Living and Fossil Brachiopod Genera 1775-1979 LISTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY P Is u*. K? >, $ 1 Mr SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY • NUMBER 42 Living and Fossil Brachiopod Genera 1775-1979 LISTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Rex A. Doescher SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Doescher, Rex A. Living and Fossil Brachiopod Genera 1775-1979: Lists and Bibliography. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology , number 42, 238 pages, 1981.—All genera and subgenera of fossil and living brachiopods described from 1775 to 1979 are listed with comments on their current nomenclatural status. A computerized list presents all valid brachiopod genera (and subge¬ nera), including subjective synonyms, with additional information regarding type-species, superfamily classification, and range (by period) of each genus. A bibliography supplements both lists. Official publication date is handstampecl in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. Series cover design: The trilobite Phacops rana Green. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Doescher, Rex A Living and fossil brachiopod genera 1775-1979. (Smithsonian contributions to paleobiology ; no. 42) Bibliography: p. 1. Brachiopoda. 2. Brachiopoda, Fossil. 3. Brachiopoda—Bibliography. 4. Brachiopoda, Fossil — Bibliography. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contri¬ butions to paleobiology ; no. 42. QE701.S56 no. 42 [QL395] 560s [594'.8] 80-607773 rev Contents Page Introduction . 1 Acknowledgments . 2 Annotated List of Genera and Subgenera . 3 Computerized List of Valid Genera and Subgenera . 44 Literature Cited . 187 iii Living and Fossil Brachiopod Genera 1775-1979 LISTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Rex A. Doescher Introduction Fifteen years have elapsed since the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology , Part H: Brachiopoda be¬ came the standard reference for brachiopod work¬ ers worldwide. The Treatise recognized approxi¬ mately 1700 distinct genera and placed an addi¬ tional 500 in synonomy; subsequently, over 1200 new genera of brachiopods have been proposed. In less than two decades the generic list grew to a size 50 percent greater than that amassed in the preceding 204 year interval. Some of this growth was described in Richard E. Grant’s presidential address to the Paleontological Society in Novem¬ ber 1979. 2 It became apparent that an updated brachio¬ pod generic list was necessary to complement both the Zoological Record and Neave’s Nomenclator Zoologicus , which have often lagged years behind current research. One aspect of the effort to com¬ pile such a list was the creation of a file that 1 Moore, Raymond C., editor, Treatise on Invertebrate Pa¬ leontology, Part H: Brachiopoda, 2 volumes (Lawrence, Kansas: The Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, 1965). 2 Grant, R. E., “The Human Face of the Brachiopod,” Journal of Paleontology , volume 54, number 3 (1980), pages 499-507, 9 figures. Rex A. Doescher, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. contains photocopies or reprints of over 3800 references to new brachiopod genera. Also, in recognition of the benefits relating to computer data retrieval, a computer data file was built utilizing a Honeywell (Series 60) Model 66/05 computer under the Time Sharing and Text Ed¬ itor subsystem. Henceforth, if a researcher has a specific area of interest, e.g., Permian Producta- cea, the data can be sorted on the desired fields exclusively, thereby limiting the printout to his area of interest and also providing him with an updated list of all brachiopod genera in this category within months, rather than years, of publication. The present study is the outgrowth of the compilation of these manual and computer files. The “Annotated List of Genera and Subgen¬ era” contains all the names of brachiopod genera and subgenera published between 1775 and 1979. Literature citations for original publications are given for all valid genera and subgenera, includ¬ ing subjective synonyms. Symbols or annotations designate junior subjective synonyms, junior ob¬ jective synonyms, junior homonyms, misspellings, nomina nuda, replacement names, and other no- menclatural problems. In literature citations, the page or plate number locates the designation of the type-species. Multiple citations are given if the taxon has been presented as “new” in more than one publication. The “Literature Cited” is 1 2 composed of those works referenced in the “An¬ notated List.” Notice of the publication of several genera was received too late to include them in the “Com¬ puterized List”; however, they have been added to the “Annotated List.” These genera are as follows: Achunoproductus Ustritsky, 1971; Agyrekia Koneva, 1979; Edreja Koneva, 1979; Infurca Per- cival, 1979; Ivshinella Koneva, 1979; Palaeoschmid- tites Koneva, 1979; Parvulalta.rostrum Sartenaer, 1979; Pseudoprotathyns Modzalevskaja, 1979; Sval- bardia Afanasjeva, 1977a; Tethorotes Manankov, 1979; Tythothyris Zezina, 1979; and Uraloproductus Ustritsky, 1971. The terminology used in the column heads of the “Computerized List of Valid Genera and Subgenera” is explained below. A number in parentheses marks each of the eight sortable data fields. Genus( 1): All nomina nuda, misspellings, jun¬ ior objective synonyms, junior homonyms, ich- nogenera, and other invalid names are omitted from the list. All subjective synonyms that are so indicated by the Treatise in 1965, however, are included in deference to each researcher’s opin¬ ion. Author(2) : The author responsible for establish¬ ing the new genus or subgenus. The name is spelled in the manner in which it appeared on the original publication. For computer compati¬ bility, lengthy multiple names are designated by the primary author plus et al. Some authors have published under several names: Jin Yu-gan has used Jing and Ching Yu-kan; G. A. Afanasjeva was once known as G. A. Besnossova; and A. Rollet became by marriage A. Boullier. Cross references, where name variations are known, are given in the “Literature Cited.” Date( 3): The year in which the genus or subgenus was published. Type-Species : The primary type of a genus or subgenus. In this category, the generic(4) as well as specific(5) term is sortable. The author/date(6) of publication of the type-species is included. Superfamily{l)\ Superfamily designations come primarily from the Treatise. All new genera or subgenera after 1965 are placed in the superfam- SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY ily designated or created by the author. The author and date of publication of the superfamily is noted. Range( 8): Range designations come solely from the Treatise. No attempt has been made to expand the ranges as indicated by the Treatise or the ranges of all new genera subsequent to 1965. It is hoped that all future publications that include new brachiopod genera will be sent to me so that pertinent data can be entered in the computer file and updated lists can be published periodically. I would also like to be informed of any errors or omissions in these lists. Acknowledgments.— To Dr. G. A. Cooper, I owe special thanks for creating the generic and specific files, for spending numerous hours assist¬ ing me with problems of nomenclature, and for reviewing this manuscript; to Mrs. Josephine W. Cooper, whose dedication to the maintenance of the bibliographic files and whose translation of the Russian literature made this work possible; to the entire staff of the National Museum of Nat¬ ural History Library, especially Jack Marquardt, Carolyn Hahn, Betty Jean Swartz, Amy Levin, and Susan Mackler for their patient response to my many requests; to Dante Piacesi, who, along with Karen Collins, wrote the programs to enable me to modify and extract the raw data in a meaningful way; to Harrison Sheng and Yin Hongfu for their help in transliterating and trans¬ lating the Chinese literature references; to Drs. Jess Johnson, Howard Brunton, and Bert Rowell, who kept me abreast of new brachiopod genera; to Barbara Spann, editor of series publications with the Smithsonian Institution Press, for assist¬ ing me in the researching and compiling of the bibliographic information; to Dr. Curtis Sa- brosky, research entomologist, for his help with the International Code of Zoological Nomencla¬ ture; to Dr. Richard E. Grant, for allowing me the time to pursue this goal and for reviewing this manuscript. Finally, I would like to dedicate this work, not only to the many un-named friends who had a part in this project, but also to my wife, Joan, whose encouragement was a constant inspiration to me. Annotated List of Genera and Subgenera (*= junior subjective synonym ( Treatise ); ** = junior objective synonym; t = junior homonym; j: = not included in “Computerized List”) A, Legrand-Blain, 1968 [un-named] Abichia Askerov, 1964; 1965; 1967 [nomina nuda] Abrekia Dagys, 1974:98 Thomson, 1927:190 Acambona White, 1865:27 Acanlhamboma Cooper, 1956c:212 Acanthatia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:158 Acanthocosta Roberts, 1971:104 Acanthocrama Williams, 1943:71 Acanthoplecla Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:171 AcanlhoprodLuctus Martynova, 1970:59 Acanthorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:69 Acanthorthis Neuman, 1977:22 \Acanthospira Weller, 1914 [replaced by Acanlhospmna ] Acanthospinfer Menakova, 1964:34 Acanthospinna Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:119 [new name for Acanlhospua] Acanthothiris Orbigny, 1850:323 Acanthothyns. —Bronn, 1862; Paetel, 1875 [misspelling of Acanthothiris\ Acanthothyropsis Kamyschan, 1973, in Kamyschan and Ba¬ banova, 1973:64 Acculina Misius, 1977, in Misius and Ushatinskaia, 1977: 113 \Achunoproduclus Ustritsky, 1971:21 Acidolocarena Liu, 1979:507 Acolosia Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2051 Acosanna Cooper and Grant, 1969:2 Acntes. — Davidson and King, 1874 [misspelling of Acritis] **Acntis Volborth, 1869 [= Aulonotreta ] Acnlosia Cooper and Grant, 1969:5 *Acrosaccus Willard, 1928:259 [= Schizotrela\ Acrospinfer Helmbrecht and Wedekind, 1923:952 Acrothele Linnarsson, 1876:21 Acrothyra Matthew, 1901:303 Acrolhyns Hou, 1963:419 Acrotreta Kutorga, 1848:275 Acrolretella Ireland, 1961:1140 Actinoconchus McCoy, 1844:149 Actinomena Opik, 1930:166 Acummothyns Roberts, 1963:15 Acutatheca Stainbrook, 1945:55 Acutella Ljaschenko, 1973:119 (Acutilineolus ) Amsden, 1978:31 [subgenus of Eospmfer} Adiaphragma Xian, 1978b:299 Adminiculona Waterhouse and Gupta, 1978b: 133 Admixle/la Rozman, 1978:84 Adolfia Gurich, 1909:137 [replacement by Guenchella in¬ valid, Adolfia not preoccupied] Adolfispinfer Krylova, 1962:75 Adrenia Chatterton, 1973:126 Adriana Gregorio, 1930a:29 Adygella Dagys, 1959a:25 Adygelloides Dagys, 1959a: 28 Aegina Opik, 1933a:55 Aegiromena Havlicek, 1961b:450 Aegironeles Havlicek, 1967a:46 Aemula Steinich, 1968a: 193 Aemgmastncklandia Ziegler, 1966:347 Aemgmastrophia Boucot, 1971:156 Aemgmathyns Cooper, 197LF2 Aequspinfenna Yang and Yin, 1962, in Yang et al., 1962: 110 Aerothyris Allan, 1939:245 Aesopomum Havlicek, 1965a:293 Aetheia Thomson, 1915b:389 Afghanispira Dagys, 1968 [nomen nudum] Afghanospinfer Plodowski, 1968:255 Afilasma Stehli, 1961b:460 Agastapleura Xu, 1978:211 Agelesia Cooper and Grant, 1969:6 Agennella Pajaud and Patrulius, [1965]:582 Agramatia Sokolskaja, 1948:39 Agulhasia King, 1871:109 \Agyrekia Koneva, 1979:60 Ahtiella Opik, 1932:37 Airtoma Cope, 1934:275 Ajukuzella Ovtsharenko, 1977 [nomen nudum] Aktassia Popov, 1976, in Nazarov and Popov, 1976:37 Ala Nalivkin, 1979:135 Alaskospira Kirk and Amsden, 1952:61 Alatiformia Struve, 1963:499 Alatoproductus Ching and Zhu, 1978, in Jing and Hu, 1978: 120 Aldamspinfer Alekseeva, 1967:96 Aldanotreta Pelman, 1977:51 Aldingia Thomson, 1916b:501 Aldynkuluhynchia Ovtsharenko, 1977 [nomen nudum] 3 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Alexenia Ivanova, 1935, in Ivanov, 1935:89 Alichovia Gorjansky, 1969:97 Ahconchidium St. Joseph, 1942:247 \Alifera Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960 [replaced by Alitaria] Ahmbella Andreeva, 1960, in Markowskii, 1960:293 Alipunctifera Waterhouse, 1975:17 Alisina Rowell, 1962:141 Alispira Nikiforova, 1961, in Nikiforova and Andreeva, 1961:243 Alispmfer Campbell, 1961:434 Alitaria Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1967:808 [new name for A hfera] **Allanana Crickmay, 1953 [invalid new name for Allanella, Allanella not preoccupied] Allanella Crickmay, 1953a:5 [replacement by Allanana in¬ valid, Allanella not preoccupied] Allanetes Boucot and Johnson, 1967b: 142 Allorhynchoides Savage, Eberlein, and Churkin, 1978:392 Allorhynchus Weller, 1910:509 Almerarhynchia Calzada Badia, 1974a:94 Almerasithyns Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum] * Alphachonstites Gatinaud, 1949:492 [= Chons tiles ] *Alphacyrtiopsis Gatinaud, 1949:490 [= Cyrtiopsis] *AIphaneospmfer Gatinaud, 1949:491 [= Neospirifer] * A/taestrophia Bublichenko, 1956:96 [= Leptodontella ] Allaelhyrella Severgina, 1978:38 Allajella Kulkov, 1962:653 Altiplecus Stehli, 1954:349 *Altorthis Andreeva, 1960, in Markowskii, 1960:288 [= Not hor this] Alwynella Spjeldnaes, 1957:85 Alwyma Stehli, 1961b:464 Ambikella Sahni and Srivastava, 1956:207 Amblotrema Rafmesque, 1831 [incertae sedis] Amblytrema. —Agassiz, 1846 [misspelling of Amblotrema] Ambocoelia Hall, 1860:71 Amboglossa Wang and Zhu, 1979:60 Ambonorthella Bassett, 1972:66 Ambothyns George, 1931:42 Amesopleura Carter, 1967a:364 Ametona Cooper and Grant, 1975:1055 Amissopecten Havlicek, 1960:243 Amoenospinfer Havlicek, 1957b:439 Amosina Boucot, 1975:360 Amphichna Laube, 1865:28 Amphiclinodonla Bittner, 1888a:288 Amphigema Hall, 1867b: 163 Amphipella Cooper and Grant, 1969:11 Amphistrophia Hall and Clarke, 1892:292 Amphislrophiella Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 157 Amphithyns Thomson, 1918:20 Amphilomella Bittner, 1890:298 Amsanella Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum] Amsdenella Tillman, 1967:1251 Amsdenina Boucot, 1975:357 (Amsdenostrophiella) Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 158 [subgenus of Amphislrophiella ] Amurothyns Koczyrkevicz, 1976b:77 Amygdalocosta Waterhouse, 1967a: 101 Anabaia Clarke, 1893, in Hall and Clarke, 1893:141 Anabana Lopushinskaja, 1965:27 Anabolotrela Rowell and Henderson, 1978:8 Anadyrella Dagys, 1974:185 Anarhynchia Ager, 1964:63 Anastrophia Hall, 1867b: 163 [new name for Brachymerus] Anathyrella Khalfin, 1960b:476 Anathyns Peetz, 1901:378 Anatrypa Nalivkin, 1941:172 Anazyga Davidson, 1882:128 Anchigonites Opik, 1939:136 Ancilloloechia Havlicek, 1959b:78 Ancistrocrania Dali, 1877:13 [new name for Cranopsis] Ancistrorhyncha Ulrich and Cooper, 1942:624 Ancorhynchia Ching and Ye, 1979:101 Ancyloslrophia Harper, Johnson, and Boucot, 1967:423 Andobo/us Kozlowski, 1930:316 Aneboconcha Cooper, 1973b:28 Anechophragma Neuman, 1977:37 \Anelasma Ivanov, 1925 [replaced by Brachythynna] **Anelasmina Semichatova, 1939 [= Anelasma] Anemonaria Cooper and Grant, 1969:8 Aneulhelasma Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2906 Angarella Asatkin, 1932:486 Angulotreta Palmer, 1954:769 Anguslicardima Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:244 Angustothyns Dagys, 1972d:31 Amdanlhus Hill, 1950:10 Anidanthus Whitehouse, 1928 [nomen nudum; = Amdanlhus Hill, 1950] Amsactmella Bittner, 1890:302 Amsopleurella Cooper, 1956c:805 Anomachnella Bittner, 1890:300 Anomalesia Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2819 Anomaloglossa Percival, 1978:125 Anomalona Cooper and Grant, 1969:16 Anomalorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:622 Anopha Hall and Clarke, 1892:309 Anophopsis Girty, 1938:281 Anoplotheca Sandberger, 1855:8 Anoptambomtes Williams, 1962:170 Ansehia Termier and Termier, 1970:456 Anteletes. —Orbigny, 1850 [misspelling of Enteleles] Antelocoelia Isaacson, 1977b: 171 Antendocus Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2055 Anlhracospinfer Lane, 1963:388 Anligalealella Sapelnikov and Rukavischnikova, 1975b:74 Anligonambomtes Opik, 1934:147 Antigoniarcula Elliott, 1959:146 NUMBER 42 5 Antinomia Catullo, 1851:75 Antinomya. —Davidson, 1853 [misspelling of Antinomia] Antiptychina Zittel, 1880:704 Antiquatonia Miloradovich, 1945:499 Antirhynchonella Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:131 1 Aniirhynchonella Quenstedt, 1871 [nomen nudum; = Antir¬ hynchonella Oehlert, 1887] Antispirifer Williams, 1916, in Williams and Breger, 1916: 116 Antistrix Johnson, 1972:121 Antronaria Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2036 Apatomorpha Cooper, 1956c:709 Apatorlhis Opik, 1933b:6 Aperispirifer Waterhouse, 1968a:35 Aphanomena Bergstrom, 1968:13 Aphaurosia Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2048 Aphelesia Cooper, 1959:41 *Apheoorthma Havlicek, 1949a:99 [= Apheoorthis ] Apheoorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:620 Apicilirella Su, 1976:179 Apleurotxs Rafinesque, 1819 [nomen nudum] Apollonorthis Mitchell, 1974:392 Apomatella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:245 Apopentamerus Boucot and Johnson, 1979:104 Aporthophyla Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:625 Aporthophylma Liu, 1976:144 Apousie/la Carter, 1972:732 Apnngia Gregorio, 1886:23 Apsilingula Williams, 1977:403 Apsocalymma McIntosh, 1974:213 Apostreta Palmer, 1954:770 Araratella Sartenaer and Plodowski, 1975:5 Aratanea Schmidt, 1967:92 Araxathyns Grunt, 1965, in Ruzhentsev and Sarytcheva, 1965:240 Araxilems Sarytcheva, 1965, in Ruzhentsev and Saryt¬ cheva, 1965:221 Araxina Askerov, 1965; 1967 [nomina nuda] Arbizustrophia Garcia-Alcalde, 1972c:57 Arcelimthyris Almeras, 1971:173 Arceythyris Rollet, 1964:38 Archaeorthis Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:243 Arcosanna Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:185 Arctitreta Whitfield, 1908:57 Arclochonetes Ifanova, 1968:29 Arctohedra Cooper, 1936:210 **Arctolaballa Dagys, 1977 [= Pseudolaballa ] Arclomenshna Amsden, 1978:33 Arctospirifer Stainbrook, 1950:382 Arctothyns Dagys, 1965:140 Arcualla Walmsley and Boucot, 1975:79 Arcuatothyns Popiel-Barczyk, 1972:136 (.Arduennensisspinfer ) Kutscher and Mittmeyer, 1970 [subgenus of Acrospinfer-, nomen nudum] (Arduspinfer) Mittmeyer, 1972:101 [subgenus of Acrospinfer-, elevated to genus by Mittmeyer in 1973] Arenaciarcula Elliott, 1959:147 Arenorthis Havlicek, 1970b:29 Areostrophia Havlicek, 1965a:293 Argentiproductus Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Thomasella Paul, 1942] \Argiope Deslongchamps, 1842 [replaced by Megathins] Argovithyris Rollet, 1972:95 Argyope. — Davidson 1850 [misspelling of Argiope] Argyrotheca Dali 1900:44 [new name for Cistella\ Anonthia Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2750 Arklikina Grunt, 1977a:69 Aromasithyris Almeras, 1971:544 Artimyclella Liu, 1979:508 Artiotreta Ireland, 1961:1138 Aseptalium Hou and Xian, 1975:37 Aseptella Martinez and Winkler, 1977:18 Aseptonetes Isaacson, 1977a: 177 **Asioproductus Chan, 1977; 1978; 1979 [= Transennatia ] Asperhnus Waterhouse and Piyasin, 1970:132 Aspidothyns Diener, 1908:59 Astegosia Cooper and Grant, 1969:16 Astraborthis Williams, 1974:69 Astutorhyncha Havlicek, 1961a: 105 Asymphylotoechia Ross, 1970:60 A syrinx Hudson and Sudbury, 1959:46 Asynnxia Campbell, 1957:80 Atelelasma Cooper, 1956c:517 Atelestegastus Cooper and Grant, 1975:829 Atelithyris Smirnova, 1975c:77 *Athabaschia Crickmay, 1963:10 [= Ladogioides ] *Athyrella Renz, 1913 [nomen nudum; = Spingerella ] Athyrhynchus Johnson, 1973c:467 Athyns McCoy, 1844:147 Athynsina Hayasaka, 1922:52 f Athynsinoides Chen and Wan, 1978 Athyrisinoides Jiang, 1978:303 Atlantida Havlicek, 1971 c:37 **Atretia Jeffreys, 1870 [= Cryptopora ] Alribomum Grant, 1965:38 Atrypa Dalman, 1828:127 Atrypana Copper, 1966a:982 Atrypella Kozlowski, 1929:30 Atrypina Hall and Clarke, 1893:162 Atrypmella Khodalevich, 1939:45 Atrypoidea Mitchell and Dun, 1920:272 *Atrypopsis Poulsen, 1943:44 [= Dubana\ Atrythyns Struve, 1965a:218 Attenuatella Stehli, 1954:343 Auchmerella Struve, 1964c:521 Aulacella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:246 Aulacophona Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:247 6 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY * Aulacorhyna Strand, 1928:37 [new name for Aulacorhynchus\ = I so gramma] f Aulacorhynchus Dittmar, 1872 [replaced by Aulacorhyna] Aulacothyns Douville, 1879:277 Aulacothyroides Dagys, 1965:155 Aulacolhyropsis Dagys, 1959b:99 Auhdospira Williams, 1962;252 Aulonotreta Kutorga, 1848:282 Auloprotonia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:273 Aulosteges Helmersen, 1847:331 Aunculispina Waterhouse, 1975:13 Austinella Foerste, 1909a:224 Australiarcula Elliott, 1960:26 Australma Clarke, 1912:10 Austrahrhynchia Savage, 1968b:731 Australocoelia Boucot and Gill, 1956:1174 Australosia McKellar, 1970:12 Auslralospinfer Caster, 1939:159 Australostrophia Caster, 1939:83 fAustriella Bittner, 1890 [replaced by Austnellula] **Austnellina Schuchert and LeVene, 1929 [invalid new name for Austnella , already renamed] Austnellula Strand, 1928:38 [new name for Austnella] Austnrhynchia Ager, 1959:325 Austrochonstites Roberts, 1971:230 Austronopha Isaacson, 1977a: 178 Austrospinfer Glenister, 1956:58 Austrolhyris Allan, 1939:238 Avisynnx Martinez, 1975:33 Avoma Thomas, 1914:259 Avonothyris Buckman, 1917:102 Axiodeaneia Clark, 1917:375 Azenthyns Askerov, 1964; 1965; 1967 [nomina nuda] Babukella Dagys, 1974:208 Backhausma Pajaud, 1966b: 125 Baclrymum Emmrich, 1855:449 Bagnorlhis Levy and Nullo, 1974a: 184 Bagrasia Nalivkin, 