulipora bellis”! W. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D., with

g. A monstrous variety. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
** Orbicular , edge thin , tubes in radiating ridges. Disporella.
2. Tubulipora hispida.

Madrepora verrucaria, Fabr. Faun. Groenl. 430 ; Esper , Madrep.
1. 17. figs, d, D. e, F. & F, G.

“ Coral resembling the cups and foliage of flowers,” Cordiner’s
Ruins, No. xxii. on the authority of Fleming.

Discopora hispida, Flem. Brit. Anim. 530 ; Blainv. Act . 446 5
Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 270. pi. 31. figs. 9,11; Thompson, Ann.
Nat. Hist. v. 253; Hassall, ibid. vi. 171; Couch, Zooph.
Cornw. 47; Corn. Faun. iii. 109. pi. 19. fig. 1.

Tubulipora hispida, Johnst . Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 268.
t.47. figs. 9, 10, 11 ; Savigny, Egypt. Polyp, t. 6. fig. 3?
a, b. On Sertularia abietina, with Tubulipora serpens. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. On Sertularia filicula, with Crisia eburnea and Tubuli-
pora serpens. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

d . On Plumularia falcata, with Tubulipora serpens and Crisia
eburnea. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. f,g . “Discopora hispida.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

k. “ Tubipora hispida, var. /3, with Tubulipora verrucaria,
M.-Edw .” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

l, m, n, 0, p. “ Tubulipora orbiculus.” Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH RADIATA.

139

q . With Lepralia simplex and L. catenata. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

r. With “ Hippothoa catenularia.” Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

s. On Fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

A state of Tubulipora orbiculus.” Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

Var. j8. smaller, base circular, the centre orbicular.

Tubulipora orbiculus, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 163, ed. 2. ii. 243.
h9i9j. “ Discopora hispida, Flem.” Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

*** Base elongated or incrassated , tubes scattered . Pencil-

LETTAi

3. Tubulipora penicillata.

Tubulipora penicillata, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 27 F

t. 48. figs. 1, 2.

Tubipora penicillata, Fabr. Faun. Grcenl . 429; Turt . Gmel. iv.
615.

Tubulipora Fungia, Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 46; Corn. Faun. iii.
107. pi. 19. fig. 3.

a , 5, c. Cornwall, R. Q. Couch, Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

4. Tubulipora hyalina.

Tubulipora hyalina, Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 47 ; Corn. Faun. iii.

108; Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 276.

Inhab. Polperro. On Fucus palmatus. Couch.

2. Phalangella.

Phalangella, Gray , Appendix , Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848.
Tubulipora, sp. Johnston.

1. Phalangella Phalangea.

Tubulipora Phalangea, Couch , Corn. Faun. iii. 106. pi. 19. fig. 7;

Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 273. pi. 46. figs. 1, 2.
Tubulipora verrucaria?, M.-Edw. Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. viii.
323. pi. 12. fig. 1 ; Hassall ( ? ), Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi.
171. pi. 6. figs. 3, 4; and ( ! ) vii. 366.
a , b, c. Cornwall, R. Q. Couch, Esq. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

2. Phalangella flabellaris.

Tubipora flabellaris, Fabr. Faun. Grcenl. 430; Turt . Gmel. iv. 615.
Discopora palmata?, Risso, UEurop. Merid , v. 339.

Tubulipora flabellaris, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 274,
t. 46. figs. 5, 6.

140

BRITISH RADIATA.

a , b, c , d. On Fuci. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq* Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.
e,f, g> On Fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Coronopora.

Coronopora, Gray , Appendix ; Proc. Zool . Soc. 1848.
Ceriopora, sp. Goldfuss ?

Millepora, sp. Jameson.

Tubulipora, sp. Johnston.

1. Coronopora truncata.

Millepora truncata, Jameson , Wern. Mem. i. 560.

Tubulipora truncata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 529 ; Johnst. Hist. Brit .
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 271. t. 33. figs. 8-10.

a. Orkney. Dry. Presented by W. E. Leach, M.D., 181 6.

b. Orkney, fifty fathoms water. In Goadby’s fluid. Pre-
sented by R. MacAndrew, Esq., 1848,

4. Obelia.

Obelia, Lamx. Exp. Meth. 81. t. 80, 1821 ; not Peron.
Pustulipora, Johnst . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 279, 1847.

Idmonea, sp. M.-Edw.

Tubipora, sp. Linn. S. N. i. 789, 17 57.

Tubulipora, sp. Lamk. Hist. ii. 162, 1816.

1. Obelia serpens.

Small purple Escbara, Ellis , Corail. 74. no. 6. pi. 27 e, E ; copied
in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. viii. pi. 12. fig. 2.

Tubipora serpens, Linn. Syst. ed. 10. 790 ; Linn. Syst. 1271 ;
Turt. Gmel. iv. 614; Jameson , Wern. Mem. i. 561; Stew.
Elem. ii. 426; Bose, Vers, ii. 351.

Millepora liliacea, Pall. Elench. 248 ; Turt . Gmel. iv. 639 ; Turt.

Brit. Faun. 205 ; Bose, Vers, ii. 345.

Millepora tubulosa, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 136 ; Turt. Gmel.
iv. 639 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 205 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 428 ; Bose,
Vers, ii. 345 ; Hogg's Stock. 37.

Cellepora ramulosa, Esper, Pfianz. Cellep. t. 5.

Tubulipora fimbria, Lamk. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 163?
Tubulipora transversa, Lamk. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 162, ed. 2. ii.
242 ; Risso, L'Europ. Merid. v. 338 ; Lamx. Expos. Meth. i.
pi. 64. fig. 1 (copied from Ellis ) ; Stark, Elem. ii. 437 ; Johnst.
Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 269 ; Blainv. Act. 424.

Obelia tubulifera, Lamx. Expos. Method. 81. t. 80. figs. 7, 8;
copied in Blainv. Actinol. 424. pi. 71- fig- 1» and in Ann. des
Sc. Nat. n. s. viii. pi. 12. fig. 3; Lamk. Anim. s. Vert, ed. 2.
ii. 246.

BRITISH RADIATA.

141

Tubulipora foraminulata, Blainv. Actinol. 425. pi. 62. figs. 3, 3a
(not of Lamarck).

Tubulipora organisans, TTOrbigny.

Tubulipora serpens, Flem. Brit. Anim. 529 ; Couch, Zooph. Cornw .
45; Corn. Faun. iii. 105. pi. 19. fig. 6; Johnst. Hist. Brit .
Zooph. ed. 2. p. 275. t. 47. figs. 4, 5, 6.

Idmonea transversa, M.-Edw. Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s . ix. 218.
pi. 9. fig. 3.

Pherusa tubulosa, Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 469 — on tbe
authority of W. Thompson in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 252.

a. On Plumularia falcata. Berwick Bay. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

b. On Sertularia abietina, and with Tubulipora hispida.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. On Sertularia Felicula, with Crisia eburnea and Tubuli-
pora hispida. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

d. On -Modiola, with Lepralia hyalina. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

e. On a Lima, with Lepralia annulata ! Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

/, g , h, i. On Fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
j, k, l, m. On shell. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Obelia deflexa.

Tubulipora deflexa. Couch, Zooph. Cornw. 46 ; Corn . Faun. iii.
107. pi. 19. fig. 4.

Pustulipora deflexa, Johnst . Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 279. t. 48.
fig. 5, 5.

Tubulipora serpens var. ?, Johnston, l. c. 279.

a, b, c. Cornwall, R. Q. Couch, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

3. Obelia lobulata.

Tubulipora lobulata, Hassall, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist . vii. 367.

pi. 10. figs. 1, 2; Johnst. Hist. Brit . Zooph. ed. 2. p. 2 72.

T. serpens var., Thompson, MSS.

5. Idmonea.

Idmonea, Lamx. Expos. Meth. 80. t. 79?; E. Forbes ; Johnst ,
Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 277? not Flem.

1. Idmonea atlantica.

Idmonea atlantica, E. Forbes, MSS. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.
p. 278. t. 48. fig. 3, 3.

a, b. Zetland, “E. Forbes.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

142

BRITISH RADIATA.

6. Alecto.

Alecto, Lamx. Exp. Meth. 84, 1821; Blainv. 1830; Johnst.
Brit . Zooph .; not Leach , 1815.

1. Alecto granulata.

Alecto granulata, M.-Edw. Mem. p. 13. pi. 16. fig. 3, 3; Johnst .

Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 280. t. 49. figs. 1, 2.

Tubulipora trahens, Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 45; Corn. Faun. iii.
105. pi. 19. fig. 5 (not good).

a, h , c , d, e, f, g, h. On shell. Sana. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

i , 7c. With Lepralia catenata. Sana. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

2. Alecto major.

Tubulipora repens ?, S. V. Wood, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 14.
Alecto major, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 281. t. 49.
figs. 3, 4.

Alecto dichotoma, Landshorough, MSS,

a, h, c. d. Sana Island. On shells and stones. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

3. Alecto dilatans.

Tubulipora palmata?, S. V. Wood, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii.
14.

Alecto dilatans, Johnst. Hist . Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 282. t. 49.
figs. 5-8.

a, b, c, d. Sana Island. On shells. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

4. Alecto gracilis.

Alecto gracilis, M.- Edw. Mem. 15. t. 16. fig. 2; Johnst. Brit.

Zooph. ed. 2. 282.

Inhab. Isle of Man.

7. Berenicea.

Berenicea, Lamx. Exp. Meth. 80. t. 80. figs. 1, 2, 1821, not Peron.
Tubulipora, sp. Johnst. Brit. Zooph . ed. 1, 1838.

Diastopora, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. 276, 1847, not Lamx .

Exp. Meth. 73, 1821 (fossil Flustra).

Diastopores simples, M.-Edw. Ann. Sci. Nat. v. 252.

Berenicea, sp. Flem. Brit. Anim. 1828.

Obelia, Gray , Misc.; not Lamx. 1821.

1. Berenicea hyalina.

Berenicea prominens, Lamx. Exp. Meth. 80. t. 80. figs. 1,2?
Berenicea hyalina, Flem. Brit. Anim. 533 (1828).

BRITISH RADIATA.

143

Obelia tubifera, Gray , Zool Misc. 35.

Tubulipora Obelia, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 269. pi. 30. figs. 7, 8 ;
Couch , Zooph. Cornw. 47; Corn. Faun. iii. 108; Thompson.
Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 252 .

Diastopora Obelia, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 277. t. 47.
figs. 7, 8.

a, 5, c. On shells, with Tubulipora orbiculus. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

e>f- On Modiola. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
g, h. On^ Pinna. Cork. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
i. With Cellepora pumicosa. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,
k. “ Tubulipora.55 Scilly Island, J. Mac Andrew, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

8. Pustulipora.

Pustulipora, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx.?; Man. Act. 418?; E.
Forbes ; M.-Edw. Ann. Sci. Nat. ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2.
1847, 279. F

1. Pustulipora proboscidea.

Pustulipora proboscidea, M.-Edw. Mem. 27. pi. 12. fig.2* Johnst ,
Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 279. t. 48. fig. 4, 4.
a. Zetland Sea. E. Forbes. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

APPENDIX

I. THE CHARACTER OF THE FAMILIES AND GENERA
PROPOSED IN THIS CATALOGUE.

Fam. CampanulariadjE, p. 83.

CoNCHELLA, p. 88.

Coral closely interwoven, resembling a loose-textured sponge ;
fibres not rugged ; cells bell-shaped. “ Tentacles 8, rarely 10.
Larva is a planula.” Daly ell.

4. Coppinia, Hassall, MSS. p. 88.

" Polypidom parasitic, hirsute ; cells elongate, tubular, mostly
curved, arising out of the angle of junction of ascending or
basal cells, and the apertures of which are frequently covered
with a lid or operculum, which is itself perforated by a small
tubular orifice.” — Hassall , MSS.

1. Coppinia mirabilis.

Coppinia mirabilis, Hassall , MSS.

a. Coast of Dublin, 1842. Presented by A. H. Hassall, Esq.

Class Y. POLYZOA, p. 91.

Order I. CARNOSA.

The polypes covered with a fleshy envelope uniting together into
a fleshy polypidom.

Fam. 1. Alcyonidiad^e, p. 91.

Polypidom spongy, fleshy, polymorphous ; polype cell irregularly
disposed with a contractile aperture: no external ovarian
capsules.

APPENDIX.

145

Order II. CORNEA.

The polypes covered with a horny flexible external case , forming
a massive or arborescent polypidom.

a. The body of the polype adnate to the cell .

Fam. 2. Pedicellinid,®, p. 93.

Polypidom creeping, sending forth club-shaped cells ; tentacles
numerous, contractile (not retractile) into the cells.

b. The body of the polype separate from the parietes of the cell .

Fam. 3. Vesiculariadje, p. 94.

Polypidom confervoid, horny, fistulous, continued, not jointed;
polype cell tubular, cylindrical, deciduous.

Fam. 4. Cristatellid^e, p. 99.

Polypidom tubular, not jointed, often united together into a
mass ; polype cells cylindrical, tubular, permanent.

Fam. 5. Paludxcellaid^e, p. 102.

The polypidom confervoid, jointed; polype cells ovate, with a
roundish rather tubular lateral subapical aperture, all opening
on one side of the polypidom.

c. The polypes covered with a coriaceous external case , which is
thicker on the sides and underpart and thinner above j opening
of the cell subapical, linear, transverse.

Fam. 6. Flustradjb, p. 103.

Polype cells placed side by side, forming an expanded crust on
rocks, or continued frond, bearing cells on one or both of its
sides ; ovicells numerous, subglobose.

a. Interspaces between the cells coriaceous .

1. Flustra, p. 103.

Coral frondose, expanded, forked, with cells on both sides, or
crustaceous, applied to marine bodies ; cells ovate, six-sided,
broad above, narrower below, semi-alternate with scattered mar-
ginal denticles ; ovarial cells globular.

2. Chartella, p. 104.

Coral frondose, expanded, lobed, with cells on both sides ;
cells linear-oblong, in many series, with smooth edges.

G

146

APPENDIX.

3. Carbasea, p. 105.

Coral frondose, expanded, lobed, with the cells only on one
side; cells oblong, six-sided, in many series, narrow and trun-
cated below, with smooth edges.

4. Avicularia, p. 105.

Coral linear, branched, forked, with the cells only on one side ;
cells oblong, with a spine on each side of the aperture ; ova-
rial cells globular, large.

5. Flabellaria, p. 106.

Coral linear, branched, forked, with the cells only on one side,
with scattered root-like fibres ; cells ovate, hexangular, trun-
cated above, many-rowed ; edge spinose ; ovarial cells hemi-
spherical.

6. Annulipora, p. 107.

Coral incru sting, membranaceous; cells shallow, ovate, circular,
spinose on the edge, close together ; ovarial cells ?

7- Flustrella, p. 108.

Coral incrusting, defined, rather fleshy, spinulose; cells shallow,
ovate, spinose on the edge, rather far apart.

b. Interspaces between the cells calcareous.

8. Conopeum, p. 108.

Coral incrusting, forming a regular roundish spot, formed of a
single layer of regular cells placed close side by side, calcareous,
rather vesicular ; cells rhombic, in a quincunx ; ovarial cells
very small, globular.

9. Callopora, p. 109.

Coral incrusting, forming a regular roundish spot formed of a
single layer of regular cells placed side by side, those of the
circumference being imperfect ; cells ovate, elongate, edged with
crowded spines ; membranaceous above ; ovarial cells globular.

10. Amphiblestrum, p. 110.

Coral incrusting, spreading, formed of. a single layer of regular
cells placed side by side; cells elongate-oblong, four-sided,
sides thick, calcareous, each defined with a slight groove above,
upper surface membranaceous.

Fam. 7- Bugulid^:, p. 110.

Polype cells single or in pairs or threes, each group forming a
joint of a jointed confervoid polypidom, having the aperture of
the cells all on one side.

APPENDIX.

147

1. Crisularia, p. 111.

Epistomia, p. 83, should be arranged in this family. See Busk,
Rep. Misc. Soc. 1848, 14.

The following exotic genera appear to belong to this family : —

Selbia, Gray , Dieffenbach , New Zealand , ii. 292, 1843. S. Ze-
landica.

Halqphila, Gray, l. c. ii. 292, 1843. H. Johnstonhe.

Caberea, Lamx. Corail. 128, 1816 ; Blainv. 1830. Cellularia,
sp. Lamk. Hist. 1816. Cab. dichotoma.

d. The polypes covered with a hard coriaceous external case of
equal thickness throughout ; opening of the cell sub apical, linear,
transverse.

Fam. 8. Microporid^e, p. 115.

Polype cells forming a crust, placed in a single layer in a quin-
cunx manner.

1. Micropora, p. 115.

Coral crustaceous ; cells in a quincunx ; aperture linear and
lunate.

Order III. CALCAREA.

(Polypes forming a calcareous coral.)

Suborder I. CELLEPORINA, p. 115.

Coral calcareous, the polypes covered with a calcareous external
case of equal thickness throughout j opening of the cell sub-
apical, roundish.

Fam. 9. Celleporid^e, p. 115.

Polype cells placed side by side, forming an applied crust, or
frondose, or branched, not jointed, polypidom generally fur-
nished with globular capsules.

2. Cells attached, forming an anastomosing network without any
crust j ovarian cell globular (Savig. Pol. Egypt, t. f. 3). Hip-
POTHOINA, p. 115.

1. Hippothoa, p. 115.

). Cells side by side in a single layer, forming a crust. Lepra-
liana, p. 116.

3ribrilina, p. 116.

Cells spongy, porous or cribellated, placed side by side in a
single series, only slightly thickened by age, uniform, decum-
bent ; mouth superior, semilunar ; ovarian tube none.

g 2

148

APPENDIX.

Lepralia, p. 117-

Cells calcareous, hard, placed side by side in a single series,
only slightly thickened by age, decumbent ; mouth superior,
semilunar; ovarian tubes none ; ovicell globular, anterior, simple
in front.

* Mouth of cell unarmed.

t Crust pierced between the cells. Spec. 1. L. Jacotini.
t Crust continued. Sp. 2. L. simplex.

** Mouth of cell ciliated. Sp. 19 to 2L L. ciliata, &c.

*** Mouth of cell with a spine on each side, Microstoma. 22.
L. annulata.

Herentia, p. 122.

Cells calcareous, hard, placed side by side, forming a uniform
crust, only slightly thickened by age, decumbent ; mouth su-
perior, semicircular, with a cylindrical ovarian tube on one side
below the mouth ; ovicell globular, anterior.

7- Esciiarina, p. 123.

Cells calcareous, hard, placed side by side in a single series,
decumbent, uniform, only slightly thickened by age ; mouth
subterminal, superior, with a triangular ovarian tube on each
side ; ovicell globular, anterior.

8. Escharella, p. 125.

Cells hard, calcareous, placed side by side in a single series,
not altered by age, forming an undefined crust ; the younger
cells on the circumference decumbent, with a superior aperture ;
the older cells in the middle of the crust sunk, confused, vesi-
cular. A cmstaceous Eschar a.

9. Discopora, p. 126.

Cells calcareous, placed side by side, forming a crust only
slightly thickened by age ; cells ovate, ascending, with a large
round terminal mouth with a large tooth in front; ovarian
tubes none ; ovicell none ?

