ial ‘ t Beitr ctt hs Maite ANE ANS SAAN Hy > R * Ne! . : BAVied forbes EUV EEACERS OES %} sue ah NaS eee wale Wy Sir ¥ ee Nonsebs ae or a SN aera *. * ePrize yearee) Dayne Ahonen Pitre Peake tan nae Wl de i ts fy bed she tea LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN no.6G - 299 SURVEY The Literature of Arthropods Associated with Alfalfa 1. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) (Homoptera: Aphidae) D. W. DAVIS, Utah State University M. P. NICHOLS - E. J. ARMBRUST Biological Notes No. 87 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY URBANA, ILLINOIS — FEBRUARY, 1974 STATE OF ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION This paper is a contribution of Principal Investigators of the Alfalfa Subproject supported by an International Biological Program (IBP) sponsored grant, NSF Grant No. GB-34718, “The Strategies, Principles, and Tactics of Pest Population and Regulation in Major Crop Eco- systems.” Subproject Director: E. J. Armbrust Principal Investigators: Illinois: E. J. Armbrust and W. G. RugesiInk Utah: D. W. Davis Nebraska: D. G. Hanway and E. A. DickAson New York: R.G.HELGESEN Kentucky: B.C. Pass Virginia: R. L. PrENKOwsSKI California: V.M. STERN The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dr. Mervin Nielson, USDA, ARS, Tucson, Arizona, who loaned us his personal bibliography. The illustratfons used in the cover design of this booklet were provided by Dr. G. F. Knowlton, Utah State University. Distribution of Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Therioaphis maculata Prepared by Post ey and Technical Support Staff Plant Prote nd ntine Programs Animal and Plan 1 tion Service, USDA 25, 1972 The Literature of Arthropods Associated with Alfalfa I. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) (Homoptera: Aphidae) THE ALFALFA ECOSYSTEM is unique among field-crop systems in that it represents a relatively long-lasting, well- established, perennial system that exists nationally over a variety of climatic, geographical, and edaphic condi- tions. Because of these many subsystems, the interactions with other specific agroecosystems or natural systems are equally as varied. Alfalfa supports a wide variety of insects. These include destructive insects, pollinating in- sects, species that inhabit the fields because of the lush habitat but have little effect on the crop, and many other associated predators and parasites. Because of the peren- nial growth habits of alfalfa, many pest and beneficial insect species of other crops overwinter or build up in alfalfa before migrating to neighboring crops systems. Considerable laboratory and field data dealing with chemical, biological, and cultural methods of controlling alfalfa insects are available. These data need to be closely interpreted with respect to their implications for inte- grated control and then applied in integrated pest man- agement programs in the field. The breadth and depth of research on alfalfa insect control and alfalfa produc- tion in general have been sufficiently productive to im- plement some programs now. To facilitate better use of existing literature in devel- oping pest management systems, bibliographies of the key pest species on alfalfa are being prepared in coopera- tion with the Soybean Insect Research and Information Center (SIRIC) at the Illinois Natural History Survey and University of Illinois. SIRIC has developed a set of computer programs for the IBM/360 at the Univer- sity of Illinois, which makes possible the retrieval of liter- ature citations associated with a subject or combination of subjects. The bibliographies of the key alfalfa pests, starting with Therioaphis maculata have been stored on magnetic tape and are retrievable using the SIRIC system. Damage from the spotted alfalfa aphid was first recog- nized in the United States during 1954. When it was first reported, most of the workers believed that it was a form of the yellow clover aphid which had become adapted to alfalfa. Within a couple of years it was found that this was not the case. The spotted alfalfa aphid was apparently a new introduction into the United States from the Near East. The first reports were from New This paper, in the Biological Notes series, is published with special project funds. be D. W. Davis is a Professor of Entomology at Utah Etate Univer- sity. M. P. Nichols is a Research Associate, International Programs and Studies, University of Illinois. Dr. E. J. Armbrust is an Associate Entomol- ogist at the Illinois Natural History Survey and Associate Professor of Ag- ricultural Entomology, Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. D. W. Davis, M. P. Nichols, and E. J. Armbrust Mexico, but it required only a couple of years for the aphid to spread throughout the southwestern part of the United States. Shortly thereafter it was widely distrib- uted through most of the country. It is still considered essentially a warm-climate insect best adapted to the southern tier of states. It has the ability, however, to spread rapidly on wind currents, so by mid- or late season, it often spreads well into the colder areas of the Rocky Mountains and Midwest. The spotted alfalfa aphid is much smaller than the pea aphid and can be readily distinguished both by size and color. It is yellowish with dark spots. It also pro- duces much more honeydew and can usually be recog- nized by the sticky mess. When disturbed, these aphids actively jump from the plants. Summer winged forms are produced in much larger numbers than the pea aphid. Damage to the alfalfa plant is of several types. The possibility of virus transmission has been discussed by several authors, but has never been verified. Many work- ers believe that the aphid is capable of producing a toxin which is injected into the alfalfa plants, helping