1960, in Sarytcheva et al., 1960:231 Bailliena Nelson and Johnson, 1968:723 Bajanhongorella Rozman, 1977:124 Bajanorthis Andreeva, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:73 Bajkuna Ustritsky, 1963, in Ustritsky and Tschernjak, 1963:116 Balakhoma Sarytcheva, 1963, in Sarytcheva et ah, 1963: 231 Balanoconcha Campbell, 1957:86 Balatonspira Dagys, 1974:137 Bancroflma Sinclair, 1946:295 [new name for Raymondella Whittington, 1938] Bandoproduclus Ching and Sun, 1979 [nomen nudum] Barbaestrophia Havlicek, 1965b:7 Barbarorthis Opik, 1934:183 **Barrandella Hall and Clarke, 1893 [= Anluhynchonella] Barrandina Booker, 1926:132 Barroisella Hall and Clarke, 1892:63 Barzellima Gregorio, 1930b:8 Bashkina Nalivkin, 1979:144 Basilicorhynchus Crickmay, 1952:1 Basihola Dali, 1908:442 Bastola. —Thomson, 1915 [misspelling of Basiliola] ~\Bathycoelia Foerste, 1909 [replaced by Pionodema] Bathymyoma Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:245 Balhynanus Foster, 1974:80 Bathyrhyncha Fuchs, 1923:854 Baturria Carls, 1974:167 Bazardare/la Ovtsbarenko, 1977 [nomen nudum] Beachia Hall and Clarke, 1893:260 Beckmanma Mohanti, 1972:166 Beechena Hall and Clarke, 1893:300 Beichuanella Chen, 1978:339 Beilaia Rong and Yang, 1974:199 Bejrutella Tchorszhewsky, 1972:40 (Bekkerella ) Reed, 1936:39 [subgenus of Rafinesquina] fBekkerella Rosenstein, 1943 [replaced by Elsaella] Bekkeromena Roomusoks, 1963:235 Belbekella Moisseiev, 1939:195 Beleulella Litvinovich, 1967:55 Bellaclathrus Winters, 1963:26 Bellimunna Cooper, 1956c:854 Belothyns Smirnova, 1960:117 *Benigmles Havlicek, 1952:409 [= Merciella] Bergalana Schmidt, 1975:101 Beschevelta Poletaev, 1975:51 *Betachonstites Gatinaud, 1949:492 [= Chonstites] *Betacyrtiopsis Gatinaud, 1949:490 [= Cyrliopsis] *Betaneospinfer Gatinaud, 1949:491 [= Neospinfer] Biarea Torbakova, 1959, in Khodalevich et ah, 1959:75 Bibaliola Grant, 1976:136 Bicannatina Batrukova, 1967 [nomen nudum]; 1969:59 Bicia Walcott, 1901:677 Biconostrophia Havlicek, 1956:562 Bicornes Quenstedt, 1852 [invalid name, Opinion 907 ICZN] Bicuspina Havlicek, 1950:18 Bidentatus Khodalevich and Breivel, 1972, in Malygina et ah, 1972:202 Biernatella Balinski, 1977:179 Biernatium Havlicek, 1975:234 Bifida Davidson, 1882:27 Bifohum Elliott, 1948:3 Bihendulirhynchia Muir-Wood, 1935:104 Bihemthyris Muir-Wood, 1935:1 1 1 Bilaminella Babanova, 1964:66 Bi/lingsella Hall and Clarke, 1892:230 t Billmgsia Ford, 1886 [replaced by Elkama] Bilobia Cooper, 1956c:760 **Bilobites Linne, 1775 [= Dicoelosia] NUMBER 42 7 Biiotina Reed, 1944:109 Bimuna Ulrich and Cooper, 1942:623 Biparetis Amsden, 1974:54 Biseptum Khodalevich and Breivel, 1959, in Khodalevich et al., 1959:39 Bisinocoeha Havlicek, 1953:7 *Bispinoproductus Stainbrook, 1947:311 [= Leioproductus] Bislramia Hoek, 1912, in Steinmann and Hoek, 1912:247 Bisulcata Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum; = Bisulcala Boucot and Johnson, 1979] Bisulcata Boucot and Johnson, 1979:117 Bisulcatella Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum] Bisulcina Titova, 1977:81 Bittnerella Dagys, 1974:77 Bittnerula Hall and Clarke, 1894:764 *Blairella Miller and Gurley, 1896 [nomen nudum; = Rhip- idomella] * Blasispinfer Kulikov, 1950:6 [= Spmferella ] Blochmannella Leidhold, 1921:356 Blyskavomena Havlicek, 1976:369 Bobinella Andreeva, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:80 Bodrakella Moisseiev, 1936:47 Bohemiella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:242 Bohemuhynchia Nekvasilova, 1973:78 (Boicinetes ) Havlicek and Racheboeuf, 1979:73 [subgenus of Chonetes ] Bojannovia Aksarina, 1978, in Aksarina and Pelman, 1978: 106 Bojodouvillina Havlicek, 1967a: 171 Bojothyns Havlicek, 1957 [nomen nudum]; 1959a:247 Bolona Grunt, 1973, in Grunt and Dmitriev, 1973:119 Booralia Campbell, 1961:449 Boreadorthis Opik, 1934:184 Borealirhynchia Su, 1976:194 Borealis Boucot, Johnson, and Rubel, 1971:274 Boreiospira Dagys, 1974:126 Boreiothyns Dagys, 1968:110 Bornhardtina Schulz, 1914:363 Borszhamella Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum] Bosquetella Smirnova, 1969a:83 Bothrionia Cooper and Grant, 1975:985 Bothroslegium Cooper and Grant, 1974:330 Botsfordia Matthew, 1891:148 Boubeithyns Cox and Middlemiss, 1978:419 Bouchardia Davidson, 1850b:65 Bouchardiella Doello-Jurado, 1922:200 *Bouchardopsis Maillieux, 1933 [nomen nudum; = Tylothyns\ Boucotella Bowen, 1966:186 Boucotia Gill, 1969:1227 Boucotides Amsden, 1968:44 Boucotinskia Brunton and Cocks, 1967:180 Bouskia Havlicek, 1975:233 Brachiopus Rafinesque, 1831 [sine type] \Brachymerus Shaler, 1865 [replaced by Anastrophia ] Brachymimulus Cockerell, 1929:105 [new name for Mimulus\ ( Brachypnon) Shaler, 1865:63 [subgenus of Strophodonla} Brachyspuifer Wedekind, 1926:198 Brachythynna Fredericks, 1929:385 [new name for Anelasma] Brachylhyrmella Waterhouse and Gupta, 1978a:425 Brachythyris McCoy, 1844:128 Brachyzyga Kozlowski, 1929:31 Bracteoleplaena Havlicek, 1963b:224 Brahimorlhis Havlicek, 1971c:29 Branconia Gagel, 1890:62 Brandysia Havlicek, 1975:231 Branikia Havlicek, 1957b:437 *BranxIonia Booker, 1930:30 [= Wyndhamia\ f Brasilia Clarke, 1913 [replaced by Brasilina, Chapadella , and Oliveirella ] Brasilica. —Greger, 1920 [misspelling of Brasilia ] * Brasilina Clarke, 1921:139 [new name for Brasilia -, = Par¬ anoia] Brasilioproductus Mendes, 1959:48 Brevicamera Cooper, 1956c:560 Brevilamnulella Amsden, 1974:62 Brevilamula Amsden, 1974 [nomen nudum] (Breviseptum) Sapelnikov, 1960b: 109 [subgenus of Conchi- dium ] Brevispinfer Cooper, 1942:231 Brochocanna Brunton, 1968:31 Broeggena Walcott, 1902:605 Bronnothyns Popiel-Barczyk and Smirnova, 1978:134 Brooksina Kirk, 1922:3 Browneella Chatterton, 1973:117 Brunnirhyncha Havlicek, 1979:97 Brynella Bancroft, 1933 [nomen nudum] Bryorhynchus Cooper and Grant, 1969:11 Buchanathyris Talent, 1956:36 Bufocephalus Linne, 1779 [incertae sedis] Bulahdelia Roberts, 1976, in Roberts et al., 1976:213 Bullanna Ching and Sun, 1979 [nomen nudum] (Bullothyns ) Sucic-Protic, 1971:21 [subgenus of Loboidolhy- rop sis] Burmirhynchia Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:49 Burnrhynchia Owen, 1962:59 Bursula Klein, 1753 [nonbinomial] Buxtoma Thomas, 1914:259 Buxtomoides Mendes, 1959:43 Bystromena Williams, 1974:146 **Cacata Strand, 1928 [new name for Thomsonia\ = Copto- thyris ] Cacemia Mitchell, 1974:394 Cactosteges Cooper and Grant, 1975:850 Cadomella Munier-Chalmas, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1285 Caenanoplia Carter, 1968:1143 Caenotreta Cocks, 1979a:94 Caeroplecia Williams, 1974:121 8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Calcuhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:30 California. —Bassler, 1915 [misspelling of Chftoma ] (Callaiapsida ) Grant, 1971:323 [subgenus of Camensma ] Callicalyptella Boucot and Johnson, 1972:301 Calhglypha Cloud, 1948:468 Calliomargmalia Ching, 1976, in Zhang and Ching, 1976: 181 Callipentamerus Boucot, 1964a:887 Callipleura Cooper, 1942:228 [new name for Cyclorhina\ Calliprotonia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:246 Callispinna Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Mansuyella] Callospiriferina Rousselle, 1977:157 Calvinana Stainbrook, 1945:44 Calyptolepta Neuman, 1977:35 Camarelasma Cooper and Grant, I976b:2900 Camarella. —Dali, 1877; Oehlert, 1887 [misspelling of Ca- mereUa\ *Camanum Hall, 1859b:43 [= Merista\ Camarophorella Hall and Clarke, 1893:215 Camarophona. —Herrmannsen, 1846 [misspelling of Camer- ophona\ Camarophonna Licharew, 1934a:213 Camarophonnella Licharew, 1936b:63 Camarospira Hall and Clarke, 1893:82 Camarothyndina Linnik, 1966:129 Camarotoechia Hall and Clarke, 1893:190 Camaroloechioid.es Rzonsnitzkaja, 1978:178 Cambrotrophia Ulrich and Cooper, 1937:78 [new name for Eostrophia] Camdella Ustritsky, 1971 [nomen nudum? misspelling of Gamdaella ?] Camerella Billings, 1859b:301 Camensma Grant, 1965:64 **Camerophorta King, 1844 [nomen nudum]; 1846 [= Stenos- cisma ] Camerophonna Schmidt, 1941:43 Camerolhyns Bittner, 1890:318 Campages Hedley, 1905:43 Campylorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1942:621 Canadospira Dagys, 1972c:40 f Canavana Merla, 1928 [replacement by Gemmellana invalid, Gemmellana preoccupied; replaced by Sicelia} Cancellospinfer Campbell, 1953:10 Cancellothyns Thomson, 1926:525 Cancrmella Fredericks, [ 1928]: 784 Cancnnelloides Ustritsky, 1963, in Ustritsky and Tschernjak, 1963:85 Candispinfer Havlicek, 1971 a:26 Canlhylolrela Rowell, 1966:5 f Capellima Hall and Clarke, 1893 (replaced by Capellimella] Capelliniella Strand, 1928:38 [new name for Capellima ] **Capilhfera Jing and Hu, 1978:120; Ching and Ye, 1979:86 [invalid new name for Chilianshama , Chilianshama not preoccupied] Capillirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:58 Capilhrostra Cooperand Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Rhynchonellopsis Bose, 1894] Capillithyns Katz, 1974:258 Capilloma Waterhouse, 1973:37 Caplinopha Havlicek and Racheboeuf, 1979:102 Carapezzia Tomlin, 1930:24 [new name for Geyena\ Carbocyrtina Ivanova, 1975:81 Cardianna Cooper, 1956a:527 Cardinirhynchia Buckman, 1917:74 Cardinocrama Waagen, 1885:746 Cardiodonta Hall, 1850 [nomen nudum] Cardiothyns Roberts, 1971:178 Caricula Grant, 1976:128 Cannagypa Johnson and Ludvigsen, 1972:128 (Cannastrophia) Gratsianova, 1975:64 |subgenus of Areo- strophia) Cannatina Nalivkin, 1930:192 Cannatinella Gratsianova, 1967:97 Cannatrypa Copper, 1973:496 Canniferella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:246 Carmokoninckina Jin and Fang, 1977:59 Carlima Gordon, 1971:259 *Carlopsina Reed, 1954:183 [= Schellwienella ] Carmanella Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum] Carneithyns Sahni, 1925:364 Carpalothyns Smirnova, 1975a: 135 Carlorhium Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2191 Caryogyps Johnson, Boucot, and Murphy, 1976:53 Caryorhynchus Crickmay, 1952:1 Casquella Percival, 1978:128 Cassianospira Dagys, 1972a: 103 Cassidirostrum McLaren, 1961:2 Castellaroina Boucot, 1972, in Amos, 1972:11 Catazyga Hall and Clarke, 1893:157 Cathaysia Ching, 1966, in Wang et al., 1966:372 Caucasella Moisseiev, 1934:83 Caucasithyns Askerov, 1964; 1965; 1967 [nomen nudum] Caucasorhynchia Dagys, 1963:66 Caucasothyns Dagys, 1974:192 *Causea Wiman, 1905:53 [= Mickuntzia] Cavatismurostrum Sartenaer, 1972:2 Cedulia Racheboeuf, 1979:256 Celebetes Grant, 1976:137 Celsiformx Carter, 1974:677 Cenorhynchia Cooper and Grant, 1976a: 1986 Cenlronella Billings, 1859a: 131 Centronelloidea Weller, 1914:247 Cenlrorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:1 1 Centrospirifer Grabau, 1931 [nomen nudum; = Centrospinfer Tien, 1938] * Centrospirifer Tien, 1938:111 [= Cyrtospmfer ] NUMBER 42 9 Ceocypea Grant, 1972:226 Ceratreta Bell, 1941:233 Cerenthyris Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:109 Chaeniorhynchus Cooper and Grant, 1976a: 1999 Chaganella Nikitin, 1974:65 Changshaispinfer Zhao, 1977:428 *Chaoella Licharew, 1931:161 [= Keyserlingina ] Chaoiella Fredericks, 1933:31 Chaoina Ching, 1974:308 *Chapadella Greger, 1920:70 [new name for Brasilia ; = Paranaia\ Chapinella Savage, Eberlein, and Churkin, 1978:388 Chanonella Billings, 1861b: 148 Chanonoides Boucot, Johnson, and Staton, 1964:817 Charltomthyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:106 Chascothyns Holzapfel, 1895:234 Chathamilhyns Allan, 1932:15 Chattertoma Johnson, 1976:789 Chatwmothyris Sahni, 1925:368 ( Chaulistomella) Cooper, 1956c:432 [subgenus of Multico- stella\ Cheirothyns Rollier, 1919:338 Cheirothyropsis Makridin, 1964:267 Chelononia Cooper and Grant, 1974:327 *Chemungia Caster, 1939:107 [= Strophonelloides] Chemothyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:128 Chiane/la Waterhouse, 1975:13 *Chihanshama Yang and Ting, 1962, in Yang et al., 1962: 86 [= Monticuhfera] *Chilidiopsis Boucot, 1959b:25 [= Fardenia] Chilidorthis Havlicek, 1972, in Havlicek and Josopait, 1972: 342 Chimaerothyns Paulus, Struve, and Wolfart, 1963:463 Chwalschella Zavodowsky, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:125 Chlidonophora Dali, 1903:1538 Chlupacina Havlicek and Racheboeuf, 1979:86 Chnaurocoelia Johnson, Boucot, and Murphy, 1976:95 Choanodus Cooper and Grant, 1974:402 Choanoproductus Termier and Termier, 1966 [nomen nu¬ dum] Chondroma Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2854 ^Chonetella Krotow, 1885 [replaced by Chonetina] Chonetella Waagen, 1884:657 Chonetes Fischer de Waldheim, 1830, pi. 26 Chonetina Krotow, 1888:500 [new name for Chonetella Kro¬ tow, 1885] Chonetinella Ramsbottom, 1952:13 Chonetinetes Cooper and Grant, 1969:4 Chonetipustula Paeckelmann, 1931a:31 Chonetoidea Jones, 1928:389 *Choniopora Schauroth, 1854:546 [= Acanthocrama ] Chonopectella Sarytcheva, 1966:135 [new name for Chono- pectoides Sarytcheva, 1965] Chonopectoides Crickmay, 1963:23 \Chonopecloides Sarytcheva, 1965 [replaced by Chonopectella] Chonopectus Hall and Clarke, 1892:312 Chonosteges Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:113 Chonostegoides Sarytcheva, 1965, in Ruzhentsev and Sar¬ ytcheva, 1965:212 Chonostrophia Hall and Clarke, 1892:311 Chonostrophiella Boucot and Amsden, 1964:881 Choperella Ljaschenko, 1969a:22 Chonstitella Ivanov and Ivanova, 1937:163 Chorislites Fischer de Waldheim, 1825:8 Chonstothyris Cooper, 1942:233 Christiania Hall and Clarke, 1892:299 Chrustenopora Havlicek, 1968:123 Chynistrophia Havlicek, 1977b:301 Cilinella Havlicek, 1970b: 16 Cimicinella Schmidt, 1943:67 Cimicinoides Anderson, Boucot, and Johnson, 1969:156 Cincta Quenstedt, 1868:25 Cinctifera Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:166 Cinerorthis Havlicek, 1974:167 Cingulodermis Havlicek, 1971a: 15 Cirpa Gregorio, 1930a:40 J Cistella Gray, 1853 [replaced by Argyrotheca ] Cistellarcula Elliott, 1954:726 Clarkeia Kozlowski, 1923:86 Clarkella Walcott, 1908:111 Clathnthyns Smirnova, 1971 [nomen nudum]; 1974:48 Clavigera Hector, 1879:538 [type designated by Marwick, 1953:45] Clavigenna. —Marwick, 1946 [misspelling of Clavigera] Clavodalejina Havlicek, 1977a:227 Cleidothyris. —Paetel, 1875 [misspelling of Cleiothyns Phil¬ lips, 1841; = Athyris] Cleiothyndelhna Waterhouse, 1978:82 Cleiothyridina Buckman, 1906b: 324 [new name for Cleio- thyris King, 1850] f Cleiothyns King, 1850 [replaced by Cleiothyridina] **Cleiothyris Phillips, 1841 [= Atrypa] Cliftonia Foerste, 1909b: 82 Clinambon Schuchert and Cooper, 1932:115 Clinlonella Hall and Clarke, 1893:160 Cliothyndina. —Girty, 1910 [improper emendation of Cleiothyridina] *Chothyns. —Agassiz, 1846 [misspelling of Cleiothyris Phil¬ lips, 1841; = Athyris] Chothyris .—Hall and Clarke, 1893 [misspelling of Cleiothyns Phillips, 1841] Chpsilia. —Dali, 1877 [misspelling of Clipsilis] Clipsilis Rafinesque, 1820 [nomen nudum] Clistotrema Rowell, 1963:35 [new name for Orbicella] Clitambomtes Agassiz, 1847:90 Chvospinfer Ljaschenko, 1973:108 Clonnda Barrande, 1879:109 Clonndella Amsden, 1964:236 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Clonndina Khodalevich, 1939:11 Clormdinella Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:61 Cloudella Boucot and Johnson, 1963, in Boucot, Caster, et al., 1963:123 [new name for Pleurothyns ] Cloudolhyns Boucot and Johnson, 1968:B19 Cmsmatocentrum Dali, 1920:321 Coelospira Hall, 1863:60 Coelospirella Su, 1976:203 Coelospinna Havh'cek, 1956:586 Coeloterorhynchus Sartenaer, 1966b:41 Coenolhyns Douville, 1879:270 Colaptomena Cooper, 1956c:889 Coledium Grant, 1965:96 Collarothyns Modzalevskaja, 1970:155 Collematana Cooper and Grant, 1974:434 Collumatus Cooper and Grant, 1969:6 Colongina Breivel and Breivel, 1970b:61 Comatopoma Havlicek, 1950:54 Comelicama Freeh, 1901:551 Comioloechia Ljaschenko, 1973:37 Composita Brown, 1849:131 Compressoproductus Sarytcheva, 1960, in Sarytcheva et al., 1960:231 Compsona Cooper, 1973a:23 Compsothyns Jackson, 1918b: 188 Comuquia Grant, 1976:97 *Conchidiella Khodalevich, 1939:32 [= Zdimir] Conchidium Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1311 Concinmspirifer Boucot, 1975:367 Concinmthyns Sahni, 1929:11 *Condrathyns Minato, 1953:69 [= Phncodothyns} Connectoproductus Donakova, 1974:173 Conodiscus Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:619 Conomimus Johnson, Boucot, and Gronberg, 1968:406 Conotreta Walcott, 1889:365 **Conradia Hall, 1874 [= Dinobolus ] Contradouvillma Gratsianova, 1975:48 *Coolima Bancroft, 1949a:7 [= Fardema ] Coopenna Termier, Termier, and Pajaud, 1966:332 Coptothyns Jackson, 1918a:479 [new name for Thomsoma\ **Cora Fredericks, 1928 [= Linoproductus] Corbiculana Ljaschenko, 1973:29 Cordalomyonia Boucot, Gauri, and Johnson, 1966:164 Cormeorthis Stubblefield, 1939:67 Cornwalha Wilson, 1932:388 Coronalosia Waterhouse and Gupta, 1978a:415 **Corrugatella Khalfin, 1948 [= Cymostrophia ] Corrugatimediorostrum Sartenaer, 1970:23 Cortezorthis Johnson and Talent, 1967a: 143 Corvinopugnax Havlicek, 1961a:36 Coscinanna Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:138 Coscinophora Cooper and Stehli, 1955:469 Costachoneles Waterhouse, 1975:2 Coslacranaena Johnson and Perry, 1976:631 **Costalosia Waterhouse and Shah, 1966 [= Lichareviella ] Costanoplia Xu, 1977:65 Costatrypa Copper, 1973:494 j 'Costellana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960 [replaced by Costellanna] Costellanna Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1967, in Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1967:808 [new name for Costellana] Costellirostra Cooper, 1942:231 Costellispinfer Boucot, 1973:51 Costifenna Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:277 Costimfera. —Gobbett, 1963 [misspelling of Costifenna] Costinorella Dagys, 1974:101 Costuhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:39 \Coslirhynchia Dagys, 1974 [replaced by Costirhynchopsis] Costirhynchopsis Dagys, 1977b: 139 [new name for Costirhyn- chia Dagys, 1974] Costisorthis Havlicek, 1974:170 Costispinifera Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:217 Coshspinfer Cooper, 1942:232 Costispmfenna Dagys, 1974:127 Coslistncklandia Amsden, 1953:143 Costislrophonella Harper and Boucot, 1978a:99 Cosloconcha Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:193 Craigella Reed, 1935:353 Cranaena Hall and Clarke, 1893:297 *Cranaenella Fenton and Fenton, 1924:129 [= Cranaena] Crania Retzius, 1781:72 Cramcella Rafinesque, 1815 [nomen nudum] \Cramella Oehlert, 1888 [replaced by Petrocrama ] Craniops Hall, 1859b:84 Cramotreta Termier and Monod, 1978:149 Cramscus Dali, 1871 b:27 f Cranopsis Dali, 1871 [replaced by Ancistrocrama] Craspedalosia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:82 Craspedelia Cooper, 1956c: 773 Craspedona Cooper and Grant, 1975:881 Crassatrypa Mizens, 1977b:54 *Crassionna Havlicek, 1950:36 [= Cryptothyns] Crassipunctalrypa Mizens and Rzonsnitzkaja, 1979:63 Crassumbo Carter, 1967a:408 Cremnorthis Williams, 1963:378 Cremspinfer Stehli, 1954:348 Crelirhynchia Pettitt, 1950:1 Cricosia Cooper, 1973c:384 Cnmstrophia Havh'cek, 1967a: 134 *Cnopus Poli, 1791:34 [= Crania] 'fCnspella Kozlowski, 1929 [replaced by Howellella] *Cnstifenna Cooper, 1956c:961 [= Paucicrura] Crossacanlhia Gordon, 1966:581 Crossalosia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:76 Crozonorthis Melou, 1976:700 Cruralina Smirnova, 1966:32 Cruratula Bittner, 1890:66 Cruncella Grant, 1976:187 NUMBER 42 1 1 Cruncoelia Sykes, 1964 |nomen nudum] Crunrhynchia Dagys, 1961a:96 Crunlhyris George, 1931:43 Cryopus. —Deshayes, 1836 [misspelling of Cnopus] Cryptacanthia White and St. John, 1867:119 Cryptatrypa Siehl, 1962:196 Cryptonella Hall, 1861:101 Cryptonema. —Bigsby, 1868 [misspelling of Cryptonella ] Cryptopora Jeffreys, 1869:136 Cryptoporella Bitner and Pisera, 1979:71 Cryplorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:66 Cryptospinfer Grabau, 1931c:405 Cryptothyrella Cooper, 1942:233 Cryptothyns Bancroft, 1945:223 Cryptotreta Pelman, 1977:53 Ctenalosia Cooper and Stehli, 1955:470 (Clenochonetes) Racheboeuf, 1976:52 [subgenus of Stropho- choneles] Ctenokomnckina Xu, 1978b:283 Cubamrhynchia Kamyschan, 1968:57 Cubanothyns Dagys, 1959a:35 Cudmorella Allan, 1939:242 Cumberlandina Boucot, 1975:371 Cuneirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:35 Cunohtes Defrance, 1821 [nomen nudum] Cupanus Ross, 1971:126 Cupularostrum Sartenaer, 1961c:2 Curranella .—Chatterton, 1973 [error for Resserel/a ] Curticia Walcott, 1905:319 Curtirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:36 Cyclacanthana Cooper and Grant, 1969:7 Cycladigera Havlicek, 1971b:230 Cyclocoelia Foerste, 1909a:227 Cyclomyonia Cooper, 1956c:975 f Cyclorhina Hall and Clarke, 1893 [replaced by Callipleura] Cyclospua Hall and Clarke, 1893:146 Cyclothyns McCoy, 1844:150 Cyclus Barrande, 1879 [nomen nudum; = Paterula] Cydimia Chatterton, 1973:131 Cymatorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:53 Cymbidium Kirk, 1926:3 Cymbistropheodonta Harper and Boucot, 1978c:38 Cymbithyris Cooper, 1952b:5 Cymostrophia Caster, 1939:39 Cyphomena Cooper, 1956c:841 ( Cyphomenoidea) Cocks, 1968:316 [subgenus of Cyphomena ] Cyphotalosia Carter, 1967a:282 Cypholerorhynchus Sartenaer, 1965b:55 Cyrolexis Grant, 1965:89 Cyrtaena .