11. Porella, p. 127.

Coral erect, branched, vesicular, roundish, tips of branches com-
pressed, with regular cells placed in a quincunx ; cells of the
older part of the coral rounded.

12. Celleporina, p. 128.

Coral crust aceous, attached ; cells hard, calcareous, crowded,
forming a circumscribed crust ; the younger cells in the cir-
cumference decumbent, radiating, free at the end, the older
cells in the centre crowded, ascending or suberect, united to-

APPENDIX.

149

gether nearly to the mouth; younger cells with a roundish
subterminal mouth with a tubular ovarian tube on each side ;
ovicells globular, small, anterior.

13. Celleporella, p. 128.

Coral crustaceous, attached ; cells hard, calcareous, crowded,
forming a circumscribed crust ; the younger cells on the cir-
cumference decumbent, radiating, free at the end, the outer
cells in the centre crowded, ascending, or suberect, united to-
gether nearly to the mouth ; younger cells with a simple round
terminal mouth without any ovarial tubes (or ovicells?).

Fam. 10. Soup ariad^e, p. 132.

Polype cell single or in pairs, each forming a joint of an articu-
lated conferva-like polypidom with the mouth of all the cells
on one of its sides.

4. Salpingia, Coppin , MSS.

“ Cells elongated, sessile, on a branched stem ; apertures la-
teral, broader above than below ; produced base of cells sur-
rounded by one or more spines and trumpet-shaped processes.”
Coppin , MSS.

1. Salpingia Hassallii.

Salpingia Hassallii, Coppin , MSS.

Brighton, 20tli June, 1848. On filamentous Algae. Pre-
sented by John Coppin, Esq.

Suborder II. TUBULIPORINA, p. 134.

The polypes covered with a transparent glassy external cylin-
drical tubular case of equal thickness , with the opening at the
end of the tube j ovicells ? vesicular.

Fam. 11. Crisiad/e, p. 135.

Polype cell single or in pairs, forming a joint of an articulated
conferva-like polypidom with the mouths of all the cells on
one side.

Fam. 12. Tubuliporid^e, p. 137.

Polype cells on an expanded crust-like or branched, not jointed,
polypidom.

2. Phalangella, p. 139.

Coral expanded, crustaceous, lobed or fan-shaped, without any
visible margin, upper surface covered with tubular cells placed
in irregular cross rows.

3. Coronopora, p. 140.

Coral calcareous, spongy, cylindrical, proliferous (as if
branched), surface pitted, apex truncated, rather convex, with
the tubular cells placed in convex diverging ridges.

150

APPENDIX.

II. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 4. “ Echinus, n. s.” MacAndrew.
by c. Zetland, in solution of bay-salt. Presented by R.
MacAndrew, Esq.

g. Zetland. Dry. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq.

7. Echinocardium ovatum.

Cy dy e,f. Hebrides, Zetland. Presented by R. MacAndrew,
Esq.

7. Brissiopsis lyrifer.

c, d, e, f. Hebrides. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq.

8. Thy one Raplianus.

a, Zetland. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq.

7. Thyone, add xinaperus, Troschel, Erich. Arch. Nat. 1846, 60.
Thvone fusus, add Anaperus fusus, Troschel, Erich. Arch.
Nat . 1846, 62.

9. Psolus phantopus.

“ Holotburia squamata,” MacAndrew.

a. Zetland. In solution of bay-salt. Presented by R. Mac-
Andrew, Esq.

14. Sipunculus granulosa, read granulosus.

30. Ephyra simplex, Penn., read Peron.

41. Gynosomata, read Gymnosomata.

51. Turbinolia Millesiana.

b, Cy d. Cornwall. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq.

52. Caryophyllia Smitliii, var.

e. var. Zetland. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq.

57. Iris hippuns and Iris extrochus, read Isis.

59. Pavonaria quadrangularis.

c, d, e,f. In spirits. Oban. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq.
62. Cordylophora lacustris.

a. In spirits. From a cistern at Kensington. Presented by
George Busk, Esq.

70. After Sertularia pumila, add
2*. Sertularia gracilis.

Sertularia gracilis, Hassall , MSS. {Ann. Nat. Hist. July 1848,
cover).

a, by c. On Algae. Brighton. Presented by A. II. Hassall,
Esq.

APPENDIX.

151

Page 75. Nigellastrum nigra, pinna.ta, and fuse#, readN. nigr um,
N. pinnat um, and N. fusewm.

82. Epistomia Bursaria, add Notamia Bursaria, Busk , Report
Microsc. Soc. 1848, 14. Mr. Busk describes tbe animal and
proves this genus to belong to Polyzoa. It ought to be ar-
ranged near Bicellaria, p. 112.

Add c?, e,f. On Algae. Brighton: common. Presented by
John Coppin, Esq.

87- Capsularia Syringa.

b. Ramsgate, May 1842. Presented by John Coppin, Esq.

88. 7*. Capsularia serpens, n. s.

Campanularia serpens, Hassall , MSS.

a. Coast of Dublin, 1842. Presented by A. IX. Hassall, Esq.

93. Pulmonellum: e rase. This genus is a Tunicata. Add Apli-
dium Ficus, Savigny , Mem. part ii. 183; Forbes and Hanley,
British Concli. 11.

Alpidium Ficus, Flem. Brit. Anim. 470.

133. iEtea Anguina, add Anguinaria spatulata. Busk , Rep. Mi-
crosc. Soc. 1848, 15. Mr. Busk describes the animal.

141. Idmonea atlantica.

c. Zetland. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq.

CONCORDANCE

OF THE NAMES USED IN THE FOLLOWING WORKS ON BRITISH RADIATA
AND IN THIS CATALOGUE, WITH A REFERENCE TO THE PAGH IN
EACH WORK.

I. FORBES’S HISTORY OF BRITISH STAR-FISHES.

I. Crinoide^e page 1

Comatula rosacea 5

II. OPHIURIDiE 19

Ophiura texturata 22

albida 27

Ophiocoma neglecta 30

Ballii 35

punctata 37

filiformis 40

brachiata 45

granulata 50

bellis 53

Goodsiri 57

rosula 60

minuta 65

Astrophyton scutatura 67

III. Asteriad^e 71

Uraster glacialis 78

rubens 83

violacea 91

hispida 95

Cribella oculata 100

rosea 106

Solaster endeca 109

papposa 112

Palmipes membranaceus ... 116

Asterina gibbosa 119

Goniaster Templetoni 122

equestris 125

Asterias aurantiaca 130

Luidia fragilissima 135

Crinoidea page 27

Antedon decameros 28

Ophiurid^e 23

Opbiolepis ciliata 23

albida 24

elegans 24

Opbiopholis Ballii 25

Ophiolepis punctata 24

filiformis 24

Ophiopholis brachiata 25

Ophiocoma nigra 26

Ophiopholis aculeata 25

Goodsiri 25

Ophiothrix fragilis 26

minuta 27

Astrophyton arborescens ... 27

Asteroid a 16

Asterias glacialis! 17

rubens 16

violaceus 17

hispida 17

Henricia oculatus 20

rosea 20

Solaster Endeca 19

papposa 19

Palmipes membranaceus ... 22

Asterina gibbosa 23

Porania pulvillus 22

Hippasteria equestri s 28

Astropecten irregularis 18

Luidia Savignii 11

g 5

154

CONCORDANCE.

IV. Echinid.e ...page 141

Cidaris papiUata 146

Echinus sphsera 149

miliaris 161

Flemingii 164

lividus 167

neglectus 172

Echinocyamus pusillus 175

Echinarachnius placenta ... 178

Spatangus purpureus 182

Brissus lyrifer 187

Amphidotus cordatus 190

roseus 394

V. IIOLOTHU RI AD.E ... 197

Psolus pliantapus 203

Psolinus brevis 207

Cucumaria frondosa 209

pentactes 213

communis 217

fusiformis 219

hyalina 221

Hyndmanni 225

fucicola 227

Ochnus brunneus 227

lacteus 231

Thyone papillosa 233

Portlockii 238

Cbirodota digitata 239

VI. SlPUNCULIDiE 243

Syrinx nudus 245

papillosus 247

Harveii 249

Siphunculus Bernbardus ... 251

Johnstoni 254

Priapulus caudatus 256

Thalassema Neptuni 259

Ecbiurus vulgaris 263

Echinida ..page 2

Cidaris papillata 2

Echinus esculentus 3

miliaris 3

Flemingii 3

lividus 4

Ecliinoinetra Drobaeliensis . 4

Echinocyamus pusillus 5

Echinarachnius placenta ... 5

Spatangus purpureus 6

Brissiopsis lyrifer 7

Ecliinocardium cordatum ... 6

ovatum 6

Holothurida 7

Psolus phantopus 9

Psolinus brevis 9

Pentacta frondosa 9

pentactes 10

Thyronidium Drummondii. . . 11

fusiformis 10

pellucidum 11

Pentacta Hyndmanni 10

? Pentacta frondosa, jun. ... 9

? Pentacta frondosa, jun. ... 9

Pentacta lactea 10

Thyone fusus 7

Thyronidium Drummondii. . . 11

Synapta inhaerens 12

SlPUNCULIDiE 13

Sipunculus nudus 13

papillosus 13

Harveii 13

Strombi 13

Johnstoni 14

Priapulus caudatus 14

Thalassema rupium 15

Echiurus oxyurus 15

II. FORBES’S BRITISH ACALEPH;E.

Mr. Edward Forbes has given me the following List of British
Acaleph/E, about to be published by the Ray Society ; “ all the spu-
rious and incomprehensible species being rejected.,, — March 28, 1848.

I. ClLIOGRADA.

Beroe cucumis, O. Fab Beroe cucumis ..page 37

pellucida, E. Forbes new species.

CONCORDANCE.

156

Mnemia Norvegica, Sars

Smithii, Forbes fy Goodsir ...

Cydippe pileus, Muller

pomiformis, Patterson

Flemingii, E. Forbes ?

lagena, E. Forbes

Bolina hibernica page 39

new sp.

Cydippe pileus 38

pomiformis 39

infundibulum ••••• 38

new sp .

II. PuLMOGRADA StEGONOPTHALMATA.

Rhizostoma pulmo, Gmel. Rhizostoma undulata

Cassiopea lunulata, Penn Cassiopea lunulata .

Pelagia cyanella, Peron Pelagia cyanella

.... 29
.... 30

.... 30

Chrysaora hysoscella, Linn Chrysaora hysoscella 31

Cyanea capillata, Linn. ... Cyanea capillata 31

Lamarckii, Peron

Lamarckii .

Aurelia aurita, Linn Medusa aurita

cruciata, Bast. .

cruciata .

III. PuLMOGRADA G YMNOPTH ALMATA.

Willsia stellata, E. Forbes

Tunis digitata, Fab

neglecta, Lesson

Sapbenia dinema, Peron

Oceania octona, Flem

turrita, E. Forbes

episcopalis, E. Forbes

sphaerica, E. Forbes

Storaobracbium octocostatum, 1
E. Forbes f
Polyxenia cyanostylis, Eschsch....
Geryonia appendiculata, E. Forbes

Tima Bairdii, Jolinst

Circe rubescens, E. Forbes

Thaumantias cymbaloidea, Mood.

quadrata, E. Forbes

aeronautica, E. Forbes

maculata, E. Forbes

pilosella, E. Forbes

hemisphaerica, E. Forbes ...

inconspicua, E. Forbes

octona, E. Forbes

globosa, E. Forbes

melanops, E. Forbes

punctata, E. Forbes

lucida, E. Forbes

pileata, E. Forbes

lineata, E. Forbes

sarnica, E. Forbes

gibbosa, E. Forbes

convexa, E. Forbes

Thompsoni, E. Forbes

32

33
33
33
33

Willsia stellata

Tunis digitata

coccinea

Sapbenia dinema

Oceania octona

undescribed sp.
new sp.
new sp.

new sp.

newly recorded Brit. sp.

Geryonia appendiculata 35

Tima Bairdii 36

Circe rosea 34

Thaumantias cymbaloidea ... 35
undescribed sp.
new sp.
new sp.
new sp.

Thaumantias hemispbserica ... 34
new sp.
new sp.
new sp.
new sp.

Thaumantias punctata 35

new sp.

Thaumantias pileata 35

new sp.

Thaumantias sarnica 35

new sp.
new sp.

Thaumantias Thompsoni 35

156

CONCORDANCE.

Slabberia lialterata, E. Forbes

Sarsia tubulosa, Sars

ornata, E. Forbes

gemmifera, E. Forbes

prolifera, E. Forbes

Bougainvillia britannica, E. Forbes

nigritella, E. Forbes

Lizzia octopunctata, Sars

blondina, E. Forbes

Moodeeria formosa, E. Forbes ...

Euphysa aurata, E. Forbes

Steenstrupia rubra, E. Forbes . . .
flaveola, E. Forbes

IV. Diphyid.e.

Diphya elongata, Hyndm

V. Physophorid.e.

Pbysalia pelagica, Eschsch

Apolemia ? gettiana, Hyndm

VI. Velellid.®.

Velella mutica, Lamk

emarginata, Thomps

Rataria pocillum

Slabberia halterata page 35

Sarsia 36

new sp.
new sp.
new sp.

Bugainvillia britannica 36

new sp.

Lizzia octopunctata 36

new sp.

Moodeeria, sp 36

new sp.

Ste.enstrupia, sp 37

new sp.

Diphyes campanulifera ? 39 |

Arethusa, sp 40

new sp.

Phyllodoce vulgaris 40

new sp.

Aglaura pocillum 40

III. JOHNSTON’S HISTORY OF THE BRITISH ZOO-
PHYTES, Ed. 2, 1847.

I. Tubularina.

Fam. 1. Corynidje.

1. Clava. 1. multicomis ...p. 30

2. Hydractinia. 1. ecbinata 34

Alderi 463

Hydra corynaria 36

3. Coryne. 1. pusilla 39

4. Cordylophora. 1. lacustris 44

Fam. 2. Tubulariada:.

5. Eudendrium. 1. rameum 45

2. ramosum 46

6. Tubularia. 1. indivisa ... 48

2. Dumortierii 50

3. Larynx 50

4. gracilis 52

7. Corymorpha. 1. nutans... 54

Tubularina page 59

Fam. Corynhle 59

Clava multicornis 60

Hydractinia echinata 61

Alderi 61

minuticornis 61

Coryne pusilla 61

Cordylophora lacustris 62

Fam. Tubulariadje 63

Halecium rameum 67

Eudendrium ramosum 63

Tubularia indivisa 64

Dumortierii 64

Larynx 64

gracilis 65

Corymorpha nutans 65

CONCORDANCE.

157

II. Sertularina.

Fam. Sertulariad^e.

8. Halecium. 1. Halecinum p. 58

2. Beanii 59

3. muricatum 60

9. Sertularia. l.polyzonias 61

2. rugosa 63

3. rosacea 64

4. pumila 66

5. Evansii 67

6. nigra 68

7. pinnata 69

8. fusca 70

9. Pinaster 71

10. Margareta 72

11. fallax 73

12. Tamarisca 74

13. abietina 75

14. filicula 76

15. operculata 77

16. argentea 79

17. cupressina 80

10. Thuiaria. 1. Thuia 83

2. articulata 84

11. Antennularia. l.antennina 86

2. ramosa 88

12. Plumularia. 1. falcata... 90

2. cristata 92

3. pennatula 94

4. pinnata 95

5. setacea 97

echinulata 464

6. Catharina 97

7. myriophyllum 99

8. frutescens 100

Fam. Campanulariad^e.

13. Laomedea. 1. dichotoma 102

2. geniculata 103

3. gelatinosa 104

var

4. obliqua 106

14. Campanularia. l.volubilis 107

2. integra 109

3. intertexta 109

4. syringa 110

5. lacerata Ill

6. verticillata 112

7. dumosa 113

Sertularina page 66

Fam. Sertulariad^e ... 66

Halecium Halecinum 66

Beanii 67

muricatum 67

Sertularella polyzonias 68

rugosa 69

Sertularia rosacea 69

pumila 70

Evansii 71

Nigellastrum nigra 75

pinnata 75

fusca 75

Sertularia Pinaster 71

Margareta 71

fallax 71

Tamarisca 72

abietina 72

filicula 72

operculata 73

argentea 73

cupressina 74

Thuiaria thuja 76

articulata 76

Nemertesia antennina 77

ramosa 77

Aglaophenia falcata 78

pluma 79

Pennatula 79

pinnata 80

setacea 80

echinulata 81

Catharina 81

myriophyllum 81

frutescens 82

Fam. Campanulariad^e. 83

Laomedea dichotoma 83

geniculata 84

gelatinosa 85

Flemingii 85

obliqua 85

Capsularia volubilis 86

integra 86

Conchella intertexta 38

Capsularia Syringa 86

lacerata 87

verticillata 87

dumosa 88

158

CONCORDANCE.

Cymodocea. 1. simplex p. 116

2. comata 117

III. Hydrina.

Fain. Hydraid^e.

15. Hydra. 1. viridis 121

2. vulgaris 122

3. attenuata 123

4. oligactis 124

Anthozoa Asteroida.

Fam. PENNATULIDiE.

16. Pennatula. 1. pliospliorea 157

17. Yirgularia. 1. mirabilis 161

18. Pavouaria. 1. quadran-

gularis... 164

Fam. GORGONIADiE.

19. Gorgonia. 1. verrucosa 166

2. pinnata 168

3. placomus 168

4. anceps... 169

20. Primnoa. 1. lepadifera 171

Fam. Alcyonid.e.

21. Alcvonium. 1. digitatum 174

2. glomeratum 178

22. Sarcodietyon. 1. catenata 179
Anthozoa Helianthoida.

I. Milleporina.

23. Pocillopora. 1 . interstincta 1 94

II. OCELLINA.

24. Turbinolia. 1. borealis 195

2. inilletiana 196

25. Caryophyllia. 1. Smithii 198
2. Oculina prolifera 195, 251

III. ZOANTHINA.

26. Zoanthus. 1. Couchii... 202

IV. Actinina.

Fam. Actinlad^s.

27. Capnea. 1. sanguinea . 203

28. Corynactis. 1. viridis... 205

2. Allmani 474

29. Adamsia. 1. palliata ... 207

30. Actinia. 1. mev:embryan-

themuin... 210
2. margaritifera 213

Cymodoce simplex page 88

comata 89

Hydrina 89

Fam. Hydraid.® 89

Hydra viridis 89

vulgaris 90

attenuata 90

Oligactis 90

Fam. Pennatulid^e ... 57

Pennatula phosphorea 58

Virgularia mirabilis 58

Pavonaria quadrangularis ... 59

Fam. 2. Gorgoniad^e... 55

Gorgonia verrucosa 55

pinnata 56

Muricea Placomus 56

Pterogorgia anceps 56

Primnoa lepadifera 57

Fam. Alcyonidal ... 53

Alcyonium digitatum 54

glomeratum 54

Sarcodietyon catenata 55

ZOANTHARIA 41

Pocillopora ? interstincta ... 51

Caryophyllia borealis 52

Turbinolia Millesiana 51

Caryophyllia Smithii 52

Oculina prolifera 51

Fam. Zoanthidjs 50

Zoanthus Couchii 50

Fam. Actiniad^e 41

Capnea sanguinea 41

Corynactis viridis 42

Allmani 42

Adamsia palliata 48

Actinia mesembryanthemum 42

m argariti fera 43

CONCORDANCE.