to pro- duce symptoms. Young plants of susceptible varieties can tolerate very few aphids without being killed. The tre- mendous amounts of honeydew produced have created problems such as clogging of harvesting equipment. Mold growing on this honeydew reduces livestock acceptance of the alfalfa. Stunted plants, poor seed set, and short stand life are typical symptoms. The spotted alfalfa aphid is a one-host-plant aphid. It has a continuous life cycle on alfalfa and normally does not produce sexual forms in the fall. This means that the best survival of the aphid occurs in areas where there is alfalfa growth during the entire year. The adult aphids often crawl down around the base of the plant where they are capable of surviving during the winter unless the climate is too severe. In cold areas, there may be complete mortality. This is the basic reason that the spotted alfalfa aphid is a problem primarily in warmer climates. Starting about 3 years after its initial introduction into the United States, a few sexual forms were noted during the fall of the year. These sexual forms have never become numerous, but they are a pre- lude to egg laying on alfalfa stems. There is evidence that the spotted aphid populations in the northern areas, such as South Dakota and Minnesota, have been gradu- ally selecting for larger numbers of these sexual forms. Even with these fall egg-laying aphids, Medicago spp. remain as the only hosts on which the insect can com- plete its full cycle. Occasional collections have been made from other legumes. The aphids multiply ex- tremely rapidly during the summer, producing a large number of winged forms. These winged forms are car- ried by wind currents very readily and have been picked up at high elevations by aircraft. This summer distribu- tion of winged forms can take place over several hun- dred miles. Control measures have taken three major pathways. The first and probably most important of these has been the development of resistant alfalfa varieties. The resis- tant varieties are tolerant to the toxin of as well as the feeding damage by the aphids. Several very successful parasites have been introduced into the United States and unquestionably these have been instrumental in reducing the spotted alfalfa aphid damage in south- western areas. In addition to the introduction of para- sites, quite a number of the native predators also aid in biological control. The third major approach has been with insecticides. Initially, most of the work involved materials like parathion, but more recent chemical con- trol has centered on the systemic insecticides. An important aspect of the spotted alfalfa aphid biol- ogy is the rapidity in which it develops new biotypes or localized forms. These biotypes have developed in re- sponse both to insecticides and to overcoming the resis- tance of alfalfa varieties. In some of the areas, for example in Arizona, the location of these biotypes has been mapped, but in areas further north, which are reinfested by flights from the south, there has been con- siderable confusion. The aphids, which are blown north- ward to establish annual populations, do not always originate from the same source; thus the type of insec- ticidal resistance varies considerably from year to year. Sources for the entries listed in this bibliography were Index to the Literature of American Economic Entomol- ogy, Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, Science Citation Index, Zoological Record, Agricultural Index, and references cited in the articles. All entries were examined by workers, either at Utah State University or the University of Illinois, except those preceded by the symbol #. The references are listed alphabetically by author(s) and numbered consecutively. A subject table containing the reference numbers appears on page 13. References are arranged according to subject and period of publication. The table is intended as a quick subject index to the references in the bibliography. More in-depth indexing was done for the SIRIC system, and is available to researchers. References to Therioaphis maculata found in the USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 1954—1972 are included as an appendix following the numbered references. Abbreviations and complete titles of the sources which appear in the bibliographic entries are to be found in a listing at the end of the paper. Debra Lissak provided technical assistance, Mary L. Rose and Mr. Raymond A. Kotek typed the manuscript, and O. F. Glissendorf edited it. Their collaboration is gratefully acknowledged. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. ANonyMous. 1956. Control spotted alfalfa aphids with malathion. American Cyanamid Co. Leafl. 14 p. illus. maps. nm _______. 1956. The newest threat to alfalfa; Spotted alfalfa aphid. Utah Agr. Ext. Serv. Leafl. 8. [8 p.] illus. 3. ______. 1959. New Kansas alfalfa resists spotted aphid. Crops Soils Mag. 12(2) :21. illus. 4. . 1961. Field crop varieties for Arizona 1960. Ariz. Coop. Ext. Serv. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. A+. 16 p. illus. maps. 5. _______. 1970. Soybean virus disease vectors. Miss. Agr. Forest. Exp. Sta. Annu. Rep. 83:33. 6. ALLEN, W. A., M. L. Boss, J. M. Grayson, J. E. Ros- ERTS, Sr., W. H. Roprnson, and J. A. Wemuaas. 1972. 1972 Virginia insect control guide. Va. Polytech. Inst. Ext. Div. Contr, Ser. 141. 118 p. illus. maps. 7. ANcALET, G. W. 1970. Population, parasites, and damage of the spotted alfalfa aphid in New Jersey, Delaware, and the eastern shore of Maryland. J. Econ. Entomol. 63(1) :313-315. illus. refs. 8. Baker, W. A. 1955. The yellow clover aphid on alfalfa. Agr. Chem. 10(9) :60, 62, 122-123. 9. Batt, H. J. 1958. The effect of visible spectrum irradi- ation on growth and development in several species of insects. J. Econ Entomol. 