—Hall, 1867 [misspelling of Cyrtina] Cyrtalosia Termier and Termier, 1970:455 Cyrtella Fredericks, [ 1924a]: 312 Cyrtia Dalman, 1828:92 Cyrtina Davidson, 1858:66 Cyrtinaella Fredericks, 1916:18 *Cyrtmaelhna Fredericks, 1926:414 [= Cyrtina ] f Cyrtinopsis Fredericks, 1916 [replacement by Davidsonella Fredericks invalid, Davidsonella preoccupied; replaced by Davidsomna ] Cyrtinopsis Scupin, 1896:247 Cyrtiopsis Grabau, 1923:194 Cyrtomscus Boucot and Harper, 1968:172 Cyrtonotella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:243 Cyrtospirifer Nalivkin, 1924, in Fredericks, [ 1924a]:312 f Cyrtotheca Bittner, 1890 [replaced by Thecocyrtella] Cyrtolhyns Middlemiss, 1959:123 Dabashanospira Fu, 1979 [nomen nudum] Dactylogoma Ulrich and Cooper, 1942:624 Dactylotreta Rowell and Henderson, 1978:3 Daghamrhynchia Muir-Wood, 1935:82 Dagnachonetes Afanasjeva, 1978:66 Dalaia Plodowski, 1968:256 *Dalejina Havlicek, 1953:5 [= Mendacella] *Dalejodiscus Havlicek, 1961b:449 [= Plectodonta] Dalerhynchus Bai, 1978, in Yoh and Bai, 1978:54 Dalinuna Lee and Gu, 1976:245 Dalligas Steinich, 1968b:336 Dallina Beecher, 1893:382 Dallinella Thomson, 1915a: 75 Dallithyns Muir-Wood, 1959:303 Dalmanella Hall and Clarke, 1892:205 *Dalmanellopsis Khalfin, 1948:208 [= Levenea ] Danella Pajaud, 1966a:70 ( Danocrania ) Rosenkrantz, 1964:515 [subgenus of Crania] Darvasia Licharew, 1934a:213 Dasyalosia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:77 Dasysana Cooper and Grant, 1969:9 Datangia Yang, 1977:369; 1978a:122; 1978b:268 t Davidsonella Fredericks, 1926 [invalid new name for Cyrtin¬ opsis Fredericks, 1916, Davidsonella preoccupied; re¬ placed by Davidsomna ] Davidsonella Munier-Chalmas, 1880:279 f Davidsonella Waagen, 1885 [replaced by Lakhmina ] Davidsonia Bouchard, 1849:92 Davidsoniatrypa Lenz, 1968:182 Davidsomna Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:120 [new name for Davidsonella Fredericks, 1926] Daviesiella Waagen, 1884:613 Davoustia Racheboeuf, 1976:68 Dawsonelloides Boucot and Harper, 1968:165 Daya. —Koken, 1896 [misspelling of Dayia ] Dayia Davidson, 1881 c:291 *Dearborma Walcott, 1908:78 [= Acrothele ] Decoropugnax Havlicek, 1960:244 Decurtella Gaetani, 1966:344 Dedzetina Havlicek, 1950:33 Delepinea Muir-Wood, 1962:99 12 Dellachama Waterhouse, 1971, in Bamber and Waterhouse, 1971:217 Deltarina Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2012 Dellathyns. —Herrmannsen, 1846 (misspelling of Delthyris ] *Deltatreta Ulrich, 1916 [nomen nudum]; 1926, in Butts, 1926:100 [= Polyloechia ] Delthindaea. —Gray, 1848 (misspelling of Delthyndaea] Delthyndaea McCoy, 1844 [nomen nudum] De/thyndea. —Agassiz, 1846 [misspelling of Delthyndaea] Delthyris Dalman, 1828:120 *Deltorthis Ulrich, 1927 [nomen nudum; = Polytoechia] Demonedys Grant, 1976:66 **Denckmannella Schuchert and LeVene, 1929 [new name for Denckmanma\ f Denckmanma Holzapfel, 1908 [replaced by Macroplectane and Denckmanne!la\ ** Dentatrypa Breivel, 1959 [= Vagrama ] Denlicuhphona Licharew, 1956, in Kiparisova et al., 1956: 57 Denlospinfenna Dagys, 1965:109 *Deothossia Gatinaud, 1949:488 [= Cyrtospinfer ] Derbyaeconcha Licharew, 1934, in Zittel, 1934:507 Derbyella Grabau, 1931 b:270 Derbyta Waagen, 1884:594 Derbyina Clarke, 1913b:212 f Derbyina Grabau, 1931 [replaced by Grabauellina] Derbyoides Dunbar and Condra, 1932:115 Dereta Elliott, 1959:147 Desatrypa Copper, 1964:363 Desmoinesia Hoare, 1960:226 Desmorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:624 Desquamatia Alekseeva, 1960:421 Destombesium Havh'cek, 1971c:58 Devonalosia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:84 Devonamphislrophia Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 159 (Devonana) Biernat, 1966:77 [subgenus of Eodevonana] Devonochonetes Muir-Wood, 1962:43 Devonogypa Havh’cek, 1951:3 Devonoproductus Stainbrook, 1943a:55 Diabolirhynchia Drot, 1963:111 Diamboma Cooper and Kindle, 1936:356 Diandongia Rong, 1974:113 Diaphelasma Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:629 Diaphragmus Girty, 1910:218 Diazoma Diirkoop, 1970:195 Dicaelosia. —King, 1850 [misspelling of Dicoelosia | Dicamara Hall and Clarke, 1893:73 Dicamaropsis Amsden, 1968:85 Dicellomus Hall, 187la:3 Diceromyoma Wang, 1949:35 Dichospinfer Brice, 1970:192 Dichozygopleura Renouf, 1972:121 Diclipsites Rafinesque, 1831 [incertae sedis] Diclisma Rafinesque, 1831 [incertae sedis] SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Dicoelosia King, 1850:106 Dicoeloslrophia Wang, 1955:351 *Dicramscus Meek, 1872:280 [= Tnplesia] Dicrosia Cooper, 1978:12 Dictyoclostoidea Wang and Ching, 1964, in Wang et al., 1964:265 Dictyoclostus Muir-Wood, 1930:103 Dictyonathyns Xu, 1978b:287 Dictyonella Hall, 1868:274 Dictyomna Cooper, 1942:228 [new name for Iphidella Wal¬ cott, 1912] Dictyomtes Cooper, 1956c: 187 *Dictyostrophia Caster, 1939:42 [= Megaslrophia} Dictyothyns Douviile, 1879:267 Dictyothyropsis Barczyk, 1969:66 Dicysloconcha Termier, Termier, Lapparent, and Marin, 1974:123 Didymelasma Cooper, 1956c:615 Didymoparcium Lenz, 1977:62 Didymospira Salomon, 1895 [a group term, not generic] Didymothyns Rtibel and Modzalevskaja, 1967:238 Dielasma King, 1859:260 Dielasmella Weller, 1911:447 Dielasmina Waagen, 1882:359 *Dielasmoides Weller, 1911:444 [= Dielasma] **Dienerella Reed, 1931 [= Waagemtes] **Dienerma Ozaki, 1931 [= Elivina] Diensma Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:133 Diestothyris Thomson, 1916b:504 *Digitia Gregorio, 1930a:32 [= Leptodus\ Dignomia Hall, 1871a:2 [nomen nudum]; 1872, plate 13. Digonella Muir-Wood, 1934:550 Diholkorhynchia Yang and Xu, 1966:24 Dimegelasma Cooper, 1942:232 Dimerella Zittel, 1870:222 *Dinapophysia Maillieux, 1935:5 [= Straelema ] Dinarella Bittner, 1892:25 Dinanspira Dagys, 1974:131 Dinobolus Hall, 1871a:4 ( Dinorthis) Hall and Clarke, 1892:195 [subgenus of Plaesi- omys] Dionstella Bittner, 1890:299 Diorthelasma Cooper, 1956c:997 *Diorthis Kobayashi, 1937 [nomen nudum; = Dinorthis ] Diparelasma Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:623 Diphyites Schroeter, 1779; Hermannsen, 1846 [nonbinom¬ ial] Diplanus Stehli, 1954:299 Diplonorthis Mitchell, 1977:30 Diplospirella Bittner, 1890:297 Duaphora Bell, 1941:243 Dinnus McCoy, 1844:44 Discina Lamarck, 1819:237 Discimsca Dali, 1871 b:37 NUMBER 42 13 *Discinolepis Waagen, 1885:750 [= Schizopholis] Discinopsis Matthew, 1892, in Hall and Clarke, 1892:106 Discomyorthis Johnson, 1970b:84 Discotreta Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:619 Discradisca Stenzel, 1964:627 Discuhna Deslongchamps, 1884:231 Dispiriferina Siblik, 1965:79 Ditreta Biernat, 1973:65 Divancosta Cooper and Grant, 1969:11 Dmitna Sidiachenko, 1961:80 Dmitnspirifer Ljaschenko, 1973:126 Dnestrma Nikiforova and Modzalevskaja, 1968:206 Doleroides Cooper, 1930:375 Dolerorthis Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:244 Doloresella Sando, 1957:122 Donella Rotai, 1931:29 Dongbaella Ching and Ye, 1979:127 Dorashamia Sarytcheva, 1965, in Ruzhentsev and Saryt- cheva, 1965:217 Dorsisinus Sanders, 1958, in Easton et al., 1958:53 Dorsoplicathyris Almeras, 1971:437 Dorsoscyphus Roberts, 1971:50 Dorytreta Cooper, 1956c: 666 (.Dotswoodia ) McKellar, 1970:19 [subgenus of Whidbornella ] Douvillina Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1282 Douvillinaria Stainbrook, 1945:23 Douvillinella Spriestersbach, 1925:432 Douvillinoides Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 152 Dowhatama Waterhouse and Gupta, 1978b: 127 Drabodiscina Havh'cek, 1972:231 Draborthis Marek and Havlicek, 1967:280 Drabovia Havlicek, 1950:45 Drabovinella Havlicek, 1950:50 Dracius Steinich, 1967:1146 Drahanorhynchus Havlicek, 1967a: 203 Drahanostrophia Havh'cek, 1967a: 202 Drepanorhyncha Cooper, 1956c: 62 7 *Drummuckina Bancroft, 1949b: 12 [= Strophomena] Duartea Mendes, 1959:59 Dubana Termier, 1936:1266 Dubioleptina Havlicek, 1967a: 70 *DuLankarella Rukavischnikova, 1956:135 [= Leptestuna ] Dundrythyns Almeras, 1971:189 Durranella Percival, 1979a:96 Duryeella Boucot, 1975:370 Dushamrhynchia Wang and Zhu, 1979:42 Dyctionella. —Oehlert, 1887 [misspelling of Dictyonella\ Dyoros Stehli, 1954:312 Dyschrestia Grant, 1976:101 Dyscolia Fischer and Oehlert, 1890:71 Dyscritothyris Cooper, 1979:15 Dysoristus Bell, 1944, in Lochman and Duncan, 1944:146 Dysozistus .—Gorjansky, 1960 [misspelling of Dysoristus] Dyticospirifer Johnson, 1966b: 1043 Dzieduszyckia Siemiradzki, 1909:85 Dziruhna Nutsubidze, 1945:188 Eatoma Hall, 1857:90 Eatonioides McLearn, 1918:138 Eccentricosta Berdan, 1963:254 Echinalosia Waterhouse, 1967b: 167 [new name for Multi- spinula Waterhouse, 1966] Echinaria Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:248 Echinauns Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:222 (Echinirhynchia ) Childs, 1969:73 [subgenus of Acanthorhyn- chia ] Echinocoelia Cooper and Williams, 1935:844 Echinocoeliopsis Hamada, 1968b: 17 Echinoconchus Weller, 1914:138 Echinospinfer Ljaschenko, 1973:109 Echinosteges Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:102 Ecnomiosa Cooper, 1977:129 Ectenoglossa Sinclair, 1945:63 Ectochoristites Campbell, 1957:71 Ectoposia Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2898 Ectorensselandia Johnson, 1973b: 1105 ( Ectorhipidium) Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum; = ( Ectorhip- idium) Boucot and Johnson, 1979] (. Ectorhipidium) Boucot and Johnson, 1979:102 [subgenus of Rhipidium] \Edreja Koneva, 1979:49 Edriosteges Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:103 Ehlersella Boucot and Johnson, 1966a:569 Eichwaldia Billings, 1858:192 Eifelatrypa Copper, 1973:497 (Eilotreta ) Amsden, 1968:36 [subgenus of Onychotreta ] Elasmothyris Cooper, 1956c: 984 Elassonia Cooper and Grant, 1976a: 1935 Elenchas Aleksandrov, 1973:118 Eleutherocrania Huene, 1899:212 Eleutherokomma Crickmay, 1950:219 f Elina Fredericks, 1924 [replaced by Elinona ] *Ehnoria Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Elina ; = Brachythyrina] Elita Fredericks, 1918:87 Eliva Fredericks, [1924a]:319 Elivella Fredericks, [1924a]: 316 *Elivina Fredericks, [ 1924a]:314 [= Spiriferella] Elkania Ford, 1886:325 [new name for Billingsia] Ella Fredericks, 1918:87 Elliottella Stehli, 1955b: 711 [new name for Psilonotus ] Elliottina Pajaud, 1963:996 *Ellipsothyris Sahni, 1925:371 [= Cameithyris ] Elhptoglossa Cooper, 1956c:242 Elliptostrophia Havlicek, 1963b: 225 Elmaria Nalivkin, 1947:133; 1951:28 *Elsaella Alichova, 1960:192 [new name for Bekkerella Ro- senstein, 1943; = Heterorthina] 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Elyrnospinfer Wang, 1974, in Wang et al., 1974:40 Elyta. —Ivanova, 1960 [misspelling of Elita] Elytha. —Fredericks, 1924 [misspelling of Elita] Elythyna Rzonsnitzkaja, 1952:61 Emanuella Grabau, 1923:192 Emeithyns Xu, 1978b:301 Enallosia Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2859 Enanliosphen Whidborne, 1893:97 Enantiosphenella Johnson, 1974:67 Enchondrospinfer Brice, 1970:175 **Encuclodema Foerste, 1912 [invalid new name for Cyclocoelia, Cydocoeha not preoccupied] Enigmalosia Czarniecki, 1969:272 Enteles. —Schellwien, 1892; Clark, 1903 [misspelling of Enteletes] Enteletella Licharew, 1926:719 Enteletes Fischer de Waldheim, 1825:6 Enteletma Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:247 Enleleloides Stuckenberg, 1905:60 Eoamphistrophia Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 154 Eoanastrophia Nikiforova and Sapelnikov, 1973:65 Eobrachythyns Brice, 1970:182 Eochoneles Reed, 1917:915 Eochonstiles Chu, 1933:29 Eocoelia Nikiforova, 1961, in Nikiforova and Andreeva, 1961:252 Eoconcha Cooper, 1951:4 Eoconchidium Rozman, 1967:62 Eoconulus Cooper, 1956c: 283 Eocramatia Williams, 1974:129 Eodallina Elliott, 1959:146 Eodalmanella Havlicek, 1950:24 Eodevonana Breger, 1906:534 Eodinobolus Rowell, 1963:37 Eoglossinotoechia Havlicek, 1959b:81 Eogryphus Hertlein and Grant, 1944:89 Eohemithms Hertlein and Grant, 1944:55 Eohemithyns. —Cooper, 1959 [rejected emendation of Eo- hemithins] Eohowellella Lopushinskaja, 1976:79 Eokarpinskia Rzonsnitzkaja, 1964:103 Eokirkidium Khodalevich and Sapelnikov, 1970:196 Eolacazella Elliott, 1953:694 Eolissochonetes Hoare, 1960:220 Eolytloma Fredericks, [ 1924b]: 25 Eomargimfera Muir-Wood, 1930:103 ( Eomargimfenna) Brunton, 1966:230 [subgenus of Eomargm- ifera ] Eomarhmopsis Sokolskaja, 1941:78 (Eomegaslrophia) Cocks, 1967:260 [subgenus of Megastro- phia] Eonalivkima Vladimirskaya, 1978 [nomen nudum] *Eoobolus Matthew, 1902:97 |= Obolus ] Eoorthis Walcott, 1908:103 Eoparaphorhynchus Sartenaer, 196la:2 Eopentamerifera Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum] Eoperegrmella Ager, 1964:61 Eopholidostrophia Harper, Johnson, and Boucot, 1967:411 Eoplectodonta Kozlowski, 1929:30 Eoplicanopha Boucot and Harper, 1968:168 *Eoreliculana Nalivkin, 1924, in Fredericks, [ 1924a]:314 [ = Reticulanopsis] Eorhipidomella Hints, 1971:266 Eoschuchertella Gratsianova, 1974:83 Eoseptaliphona Ching and Sun, 1976, in Ching et al., 1976: 294 Eosophragmophora Wang, 1974, in Wang et al., 1974:36 Eosotrematorthis Wang, 1955:336 Eospinatrypa Copper, 1973:496 Eospinfer Schuchert, 1913, in Zittel, 1913:41 1 Eospirifenna Grabau, 1931a:494 ( Eospmgenna ) Boucot and Johnson, 1967a:90 [subgenus of Spmgenna ] Eoslrophalosia Stainbrook, 1943a:58 ( Eostropheodonla) Bancroft, 1949a:9 [subgenus of Stropho- donta ] f Eostrophia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936 (replaced by Cambro- trophia] Eostrophomena Walcott, 1905:256 (Eostrophonella) Williams, 1950:282 [subgenus of Stropho- nella] Eosynngolhyns Stainbrook, 1943b:431 Eousella Ovtsharenko, 1976:26 **Epacroplecia Williams, 1962 [= Craigella] Ephippelasma Cooper, 1956c:261 Epicelia Grant, 1972:224 Epuyrta Deslongchamps, 1884:275 Epithyns Phillips, 1841:55 Epilhyroides Xu, 1978b:306 Epithyrus. — Paetel, 1875 [misspelling of Epit/iyris ] Epilomyoma Wright, 1968:128 ( Equiroslra) Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Isorhynchus\ subgenus of Porambomtes] Ereclocephalus Xian, 1978a:334 Eremithyns Brugge, 1973:197 Erernotoechia Cooper, 1956c:513 Eremolrema Cooper, 1956c:960 Erxciatia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:172 Endmatus Branson, 1966:75 Endorthis Foerste, 1909a:223 Erymnaria Cooper, 1959:64 Erymma Cooper, 1977:92 Espella Nilova, 1965:102 Estlandia Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:245 Estomrhynchia Schmidt, 1954:236 Elhendgina Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1278 Etymothyns Cloud, 1942:59 Eucalathis Fischer and Oehlert, 1890:72 NUMBER 42 15 Euchanlina Schmidt, 1955:121 Eudesella Munier-Chalmas, 1880:279 Eudesia King, 1850:144 Eudesites Rioult, 1966:74 Eudoxtna Fredericks, 1929:382 Euidothyris Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:101 Eumetabololoechia Sartenaer, 1975:3 Eumetna Hall, 1863:54 *Eunella Hall and Clark, 1893:290 [= Cranaena] t Eunoa Clarke, 1902 [replaced by Oxlosia] **Euobolus Mickwitz, 1896 [= Obolus] Euorthisina Havh'cek, 1950:16 **Euproductus Whitehouse, 1928 [= Linoproductus ] Euractinella Bittner, 1890:303 Eurekasp infer Johnson, 1966b: 1045 **Eurhynchonella Leidhold, 1920 [= Rhynchonella ] Eurycolporhynchus Sartenaer, 1968d:566 Euryspinfer Wedekind, 1926:202 *Eurytatospirifer Gatinaud, 1949:487 [= Cyrtospinfer] Eurythyris Cloud, 1942:63 Eurylrela Rowell, 1966:9 Euterebratula Makridin, 1954 [nomen nudum] Eulhyns Quenstedt, 1869 [rejected name proposed to re¬ place Athyns] Euxinella Moisseiev, 1936:41 Evanescirostrum Sartenaer, 1965a: 8 Evenkina Andreeva, 1961, in Nikiforova and Andreeva, 1961:96 Evenkinorthis Yadrenkina, 1977:27 Evenkorhynchia Rozman, 1969:102 ( Exatrypa) Copper, 1967a: 123 [subgenus of Spinatrypina ] Excavatorhynchia Jin and Fang, 1977:44 Exceptolhyns Sucic-Protic, 1971:37 Faksethyns Asgaard, 1971:385 Falafer Grant, 1972:217 Fallax Atkins, 1960:72 Fatlaxispirifer Su, 1976:226 Falsatrypa Havlicek, 1956:584 Famalinorthis Levy and Nullo, 1973:146 Fardenia Lamont, 1935:311 Fascicosta Stehli, 1955c: 71 Fascicostella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:246 Fasciculina Cooper, 1952b: 7 Fascifera Ulrich and Cooper, 1942:620 Fascistropheodonta Harper and Boucot, 1978c:24 Fascizetina Havh'cek, 1975:232 Felinotoechia Havlicek, 196la:73 Fenestrirostra Cooper, 1955a:57 Fenxiangella Wang, 1978:224 Ferganella Nikiforova, 1937:77 Ferganoproductus Galitzkaja, 1977:33 Ferrax Havlicek, 1975:231 Ferrythyns Almeras, 1971:218 Fezzanoglossa Havlicek, 1973, in Havlicek and Massa, 1973: 273 Ffynnonia Neuman and Bates, 1978:592 Fibulistrophia Garcia-Alcalde, 1972b:43 Fidespinfer Ljaschenko, 1973:129 Filiconcha Dear, 1969:299 \Fimbnana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960 [replaced by Fimbrima ] Firnbnma Cooper, 1972a:450 [new name for Fimbnana] Fimbriothyns Deslongchamps, 1884:273 Firnbnspinfer Cooper, 1942:231 Fmkelnburgia Walcott, 1905:277 Finospmfer Ying, 1979 [nomen nudum] Fissirhynchia Pearson, 1977:48 Fissirostra. —Orbigny, 1847 [misspelling of Fissuriroslra} *Fissunrostra Orbigny, 1847:269 [= Tngonosemus ] Fistulogomtes Neuman, 1971:117 Fitzroyella Veeve rs, 1959:104 Flabelluhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:65 Flabellocyrtia Chorowicz and Termier, 1975:235 Flabellothyris Deslongchamps, 1884:263 Flabelluhrostrum Sartenaer, 1971:5 f Fletcherma Stehli, 1961 [replaced by Fletchenthyns ] Flelchenlhyns Campbell, 1965:24 [new name for Fletcherma ] Flelchenthyroides Dagys, 1977a: 14 Flexana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:259 Fluctuana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:304 Foliomena Havh'cek, 1952:413 Fordima Walcott, 1908:65 Forma Gregorio, 1930a:28 Formosarhynchia Seifert, 1963:177 (Fossatrypa ) Mizens and Rzonsnitzkaja, 1979:62 [subgenus of Mumeratrypa ] Foveola Gorjansky, 1969:30 Franklinella Lenz, 1973:1405 Fredencksia Paeckelmann, 1931 b:48 [new name for Muma ] *Frenula Dali, 1871a:55 [= Macandrevia ] Frenulina Dali, 1895:724 Fneleia Dali, 1895:714 Fulcnphona Carls, 1974:176 Furcirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:59 Furcitella Cooper, 1956c:876 Fusella McCoy, 1844:128 Fusichonetes Liao, 1979 [nomen nudum] Fusiproductus Waterhouse, 1975:12 Fusirhynchia Dagys, 1968:68 Fusispinfer Waterhouse, 1966:43 Gacella Williams, 1962:222 Gacina Stehli, 196lb:458 *Gagnella Moisseiev, 1939:193 [= Kolhidaella ] Galateastrophia Harper and Boucot, 1978c:25 Galeatella Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:174 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY f Galeatella Sapelnikov and Rukavischnikova, 1975 [re¬ placed by Galeatellina] Galeatellina Sapelnikov and Rukavischnikova, 1976:122 [new name for Galeatella Sapelnikov and Rukavischni¬ kova, 1975] Galliennithyns Rollet, 1966:304 Gamdaella Miloradovich, 1947:92 Gamonetes Isaacson, 1977a: 168 Gamphalosia Stainbrook, 1945:33 Gannama Fu, 1979 [nomen nudum] Gasconsia Northrop, 1939:161 Gaspesia Clarke, 1907:277 Gastrodetoechia Sartenaer, 1965a:2 Gefoma Licharew, 1936a:264 Gegenella Lee and Gu, 1976:237 Geimtzia Hall, 1889 [nomen nudum; = Conolreta] Gelidorthina Havlicek, 1974:168 Gelidorthis Havlicek, 1968:125 Gemerithyris Siblik, 1977:203 Gemmarcula Elliott, 1947:145 f Gemmellana Fabiani and Ruiz, 1933 [invalid new name for Canavana, Gemmellana preoccupied; replaced by Sicelia ] Gemmellaroia Cossman, 1898:77 [new name for Megarhyn- chus} *Gemmellaroiella Mabuti, 1937:16 [= Gemmellaroia ] Gemmulicosla Waterhouse, 1971, in Bamber and Water- house, 1971:210 Gemculifera Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:187 (Gemculomclearmtes) Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 132 [subgenus of Mc/earnites] Georgethyns Minato, 1953:68 Geranocephalus Crickmay, 1954:157 Gerassimovia Licharew, 1956, in Kiparisova et al., 1956:59 Gerothyns Struve, 1970:537 Geyerella Schellwien, 1900:12 t Geyena Carapezzi and Schopen, 1899 [replaced by Cara- pezzia ] Gibberostrophia Harper and Boucot, 1978a:79 Gibbuhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:43 Gibbithyris Sahni, 1925:372 (Gibbochonetes ) Aisenverg, 1971:70 [subgenus of Delepinea] Gibbospinfer Waterhouse, 1971, in Bamber and Water- house, 1971:221 f Gigantella Sarytcheva, 1928 [replaced by Gigantoproductus] Gigantoproductus Prentice, 1950:437 [new name for Gigan¬ tella ] Gigantorhynchus Sapelnikov and Malygina, 1977:62 Giganlolhyns Seifert, 1963:180 Gilledia Stehli, 1961 a:451 Giraldibella Havlicek, 1977a:87 Giraldiella Bancroft, 1949a:5 Giriasia Gregorio, 1930a:21 Girlyetla Weller, 1911:443 Gisilina Steinich, 1963:735 Gjelispimfera Ivanova, 1975:86 Glabnchonetina Waterhouse, 1978:130 Glaciarcula Elliott, 1956:285 Gladiostrophia Havlicek, 1967a: 141 Glassia Davidson, 1881b: 11 Glassina Hall and Clarke, 1893:97 Glazewskia Pajaud, 1964 [nomen nudum]; 1964:260 Glendoma McClung and Armstrong, 1978:2 Globiella Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:305 Globuhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:48 Globispinfer Tachibana, 1964:37 Globithyris Cloud, 1942:82 Globosobucma Waterhouse and Piyasin, 1970:123 Globosochonetes Brunton, 1968:48 Glossella Cooper, 1956c: 228 Glosseudesia Lobatscheva, 1974:146 Glosshypolhyndina Rzonsnitzkaja, 1978:180 f Glossina Phillips, 1848 [replaced by Palaeoglossa ] (Glossinotoechia) Havlicek, 1959b:79 [subgenus of Glossinu- lus] Glossinulina Johnson, 1975:958 Glossinulus Schmidt, 1942:394 Glossoleplaena Havlicek, 1967a: 115 Glossorthis Opik, 1930:82 **Glossoslrophia Williams, 1950 [= Leptodontella ] Glossothins. —Gregorio, 1891 [misspelling of Glossothyns] * *Glossothyns Douville, 1879 [= Nucleata ] Glossothyropsis Girty, 1934:251 Gloltidia Dali, 1870:157 Glyptacrothele Termier and Termier, 1974:45 Glyptamboniles Cooper, 1956c:713 Glyplenna Boucot, 1970:984 Glyptias Walcott, 1901:675 f Glyptoglossa Cooper, 1956 [replaced by Glyplogtossella] Glyploglossella Cooper, 1960:601 [new name for Glypto¬ glossa ] Glyptomena Cooper, 1956c: 881 Glyplona Cooper, 1976:281 Glyptorthis Foerste, 1914:258 Glyptospinfer Hou and Xian, 1975:72 Glyptosteges Cooper and Grant, 1975:877 Glyptolrophia LHrich and Cooper, 1936b:627 Gmelinmagas Marinelarena, 1964:268 Gnathorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:29 Goleomixa Grant, 1976:180 Gonarnbonites Pander, 1830:77 Gondolina Ching and Liao, 1966, in Wang et al., 1966:412 Gomanna Cooper and Grant, 1969:2 Gomclis Rafinesque, 1819; 1831 [nomina