159

Actinia. 3. chiococca...p.

4. chrysosplenium

5. coccinea

6. viduata

7. troglodytes

8. alba

9. anguicoma

10. intestinalis

11. chrysanthellum

12. biserialis

13. vermicularis

14. gemmacea

15. monile

16. coriacea

17. crassicornis

18. parasitica

19. bellis

20. dianthus

31. Anthea. 1. cereus

2. Tuedise

32. Iluanthos. 1. scoticas...

Fam. Lucernariadas.

33. Lucernaria. 1. fascicularis

2. auricula

3. campanulata

4. cyathiformis

POLYZOA INFUNDIBULATA.

I. Tubuliporina....
Fam. Tubuliporid^e.

1. Tubulipora. 1. patina ...

2. hispida

3. penicillata

4. truncata

5. lobulata

6. phalangea

7. flabellaris

8. serpens

9. hyalina

2. Diastopora. 1. obelia ...

3. Idmonea. 1. atlantica ...

4. Pustulipora. 1. proboscidea

2. deflexa

5. Alecto. 1. granulata

2. major

Fam. Crisiad^e.

6. Crisia. l.eburnea

2. denticulata

Actinia chiococca page 43

chrysosplenium 43

coccinea 43

viduata 43

Troglodytes 43

alba 44

anguicoma 44

intestinalis 44

chrysanthellum 44

biserialis 44

vermicularis 44

Cribrina gemmacea 45

monile 46

coriacea 46

crassicornis 46

parasitica 46

bellis 47

Dianthus 47

Cereus sulcata 44

edulis 45

Iluanthos scoticus 49

Fam. 2. Lucern ariad^e... 49

Lucernaria fascicularis 49

auricula 49

campanulata 49

cyathiformis 49

Polyzoa 91

Tubuliporina 134

T ubulipora verrucaria 137

hispida ]38

penicillata 139

Coronopora truncata 140

Obelia lobulata ............... 142

Phalangella Phalangea 139

flabellaris 139

Obelia serpens 141

Tubulipora hyalina 139

Berenicea hyalina 142

Idmonea atlantica 141

Pustulipora proboscidea 143

Obelia deflexa 141

Alecto granulata I42

major 142

Crisia eburnea 135

denticulata 136

214

214

215

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

224

226

228

228

232

240

242

243

244

246

248

475

256

265

266

268

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

278

279

280

281

283

284

160

CONCORDANCE.

Crisia. 3. nculeata...page 285

4. geniculata 286

7. Crisidia. 1. cornuta 287

2. setacea 288

II. Celleporina.

Fam. Eucratiad^e.

8. Eucratea. 1. chelata ... 288

9. Anguinaria. ] . spatulata 290

10. Ilippothoa. 1. eaten ularia 291

2. divaricata 291

3. sica 292

4. cassiterides 476

11. Gemellaria. l.loriculata 293

Sertularia Bursaria 294

Fam. Celleporid^e.

12. Cellepora. 1. pumicosa 295

2. ramulosa 296

3. Skenei 297

4. cervicornis 298

5. laevis 299

6. vitrina 300

13. Lepralia. 1. hyalina ... 301

2. tenuis 303

3. assimilis 304

4. Hassallii 304

5. simplex 305

6. ventricosa 305

7. Hyndmanni 306

8. ansata 307

9. ovalis 307

10. linearis 308

11. 4-dentata 309

12. granifera 309

13. Landsborovii 310

14. auriculata 310

15. pertusa 311

16. punctata 312

17. annulata 312

18. figuralis 314

19. biforis 314

20. Peachii 315

21. pedilostoma 315

var

22. verrucosa 316

23. reticulata 317

24. variolosa 317

25. fenestralis 318

26. nitida 319

Crisia aculeata page 136

geniculata

Falcaria cornuta

137

setacea

137

Scuparia chelata

132

JEtea Anguina

133

Ilippothoa catenularia

116

divaricata

116

sica

cassiterides

Gemellaria loriculata . . .

134

Epistomia Bursaria

82

Cellepora pumicosa

129

ramulosa

129

Skenei

130

Porella cervicornis

127

Cellepora laevis

130

vitrina

Celleporella hvalina ....

128

Lepralia Jacotini

117

assimilis

117

Celleporina Hassallii ....

128

Lepralia simplex

118

ventricosa

118

Ilerentia Ilyndmanni. . . .

122

Escharina ansata

124

Lepralia ovalis

118

Ilerentia linearis

123

Lepralia 4-dentata

118

granifera

118

Landsborovii

119

auriculata

119 ,

pertusa

Cribrilina punctata

117

Lepralia annulata

122

figularis

119

Ilerentia biforis

123

Lepralia Peachii

119

pedilostoma

120

Conopeum reticulum

108

Discopora verrucosa

126

Lepralia reticulata

119

Escharina variolosa

125

Lepralia fenestralis

120

nitida

120

CONCORDANCE.

161

Lepralia. 27. innominata...p.

28. semilunaris

29. unicornis

30. Ballii

31. coccinea

32. ciliata

— jS

33. spinifera

34. trispinosa

35. immersa

36. violacea

37. bispinosa

14. Membranipora. l.pilosa

— p

2. membranacea

Fam. Escharidve.

15. Cellularia. 1. ciliata ...

2. ternata

3. scruposa

4. reptans

5. Hookeri

6. avicularia

7. neritina

8. plumosa

16. Flustra. 1. foliacea

2. cbartacea

3. truncata

4. carbasea

5. setacea

6. avicularis

7. Murray ana

8. membranacea

9. coriacea

? 10. lineata

17. Eschara. 1. foliacea ...

2. fascialis

3. cribraria

18. Retepora. 1. reticulata

2. Beaniana

19. Salicornaria. 1. farcimi-

noides

2. sinuosa

III. Halcyonellea.

20. Alcvonidium. 1. gelati-

nosum

2. hirsutum

3. parasiticum

?hispidum

Lepralia innominata ... page 121

semilunaris 121

Escharina uniformis 124

Ballii 124

coccinea 124

Lepralia ciliata 121

Herentia insignis 123

Lepralia spinifera 122

trispinosa 122

Escharella immersa 125

violacea 125

Discopora bispinosa 126

Annulipora pilosa 107

dentata 107

Amphiblestrum membrana-

ceum 110

Bicellana ciliata 112

Tricellaria ternata 113

Scupocellaria scruposa Ill

reptans 112

Canda aracbnoidea 113

Bugularia avicularia 114

Bugula Neritina 114

Crisularia plumosa Ill

Flustra foliacea 103

Chartella papyracea 104

securiformis 105

Carbasea papyrea 105

Flabellaria setacea 106

Avicularia flabellata 106

Flabellaria spiralis 106

Flustra membranacea 104

Micropora coriacea 115

Callopora lineata 109

Eschara foliacea 126

fascialis 127

cribraria 127

Retepora reticulata 130

Beaniana 130

S alicornaria farciminoides ... 131

sinuosa 132

Fam. Alcyonidiad^e ... 91

Alcyonidium gelatinosum ... 91

hirsutum 92

parasiticum 92

Flustr ella hispida 108

,319

320

320

321

322

323

324

324

325

325

326

327

328

335

335

336

337

338

338

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

346

347

348

348

349

350

352

352

353

353

355

356

358

360

362

363

162

CONCORDANCE.

21. Cycloum. 1. papillosum p. 364

22. Sarcochitum. l.polyoum 365

IV. Vesicularina.

Fam. Vesiculariad.e.

23. Serialaria. 1. lendigera 368

24. Vesicularia. 1. spinosa 370

25. Beania. 1. rairabilis ... 372

26. Valkeria. 1. cuscuta ... 374

2. uva 375

3. pustulosa 376

27. Bowerbankia. I.imbricata377

28. Farrella. 1. repens 380

Fam. Pedicellina.

29. Pedicellina. 1. echinata 382

Cycloum papillosum ...page 93
Sarcochitum polyoum 93

Fam. Vesiculariada... 94

Amathia lendigera 95

Vesicularia spinosa 95

Beania mirabilis 96

Valkeria Cuscuta 96

Uva.. 97

pustulosa 98

Bowerbankia imbricata 98

Farrella repens 99

Fam. Pedicellinida ... 93

Pedicellina echinata 94

PoLYZOA IIyPPOCREPIA.

Fam. Cristatellida.

30. Cristatella. 1. mucedo... 387

Fam. Plumatellida.

31. Alcyonella. 1. stagnorum 391

32. Plumatella. 1. repens... 402

2. emarginata 404

3. fruticosa 404

33. Fredericella. 1. sultana... 405

2. dilatata 405

Fam. PALUDICELLAIDA.

34. Paludicella. 1. articulata 405

Fam. Cristatellida. . . 99

Cristatella Mucedo 99

Alcyonella campanulata 100

Plumatella repens 101

emarginata 101

fruticosa 102

Nafsa sultana 102

dilatata 102

Fam. Paludicellaida... 102
Paludicella articulata 102

INDEX

Abbensis (Gon.), 21
Abies marina, 72
abietina(Sert.), 70, 72
abietinula (Sert.), 72
Acalepha, 29
Acamarchis, 114
Acepbala, 1
Acbilleum, 53
Actinia, 41
Actiniadae, 41
Actinina, 42
Actinocereus, 44
Actinozoa, 1
Actinozoaires, 1
aculeata (Ast.), 25, 26

(Crisia), 136

Adamsia, 48
Adelostella, 2
iEquorea, 34

(Med.), 34

aeronautica (Thau.),
155

iEtea, 133
affinis (Tubul.), 60
Aglaophenia, 78
Aglaura, 40
alba (Act.), 44
albida (Oph.), 24
alcicornis (Mill.), 127
Alcyonaria, 53
Alcyonella, 100
Alcyoniadae, 91
Alcyonidae, 53
Alcyonidiadae, 91, 144
Alcyonidium, 91
Alcyonidulae, 91
Alcyoniens, 53
Alcyonina, 53
Alcyonium, 53, 91
Alderi (Hydr.), 61
Aldrovandi (Rhiz.), 29
Alecto, 28, 142
allantophora(iEq.), 34
Allmani (Corvn.), 42
Amathia, 94

Ammothaea (Oph.), 25
Amphiblestrum, 110,
146

Amphidetus, 6
Amphidotus, 6
Anachitis, 5
anceps (Gorg.), 56
Anemone (Act.), 48
Anemonia, 44
anemonoides(Act.) , 48
Anemony, 47
anguicoma (Act.), 44
Anguina (Sert.), 133,
151

Anguinaria, 133, 151
angulosa (Ast.), 17

(Fib.), 5

angustiloba (Flustra),
106

Animaux apathiques,l

rayonnes, 1

annulata (Cell.), 122
Annulipora, 107, 146
Anomala, 37
ansata (Lepr.), 124
Anseropoda, 21
Antedon, 28
antennina (Penn.), 59

(Sert.), 77

Antennularia, 76
Anthea, 44
Anthophyllum, 53
Anthozoa, 41
Aplidium, 151
Apolemia, 156
appendiculata (Ger.),
35

appensa (Lepr.), 124
aquatica (Thai.), 15
Arachnodermata, 29
arachnoidea (Canda),
113

arborescens (Ant.), 78

(Ast.), 27

arcta (Sert.), 88

arctica (Cyan.), 31
arcuarius (Spat.), 6
arenacea (Lepr.), 117
arenosa (Flustra), 110
arenosa (Oph.), 24
Arethusa, 39
argentea (Sert.), 73
articulata (Pal.), 102

(Sert.), 76

Ascidiastella, 7
Ascidioida, 91
aspera (Ast.), 19
aspilonota (Chrys.),31
assimilis (Lepr.), 117
Asteracanthion, 16, 20
Asterencrinea, 27
Asteriadse, 15, 16
Asterise, 16
Asterias, 16
Asterida, 15
Asterina, 22
Asterinidse, 21
Asteriscus, 21
Asterocoma, 28
Asterogonium, 21
Asteroida, 16
Asterophidea, 23
Asteropis, 22
Astrese, 52
Astropecten, 18
Astropectinidse, 18
Astrophyton, 27
atlantica (Idm.), 141,
151

attenuata (Hydra), 90
Auliporina, 134
aurantiaca (Ast.), 18
aurantiacus (Ech.), 3
aurata (Eup.), 156
Aurelia, 31, 155
auricula (Lucern.), 49
auriculata(Lepr.), 119
aurita (Med.), 31
Aurora (Oph.), 24
— (Vel.), 40

164

INDEX.

Avicularia, 105

(Cell.), 114, 146

avicularis (Flust.), 106
avorio (Sert. d’), 135
Bairdii (Tima), 36
balanophorus(Sip.),13
Ballii (Lepr.), 124

(Oph.), 25

Baltica (Cyan.), 31
bandelettes (L’Esch.
a), 127

barbata (Com.), 28
Beania, 96
Beaniana (Ret.), 131
Beanii (Halec.j, 67
Bell Coralline, 86
Bell-flower animal,
100

bellis (Act.), 46, 47

(Oph.), 25

(Tubulip.), 138

Berenicea, 117, 142
Bernhardus (S.), 13
Beroe, 37, 154

(Volv.), 38

Beroidae, 37
Beroides, 37
bicaudatus (Volv.), 38
Bicellaria, 111, 112
bifida (Ast.), 28
biforis (Lepr.), 123
bimaculata (Act.), 46
bimucronata (Cell.),
128

(Esch ), 122

Bird’s-head Coralline,
114

biserialis (Act.), 44
Biseriaria, 75
bispinosa (Lepr.), 126
blondina (Lizzia), 156
Bolina, 39
borealis (Ber.), 37

(Car.), 52

(Cid.), 2

(Cyan.), 31

Borlasea (Cass.), 30
Bory (Diph.), 39
Bottle-brush Cor., 76
Bowerbankia, 98
brachiata (Ast.), 25

bracteata (Oph.), 24
brevis (Hoi.), 9
Brissiopsis, 7
Brissus, 7

Britannica (Bug.), 36

(Cyan.), 31

Britannica (Penn.), 58
brunnea (Hydra), 90
brunneus (Hoi.), 10
bryoides(Eudend.), 65
Bryozoa, 91
Bryozoarides, 91
Bugainvillia, 36
Bugle Coralline, 131
Bugula, 112, 114
Bugulidae, 110, 146
Bugulina, 114
bullata (Flustra), 129
BulFs-horn Cor., 132
Bursaria (Sert.), 82,
151

Caberea, 147
Calamaris (Tub.), 64,
65

Calamella, 63
Calamites, 57
Calcarea, 147
Callianiridae, 38
Callopora, 109, 146
calyciflora (Hydra), 4 7
Campanella, 33

(Med.), 35

campanula (Med.), 32
Campanularia, 66, 96
Campanulariadae, 83,
144

campanulata (Lucer.),
50

(Tubul.), 100

campanulatum (Mel.),
34

campanulifera(Diph.),

39

cancellata (Conf.), 95
Canda, 113
capillata (Med.), 31
capitata (Flustr.), 106
Capnea, 41
Capsularia, 61, 85
Caput-Medusae (Ast.),
27

Carbasea, 105, 146

(Flustra), 105

carciniopados (Act.),
48

Cardua, 94
Carnosa, 91, 144

(Flustra), 108

cartilaginea (Ast.), 22
Cary ophy Ilia, 52
Caryophylliaea, 52
Caryophyllus, 137

(Act.), 48

Cassiopea, 30, 155
cassiterides (Hipp.),
116

catenata (Lepr.), 117

(Sarcor.), 55

Catenicella, 115
catenularia(Tub.), 116
catenulata (Tub.), 116
Catharina (Plum.), 81
caudatus (Priap.), 14
Cellaria, 75, 135
Cellepora, 129
Celleporella, 128, 149
Celleporidse, 115, 147
Celleporina, 128, 147,
148

Cellularia, 135
cellulosa (Mill.), 131
centrifuga (Crist.), 99
Centro niae, 1, 2
Cephese, 29
Ceratocorallia, 55
Ceratophyta, 55
Cereus, 44

(Actin.), 44

Ceriopora, 140
cervicornis (Mill.), 127
ceivinus (Porus), 105,
127

chalumeau (Tub.), 64
Chamissonis (Cor.), 62
Chartella, 104, 145
chelata (Sert.), 132
Chiococca (Act.), 43
Chirodota, 12
Chondrogradae, 40
Chondrophora, 50
chrysanthellum(Act.),
44

INDEX.