51(5): 573-578. illus. refs. 10. Barnes, O. L. 1960. Establishment of imported para- sites of the spotted alfalfa aphid in Arizona. J. Econ. Entomol. 53(6) : 1094-1096. illus. refs. vO Pe 1963. Resistance of Moapa alfalfa to the spotted alfalfa aphid in commercial-size fields in south- central Arizona. J. Econ. Entomol. 56(1):84-85. illus. refs. 12. Barttett, B. R. 1958. Laboratory studies on selective aphicides favoring natural enemies of the spotted alfalfa aphid. J. Econ. Entomol. 51(3) :374-378. illus. refs. #13. Beratier, Z. P. 1969. Combaterea microbiologica a insectelor daunatoare din agricultura. Probl. Agr. 21 (10) :65-76. 14. Breperporr, G. A., and D. E. Bryan. 1956. Research on the spotted alfalfa aphid. Okla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. B- 469. 12 p. illus. refs. 15. , and . 1956. The spotted alfalfa aphid and possible control. Seed World 79(2):15-16. 16. Bisoopr, J. L., and C. C. Burkuarpt. 1959. Effects of malathion and parathion on ejection of young from gravid female spotted alfalfa aphids. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 32(1) :35-36. illus. refs. Ne fates _, and . 1959. Seed treatment with sys- temic insecticides for control of spotted alfalfa aphids under Kansas conditions. J. Econ. Entomol. 52(4): 714-719. illus. refs. 18. ____, and D. Crocxerr. 1961. The spotted alfalfa aphid in Virginia. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 153. 22 p. illus. refs. 19. BurkHarpt, C. C. 1957. Chemical control of the spotted alfalfa aphid. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 12:72-73. 20. ___. 1959. Effects of heavy fall infestations of ire #21. 22. #23. 24. 25. 26. Pil: 28. 20: 30. #31. Oa. 33. 34, BD. 36. Bu: 38. a1. 42. spotted alfalfa aphids on subsequent spring growth of alfalfa in Kansas. J. Econ. Entomol. 52(4) :642-643. illus. refs. —_______, and D. E. Gares. 1956. Control of spotted alfalfa aphid and pea aphid in alfalfa. Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mimeo. Ser. Butter, G. D., Jr. 1968. Sugar for the survival of Lygus hesperus on alfalfa. J. Econ. Entomol. 61(3) :854-855. illus. refs. Causte, F. 1956. Spotted aphids must go. ADM Archer 9(6) 28-29. Crausen, CG. P. 1955. Yellow clover aphid on alfalfa — biological control. Calif. Agr. 9(7) :4. Conran, M. S., and J. T. Meprer. 1965. The spotted alfalfa aphid in Wisconsin. J. Econ. Entomol. 58(1): 180-181. illus. refs. Craic, W. S., J. L. Huccans, L. L. Perers, and G. W. Tuomas. 1972. 1972 Missouri insect control recommen- dations for use in 1972 only. Univ. Mo. Coop. Ext. Serv. Handb. 153 p. illus. Dantets, N. E. 1956. Studies on the control of the spotted alfalfa aphid in the Texas Panhandle. Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Progr. Rep. 1908. 4 p. illus. refs. Davis, CG. S., et al. 1957. The spotted alfalfa aphid and its control in California. Calif. Agr. Ext. Serv. Manu- script. 44 p. illus. refs. maps. Davis, D. W. 1955. The yellow clover aphid and its relation to the bee industry. Utah Agr. Exp. Sta. Mimeo. Ser. 418. 3 p. Deat, A. S., R. C. Dickson, and H. T. Reynoxps. 1954. Yellow clover aphid in state. Calif. Agr. 8(9) :5. illus. DeBacu, P. 1969. Uniparental, sibling and semi-species in relation to taxonomy and biological control. Israel J. Entomol. 4(1) :11-28. Dennis, R. E., et al. 1961. Alfalfa for forage production in Arizona. Ariz. Coop. Ext. Serv. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. A-16. 36 p. illus. maps. ________. 1966. Alfalfa for forage production in Ari- zona. Ariz. Coop. Ext. Serv. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. A-16 (Rev.). 40 p. illus. maps. DePew, L. J. 1961. Field tests with insecticides to con- trol spotted alfalfa aphid in southwestern Kansas, 1955- 1960. J. Econ. Entomol. 54(6) : 1144-1147. illus. refs. Dickson, R. C. 1959. Aphid dispersal over southern California deserts. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 52(4): 368-372. illus. refs. . 1959. On the identity of the spotted alfalfa aphid in North America. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 52(1) :63-68. illus. refs. —_—_____, E. F. Lamp, Jr., and M. M. Johnson. 1958. Sexuales and eggs of the spotted alfalfa aphid. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 51 (4) :346-350. illus. refs. , and G. R. Presuo. 1955. The spotted alfalfa aphid. (Yellow clover aphid on alfalfa). Hilgardia 24(5) :93-118. illus. refs. —_______, and H. T. Reynolds. 1955. The spotted al- falfa aphid can damage your alfalfa crop. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ext. Serv. Leafl. 52. [6 p.] illus. a ang) =, 1955. Yellow clover aphid ‘on alfalfa. Calif. Agr. 9(7) :4, 15. illus. , and L. M. Russexv. 1956. The spotted alfalfa aphid and related species. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. En- tomol. (Montreal) 1:327. Drent, S. G., and R. M. Crarrers. 1956. Studies on the mechanics of feeding of the spotted alfalfa aphid on alfalfa. J. Econ. Entomol. 49(5) :589-591. illus. refs. 43. 44. 46. ST 48. 49! 52. . FINNEY, Drerricx, E. J., E. I. Scuiincer, and M. J. Garner. 1960. Vacuum cleaner principle applied in sampling insect populations in alfalfa fields by new machine methods. Calif. Agr. 14(1):9-11. illus. , and R. van pEN Boscn. 1959. A new method for sampling arthropods using a suction collecting machine and modified Berlese funnel sepa- rator. J. Econ. Entomol. 52(6):1085-1091. illus. refs. . Dosson, R. C. 1958. The effect of spotted alfalfa aphid protection by systemic insecticides and varieties on al- falfa production the year following seedling protection. J. Econ. Entomol. 51(4) :457-458. illus. refs. —________. 1958. Granulated systemic insecticides on established stands of alfalfa for control of the spotted alfalfa aphid. J. Econ. Entomol. 51(2):122-125. illus. refs. —_______, and J. G. Warrs. 