nuda] *Gomocoelia Hall, 1861:101 |= Pentagoma ] Gomophona Janischewsky, 1910:81 Gomorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:52 Gomothyrella Tchorszhewsky, 1973; 1974 [nomina nuda] Gomolhyns Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:117 NUMBER 42 17 Gomotrema Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:626 Gonotrema Rafinesque, 1820 [nomen nudum] Gorgostrophia Havlicek, 1967a: 136 (Golatrypa) Struve, 1966:129 [subgenus of Alrypa] Gollandia Dali, 1870 [new name for Tnmerella, withdrawn by Dali in 1871] *Grabauellina Licharew, 1934, in Zittel, 1934:507 [new name for Derbyina Grabau, 1931; = Derbyta] *Grabauicyrttopsis Gatinaud, 1949:490 [= Cyrtiopsis ] *Grabauispmfer Gatinaud, 1949:413 [= Cyrtospinfer ] Gracianella Johnson and Boucot, 1967:868 Graciloloechia Baranov, 1977:78 Grammetana Cooper, 1959:58 Grammorhynchus Roberts, 1971:144 Grandaunspina Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:306 Grandirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:40 * Grandispinfer Yan, 1959:1 16 [= Umspirifer ] Grantoma Brown, 1953:60 Granulirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:64 Grasirhynchia Owen, 1968:19 Graliculalia Gupta and Waterhouse, 1979 [nomen nudum] **Graliosina Grant, 1976 [= Transennatia] Grayina Boucot, 1975:354 Greenfieldia Grabau, 1910, in Grabau and Sherzer, 1910: 148 *Greenockia Brown, 1952:91 [= Hemiplethorhynchus ] Grorudia Spjeldnaes, 1957:61 Gruenewaldtia Tschernyschew, 1885:46 Grumantia Ustritsky, 1963, in Ustritsky and Tschernjak, 1963:70 Gryphus Megerle von Miihlfeld, 1811:64 Guangshunia Xian, 1978a:318 Guangxuspinfer Xian, 1978a:316 Gublena Termier and Termier, 1960:241 **Guenchella Paeckelmann, 1913 [invalid new name for Adol- fia, Adolfia not preoccupied] *Guenchia Wedekind, 1926 [nomen nullum; = Adolfia ] Guicyrtia Wang and Zhu, 1979:59 Guizhouella Yang, 1978a: 124 Gunnarella Spjeldnaes, 1957:149 Gunmngblandella Percival, 1979a: 111 Gusarella Prosorovskaja, 1962:111 *Gusenplia Dagys, 1963:107 [= Sinucosta] Gultasella Neuman, 1977:31 Gwyma King, 1859:258 Gypidia Dalman, 1828 [invalid name; = Pentamerus ] Gypidium. —Beyrich, 1837 [misspelling of Gypidia] Gypidula Hall, 1867b: 163 Gypidulella Khodalevich and Breivel, 1959, in Khodalevich et al., 1959:26 Gypidulina Rzonsnitzkaja, 1956, in Kiparisova et al., 1956: 49 Gypospinfer Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2210 Gyrosona Cooper, 1973c:386 Gyrolhyns Thomson, 1918:28 Hadrorhynchia McLaren, 1961:3 Hadrotreta Rowell, 1966:12 Hadyrhyncha Havlicek, 1979:98 Hagabirhynchia Jefferies, 1961, in Hudson and Jefferies, 1961:5 Hallina Winchel! and Schuchert, 1892:292 Halorella Bittner, 1884:107 Halorellina Xu, 1978b:276 Halorelloidea Ager, 1960:159 Hamburgia Weller, 1911:446 *Hamletella Hayasaka, 1953:92 [= Orthothetma ] Hamlmgella Reed, 1943:78 Hamplomna Rollier, 1919:360 Hanaeproductus Ficner and Havlicek, 1978:65 Hansolreta Krause and Rowell, 1975:46 Hanusitrypa Havlicek, 1967b:443 Haplospinfer Lee and Gu, 1976:280 Harknessella Reed, 1917:862 Harpidium Kirk, 1925:2 Harnngtonina Boucot, 1972, in Amos, 1972:10 Harttella Bell, 1929:149 *Harttina Hall and Clarke, 1893:292 [= Romingenna ] Havlicekia Boucot, 1963:693 Haydenella Reed, 1944:79 Haydenoides Chan, 1977:352; 1979, in Hou et al., 1979:82 Hebertella Hall and Clarke, 1892:198 Hebetoechia Havlicek, 1959b: 79 **Hectoria Trechmann, 1918 [invalid new name for Clavigera , Hectona preoccupied; replaced by Hectonna ; Clavigera not preoccupied] **Hectonna Finlay, 1927 [invalid new name for Hectoria ; Clavigera not preoccupied] Hedeina Boucot, 1957:323 ( Hedstroemina ) Bancroft, 1929:58 [subgenus of Kjaenna ] Heimia Haas, 1890:87 Helaspis Imbrie, 1959:400 Helenathyns Alekseeva, 1969:1157 Helmersema Pander, 1861:48 Helvetella Owen, 1977:221 Hemichonetes Racheboeuf, 1979 [nomen nudum]; in Hav¬ licek and Racheboeuf, 1979:83 Hemileurus Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2018 Hemiplethorhynchus Peetz, 1898:181 ( Hemipromtes ) Pander, 1830:74 [subgenus of Clitambomtes] Hemiptychina Waagen, 1882:363 Hemithiris Orbigny, 1847:268 Hemithyns. — Bronn, 1848 [misspelling of Hernithins] Hemithyropsis Katz, 1974:254 Hemitoechia Nikiforova, 1970:103 Hercosestria Cooper and Grant, 1969:7 Hercosia Cooper and Grant, 1969:8 Hercostrophia Williams, 1950:277 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Hercothyrxs Cooper, 1979:25 Hespenma Cooper, 1956c:822 Hespenthyns Dubar, 1942:78 Hesperomena Cooper, 1956c: 744 Hesperonomia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:621 Hesperonomiella Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b: 622 Hesperorhynchia Warren, 1937:2 Hesperorthis Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:244 Hesperotrophia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:630 Heteralosia King, 1938:278 Heterana Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2276 Helereiasma Girty, [1909]: 337 *Heterelasmina Licharew, 1939:120 [= Jisuina ] Helerorthella Harper, Boucot, and Walmsley, 1969:79 Heterorthina Bancroft, 1928b:59 Heterorthis Hall and Clarke, 1892:202 Himalairhynchia Ching and Sun, 1976, in Ching et al., 1976:292 Hindella Davidson, 1882:130 Hinmphona. — Bronn, 1862 [misspelling of Hynmphona] Hippanomx V anuxem, 1842:124 Hippanonyx .—Auctorum [improper emendation of Hippa- nonix by subsequent authors] Hircimsca Havlicek, 1960:241 Hirnantia Lamont, 1935:313 Hirsutella Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Hirsutina ] f Hirsutina Kirchner, 1933 [replaced by Hirsutella} Hisingerella Henningsmoen, 1948, in Waern et ah, 1948: 388 Hispamrhynchia Thomson, 1927:159 Histosynnx Massa, Termier, and Termier, 1974:168 Holcorhynchella Dagys, 1974:1 10 Holcorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:28 Holcospinfer Bassett, Cocks, and Holland, 1976:620 Holcothyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:125 Hollardiella Drot, 1966:877 Holorhynchus Kiaer, 1902:68 Holosia Cooper and Grant, 1976a: 1971 Holotncharma Cooper and Grant, 1975:1173 Holtedahlina Foerste, 1924:123 Holynatrypa Havlicek, 1973:339 Holynetes Havlicek and Racheboeuf, 1979:97 Homevalia. —Campbell, 1959 [error by Campbell, should be Ingelarella ] Homoeorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:36 Homoeospira Hall and Clarke, 1893:112 Homoeospirella Amsden, 1968:90 *Homotreta Bell, 1941:230 [= Protolrela) Hontonalosia Martinez, 1979:119 Hoplotheca —Bigsby, 1878 [misspelling of Anoplolheca] Horderleyella Bancroft, 1928a: 178 Horndoma Chao, 1927:24 Hoskingia Campbell, 1965:52 Howellella Kozlowski, 1946:295 [new name for Cnspella ] Howellites Bancroft, 1945:203 Howittia Talent, 1956:34 Howseia Logan, 1963:756 Huenella Walcott, 1908:109 Huenelhna Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:247 Hunanella Lee, 1939 [nomen nudum] Hunanoproductus Hou, 1965:117 *Hunanospirifer Tien, 1938:139 [= Cyrtospinfer] Hunganspira Dagys, 1972a: 102 Hungaritheca Dagys, 1972b:97 Hustedia Hall and Clarke, 1893:120 Hustedtiella Dagys, 1972a: 100 Hyalella. —Cossmann, 1898 [misspelling of Hyattella] f Hyattella Hall and Clarke, 1894 [replaced by Hyattidina] Hyattidina Schuchert, 1913, in Zittel, 1913:415 [new name for Hyattella ] Hyborhynchella Cooper, 1955a:59 Hynmphona Suess, 1859a:44 ( Hyponeatrypa ) Struve, 1966:137 [subgenus of Atrypa] Hypopsia Cooper and Grant, 1974:272 Hypothyridina Buckman, 1906b:324 [new name for Hypo- thyris King, 1846] f Hypothyns King, 1846 [replaced by Hypothyridina ] ** Hypothyns Phillips, 1841 [= Kallirhynchia ] Hypseloterorhynchus Sartenaer, 1971:2 Hypsiptycha Wang, 1949:17 Hypsomyonia Cooper, 1955a:53 Hysterolites Schlotheim, 1820:247 \Hyslricina Stainbrook, 1945 [replaced by Spinatrypa] Hyslnculina Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:211 Ibenrhynchia Drot and Westbroek, 1966:165 Iberithyns Kvakhadze, 1971 [nomen nudum]; 1972:75 *lcodonta Bell, 1941:213 [= Micromitra ] ( ldioglyptus) Northrop, 1939:173 [subgenus of Cymostrophia ] *Idiorlhis McLearn, 1924:56 [= Dalmanella] Idiospira Cooper, 1956c:691 Idiostrophia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:631 Ihenngithyns Levy, 1961:84 Ikella Tjazheva, 1972:205 Ilmannia Opik 1934:125 Ilmenia Nalivkin, 1941:186 Ilmemspina Havlicek, 1959a:257 Ilmospinfer Ljaschenko, 1969a: 18 Ilyinella Jassjukevitch, 1973:104 Imatrypa Havlicek, 1977b:300 Imbrexia Nalivkin, 1937:105 Imbncatia Cooper, 1952b: 21 *{Impena) Gregorio, 1930a:31 [subgenus of Lyttoma ; = Lep- todus ] Implexina Poletaev, 1971, in Aisenverg, 1971:79 Inaequalis Sucic-Protic, 1971:12 Incisius Grant, 1976:103 NUMBER 42 19 (■ Independatrypa ) Copper, 1973:493 [subgenus of Desquama- tia\ lndigia Barchatova, 1970 [nomen nudum]; 1973:100 Indorhynchia Ovtsharenko, 1975:124 Indospinfer Grabau, 1931a:359 Inflatia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:227 \Injurca Percival, 1979b: 185 *Ingelareila Campbell, 1959:341 [= Tomiopsis] Ingna Opik, 1930:57 *Iniathyris Besnossova, 1963, in Sarytcheva et al., 1963:312 [= Composita] Innuilella Crickmay, 1968:5 Inopinatarcula Elliott, 1952:2 Institella Cooper, 1942:230 Institifera Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:203 Institina Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:165 Inversella Opik, 1933a:21 Inversithyris Dagys, 1968:92 Invertrypa Struve, 1961:334 lolina Cooper and Grant, 1976a: 1944 lowatrypa Copper, 1973:495 f Iphidea Billings, 1872 [replaced by Iphidella Walcott, 1905] *Iphidella Walcott, 1905:304 (new name for Iphidea\ = Patenna\ \Iphidella Walcott, 1912 [replaced by Dictyomna] Irboskites Bekker, 1924:48 Irenolhyns Pojariskaja, 1966:27 Irgislella Tjazheva, 1972, in Tjazheva and Zhavoronkova, 1972:90 Irhirea Havlicek, 1971c:44 Indistrophia Havlicek, 1965a:292 *(Irma) Gregorio, 1930a:32 [subgenus of Lyttoma; = Leplo- dus\ Iru Opik, 1934:89 Ishimia Nikitin, 1974:59 *Isjuminella Makridin, 1954; 1955 [nomina nuda; = Isjumi- nehna] Isjuminelina Makridin, 1960, in Rzonsnitzkaja et al., 1960: 254 Ismema King, 1850:245 Isocrania Jaekel, 1902:1063 Isogramma Meek and Wort hen, 1870:35 Isophragma Cooper, 1956c: 733 Isopoma Torley, 1934:81 ■ \Isorhynchus King, 1850 [replaced by Equirostra] Isorthis Kozlowski, 1929:29 (. Isospinatrypa ) Struve, 1966:155 [subgenus of Spinatrypa] Isovella Breivel and Breivel, 1970a:52 Israelana Cooper, 1976:281 Isumithyris Hatai, 1948:498 Ithyris. —Bigsby, 1878 [misspelling of Athyris] * Iubagraspmfer Gatinaud, 1949:487 [= Cyrtospinfer ] * Iugrabaspinfer Gatinaud, 1949:487 [= Cyrtospinfer ] Ivanothyns Havlicek, 1957b:440 Ivanovia Ivanova, 1949 [nomen nudum?] Ivanoviella Makridin, 1954 [nomen nudum?]; 1955:83 Ivdehma Andronov, 1961:45 %lvshinella Koneva, 1979:54 Iwaispmfer Tachibana, 1964:39 Jaanussomtes Neuman, 1977:26 XJacobella Patte, 1926 [invalid new name for Austnella, Jacobella preoccupied; replaced by Austnellula] Jaffaia Thomson, 1927:254 Jaisalmena Sahni, 1955:187 (Jakutella) Abramov, 1970:119 [subgenus of Krotovia ] Jakutochonetes Afanasjeva, 1977a:31 Jakutoproductus Kaschirzev, 1959:28 Jamesella Walcott, 1905:252 Jamceps Freeh, 1901:551 Jamomya Havlicek, 1967a: 174 Jamus Havlicek, 1957a:245 Japamthyns Thomson, 1927:251 Jatsengina. —Ivanova, 1960 [transliteration of Yatsengina ] Jisuina Grabau, 1931 b: 105 Jimnella Havlicek, 1949a:94 Johnsonathyns Savage, Eberlein, and Churkin, 1978:381 Jolonica Dali, 1920:366 Jolvia Sapelnikov, 1960a:56 Junnanella. — Rzonsnitzkaja, 1958 [transliteration of Yun- nanella\ Junnanellina. —Rzonsnitzkaja, 1958 [transliteration of Yun- nanelhna] Juralina Kyansep, 1961:29 Juresania Fredericks, [1928]:792 Juvavella Bittner, 1888b: 127 Juvavellina Bittner, 1896:132 Jvanoviella.— Makridin, 1955 [transliteration of Ivanoviella\ Kabanoviella Smirnova, 1973:43 Kachathyns Smirnova, 1975b: 120 Kadrahproductus Galitzkaja, 1977:36 Kafirmgama Katz, 1962:138 Kallirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:31 Kamoica Hatai, 1936:313 Kaninospirifer Kulikov and Stepanov, 1975, in Stepanov et al., 1975:63 Kansuella Chao, 1928:68 Kaplex Ficner and Havlicek, 1975:362 Karabachia Askerov, 1965; 1967 [nomina nuda] Karabaghia Askerov, 1964 [nomen nudum] Karadagella Babanova, 1965:95 Karadagithyns Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum]; 1974:55 Karakulina Andreeva, 1972:55 Karavankina Ramovs, 1966 [nomen nudum]; 1969:253 Kardonikithyns Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum] Karlicium Havlicek, 1974:169 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Karpalholhyns Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum] Karpinskia Tschernyschew, 1885:49 Kasakhstama Besnossova, 1968, in Sarytcheva, 1968:179 Kassinella Borissiak, 1956, in Kiparisova et al., 1956:50 Kataslrophomena Cocks, 1968:293 Katuma Kulkov, 1963:54 Kayserella Hall and Clarke, 1892:259 Kaysena Davidson, 1882:21 Kayserlingia. — Beecher, 1891 [misspelling of Keyserlingia] Kelusia Mamedov, 1978:200 Kendzhilgithyns Ovtsharenko, 1977 [nomen nudum] Keratothyns Tuluweit, 1965:76 Kerpina Struve, 1961:333 *Kestomthyns Sahni, 1925:363 [= Gibbithyns] Keyserlingia Pander, 1861:46 Keyserlingina Tschernyschew, 1902:475 Khmganospirifer Su, 1976:221 (.Khodalevichia ) Boucot and Johnson, 1979:116 [subgenus of Kirkidium] Khodalevilchia Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum] Kiaeromena Spjeldnaes, 1957:183 Kiangsiella Grabau and Chao, 1927:103 Kikaithyns Yabe and Hatai, 1941:495 Kilethyns Yasamanov, 1977 [nomen nudum] Kindleina Savage, Eberlein, and Churkin, 1978:390 Kinelina Ljaschenko, 1969b:35 Kingena Davidson, 1852a:42 Kingenella Popiel-Barczyk, 1968:72 Kingenina Askerov, 1964; 1965; 1967 [nomina nuda] Kinghina Litvinovich, 1966:98; 1969, in Litvinovich et ah, 1969:252 Kingia .—Schloenbach, 1866 [misspelling of Kingena] Kmnella Bergstrom, 1968:11 Kirkidium Amsden, Boucot, and Johnson, 1967:865 Kirkina Salmon, 1942:598 Kisiha Nalivkin, 1979:146 Kitakamithyris Minato, 1951:374 Kjaenna Bancroft, 1929:43 Kjerulfina Bancroft, 1929:59 Klipsteinella Dagys, 1974:150 **Klitambomtes Pander, 1830 [= Clitambomtes ] Kochiproduclus Dunbar, 1955:107 [new name for Tschernys- chewiella\ Koeveskalltna Dagys, 1965:172 Kolhidaella Moisseiev, 1939:189 Kolymithyns Dagys, 1965:148 Komiella Barchatova, 1970 [nomen nudum] Komispinfer Ljaschenko, 1973:105 Komncketla Munier-Chalmas, 1880:280 Komnckia. —Suess, 1854 [misspelling of Komnckma] Koninckina Suess, 1853, in Davidson, 1853:92 Komnckodonta Bittner, 1893:137 Konslanlia Glazewski and Pajaud, 1970, in Pajaud, 1970: 189 Kortugina. — Davidson, 1871 [misspelling of Kulorgina] Kosinum Ficner and Havlicek, 1975:362 Kotujella Andreeva, 1962:94 Kozlowskia Fredericks, 1933:29 f Kozlowskiella Boucot, 1957 [replaced by Kozlowskiellina\ Kozlowskielhna Boucot, 1958:1031 [new name for Kozlows¬ kiella] (Kozlowskites) Havlicek, 1952:406 [subgenus of Eoplecto- donta\ Kransia Westbroek, 1967:81 f Kraussia Davidson, 1852 [replaced by Kraussina] Kraussina Davidson, 1859, in Suess, 1859b:210 [new name for Kraussia] Kraussimna. —Paetel, 1875 [misspelling of Kraussina] (Krejcigrafelta ) Struve, 1978:97 [subgenus of Schuchertellop- sis\ Krotovia Fredericks, [ 1928]: 780 Kueichowella Yang, 1978b:267 Kullervo Opik, 1932:70 Kulumbella Nikiforova, 1960:61 Kumbella Khodalevich, 1975:137 Kundatella Aksarina, 1978, in Aksarina and Pelman, 1978: 105 Kurakithyris Hatai, 1946:98; 1948:495 Kulchirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:54 Kutchilhyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:113 Kulorgina Billings, 1861a:8 Kulorginella Ivanova, 1951:329 Kuvelousia Waterhouse, 1968b: 1175 Kvesamrhynchia Kvakhadze, 1976:505 Kwangsia Grabau, 1931a:205 Kwangsiel/a. —Grabau, 1932 [misspelling of Kwangsia] Kwangsirhynchus Hou and Xian, 1975:38 Kymalolhyns Struve, 1970:533 (Kyrlatrypa) Struve, 1966:135 [subgenus of Atrypa] Labaia Licharew, 1956, in Kiparisova et ah, 1956:66 Laballa Moisseiev, 1962, in Dagys, 1962:51 Labnproducius Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Worthenella] Lacazella Munier-Chalmas, 1880:279 Lachrymula Graham, 1970:158 Lacunaerhynchia Almeras, 1966:97 Lacunarites Opik, 1934:175 Lacunites Gorjansky, 1969:103 Lacunosella Wisniewska, 1932:30 Ladjia Veevers, 1959:125 Ladogia Nalivkin, 1941:165 Ladogiella Opik, 1934:93 Ladogiformx Schmidt, 1964:505 Ladogilina Ljaschenko, 1973:58 Ladogilmella Ljaschenko, 1973:61 Ladogioides McLaren, 1961:4 NUMBER 42 21 Laemcamera. —Grabau, 1936 [improper emendation of Lev- icamera] (Laevicyphomena ) Cocks, 1968:317 [subgenus of Cyphomena] Laemgalerhynchia Wisniewska-Zelichowska, 1978:112 Laemrhynchia Dagys, 1974:91 Laevispinfer Ushatinskaia, 1977a: 137 Laevithyris Dagys, 1974:198 Laioporella Ivanova, 1975:83 *Lakhmina Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1265 |new name for Damdsonella Waagen, 1885; = Neobolus] Lamanskya Moberg and Segerberg, 1906:71 *Lamarckispirifer Gatinaud, 1949:489 [= Cyrtospuifer] Lambdanna Brunton and Champion, 1974:819 Lamellaerhynchia Burri, 1953:274 Lamelhconchidium Kulkov, 1968:38 ** Lamelhspmfer Nalivkin, 1937 [= Mucrospirifer ] Lamellokomnckina Jin and Fang, 1977:57 Lamellosia Cooper and Grant, 1975:1270 Laminatia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:190 Larnnaespina Waterhouse, 1976:244 Lammmargus Waterhouse, 1975:10 Lancangjiangia Jin and Fang, 1977:50 Lanceomyoma Havlicek, 1960:243 Langella Mendes, 196la:3 Langkawia Hamada, 1969a:261 Laosia Mansuy, 1913:83 Laqueus Dali, 1870:123 Lanum Gregorio, 1930a:25 Lateralatirostrum Sartenaer, 1979a:539 Laticrura Cooper, 1956c:980 Latiplecus Lee and Gu, 1976:299 Latiproductus Sarytcheva and Legrand-Blain, 1977:75 Lalonoloechia Havlicek, 1960:244 Lazutkima Rzonsnitzkaja, 1952:152 Leangella Opik, 1933a:42 Leiochonetes Roberts, 1976:26 Leiolepismatina Yang and Xu, 1966:39 Leioproductus Stainbrook, 1947:308 Leiorhynchoidea Cloud, 1944, in King et al., 1944:57 Leiorhynchoides Dovgal, 1953:140 Leiorhynchus Hall, 1860:75 [replacement by Nudirostra in¬ valid, Leiorhynchus not preoccupied] Leiona Cooper, 1976:284 Leioseptathyris Wu, 1974, in Wang et al., 1974:42 Lenatoechia Nikiforova, 1970:106 Lenorthis Andreeva, 1955:69 Lenothyris Dagys, 1968:100 Lepidocrama Cooper and Grant, 1974:246 Lepidocycloides Nikiforova, 1961, in Nikiforova and An¬ dreeva, 1961:212 Lepidocyclus Wang, 1949:12 Lepidoleptaena Havlicek, 1963b:224 Lepidorhynchia Burri, 1956:689 Lepidorthis Wang, 1955:331 Lepidospmfer Cooper and Grant, 1969:15 *Lepismatma Wang, 1955:353 [= Psioidea] Leptaena Dalman, 1828:94 *Leptaenalosia King, 1845 [nomen nudum; = Strophalosia] *Leptaenella Fredericks, 1918:89 [= Leptaena] ** Leptaenella Sokolskaja, 1952 [= Leptagoma-, junior hom¬ onym of Leptaenella Fredericks] Leptaenisca Beecher, 1890:239 Leptaenoidea Hedstrom, 1917:5 Leptaenomendax Garcia-Alcalde and Martinez-Chacon, 1978:255 Leptaenopoma Marek and Havlicek, 1967:282 Leptaenopyxis Havlicek, 1963b:224 *Leptaenulopsis Haupt, 1878 [nomen nudum?; = Leptaena] Leptagoma McCoy, 1844:117 Leptalosia Dunbar and Condra, 1932:260 Leptathyris Siehl, 1962:212 Leptella Hall and Clarke, 1892:293 Leptellina Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:626 Leptelloidea Jones, 1928:385 *Leptembo/on Mickwitz, 1896:130 [= Lingulella] Leptestia Bekker, 1922:363 Leptesluna Havlicek, 1952:412 Leptobolus Hall, 1871 b:3 Leptobulus. —Hall, 1871 [misspelling of Leptobolus] Leplocaryorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:14 Leptochonetes Havlicek and Racheboeuf, 1979:89 Leptocoelia Hall, 1857:108 Leptocoelina Johnson, 1970b: 170 Leptodonta Khalfin, 1955:237 [new name for Oehlertia] Leptodontella Khalfin, 1948:254 Leptodus Kayser, 1883:161 Leptogoma. —Agassiz, 1846 [misspelling of Leptagoma] *Leptoptilum Opik, 1930:130 [= Leptestia] Leptoskelidion Amsden, 1974:47 Leptospira Boucot, Johnson, and Staton, 1964:814 Leptostrophia Hall and Clarke, 1892:288 (Leptostrophiella) Harper and Boucot, 1978a:74 [subgenus of Leptostrophia] Leptothyrella Muir-Wood, 1965:H855 [new name for Lep- tothyns] Leptothyrellopsis Bitner and Pisera, 1979:82 fLf/i/ot/iynjMuir-Wood, 1959 [replaced by Leptothyrella] Lercarella Mascle and Termier, 1970:188 *Lespius Gregorio, 1930a: 24 [= Streptorhynchus] Lethamella Liu, 1979:509 Lethamia Waterhouse, 1973:38 Leurosina Cooper and Grant, 1975:1260 Levenea Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:246 Lembiseptum Xian, 1975, in Hou and Xian, 1975:31 *Levicamera Grabau, 1934 [nomen nudum; = Psilocamara] Leviconchidiella Rzonsnitzkaja, 1960, in Markowskii, 1960: 301 Levigatella Andronov, 1961:38 22 Levipustula Maxwell, 1951:10 Levispira Mizens, 1975:47 Lemtusia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:295 Lialosia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:87 Libyaeglossa Havlicek, 1973, in Havlicek and Massa, 1973: 275 Libys Massa, Termier, and Termier, 1974:175 Lichareviella Ustritsky, 1959, in Khu et al., 1959:134 Licharewia Einor, 1939:69 Licharewiella Sokolskaja, 1960:219 [replacement by Mag- mderbyia invalid, Licharewiella not preoccupied] Liemnella Boucot, 1975:372 Ligula. —Cuvier, 1798 [misspelling of Lingula ] Ligulanus. —Dumeril, 1806 [misspelling of Lingula] Ligulops. —Hall, 1871 [misspelling of Lingulops] Liljevallia Hedstrom, 1917:12 Limbella Stehli, 1954:329 Limbimunna Cooper, 1956c:851 Lindstroemelia. —Dunbar and Condra, 1932 [misspelling of Lindstroemella\ Linds troeme l la Hall and Clarke, 1890:134 *Lindstromella Hall and Clark, 1889 [nomen nudum; = Linds troeme l la\ * Linen hynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:59 [= Furcirhynchia\ Linguithyns Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:99 Lingula Bruguiere, 1797, pi. 250 (type designated by La¬ marck, 1799:89] Lingulapholis Schuchert, 1913:295 Lmgulanus. —Schuchert and LeVene, 1929 [misspelling of Ligulanus] Lmgulasma Ulrich, 1889:384 Lmgulelasma. — Miller, 1889 [improper emendation of Lin- gulasma ] Lingulella Salter, 1866:333 Lingulepis Hall, 1863:129 *Lingulichnites Szmuc, Osgood, and Meinke, 1976 (ichno- genus; = Lingulichnus) Linguhchnus Hakes, 1976 [ichnogenus] Linguhdiscina. —Girty, 1909 [misspelling of Lingulodiscina] Lmgulipora Girty, 1898:387 Lmgulobolus Matthew, 1895:261 Lingulodiscina Whitfield, 1890:122 Lingulops Hall, 1871a:2 [nomen nudum]; 1872, plate 13 Linguopugnoides Havlicek, 1960:242 Linnarssonella Walcott, 1902:601 Linnarssoma Walcott, 1885:115 Linoporella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:247 Linoproductus Chao, 1927:128 Linoprotoma Ferguson, 1971:551 Linostrophomena Rong, Xu, and Yang, 1974:203 Liocoelia Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:248 Lioleptaena Xian, 1978a:265 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Liorhynchus. —Oehlert, 1887 [improper emendation of Leio- rhynchus ] Liosotella Cooper, 1953:36 Liospirifenna Rousselle, 1977:164 Liostrophia Cooper and Kindle, 1936:355 Liothyrella Thomson, 1916a:44 ** Liothynna Oehlert, 1887 [new name for Liothyns ; = Gryphus] Liothyris Douville, 1879 [replaced by Liothynna ] Liralingua Graham, 1970:153 Liraplecta Ching and Sun, 1979 [nomen nudum] Lirana Cooper and Grant, 1975:1156 * Liraspmfer Stainbrook, 1950:381 [= Cyrtospinfer] Lirellana Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2031 Lincamera Cooper, 1956c:592 Linplica Campbell, 1961:440 Lissajousithyns Almeras, 1971:164 Lissatrypa Twenhofel, 1914:33 Lissatrypoidea Boucot and Amsden, 1958:159 Lissella Campbell, 1961:452 Lissochoneles Dunbar and Condra, 1932:170 Lissocoelina Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:248 *Lissocrama Williams, 1943:71 [= Crania] * Lissomargimfera Lane, 1962:902 [= Eomargimfera] Lissopleura Whitfield, 1896:232 Lissorhynchia Yang and Xu, 1966:14 (. Lissosia) Cooper and Grant, 1975:1241 [subgenus of Dy- oros] Lissoslrophia Amsden, 1949:202 ( Lissotreta ) Amsden, 1968:37 [subgenus of Onychotreta] Lilocothia Grant, 1976:166 Liothyns Roberts, 1971:237 Ljaschenkovia Batrukova, 1969:71 Ljudmilispinfer Tcherkesova, 1976:90 Llanoella Boucot, 1975:351 Loboidothyns Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:112 Loboidothyropsis Sucic-Protic, 1971:17 Lobothyrella Tchorszhewsky, 1971 [nomen nudum] Lobothyns Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:107 Lobolhyroides Xu, 1978b:307 Lobolhyropsis Tchorszhewsky, 1974 [nomen nudum] ( Lobvia ) Breivel and Breivel, 1977:97 [subgenus of Theo- dossia] *Lochengia Grabau, 1931 [nomen nudum; = Cryptospinfer] Loczyella Freeh, 1901:503 *Loganella Boucot and Amsden, 1958:164 [= Rhipidomella] Loilemia Reed, 1936:116 Lomaliphora Roberts, 1971:84 Longdongshuia Hou and Xian, 1975:39 Longispma Cooper, 1942:230 Longithyns Katz and Popov, 1974:30 *Longvillia Bancroft, 1933:3 [= Strophomena] Lopena Walcott, 1905:287 Lophrolhyris Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:114 Lopingia Chan, 1979, in Hou et al., 1979:64 NUMBER 42 23 Lorangerella Crickmay, 1963:11 Lordorthis Ross, 1959:447 Loriolithyns Middlemiss, 1968:176 Losvia Breivel and Breivel, 1976, in Tjazheva et al., 1976: 116; 1977:83 Lowenstamia Stehli, 1961b:460 Loxophragmus Cooper and Grant, 1974:432 Luanquella Garcia-Alcalde and Racheboeuf, 1978:847 Ludfordina Kelly, 1967:599 Luhaia Roomusoks, 1956:1091 Lunana Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:155 Lunpolaia Ching and Ye, 1979, in Ye and Yang, 1979:67 Luofuia Xu, 1977:66 Lutetiarcula Elliott, 1954:727 Lycophona Lahusen, 1886:221 *Lyra Cumberland, 1818, in Sowerby, 1818:84 [= Terebn- roslra] Lysingothyns. — Hall, 1868 [misspelling of Syringothyns] *Lytha Fredericks, (1924a]:298 [= Spinfer] *Lyttoma Waagen, 1883:398 [= Leptodus] Maakina Andreeva, 1961, in Nikiforova and Andreeva, 1961:170 Macandrevia King, 1859:261 (replacement by Waldheimi- athyns invalid, Macandrevia not preoccupied] Macandrewia. — Bronn, 1862 [improper emendation of Ma¬ candrevia] Machaerana Cooper, 1955a: 55 Mackerrovia Cocks, 1968:319 Maclarenella Stehli, 1955a:868 Macrocoelia Cooper, 1956c: 891 *Macroplectane Cossmann, 1909:215 [new name for Denck- mannia; = Rensselandia] Macropleura Boucot, 1963:690 Macropotamorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:24 Madarosia Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2002 Magadama Ganelin, 1977:153 Magadina Thomson, 1915d:399 Magadmella Thomson, 1915d:400 Magas Sowerby, 1818:40 Magasella Dali, 1870:134 Magella Thomson, 1915d:396 Magellama Bayle, 1880:240 [new name for Waldheimia] Meghanthyns Farag and Gatinaud, 1960:77 Magmcanalis Rowell, 1962:140 **Magniderbyia Ting, 1965 [invalid new name for Lichare- wiella, Licharewiella not preoccupied] *Magmthyns Sahni, 1925:367 [= Carneithyris] Magniventra Harper and Boucot, 1978a:77 MagnumbonelLa Carter, 1968:1145 f Maia Fredericks, 1924 [replacement by Mansuyella invalid, Mansuyella preoccupied; replaced by Callispinna] Majkopella Moisseiev, 1962, in Dagys, 1962b:61 Makndimrhynchia Sucic-Protic, 1969:81 Malayanoplia Hamada, 1969a:255 Malleia Thomson, 1927:283 Malurostrophia Campbell and Talent, 1967:309 Malwirhynchia Chiplonker, 1938:306 Mametothyns Smirnova, 1969, in Smirnova and Pergament, 1969:34 *Mammosum Gregorio, 1930a:25 [= Streptorhynchus ] Mamthyns Foster, 1974:55 * Manma Davidson 1874:156 [= Cryptopora ] Manma Dewalque, 1868 [nomen nudum] Manoproduclus Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum] Mansina Andreeva, 1977:116 f Mansuyella Reed, 1944 [invalid new name for Maia, Man¬ suyella preoccupied; replaced by Callispinna ] Maonelasma Waterhouse, 1964:175 Maonstrophia Allan, 1947b:440 Marcharella Andreeva, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:75 Marginalosia Waterhouse, 1978:64 Marginalia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:263 Margmella Gemmellaro, 1897 [nomen nudum] Margimcinctus Sutton, 1938:561 Margimfera Waagen, 1884:717 Marginirugus Sutton, 1938:561 Manannaella Sapelnikov and Rukavischnikova, 1975a:7 Mannurnula Waterhouse, 1964:177 **Manona Nalivkin, 1975 [= Parallelora\ \{Marionella) Bancroft, 1928 [replaced by Manomtes ; subgenus of Multicostella] {Manomtes) Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Marionella\ subgenus of Multicostella\ Markitoechia Havlicek, 1959b:81 Marklandella Harper, Boucot, and Walmsley, 1969:82 *Martellia Wirth, 1936:300 [= Polytoechia ] *Martelhspirifer Gatinaud, 1949:487 [= Cyrtospinfer ] Martinella. —Lee, 1939 [misspelling of Martimella\ Martmia McCoy, 1844:139 Martimella Grabau and Tien, 1931, in Grabau, 1931c:420 ? Martimgisis Lebedev, 1926 [incertae sedis] Martimopsis Waagen, 1883:525 Martinothyns Minato, 1953:70 Matutella Cooper, 1951:5 Mamspinfer Allan, 1947b:445 Maxillirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:55 Maya. —Rakusz, 1932 [misspelling of Maia\ Mcewanella Foerste, 1920:197 \Mclearma Caster, 1939 [replaced by Mcleamites\ *Mclearmtes Caster, 1945:319 [new name for Mcleamia; = Shalena] ( Mclearnitesella) Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 131 [subgenus of Mclearmtes] Medessia Andreeva, 1960, in Markowskii, 1960:295 Mediospinfer Bublichenko, 1956:102 Mediterramrhynchia Sucic-Protic, 1969:53 Meekella White and St. John, 1867:120 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Meekina Walcott, 1905 [nomen nudum] Megachoneles Sokolskaja, 1950:42 Megaderbyia. —Jing, Ye, Xu, and Sun, 1979 [improper emendation of Magmderbyia] * [Megakozlowskiella) Boucot, 1957:322 [subgenus of Kozlow- skiella ; = Kozlowskiellina ] Megakozlowskielhna Amsden and Ventress, 1963 [name ap¬ parently used subgenerically rather than specifically as was intended; = Kozlowskiellina ] Megalantens. —Oehlert, 1887 [misspelling of Megantens ] Megalopterorhynchus Sartenaer, 1965a: 5 Megalorhynchus. —Gregorio, 1930 [misspelling of Megarhyn- chus\ Megamyoma Wang, 1949:32 Meganterella Boucot, 1959c:767 Megantens Suess, 1855:51 Megapleuronia Cooper, 1952a: 117 f Megarhynchus Gemmellaro, 1894 [replaced by Gemmel/aroia] Megarites Rafmesque, 1831 [nomen nudum] Megasalopina Boucot, Gauri, and Johnson, 1966:166 Megasella. —Paetel, 1875 [misspelling of Magasella] Megasteges Waterhouse, 1975:6 Megastrophia Caster, 1939:37 (Megaslrophiella) Harper and Boucot, 1978c: 19 [subgenus of Megastrophia ] Megalhins Orbigny, 1847:269 [new name for Argiope\ Megalhyns. —Bronn, 1848 [misspelling of Megathins ] Megerlea. — Davidson, 1856 [misspelling of Megerlia ] Megerleia .—Bronn, 1862 [misspelling of Megerlia] Megerlia King, 1850:145 [replacement by Muehlfeldtia in¬ valid, Megerlia not preoccupied] Megerlina Deslongchamps, 1884:243 Megonma Rafmesque, 1819 [nomen nudum] Megonsma. — Paetel, 1875 [misspelling of Megonma] Megousia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:309 Megumatrypa Harper, 1973:72 Meifodia Williams, 1951:106 Mendacella Cooper, 1930:381 Mendathyns Cloud, 1942:125 Mennespinfer Ljaschenko, 1973:101 Mentzelia Quenstedt, 1871:522 Mentzelioides Dagys, 1974:130 Mentzehopsis Trechmann, 1918:229 Meonia Steinich, 1963:732 Merciella Lamont and Gilbert, 1945:655 Mensta Suess, 1851:150 Menslella Hall, 1860:75 Merislina Hall, 1867a:299 Menstorygma Carter, 1974:689 Menstospira , Grabau, 1910, in Grabau and Sherzer, 1910: 159 Merospinfer Reed, 1949:467 *Mesodalmanella Havlicek, 1950:26 [= Howellites ] (Mesodouviella) Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 124 [subgenus of Mesodouvillina ] (Mesodouvillina ) Williams, 1950:281 [subgenus of Douvil- lina\ Mesoleptostrophia Harper and Boucot, 1978a:68 (Mesolissoslrophia ) Williams, 1950:280 [subgenus of Lisso- strophia ] Mesolobus Dunbar and Condra, 1932:160 Mesonomia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:627 (Mesopholidostrophia ) Williams, 1950:280 [subgenus of Phol- idostrophia ] Mesoplica Reed, 1943:97 Mesospirifer Wedekind, 1935 [nomen nudum] Mesotreta Kutorga, 1848:270 Melabohpa Godefroid, 1974:5 Metacamarella Reed, 1917:934 Metaplasia Hall and Clarke, 1893:56 Melorlhis Wang, 1955:333 Metnolepis Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2717 Mezouma Havlicek, 1967a:31 Miaohuangrhynchus Yang, 1977:374 Micella Ovtsharenko, 1976:24 Micidus Chatterton, 1973:134 **Mickwitzella Walcott, 1908 [= Thysanotos] Mickwilzia Schmidt, 1888:5 Micrapheha Cooper and Grant, 1969:4 Microcardinalia Boucot and Ehlers, 1963:51 Micromitra Meek, 1873:479 Microrhynchia Muir-Wood, 1952:124 Microsphaendiorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:27 *Microthyndina Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:120 [new name for Microlhyns\ = Ormthella ] \Microthyns Deslongchamps, 1884 [replaced by Microthyn¬ dina] Microtrypa Wilson, 1945:144 *Mikrothyns Quenstedt, 1868 [nomen nudum?; = Atrypa] Millythyns Almeras, 1971:245 Mimana Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2907 Mimatrypa Struve, 1964a:436 Mimella Cooper, 1930:376 f Mimulus Barrande, 1879 [replaced by Brachymimulus ] ‘Mna/o/Aj'nj Vandercammen, 1957:178 [= Warrenella] (Mimplanus) Waterhouse and Piyasin, 1970:101 [subgenus of Diplanus] Mmiprokopia Havlicek, 1971b:229 Minororthis Ivanov, 1950, in Ivanov and Miagkova, 1950: 23 ( Minutilla ) Crickmay, 1967:10 [subgenus of Acutatheca ] Minutostropheodonta Harper and Boucot, 1978c:30 Miogryphus Hertlein and Grant, 1944:95 *Miopentamerus Woods, 1937 [nomen nudum?; invalid name; = Pentamerus] Mirantesia Mohanti, 1972:176 Minfusella Carter, 1971:250 NUMBER 42 25 Minsquamea Sucic-Protic, 1971:38 * Mirtellaspinfer Gatinaud, 1949:488 [= Cyrtospinfer] Misolia Seidlitz, 1913:179 Miyakothyris Hatai, 1938:100 Mjoesina Spjeldnaes, 1957:137 *Mobergia Redlich, 1899:5 [= Botsfordia\ Modestella Owen, 1961, in Casey, 1961:573 Moeschia Boullier, 1976:333 Mogoktella Andreeva, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:82 Moisseevia Makridin, 1964:243 Moisseievia Dagys, 1963:46 Molongella Savage, 1974:13 Molongia Mitchell, 1921:547 Monadotoechia Havlicek, 1960:243 Monelasmma Cooper, 1955a:54 Mongolella Alekseeva, 1976:347 Mongohella Ischnazarov, 1972:69 *Mongolma Grabau, 1931b: 102 [= Rostrantens] Mongoliopsis Grunt, 1977c:79 Mongohrhynchia Hou and Zhao, 1976:191 Mongolosia Manankov and Pavlova, 1976:354 Mongolospira Alekseeva, 1977:63 Monobohna Salter, 1866:334 Monoconvexa Pelman, 1977:49 Monomerella Billings, 1871:221 Monorthis Bates, 1968:144 Monsardithyns Almeras, 1971:198 Montanella Ovtsharenko, 1976:21 Monticlarella Wisniewska, 1932:55 f Monticola Nalivkin, 1930 [replaced by Plectorhynchella\ Monticulifera Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:327 Moorefieldella Girty, 1911:63 Moorellina Elliott, 1953:694 Moquellina Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:141 Moraviatuna Sahni, 1960:19 Moravilla Havlicek, 1953:4 Moravostrophia Havlicek, 1962:471 Morganella McKellar, 1970:17 Monnorhynchus Havlicek, 1965a:291 * Monism Davidson, 1852c: 3 71 [= Platidia ] * Mornsma Grabau, 1931 b:98 [= Hemiptychina\ Morrisithyns Almeras, 1971:131 Moscve/la Makridin, 1954 [nomen nudum; = Mosquella ] Mosquella Makridin, 1955:86 Moumina Fredericks, [ 1924a]: 323 Moutomthyns Middlemiss, 1976:63 Mucrospmfer G rabau, 1931c:408 **Muehlfeldlia Bayle, 1880 [invalid new name for Megerlia , Megerlia not preoccupied] Muuwoodella Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum]; 1974: 52 Muirwoodellopsis Tchorszhewsky, 1973; 1974 [nomina nuda] Muirwoodia Licharew, 1947:187 (Multicosta ) Khodalevich and Breivel, 1977, in Breivel and Breivel, 1977:71 [subgenus of Leviconchidiella] Multicostella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:244 Multispmula Rowell, 1962:147 f Multispinula Waterhouse, 1966 [replaced by Echinalosia ] (Mulhspuifer) Kaplun, 1961:88 [subgenus of Eospinfer] \Munella Fredericks, 1924 [replaced by Purdonel/a] Munhella Neuman, 1971:117 \Muma Fredericks, 1918 [replaced by Fredericksia ] Mumeratrypa Mizens and Rzonsnitzkaja, 1979:60 Muriferella Johnson and Talent, 1967b:44 Munnella Cooper, 1956c: 844 Murrama Thomson, 1916a:45 Muscuhna Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:120 [new name for Mus cuius] "f Musculus Quenstedt, 1869 [replaced by Muscuhna] Mutationella Kozlowski, 1929:31 Myotreta Gorjansky, 1969:67 Mynospinfer Havlicek, 1978:105 Myslrophora Kayser, 1871:612 Nabarredia Havlicek and Racheboeuf, 1979:96 Nabiaoia Xu, 1979a:370 Nadiaslrophia Talent, 1963:62 Najadospinfer Havlicek, 1957a:246 Najdinolhyns Makridin and Katz, 1964, in Makridin, 1964: 35 (Nakazatothyns ) Minato and Kato, 1977:623 [subgenus of Undispinfer] Nalivkinana Rzonsnitzkaja, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:117 Nalwkinella Popov, 1974, in Katz and Popov, 1974:23 Nalwkinia Bublichenko, 1928:982 Nanambomtes Liu, 1976:145 Nanmrhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:67 Nanorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:621 Nanospira Amsden, 1949:203 Nanothyns Cloud, 1942:45 Nantanella Grabau, 1936:72 Nanukidium Jones, 1979:1261 [new name for Rossella ] Naradamthyns Tokuyama, 1958b:2 Nayunnella Sartenaer, 1961b:2 [new name for Yunnanella Grabau 1931] **Neatretia Fischer and Oehlert, 1891 [= Cryptopora] (Neatrypa ) Struve, 1964b:526 [subgenus of Desquamatia] Nebenothyns Minato, 1953:72 Nekhoroshevia Bublichenko, 1956:101 Nematocrama Grant, 1976:31 Nemesa Schmidt, 1941:41 Neobolus Waagen, 1885:758 Neobouchardia Thomson, 1927:270 Neochonetes Muir-Wood, 1962:87 Neocoelia McKellar, 1966:2 Neocyrtina Yang and Xu, 1966:62 Neodelthyns Hou, 1963:413 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Neofascicosla Xu, 1978b:278 Neogypidula Licharew, 1934a:213 *Neohemilhyns Yabe and Hatai, 1934:587 [= Basihola ] (Neokarpinskia ) Mizens, 1977a:95 [subgenus of Karpinskia ] (Neokjaerma) Levy and Nullo, 1974a: 191 [subgenus of Kjaenna ] Neoliolhynna Sahni, 1925:375 Neometabolipa Godefroid, 1974:23 *Neomunella Ozaki, 1931:25 [= Chonstites ] Neophncadothyns Licharew, 1934b: 175 Neophncodothyns. —Ivanova, 1960 [misspelling of Neophn- cadothyns\ Neoplicatifera Ching, Liao, and Fang, 1974:309 Neoproboscidetla Ivanova, 1949 [nomen nudum] Neoproductella Lee, 1939 [nomen nudum] Neoretzia Dagys, 1963:130 Neorhynchia Thomson, 1915b:388 Neospuifer Fredericks, [1924a]:311 Neospinfer Nikitin, 1900 [nomen nudum; = Neospinfer Fredericks, 1924] ( Neospingenna ) Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:72 [subgenus of Spin- genna] Neostrophia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:631 Neothecidella Pajaud, 1970:108 Neothyns Douville, 1879:274 Neotreta Sobolev, 1976:132 ** Neotngonella Cossman, 1910 [new name for Tngonella; ob¬ jective synonym of Telracline/la; subjective synonym of Cheirothyns ] Neowellerella Dagys, 1974:116 Nepasitoechia Havlicek, 1979:91 *Nereidella Wang, 1955:339 [= Paurorthis] Nervostrophia Caster, 1939:79 Neumanella Harper and Boucot, 1978c:29 Neumaynlhyns Tokuyama, 1958a: 120 **Newberna Hall, 1891 [= Rensselandia ] Newberrya. —Schuchert, 1897 [improper emendation of Newberna] Nicolella Reed, 1917:860 Nigeroplica Nalivkin, 1975, in Stepanov, 1975:160 Nikiforovaena Boucot, 1963:67 Nmgbmgel/a Roberts, 1971:152 Nmglangolhyris Jin and Fang, 1977:60 Nippomthyns Yabe and Hatai, 1934:588 Nisusia Walcott, 1905:248 Nwicoma Cooper and Grant, 1974:374 Nix Easton, 1962:45 * Noclurnellia Havlicek, 1950:53 [= Dalmanella ] Nodella Tachibana, 1964:38 ( Noetlmgia ) Hall and Clarke, 1893:229 [subgenus of Por- ambomtes] Nondia Boucot and Chiang, 1974:66 Nordalhyns Grunt, 1977b:73 Norde/la Ljaschenko, 1973:135 Nordispinfer Ljaschenko, 1973:104 Nordotoechia Tcherkesova, 1965:80 Norella Bittner, 1890:315 **Norgium Breivel and Breivel, 1970 [= Proconchidium] Notanoplia Gill, 1950:249 Nothopindax Cooper and Grant, 1974:318 Nothorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1938:106 Notiochonetes Muir-Wood, 1962:48 *Notoconchidium Gill, 1950:243; 1951:187 \= Karpinskia] Notoleplaena Gill, 1950 [nomen nudum]; 1951:192 Notoparmella Johnson, 1973a: 1026 Nolorygmia Cooper, 1972b: 13 Notosana Cooper, 1959:48 Notospinfer Harrington, 1955:115 NoLostrophia Waterhouse, 1973:35 (. Nolothynna ) Licharew, 1936a:27l [subgenus of Rostranlens] Notothyns Waagen, 1882:378 Notozyga Cooper, 1977:105 Novellinetes Havlicek and Racheboeuf, 1979:87 Novozemeha Tcherkesova, 1973:28 Nucleata Quenstedt, 1868:25 Nucleatina Katz, 1962:135 Nucleatula Bittner, 1888b: 126 Nucleospira Hall, 1859a:23 Nudauns Stehli, 1954:317 **Nudirostra Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951 [invalid new name for Leiorhynchus , Leiorhynchus not preoccupied] Nudirostra/ma Yang and Xu, 1966:21 Nudispinfenna Yang and Xu, 1966:47 Nugnecella Levy and Nullo, 1974b:28 Nuguschella Tjazheva, 1960, in Markowskii, 1960:408 Nurataella Larin, 1973:135 Nurochonetes Ushatinskaia, 1977b:42 Nyalamurhynchia Ching, Rong, and Sun, 1976, in Ching et al„ 1976:300 Nyege Veevers, 1959:113 Nymphorhynchia Rzonsnitzkaja, 1956, in Kiparisova et al., 1956:53 Oanduporella Hints, 1975:19 Obesana Havlicek, 1957b:438 Oblongarcu/a Elliott, 1959:147 Obmxia Hoover, 1979:1 1 Obolella Billings, 1861a:7 *Obolellina Billings, 1871:222 |= Rhynobolus] Obolopsis Saito, 1936:350 Obolus Eichwald, 1829:274 Obomtes Rafinesque, 1831 [nomen nudum] Obovothyris Buckman, 1927:32 Obturamentella Amsden, 1958:99 Obulus. —Quenstedt, 1868 [misspelling of Obolus] Ocholalhyns Dagys, 1974:159 Ochotorhynchia Dagys, 1968:47 Ocnerorlhis Bell, 1941:251 NUMBER 42 27 Ocruranus Liu, 1979:506 Odarovithyns Tchorszhewsky, 1971:63 Odontospinfer Dunbar, 1955:155 Oehlerlella Hall and Clarke, 1890:132 \Oehlertm Khalfin, 1948 [replaced by Leptodonta] Oepikina Salmon, 1942:589 *Oepikinella Wilson, 1944:199 [= Slrophomena] Ogbima Sarytcheva, 1965, in Ruzhentsev and Sarytcheva, 1965:229 Ogtlmella Lenz, 1968:180 Okathyns Smirnova, 1975c:71 *Oldharnella Noetling, 1905 [invalid new name for Oldham- ina] Oldhamia. , 1910 [misspelling of Oldhamma] Oldhamina Waagen, 1883:406 (replacement by Oldharnella and Waagenopora invalid] Oldharnmella Wanner and Sieverts, 1935:232 Oleneothyris Cooper, 1942:233 Oleorthis Havlicek, 1968:124 Olgerdia Grigorjewa, 1977:50 Oligomys Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:243 Ohgoplycherhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:20 Ohgorhachis Imbrie, 1959:403 Oligorhynchia Cooper, 1935:49 Ohgorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:624 O/igothynna Cooper, 1956a:526 *Oliveirella Oliveira, 1934:167 [new name for Brasilia ; = Paranoia] Omboma Caneva, 1906:54 Omnutakhella Lopushinskaja, 1976:66 Omolonella Moisseiev, 1936:39 Omolonia Alekseeva, 1967, in Alekseeva and Nuzhdina, 1967:138 ** Omolonospinfer Simakov, 1970 [= Terns la] Omolonothyris Dagys, 1968:132 Oncosanna Cooper an Grant, 1969:9 Onmella Bancroft, 1928b:55 Onmzetina Havlicek, 1974:168 Onopordumana Waterhouse, 1971, in Bamber and Water- house, 1971:205 Onychoplecia Cooper, 1956c:529 Onychotreta Ulrich and Cooper, 1936a:339 (Opikella ) Amsden, 1968:48 [subgenus of Leangella] Opisthotreta Palmer, 1954:771 Opsicomdion Ludvigsen, 1974:143 f Orbicella Orbigny, 1847 [replaced by Clistotrema] Orbicoelia Waterhouse and Piyasin, 1970:144 *Orbicula Cuvier, 1798:435 [= Crania] * Orbiculanus Dumeril, 1806 [= Crania] Orbiculoidea Orbigny, 1847:269 Orbicu/opora Batrukova, 1969:75 Orbiculothyns Wolfart, 1968, in Wolfart et al., 1968:528 Orbinana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:150 Orbirhynchia Pettitt, 1954:29 Orbithele Sdzuy, 1955:9 Orenburgella Pavlova, 1969:76 Onentospira Dagys, 1965:101 Onenlospinfer Hou and Xian, 1975:49 Onentolhyris Katz and Popov, 1974:28 Ongostrophia Mitchell, 1977:115 Onskama Hall and Clarke, 1893:270 Orlovirhynchia Dagys, 1968:75 Omatolhyrella Dagys, 1974:210 Ornatothyns Sahni, 1929:45 Ornithella Deslongchamps, 1884:273 *Ornitholhyns Sahni, 1925:374 [= Carneilhyns ] Omothyrella Havlicek, 1971c:80 Orthambomtes Pander, 1830:81 Orthidiella Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:621 Orlhidium Hall and Clarke, 1892:244 Orthis Dal man, 1828:112 ** Orthisina Orbigny, 1847 [= Clitambonites] Orthisocrania Rowell, 1963:39 Orthoidea Friren, 1876:1 *Orthonomaea Hall, 1859 [nomen nudum]; 1893, in Hall and Clarke, 1893:159 [= Catazyga ] Orthopleura Imbrie, 1959:391 Orthorhynchula Hall and Clarke, 1893:181 Orthorhynchuloides Williams, 1962:241 Orthospinfer Pitrat, 1975:387 Orthostrophella Amsden, 1968:23 Orthostrophia Hall, 1883, pi.36 Ortholetella King, [ 1931 ]:51 Orthotetes Fischer de Waldheim, 1829:375 Orlhothetina Schellwien, 1900:10 Orthothnx Geinitz, 1847:86 Orthothyns Cooper, 1955b:64 Orthotichia Hall and Clarke, 1892:213 Orthotichina. —Tschernyschew, 1914 [misspelling of Ortho- tichia] Ortholoma Quenstedt, 1869:315 Orthotomoides Tchorszhewsky, 1971 [nomen nudum] Orthotropia Hall and Clarke, 1893, pi.84 Ortotichia. —Tschernyschew, 1914 [misspelling of Orthoti¬ chia] Orulgama Solomina and Tschernjak, 1961:61 Orusia Walcott, 1905:273 Oslogonites Opik, 1939:133 *Oslomena Spjeldnaes, 1957:161 [= Glyplomena] Osmarella Pearson, 1977:58 ( Otanella) Waterhouse, 1978:30 [subgenus of Margimfera] Otospinfer Hou and Xian, 1975:65 Olusia Walcott, 1905:246 (Ovalella) Walmsley and Boucot, 1975:75 [subgenus of I sort his] **Ovalia Nalivkin, 1937 [= Brachythyns] Ovatia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:312 Overtoma Thomas, 1914:260 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Overtonuna Grunt, 1973, in Grunt and Dmitriev, 1973:94 Oxlosia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:619 |new name for Eunoa] Oxoplecia Wilson, 1913:81 Oxycolpella Dagvs, 1962b: 68 Oxypleurorhynchia Plodowski, 1973:85 Oxyrhynchus Quenstedt, 1868 [nomen nudum] Pachiloma Rafinesque, 1831 [nomen nudum] f Pachyglossa Cooper, 1956 [replaced by Pachyglossella] Pachyglossella Cooper, 1960:601 [new name for Pachyglossa ] Pachymagas Ihering, 1903:332 ** Pachyrhynchus King, 1850 [= Bouchardia ] Pachythyns Boullier, 1976:154 Pacificocoelia Boucot, 1975:361 Pactfithyris Hatai, 1938:216 Paeckelmanella Licharew, 1934a:2l2 ** Paeckelmanma Licharew, 1934 [invalid new name for Torn- quistia , Tornquistia not preoccupied] Pahlenella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:245 fPakistama Stehli, 1961 [replaced by Whitspakia] Palaebolus.