165

Chrysaora, 30, 155
chry sosplenium (Act.) ,
43

Cidaridae, 2
Cidaris, 2

(Echin.), 2

Cidarites, 2
ciliaris (Ast.), 18
ciliata (Ast.), 23

(Cell.), 121

(Lepr.), 122

(Oph.), 24

(Sert.), 112

Ciliobrachiata, 91
Ciliobranches, 37
Ciliograda, 37
cinerea (Urt.)s 44
Circe, 34
Cirrbigrades, 40
Cirrhi-Vermigrada, 7
Cirrhodermes, 1
Cirrigrada, 16
Cirri- Spinigrada, 2
clathrata (Ast.), 16

(Frond.), 130

Clava, 60
clavatus (S.), 13
clavigerum (Echino.),
61

Clypeastres, 4
Clytea, 85

Coat-of-mail Cor., 134
coccinea (Act.), 43

(Cell.), 124

(Cyan.), 33

(Lepr.), 124

comata (Cym.), 89
Comatula, 28
Comatule, 28
commune (Thyron.),
11

communis (Hoi.), 10

(Cucum.), 11

compressa (Mill.), 127
Conchella, 88, 144
conoidea (Lob.), 54
Conopeum, 108, 146
convexa (Thau.), 155
Convolvulus (Lucern. ) ,
50

Copingia, 144

Corallia, 55
Coralliadae, 55
corallifera (Hydra), 10
Corallina, 55

(Act.), 42

Coralliphora, 50
coralloides(Mus.), 134
cordatus (Ech.), 6
cordifera (Ast.), 24
Cordylopliora, 62
coriacea (Act.), 46

(Flustra), 115

coriaceus (Sol.), 17
Corina, 60
Cornea, 94, 145
cornuta (Lafea), 88

■ (Sert.), 137

coronata (Hydra), 94
Coronopora, 140, 149
Corymorpha, 65
Corynactis, 42
Corynaidse, 59
corynaria (Hydra), 61
Coryne, 59, 61

(Tub.), 61

Corynidae, 59
Cotton-spinner, 8
Couchii (Zoanth.), 50
crassicornis (Act.), 43,
46

cribaria (Esch.), 127
Cribella, 20
Cribrilina, 116, 147
Cribrina, 45
Crinoidea, 27
Crinomorpha, 94
Crisia, 106, 111, 135
Crisiadce, 132,135, 149
Crisidia, 136
crista (Aglaura), 40
cristata (Flu.), 79, 101
Cristatella, 99
Cristatellidae, 99, 145
Crisularia, 111, 147
Crossaster, 19
cruciata (Med.), 31
Cryptocarpse, 32
crystallina (Tub.), 100
Ctenophora, 37
Cucumaria, 9, 11
cucumis (Ber.), 37

cupressina (Sert.), 74
cupressoides(Sert.),75
Cuscuta (Sert.), 96
Cuscutaria, 96
Cuvieri (Ast.), 27

(Rhiz.), 29

Cuvieria, 8
Cuvieriadae, 8
Cyanea, 30, 31, 155
cyanella (Dian.), 30
cyanostylis (Poly.),
155

cyathiformis (Lucer.),
50

Cyathina, 52
eyathus (Car.), 52
cyclonota (Chrys.), 31
Cycloum, 93
Cyclozoa, 1

echinoderma, 1

Cydippe, 38, 155
Cydonium, 53

(Alcyon.), 54

cylindrica (Act.), 44

(Lepr.), 128

cymbaloidea (Med.),
35

Cymodoce, 88
Cypress (Sea), 74
Cystisoma, 39
Cytalis, 36
Dactylota, 9, 11, 12
Dagysa, 39
Dead-man’s-hand, 54
Dead-man?s-toes, 54
Dealensis (Fucus), 64
Decameros, 28

(Ast.), 28

deflexa (Tub.), 141
Dendrophyllia, 52
densa (Bowerb.), 98
Dentalii (Sip.), 13
dentata (Flustra), 107
dentelee (Crisie), 136
denticulata(Cell.), 136

(Dian.), 30

(Sert.), 68

diadema (Ocean.), 33
Diansea, 30
Dianthus (Act.), 47
diaphana (Ulva), 92

1 66

INDEX.

diaphanus (Halo.), 92
Diastopora, 142
dichotoma (Alec.), 142

(Sert.), 83, 85

dicquemarii (Hoi.), 10
digitale (Med.), 33
digitata (Act.), 46

(Hoi.), 12

digitatum(Alc.), 53,54
dilatans (Alecto), 142
dilatata (Fred.), 102
dinema (Saph.), 33
Diphyes, 39
Dipliydiae, 39
Diphyides, 39
disciflora (Hydra), 42,
45

Discophorae, 29
Discopora, 107, 126,
148

Disporella, 138
dissimilis (Hoi.), 11
distans (Flustra), 108
Ditremata, 1
divaricata (Hip.), 116
Dodder-like Cor., 96
dodedactis (Stella), 19
Drobachensis (Ech.),4
Drummondi (Hoi.), 11
Dumortierii (Tub.), 64
dumosa (Sert.), 88
Dutertrei (Flust.), 123
Duvernaea (Syn.), 12
Dynamena, 69, 73
Dysmorphosa, 60
eburnea (Sert.), 135,
136

Echinarachnius, 4, 5
Echinaster, 20
echinata (Hydr.), 61

(Oph.), 26

(Ped.), 94

(Stella), 26

echinatum (Alcy.), 61
echinatus (Sol.), 17
Echini, 2
Echinida, 2
Echinidae, 2
Echinides, 1, 2
Echinocardium, 6
Echinochorium, 60

Echinocyamus, 5
Eehinodermata, 6
Echinodermes, 1
Echinodiscus, 4
Echinoida, 2
Echinometra, 4
Echinoneus, 5
echinophora(Ast.), 17
Echinospatangus, 5
echinulata (Plum.), 81
Echinus, 1, 2, 3
— — a, 3

ft 4

Echiurus, 15

(Lumbr.), 15

edulis (Anem.), 45
effoeta (Act.), 46, 48
Eirene, 32
elegans (Oph.), 24
Elliotae (Hipp.), 116
Ellisia, 65

Ellisii (Flustra), 106

(Halec.), 66

(Sert.), 68

elongata (Sert.), 75

(Diph.), 156

emarginata(Plu.), 101
Endeca, 19

(Ast.), 19

Entacmaea, 43
Ephydatia, 100
Ephyra, 29
Epipetrum, 91
episcopalis, ocean, 155
Epistomia, 82
equestris (Ast.), 21, 22
equina (Act.), 42, 46
equinus (Priap.), 42
ericoides (Sert.), 68
Eschara, 126
Escharella, 125, 148
Escharidae, 103
Escharina, 117, 123,
148

Escharoide, 117
Eschscholtzia, 38
esculentus (Ech.),3, 4
Eucharis, 38
Eucratea, 332, 136
Eucratiadae, 132
Eudendrium, 63 I

Eulimena, 37
Eunicea, 55
europaea (Alecto), 28

(Hipp.), 21

(Lor.), 134

europaeus (Pent.), 28
Euphysa, 156
Euryale, 27
Evansii (Sert.), 71
exigua (Ast.), 23
exos (Alcyon.), 54
extrochus (Isis), 57
Falcaria, 133, 135, 136
falcata (Cell.), 137

(Sert.), 78

fallax (Flustra), 108

(Sert.), 71

Farcimia, 131
farciminoides (Sal.),
131

Farrella, 99
fascialis (Esch.), 126
fascicularis (Lucer.),
49

fascis (Plum.), 81
fastigiata (Sert.), Ill
Fedel, 100, 101
felina (Act.), 46
fenestralis (Lepr.) ,120
Fern Coralline, 72
Fibularia, 5
Ficus (Alcyon.), 93
figularis (Lepr.), 119
filicula (Sert.), 72
filifera (Cell.), 113
filiformis (Ast.), 24

(Oph.), 25

fimbria (Tub.), 140
fimbriata (Com.), 28
Fir (Sea), 72
fissa (Ast.), 27
Fistulana, 60
Fistularia, 8, 12, 63
Fistulida, 7
Fistulidae, 7
Fistulides, 7
fistulosa (Esch.), 131

(Tub.), 132

Flabellaria, 106, 146
flabellaris (Tub.), 139
flabellata (Avic.), 106

INDEX.

167

flabelliforme (Ker.), 55
flabelliformis(Tub.),65
flava (Ber.), 125
flaveola (Steen.), 156
flavescens (Ale.), 92

(Spat.), 6

Flemingii (Camp.), 85

(Ech.), 3

(Oph.), 25

flexuosa (Sert.), 68
flos-maris (Ellisia), 65
Elustra, 103, 145
Flustradse, 103, 145
Flustrella, 108, 146
flustroides (Cris.), 106
fluviatile (Ale.), 100
foliacea (Flustra), 103
foliacea (Mill.), 126
foraminosa(MilL), 131
foraminulata (Tub.),
141

Forbesia, 94
Forbesii (Syr.), 14
formosa (Mood.), 156
fosforea (Pennat.), 58
Foveolia, 34
fragilis (Ast.), 26
fragilissima(Luid.), 18
Fredericella, 102
FreshwaterPolypus,89
Frondipora, 130
frondosa (Hoi.), 9
frutescens (Sert.), 82
fruticans (Penn.), 82
fruticosa (Plum.), 101
fucicola (Hoi.), 60
Fucus, 91
fulgens (Ber.), 37
Fungia (Tub.), 139
Fungina, 50
Funiculina, 58
fusca (Hydra), 90

(Med.), 31

(Sert.), 75

fuscescens (Sert.), 75
fusiformis (Hoi.), 10
fusus (Hoi.), 12, 150
fusus (Mulleria), 8
Gaertneri (HoL), 10
Gayi (Sert.), 68
gelatinosa(Plum.) ,102

gelatinosa (Sert.), 85
gelatinosum (Ale.), 91,
92

Gemellaria, 133
Gemicellaria, 82, 133
gemmacea (Act.), 45
gemmifera (Sars.),156
geniculata (Crisia),
136

(Laom.),89

— — (Sert.), 84
Geryonia, 33, 35
gettiana (Apol.), 156
gibbosa (Ast.), 22, 23
— — (Thau.), 155
Gibbsii (Eph.), 100
gigantea (Tub.), 64
glacialis (Ast.), 16, 17
glandulosa (Act.), 45

(Cor.), 62

globiformis (Ech.), 3
globosa (Thau.), 155
glomerata (Valk.), 98
glomeratum (Ale.), 54
Goat’s-horn Cor., 137
Goldfussii (Amph.), 6
Goniaster, 21
Goodsiri (Oph.), 25
Gorgonia, 55

(Sert.), 82

Gorgoniadse, 55
Gorgonina, 55
Gorgonocephalus, 27
gracilis (Alecto), 142

(Tub.), 65

(Sert.), 150

grandiflora (Lob.), 54
grandis (Hoi.), 9
granifera (Lepr.), 118
granulata (Alect.),142
— — (Oph.), 26
granulosa (Syr.), 14
Grape Coralline, 97
grisea (Hydra), 90
Gymnosomata, 41
Gynameda, 28
Halcyonellea, 91
Halcyonina, 53
Halecina, 66

(Sert.), 66

Halecium, 66, 83

Halodactylus, 91
Halophila, 147
halterata (Slabb.), 35
Harveii (Syr.), 13
Hassalli (Coryne), 61
Hassallii (Lepr.), 128

(Salpingia), 149

hastata (Ast.), 27
helianthoides (Ast.),
20

Hemicnemis, 18
hemisphserica (Act.),
42

(Med.), 34

Henricia, 20
Henslowana(Jem.),12
Herentia, 122, 148
Hermia, 61
Herring-bone, 66
heteroclita (Leu.), 101
hibernica (Bol.), 39

(Flush), 108, 120

(Sert.), 68

(Stella), 17

(Stellula), 23

hibernicus (Priap.), 14
Hippasteria, 21
Hippocrene, 36
hippocrepia, 99
Hippothoa, 115, 147
Hippothoina, 115, 147
hippuris (Isis), 57,131
hirsuta (Stella), 27
hirsutum (Ale.), 92
hirta (Flustra), 109
hispida (Ast.), 17

(Disc.), 138

(Flustra), 108

Holothuria, 1, 8, 39
Holothurida, 7
Holothuridse, 7
holsatica (Act.), 46

(Ast.), 17

Hookeri (Cell.), 113
Hornwrack, 103
Horse-tail Cor., 87
hyalina (Beren.), 142

(Cell.), 128

(Cucum.), 11

(Tub.), 139

Hydra, 89

168

INDEX.

Hydractinia, 60
Hydraidae, 89
Hydrina, 89
Hvdroidae, 89
Hydrozoa, 59
Hyndmanni(Hol.), 10
— (Lepr.), 122
Hypostoma, 15
hysoscella (Med.), 31
Hystrix (Cid.), 2
Idmonea, 1-10, 141
Idya, 37
lluanthos, 49
imbricata (Sert.), 98
immersa (Lepr.), 125
inconspicua (Thau.),
155

indentata (Flust.), 110
indivisa (Ant.), 77

(Tub.), 64

infundibulum (Beroe),
38

inhaerens (Hoi.), 12
innominata (Lepr.),
121

insignis (Lepr.), 123
integra (Camp.), 86
interstincta (Madre.),
51

intertexta (Camp.), 88
intestinalis (Act.), 44
Iris*(Act.), 42
irregularis (Astro.), 18

(Ast.), 22

Isacmaea, 43
Isidea, 55
Italian Coral, 127
ivoire (Cris.), 136
Ivory Coralline, 135
Jacotini (Cell.), 117
Johnstoni (Ast.), 18

(A.), 21

(Lepr.), 126

(Sip.), 14

judaica (Act.), 47
Kapnea, 41
Knotted-thread Cor.,
84

Korkschwamm, 53
lacerata (Camp.), 87
lacertosa (Ast.), 23

lactea (Hoi.), 10

(Hydr.), 61

lacunosus (Spat.), 6
lacustris (Cord.), 62,
150

laevigatus (Beroe), 38
laevis (Camp.), 86 ?, 87

(Cell.), 130

Lafea, 85
Lagena, 4

(Cydippe), 155

Lagenella, 99
Laguncula, 99
Lamarckii (Cyan.), 31
lamellosa (Cell,), 126
lanceolata (Hip.), 116
Landsborovii (Lepr.),
119

Laomedea, 66, 83
Larynx (Tub.), 64
Latreillii (Flustr.), 115
Leioderma, 29
lendigera (Sert.), 95
lendinosa (Sert.), 95
lepadifera (Gorg.),57
Lepralia, 117, 148
Lepraliana, 116, 148
Lesueur (Chrys.), 31
Leucophra, 101
Libera, 57

Lichenastrum (Sert.),
76

lichenoides (Madrep.),
53

ligulata (Cellep.), 127
liliacea (Mill.), 140
Lily-flowering C., 69
limbosa (Vel.), 40
Limniades, 99
Linckia, 20
Linckii (Astroph.), 27
linearis (Lepr.), 123
lineata (Flustra), 107,
109, (Thau.), 155
lineolata (Aur.), 31
Listeri (Cor.), 62
Lithodendron, 52
lithophagus (Ech.), 4
Lithophyte, 55
littoralis (Hydra), 61
lividus (Ech.), 4

Lizzia, 36
lobata (Mag.), 54
Lobistella, 16
Lobster’s-horn, 77
Lobularia, 53
Lobulariadae, 53
lobulata (Tub.), 141
Lonchitis (Sert.), 76
Long-armedPolype,90
longissima (Sert.), 83
Loricaria, 133
loricata (Sert.), 132,
134

Loricula, 133
loriculata (Sert.), 134
Lucernaria, 49
Lucernariadae, 49
lucida (Thau.), 155
Luidi (Stella), 16
Luidia, 18
Lumbricus, 15
lunulata (Med.), 30
Lusia, 94

lutea (Hydra), 61, 94
lutosa (Eschara), 110
luxata (Cris.), 136
lyrifer ( Brissus) , 7,150
macrogena(Chrys.),31
macrorhynchopterus
(Verm.), 13
Macry (Cellep.), 123
maculata (Act.), 48

(Thau.), 155

Madrephylliaea, 51
Madreporea, 50
Madreporidae, 51
Madreporina, 50
Magina, 53
Main de mer, 54
major (Alecto), 142
margareta (Sert.), 71
margarita (Sert.), 71
margaritifera(Act.) ,43
marinus (Ech.), 3

(Muse.), 70

Mazina, 93
mediterranea (Com.),
28

Medusa, 31
Medusae, 29
Medusidae, 30

INDEX.

169

melanops (Thau.), 155
Melicertum, 34
melo (Ech.), 3
membranacea (Flust.),
104, 110

(Membr.), 108

membranaceus (Ast.),
22, 23

Membranipora, 104,
107

Mertensia, 38
mesembryanthemum
(Act.), 42
Metridium, 48
Micropora, 115, 147
Microporidae,115, 147
Microstoma, 148
mibaris (Cid.), 3

(Ech.), 3

millepora (Escb.), 107
Milleporinai, 50
Milleri (Thaum.), 34
Millesiana (Turb.),51,
151

minima (Med.), 35
minuta(Ast.), 17,23,27
minuticornis (Hydra),
61

minutus (Ech.), 5
mirabilis (Beariia), 96

(Crist.), 100

(Penn.), 58

mixta (Turb.), 51
Mnemia, 155
molle (Ale.), 54
mollis (Sert.), 133
Moll use um, 60
monile (Act.), 46
moniliformis (Oph.),
24

Monopyxis, 83
Montagui (Hob), 1 1
Montferrandi (Flust.),
118

Moodeeria, 36
Mucedo (Crist.), 99
Mucrostoma, 122
Mulleri (Astrop.),18

(Cyd.), 54

Mulleria, 7, 12
multicornis^Hydra),60

multifora (Ast.), 20
muricata (Sert.), 67
Muricea, 56
Murrayana (Flustra),
106

muscoides (Tub.), 62,
65

musicalis (Madr.),52
mutatoria (Thai.), 15
rnutica (Vel.), 41
myriophyllum (Sert.),
81

Naisa, 100, 102
neglecta (Oph.), 24

(Turris), 33

neglectus (Ech.), 4
Neillii (Hoi.), 11
Nemertesia, 76
Neptuni (Thai.), 15
Neritina (Sert.), 114
Nigellastrum, 74

(Sert.), 70

Nigger, 8

nigra (Ast.), 26, 27

(Holoth.), 8

(Sert.), 75

nigritella (Boug.), 156
Nilsonii (Oph.), 26
Nit Coralline, 95
nitida (Cell.), 120
noctiluca (Pel.), 30
Notamia, 82, 133
Nudibrachiata, 59
nudus (Sip.), 13, 14
Nullipora, 126
nutans (Corym.), 65
obconicus (Siph.), 88
Obelia, 140

(Tub.), 142

obliqua (Laom.), 85
Oceania, 33
Oceanidm, 32
Ocellina, 51
Ocellinidae, 51
Ochnus, 9

octocostata (A5q.),34
octona (Ger.), 33,
(Thau.), 155
octopunctata (Lizzia),
36

octopus (Med.), 30

octoradiata (Lucern.),
49

octocostatum (Stom.),
155

oculata (Ast.), 20
oculatus (Pentad.), 20
Oculina, 51
Oligactis (Hydra), 90
operculata (Sert.), 73
Ophiocoma, 23, 25
Ophiolepis, 23
Ophiopholis, 25
Opbiothrix, 26
Ophiura, 23

(Ast.), 23,25

Ophiurse, 23
Ophiurida, 23
Ophiuridae, 23
©rbiculus (Tub.), 139
organisans (Tub.), 141
organum (Madr.), 52
ornata (Sars.), 156
Ortie de mer, 42
Orythia, 35
Oursins, 2
ovalis (Lepr.), 118
ovata (Beroe), 38
ovatum(Echin.),6,150
ovatus (Beroe), 38
ovifera (Camp.), 97
ovoidea (Cell.), 120

(Cellep.), 128

Ovulum marinum, 5
ovulum (Fib.), 5
oxyurus (Lumbr.), 15
Pallasii (Phase.), 14
pallens (Hydra), 90
palliata (Med.), 48
Palmasteries, 21
palmata (Cell.), 130

(Disc.), 139

Palmipes, 21

(Ast.), 22

palmo (Med.), 30
Paludicella, 102
Paludicellaidae, 102,
145

paludosa (Crist.), 101
Panache (Pol. a), 100
papillata (Cid.), 2
papillosa (Hoi.), 8
H

170

INDEX.

papillosum (Cycl.), 93
papillosus (Sip.), 13
papposa (Aster.), 19
papyracea (Flustra),
104, 105

papyrea (Esch.), 105
Parasite Actinia, 48
parasites (Svnh.), 61
parasitica (Act.), 46

(Clava), 60

parasiticum (Ale.), 92
pataa;onica (C^ris.), 136

(Sert.), 69

Patella, 37
patina (Tubul.), 137
Patinella, 137
Pavonaria, 58
Peachii (Flustra), 108,
110

(Lepr.), 119

(Membr.), 120

pectinata(Ast.), 18, 28

(Lepr.), 121

(Sert.), 75

Pedicellina, 94
Pedicellinae, 93
Pedicellinidae, 93, 145
pedilostoma (Lepral.),
108, 117, 120
pedunculata (Act.), 47
Pelagia, 30, 155

(Med ), 30

pellucida (Hoi.), 11

(Be roe), 154

penicillata (Tub.), 139
Penicilletta, 139
penicillus (Hoi.), 8
Pennse marina?, 58
Pennaria, 78, 94
pennata (Cor.), 68
Pennatula, 57