1957. Spotted alfalfa aphid occurrence on seedling alfalfa as influenced by systemic insecticides and varieties. J. Econ. Entomol. 50(2) :132- 135. illus. Doccrr, J. R., and T. G. Bowery. 1958. A study of residues of some commonly used insecticides on alfalfa. J. Econ. Entomol. 51(3) :392-394. illus. refs. Essic, E. O., R. GC. Dicxson, R. F. Smiru, and J. E. Swirr. 1955. The spotted alfalfa aphid and other com- mon aphids found in alfalfa and clovers in California. Calif. Agr. Ext. Serv. Iden. Sheet. 3 p. illus. . Fenton, F. A., and D. E. Howett. 1957. A comparison of five methods of sampling alfalfa fields for arthropod populations. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 50(6) :606-611. illus. refs. G. L., B. Purrier, and L. Dawson. 1960. Rearing of three spotted alfalfa aphid hymenopterous parasites for mass release. J. Econ. Entomol. 53(4) :655- 659. refs. Force, D. C., and P. S. Messrencrr. 1964. Duration of development, generation time, and longevity of three hymenopterous parasites of Therioaphis maculata, reared at various constant temperatures. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 57 (4) :405-413. illus. refs. er ere nd . 1964. Fecundity, reproductive rates, and innate capacity for increase of three parasites of Therioaphis maculata (Buckton). Ecology 45(4) :706- 715. illus. refs. , and . 1965. Laboratory studies on competition among three parasites of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata (Buckton). Ecology 46(6) : 853-859. illus. refs. er and . 1968. The use of laboratory studies of three hymenopterous parasites to evaluate their field potential. J. Econ. Entomol. 61(5) :1374-1378. illus. refs. . Franz, J. 1958. Bibliographie iiber biologische Bekimp- fung. Bibliographie concernant la lutte biologique. Bibli- ography of biological control. III. Entomophaga 3(4): 333-364. refs. . Grorcuiou, G. P. 1963. Comparative susceptibility to insecticides of two green peach aphid populations, col- lected 16 years apart. J. Econ. Entomol. 56(5) :655-657. illus. refs. 58. Gooparzy, K. 1957. Biology of the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) in Utah with emphasis on its predators and parasites. Ph.D. Diss., Utah State University. 74 p. illus. refs. = , and D. W. Davis. 1958. Natural enemies of the spotted alfalfa aphid in Utah. J. Econ. Entomol. 51(5) :612-616. illus. refs. 60. #61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. ~! rho 80. 4. Hanson, C. H. . Harpaz, I. . Harper, A. M., 78. Harper, R. W. . Harvey, T. L., GranaM, H. M. 1959. Effects of temperature and hu- midity on the biology of Therioaphis maculata (Buck- ton). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 16(2):47-80. illus. refs. Graumann, H. O. 1956. Breeding for spotted alfalfa aphid resistance. S. Pasture Forage Crop Improv. Conf. Rep. 13:21-22. Gross, C. 1957. Alfalfa attacks aphids. Farm Manage. 6(7) :30-31. illus. Hacxkerott, H. L., and T. L. Harvey. 1959. Effect of temperature on spotted alfalfa aphid reaction to resis- tance in alfalfa. J. Econ. Entomol. 52(5) :949-953. illus. refs. , E. L. Sorensen, and R. H. PamnTER. 1958. Varietal differences in survival of alfalfa seedlings infested with spotted alfalfa aphids. Agron. J. 50(3) : 139-141. illus. refs. , E. L. Sorensen, T. L. Harvey, E. E. Orr- MAN, and R. H. Panter. 1963. Reactions of alfalfa varieties to pea aphids in the field and greenhouse. Crop Sci. 3(4) : 298-301. illus. refs. Hacen, K. S., J. K. Hottoway, F. E. Skinner, and G, L. Finney. 1958. Aphid parasites established. Calif. Agr. 12(2):3, 15. maps. —_______, and R. F. Smirn. 1958. Chemical and bio- logical methods of pest control. Agr. Chem. 13(7) :30- 32, 89-92. illus. refs. . Hatt, I. M., and E. J. Drerrick. 1955. Fungi on spotted alfalfa aphid. Calif. Agr. 9(12):5, 16. illus. —______, and P. H. Dunn. 1957. Entomophthorous fungi parasitic on the spotted alfalfa aphid. Hilgardia 27(4):159-181. illus. refs. , and . 1957. Fungi on spotted alfalfa aphid. Calif. Agr. 11(2) :5, 14. illus. , and . 1958. Artificial dissemination of entomophthorous fungi pathogenic to the spotted alfalfa aphid in California. J. Econ. Entomol. 51(3) :341-344. illus. refs. , and . 1959. The effect of certain in- secticides and fungicides on fungi pathogenic to the spotted alfalfa aphid. J. Econ. Entomol. 52(1) :28-29. illus. refs. —________, and J. CG. Hatrumr. 1959. The germination of resting spores of Entomophthora virulenta Hall and Dunn. J. Econ. Entomol. 52(1):30-35. illus. refs. 1961. Moapa alfalfa pays off. Crops Soils Mag. 13(7) : 11-12. illus. . 1969. Registration of alfalfa germplasm. Jn: Registration of selected germplasm. Crop Sci. 9(4) :526- 527, illus. refs. 1955. Bionomics of Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) in Israel. J. Econ. Entomol. 48(6) : 668-671. illus. refs. and C. E. Litty. 1966. Effects of the pea aphid on alfalfa in southern Alberta. J. Econ. En- tomol. 59(6) : 1426-1427. illus. refs. 1956, Spotted alfalfa aphid. Agr. Chem. ) :44-45, 133. illus. and H. L. 11(6 Hackerorr. 1956, Apparent resistance to the spotted alfalfa aphid selected from seedlings of susceptible alfalfa varieties. J. Econ. En- tomol. 49(3) : 289-291. illus. refs. , and 1958. reaction and injury to resistant clones reciprocally grafted. J. 760-762. illus. refs. Spotted alfalfa aphid and susceptible alfalfa Econ. Entomol. 51(6): 81. 82. 83. 84. #85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. DE = 98. 99 SDELUBERW IR noe . Isaak, A. . Jones, B. F., E. E. L. Sorensen, R. H. Parner, EB. E: OrtMan, and D. C. Peters. 1960. The develop- ment and performance of Cody alfalfa, a spotted alfalfa aphid resistant variety. Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 114. 27 p. illus. refs. maps. Hirite Ris Lameers, D., and R. van pen Boscu. 