—Gor)as\sky, 1960 [misspelling of Palaeobolus] Palaeobolus Matthew, 1899:202 Palaeochonstites Sokolskaja, 1941:26 **Palaeocrama Eichwald, 1854 [= Pseudocrama\ Palaeoglossa Cockerell, 1911:96 [new name for Glossina ] Palaeoglossina. —Dunbar and Condra, 1932 [misspelling of Palaeoglossa ] XPalaeoschmidtites Koneva, 1979:35 Palaeospmfer Martynova and Sverbilova, 1968:26 Palaeostrophia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:627 Palaeostrophomena Holtedahl, 1916:43 * Palaferella Spriestersbach, 1942:187 [= Gruenewaldtia ] Paldiskia Gorjansky, 1969:28 *Palmorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:625 [= Ingna ] \Pallasiella Renz, 1932 [replaced by Phymatothyns] Pamirorhynchia Ovtsharenko, 1977 [nomen nudum] PamiTolheca Dagys, 1974:79 Pamirolhyns Dagys, 1974:195 f Pamirothyns Ovtsharenko, 1975 [replaced by Pamirothyrop- sis\ Pamirolhyropsis Ovtsharenko, 1979:126 [new name for Pa¬ mirolhyns Ovtsharenko, 1975] Pammegetherhynchus Sartenaer, 1977:68 Pampoecilorhynchus Sartenaer, 1968c:4 Pandenna Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:243 Pantel/ana Dali, 1919:251 Papiliolmus Waterhouse and Gupta, 1977:160 Papillostrophia Havhcek, 1967a: 132 Paraacantholhyns Kamyschan, 1973, in Kamyschan and Babanova, 1973:67 Parabifolium Pajaud, 1966a: 70 (Parabomhardtma) Sun and Hou, 1964, in Hou and Xian, 1964:416 [subgenus of Bornhardlina ] Paracapillithyns Katz and Popov, 1974:26 Parachonetes Johnson, I966c:365 Parachoristites Barchatova, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:164: 1970:145 Paraconchidium Rong and Yang, 1974:198 Paracostanopha Xu, 1977:65 Paracraniops Williams, 1963:347 Paracrothyns Wu, 1974, in Wang et al., 1974:42 Paracrurithyns Liao, 1979 [nomen nudum] * Paracyrtiopsis Gatinaud, 1949:490 [= Cyrtiopsis] Paradoxothyns Xu, 1978b:302 Paradygella Liao and Sun, 1974:352 Paraemanuella Yang, 1977:415 *Parakeyserlmgina Fredericks, 1916:64 [= Keyserlmgina ] Paralazulkima Jiang, 1978:314 Paraldingia Richardson, 1973:122 Paralepismatina Yang and Xu, 1966:38 (.Paraleptostrophia ) Harper and Boucot, 1978a:70 [subgenus of Mesoleptoslrophia ] Parallelelasma Cooper, 1956c:612 Parallelora Carter, 1974:680 Paralyttoma Wanner and Sieverts, 1935:207 Paramarginatia Yang, 1978a: 111 Paramargimfera Fredericks, 1916:64 *Paramartima Reed, 1949:471 [= Martinia\ Paramenlzelia Xu, 1978b:293 Paramensta Su, 1976:207 Paramesolobus Afanasjeva, 1975:101 Paramonticuhfera Tong, 1978:234 Paranoia Clarke, 1913a, pi. 21 Paranorella Cloud, 1944, in King et al., 1944:59 Paranorelhna Dagys, 1974:100 Paraphohdoslrophia Johnson, 1971:309 Paraphorhynchus Weller, 1905:261 Paraphcanopha Xu, 1977:67 Parapugnax Schmidt, 1964:505 Parapulchratia Chan, 1979, in Hou et al., 1979:87 Parareticulana Lee and Gu, 1976:298 (Pararhipidium) Boucot, 1975 |nomen nudum; = (Pararhip- idium) Boucot and Johnson, 1979] (. Pararhipidium) Boucot and Johnson, 1979:101 [subgenus of Rhipidium] ( Paraschizophoria ) Lazarev, 1976:110 [subgenus of Schizo- phoria ] Paraspinfer Wedekind, 1926:198 Paraspinfenna Reed, 1944:252 (Parastnngocepha/us) Struve, 1965b:467 [subgenus of Strin- gocephalus ] f Parastrophia Hall and Clarke, 1894 [replaced by Parastro- phina] Parastrophina Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:121 [new name for Parastrophia] Parastrophinella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:248 Parastrophonella Bublichenko, 1956:93 NUMBER 42 29 Paratelratomia Yang, 1977:394 Parathecidea Backhaus, 1959:55 Parathyridina Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:121 [new name for Parathyns\ \Parathyns Douville, 1916 [replaced by Parathyridina ] Parathyrisina Wang, 1974, in Wang et al., 1974:41 Paratreta Biernat, 1973:68 Parazyga Hall and Clarke, 1893:127 **Pareatoma McLearn, 1918 [= Eatonia ] Parenteletes King, [ 1931 ]:48 Parmorthina Havlicek, 1975:232 *Parmorthis Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:246 [= Resserella] Paromalomena Rong, 1979 [nomen nudum] Parornoeopygma Sartenaer, 1968b: 3 Paruncmella Waterhouse and Gupta, 1978b: 132 Parvirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:56 XParvulallaroslrum Sartenaer, 1979b:2 Paryphella Liao, 1979 [nomen nudum] Paryphorhynchopora Simorin, 1956:245 Paryphorhynchus. —Weller, 1914 [misspelling of Paraphorhyn- chus\ Patagorhynchia Allan, 1938:199 Patenna Beecher, 1891:345 Paterorthis Havlicek, 1971c:45 Paterula Barrande, 1879:110 Paucicostella Cooper, 1956c: 711 Paucicrura Cooper, 1956c:956 [new name for Resserella Schuchert and Cooper, 1932, not Bancroft, 1928] Paucispinifera Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:319 Paucistrophia Wang and Zhu, 1979:23 Paulonia Nalivkin, 1925:282 Paurogaslroderhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:25 Paurorhyncka Cooper, 1942:231 *Paurorthina Riibel, 1961:187 [= Paurorthis ] Paurorthis Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:243 Payuella Grabau, 1934:150 Pectorhyncha McLearn, 1918:137 Peculneithyris Smirnova, 1972, in Smirnova and Terekhova, 1972:76 Peetzatrypa Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:95 Pegmarhynchia Cooper, 1955a:58 Pegmathyris Hatai, 1938:99 *Pegmatreta Bell, 1941:231 [= Linnarssoma] Pelagodiscus Dali, 1908:440 Peleicostella Havlicek, 1971b: 230 Pelonomia Cooper, 1956c: 699 Peltichia Ching and Sun, 1979 [nomen nudum] (.Pembrostrophia ) Bassett, 1971:325 [subgenus of Amphistro- phia\ Peniculauns Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:279 Pennospinfenna Dagys, 1965:112 Pentactinella Bittner, 1890:301 Pentagonia Cozzens, 1846:158 Pentamerella Hall, 1867b: 163 Pentamerifera Khodalevich, 1939:22 Pentameroides Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:248 Penlamerus Sowerby, 1812:73 Penllandella Boucot, 1964b: 104 Pentlandina Bancroft, 1949b: 13 Penzhinothyns Smirnova, 1969, in Smirnova and Perga- ment, 1969:36 Perakia Hamada, 1969b: 7 Perdilocardima Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:246 Peregrinella Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1305 Peregnnelloidea Dagys, 1968:43 Perenmlhyris Tchorszhewsky, 1973; 1974 [nomina nuda] **Pereudesia Dali, 1920 [= Coplothyns} Penallus Hoover, 1979:17 Perichoneles Xu, 1979a:372 Peridalejina Havlicek, 1973:337 Pendiolithus Huepsch, 1768 [nonbinomial] Perigeyerella Wang, 1955:346 Perimecocoeha Cooper, 1956c: 593 Penssothyris Carter, 1967b:588 Pentnloechia Xu, Rong, and Liu, 1974:151 Permianella He and Zhu, 1979:132 Permicola Koczyrkevicz, 1976b:75 Permochonetes Afanasjeva, 1977b: 148 Permophricodothyris Pavlova, 1965:134 *Permorthotetes Thomas, 1958:82 [= Orlhotetes] *Permospirifer Kulikov, 1950:5 [= Lichareuna\ Permundaria Nakamura, Kato, and Choi, 1970:295 Perrienthyns Almeras, 1971:423 (Peshiatrypa ) Xian, 1978a:298 [subgenus of Desquamatia] Pesterevatrypa Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:93 Petasmaia Cooper and Grant, 1969:10 Petasmalherus Cooper and Grant, 1969:12 Petria Mendes, 1961 b:22 Petrocrama Raymond, 1911:229 [new name for Cramella ] Petroria Wilson, 1926:28 Pexidella Bittner, 1890:300 Phapsuhynchia Pajaud, 1976:102 Pharcidodiscus Roberts, 1976:46 *Pharetra Bolten, 1798:159 [= Lingula ] Philedra. — Bekker, 1921 [misspelling of Philhedra] Philhedra Koken, 1889:467 Philhedrella Kozlowski, 1929:28 Phlogoiderhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:18 Phoemcitoechia Havlicek, 1960:242 **Pholidops Hall, 1859 [= Craniops ] Pholidostrophia Hall and Clark, 1892:287 Phragmophora Cooper, 1955a:51 Phragmorthis Cooper, 1956c:509 Phragmostrophia Harper et al., 1967:428 Phragmothyris Cooper, 1955b: 66 Phrenophona Cooper and Grant, 1969:12 Phncodothyns George, 1932:525 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Phymatothyris Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Palasiella\ Physemella Godefroid, 1974:50 Physetorhyncha Sartenaer and Rozman, 1968:137 Physotreta Rowell, 1966:19 Piarorhynchella Dagys, 1974:110 Piarorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:34 * Piarothyns Sahni, 1925:370 [= Carneithyns] Pictothyris Thomson, 1927:260 Pinaxiothyris Dagys, 1968:86 Pmghuangella Jiang, 1978:315 (.Pinguaella ) Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum; = (. Pinguaella ) Boucot and Johnson, 1979] (.Pinguaella ) Boucot and Johnson, 1979:114 [subgenus of Kirkidium\ Pinguispirifer Havlicek, 195 7a: 246 Pioglyptus. —St. Joseph, 1941 [misspelling of Idioglyptus] Pionodema Foerste, 1912:139 [new name for Bathycoelia] Pionomena Cooper, 1956c:901 (.Pionorthis) Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:244 [subgenus of Plaesiomys] fPirgula Gregorio, 1930 [replaced by Pirgulia\ Pirgulia Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Pirgula] Pirothyris Thomson, 1927:280 Pirotothyris Sucic-Protic, 1971:31 Pisirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:28 *Pizarroa Hoek, 1912, in Steinmann and Hoek, 1912:246 [= Bislramia] Pizzaroa. —Eastman, 1913 [misspelling of Pizarroa ] Plachiloma Ferussac, 1835 [misspelling of Pachiloma\ Placothyris Westphal, 1970:38 Placolnplesia Amsden, 1968:40 Plaesiomys Flail and Clarke, 1892:196 Plagiorhyncha McLearn, 1918:138 Planalvus Carter, 1971:248 f* (Planalrypa) Copper, 1967b:231 [subgenus of Atrypa; junior homonym and junior synonym of ( Planalrypa ) Struve; each author based his generic name on the same group species] (Planalrypa) Struve, 1966:143 [subgenus of A try pa] Planicardima Savage, 1968a: 628 *Planidorsa Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:244 [= Cyrtonotella] Planirhynchia Sucic-Protic, 1969:19 Planispina Stehli, 1954:331 Planodouvillina Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 145 Planoharknessella Havlicek, 1950:42 Planoproductus Stainbrook, 1947:310 Planovatuostrum Sartenaer, 1970:16 Platidia Costa, 1852:48 Platilites Rafinesque, 1831 [incertae sedis] Plalyconcha Waterhouse, 1975:8 Platyglossanorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:8 Plalymena Cooper, 1956c:879 Platymerella Foerste, 1909b: 70 Platyorthis Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:246 *Platyrachella Fenton and Fenton, 1924:158 [= Spinocyrtia ] Platyselma Gordon, 1966:575 Platyspinfer Grabau, 1931a:355 Plalyslrophia King, 1850:106 Plalylerorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:5 Platythyns Middlemiss, 1959:109 Platytoechia Neuman, 1964:E20 *Playfairia Reed, 1917:866 [= Rafinesquina] Plebejochonetes Boucot and Harper, 1968:159 Pleclambomtes Pander, 1830:90 Plectatrypa Schuchert and Cooper, 1930:279 Plectelasma Cooper and Grant, 1969:17 Plectella Lamansky, 1901 [nomen nudum]; 1905:22 Plectocamara Cooper, 1956c: 596 Plectoconcha Cooper, 1942:233 Plectodonta Kozlowski, 1929:29 Plectodonlella Havlicek, 1953:8 Plectoglossa Cooper, 1956c: 222 Plectoidothyns Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:122 Plectorhynchella Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Monticola\ Plectorthis Hall and Clarke, 1892:194 Plectospira Cooper, 1942:228 [new name for Plychospira] * Pledospinfer Grabau, 1931a:380 [= Adolfia] Plectothyrella Temple, 1965:412 Plectothyns Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:121 ** Plectothyns Rollier, 1918 [junior homonym and junior ob¬ jective synonym of Plectothyns Buckman, 1917] Plectotreta Ulrich and Cooper, 1936a:339 Plectotrophia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:627 Pleiopleunna Schmidt, 1964:506 Plekonella Campbell, 1953:17 Plesicannatina Mizens, 1977a:89 Plesiothyris Douville, 1879:275 Plethorhyncha Hall and Clarke, 1893:191 Plethorhynchus. — Hall and Clarke, 1893 [misspelling of Ple¬ thorhyncha] Pleuramsis Rafinesque, 1831 [incertae sedis] Pleurelasma Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2922 Pleunnea. — Dali, 1877 [misspelling of Pleurmia] Pleurinia Rafinesque, 1820 [nomen nudum] (.Pleurochonetes ) Isaacson, 1977a: 175 [subgenus of Choneles ] Pleurocornu Havlicek, 1961a:46 Pleurodium Wang, 1955:345 *Pleurohorndoma Dunbar, 1955:90 [= Horndoma ] Pleuropugnoides Ferguson, 1966:354 Pleurorlhis Cooper, 1956c:329 Pleurothyrella Boucot, Caster, Ives, and Talent, 1963:89 |Pleurothyris Cloud, 1942 [replaced by Cloudella] Plicanoplia Boucot and Harper, 1968:169 J Phcanopha Havlicek, 1973 [replaced by Plicanoplites\ NUMBER 42 31 Plicanophtes Havlicek, 1974:170 [new name for Plicanoplia Havlicek, 1973] Plicarostrum Burri, 1953:281 *Plicathyns Khalfin, 1946 [= Analhyns ] Plicatifera Chao, 1927:25 Plicatocyrtia Gauri, 1965:55 Phcaloderbya Thomas, 1937:14 P/icatolmgula Liu, 1979:509 Plicalosyrinx Minato, 1952:168 Plicigera Bittner, 1890 [group term, no generic validity] Phcxrhynchia Allan, 1947a:493 Plicochonetes Paeckelmann, 1930:222 Plicocoelina Boucot and Johnson, 1966b: 1038 Plicocyrtia Boucot, 1963:704 Plicocyrtina Havlicek, 1956:608 Plicodevonana Boucot and Harper, 1968:162 (.Plicogypa ) Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:27 [subgenus of Gypidula ] Plicoplasia Boucot, 1959a: 19 Plicoproductus Ljaschenko, 1969a: 14 Plicostncklandia Boucot and Ehlers, 1963:55 Phcostropheodonta Sokolskaja, 1960:214 Phcotorymfer Abramov and Solomina, 1970, in Menner et al., 1970: 111; in Abramov, 1970:153 Plionoplycherhynchus Sartenaer, 1979a:537 (.Pocockia ) Lazarev, 1976:112 [subgenus of Schizophoria ] Podichnus Bromley and Surlyk, 1973 [ichnogenus] Podolella Kozlowski, 1929:31 Podtsheremia Kalashnikov, 1965 [nomen nudum]; 1966:50 Poikilosakos Watson, 1917:215 Polymorphana Cooper and Grant, 1975:1143 Polytoechia Hall and Clarke, 1892:239 Pomatospirella Bittner, 1892:26 Pomatotrema Ulrich and Cooper, 1932, in Schuchert and Cooper, 1932:109 Pomeromena Mitchell, 1977:112 Pompeckium Havlicek, 1970a:290 Pondospinfer Waterhouse, 1978:93 Pontielasma Waterhouse and Piyasin, 1970:163 Ponlisia Cooper and Grant, 1969:13 Porambomtes Pander, 1830:95 Porambomtoides Xu, 1978a:315 Poramborthis Havlicek, 1949a: 107 Porostictia Cooper, 1955a:62 Portneufia Hoover, 1979:7 Portranella Wright, 1964:169 Poslepithyns Makridin, 1960, in Licharew et al., 1960:294 Postlobothyrella Tchorszhewsky, 1971 [nomen nudum] Postrhapidothyns Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum] Pradoia Comte, 1938:44 Praecubanothyns Dagys, 1974:187 Praecyclothyns Makridin, 1955:84 Praegnantema Havlicek, 1961a:99 Praegoniolhyns Ovtsharenko, 1977 [nomen nudum] Praehorndoma Ustritsky, 1962:57; 1963, in Ustrilsky and Tschernjak, 1963:94 Praelacazella Smirnova, 1969a:81 Praelacunosella Wisniewska-Zelichowska, 1978:109 Praeleiorhynchus Rzonsnitzkaja, 1973 [nomen nudum] Praelongithyns Middlemiss, 1959:134 Praemagas Fischer and Oehlert, 1892 [nomen nudum] Praeneothyris Katz, 1962:143 Praenucleata Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum] Praewaagenoconcha Sokolskaja, 1948:132 Pranthna Havlicek, 1949b:250 Pnambomtes. —Fischer de Waldheim, 1834 [misspelling of Pleclambomtes\ Pnmorewia Licharew and Kotljar, 1978:71 Pnomtes.— Fischer de Waldheim, 1834 [misspelling of Pron- iles] Prionorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:62 Pnonothyns Cloud, 1942:66 *(Prisca) Gregorio, 1930a:31 [subgenus of Lyttoma\ = Lepto- dus] Proalnbomum Gratsianova, 1967:92 Probolanna Cooper, 1959:37 Probolioma Cooper, 1957b:27 Proboscidella Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1277 Proboscidma Branisa, 1965; Boucot, 1975 [nomina nuda; = Proboscidma Isaacson] Proboscidma Isaacson, 1977b: 192 Procerulina Andronov, 1961:76 Prochlidonophora Thomson and Owen, 1979:28 Prochonstitella Legrand-Blain, [ 1969]:220 Proconchidium Sapelnikov, 1969, in Nikolayev and Sapel- nikov, 1969:15 Prodavidsonia Havlicek, 1956:564 Producta. —Conybeare and Phillips, 1822; Sowerby, 1825 [misspelling of Productus ] Productella Hall, 1867b: 154 Productellana Stainbrook, 1950:374 Producteilma Reed, 1943:99 Produclina Sutton, 1938:551 Productorthis Kozlowski, 1927:9 Productus Sowerby, 1814:153 Progonambomtes Opik, 1934:138 * Prokeyserlingina Fredericks, 1916 [hypothetical genus; = Poikilosakos] Prokopia Havlicek, 1953:5 Promarginifera Shiells, 1966:428 ( Pronalivkima ) Rukavischnikova, 1977:134 [subgenus of Nalivkinia] **Prorates Pander, 1830 [= Clitambomtes] * Propatella Grubb, 1939:558 [= Philhedra] Propygope Bittner, 1890:210 Prorensselaena Raymond, 1923:468 Proreticulana Havlicek, 1957a:247 Pronchthofema King, [ 1931 ]:97 32 Proschizophona Maillieux, 1912:177 Prospira Maxwell, 1954:35 Prosserella Grabau, 1910, in Grabau and Sherzer, 1910:139 Pros trick landia Rukavischnikova and Sapelnikov, 1973:106 *Prosynngothyns Fredericks, 1916:51 [= Synngothyns] Protambomtes Havlicek, 1972, in Havlicek and Josopait, 1972:348 Protamdanthus Liao, 1979:537 Protathyns Kozlowski, 1929:30 Protatrypa Boucot, Johnson, and Staton, 1964:809 Protegulifenna Licharew, 1960, in Sarytcheva et al., 1960: 236 Proteorlhis Havlicek, 1974:168 Protobolus Liu, 1979:507 Protochonetes Muir-Wood, 1962:50 Protocortezorlhis Johnson and Talent, 1967a: 154 (Prolocymostrophia ) Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 127 [sub¬ genus of Mesodouvillina\ Protodouvillina Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 138 Protogusarella Perry and Chatterton, 1979:317 Protoleptostrophia Caster, 1939:75 (Protomegastrophia) Caster, 1939:36 [subgenus of Megastro- phia\ Protomendacella Havlicek, 1970b:31 Protoma. —Link, 1830 [misspelling of Productus ] Protomella Bell, 1929:110 Protophragmapora Alekseeva, 1967:7 Protorhyncha Hall and Clarke, 1893:180 Prolorthis Hall and Clarke, 1892:232 (Protoshalena ) Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 162 [subgenus of Shalena\ *Prolosiphon Matthew, 1897:70 [= Trematobolus] Protoskemdioides Williams, 1974:83 Protosyphon. —Gorjansky, 1960 [misspelling of Protosiphon ] Prolosynngothyns .