(Sert.), 79

Pennatularia, 57
Pennatulidae, 57
Pennatulina, 57
Pentaceros, 21
Pentacerotidae, 21
Pentacrinitidae, 28
Pentacrinus, 28
Pentacta, 9, 11, 12
(Hoi.), 9

Pentactes(Hol.),10,ll
rentactidae, 9
Pentadactylosaster,
17, 20

pentagona (Ast.), 26
pentapetala (Act.), 47
pentaphylla (Ast.), 26
Pentasterie, 16
perexiguus (Ech.),5
perforata (Ast.), 20
Peripyxis, 96
perlacea (Cell.), 119
personata (Cell.), 128
pertusa (Ast.), 20

(Cell.), 119

petaloideus (Tetr.), 16
Phalangea (Tub.), 139
Phalangella, 139, 149
Phanerocarpae, 29
Pbantopus, 8

(Hoi.), 9, 150

Pharetria, 100
Phascolosoma, 14
Pheasant’s-tail, 81
Pberusa, 141
phosphorea(Penn.),58
phosphorica (Ocean.),
33

phrygianum (Ast.), 21
Phyllodoce, 40
Phyllophorus, 7
Physalia, 39
Physogradae, 39
Physogrades, 39
Physophora, 39
Physopboridae, 39
Physophorides, 39
Phytocorallia, 50
Phytocrinus, 28
Phytodozoa, 1
Phytozoa, 1
piccina (Sert.), 70
picta (Act.), 48
pileata (Thaum.), 35,
155

pileus (Beroe), 38
pilosa (Flustra), 107
pilosella (Thau ), 155
Pinaster (Sert.), 71
pinnata (Gorg.), 56
(Plum.), 80

pinnata (Sert.), 71, 75 i
Pinnigrada, 27
Pinnigradastella, 27
Piper, 2

placenta (Ast.), 22

(Ecliin.), 5

Placomus (Gorg.), 56
plana (Hippast.), 21
planus (Pent.), 21
Platasteries, 21
Pleurobranchaea, 38
Pleurobranchia, 38
pleurophora (Chrys.), ;
31

plicatus (Pent.), 23
pluma (Sert.), 79
Plumatella, 100, 101
Plumatellidae, 99
plumosa (Act.), 47

(Cell.), Ill

Plumularia, 78
Pocillopora, 51
Pocilloporidae, 50
pocillum (Med.), 40
Podded Coralline, 79
Podocoryna, 60
Polipiers, 53
polizonia (Sert.), 68
Polyactinia, 50
Poly aster, 19
polyceps (Tub.), 65
polyoum (Sarc.), 93
Polypes, 1, 41
Polypi, 41
Polypiaria, 59, 91
Polypody, 76
Polyxenia, 155
Polyzoa, 91, 144
polyzonias (Sert.), 68
Pomegranate - flower-
ing C., 69

pomiformis (Cyd.), 39
Porania, 22
Porella, 127, 148
Portlockii(Thyon.), 1 2
Porus, 105
Priapules, 14
Priapulus, 14
Priapus, 42

(Hoi.), 14

Primnoa, 57

INDEX.

171

proboscidea (Pust.),
143

prolifera (Madr.), 51,
(Sars.), 156
prominens (Ber.), 142
Psolinus, 9
Psolus, 8
Pterogorgia, 56
pulchella (Ast.), 23

(Dyn.), 73

(Gyn.), 29

pulmo (Alcyon.), 54
Pulmograda, 29
Pulmonellum, 93, 151
pulmoniforme (Maz.),
93

pulvillus (Ast.), 22
pumicosa(Tubip.),129
pumila (Sert.), 70
punctata (Lepr.), 117

(Oph.), 24

(Thaum.),35,155

punctulata (Cyan.), 31
purpurata (Med.), 31
purpurea (Med.), 31
purpureus (Spat.), 6
pusilla (Cor.), 61

(Sync.), 62

pusillus (Spat.), 5, 6
pustulata (Lepr.), 121
Pustulipora, 140, 143
pustulosa (Sert.), 98
pygmaea (Car.), 52
quadrangularis (Eul.),
37

(Penn.), 59, 150

quadrata (Thau.), 155
quadricornis (Lucer.),
49

quadridentata (Lepr.),
118

Radiaires, 1
Radiaires echino-
dermes, 1
Radiata, 1
Radicata, 53
radiolata (Aur.), 31
ramea (Madrep.), 52

(Tub.), 67

rameum (Halec.), 67
ramosa (Ant.), 77

ramosa (Hydra), 62

(Tub.), 63, 67

ramulosa (Cell.), 129,
140

Rapbanus (Thyone),8,
150

Rataria, 40, 156
Remarkable Cor., 114
repens (Lag.), 99

(Sert.), 87

(Tub.), 101

reptans (Sert.), 112

(Tub.), 101

Reseda (Gorg.), 57
Retepora, 130

(Mill.), 130

Reteporina, 130
reticulata (Lepr.), 120,
126

(Mill.), 130

reticulatus (Sip.), 13
reticulum (Millepora),
108

retiformis(Esch.), 126
Rhizostoma, 29, 155

(Cephea), 30

Rhizostomidae, 29
Roehrel, 100, 101
rosacea (Ast.), 22

(Com.), 28

(Sert.), 69

rosea (Ast.), 20

(Aur.), 31

(Circe), 34

roseus (Amph.), 6
Rosula (Oph.), 26
rubens(Ast.),16,17,18
rubescens (Circe), 155
rubra (Penna), 58

(Steen.), 156

rubrum (Alcyon.), 54
rufa (Act.), 42
rugosa (Corn.), 88

(Sert.), 69

rupium (Thai.), 15
rustica (Ascid.), 9
saccatus (Sip.), 14
Salicornaria, 131
Salicornarina, 131
Salicornia (Cell.), 131
Salpingia, 149

sanguinea (Capn.), 41
sanguineum (Ale.), 54
sanguinolenta (Ast.),
20

sanguinolentus (Ech.),
20 '
Saphenia, 33
sapinette (Sert.), 72
Sarcinula, 53
Sarcochitum, 93
Sarcodictyon, 55
Sarcorete, 55
sarnica (Thaum.), 35,
155

Sarsia, 36, 156
Sarsii (Echin.), 20

(Luidia), 19

Savartii (Flustr.), 108
Saveresi (Ast.), 17
Savignii (Ast.), 18
Savignyi (Thoa), 67
saxatilis (Ech.), 3, 4
Scaphidia (Vel.), 41
Scirpearia, 58
scolopendrica (Oph.),
25

scolopendroides (Bei-
lis), 25

(Ros.), 26

(Stella), 26

scotica (Hoi.), 11
scoticus (II.), 49
scruposa (Cor.), 66

(Sert.), Ill

Scuparia, 111, 132
Scupariadae, 132
Scupocellaria, 111
Scutasteries, 21
scutatum ( Astroph. ) 2 7
Scutella, 4, 5
Scutellidae, 4
Sea-beard, 77
Sea-bristles, 80
Sea-fan, 55
Sea-hair, 73
Sea-nettle, 43
Sea-oak Coralline, 70
Sea-thread, 83
Sea-weed, 103
Sea- willow, 56
securifrons(Esch.),104
H 2

172

INDEX.

Selbia, 147
semilunaris (Lem%.),

121

senilis (Act.), 46
seposita (Ast.), 20
Serialaria, 94, 98
sericea (Sert.), 95
serpens (Tubip.), 140,

151

Sertolara, 70
Sertularella, 68
Sertularia, 69
Sertulariadae, 66
Sertularina, 66
sessilis (Act.), 45

(Car.), 52

setacea (Cor.), 80

(Cris.j, 137

(Flustra), 106

seticornis (Scrt.), 77
Sheep’s-tailed Cor., 73
Shepberd’s-purse, 82
sica (Hipp.), 116
Sickle Coralline, 78
siliquata (Cor.), 68
Silk Coralline, 95
simplex (Cym.), 88

(Lepr.), 118

(Med.), 30

sinuosa (Sal.), 132
Siphorus, 63
Siphytus, 88
Sipunculidce, 13
Sipunculus, 13
Skenei (Mill.), 130
Slabberia, 35, 156
Slelenota, 8
Smithii (Car.), 52, 150

(Muemia), 155

Snail trefoil Cor., 69
Snake Coralline, 133
Solaster, 19
Solasteries, 19
Spatangi, 5
Spatangidaj, 5, 6
Spatangus, 5

(Ech.), 6

spathulosa (Fare.), 132
spatulata (Ang.), 133
spelhelmigona(Chry.),

31

sphrera (Ecli.), 3
spine rica (Oc.), 155
spluerulata (Oph.), 26
spilogona (Chrys.), 31
spinifera (Flustra), 109

(Lepr.), 122

spinosa (A.), 17

(Sert.), 95

spinulosa (Oph.), 27
spiralis (Sert.), 106
spirans (IIol.), 40
Spleenwort (Sea), 76
spongiosa(Flust.), 108
Spongites, 129
squamata (Ast.), 24

(Ilydra), 60

(Oph.), 25

Squirrel’s-tail, 74
stagnorum (Ale.), 100

(Crist.), 99

stauroglypha(yEq.), 34
Steenstrupia, 37
Stellaria, 18
Stellata, 16

(Ast.), 20

(Membr.), 107

(Will.), 32

Stellerida, 16
Stelleridea, 16
Stellerides, 15
Stellonia, 16, 19
Stipula, 61
Stomobrachium, 155
Strombi (Sip.), 13
subangularis (Ech.), 4
sulcata (Act.), 45, 48
sultana (Tub.), 102
Suriray (Aur.), 31
Surirea (Med.), 31
Synapta, 12
Synaptidae, 12
Syncoryna, 61
Synhvdra, 60
Syringa(Sert.),86,151
Syrinx, 13

taenialis (Millep.), 127
Tamarisca (Sert.), 72
Tamarisk (Sea), 72
tarentinum (Fib.), 5
telacea (Flustr.), 104
Templetonii (Act.), 47

Templetonii(Gon.),22 i
tenuicinctus (Syr.), 14
tenuis (Lepr.),. 117
Terebripora, 115
ternata (Cell.), 113
tessellatus (Syr.), 13
Tetractis, 16
tetragona (Funic.), 59
texturata (Oph.), 23
Thalassema, 15

(Lumbr.), 15

Thalia, 39
Thaumantias, 34
Thoa, 66

Thompsonii(Thaum.), !
35

Thuiaria, 75
thuja (Sert.), 76
Thyone, 7, 11
Thyronidium, 11
Tiara, 33
Tibiana, 135
Tiedemannia, 12
Tirn a, 36

Tooth Coralline, 68
trahens (Tub.), 142
transversa (Tub.), 140 |

Tricellaria, 113
trichoides (Tub.), 63
tricolor (Ast.), 26
tridentata(Lepr.), 124
Tripylus, 7

trispinosa (Lepr.), 122
Troglodytes (Act.), 43, f
46

truncata (Act.), 48

(Flustra), 105

(Madrep.), 53

(Mill;), 140

tuberculata (Flustra), ,
110

(Med.), 31

tubifera (Tub.), 88

(Obel.), 142

tubiformis (Dyn.), 71
Tubipora, 101
Tubiporidae, 137
Tubularia, 63
Tubulariadae, 63
Tubularidae, 59
Tubularina, 59

INDEX.

173

tubulifera (Obel.), 140
Tubulipora, 137, 142
Tubuliporidse, 134,137,
149

Tubuliporina, 134, 149
tubulosa (Mill.), 140

(Sars.), 156

Tudori (Sert.), 71
Tuedise (Act.), 45
turbinata (Fung.), 52
Turbinolia, 51
Turris, 32, 155
turrita (Ocea.), 155
Ulva, 91

undulata (Med.), 29
Unicellaria, 132
unicornis (Lepr.), 124

(Flustra), 116

uniflora (Sert.), 86
Uraster, 16
Urtica, 39

usneoides (Sert.), 73
utriculata (Ber.), 121
Uva (Sert.), 97
vagans (Crist.), 100
Valkeria, 95, 96, 97
varia (Ast.), 26
variolosa (Lepr.), 125

Velella, 40

(Med.), 40

Velellidse, 40
ventricosa(Lepr.), 118
Vermes zoopbyta, 1
vermicularis (Act.), 44
Vermigrada, 13
Vermistella, 13
verrucaria (Madrep.),
129, 137

(Tub.), 137

verrucosa (Act.), 45

(Cell.), 129

(Gorg.), 55

(Hydra), 90

(Lepr.), 126

verruculatus (Ast.), 23
verticillata(Plum.), 77

(Sert.), 87, 98

Vesicular ella, 97
Vesicularia, 95, 96
Vesiculariadse, 94, 145
Vesicularina, 94
viduata (Act.), 43
viminalis (Gorg.), 56
vinca (Lepr.), 117
violacea (Ast.), 17
! (Lepr.), 125

THE END.

Virgularia, 58
viridis (Cor.), 42

(Hydra), 89

viridissima (Hydr.), 89
vitrina (Cell.), 130
volubilis (Sert.), 86
Volvox, 38

vulgaris (Eschar.), 123

(Hydra), 90

— - (Oph.), 26

(Thai.), 15

(VeL), 40

Willsia, 32, 155
Willsiadse, 32
Windpipe Coralline, 65
Worm (Naked tube),
13

Zoantha, 41, 50
Zoantharia, 41
Zoanthes, 42
Zoanthidae, 50
Zoanthina, 50
Zoanthus, 50
Zoocorallia, 41, 53
Zoophyta, 41
Zoophytaria, 53
Zoophytes, 1

PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR,
RBD LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

OF THE SPECIMENS OF

BRITISH SPONGES

THE COLLECTION

OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

INTRODUCTION.

The principal object of the present List has been to give a complete
Catalogue of the British specimens of Sponges contained in the Col-
lection of the British Museum, indicating at the same time the pecu-
liarities of each as regards age, habitation, condition, and the source
from whence it has been received.

With this view, the different individuals of each species contained in
the Collection are indicated by the letters a, b, c , &c., following the
name of the species and its synonyma, and followed by the habitat ,
state, and the source from whence the specimens were derived.

Those specimens which have been presented to the Museum have
the name of the donor ; and in general the collection from whence the
specimen has been purchased or procured in exchange is also marked,
as it often gives some authenticity to its history.

In the adoption of the generic and specific names it has been thought
right to use, wherever it was possible, that which was first applied to
the species. As far as regards the specific name, there is comparatively
little difficulty in the application of this simple rule ; but generic names
have been used by different authors in senses so widely different, and
the groups which they were meant to designate have been so variously
extended and restricted, that it was no easy matter to determine, where
several names have been used, which of them ought to be preferred.
Great attention has been paid to consult the original authority, to know
the type, and select the name which appeared to be the most ancient ;
and reference is made to the work in which, and the date when, each
genus and its synonyma were respectively published.

Under each species there have been appended all the names under

IV

INTRODUCTION.

which the animal or coral has been mentioned since the establishment
of the Linnncan system of nomenclature, and reference is given to the
work in which these were first used, and especially to the different
works treating on British animals in which it is mentioned, and also a
reference to the best figures. The chief part of these references have
been extracted from the admirable and classical work on the Sponges
by Dr. George Johnston, additional references having been made to
older exotic works which have escaped his researches, or to others
which have appeared since his publication.

The British Museum is fortunate in having received the chief portion
of the specimens from the several authors who originally described the
species, so that there can be no doubt of the specimens being the real
representatives of the names they bear ; for besides possessing some of
the original specimens collected and described by Colonel George Mon-
tague and Dr. W. E. Leach, Dr. George Johnston of Berwick has most
kindly presented to the Museum the whole of his Collection, which he
used in the preparation of his classical work on this subject.

As the attention to the laws of priority, now so universally adhered
to, has caused the alteration of a few of the names used in Dr. John-
ston's work, a Concordance showing the changes has been added.

JOHN EDWARD GRAY.

June 12th, 1848.

LIST OF SPECIES.

V. AMORPHOZOA.
Order I. SILICEA.
Fam. 1. Tethyad^e.

1. Tethya page 1

1. Cranium 1

2. aurantium 2

2. Geodia 2

1. Cydonium 2

3. Pachymatisma 3

1. Johnstonia 3

4. Halichondria 3

1. palmata 4

2. oculata 4

3. cervicornis 5

4. hispida 6

?5. ramosa 6

6. tubulosa 6

7. Columbae 6

8. plumosa 6

9. fruticosa 7

10. infundibuliformis .... 7

11. ventilabrum 7

12. simulans 8

13. cinerea 8

14. albescens 9

15. panicea 9

16. aculeata 10

17. Fucorum 10

18. incrustans 11

19. saburrata 11

20. aegagropila 11

21. seriata 12

22. sanguinea 12

?23. celata 12

24. hystrix 13

25. coalita 13

4. Halichondria.

26. virgultosa page 13

27. hirsuta 13

28. domuncula 13

29. mammillaris 14

30. Ficus 15

31. sevosa 15

32. maculans 15

? 33. aurea 15

?34. Conus 16

? 35. rigida 16

36. perlaevis 16

5. Badiaga 16

1. fluviatilis 16

2. lacustris 18

6. Spongia 18

1. pulchella 18

2. limbata 18

? 3. laevigata 19

? prolifera 19, 23

7. Dysidea 19

1. fragilis 19

2. papillosa 20

8. Halisarca 20

1. Dujardinii 20

Order II. CALCAREA ... 20
Fam. 2. Grantiad^e 20

9. Grantia 20

1. compressa 20

2. lacunosa 21

3. ciliata 21

4. pulverulenta 22

5. fistulosa 22

6. botryoides 22

7. nivea 23

8. coriacea 23

CONCORDANCE

OF THE NAMES USED IN DR. G. JOHNSTON*S BRITISH SPONGES AND IN
THIS LIST.

1. Tethya pages 81,244

1.

Cranium ...

82, 244

2.

Lyncurium

85, 195, 244

Geodia

195

1.

Zetlandica.

195, 244

Pachymatisma ....

244

1.

Johnstonia

108, 244

2. Halichondria ...

1.

palmata ...

92,245

2.

oculata

94,245

3.

cervicornis

96,245

4.

hispida

98,245

5.

ramosa

6.

Montagui

99, 245

7.

Columbae ,

101,245

8.

plumosa... .

103,246

103, 246

9.

fruticosa .

10.

infundibuliformis 105,246

11.

ventilabrum.... 107, 246

12.

simulans ..

109, 246

13.

cinerea ....

110, 246

14.

Fucorum .

112, 247

15.

panicea ....

114,246

16.

aegagropila.

119,248

17.

saburrata...

120, 197, 247

121, 197, 247

18.

areolata...

19.

incrustans

122, 197, 247

20.

seriata

125,248

21.

caelata ....

125,248

22.

aurea

131,248

23.

aculeata . . . .

131, 247

24.

Conus

132,248

25.

rigida

132, 248

... 133, 248

26.

perlaevis....