1964. On the genus Therioaphis Walker, 1870, with descrip- tions of new species (Homoptera, Aphididae). Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Natuur. Hist. Leiden 68. 47 p. refs. Hintz, S. D. 1964. Correlation between insect popula- tions, damage and yield for the spotted alfalfa aphid. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 19:35-37. refs. . 1966. The effect of photoperiod on Therio- aphis maculata. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Sec. Amer. 21:132-133. refs. Howe, W. L. 1957. Selection and testing for resistance in alfalfa to the spotted alfalfa aphid (Thertoaphis macu- lata). Proc. Forage Insect Res. Conf. 7:12-13. . 1958. Entomological problems associated with breeding alfalfa for resistance to the spotted alfalfa aphid. Rep. Alfalfa _Impr. Conf. 16:99-103. illus. refs. W. R. Kenr, and C. O. Carxrs. 1965. Ap- praisal for combined pea aphid and spotted alfalfa aphid resistance in alfalfa. Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 221.31 p.-illus. refs. , M. E. McKnicurt, and G. R. Man- cuirz. 1963. Studies of the mechanisms and sources of spotted alfalfa aphid resistance in Ranger alfalfa. Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 210. 22 p. illus. refs. maps. —______, and G. R. 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Qual. 1(1) :28- 34. illus. refs. Resistant plants. Calif. Agr. 9(7) :5. AES: mee Aphid resistant alfalfa plants. Calif. Agr. 10(7) :3. illus. , and J. A. McMurtry. 1959. Indications of biotypes of the spotted alfalfa aphid. Agron. J. 51(7): 430-431. illus. refs. . Srary, P. 1964. The foci of aphid parasites (Hymenop- tera, Aphidiidae) in nature. Ekol. Pol. Ser. A. 12(30): 529-554. illus. refs. . 1968. The creation of artificial foci of para- sites —A new method Ss, aphid parasite release. Acta Entomol. Bohemosloy. 65(1) :76-77. refs. SS. 1968. Population dynamics of alfalfa pest aphids (Hom., Aphidoidea) in Czechoslovakia. Boll. Lab. Entomol. Agr. ‘Filippo Silvestri’? 26:271-292. illus. refs. maps. Stern, V. M. 1961. Further studies of integrated control methods against the Egyptian alfalfa weevil in Cali- fornia. J. Econ. Entomol. 54(1):50-55. illus. refs. a 1962. Increased resistance to organophos- phorus insecticides in the parthenogenetic spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata, in California. J. Econ. Entomol. 55(6) :900-904. illus. refs. 5 cual Tel, Wie ee 1957. Aphid resistance 1(2):4, 14. illus. to parathion. Calif. Agr. 1 SS sano - 1957. Developments in chemi- cal control of the spotted alfalfa aphid in California, 1955-56. J. Econ. Entomol. 50(6):817-821. illus. refs. = andy 1958. Resistance of the spotted alfalfa aphid to certain organophosphorus insecticides in 234. 236. Zone 238. 239. wed ls 243. 2 LOBAS Een kdus Ge Tborerters 1D), Ty trol it. U.S S. Dep. Agr. Leafl. 422 southern California. J. Econ. Entomol. 51(3):312-316. illus. refs. , R. F. Sairn, R. van pen Boscu, and K. S. Hacan. 1959. The integration of chemical and bio- logical control of the spotted alfalfa aphid. The inte- grated control concept. Hilgardia 29(2):81-101. illus. refs. maps. , and R. van DEN Boscu. 1959. The integra- tion of chemical and biological control of the spotted alfalfa aphid. Part II. Field experiments on the effects of insecticides. Hilgardia 29(2):103-130. illus. refs. maps. ; and D. Born. 1958. New control for alfalfa aphid. Calif. Agr. 12(1) :4-5, 13. illus. , and W. R. Bowen. 1962. Candi- date materials to replace heptachlor as a selective con- trol for the Egyptian alfalfa weevil in southem Cali- fornia. J. Econ. Entomol. 55(5):713-718. illus. refs. , and H. T. Reynotps. 1960. Effects of Dylox and other insecticides on entomophagous in- sects attacking field crop pests in California. J. Econ. Entomol. 53(1) : 67-72. illus. refs. Tamaky, G., J. E. Hatrurr, and J. C. Marrien. 1969. The influence of UC-21149 and the aphidiid parasite Aphidius smithi on populations of the pea aphid. J. Econ. Entomol. 62(3) :678-682. illus. refs. . Tanasryevic, N., and V. F. Eastop. 1963. Aphid records from Yugoslavia. Entomologist 96/1206) : 265-269. refs. Tuorzon, G. 1970. Spécificité du parasitisme des aphides par les entomophthorales. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 6(3): 517-562. illus. refs. . Tuomas, J. G., and E. L. Sorensen. 1971. Effect of excision duration on spotted alfalfa aphid resistance in alfalfa cuttings. J. Econ. Entomol. 64(3):700-704. illus. refs. , and R. H. Painter. 1966. Attached vs. excised trifoliolates for evaluation of resistance in alfalfa to the spotted alfalfa aphid. J. Econ. Entomol. 59(2) :444-448. illus. refs. J. D. Pascuxe, and S. FrrepMan. 1967. Crowding as the primary factor in the production of the agamic alate form of Therioaphis maculata (Homop- tera: Aphididae). J. Insect Physiol. 13(3) :381-396. illus. refs. 1956. The spotted alfalfa aphid. (A progress report). Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mimeo. Rep. 131. 3 p. illus. , O. L. Barnes, M. W. Nretson, V. D. Rorn, and M. H. Scronnorst. 1958. The spotted alfalfa aphid in Arizona. Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 294. 11 p. illus. —____, and G. D. Butter, Jr. 1954. The yellow clover aphid — A new alfalfa pest in the Southwest. J. Econ. Entomol. 47 (6) :1157. illus. refs. . University oF ArIzONA CoopEeRATIVE EXTENSION SER- vice and AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT Station. 1971/ 1972. Insect control in alfalfa and bermudagrass 1971— 72. Ariz. Coop. Ext. Serv. Agr. Exp. Sta. Fold. 147. 9 2 p. . USDA. 1955. The yellow clover aphid on alfalfa. U.S. Dep. Agr. ARS-33-11. 6 p. ____.. 1957. The spotted alfalfa aphid. U.S Agr . ARS 22-39. 8 p. illus. maps. 1957. The spotted alfalfa aphid. How to con- . 8 p. illus. 1959. The spotted alfalfa aphid. How to con- trol it. U.S. Dep. Agr. Leafl. 