—Fredericks, 1918 [misspelling of Prosynn- gothyns\ Prototreta Bell, 1938:405 Protozeuga Twenhofel, 1913, in Savage, 1913:51 Protozyga Hall and Clarke, 1893:149 Psamathopalass Liu, 1979:510 Psebajithyns Tchorszhewsky, 1974:48 Pseudoamsopleurella Xu, 1978:222 [spelled Pseudoamsopeurella in paper] Pseudoatrypa Copper, 1973:492 Pseudobolus Cooper, 1956c: 194 Pseudobornhardtina Yang, 1977:460 Pseudocamarophona Wedekind, 1926:197 Pseudocamaroloechia Kulkov, 1974, in Ivanovskii and Kul¬ kov, 1974:53 Pseudochoneles Su, 1976:183 Pseudoconchidium Nikiforova and Sapelnikov, 1971:52 Pseudocrania McCoy, 1851:389 Pseudocyrlina Dagys, 1962a:54 Pseudoderbyia Licharew, 1934a:213 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Pseudodicellomus Bell, 1962, in Bell and Ellinwood, 1962: 407 *Pseudodicoelosia Boucot and Amsden, 1958:162 [= Rhipido- mella ] Pseudodielasma Brill, 1940:317 *Pseudodoumllina Stainbrook, 1945:27 [= Nervostrophia ] Pseudogibbirhynchia Ager, 1962:108 Pseudoglossinotoechia Tcherkesova, 1967:9 Pseudoglossothyris Buckman, 1901:240 Pseudogruenewaldtia Rzonsnitzkaja, 1960:46 Pseudohalorella Dagys, 1965:66 Pseudoharttina Licharew, 1934a:212 Pseudohomeospira Nikiforova, 1970:139 *Pseudokeyserlingina Fredericks, 1916 [hypothetical genus; = Cardinocrania] Pseudokingena Bose and Schlosser, 1900:177 Pseudolabaia Ching and Ye, 1979:130 Pseudolaballa Dagys, 1974:145 *Pseudoleiorhynchus Rozman, 1962:122 [= Tnfidorostellum ] Pseudolepismatina Ching and Sun, 1976, in Ching et ah, 1976:321 *Pseudoleptaena Miloradovich, 1947:96 [= Leptagoma ] **Pseudoleptaena Williams, 1965 [invalid new name for Lep- taenella Sokolskaja, 1952, which is a junior objective synonym of Leptagoma ] Pseudoleptodus Stehli, 1956:311 Pseudolingula Mickwitz, 1909:771 Pseudomagas Makridin and Katz, 1965 [nomen nudum] Pseudomargimfera Stepanov, 1934:56 **Pseudomartima Leidhold, 1928 [new name proposed for Martinia Waagen, citation unknown; = Martima ] Pseudometoptoma Huene, 1899:211 Pseudonudirostra Rozman, 1960 [nomen nudum] *Pseudoorthotetes Sokolskaja, 1963 in Sarytcheva et ah, 1963: 97 [= Orthotetes] Pseudoparazyga Johnson, 1970b: 181 *Pseudopentagoma Besnossova, 1963, in Sarytcheva et ah, 1963:315 [= Composita ] Pseudopholidops Bekker, 1921:64 Pseudoporambomtes Zeng, 1977:51 \Pseudoprotalhyris Modzalevskaja, 1979:59 Pseudopugnax Licharew, 1956, in Kiparisova et ah, 1956:56 Pseudopygoides Xu, 1978b:303 Pseudorugilela Dagys, 1959b: 100 Pseudosieberella Godefroid, 1972:3 Pseudospirifenna Yang and Xu, 1966:41 Pseudoslrophalosia Clarke, 1970:987 Pseudostrophomena Roomusoks, 1963:237 Pseudosyringolhyns Fredericks, 1916:51 Pseudosyrinx Weller, 1914:405 Pseudotubithyris Almeras, 1971:361 Pseudouncinulus Rzonsnitzkaja, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968: 111 Pseudowattomthyns Almeras, 1971:393 NUMBER 42 33 Psendowellerella Licharew, 1956, in Kiparisova et al., 1956: 58 Pseudoyunnanella Chen, 1978:336 Psilocamara Cooper, 1956a:523 f Psilonotus Stehli, 1954 [replaced by Elhottella ] Psiloria Cooper, 1976:282 Psilothyns Cooper, 1955c: 10 Psioidea Hector, 1879:538 Psioidiella Campbell, 1968:33 Pterophloeus. —Bittner, 1890 [misspelling of Pterophloius] Pterophloios. —Zugmayer, 1880 [misspelling of Pterophloius] ** Pterophloius Guembel, 1861 [= Bactrynium] Pteroplecta Waterhouse, 1978:56 Pterospirifer Dunbar, 1955:128 Ptilorhynchia Crickmay, 1933:877 Ptilotorhynchus Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2011 Ptychoglyptus Willard, 1928:283 Ptychomaletoechia Sartenaer, 196la:7 Ptychopeltis Perner, 1903:42 Ptychopleurella Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:244 f Ptychospira Hall and Clarke, 1894 [replaced by Plectospira ] Ptyctorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:47 Ptyctothyns Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:101 Ptygmactrum Cooper and Grant, 1976a: 1939 Puanatrypa Xian, I978a:302 Puanospirifer Jiang, 1978:329 Pugilis Sarytcheva, 1949:104 [replacement by Pugilus in¬ valid, Pugilis not preoccupied] **Pugilus Sarytcheva, 1952 [invalid new name for Pugilis , Pugilis not preoccupied] Pugites DeHaan, 1838 [nomen nudum] Pugnacina Zyong and Rzonsnitzkaja, 1968, in Zyong et al., 1968:? Pugnax Hall and Clarke, 1893:203 Pugnoides Weller, 1910:512 Pulchratia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:250 *Pulchnthyns Sahni, 1925:361 [= Carneithyns] (Pulsia ) Ivanov, 1925:114 [subgenus of Schellwienella ] Pumilus Atkins, 1958:560 Punctatrypa Havlicek, 1953:8 Punctocyrtella Plodowski, 1968:252 Punctohra Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:628 *Punctopatella Grubbs, 1939:559 [= Petrocrania] Punctospirella Dagys, 1974:136 Punctospirifer North, 1920:213 Punclothyris Hyde, 1953:288 Punctspinatrypa Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:116 Purdonella Reed, 1944:218 [new name for Munella ] Pustula Thomas, 1914:259 Pustulatia Cooper, 1956b:769 [new name for Pustulina] ] Pustulina Cooper, 1942 [invalid new name for Vitulina, Pustulina preoccupied; replaced by Pustulatia] Pustuloplica Waterhouse, 1968a: 45 Pygites Buckman, 1906a:449 [new name for Pugites ] Pygmaella Baranov, 1977:80 Pygmochonetes Jing and Hu, 1978:111 Pygope Link, 1830:435 Pyraeneica Sucic-Protic, 1971:23 *Pyramidalia Nalivkin, 1947:124 [= Cyrtinaella ] Pyramina Ljaschenko, 1969a:23 Qians ispinfer Yang, 1977:423 Qilianoconcha Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:166 Qilianotryma Xu, 1979b:97 Qingyema Yang and Xu, 1966:50 **Quadranetes Sadlick, 1963 [= Neochonetes] Quadratia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:162 Quadratirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:42 *Quadrifanus Fuchs, 1923:854; 1929:195 [= Delthyns] (Quadnkentron ) Boucot and Gauri, 1966:1023 [subgenus of Strophochonetes) Quadrisonia Rowell and Henderson, 1978:6 Quadnthynna Havlicek, 1959a:244 Quadrithyris Havlicek, 195 7b:440 Quadrochonetes Stehli, 1954:309 Quangyuama Sheng, 1975:81 (Quasiavoma ) Brunton, 1966:220 [subgenus of Avoma] Quasimartima Havlicek, 1957 [nomen nudum]; 1959a:257 (Quasistrophonella ) Harper and Boucot, 1978a:98 [subgenus of Strophonella ] Quasithamboma Bednarczyk and Biernat, 1978:303 *Quebecia Walcott, 1905:320 [= Yorkia] Qumquenella Waterhouse, 1975:2 Quizhouspmfer Xian, 1979:116 ( Radiatrypa ) Copper, 1978:293 [subgenus of Variatrypa ] Radiomena Havlicek, 1962:471 Rafinesquina Hall and Clarke, 1892:282 Rallacosta Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2278 Ramavectus Stehli, 1954:327 Ranorlhis Opik, 1939:119 Rastelhgera Hector, 1879:538 Ratbuna Yanagida, 1970:85 * Rauffia Schulz, 1914:371 [= Bornhardtina] 'fRauna Opik, 1932 [replaced by Raumtes] Raumtes Opik, 1939:135 [new name for Rauna ] Ravozetina Havlicek, 1974:169 Rawdoma Peou, 1979:190 Raymondella Bancroft, 1933 [nomen nudum] t Raymondella Whittington, 1938 [replaced by Bancroftina] Rectuhynchia Buckman, 1917:74 Rectithyris Sahni, 1929:9 Rectotrophia Bates, 1968:176 Redlichella Walcott, 1908:90 (Reedoconcha ) Kotljar, 1964:124 [subgenus of Productus ] Reeftonella Boucot, 1959c:768 Reeftoma Allan, 1947b:436 Reflexia Rotai, 1931:24 34 *Regelia Crickmay, 1952:2 [= Cyrtospirifer] Remversella Bates, 1968:169 Remnevitoechia Gratsianova, 1970, in Alekseeva et al., 1970: 97 (Renaudia ) Racheboeuf, 1976:71 [subgenus of Eodevonana] Rensselaena Hall, 1859b:38 Rensselaenna Dunbar, 1917:469 Rensselandia Hall, 1867a:385 Resserel/a Bancroft, 1928b:54 Relana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:231 Retichonetes Muir-Wood, 1962:63 Reliculana McCoy, 1844:143 Reticulanina Fredericks, 1916:16 RelicuLanopsis Fredericks, 1916:17 Reticulatia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:284 Reticulatochonetes Bublichenko, 1956:97 Reticulatrypa Savage, 1970:663 Retimarginifera Waterhouse, 1970:123 (Retrorsirostra ) Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:244 [subgenus of Plaesiomys] Retzia King, 1850:137 *Relziella Nikiforova, 1937:83 [= Rhynchospinna] Retzispmfer Kulkov, 1960:929 Reuschella Bancroft, 1928a: 180 Reushella. —Alichova, 1960 [misspelling of Reuschella] Reveroides Sapelnikov, 1976:3 Rhaclomena Mitchell, 1977:111 Rhactorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:50 Rhaclorlhis Williams, 1963:372 Rhaelina Waagen, 1882:334 Rhaetinopsis Yang and Xu, 1966:80 Rhamnana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:119 Rhapidothyns Tuluweit, 1965:72 Rhenorensselaena Kegel, 1913:127 (Rhenospmfer) Mittmeyer, 1972:99 [subgenus of Euryspm- f eT ) (Rhenostrophia) Boucot, 1960a:483 [subgenus of Slropho- donta] Rherwthyns Struve, 1970:460 Rhinobolus. —Hall and Clarke, 1892 [misspelling of Rhyno- bolus] Rhipidium Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:249 Rhipidomella Oehlert, 1890:372 [new name for Rhipidomys} *Rhipidomelloides Boucot and Amsden, 1958:165 [= Rhipi¬ domella] Rhipidomena Cooper, 1956c:867 f Rhipidomys Oehlert, 1887 [replaced by Rhipidomella ] Rhipidolhyns Cooper and Williams, 1935:847 Rhizothyns Thomson, 1915d:399 Rhombolhyris Middlemiss, 1959:99 *Rhynchalrypa Siehl, 1962:199 [= Dubana\ * Rhynchocamara Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:248 [= Corner- ella ] Rhynchoferella Spriestersbach, 1942:199 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Rhynchonella Fischer de Waldheim, 1809:35 Rhynchonellma Gemmellaro, 1871:102 Rhynchonellis .—Keferstein, 1828 [misspelling of Rhyncho¬ nella] Rhynchonelloidea Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:38 Rhynchonelloidella Muir-Wood, 1936a:49 f Rhynchonellopsis Bose, 1894 [replaced by Capillirostra] t Rhynchonellopsis Gregorio, 1930 [replaced by Sulcirostra] Rhynchonellopsis Vincent, 1893:50 Rhynchopora King, 1865:124 [replacement by Rhynchoponna invalid, Rhynchopora not preoccupied] **Rhynchoponna Oehlert, 1887 [invalid new name for Rhyn¬ chopora, Rhynchopora not preoccupied] Rhynchora Dalman, 1828:136 Rhynchonna Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1326 Rhynchorthis Bates, 1968:160 ^Rhynchospira Hall, 1859 [replaced by Rhynchospinna] *Rhynchospmfer Paulus, 1957:51 [= Prosserella] Rhynchospinna Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:121 [new name for Rhynchospira] Rhynchotelra Weller, 1910:506 Rhynchotrema Hall, 1860:68 Rhynchotrela Hall, 1879:166 Rhynchotretma Khalfin, 1948:175 Rhynchura. —Agassiz, 1848 [misspelling of Rhynchora] Rhyncospira. —Hall, 1859 [misspelling of Rhynchospira] Rhynobolus Hall, 1871a:5 Rhyselasma Yadrenkina, 1972:177 Rhysostrophia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:630 Rhysolrela Cooper, 1956c:259 Rhyssochonetes Johnson, 1970a:2095 Rhyliophora Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:192 Rhylirhynchia Cooper, 1957a:8 Rhylisia Cooper and Grant, 1975:967 *Rhytistrophia Caster, 1939:86 [= Leplosl.rophia] Richthofema Kayser, 1881:351 Riclia Gregorio, 1930a:27 Rigbyella Stehli, 1956:310 Rimirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:60 Rimirhynchopsis Dagys, 1963:71 Riograndella Kobayashi, 1937:422 Rionirhynchia Kvakhadze, 1971 [nomen nudum] Rioultina Pajaud, 1966c:631 Ripidiorhynchus Sartenaer, 1966a:2 Robertorthis Havlicek, 1977a:51 Robinsonella Moisseiev, 1936:45 Robustirhynchia Seifert, 1963:174 Rochatorhynchia Katz, 1962:132 Rocheilhyris Almeras, 1971:345 Roemerella Hall and Clarke, 1890:137 Rorningenna Hall and Clarke, 1893:271 Rorespinfer Waterhouse and Piyasin, 1970:156 Rosella Andreeva, 1972:52 ]'Rossella Jones, 1978 [replaced by Nanukidium] NUMBER 42 35 Rossirhynchus Gaetani, 1964:638 /Joi/ranten; Gemmellaro, 1898 [nomen nudum]; 1899:104 Rostricellula Ulrich and Cooper, 1942:626 Roslnrhynchia Sucic-Protic, 1969:47 *Rostrospinfer Grabau, 1931c:407 [= Euryspirifer ] Rotaia Rzonsnitzkaja, 1959:30 |new name for Welleria Rotai, 1941] Rotundostrophia Gratsianova, 1960, in Khalfin, 1960b:439 Rouilhena Makridin, 1960, in Licharew et al., 1960:295 Rowellella Wright, 1963:233 * Row leyel la Weller, 1911:448 [= Camarospira] Rozmanana Weyer, 1972:85 **Rudima Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960 [= Desmoinesia\ Ruduhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:44 Ruegenella Owen, 1977:224 Ruga/larostrum Sartenaer, 1961a:6 Rugana Cooper and Grant, 1969:5 Rugatia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:286 Rugauns Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:193 Rugia Steinich, 1963:735 Rugicostella Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:167 Rugitela Muir-Wood, 1936a: 121 Rugithyris Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:127 Rugwestis Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:235 Rugoclostus Easton, 1962:59 Rugoconcha Ching and Sun, 1979 [nomen nudum] Rugoleptaena Havlicek, 1956:558 Rugosatrypa Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:98 Rugosochonetes Sokolskaja, 1950:23 (Rugosowerbyelta) Mitchell, 1977:83 [subgenus of Sower- byetla] Rugoslrophia Neuman, 1971:119 *Rugulaha Sokolskaja, 1952, in Sarytcheva and Sokolskaja, 1952:187 [= Lichareuna ] Russiella Makridin, 1964:288 Russirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:52 *Rustel/a Walcott, 1905:311 [= Kutorgina] **Ruthema Fredericks, 1928 [= Waagenoconcha ] Rzonsmckiana Mamedov, 1976:121 Saccogonum Havlicek, 1971 c:27 Saccorhynchia Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:154 Sacothyns Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:214 Sagueresia Mohanti, 1972:172 Sajakella Nasikanova, 1968, in Sarytcheva, 1968:141 Sakawairhynchia Tokuyama, 1957b: 126 Salacorthis Williams, 1974:79 Salainna Alekseeva, 1970, in Alekseeva et al., 1970:131 Salairotoechia Rzonsnitzkaja, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968: 123 Salgirella Moisseiev, 1936:48 Saloma Cooper and Whitcomb, 1933:496 Sa/opia Williams, 1955, in Whittington and Williams, 1955:409 Salopina Boucot, 1960b: 3 Sampo Opik, 1933a:35 Sandia Sutherland and Harlow, 1973:41 Sanjuama Amos, 1958:841 Sanqiaolhyris Yang and Xu, 1966:83 Sapelmkovia Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum; = Sapelmkovia Boucot and Johnson, 1979] **Sapelmkoma Boucot and Johnson, 1979:118 [= Reveroides] Sardope Dieni et al., 1973:196 Sarganostega Cooper and Grant, 1969:15 Saucrorlhis Xu, Rong, and Liu, 1974:151 *Saughina Bancroft, 1949a:7 [= Fardema ] Saukrodiclya Wright, 1964:219 (Savageina) Boucot, 1975:355 [subgenus of Anastrophia] Scacchinella Gemmellaro, 1891:23 Scalpelhrhynchia Muir-Wood, 1936b:477 Scambocns Liu, 1979:507 Scamnomena Bassett, 1977:134 Scapharma Cooper and Grant, 1975:895 Scaphelasma Cooper, 1956c: 260 Scaphiocoelia Whitfield, 1891:107 Scaphorthis Cooper, 1956c: 502 Sceletonia Cooper and Grant, 1974:406 Scenesia Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2757 Scemdium. —Oehlert, 1887 [misspelling of Skemdium ] Schachnomoma Nikiforova, 1978:118 Schedophyla Neuman, 1971:122 Schegultama Andronov, 1961 [nomen nudum] Schellwienella Thomas, 1910:92 Schislochonetes Roberts, 1971:54 Schizambon Walcott, 1884:70 Schizarnboma. —Oehlert, 1887 [improper emendation of Schizambon ] Schizobolus Ulrich, 1886:26 Schizocrama Hall and Whitfield, 1875:71 t Schizonema Foerste, 1909 [replaced by Schizoramma ] Schizopholis Waagen, 1885:753 Schizophorella Reed, 1917:858 Schizophona King, 1850:106 Schizoramma Foerste, 1912:139 [new name for Schizonema] Schizospinfer Grabau, 1931a:353 Schizotreta Kutorga, 1848:274 Schizotretoides Termier and Monod, 1978:151 t Schmidtia Volborth, 1869 [replaced by Schmidtites ] Schmidtites Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:121 [new name for Schmidtia ] Schnurella Schmidt, 1964:505 Schnuna Clarke, 1889 [nomen nudum] Schrenkiella Barchatova, 1970 [nomen nudum]; 1973:97 Schuchertella Girty, 1904:734 Schuchertellopsis Maillieux, 1939:5 f Schuchertia Fredericks, 1926 [replaced by Stnispinfer ] Schuchertina Walcott, 1905:323 Schwagenspira Dagys, 1972a: 101 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Scoloconcha Gordon, 1966:583 Scumulus Steinich, 1968a: 199 Scutepustula Sarytcheva, 1963, in Sarytcheva et al., 1963: 165 Sedenticellula Cooper, 1942:231 Selenella Hall and Clarke, 1893:271 Sellithyns Middlemiss, 1959:113 Selloproduclus Termier, Termier, Lapparent, and Marin, 1974:143 Semenewia Paeckelmann, 1930:224 Semibrachythynna Yang and Ting, 1962, in Yang et al., 1962:104 Semicostella Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:195 *Semmula McCoy, 1844:158 [= Composita ] Semioloechia Ljaschenko, 1973:44 Semiplanella Sarytcheva and Legrand-Blain, 1977:79 Semiplanus Sarytcheva, 1952, in Sarytcheva and Sokol- skaja, 1952:119 Semiproductus Bublichenko, 1956:99 Semitrela Biernat, 1973:75 Sendaithyns Hatai, 1940:253 Senokosica Sucic-Protic, 1971:28 Sentoluma Havlicek, 1967a:53 Sentosia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:196 Septacamera Stepanov, 1937:146 Septacatazyga Distler, 1972 [nomen nudum] Septachonetes Chatterton, 1973:76 Septalana Leidhold, 1928:38 Septalanopsis Chen, 1978:331 Septaliphona Leidhold, 1921:354 Septaliphonoidea Yang and Xu, 1966:29 Septamphiclina Jin and Fang, 1977:57 Septaparmella Su, 1976:185 Seplannia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:252 Septasteges Waterhouse and Piyasin, 1970:120 Septathyns Boucot, Johnson, and Staton, 1964:819 Seplatoechia Lobatscheva and Titova, 1977:102 Septalrypa Kozlowski, 1929:30 Septemirostellum Roberts, 1971:132 Septiconcha Termier, Termier, Lapparent, and Marin, 1974:125 Septirhynchia Muir-Wood, 1935:106 Septocamera. —Licharew, 1960 [misspelling of Septacamera] Septocruralha Makridin, 1954 [nomen nudum] Seplocrurella Wisniewska, 1932:65 Septocrurethyris Askerov, 1964; 1965; 1967 [nomina nuda] Septocyclothyns Xu, 1978b:282 *Septoproductus Freeh, 1911:132 [= Tschernyschewia ] Septorthis Hints, 1973:251 Septospmfer Waterhouse, 1971, in Bamber and Water- house, 1971:222 Septospingerella Grunt, 1965, in Ruzhentsev and Saryt¬ cheva, 1965:237 Seplosynngolhyns Vandercammen, 1955:2 Septothyns Cooper and Williams, 1935:849 Septulirhynchia Almeras, 1966:110 (Seratrypa ) Copper, 1967a: 132 [subgenus of Desquamatia ] Serbiothyris Sucic-Protic, 1971:25 Sergospinfer Ivanova, 1952, in Sarytcheva and Sokolskaja, 1952:190 Sergunkovia Nalivkin, 1979:129 Sencoidea Lindstrom, 1953:134 Serratocrista Brunton, 1968:39 Serrulatrypa Havlicek, 1977b:299 Sestropoma Cooper and Grant, 1969:8 t Setigerella Girty, 1938 [replaced by Setigenles] Setigenles Girty, 1939:141 [new name for Setigerella) Settedabania Abramov, 1970:148 (Severella ) Sapelnikov, 1963:15 [subgenus of Brooksina ] Shagamella Boucot and Harper, 1968:167 Shalena Caster, 1939:34 Shalenella Harper and Boucot, 1978b: 160 Shiqianella Xian, 1978a:272 *Shiragia Kobayashi, 1935:70 [= Bohemiella ] Shizolreta. — Davidson, 1856 [misspelling of Schizotreta ] Shrockia Boucot and Smith, 1978:268 Shroshaerhynchta Ovtsharenko, 1977 [nomen nudum] Shumardella Weller, 1910:512 Sibenothyris Dagys, 1968:128 Siberistrophia Astashkina, 1970:131 Sibiratrypa Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:100 Sibma Gorjansky, 1977, in Pelman, 1977:47; in Gorjansky, 1977:99 Sibinrhynchia Rzonsnitzkaja, 1978 [nomen nudum] Sibinspira Alekseeva, 1968:198 Sibmtoechia Alekseeva, 1966:1147 Siceha Gortani and Merla, 1934:284 [new name for Gem- mellaria] Sichuanrhynchus Tong, 1978:243 Sicorhyncha Havlicek, 1961a:28 Sieberella Oehlert, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:131 1 **Siebenna Andronov, 1961 [= Gypiduhna\ Sikasella Nalivkin, 1979:156 Silesiathyns Brugge, 1977:664 Simphcanna Cooper and Grant, 1975:966 Simplicithyns Zezina, 1976:101 *Sinocyrtiopsis Gatinaud, 1949:491 [= Cyrtiopsis] Smoproductella Wang, 1955:350 **Smoproductus Chan, 1962 [= Monliculifera ] Smorhynchia Yang and Xu, 1966:32 Sinorthis Wang, 1955:328 Smoshalena Xian, 1978a:268 *Smospirifer Grabau, 1931a:231 [= Cyrtospmfer ] Sinoslrophia Hamada, 1968 [nomen nudum]; 1971:52 Sinotectiroslrum Sartenaer, 1961a:3 *Sinothyns Minato, 1953:68 [= Reticulana ] Sinuatella Muir-Wood, 1928:37 Sinucosta Dagys, 1963:104 NUMBER 42 37 Sinuplicorhynchia Dagys, 1965:56 Siphonosia Cooper and Grant, 1975:1188 Siphonotrela Verneuil, 1845:286 Skelidorygma Carter, 1974:692 Skenidioides Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:243 Skemdium Hall, 1860:70 Slovenirhynchia Siblik, 1967:159 SrneathenelLa Bancroft, 1928a: 177 Socraticum Gregorio, 1930a:25 Solidipontirostrum Sartenaer, 1970:22 Somalirhynchia Weir, 1925:80 Somalitela Muir-Wood, 1935:140 Somalithyns Muir-Wood, 1935:124 *Soudleyella Bancroft, 1945:209 [= Onniella] *Sowerbina Fredericks, [ 1928]:778 [= Horndonia] Sowerbyella Jones, 1928:384 Sowerbyites Teichert, 1937:66 Spanodonla Prendergast, 1935:13 Spasskothyns Smirnova, 1975c:74 Sphaenrhynchia Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Wilsonella] *Sphaerobolus Matthew, 1895:263 [= Lingulobolus] Sphaeroidothyns Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:115 Sphenalosia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:88 Sphenanna Cooper, 1959:63 Sphenophragmus Imbrie, 1959:365 Sphenorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:30 Sphenorlhis Grubbs, 1939:555 Sphenospira Cooper, 1954:330 Sphenosteges Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:108 Sphenotreta Cooper, 1956c:663 Spinarella Cooper and Grant, 1975:1059 Spinatrypa Stainbrook, 1951:196 [new name for Hystricina] Spinatrypina Rzonsnitzkaja, 1964:101 Spinauris Roberts, 1971:107 Spinella Talent, 1956:21 Spimfrons Stehli, 1954:318 Spimlingula Cooper, 1956c:210 Spinocannifera Roberts, 1971:100 Spinochonetes Rong, Xu, and Yang, 1974:204 Spinocyrlia Fredericks, 1916:18 * Spinocyrtina Fredericks, 1916:18 [= Cyrtina] Spinolepismatina Dagys, 1974:147 Spinolyttoma Sarytcheva, 1964:69 Spinomarginifera Huang, 1932:19 Spinomarlima Waterhouse, 1968a:53 Spinoplasia Boucot, 1959a: 18 Spinorthis Wright, 1964:185 Spinorugifera Roberts, 1976:50 fSpinospinfer Biernat, 1966:117 Spinospinfer Martynova, 1961:107 Spinostrophia Jiang, 1978:267 Spinulicosta Nalivkin, 1937:49 Spinuliplica Campbell, 1961:442 Spinulolhele Rowell, 1977:76 Spmulothyris Antostschenko, 1973:112 Spirelylha Fredericks, [ 1924a]:304 Spindwphora. —Sarytcheva, 1960 [misspelling of Spyndi- ophora ] Spirifer Sowerby, 1818:41 Spirifera. —Murray, 1831; Sowerby, 1835 [misspelling of Spirifer] Spiriferella Tschernyschew, 1902:121 Spinferellina Fredericks, [I924a]:299 Spiriferina Orbigny, 1847:268 Spinfennaella Fredericks, 1926:407 Spmferinoides Tokuyama, 1957a: 101 Spinferus. —Blainville, 1827 [misspelling of Spirifer] Spingera Orbigny, 1847 [invalid new name for Athyns, Alhyns not preoccupied] Spmgerella Waagen, 1883:452 Spmgerelhna Dagys, 1974:160 Spmgerina Orbigny, 1847:268 Spinnella Johnston, 1941:161 Spinsosium Gregorio, 1930a:23 *Spmthyris Quenstedt, 1868 [nomen nudum; = Athyns ] Spiropunctifera Ivanova, 1971:120 Spitzbergema Kotljar, 1977:155 Spondilobolus.