Tethya .....page 1

1. Cranium 1

2. aurantium 2

Geodia 2

1. Cydonium 2

Pachymatisma 3

1. Johnstonia 3

Halicliondria 3

1. palmata 4

2. oculata 4

3. cervicornis 5

4. hispida 6

5. ramosa 6

6. tubulosa . 6

7. Columbae 6

8. plumosa 7

9. fruticosa 7

10. infundibuliformis .... 7

11. ventilabrum.... 7

12. simulans 8

13. cinerea 8

17. Fucorum 10

15. panicea 9

20. aegagropila 11

19. saburrata... 11

Dysidea fragilis 19

Halichondria. 18. incrustans 11

21. seriata 12

23. celata 12

32. Paurea 15

16. aculeata 10

34. Conus 16

35. rigida 16

36. perlaevis 16

CONCORDANCE.

viii

2. Ilalichondria.

27. sanguinea.. pages 133,

28. coalita 135,

29. virgultosa.. 137, 197,

30. hirsuta 138,

31. suberea... 139,197,

32. mammillaris ... 142,

33. Ficus 144,

34. carnosa 146,

35. sevosa 147, 198,

36. albescens 198,

3. Spongilla 149,

1. fluviatilis 159,

2. lacastris 162,

4. Spongia 164,

1. pulchella 167,

2. limbata 168,

3. laevigata 170,

5. Grantia 172,

1. compressa 174,

2. lacunosa 176,

3. ciliata 176,

4. botryoides 178,

5. pulverulenta ... 180,

6. fistulosa 181,

7. nivea 181,

8. coriacea 183,

6. Dusideia 185,

1. fragilis 187,

2. papillosa 190,

7. Halisarca 192,

1. Dujardinii 192,

Ilalichondria.

22. sanguinea..

25. coalita

26. virgultosa

27. hirsuta

28. domuncula

29. mammillaris

30. Ficus

28. domuncula

31. sevosa ...

14. albescens

5. Badiaga

1. fluviatilis

2. lacustris

6. Spongia

1. pulchella.

2. limbata .

3. laevigata

9. Grantia

1. compressa

2. lacunosa

3. ciliata ..

6. botryoides

4. pulverulenta

5. fistulosa

7. nivea ....

8. coriacea

7. Dysidea

1. fragilis..,

2. papillosa

8. Halisarca

1. Dujardinii

,248

249

249

249

249

249

249

249

249

246

249

250

250

250

250

250

250

251

251

251

252

252

252

252

252

252

256

251

251

251

251

LIST OF BRITISH SPONGES.

Class. AMORPHOZOA.

Spongia, Linn. S. N. 1296.

Les Sponges, Cuv. Tab. Elem. 628, 1798; Rfy. Anim. iii. 321,
1817.

Spongites, Latreille, Fam. Nat. 547.

Spongidiae and Alcyonidese, Gray , Brit. Plants , 352, 354.
Spongiadae, Flem. B.A. 518, 1828.

Spongiaires, M. Edw. in Lam. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ed. 2. ii. 534.
Zoophyta porifera, Grant , Crit. Comp. Anat. 5 ; Cyclop. Anat.

and Phys. p. 108; Roget , Bridg. Treat, p. 147.

Ceratophyta spongiosa, Schweiger, tiandb. 421, 1820.
Araorphozoa, Blainv. Man. Act. 527 ; Johnst. B. Sponges , 78.
Spongia, Lamour. Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 182, 1812.

Order I. SILICEA.

Fam. 1. TETHYADiE.

1. Tethya.

Tethia or Tetliya, Lam . Anim. s. Vert. ii. 384 ; Gray , Br. PI. i.
361 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 519 ; Schw. Beobacht. vii. and Handb.
422.

Tethea, Johnston , Brit. Sp. and Coral, pp. 81, 244.

Les Thetyes, Cuv. Rljg. Anim. iii. 321.

Tethium, Blainv. Man. 544.

Alcionium /3. Cuv. Tab. Elem. 682, 1798.

1 . Tethya Cranium.

Alcyonium Cranium, Mull. Zool. Han. Prod. 255 ; Zool. Dan .
tab. 85, not figured ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 654 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex.
347, Corail. 248.

Tethya Cranium, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 386, and ii. 592, 2nd
edit.; Flem. Brit. Anim. 519; Blainv. Actinol . 544; Stark ,
Elem. ii. 423; Johnston , Brit. Sponges, p. 83. 1. 1. f. 1-8, and
244 (not Risso , E. M. v.364).

B

BRITISH SPONGES.

Alcyonium globosum, Mull . Zool. Dan. tab. 157- figs. 1, 2.

Alcyonium Lyncurium, Esper , Alcyon. tab. 19. fig. 1 ; Jameson
in Wern. Mem. i. 563.

Spongia pilosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 119. pi. 13. figs. 1, 2.

Tethya pilosa, Gray, Brit. Plants, 362; Grant, Edinb, N. Phil.
Jour. p. 196.

a, Slice of (Tethya Cranium), from Dr. Fleming. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. In spirits. Zetland. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.

Bowerbank, Esq.

2. Tethya aurantium.

Tetie sferica, Donati, Nat. mar. delV A driat. 64. tav. 9. figs, a, b, c. j

Alcyonium aurantium, Pall. Elench. 357 ; Esper, Alcyon. tab. 19.
fig. 4-8 ; copied from Donati.

Alcyonium Lyncurium, Gmelin. Syst. 1295 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 653 ; j
Lamour. Cor. Flex. 343, Corail. 246; Bose. Vers, iii. 159.

Tethya Lyncurium, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 386 (592, 2nd edit.); j
Risso , L’Europ. Merid. v. 363; Blainv. Actinol. 544. pi. 91. I
tig. 3?; Delle Chiaje, Anim.s. Vert. Nap. iii. 116; Johnston,
Brit. Sp. p. 85. Woodcut, N. 12. and p.244.

Spongia verrucosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. iii. 117. pi. 13.
figs. 4, 5.

Tethya verrucosa, Gray, Brit. Plants, p. 362.

Tethya sphaerica, Fleming, B.A. 520 ; Bellamy, South Devon, 268.

a, b. Brit. Sponges, 87. fig. 12. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

c, d, e,f. In spirits. Cunnemara. Presented by G. John- j
ston, M.D.

g. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

h. In spirits. Torbay. Presented by Mrs. Griffith.

2. Geodia.

Geodia, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. 2nd edit. ii. 593 ; ? Audouin et
Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. du Litt. de la France, i. p. 77 ;
Blainv. Man. 534 ; Schweig. Handb. 422; Johnston, Br. Spon.
pp. 195, 244.

Cydonium, Flem. B. A. 516; Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 489
(Sponge not animal).

Alcyonium, sp. Couch, Corn. Fauna, iii. 133.

1. Geodia Cydonium.

Alcyonium Cydonium, Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 563 ! ; Stew.
Elem. ii. 432; not Mull. Zool. Dan. t. 81.

BRITISH SPONGES*

3

Cydonium Mulleri, Flem. Brit. Anim. 516 !; Grant in Edinb.
New Phil. Journ. i. 195; Johnston’s Brit. Zooph. 191; not
Blainv. Man. 525.

Geodia Zetlandica, Johnston , Brit. Sponges, 195. t. 3. fig. 34.

Alcionio primo, Donati, Stor. Nat. t. 8. figs, a, b, c, dl

Alcyonium subviride, Couch, Corn. Fauna, iii. 133.

a. A slice of Cydonimn Mulleri, figured Brit. Sponges, t. 3.
figs. 3, 4. From Dr. Fleming. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

? b. ( “G . Zetlandica”), Cornwall, W. C. Peach, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Ireland. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam, prepared by J. S. Bower-
bank, Esq.

3. Packymatisma.

Pachymatisma, Bowerbank, Trans. Microscop. Soc. 1847 ; Johnst.
Brit. Sp. 1842.

1. Pachymatisma Johnstonia.

Halichondria Johnstonia, Bowerbank’ s MSS. ; Johnst. Brit.
Sponges, 198. t. 5. fig. 3.

Pachymatisma Johnstonia, Johnst. Brit. Sponges, 244 ; Bower-
bank, Trans. Microscop. Soc. i. t. .

a. Torquay, Devon, J. S. Bowerbank. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

b. In spirits, large size, Torquay. Presented by J. S. Bow-
erbank, Esq.

c. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

4. Halichondria.

Halichondria, Flem. Brit. Anim. 520, 1828; Johnst. Br. Sp .
pp. 88, 244.

Ilalina, Grant in Edinb. Encyclop. xviii. 844.

Ilaliclona, Grant, Outl. Comp. Anat. 5.

Halispongia, Blainv. Actinolog. 532, 1834.

Tupha and Scypha, sp. Gray, 1821.

Manon, sp. Schweig. 1820.

Tragos, sp. Schweig. 1820.

Cliona, Grant ; Johnst. B. Zooph. ed. 1.

Alcyonium, sp. Esper ; Lamk. 1816 (not 1801).

Anthelia, sp. Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx.

Alcyonium [3, Cuv. Tab. Elem. 682.

Chaonites, sp. Mantell.

4

BRITISH SPONGES*

a. Tupha, sp. Gray.

1. Halichondria palmata.

Spongia palmata, Sibb. Scot. ii. lib. iv. 55 ; Ellis and Soland ,
Zooph. 189. pi. 58. fig. 6; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659; Turt. Brit,
Faun. 209; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 562; Montagu in ibid ,
ii. 80; Bose. Vers, iii. 172; Stew. Elem. ii. 434 ; Lam. Anim.
s. Vert. ii. 379, and ii. 569, 2nd edit. ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 75,
Corall. 181 ; Parkins. Oryctology , 46 ; Stark, Elem. ii. 424
(not Templeton, Mag. N.H.).

Tupha palmata. Gray, Brit. PI. i. 3 55.

Halichondria palmata, Flem. Brit. Anim.; Johnst. in Trans .
Newc. Soc. ii. 269 ; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268 ; Johnst .
Brit. Spon. p. 93. tab. 2, p. 148. figs. 15 and 24.

Halispongia palmata, Blainv. Actinol. 533. pi. 93. fig. 4.

Spongia bacillaris, Linn. Syst. 1299; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod.
256 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 83, Corall. 186 ;
Bose. Vers , iii. 171 ; Parkins. Oryct. 48.

Spongia oculata, Esper, Spong. tab. 1. figs. 1, 2.

Manon oculatum, Schweig. Handb. 422.

Mermaid’s gloves, Shetlanders.

a. On coast of Berwick. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spiculaof a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow-
erbank, Esq.

2. Halichondria oculata.

Spongia ramosa, Raii Hist. i. 81, and Synon. 29. no. 1.

Spongia ramosa apicibus acutis furcis, Petiv. Pterigraph. Amer.
tab. 19. fig. 3.

Branched English Sponge, Ellis, Corall. 80. no. 1 . pi. 32. fig./,
F; Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. pi. 7* B.

Spongia oculata, Pall. Elench. 390; Linn. Syst. 1298; Ellis
and Soland. Zooph. 184 ; Berk. Syn. i. 213 ; Turt. Gmel. iv.
658; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208; Stew. Elem. ii. 434; Montagu
in Wern. Mem. ii. 78. pi. 6. fig. 2; Lam . Anim. s. Vert. ii.
378, 2nd edit. ii. 569 ; Bose. Vers, iii. 170 ; Hogg’s Stock. 39 ;
Lamour. Cor. Flex. 74, Corall. 121 ; Parkins. Oryct. 46.
Halichondria oculata, Johnst. Brit. Sponges, 94. t. 3, p.245.
Tupha oculata, Gray, Brit. PL i. 354.

Sp. dichotoma, Gmelin, Syst. 1299 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 256 ;
Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 187 ; Berk. Syn. i. 213 ; Turt. Gmel.
iv. 659 ; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 82. pi. 6. fig. 1 ; Lamour .
Cor. Flex. 67, Corall. 177; Parkins. Oryct. 45; Lam. Anim.
s. Vert. ii. 375, 2nd edit. ii. 566; Bose. Vers, iii. 171.
Spongia polychotoma, Esper, Spong. tab. 36.

Tupha dichotoma, Gray, Brit. PL i. 355.

BRITISH SPONGES.

Halichondria ramosa, Flem. Brit . Anim. 523 ; Bellamy’s South
Devon, 268.

Haliclona oculata, Grant in Outl. Comp. Anat. 5. fig. 2.
Halispongia ramosa, Blainv. Actinolog. 533.

L5H. paniforme, Blainv. Atlas, pi. 93. fig. 5.

a. Mouth of the Tay, “ W. Jackson, jun.” Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

b. A fragment. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Frith of Forth. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. On a crab, Brit. Sp. t. 3. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

e. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

3. Halichondria cervicornis.

Spongia ramosa, Ger . Herb. em. 15/7? no. 9 ; Merr . Pin. 116.
Downv-branched English Sponge, Ellis in Phil. Trans, ahridq .

xii/261. pi. 7. fig. C.

Spongia cervicornis, Pall. Elench. 388.

Halichondria cervicornis, Johnst. Brit. Sponges, 96. t. 4, 5. p.245.
Sp. stuposa, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 186 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659 ;
Turt. Brit. Faun. 208 ; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 562 ; Mon-
tagu in ibid. ii. 79. pi. 3. figs. 1, 2, and pi. 4 ; Stew. Elem. ii.
434 ; Bose. Vers, iii. 172 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 78, Cor all. 183 ;
Parkins. Oryct , 47 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 381, 2nd edit. ii.
572 ; D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iv. 150 (not Esper, t. 40).
Tupha stuposa. Gray , Brit. PI. i. 354.

Spongia lanuginosa, Esper , Spong. tab. 24. figs. 1, 2 ; Lam. Anim.
s. Vert. ii. 379, 2nd edit. ii. 570; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 75,
Cor all. 181 ; Parkins. Oryct. 46.

Spongia echidnsea, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 68, Cor all. 177-
Var. (3. Johnst . Brit. Sp. 96.

Spongia digit ata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 84. pi. 7 ; Flem .

Brit. Anim. 525 (not Templeton, Mag. Nat . Hist.).

Tupha digitata, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 355.

Sp. fruticosa, Esper , Spongia, t. 10. figs. 1, 2?

a. Short, much-branched, “ S. stuposa var. damicornis.”
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Elongate, figured Johnst. Brit. Sp. t. 5. fig. 1. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Elongate, figured Johnst. Brit . Sp. t. 5. fig. 2. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Spicula of b, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

BRITISH SPONGES.

6

4. Halichondria liispida.

Spongia hispida, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 86. pi. 5. figs. 1, 2.
Tupha liispida, Gray, Br. PL i. 355.

Halichondria liispida, Flem. Br. Anim. ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 98.
and 245 (only known from Montagu’s description).

a. “ Cornish.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Specimen of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

5. Halichondria? ramosa.

Spongia ramosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 84. pi. 8; Flem.
Brit. Anim. 526.

Tupha ramosa, Gray , Brit. PI. i. 355.

Halichondria? ramosa, Johnst. Brit. Spon. pp. 99, 245.

Inliab. coast of Devon, Montagu.

6. Halichondria tubulosa.

Spongia tubulosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 91 ; Templeton in
Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471 (not Solander and Ellis, t. 58. fig. 7).
Spongia semitubulosa ?, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 380, 2nd edit. ii.

5J0 ; Larnour. Cor. Flex. 76, Cor all. 182 ; Parkins. Oryct. 46.
Scypha tubulosa, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 357-

Halichondria Montaguii, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522; Johnst. Brit.
Sp. p. 99. t. 6. fig. 1, p. 245.

a. Dublin Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

7- Halichondria Columbae.

Spongia Columbae, Walker, Essays, 96.

Halichondria Columbae, Flem. Brit. Anim. 521 ; Johnst. Brit.
Spong. pp. 101 and 245.

Spongia cancellata, Sow. Brit. Misc. 131. pi. 60; Montagu in
Wern. Mem. ii. 110; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208.

Scypha cancellata, Gray, Brit. PI. i. 358.

Inhab. coast of Scotland, Walker ; Brighton, Fellows.

8. Halichondria ? plumosa.

Spongia plumosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 116 ; Flem. Br.

Anim. 526 ; Gray, Br. PI. i. 361.

Halichondria? plumosa, Johnst. Br. Sp. pp. 103, 245.

Inhab. coast of Devon, Montagu.

BRITISH SPONGES.

7

9. Halichondria fruticosa.

Spongia fruticosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 112. pi. 14. figs. 3,
4; Gray, Brit . PI. i. 360 ; Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. ii.
139. pi. 2. fig. 10; the spiculum copied in Blainv , Actinol.
pi. 94. fig. 10.

Halichondria fruticosa, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522 ; Johnston, Br.

Spon. p. 104. t. 14. fig. 1, p. 245.

Spongia crispata, Esper, Spong. tab. 37- fig. 1-3 ?

Spongia licheniformis, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 354, 2nd edit. ii.
543?; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 22, Corall. 153?

a. “ Cornwall, J. Couch, Esq.” Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. Washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. ? Washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Spicula of b, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower-
bank, Esq.

b. Tragos, sp. Schweig.

10. Halichondria infundibuliformis.

Spongia infundibuliformis, Petiv . Pterogr. Amer. tab. 19. fig. 6?
Spongia infundibuliformis, Linn. Syst. 1296 ; Mull. Zool. Dan.
Prod. 256. no. 3085 ; Esper, Spong. tab. 57. figs. 1, 2 ; Jame-
son in Wern. Mem. i. 562 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 657 ; Stew. Elem.
ii. 433 ; Bose. Vers , iii. 168; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii» 103;
Gray, Brit. PI. i. 359.

Spongia? crateriformis, Pall. Elench. 386.

Spongia calyciformis, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 365, 2nd edit. ii. 555.
Spongia Pocillum, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 45, Corall. 166 (not Mull,
et Fabric.).

Halichondria infundibuliformis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 524; Johnst.
Brit. Spong. p. 105. pi. 6. fig. 3, p. 246.

a. Br. Sp. t. 6. f. 3. Cumbra, Rev. D. Landsborough.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of a, Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower-
bank, Esq.

11. Halichondria ventilabrum.

Sea-fan Sponge, Ellis in Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. p. 7- fig* H.
Spongia ventilabrum, Linn. Syst. 1296 ; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod.
255; Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 188; Turt. Gmel. iv. 656;
Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 561 ; Montagu in ibid. ii. 105 ; Stew.
Elem. ii. 433 ; Bose. Vers, iii. 167 ; Stark, Elem. ii. 424 ; Grant
in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 349, and ii. 122. pi. 2. fig. 5, co-
pied in Blainv. Atlas, pi. 94. fig. 5.

Halichondria ventilabrum, Johnst. B. Sponges, 107. t. 7, p* 246.
Spongia ventilabriformis. Gray, Brit : PI. i. 359.

Halichondria ventilabra, Flem. Brit. Anim. 523; Thompson in
Ann. Nat. Hist . v. 254; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268.

8

BRITISH SPONGES.

Halispongia ventilabra, Blainv. Actin. 533.

Spongia Zetlandica, Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 561.

Spongia xerampelina, Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiv. 116*.

Ling Hoods, Zetlanders.

a. Brit. Sp. t. 7. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower-
bank, Esq.

Var. p. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 10/.

Spongia Scypha, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 107. pi. 15. fig. 1.
Sp. foliascens, Gray , Brit. PI. i. 359.

c. Halichondria.