422 (Rev.). 8 p. illus. . Dep. 256. P57. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. ________. 1965. The spotted alfalfa aphid. How to con- trol it. U.S. Dep. Agr. Leafl. 422 (Rev.). 8 p. illus. _______. 1968. The spotted alfalfa aphid. How to con- trol it. U.S. Dep. Agr. Leafl. 422 (Rev.). 8 p. illus. . USDA Acricu_ruRAL ResrarcH SERVICE AND Forest Service. 1967. Suggested guide for the use of insecticides to control insects affecting crops, livestock, households, stored products, forests, and forest products — 1967. USS. Dep. Agr. Agr. Handb. 331. 273 p. . 1968. Suggested guide for the use of insecti- cides to control insects affecting crops, livestock, house- holds, stored products, forests, and forest products — 1968. U.S. Dep. Agr. Agr. Handb. 331 (Rev.). 273 p. VAN DEN Boscu, R. 1956. Parasites of alfalfa aphid. Calif. Agr. 10(10): 7, 15. illus. 1957. The spotted alfalfa aphid and its para- sites in the Mediterranean region, Middle East, and East Africa. J. Econ. Entomol. 50(3) :352-356. refs. _______, H. T. Reywnotps, and E. J. Dietrick. 1956. Toxicity of widely used insecticides to beneficial insects in California cotton and alfalfa fields. J. Econ. Entomol. 49(3) :359-363. illus. refs. —_____, E. I. Scuuincer, and E. J. Drerricx. 1957. Imported parasites established. Calif. Agr. 11(7):11-12. maps. K. S. Hacen, and J. K. Hottoway. 1959. The colonization and establishment of imported parasites of the spotted alfalfa aphid in Cali- fornia. J. Econ. Entomol. 52(1):136-141. illus. refs. maps. eee et , and J. M. Hart. 1959. The role of imported parasites in the biological control of the spotted alfalfa aphid in southern California in 1957. J. Econ. Entomol. 52(1) : 142-154. illus. refs. , J. GC. Hart, and B. Purrier. 1964. Studies on succession, distribution, and phenology of imported parasites of T herioaphis trifolii (Monell) in southern California. Ecology 45(3) :602- 621. illus. refs. maps. —_______, and V. M. Stern. 1962. The integration of chemical and biological control of arthropod pests. Annu. Rey. Entomol. 7:367-386. refs. - Warren, L. O., H. P. Botes, J. E. Roperrs, and C. Livcotn. 1956, The spotted alfalfa aphid. Arkansas Farm Res. 5(2) :4. maps. Wecorek, W., and T. Grera. 1968. Virus diseases transmission of legume forage plants of aphids. (In Polish-English summary). Pr. Nauk. Inst. Ochr. Rosl. 10(2) :29-51. illus. refs. , and M. Ruszxtewicz. 1968. Investigations upon the aphids fauna of legume forage plants. (In Polish-English summary). Pr. Nauk. Inst. Ochr. Rosl. 10(2) :7-27. illus. refs. maps. Witson, M. L., B. A. Merron, and C. E. Warson. 1959. Zia alfalfa. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 435. 14 p. illus. Younc, W. R., and R. A. Papmra. 1957. The spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis (Pterocallidium) maculata (Buckton) in Mexico. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 3(3) : 31-32. ZeTTLER, F. W. 1967. Winged aphids caught on traps in bean fields in central New York. J. Econ. Entomol. 60(5) :1320-1323. illus. refs. _______, and R. E. Wixrnson. 1965. Intraseasonal abundance of aphid species trapped in an area where spread of bean common mosaic virus occurs. Phyto- pathology 55(10) : 1085. Appendix — USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Reports 1954. Vol. 4(24) :504; (25) :534; (26 1955. Ui 1958. 1959. 1960. . Vol. 6(1):3, 11, ) 25705 (27) :596; (29): (34) :784; (37) :848; (42): ):965; (48):1041; (50) :1079; 653; (30) :685; (31):714; 933; (43):959; (44 (51) =1097. Wolo Gl) 30 (2)) 32555 (4) 16s 1((5))/-9079((6))-1072 US (8) 535 lO) 86s. (yi 2235° (0) 250; 21S alas) 2 les (1) eSlibso 207 CLO) ooos (19) :405; (20) :429; (21):356, 456; (22):483, 500; (23):510; (24) :539; (25) :569; (26) :594, 612; (27): 621, 622; (28):647; (29):673, 674; (30):707; (31): 737; (33):793; (35):839; (36):861; (37) :884, 903, 904; (41):957; (42):974; (43):987, 997; (44) :1004, 1005; (45):1026, 1027; (46):1032, 1033; (47):1049, 1054; (48):1070; (49):1081; (50):1093; (51):1111, 1113, 1114, 1116. 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Vols A)35 a(2)icWla: 1928 ((3)) 251 536,0 36. 40: (5):75, 79, 80, 82; (6):93, 97, 98, 101, 103, 104; oi 113, 116; (8):141, 145, 146; (9) 3153, 158, 161, GOS t7 Le (Ui) 91 OP SOs LD) Outs 217; lin: 231, 238, 240, 241; (14):251; (15) :269; (16) :304, a (17) :320; (19) :337, 353; (20) :394; (21) :406; (22): 418; (23) :437, 452; (24) :462; (25):486, 498; (26): 506, 521; (27):530; (29):570; (30) :596; (31): ae 630; (32) :638; ayeat 675; (34) :681, 696; (35 (4 (4)):55; be a: 704; (36): 723; 37):741; (38):756, 764; (39) : res, 775; cat 791, A (41) :809, 817; (42) :824; (43): 837; (44): 848; (45) 860, 865; (46):874; (47) :887, st 90754(51))/292959(52) 5941" Bsn (3) 2ose (a Nes (9725 (9) :144; A 0):165; (11):185; ) :294; (17) :318; ):447; (23) :479; )i16075' (29) 630; ):715; (34) :738; ) (39) ) ee 890; (48) :895; (4 Vol. 8(1) :3; (2) 21 89; (7) :104; L 2210; 339; eDODs 7650; :758; 7813; 7831; 1847; :891; 3928; :963; (49) :980; (50) :993; (5 Cle He 6 09 RO RIE BHD w~ SF OI eae ~ = SC Oe 4 et a ae So BO 09 PO ~~ ou9oue roo SS OD om (32):747; (33):774; (34):796; (35):820; (36): ; (37) :863; (38) :886; (3 ) :910: (40) :926; (41): 946; (42):962; (43):986; (44):1016; (45) : 1031; (46) 1043; (47):1055; (48):1085; (50):1106; (52): 1129. 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Vol: LE(L) e335 (2) abs a(S) sole: 48s) (4) S5ise(S) 675 (7) :99; (8):119; (9) :143; (10) :169; (11):197; (12): = Co STIROES 1 1 2 2 1967. 1968. 1969. 1970. 1971. 1972. 