12. Halichondria simulans.

Halichondria simulans, Johnston , Brit. Sp. p. 109. t. 8, p. 206.
Var. a. Erect, irregularly branched (Brit. Sp. figs. 1, 2).

Yar. p. Creeping, ramose or nodulous (fig. 3).

Halispongia reptans, Scouler MS.

Var. y. Papillary (Brit. Sp. fig. 4).

Yar. d. Massive (Brit. Sp. fig. 5).

a. Branched. Dublin, Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. Branched, Brit. Sp. t. 8. f. 1. Dr. Scouler. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Branched, Brit. Sp. t. 8. f. 2. Dr. Scouler. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Branched. Dr. Scouler. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Clavate, Brit. Sp. t. 8. f. 1. Dr. Scouler. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

/. Tuberose, Brit. Sp. t. 8.f. 1. Dr. Scouler. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

g. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower-
bank, Esq.

13. Halichondria cinerea.

Spongia cinerea, Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. ii. 204. pi. 2,
fig. 3 (the spiculum), copied in Blainv. Actinol. pi. 94. fig. 3.
Halichondria cinerea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 521 ; Johnston , Br. Sp.

p. 111. t. 4. figs. 4, 5 (spicula, 246).

Spongia cserulea Rissoy UEurop. Merid. v. 3 73?; Dalle Chia.je ,
Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. 113. tav. 37. fig. 11 ?

Spongia pulverulenta, Scouler MS.

a. (Dublin Bay?) Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. l On a rock, Scarborough, W. Bean. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

c. Sf e. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

f. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bower bank, Esq.

BRITISH SPONGES.

9

14. Halichondria albescens.

Haliehondria albescens* Johnst. Brit. Sponges , 198. t. 20. f. 8*
and p. 246.

Inliab. ?

15. Halichondria panicea.

Halichondria panicea* Johnst. Brit. Sp. 114. t. 10 & 11. fig. 5*
p. 246 ; not Fleming.

Hahchondria papillaris, Flem.Brit. Anim. 520; Johnst. in Trans.

Newc. Soc. ii. 270. pi. 9. fig. 3.

Halispongia papillaris* Blainv. Actinol. 532.

Var. 1. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 114. 1. 10. fig. 1.

Spongia tomentosa* Gmelin, Syst. 1299?; Turt. Gmel. iv. 659;

Turt. Brit. Faun. 208; Stew. Elem. ii. 434; Bose. Vers, iii. 171.
Alcyonimn tomentosum* Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470.

a. On Fucus, Brit. Sp. t. 10. f. 1. Ireland* W. Thompson.
Presented by G. Johnston* M.D.

Var. 2. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 114. 1. 10. fig. 2.

Fucus marinus noster similis medullse panis, Raii Hist. Plant.
iii. 16.

Spongia informis durior* compressa, Raii Syn. i. 30. no. 7.
Alcyonium ramosum molle* medullse panis intus simile, Raii Syn.
31. no. 1.

Sponge like crumb of bread, Ellis, Corail. 80. no. 2. pi. 16.

fig. d. D ; Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. pi. 7- A.

Spongia panicea* Pall. Elench. 388; Turt. Gmel. iv. 660 ; Larnour.
Cor. Flex. 29, Corail. 157; Stew. Elem. ii. 435; Bose. Vers,
iii. 173 ; not Esper, t. 18. f. 12.

Sp. urens* Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 187 ; Hogg, Stock. 38; Tem-
pleton in lib. cit. ix. 471.

Sp. tomentosa, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 99 ; Jameson in ibid.
i. 562 ; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 361 ; Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ.
xiv. 114.

Sp. urtica, Risso, L’Europ. Merid. v. 370.

Alcyonium papillosum* var. 2, Lamarck, Anim. s. Vert. ii. 398,
2nd edit. ii. 604.

Alcyonium medullare* Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 400, 2nd edit. ii.
606; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470; Larnour. Cor.
Flex. 355, Corall. 251.

Alcvonium paniceum, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 400, 2nd edit, ii,
607.

Alcyonium tubulosum, Esper, Alcyon. 40. t. 11. figs. 1, 2 (on
stalk of Laminaria).

b, c. Tubular* from stem of Fucus. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

d. Expanded, on Fuci. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b 5

10

BRITISH SPONGES.

? e. fyf. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. Spicula, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower-
bank, Esq.

Var. 3. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 114. t. 10. figs. 3, 4. (Plate XI. fig. 5.)
Cock’s-comb Sponge, Ellis in Phil. Trans, abridg. xii. 261. pi. /.
fig. F.

Alcyonium maims diaboli, Linn. Syst. 1296 ; Esper , Alcyon. 66.
t. 21. figs. 1, 2, and t. 22.

Spongia cristata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 186; Tart. Gmel. iv.
659; Tart. Brit. Faun. 208; Bose. Vers, iii. 172; Stew. Elem.
ii. 434 ; Montagu in IVern. Mein. ii. 103; Lamour. Cor. Flex.
28, Corail. 156; Gray, Brit. PI. i. 359; Templeton in lib. ix.
471 ; Risso, 1/ Eur op. Merid. v. 370.

Sp. papillaris, Montagu in IVern. Mem. ii. 90 ; Grant in Edin.
Neiv Phil. Journ. i. 343, and ii. 138. pi. 2, 21, 25, 26 ; Roget ,
Bridgew. Treat, i. 149. fig. 53.

Scypha papillaris, Gray , Brit. PL i. 357.

Halina papillaris. Grant in Cyclop. Anat. andPhys. 1. 108. fig.29;

and Outl. Comp. Anat. 311. fig. 108.

Spongia compacta, Sowerby’s Brit. Misc. 85. pi. 42 ; Turt. Br.
Faun. 208.

Var. 4. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 114. 1. 11. fig. 5.

h, i,j. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

k. Dublin Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

16. IIaliciiondria aculeata.

Halichondria aculeata, Bean MSS. ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 131.

pi. 13. figs. 1-3, p. 247.

Inhab. ?

d. iEGAGROPILA.

17. Halichondria Fucorum.

Spongia Fucorum, Esper , Spong. tab. 49. figs. 1, 2.

Halichondria fucorum, Johnst. Brit. Spon. 112. t. 9-12. fig. 2,
p. 246.

Spongia parasitica, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 114 ; Gray, Brit.

Pl. i. 360; Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 348.
Halichondria parasitica, Flem . Brit. Anirn. 52 1 ; Thompson in
Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 254 ; Bellamy’s South Devon, 268.
Halispongia parasitica, Blainv. Actinol. 532.

a. On Sertularia? “Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq.” Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. On Floridea. Ireland, V/. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. On Fucus, Johnst. Br. Sp. t. 9. Ireland, W. Thompson,
Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH SPONGES.

11

e. On Sertularia falcata. Liverpool, J. Hylands, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. On Conferva. Craigorad, Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

g. Crustaceous var. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

18. Halichonbria incrustans.

Alcyonium incrustans, Esper, Alcyon. 1. 15; Lam. Anim. s. Vert .

ii. 397, 2nd edit. ii. 603 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 340, Corail. 244.
Halichondria incrustans, Johnst. Brit. Spon. p. 122. t. 12. fig. 3,
and 1. 13. fig. 5, p. 247-

Spongia fava, Montagu in JVern. Mem. ii. 115; Gray , Brit. PL

i. 360.

Spongia panicea. Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiii. 104, xiv. 118 ;
and in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 347, ii. 128,138. pi. 2. figs. 4, 24,
27-29, copied in Blainv. Actinol. pi. 94 ; not Pallas.
Plalichondria panicea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 520 ; not Johnst.
Ilalispongia panicea, Blainv. Actinol. 532. not robust.

b. Branched. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. “ Spongia fava, Mont.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. "Hal. panicea, Flem.” Presented by G. Johnston, M.D,

e. “ Hal. panicea, Flem.” Brit. Sp. 1. 12. f. 3. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

f9 g, h. Mass with dry mucus. Presented by G. Johnston,

M.D.

i. Mass, washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

j. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

19. Halichondria saburrata.

Halichondria saburrata, Johnst . Br. Sp. p. 121. 1. 11. fig. 3, p. 197-
247.

a. Br. Sp. t. 11. f. 3. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

20. Halichondria aegagropila.

Ilalispongia aegagropila, Scouler MSS.

Halichondria aegagropila, Johnst. Br. Sp. p. 119. 1. 11. f. 1, p. 248.

a. With animal matter, Br. Sp. t. 11. f. 1. Dublin, Dr.
Scouler. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b, c. Washed. Ireland? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

12

BRITISH SPONGES,

21. Halichondria seriata.

Spongia seriata, Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiv. ll(i.
Halichondria seriata, Johnst. Br. Sp. p. 125. 1. 14. fig. 2, p, 197
248.

a. Tenby, J. S. Bowerbank. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Br. Sp. 1. 14. f. 2. Tenby, J. S. Bowerbank. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

22. Halichondria sanguinea.

Spongia sanguinea. Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. ii. 135, and
203. pi. 2. fig. 9.

Halichondria sanguinea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 521 ; Johnst. Br. Sp.
134. t. 14. fig. 3, p. 248.

Ilalispongia sanguinea, Blainv. Actinol. 532. pi. 94. fig. 9.

a. Dublin Bay, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

b. Abnormal form. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Dublin Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J, S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

e. Cliona.

23. Halichondria? celata.

Halichondria? celata, Johnst. Br. Sp. p. 125. fig. 13, p. 197-248.
Var. 2. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 125.

Cliona celata, Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 78, ii. 183.
pi. 2. fig. 7 (the spiculum) ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 516; Stark ,
Elem. ii. 421 ; Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 305. pi. 42. figs. 5, 6; I)u~
jardin in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. x. 5.

La Clione cachee, Blainv. Actinol. 527 . pi. 94. fig. 7- (The spi-
culum copied from Grant.)

5, c, d. Massive and rude. Cornwall, W. C. Peach, Esq.

Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
a. In holes in shells (Cliona cinerea). Scarborough, W.

Bean, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
e. Mass in holes in stone. Devonshire. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

/, g , h. Mass in holes in stone. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

iyj, k. In holes in shells. Presented by G. Johnston, M.l).
1. Spicula of «, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

BRITISH SPONGES.

13

24. Halichondria hystrix, Johnst. MSS.

a. Small round mass. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

/. Suberula.

25. Halichondria coalita.

Spongia coalita, Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. 256; Zool.Dan. iii. 7k
1. 120; Turt. Gmel. iv. 662; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 80;
Bose. Vers , iii. 177 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 382, 2nd edit. ii.
572; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 80, Corail. 184 ; Parkins. Oryctol.
47 ; Grant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiv. 118, and in Edin. New
Phil. Journ. ii. 123.

Tupha coalita. Gray , Brit. PI. i. 355.

Halichondria coalita, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522 ; Bellamy's South
Devon , 268 ; Johnst. Br. Sp. 135. t. 12. f. 1, p. 249.
Halispongia coalita, Blainv . Actinol. 532.

Spongia suberosa, Esper , Spong. t.41.

a. Br. Sp. t. 12. f. 1. Frith of Forth? Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of «, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

26. Halichondria virgultosa.

Spongia virgultosa, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 375,2nd edit. ii. 565;

Lamour. Cor. Flex. 66, Corail. 177 ; Parkins. Oryctol. 44.
Halichondria virgultosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 137. t. 15. figs. 1-3,
pp. 197, 249.

a. Brit. Sp. 1. 15. figs. 1 and 2. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

27. Halichondria hirsuta.

Halichondria hirsuta, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp.
p. 138. 1. 16. fig. 1, p. 249.

Inhab. deep water, Zetland, Fleming ; Ireland, Thompson.

Mus. W. Thompson.

28. Halichondria domuncula.

Spongia suberea, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 100.

Mahchondria suberea, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 139. t. 12. figs. 5, 6,
p. 141. fig. 14, and pp. 197, 249.

14

BRITISH SPONGES.

Sp. suberosa. Gray , Br. PI. 361.

Halichondria suberica, Flem. Brit. Anim. 522 ; Coldstream in
Edinb. New Phil. Journ. ix. 235. pi. 2. figs. 3-5 ; Thompson
in Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 254 ; Bellamy's South Devon , 268.
Halispongia suberica, Blainv. Actinol. 532.

Alcvonium domuncula, Olivi, Adriad. 241 ; Lam. Hist. ii. 4,
ed. 2. ii. 600.

Anthelia domuncula, Blainv. Diet. Sci. Nat. lx. 487.

Spongia domuncula, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 28.

Alcyonium bulbosum, Esper, Alcyon. p. 41. 1. 12. figs. 1-6.
Alcyonium tuberosum, Esper , Alcyon. 1. 13. figs. 1-6.

Alcyonium compaction, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 400, 2nd edit,
ii. 606 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 354, Cor all. 251 ; Parkins. Oryc-
tol. 59.

a. On a shell. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. On a shell. Brit. Sp. t. 12. fig. 6. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

c. On a shell. Brit. Sp. t. 12. fig. 5. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

e. In spirits. Aberystwyth. Presented by the Rev. J.
Henslow.

Var. not on a shell.

Halichondria earnosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 146. t. 13. figs. 7, 8,

p. 249.

II. suberea, var. Bowerbank MSS.

a, e. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

/. Spicula of e, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow-
erbank, Esq.

29. Halichondria mammillaris.

Spongia mammillaris, Mull. Zool. Dan. iv. 44. tab. 158. figs. 3, 4 ;
Lamour. Cor. Flex. 59, Corail. 173; Thompson in Ann. Nat.
Hist. v. 254.

Halichondria mamillaris, Johnston , p. 142. 1. 16. fig. 2, p. 249.
Spongia Penicillus, Montayu in Wern. Mem. ii. 93. pi. 13. fig. 7 ;

Flem. Brit. Anim. 526 ; Templeton in May. Nat. Hist. ix. 47 1 .
Spongia mammiferis, Parkinson's Oryctoloyy , 43.

Spongia Imperati, D. Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert. Nap. iii. 114. tav.37.
figs. 18 and 23.

Tethya ? penicilliformis. Gray , Brit. PL i. 362.

Inhab. ?

BRITISH SPONGES.

15

30. Halichondria Ficus.

Alcionio tuberoso in forma di fico, Imperat. Ital. 641. fig. inf.
Sponge called the Sea Fig, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 206. pi. 59.
fig. 4.

Alcyonium Ficus, Esper , Alcyon. tab. 20. figs. 1-4 ; copied Johnst.

Brit. Sp. t. 77- fig- 11; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 348; not Fallas.
Halichondria Ficus, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 144. t. 15. figs. 4 and 5,
and p. 249.

Alcyonium ficiforme, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 394; edit. 2, ii. 599.
Spongia ficiformis, Lamx. Cor. Flex. 47 ; Expos. Meth. 29. t. 59.
f. 4.

Choanites Ficus, Mantell, Geol. Sussex , 179.

a. Scarborough, Brit. Sp. t. 15. fig. 4. W. Bean, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. In primary state? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Spicula in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bower-
bank, Esq.

d, e. In spirits. “ Mammaria,” Leach MSS. Presented by
J. Cranch, Esq.

31. Halichondria sevosa.

Halichondria sevosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 147. t. 16. figs. 3, 4,

pp. 198, 249.

36 a. Brit. Sp. 1. 13. fig. 3. Isle of Man. E. Forbes, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

32. Halichondria maculans.

Halichondria maculans, Johnst. MSS.

a. On a shell. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

b. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

Species requiring f urther examination.

33. Halichondria ? aurea.

Spongia aurea, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 86 ; Flem. Brit.
Anim. 526.

Tupha aurea, Gray , Brit. PI. i. 356.

Halichondria? aurea, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 131, 248.

Inhab. ?

16

BRITISH SPONGES.

34. IIalichondria? Conus.

Spongia Conus, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 85. pi. 10; Flem.
Brit. Anim. 526.

Tupha conica, Gray , Brit. PL i. 356.

IIalichondria? Conus, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 132, 248.

Inliab. ?

35. IIalichondria? rigida.

Spongia rigida, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 87- pi. 11. figs. 1, 2;

Flem. Brit. Anim. 526.

Tupha rigida, Gray , Br. PI. i. 356.

IIalichondria? rigida, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 132, 248.

Inliab. ?

36. IIalichondria? perhevis.

Spongia perlcevis, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 86 ; Flem. Brit.
Anim. 526.

Tupha perlrevis, Gray , Brit. PL i. 356.

IIalichondria perlaevis, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 133, 248.

II. seriata var. ?, Johnst. loc. cit. 248.

Inhab. ?

5. Badiaga.

Badiaga, Buxbaum, Comm. Acad.Petrop. ii. 1727,343; Spengler ,
Syst. Veg. iv. 374, 1827.

IIalichondria, sp. Flem. B.A. 524, 1828.

Spongilla, Lam. Hist. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 98, 1816, edit. 2, ii. Ill ;
Blainv. Man.Actinol. 533-683 ; Schweig. Handb. 421 ; Johnst.
Brit. Sp. ; Gray , Brit. Plants , i. 353.

Spongia pars, Linn. S. N. 1299.

Cristatella, Lamk. Syn. 385, 1801 (Sponge not animal), not 1816 ;

Lamx.Bull. Soc. Phil. ii. 182, 1812 ; not Cuv . Tabl. Elem. 1798.
Tupha, Oken,Lehrb. 1815; S chw eig. H andb. 421; not Gray, 1820.
Ephydatia, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 2, 1816.

1. Badiaga fluviatilis.

Spongia fluviatilis, Pall. Elench. 384; Linn. Syst. 1299; Berk.
Syn. i. 213; Turt. Gmel. iv. 662; Blumenb. Man. 272; Bose.
Vers, iii. 178.

Badiaga fluviatilis, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 374.

Ephydatia fluviatilis, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 6, Cor all. 148.
IIalichondria fluviatilis, Flem. Brit. Anim. 524.

Spongilla fluviatilis, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 159. t. 17, 18, p. 250.
LesEponges d’eau douce, Gervais in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. iv.
254.

BRITISH SPONGES. 17

Spongilla ou Eponge d’eau douce, Dujardin in Ann. des Sc. Nat.
n. s. x. 4. pi. 1. figs. 1-4.

Cristatella, ou Sponges fluviatiles, Lamx. Bull. Soc. Phil. iii. 182.
Tar. a. Sponge crustaceous , massive and slightly lobed, or throw-
ing up short branches. Johnst. Brit. Sp. 1. 17-
Spongia fluviatilis anfractuosa, perfragilis, ramosissima nostras.
Plunk. Phy tog. tab. 112. fig. 3.

Spongia fluviatilis ramosa fragilis, Raii Hist. PI. iii. 16; Syn. i.
30. no. 6.

Fungus vel potius Spongia viridis, doliolis adnascenti similis,
Raii Syn. i. 57. no. 11.

Spongia lacustris, Linn. Flor. Suec . 439. no. 1190; FI. Lapp .
389; Syst. Nat. 1299; Esper, Spong. tab. 23 A. figs. 1-11;
Berk. Syn. i. 213 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 662 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 209 ;
Stew. Elem. ii. 435; Bose. Vers, iii. 178; Link in Ann. des
Sc. Nat. n. s. Bot. ii. 328.

Badiaga major, Buxbaum, l. c. 343.

Spongia friabilis, Esper, Spong. tab. 62. figs. 1-4 ; Turt. Gmel.

iv. 662; Bose. Vers, iii. 178.

Ephydatia lacustris, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 7, Cor all. 149.
Ephydatia friabilis, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 6, Cor all. 148.

Spongilla friabilis, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 100, 2nd edit.ii. 114;
Risso, L’Europ. Me'rid. v. 367 ; Grant in Edinb. Phil. Journ.
ii. 138. pi. 2. fig. 1 (the spiculum), copied in Blainv. Atlas,
pi. 94. fig. 1 ; Blainv. Man. 534 ; Schweig. Handb. 421 ; Tem-
pleton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470; Stark, Elem. ii. 442.
Spongilla pulvinata, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 99, 2nd edit.ii. 113 ;
Gray , Brit. PI. i. 353.

Spongilla fluviatilis, Blainv. Actinol. 534. pi. 92. fig. 6 ; Hogg’s
Stockton, 39; Hogg in Ann. Nat. Hist. i. 478, ii. 370, iii. 58
and 459, vi. 315; Hogg in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 363, and
in Charlesworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. 259 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp.
p. 159. pi. 17 & 18.

Spongilla lacustris, Blainv. Actinol. 534.

Yar. fi. Erect and branched, plant-like. Johnst. Brit. Sp. t. 18.
Spongia ramosa fluviatilis Newtoni, Raii Hist. PI. i. 81 ; Syn. i.
30. no. 5.

Badiaga cinerea, Buxbaum, l. c. ii. 343.

Spongia fluviatilis?, Linn. FI. Suec. 440. no. 1191.

Spongia lacustris, Esper, Spong. tab. 23. figs. 1, 2.

Spongia canalium, Turt. Gmel. iv. 662; Bose. Vers, iii. 179.
Ephydatia canalium, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 6, Corail. 148 ; Fleming in
Edinb. Phil. Journ. ii. 88; Flem. Phil. Zool. ii. 614. pi. 5. fig. 4.
Spongilla ramosa, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 100, 2nd edit. ii. 114;
Gray . Brit. PI. i. 353 ; Dutrochet in “ Ann. des Sc. Nat. 1828,
p. 205,” Bull, des Sc. Nat. xvii. 156; Stark, Elem. ii. 442,

18

BRITISH SPONGES.

Badiaga minor, Buxbaum, Comm. Petrop . ii. 1 727, 343; Cent.
v. 12. t. 23. fig. 2.

Spongilla canalium, Blainv. Actinol. 534.

Spongilla lacustris, Schweig. Handb. 421.

Spongilla pulvinata, Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470.

a. Northumberland. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. ? Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Erect, branched. Goole, W. Bean, Esq. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

d. e. Massive. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

f. Spicula of <7, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow-
erbank, Esq.

g. In spirits. Presented by J. E. Gray, Esq.

2. Badiaga lacustris.

Spongilla lacustris, Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 102, 250.

Spongia lacustris, “ Don’s Animals of Forfarshire, 35.”
Ilalichondria lacustris, Flem. Brit. Anim. 524.

0. Spongia.

Spongia pars, Linn.

Achilleum, Schweig. Beobacht. vii., Handb. 421 ; not Olcen.
Spongia, Lamk. Syst. 1801; Lamour. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1812;
Flem. Brit. Anim. 524, 1828; Blainv. Man. 520; Johnst. Brit.
Sp. pp. 164, 250.

1. Spongia pulchella.

Spongia pulchella, Sowerby , Brit. Misc. 87. pi. 43; Jameson in
H ern. Mem. i. 562 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. 208 ; Montagu in Wern.
Mem. ii. 100 ; Gray , Brit. Plants, i. 350 ; Flem. Brit. Anim.
524 ; Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471 ; Bellamy’s S.
Devon , 268 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 167. t. 10. figs. 1, 2 (p. 171.
fig. 16?), p. 250.

a. Washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Washed. Brit. Sp. t. 20. fig. 2. Berwick Bay ? Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

2. Spongia limbata.

Spongia limbat a, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 111. pi. 15. figs. 2, 3;
Gray , Brit. Pl. i. 360; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526; Johnst. Brit.
Sp. 168. t. 10. figs. 3, 4, 5, p. 250.

Spongia lobata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 85. pl. 0. fig. 1 ;

Flem. Brit. Anim. 526.

Tupha lobata, Gray , Brit. Pl. i. 356.

a. Var. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

BRITISH SPONGES.

19

b. Small mass, washed. Devonshire. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

c, d & e. Mass, washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
f. Rounded mass with dry mucus. Presented by G. John-
ston, M.D.

3. Spongia? Isevigata.

Spongia laevigata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 95. pi. 16. fig. 4 ;

Flem. Brit. Anim. 526 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 170, 250.

Seypha laevigata. Gray , Brit. PI. i. 358.

Inhab. ?

Dubia ?

? Spongia prolifera, Grant , Edinb. Phil. Journ.xiw 116 (not So-
lander and Ellis)-, not described.

Inhab. ?

7. Dysidea.

Duseideia, Johnston , 1842, p. 185.
Dysidea, Johnston, 1842, p. 251.

1. Dysidea fragilis.

Spongia fragilis, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 114. pi. 16. figs. 1,2;
Gray, Brit. PI. i. 360 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526 ; Templeton in
Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471 -

Duseideia fragilis, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 187. t. 13. fig. 6, and 1. 14.

fig. 4.

Dysidea fragilis, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 251.

Halichondria areolata, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 121. 1. 13. fig. 4, pp. 197
and 247.

a, b, c, d. Washed. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
e , f, q, h, i, with the mucus preserved to dry. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

j. with mucus in spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

k. “ Halichondria areolata.”

l. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

a. “ Hal. areolata.” Portaferry, Strangford Lough, W.
Thompson, Esq. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

20

BRITISH SPONGES.

2. Dysidea? papillosa.

Spongia suberea, Johnst. in Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 491. fig. 60.
Duseideia papillosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 1. 16. figs. 6, /, pp. 190, 191.
fig. 18.

Dysidea? papillosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. 251.

a. On fragment of a shell. Scarborough. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

h. Spicula of «, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow-
erbank, Esq.

8. Halisarca.

Halisarca, Dujard. 184?; Johnst. Brit. Sp. 184/.

1. Halisarca Dujardinii.

Halisarca, Dujardin in Ann. des Sc. Nat. n. s. x. 7- pi. 1 • fig. 5.
Hal. Dujardinii, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 192. 1. 16. fig. 8, p. 61. fig. 9,
p. 251.

Inhab. .

Order II. CALCAREA.

Pam. 2. GRANTIADiE.

9. Grantia.

Grantia, Flem. Brit. An. 524, 1828; Johnst. Brit. Sp. pp. 172,251.
Leucalia, Grant in Edinb. Encyclop. xviii. 844.

Leuconia, Grant , Outl. Comp. Anat. 7.

Calcispongia, Blainv. Diet. Sc. Nat. lx. 1830; Man. 530.
Spongia pars, Linn., Lam., Lamour.

Scypha pars, Gray , Brit. PL i. 357.

Scyphia pars, Schweig. Handb. 422, 1820.

1. Grantia compressa.

Spongia compressa, Fabric. Faun. Grcenl. 448 ; Turt. Gmel. iv.
661; Bose. Vers, iii. 176; Jameson in Wern. Mem. i. 562;
Lamour. Cor. Flex. 48, Corall. 168; Grant in Edinb. New
Phil. Journ. i. 166, and ii. 122, 127. pi. 2. figs. 11, 12, 13 and
23 ; copied in Blainv. Atlas, pi. 94 ; not Esper.

Spongia foliacea, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 92. pi. 12 ; Temple-
ton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471 ; not Esper.

Scypha foliacea, Gray , Brit. PI. i. 358.

Grantia compressa, Flem. Br. Anim. 524; Johnst. in Trans. Newc.
Soc. ii. 270; Brit. Sp. 174. t. 20. fig. 1, p. 251; Bellamy’s
South Devon, 268 ; Hassall in Ann. Nat. Hist. vi. 1 74.
Leuconia compressa, Grant’s Outl. Comp. Anat. p. 7- fig. 3.
Calcispongia compressa, Blainv. Actinol. 531.

Spongia urceolus, Muller, Zool. Dan. iv. 42. 1. 157. fig- 3, ? var.

BRITISH SPONGES.

21

a-e. Brit. Sp. t. 20. fig. 1. Berwick Bay. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

/. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.
g. Spicula of a> in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S. Bow-
erbank, Esq.

2. Grantia lacunosa.

Grantia lacunosa. Bean MSS. ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 176. t. 20.
figs. 2, 3, p. 251.

a. Brit. Sp. t. 20. figs. 2, 3. Scarborough, W. Bean, Esq.
Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of «, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

3. Grantia ciliata.

Spongia ciliata, Fabric. Faun. Grcenl. 448 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 657 ;

Bose. Vers , iii. 169; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 55, Corall. 151.
Spongia coronata, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 190. pi. 58. figs. 8, 9,
copied in Esper, Spong. tab. 61. figs. 5, 6 ; Turt. Gmel. iv. 657 ;
Turt. Brit. Faun. 208 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 433 ; Bose. Vers , iii. 169;
Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 88 ; Lamour. Cor. Flex. 54, Corail.
171 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 370, 2nd edit. ii. 560; Schweig.
Beobaclit. 80. tab. 5. fig. 47, opt. ! ; Grant inEdin. New Phil.
Journ. i. 170, ii. 122. pi. 2. figs. 17, 18; copied in Blainv. Atlas ,
pi. 94. figs. 17, 18.

Spongia panicea, Esper , Spong. tab. 18. figs. 1,2.

Scypha coronata, Gray , Brit. PL i. 357.

Grantia coronata, Hassall in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 174.
Grantia ciliata, Flem. Brit. Anim. 325 ; Johnst. in Trans. Newc.
Soc. ii. 271 ; Bellamy's South Devon , 269; Thompson in Ann.
Nat. Hist. v. 254 ; Johnst. p. 176. t. 20. f. 4,5, t. 21. f. 6, 7, and
p.l.f.l, p.252.

Calcispongia ciliata, Blainv. Actinol. 531.

Spongia fistulosa, Chiaje , Anim. Nap. iii. 113. t. 37. f. 14, 15.
a , b, c. On Conferva. Ireland, W. Thompson, Esq. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. With G. compressa. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

e, /, g. On Fucus. R. Orwell, Essex. Presented by W. B.
Clarke, M.D.

hy i, k. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

l. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

m. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

BRITISH SPONGES.

4. Grantia pulverulenta.

Spongia ananas var., Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 97. pi. 16. fig. 3.
Sp. pulverulenta, Grant in Edin. New Phil . Journ . i. 170.
Scypha ovata. Gray , Brit. PI. i. 358.

Grantia pulverulenta, Flem. Brit. Anim. 525 ; Bellamy's South
Devon , 269; Johnst. Brit. Sp. 180, 252.

Spongia inflata, Della Chiaje, Anim. s. Vert . Nap. iii. p. 114.
tav. 37- figs. 16, 17.

Var. ? Spongia ananas, Mont. Wern. Trans, ii. 96. 1. 16. figs. 1,2;

Johnst. Brit. Sp. 181.

Grantia ananas, Fleming , B. A. 525.

Inliab. ?

5. Grantia fistulosa.

Grantia fistulosa, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 181. t. 20. fig. 7? p. 252.

a. Portaferry, Ireland, W. Thompson. Presented by G.
Johnston, M.D.

b. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

6. Grantia botryoides.

Spongia botryoides, Ellis and Soland. Zooph. 190. pi. 58. figs. 1-
4 ; copied in Esper , Spong. tab. 61. figs. 1-4; Turt. Gmel. iv.

; / t. Brit . Faun. 2( )9; Stew. mem. ii. 434 ; Bose. Vers ,
iii. 173; Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 89; Lamour. Cor. Flex.
81, Corall. 184 ; Lam. Anim. s. Vert. ii. 382, 2nd edit. ii. 573;
Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 471.

Sp. complicata, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 97. pi. 9. figs. 2, 3;

Gray , Brit. PI. i. 358 ; Grant in Edin. New Phil. Journ. i. 169.
Spongia confervicola, Templeton in Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 470. f. 67-
Scypha botryoides. Gray , Brit. PL i. 357-
Grantia botryoides, Flem. Brit. Anim. 525; Johnst. in Trans.
Newc. Soc. ii. 270; Bellamy's South Devon, 268 ; Johnst. Brit.
Sp. p. 1/9. t. 21. figs. 1-5, p.252.

Calcispongia botryoides, Blainv. Actinol. 531.

a <5* g • Br. Sp. t. Bangor, W. Thompson, Esq. Presented
by G. Johnston, M.D.

h. On slate, Br. Sp. t. 21. f. 3. Holy Island. Presented by
G. Johnston, M.D.

c. d. On slate. Holy Island. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

eff. OnFucus. Berwick Bay. Presented by G. Johnston,
M.D.

g. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

BRITISH SPONGES.

23

7. Grantia nivea.

Spongia nivea, Grrant in Edin. Phil. Journ. xiv. 339 ; and in Edin.
New Phil. Journ. i. 168, and ii. 139. pi. 1. figs. 14-16; copied
in Blainv. Actinol. pi. 94.

Grantia nivea, Flem. Brit. Anim. 525 ; Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 182.
pi. 21. fig. 8, p. 252.

Calcispongia nivea, Blainv. Actinol. 531.
a fy b. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

c. Yar. cristata, Br. Sp. t. 20. f. 6. Mr. M‘Calla. Pre-
sented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Spicula of a, in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

8. Grantia coriacea.

Spongia coriacea, Montagu in Wern. Mem. ii. 116 ; Gray , Brit.

PI. i. 361 ; Flem. Brit. Anim. 526.

Grantia multicavata, Bean MSS.

Grantia coriacea, Johnst. Brit. Sp. p. 183. t. 21. fig. 9, p. 252.
a , b. Br. Sp. t. 21. f. 9. Berwick Bay. Presented by G,
Johnston, M.D.

c. In spirits. Presented by G. Johnston, M.D.

d. Spicula of a , in Canada balsam. Prepared by J. S.
Bowerbank, Esq.

APPENDIX.

Foreign Specimens accidentally introduced into the Fauna.

Spongia prolifera, Solander and Ellis , t. ; Templeton , Mag.

Nat. Hist. ix. 472 ; Johnst. Br. Sp. 170.

Inhab. Belfast, from a ship.

INDEX.

Achilleum, 18
aculeata, Hal., 10
aegagropila, Hal. , 1 1 , 1 2
albescens, Hal., 9
Alcyonium, 1, 2
Amorphozoa, 1
ananas, Sp., 21, 22

Anthelia, 3
areolata, Hal., 19
aurantium, Alcy., 2
aurea, Sp., 15
bacillaris, Sp., 4
Badiaga, 16
botryoides, Sp., 22

bulbosum, Alcy., 14
cserulea, Sp., 8
Calcispongia, 20
calyciformis, Sp., 7
canalium, Sp., 17
cancellata, Sp., 6
carnosa, Hal., 14

24

INDEX.

celata, Clion., 12
cervicornis, Sp., 5
Chaonites, 3, 15
ciliata, Sp., 21
cinerea, Sp., 8, 17
Cliona, 3, 12
coalita, Sp., 13
columbac, Sp., 6
compacta, Sp., 10
compactum, Ale., 14
complicata, Sp., 22
compressa, Sp., 20
coufervicola, Sp., 22
conica, Sp., 16
Conus, Sp., 16
coriacea, Sp., 23
coronata, Sp., 21
Cranium, Alcy., 1
crateriforrais, Sp., 7
crispata, Sp., 7
cristata, Sp., 10
Cnstatella, 16
Cy (ionium, 2 ; Ale., 2
(lichotoma, Sp., 4
digitata, Sp., 5
domuncula, Alcy., 14
Dujardinii, llal., 20
Duseideia, 19
Dysidea, 19
echidnsea, Sp., 5
Ephydatia, 16
fava, Sp., 11
fieiforme, Alev., 15
Ficus, Alcy., 15
tistulosa, Sp., 21, 22 ;

Gran., 22
fluviatilis, Sp., 16
foliacea, Sp., 20
foliascens, Sp., 8
fragilis,Sp.,19;Dus.,19
friabilis, Sp., 17
fruticosa, Sp., 5, 7
Fucorum, Sp., 10
Geodia, 2
globosum, Alcy., 1
Grantia, 20
Grantiadae, 20
Haliclona, 3

Halina, 3
Halisarca, 20
Halispongia, 3
hirsuta, llal., 13
liispida, Sp., 6
Hystrix, Hal., 13
Imperati, Sp., 14
incrustans, Alcy., 11
inflata, Sp., 22
informis, Sp., 9
infundibulii’ormis, Sp.,
7

Johnstonia, Pach., 3
lacunosa, Gran., 21
lacustris, Sp., 17, 18
lajvigata, Sp., 19
lanuginosa, Sp., 5
Lcucalia, 20
Leuconia, 20
licheniformis, Sp., 7
limbata, Sp., 18
lobata, Sp., 18
Lyncuriuin, Alcy., 2
maculans, Hal., 15
mamiilaris, Sp., 14
Mammaria, 15
mammiferis, Sp., 14
major, Bad., 17
,Manon, 3

manus diaboli, Ale., 10
medullare, Alcy., 9
minor, Bad., 17
Montaguii, llal., 6
Mulleri, Cyd., 3
multicavata, Gran., 23
nivea, Sp., 23
oculata, Sp., 45
oculatum, Manon, 4
Pachymatisma, 3
palmata, Sp., 3, 4
panicea, Sp., 9, 11, 21
paniceum, Alcy., 10
papillaris, Sp., 9, 10
papillosa, Dus., 19
papillosum, Alcy., 9
parasitica, Sp., 11
penicilliformis, Teth.,

15

Penicillus, Sp., 14
perlaivis, Sp., 16
pilosa, Sp., 2
plumosa, Sp., 6
Pocillum, Sp., 7
polychotoma, Sp., 4
prolifera, Sp., 19, 23
pulchclla, Sp., 18
pulverulenta, Sp., 9, 22
pulvinata, Sp., 17
ramosa, Sp., 4, 5, 6, 17
ramosum, Alcy., 9
rigida, Sp., 16
saburata, Hal., 11
sanguinea, Sp., 12
Scypha, 3, 20; Sp., 8
semitubulosa, Sp., 6
seriata, Sp., 12
sevosa, llal., 15
simulans, Hal., 8
sphaerica, Teth., 2
Spongia, 1-23
Spongiaires, 1
Spongites, 1
suberea, Sp., 14, 19
suberica, llal., 14
suberosa, Sp., 13, 14
subviride, Alcy., 3
Tethea, 1
Tethium, 1
Tethya, 2
tomentosa, Sp., 10
tomentosum, Alcy., 14
Tragos, 3

tuberosum, Alcy., 14
tubulosa, Sp., 6
tubulosum, Alcy., 10
urceolus, Sp., 20
urens, Sp., 9
urtica, Sp., 9
ventilabriformis, Sp., 7
ventilabrum, Sp., 7
verrucosa, Sp., 2
virgultosa, Sp., 13
xerampelina, Sp., 8
Zetlandica, Sp., 8 ;
Geod., 3.

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