217; (13):237; (14):273; (15):301; (16) :3335 (47) 357; (18) :381; (19) :405; (20) :427; (21):450; (22): 478; (23) 506; (24) :536; (25) :568; (26):600; (27): 628; (28) :664; (29) :692; ak 720; (31):748; (32): Hie (223) 6 800: (34) :828; (35) :856; (36) :875; (37): 899; (38):915; (39) :935; (40):955; (41):971; (42): 987; (43) 1011; (44) 1027; (45) :1043; (46) : 1063; (47) :1079; (49) :1113; (51): oe (52) :1155. Vol. 17(1) <3; (2)215; ((3)229; (4))239suiaeee (6): Ticino: (8): le Ghats (10): 15 515. (4 1): (12) 21975 (15) 22075) (14):2415 (15) e275: {16) 3088 (17) :339; (18):359; (19) :379; (20) :403: (21) :435 (22) :456; (23):477; (24):502; (25):530; (26) :558 (27) :586; (28):614; (29):642; (30):667; (31) :696; (32):726; (33):754; (34):782; (35):806; (36) :829; (37) :848; (38):871; (39):889; (40):905; (41) :921; (42) :941; eek 955; (44):969; (45) :985; (46) :1011; (47): 1023; (48): 1031; (49) :1043; (50):1053; (51): 1065; (52): 1081. Vol. 18(2):13; (3):32; (4):35; (5) 51; (6):65s. (7 75; (8) :91, 97, 103; (10):149; (11) :181; (12) :206; (13) :233; (14):254; (15):273; (16) :305; (17): 326; (18) :353; (19) :382; (20) :410, 411; (21) :434: (22): 462: (23):486; (24):510, 533; (25):542; (26) :574; (27) :605; (30) :690; (31) :722; (32) : 755; ):832; (36) :856; (37) :876; ):895; (39):917; (40):941; (41) :957; (42):977; (43):999; (44):1031; (45):1045; (46): 1061; (47):1073; (48):1083; (49):1095; (50):1111; (51) :1137; (52) :1147. Vol. 19(1 ): 3; (2) 2195 107; (10): 2):191; (28) :630; (29) :662; (33) :782; (34):808; (35 (38 (4) 41; (5) 257; (13) :211; (1 :290; (18) :305; (2 1394; (24) :422; (2 3 3 + 4 7; (6): 69; (8): } : 2516; (29): 540; ( | 4 0 :658; (35) :678; 777s (42) :789; 7833; (47) :845; :905. (4) :39; (6):61; (7):69; 14s S. (Uh) )s 15529 (2) dizi ee ebseea ee 191; 234; (16):245, 254; (18):293; (19) :309; (28) : 472; (30) : HL2Sa(SI) ie 532: (32) :553; he 5775 (34) :604; (35) :621; (36) :638, 648; (37) :65 3) (35) 670; (39): 683; (4 1): 709; (42):719; (43): ne (44): 745: (45) :757; a 771; EAE 781; (48) :789: (49): 797; (50) :823; (51): 831: (52) :839. Wola 2 (d))Ssaiisecs (4): 31; (5) 243; (6):S# oe (9) :97; (10):109; (11):131, 140, 141; ):185, 187; (14):209; (15) :231; ):292; (18) :307; (19) :319; (20): ) 3372; ; (24) :408; ) ) 4¢ 5 1 7 3 8 50) :873; Vol. Perey iss (9) :113, 2562; (33):582; (35) :614; :679; (40):693; (41):705; 9- 53): 714g Hoke ):41; (8):59; (9):77; 5; (13):163; (14) :189; ; (18):251; (20) :277; (21): eS (2G)is 404: (27): 429: ( : (31) :495, 496; (32):519; (33): (35): 574; (36) :598; (37): 611, (39) :657; (41) :693; Se 2) :709; (43): (45) :749; (49-52) :7 (38) 2668 G14: (3 8). 634; 721; (44) 737; ( & , ): M6. : (21): )s ie iE 853: (49): _ TAXONOMY TABLE OF REFERENCES BY SUBJECT AND PERIOD OF PUBLICATION 1950-1954 1955-1959 1960-1964 1965-1969 PHYSIOLOGY & MORPHOLOGY oe 9,36,37,49, 132,134 - 18,82,135,136 1 es 22,108,111,141,186 197,202 LIFE HISTORY & BIOLOGY BEHAVIOR 8,14,15,28,37,38,40,42, 58,60,63,76, 78,149,151, 165,166,177,178,225, 245,246 18,53,83,128,130,138, 139,175,213,263 25,84,87,114,129,137, 141,201 ,228,254,270 153,155,158,195,197, 198,202 9,42,60,132,134,146,172, 173,176 102,127,135,138,144,150 84,105,110,123,199,200, 201,244 ECOLOGY 67,151,163,181,234 139,150,264 140,199, 200,244,267 120,197 DISTRIBUTION HOST PLANTS 1,8,28,35,38,41,115,119 121,149,162,164,172,188, 208,217,246,249,250,258 25,93,114,118,137,201, 270 14,15,38,177,251 TRAPPING & SAMPLING 28,35,44,50, 147,246,262 ECONOMIC ROLE & DAMAGE 8,14,15,20,29,38,40,80, 115,116,117,119,121,122, 148, 165, 166,171,173, 174,178,179,193,208, 215,220,245,249,251,252, 265,269 11,18,32,74,83,144 33,77,87,99,253,254 7,103,143,195 DISEASE TRANSMISSION 266,271 PARASITES & PREDATORS 12,14,15,24,28,38,56,58, 59,62,66,67,119,145, 154, 165,204,211,214,218, 219,246,250,257,258, 260,261,262 10,18,51,52,53,98,139, 142,152,159,203,205, 206,207,212,226,229, 240,263,264 54,55,118,131,133,140, 141,160,182,185,186, 227,239,254,267 7,221,241 NONINSECTICIDAL CONTROL METHODS INSECTICIDAL CONTROL METHODS INCLUDING TOXICOLOGY 28,62,68,69,70,71,72,73, 246 18,98,203 2,12,14,15,16,17,19,20, 27,39,45,46,47,48,67,78, 165,166,167,178,183,184, 188,189,190,191,194,219, 231,232,233,234,235,236, 246,251,259 18,34,57,159, 187,192, 230,237,238,264 254,255,256 6,26,100, 125,180,248, 253 PLANT RESISTANCE 3,14,45,47,63,64,79,80, 85,86,91,92,132,151,168, 169,176,177,208,215, 216,223,224,246,268 4,11,18,65,74,81,88,89, 90,95,96,102,112,126, 127,161,170,175,196 75,87,97,99,101,104, 105,110,111,123,124, 156,157,200,210,243 94,103, 106,107,109,120, 153,155,158,195,222,242 PERIODICAL ABBREVIATIONS Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. — Acta Entomologica Bohemoslo- vaca. Agr. Chem. — Agricultural Chemicals. Agr. Tec. Mex. — Agricultura Tecnica en Mexico. Agron. J. — Agronomy Journal. American Cyanamid Co. Leafl.— American Cyanamid Com- pany Leaflet. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. — Annals of the Entomological So- ciety of America. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. — Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Annu. Rev. Entomol. — Annual Review of Entomology. Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin. Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mimeo. Rep. — Arizona Agricultural Exper- iment Station Mimeographed Report. Ariz. Coop. Ext. Serv. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Arizona Coopera- tive Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin. Ariz. Coop. Ext. Serv. Agr. Exp. Sta. Fold. — Arizona Coopera- tive Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station Folder. Arkansas Farm Res. — Arkansas Farm Research. Biul. Inst. Ochr. Rosl. — Biuletyn Instytutu Ochrony Roslin. Boll. Lab. Entomol. Agr. ‘Filippo Silvestri’ — Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. — Bulletin of the Brooklyn En- tomological Society. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. — Bulletin of the Entomological So- ciety of America. Calif. Agr. — California Agriculture. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ext. Serv. Leafl. — California Agricultural Experiment Station Extension Service Leaflet. Galif. Agr. Ext. Serv. Iden. Sheet — California Agricultural Ex- tension Service Identification Sheet. Calif. Agr. Ext. Serv. Manuscript — California Agricultural Ex- tension Service Manuscript. Calif. Dep. Agr. Quart. Bull. — California Department of Agri- culture Quarterly Bulletin. Can. Entomol. — Canadian Entomologist. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. Tech. Bull. — Technical Bulletin of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. Crop Sci. — Crop Science. Crops Soils Mag. — Crops and Soils Magazine. Ekol. Pol. Ser. A. — Ekologia Polska-Seria A. Entomol. Rev. — Entomological Review. Environ. Entomol. — Environmental Entomology. Farm Manage. — Farm Management. Folia Entomol. Mex. — Folia Entomologica Mexicana. Indian Agr. — Indian Agriculturist. Indian J. Entomol. — Indian Journal of Entomology. Israel J. Entomol. — Israel Journal of Entomology. J. Econ. Entomol. — Journal of Economic Entomology. J. Environ. Qual. — Journal of Environmental Quality. J. Insect Physiol. — Journal of Insect Physiology. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. — Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta. Mimeo. Ser. — Kansas Agricultural Exper- iment Station Mimeograph Series. Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. — Kansas Agricultural Exper- iment Station Technical Bulletin. Mex. Secr. Agr. Ganad. Ofic. Estud. Espec. Foll. Tec. — Mexico Secretaria de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Oficina de Estudios Especiales, Folleto Tecnico. Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Amer. — Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America. Miss. Agr. Forest. Exp. Sta. Annu. Rep. — Mississippi Agricul- tural and Forestry Experiment Station Annual Report. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. Berlin-Dahlem — 14 . Mitteilungen aus der biologischen Bundesanstalt fuer Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem. Mont. State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. Leafl. Montana State) University Cooperative Extension Service Leaflet. k N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — New Mexico Agricultural Ex= periment Station Bulletin. Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. — Nebraska Agricultural Experimeni Station Bulletin. 7 Nebr. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. — Nebraska Agricultural Exper- iment Station Research Bulletin. i Nev. Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ.— Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station Circular. Okla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.— Oklahoma Agricultural Experi- ment Station Bulletin. : ' Okla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Processed Ser.— Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Processed Series. i Pr. Nauk. Inst. Ochr. Ros]. — Prace Naukowe Instytutu Och-— rony Roslin. : Probl. Agr. — Probleme Agricole. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Entomol. (Montreal) — Proceedings of - the 10th International Congress of Entomology (Montreal). Proc. 12th Int. Congr. Entomol. (London) — Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Entomology (London).— Proc. Forage Insect Res. Conf.— Proceedings of the Forage” Insect Research Conference. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. — Proceedings of the Indiana Acad- emy of Science. Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. — Proceedings of the North Central Branch, Entomological Society of America. Progr. Agr. Ariz. — Progressive Agriculture in Arizona. Rep. Alfalfa Impr. Conf. — Report of the Alfalfa Improvement Conference. S. Dak. State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. Handb. — South Dakota State University Cooperative Extension Service Handbook. S. Pasture Forage Crop Improv. Conf. Rep. — Southern Pasture and Forage Crop Improvement Conference Report. Tex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Progr. Rep. — Texas Agricultural Experi- ment Station Progress Report. U.S. Dep. Agr. Agr. Handb. — United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook. U.S. Dep. Agr. Agr. Res. Serv. Prod. Res. Rep. — United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Production Research Report. U.S. Dep. Agr. ARS 22-— United States Department of Agri- culture, Agricultural Research Service +22 Series. U.S. Dep. Agr. ARS 33-— United States Department of Agri- culture, Agricultural Research Service +33 Series. U.S. Dep. Agr. Leafl. — United States Department of Agricul- ~ ture Leaflet. Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. — University of California Publica- tions in Entomology. Univ. Mo. Coop. Ext. Serv. Handb. — University of Missouri Cooperative Extension Service Handbook. Utah Agr. Exp. Sta. Mimeo. Ser. — Utah Agricultural Experi- ment Station Mimeograph Series. Utah Agr. Ext. Serv. Entomol. Mimeo Ser. — Utah Agricul- tural Extension Service, Entomology Mimeo Series. Utah Agr. Ext. Serv. Leafl.— Utah Agricultural Extension Service Leaflet. Utah Agr. Ext. Serv. Mimeo. Ser. — Utah Agricultural Exten- sion Service Mimeograph Series. Utah Ext. Leafl. — Utah Extension Leaflet. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. — Virginia Agricultural Experi- ment Station Technical Bulletin. Va. Polytech. Inst. Ext. Div. Contr. Ser. — Virginia Polytechnic Institute Extension Division Control Series. Zool. Listy — Zoologické Listy. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Natuur. Hist. Leiden — Zoologische Ver- handelingen Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie Leiden. (26745—4000—2-74) owt fy of Chad ae etree nad SRE eae. ncaa? Bees Tpeiaies i Fone eS Te Pe eneny pe? Y SSN : arene aS cara SOUSA wae a at te ean! Sa y a hia tes wats ih eee Cima ve se SN