— Gorjansky, 1960 [misspelling of Spondylo- bolus] Spondylobolus McCoy, 1851:408 Spondylobus. —Davidson, 1853; Dali, 1870 [misspelling of Spondylobolus] Spondylopyxis Johnson, Boucot, and Murphy, 1976:47 Spondylospira Cooper, 1942:232 (Spondylospirifenna ) Dagys, 1972c:38 [subgenus of Pennos- pinfenna ] Spondylostrophia Kulkov, 1967:33 Spondylotreta Cooper, 1956c: 255 Spurwsa Cooper and Grant, 1975:898 Spunspinfer Havlfcek, 197la:27 Spyndiophora Cooper and Stehli, 1955:471 Squamaria Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:288 Squamatina Havh'cek and Racheboeuf, 1979:109 Squamilingulella Xu, 1978a:285 Squamiplana Sucic-Protic, 1971:8 Squamirhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:63 *Squamulana Gemmellaro, 1899:192 [= Phncodothyris] Squamulariina Fredericks, 1916:19 Stegacanthia Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:198 Stegerhynchops Amsden, 1978:27 Stegerhynchus Foerste, 1909b:97 Stegocomu Durkoop, 1970:185 Stegorhynchella Rzonsnitzkaja, 1959:27 Steinhagella Goldring, 1957:223 Stelckia Crickmay, 1963:21 Stenaulacorhynchus Sartenaer, 1968a: 3 Stenocamara Cooper, 1956c:602 38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Stenochisma. —Schuchert, 1897; Grabau and Shimer, 1909 [improper emendation of Stenoscisrna] Stenocisma. — Hall, 1847 [improper emendation of Stenos- cisma ] Stenoglossanorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:6 (Stenopentamerus) Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum; = ( Steno- pentamerus) Boucot and Johnson, 1979] (Stenopentamerus) Boucot and Johnson, 1979:111 [subgenus of Harpidium ] Stenosanna Cooper, 1977:95 Stenoschisma. —Oehlert, 1887; Hall and Clarke, 1894 [im¬ proper emendation of Stenoscisrna ] Stenoscisrna Conrad, 1839:59 *Stepanoviella Zavodowsky, 1960:336 [= Globiella ] Stepanovuna Zavodowsky, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:170 Stereochia Grant, 1976:150 Stethothyns Thomson, 1918:23 Sticholrophia Cooper, 1948:473 Stictozoster Grant, 1976:96 Sliphrothyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:109 Stipulina Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:200 *(Stita ) Gregorio, 1930a:32 [subgenus of Lyllonia\ = Ad¬ riana ] Slolmorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:46 Stolzenburgiella Bittner, 1903:508 Straelenia Maillieux, 1935:12 Streptaria Cooper, 1959:39 Streptis Davidson, 1881a: 150 Streptopomum Havlicek, 1967a:207 Strep torhynchus King, 1850:107 Stnarina Cooper, 1973a:7 Stnalifera Chao, 1927:94 Stnatochonetes Mikrjukov, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:90 Stnatoproductella Krylova, 1962:55 *Stnatoproductus Nalivkin, 1947:75 [= Devonoproduclus) Slnalopugnax Chen, 1978:322 Stnatospica Waterhouse, 1975:11 Stncklandia Billings, 1859a: 134 [replacement by Stnck- landima invalid, Stncklandia not preoccupied] Stncklandiella Sapelnikov and Rukavischnikova, 1973:36 **Stncklandima Billings, 1863 [invalid, new name for Slnck- landia, Stncklandia not preoccupied] Stncklandislrophia Sapelnikov and Rukavischnikova, 1975b:96 Stngirhynchia Cooper and Grant, 1969:14 Slngocephalus. — DeFrance, 1827 [misspelling of Strygo- cephale ] Stngospina Liao, 1979:536 Strurhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:68 Stnispinfer Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Schuchertia ] Striithyris Muir-Wood, 1935:129 Stnngocephalus Defrance, 1825, in Blainville, 1825:511; Sandberger, 1842 [misspelling of Strygocephale; however, ICZN opinion 807 validated spelling] (Stnngomimus ) Struve, 1965b:461 [subgenus of Gerano- cephalus] Stnochonetes Waterhouse and Piyasin, 1970:106 *S(nxella Boucot and Amsden, 1958:170 [= Rhipidomella] Strophalosia King, 1844:313 Strophalosiella Licharew, 1935:372 Strophalosiina Licharew, 1935:369 Slropheodonta. — Hall, 1852 [misspelling of Strophodonta ] Strophena Rafinesque, 1820 [nomen nudum] Strophesia Rafinesque, 1831 [nomen nudum] Strophiodonta. —Paetel, 1875 [misspelling of Strophodonta] Strophochonetes Muir-Wood, 1962:40 Strophodonta Hall, 1850:348 Stropholosia. —Gray, 1848 [misspelling of Strophalosia ] Strophomena Rafinesque, 1824, in Blainville, 1824:302 Strophomene. — Bayle, 1878 [misspelling of Strophomenes ] Slrophomenes Rafinesque, 1820 [nomen nudum] Strophonella Hall, 1879:154 Strophonellites Havlicek, 1967a: 184 Strophonelloides Caster, 1939:106 Strophopleura Stainbrook, 1947:324 *Strophopnon Twenhofel, 1914:25 [= Strophonella ] Strophoproductus Nalivkin, 1937:46 Strophonchthofema Termier, Termier, Lapparent, and Marin, 1974:123 Stroudithyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:111 Struveina Boucot, 1975:364 Strygocephale Defrance, 1824 [nomen nudum]; 1825 [ICZN opinion 807 validated spelling as Stnngocephalus ] Strygocephalus. —Keferstein, 1828 [misspelling of Strygo¬ cephale] *Stuarte/la Belanski, 1928:24 [= Hamburgia ] Sturte/la Savage, 1971:417 Styriasis Rafinesque, 1831 [nomen nudum] Subansina Sahni and Srivastava, 1956:212 Subcuspidella Mittmeyer, 1965:81 Subglobosochoneles Afanasjeva, 1976:67 Subrensse/andia Cloud, 1942:92 Subnana Sapelnikov, 1960b: 111 Substnatifera Kotljar, 1964:123 Suessia Deslongchamps, 1855:539 Suiaella Moisseiev, 1956, in Kiparisova et al., 1956:61 Sulaella Barchatova, 1970 [nomen nudum] Sulcataria Cooper and Grant, 1969:5 Sulcathyris Durkoop, 1970:190 Sulcatina Schmidt, 1964:506 Sulcatinella Dagys, 1974:177 ( Sulcatospna ) Xu, 1979b: 109 [subgenus of Zygospua ] Sulcatospinfer Maxwell, 1954:11 *Sulcatostrophia Caster, 1939:81 [—Nervostrophia] Sulcalolhyns Dagys, 1974:176 Sulciplica Waterhouse, 1968a:25 NUMBER 42 39 Sulcirhynchia Burri, 1953:271 Sulcirostra Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:195 [new name for Rhynchonellopsis Gregorio, 1930] Sulcorhynchia Dagys, 1974:103 (Supertnlobus ) Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum; = ( Supertnlo - bus ) Boucot and Johnson, 1979] (Supertrilobus) Boucot and Johnson, 1979:100 [subgenus of Pentamerus ]; Surugathyns Yabe and Hatai, 1934:588 \Svalbardia Barchatova, 1970 [nomen nudum]; Afanasjeva, 1977a:26 Svaljavithyns Tchorszhewsky, 1974:55 Svobodaina Havhcek, 1950:38 Svobodiana. —Alichova, 1960 [misspelling of Svobodama] Swaicoelia Hamada, 1968a:6 Swa/bardoproductus Ustritsky, 1971 [nomen nudum] Swantoma Walcott, 1905:296 Symmatrypa Mizens and Sapelnikov, 1975:43 Symphythyris Smirnova, 1966:37 ( Synalrypa ) Copper, 1966b: 10 [subgenus of Desquamatia] Syndielasma Cooper, 1956c: 743 Syntrielasrna. — Meek and Worthen, 1866 [misspelling of Syntnlasrna ] *Syntrilasma Meek and Worthen, 1865, in Meek, 1865:277 [= Enteletes ] Syntrophxa Hall and Clarke, 1892 [nomen nudum]; 1893: 216 Syntrophina Ulrich, 1928, in Weller and St. Clair, 1928:74 Syntrophmella Ulrich and Cooper, 1934 in Kobayashi, 1934: 164 Syntrophioides Schuchert and Cooper, 1931:247 Synlrophopsis Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:630 Syphonotreta. —Rouiller and Vossinsky, 1847 [misspelling of Siphonotreta ] *Synngopleura Schuchert, 1910:224 [= Syringothyris] Synngospna Kindle, 1909:29 Syringothyris Winchell, 1863:7 Szajnochiella Tchorszhewsky, 1973 [nomen nudum] Tadschikia Nikiforova, 1937:35 Taemostrophia Chatterton, 1973:43 Taemothaerus Whitehouse, 1928:281 Taffia Ulrich, 1926, in Butts, 1926:100 Tafilaltia Havhcek, 1970b: 17 Taimyrella Ustritsky, 1963, in Ustritsky and Tschernjak, 1963:115 Taimyropsis Ustritsky, 1963, in Ustritsky and Tschernjak, 1963:69 Taimyrothyris Dagys, 1968:118 Tainotoechia Tcherkesova, 1967:5 Taleoleptaena Havhcek, 1967a: 121 Tamarella Owen, 1965:57 Tanakura Hatai, 1936:322 Tanerhynchia Allan, 1947b:442 Tangkouella Grabau, 1931 [nomen nudum] Tangshanella Chao, 1929:57 Tangxiangia Xu, 1977:68 Tannuspinfer Ivanova, 1960:267 Tapajotia Dresser, 1954:33 Taphrodonla Cooper, 1956c:740 Taphrorlhis Cooper, 1956c: 326 Taphrosestna Cooper and Grant, 1975:954 Tarandrospinfer Simakov, 1970:88 Tarfaya Havhcek, 1971 c:32 Tastana Havlicek, 1965b:6 Tauromerna Seguenza, 1885:253 Taurothyns Kyansep, 1961:27 Tautosia Cooper and Grant, 1969:14 Tazzannia Havhcek, 1971 c:39 Tchegemithyns Tchorszhewsky, 1972:38 Tcherskidium Nikolayev and Sapelnikov, 1969:12 Tecnocyrtma Johnson and Norris, 1972:566 Tectarea Licharew, 1928:268 Tectorthis Maillieux, 1940 [nomen nudum] f Teguhfera Schellwien, 1898 [replaced by Teguhfenna ] Tegulifenna Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:121 [new name for Tegulifera ] Tegulithyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:123 Tegulorhynchia Chapman and Crespin, 1923:175 Teichertina Veevers, 1959:37 Teichostrophia Harper, Johnson, and Boucot, 1967:420 ( Telaeoshalena) Williams, 1950:281 [subgenus of Shaleria ] Tenellodermis Havlicek, 1971a: 11 Tenisia Martynova, 1970:68 Tenticospmfer Tien, 1938:113 Tenuiatrypa Rzonsnitzkaja, 1975:91 Tenuichonetes Jing and Hu, 1978:109 Tenuicostella Mittmeyer and Geib, 1967:40 Tenuisinurostrum Sartenaer, 1967:2 Teratelasma Cooper, 1956c:823 Terebratalia Beecher, 1893:382 Terebrataliopsis Smirnova, 1962:98 Terebratella Orbigny, 1847:269 Terebratula Muller, 1776:249 Terebratulanus Dumeril, 1806 [nomen nudum] Terebratulier Dumeril, 1806 [vernacular; = Terebratulanus] Terebratulina Orbigny, 1847:268 Terebratulites Martini, 1769 [nomen nudum] Terebratuloidea Waagen, 1883:415 *Terebratulopsis Gregorio, 1930b:8 [= Rhynchonellina] Terebriroslra Orbigny, 1847:269 Terrakea Booker, 1931:66 Tesuquea Sutherland and Harlow, 1973:53 %Tethorotes Manankov, 1979:50 Tetracamera Weller, 1910:503 Tetractmella Bittner, 1890:300 (Tetragonetes ) Cooper and Grant, 1975:1246 [subgenus of Dyoros] Tetralobula Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:628 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Tetraodontella Jaanusson, 1962:1 Tetraphalerella Wang, 1949:29 Tetrarhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:41 Tetratomia Schmidt, 1941:13 Texanna Cooper and Grant, 1970:579 [new name for Texasia ] f Texasia Cooper and Grant, 1969 [replaced by Texanna} Texathyns Carter, 1972:730 *Thaerodonta Wang, 1949:19 [= Eoplectodonla ] Thamnosia Cooper and Grant, 1969:10 Thaumatosia Cooper, 1973a: 15 Thaumatrophia Wang, 1955:343 Thebesia Amsden, 1974:69 Thecedea. —Orbigny, 1847 [misspelling of Thecidea ] Thecidaea .—Keferstein, 1828 [misspelling of Thecidea] Thecidea Defrance, 1822, in Ferussac, 1822:xxxviii Thecidella Munier-Chalmas, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1331 *Thecidellella Hayasaka, 1938:10 [= Thecidellina] Thecidellma Thomson, 1915c:462 Thecideum. —Fischer de Waldheim, 1834 [misspelling of Thecidium\ Thecidiopsis Munier-Chalmas, 1887, in Fischer, 1887:1330 Thecidium. —Sowerby, 1823 [misspelling of Thecidea ] Thecocyrtella Bittner, 1892:15 [new name for Cyrlotheca ] Thecocyrtelloidea Yang and Xu, 1966:58 Thecospira Zugmayer, 1880:152 Thecospirella Bittner, 1900:46 Thecospiropsis Dagys, 1974:75 Thedusia Cooper and Grant, 1976b:2807 Theodossia Nalivkin, 1925:282 Thiemella Williams, 1908:60 Thliborhynchia Lenz, 1967:1188 Thomasana Stainbrook, 1945:57 Thomasella Fredericks, [1928]: 778 ^Thomasella Paul, 1942 [invalid new name for Thomasma Paeckelmann, 1931, Thomasella preoccupied; replaced by Argentiproduclus] \Thomasia Fredericks, [1928] [replacement by Thomasma Paeckelmann, 1931, invalid, Thomasma preoccupied; re¬ placement by Thomasella Paul, 1942, invalid, Thomasella preoccupied; replaced by Argentiproduclus ] Thomasma. — Bigot, 1927 [misspelling of Tomasma] f Thomasma Paeckelmann, 1931 [invalid new name for Tho- masia Fredericks, 1928, Thomasma preoccupied; replace¬ ment by Thomasella Paul, 1942, invalid, Thomasella preoccupied; replaced by Argentiproduclus ] f Thomsoma Jackson, 1916 [replaced by Cacala and Copto- thyris ] **Thomsonica Cossman, 1920 [invalid new name for Aetheia, Aelheia not preoccupied] Thuleproductus Sarytcheva and Waterhouse, 1972:67 Thurmannella Leidhold, 1921:357 Thysanotos Mickwitz, 1896:130 Tianzhushanella Liu, 1979:509 Tibetothyris Ching and Sun, 1976, in Ching et al., 1976. 327 Tichosina Cooper, 1977:62 Timalina Batrukova, 1969:70 Timaniella Barchatova, 1968, in Markowskii, 1968:162 Timanospinfer Ljaschenko, 1973:92 Timorhynchia Ager, 1964:58 Timorma Stehli, I961b:465 *Tmgella Grabau, 1931a:407 [= Rehculanopsis ] Tipispinfer Grant, 1976:213 Tiramma Grunt, I977a:64 ( Tisimama ) Flatai, 1938:97 [subgenus of Diestolhyns ] Tissmtia Havlicek, 1970b: 14 Titanambomles Cooper, 1956c:717 Titanaria Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:334 Titanomena Bergstrom, 1968:16 Tityrophoria Waterhouse, 1971, in Bamber and Water- house, 1971:214 Togaella Severgina, 1960, in Khalfm, 1960a:409 Tolmatchoffia Fredericks, 1933:29 Tomasma Hall and Clarke, 1892:65 Tomheganella Boucot, 1975 [nomen nudum] Tomilia Sarytcheva, 1963, in Sarytcheva et ah, 1963:220 ^Tomiopsis Benediktova, 1956 [preoccupied by Tomiopsis Cope, 1893, mammal] Tomiproductus Sarytcheva, 1963, in Sarytcheva et ah, 1963: 201 Tongzithyris Ching, Liao, and Fang, 1974:313 Toquimaella Johnson, 1967:876 Toquimia Ulrich and Cooper, I936b:626 Tornquistia Paeckelmann, 1930:218 [replacement by Pae- ckelmanma invalid, Tornquistia not preoccupied] Torquirhynchia Childs, 1969:95 Torynechus Cooper and Grant, 1962:1128 |new name for Uncinuloides] Torynelasma Cooper, 1956c:257 Torymfer Hall and Clarke, 1893, pi. 84 Toryniferella Weyer, 1967:435 Totia Rzonsnitzkaja and Mizens, 1977:92 Toxorthis Temple, 1968:20 Transennatia Waterhouse, 1975:10 Trasgu Martinez, 1979:251 Trautscholdia Ustritsky, 1967:37 Treiona Neuman and Bates, 1978:584 Trematis Sharpe, 1848:68 Trematobolos .—Easton, 1960 [misspelling of Trematobolus ] Trematobolus Matthew, 1893:276 Trematorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1938:112 Trematosia Cooper, 1976:276 Trematospira Hall, 1859a:207 Tremorthis. — Ulrich and Cooper, 1938 [printer’s error for Trematorthis] Trelorhynchia Brunton, 1971:98 Tnadispira Dagys, 1961 b: 45 7 NUMBER 42 41 Triadithyris Dagys, 1963:187 Triathyris Comte, 1938:45 Trichochoneles Roberts, 1976:22 Trichorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:58 Tnchothyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:125 Tricoria Cooper and Grant, 1976a: 1945 Tridensilis Su, 1976:193 Trifidarcula Elliott, 1959:147 TrifidoTostellum Sartenaer, 196la:5 *Trigeria Bayle, 1878, pi. 13 [= Retzia ] t Tngonella Quenstedt, 1868 [replaced by Neotngonella ] Tngonellina Buckman, 1907:342 Trigomrhynchella Dagys, 1963:41 [new name for Tngomrhyn- chia Dagys, 1961] Trigonirhynchia Cooper, 1942:228 [new name for Uncinulina] \Trigomrhynchia Dagys, 1961 [replaced by Tngomrhynchella\ Trigonithyris Muir-Wood, 1935:131 Tngonoglossa Dunbar and Condra, 1932:35 Trigonosemus Koenig, 1825:3 Tngonotreta Koenig, 1825:3 ( Trigonotrophia) Andreeva, 1972:54 [subgenus of Idiostro- phia ] Tngonma Rafinesque, 1819; 1831 [nomina nuda] Tngrammaria Wilson, 1945:140 Tnmerella Billings, 1862:166 [replacement by Gotlandia Dali, 1870, later withdrawn by Dali] Trimurellina Mitchell, 1977:74 *Tnplecella Wilson, 1932:400 [= Cyclospira ] Triplecia. —Oehlert, 1887; Hall and Clarke, 1892 [incorrect emendation of Tnplesia ] Tnplesia Hall, 1859b:44 Tnseptalia Makridin, 1954 [nomen nudum] Triseptata Bondarev, 1965, in Bondarev et al., 1965:34 Tnseptothyns X. u, 1978b:314 Tntoechia Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:625 Trochalocyrtina Wright, 1975:175 Trochifera Ching and Ye, 1979, in Ye and Yang, 1979:68 Trondorthis Neuman, 1974, in Neuman and Bruton, 1974: 77 Tropeolhyris Smirnova, 1972:69 Trophisina Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2078 Tropidelasma Cooper and Grant, 1969:3 Tropidogtossa Rowell, 1966:31 Tropidoleptus Hall, 1857:151 Tropidolhyns Cooper, 1956c:507 *Tropiorhynchia Buckman, 1914 [nomen nudum]; 1917:33 [= Piarorhynchia ] Trotlandella Neuman, 1974, in Neuman and Bruton, 1974: 95 Trucizetina Havlicek, 1974:169 Truncalosia Imbrie, 1959:401 Trunculites Rafinesque, 1831 [nomen nudum] Tschatkalia Nikiforova, 1964:85 Tschernyschewia Stoyanow, 1910:855 \Tschernyschewnella Fredericks, 1924 [replaced by Kochipro- ducius ] Tubana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:236 Tubegatanella Prosorovskaja, 1968:244 Tubersulculus Waterhouse, 1971, in Bamber and Water- house, 1971:208 Tubithyns Buckman, 1915 [nomen nudum]; 1917:115 Tubulostrophia Havlicek, 1967a: 139 Tudiaophomena Xian, 1978a:266 Tufoleptina Havlicek, 1961b:447 Tulathyris Grunt, 1976:78 Tulcumbella Campbell and Engel, 1963:68 Tulipina Smirnova, 1962:102 Tulungospinfer Ching and Sun, 1976, in Ching et ah, 1976: 316 Tumarima Solomina and Grigorjewa, 1973, in Grigorjewa and Solomina, 1973:35 \Tunaria Hoek, 1912 [replaced by Tunarites ] *Tunantes Cooper and Muir-Wood, 1951:196 [new name for Tunaria\ = Bistramia] (Tungussotoechia ) Lopushinskaja, 1976:60 [subgenus of Stegerhynchus] Tumsiglossa Massa, Havlicek, and Bonnefous, 1977:13 Turkmemthyns Prosorovskaja, 1962:109 Turnculum Gregorio, 1930a:26 Tuvaella Tschernyschew, 1937:11 Twenhofelia Boucot and Smith, 1978:272 Tyersella Philip, 1962:197 Tyloplecta Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:291 Tylospinferma Xu, 1978b:297 Tylothyris North, 1920:197 **Tylotoma Grabau, 1934 [= Spiriferellina ] Tyrgamella Kulkov, 1970, in Alekseeva et ah, 1970:167 Tyronella Mitchell, 1977:64 *Tyrothyris Opik, 1953:15 [= Meifodia\ \Tytholhryis Zezina, 1979:224 Uchtella Ljaschenko, 1973:50 *Uchtospinfer Ljaschenko, 1957:885 [= Cyrtiopsis ] Ujandinetla Baranov, 1977:75 Ukoa Opik, 1932:33 Ulbospinfer Gretchischnikova, 1965:33 Uldzialhyris Grunt, 1977b:82 Umboanctus Waterhouse, 1971, in Bamber and Waterhouse, 1971:212 Uncinella Waagen, 1883:494 t Uncinulina Bayle, 1878 [replaced by Tngonirhynchia Cooper, 1942] t Unanuloides King, 1931 [replaced by Torynechus] Uncinulus Bayle, 1878, pi. 11 Uncinunelhna Grabau, 1932:100 Uncisteges Jing and Hu, 1978:117 Uncites Defrance, 1825, in Blainville, 1825:630 Undana Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:318 42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY ( Undatrypa) Copper, 1978:302 [subgenus of Punctatrypa ] Undellana Cooper and Grant, 1975:1158 Undifenna Cooper, 1956c: 262 Undispinfer Havhcek, 195 7b:439 Undispinferoides Xian, 1978a:330 Undithyrella Havlicek, 1971c: 78 Undulella Cooper and Grant, 1969:5 *Ungula Pander, 1830:59 [= Obolus] Ungulites .—Bronn, 1848 [misspelling of Ungula) Unispinfer Campbell, 1957:67 Uralella Makridin, 1960, in Licharew et al., 1960:295 t Uralia Licharew, 1925 [replaced by Uralina ] *Uralina Schuchert and LeVene, 1929:122 [new name for Uraha\ = Eolytloma\ XUraloproductus Lfstritsky, 1971:21 Uralorhynchia Dagys, 1968:54 Uralospira Mizens, 1977a:82 Uralospinfer Havhcek, 1959a:246 Uraloloechia Sapelnikov, 1963:17 Urbamrhynchia Katz, 1974:252 Urbimena Havlicek, 1976:367 Urella Rzonsnitzkaja, 1960, in Markowskii, 1960:403 **Urticites Defrance, 1828 [= Hysteroliles ] Urushtema Licharew, 1935:370 Urushlenoidea Jing and Hu, 1978:116 Ushkolia Martynova and Sverbilova, 1969:96 **Ussovia Khalfin, 1955 [= Wilsomella] Ussuncamara Koczyrkevicz, 1969:11 Ussunrhynchia Koczyrkevicz, 1976a:80 Vaga Sapelnikov and Rukavischnikova, 1973:33 ( Vagranella) Sapelnikov, 1960b: 116 [subgenus of Subnana] Vagrania Alekseeva, 1959:389 Valcourea Raymond, 1911:240 Valdana Bassett and Cocks, 1974:18 Valdiviathyris Helmcke, 1940:237 Vallomyonia Johnson, 1966a: 158 Vandercammenina Boucot, 1975:363 * Vandergrachtella Crickmay, 1953a:7 [= Theodossia ] Vandobiella Pojariskaja, 1966:22 Vamella Kvakhadze, 1974:493 ( Vanalrypa) Copper, 1966b: 12 (subgenus of Desquarnatia] Vectella Owen, 1965:51 Vediproductus Sarytcheva, 1965, in Ruzhentsev and Saryt- cheva, 1965:219 Veghirhynchia Dagys, 1974:84 Velciella Havlicek and Snajdr, 1952 [nomen nudum] Veliseptum Popov, 1976, in Nazarov and Popov, 1976:38 Vellamo Opik, 1930:212 Veloslrophia Havlicek, 1965b:7 Venezuelia Weisbord, 1926:22 Verchojama Abramov, 1970:112 *Verkholnmia Sokolskaja, 1963, in Sarytcheva et al., 1963: 280 [= Pseudosyrinx] Vermiculolhecidea Elliott, 1953:694 Verneuiha Hall and Clarke, 1893:57 Vex Hoover, 1979:9 Viallilhyns Voros, 1978:62 Viarhynchia Calzada Badia 1974b: 170 Vxclorilhyns Allan, 1940:289 Vihgella Dagys, 1965:116 Vihgothyns Dagys, 1968:89 Villicundella Levy and Nullo, 1974a: 178 *(Vincia) Gregorio, 1930a:31 [subgenus of Lyttoma; = Lep- todus] Virbium Gregorio, 1930a:25 Virgiana Twenhofel, 1914:27 Vugianella Nikiforova and Sapelnikov, 1971:49 Virgimala Amsden, 1968:56 Virgona Neuman, 1977:23 ( Viruella) Roomusoks, 1959:14 [subgenus of Sowerbyella] Visbyella Walmsley, Boucot, Harper, and Savage, 1968: 306 Viti/iproductus Ching and Liao, 1974:278 f Vituhna Hall, 1860 [nomen nudum]; 1867 [replacement by Pustulina invalid, Pustuhna preoccupied, replaced by Pus- tulalia\ * Vltavothyns Havlicek, 1956:621 [= Meganlens} Voiseyella Roberts, 1964:187 Volborlhia Moller, 1870:409 Vohrhynchia Dagys, 1974:104 Vosmiverstum Breivel and Breivel, 1970a:54 Waagema Hall, 1889 [nomen nudum; = Polyloechia ] 1 Vaagerutes Paeckelmann, 1930:223 XVaagenoconcha Chao, 1927:85 * Waagenopora Noetling, 1902 [invalid new name for Oldham- ina ] Waconella Owen, 1970:74 Waipana Thomson, 1920:380 Wairakiella Waterhouse, 1967a:87 XVaisiuthyrma Beets, 1943:342 Walcottina Cobbold, 1921:336 f Waldheimia King, 1850 [replaced by Magellama ] ** Waldheimiathyns Helmcke, 1939 [invalid new name for Macandrevia, Macandrevia not preoccupied] Walkena Haas, 1890 [nomen nudum] Walkerithyris Cox and Middlemiss, 1978:424 Waltoma Davidson, 1850a:475 Wardakia Termier, Termier, Lapparent, and Marin, 1974: 94 Warrenella Crickmay, 1953b: 596 Warsauna Carter, 1974:684 Wattomthyris Muir-Wood, 1936a:91 * Wattsella Bancroft, 1928b:55 [= Dalmane/ta ] Weberithyris Smirnova, 1969b: 144 XVemingia Ching and Liao, 1974:282 Weldomlhyris Muir-Wood, 1952:130 Wellerella Dunbar and Condra, 1932:287 *Wellena Maillieux, 1931 [invalid new name for Dellhyris in sensu Weller, 1914 (not Dellhyris Dalman, 1828), Wellena preoccupied and nomen nudum; = Tylolhyns] XWellena Rotai, 1938 [nomen nudum]; 1941 [replaced by Rotaia ] NUMBER 42 43 Werneck.eella Lenz, 1971:844 * Wernea Campbell, 1957:44 [= Orlhotetes] Westoma Walcott, 1901:683 Westralicrama Cockbain, 1967:119 Whidbornella Reed, 1943:71 Whitfieldella Hall and Clarke, 1893:58 * Whilfieldia Davidson, 1882:107 [= Meristina] Whitspakia Stehli, 1964:610 [new name for Pakistama ] Whittardia Williams, 1974:62 Wilberrya Yancey, 1978:301 t Wilsonella Nikiforova, 1937 [invalid new name for Wilsonia, Wilsonella preoccupied; replaced by Sphaerirhynchia ] t Wilsonia Kayser, 1871 [replacement by Wilsonella invalid, Wilsonella preoccupied; replaced by Sphaerirhynchia} Wilsoniella Khalfin, 1939:83 Wunanella Walcott, 1908:99 * WinterJ'eldia Spriestersbach, 1942:198 [= Uncites ] Wittenburgella Dagys, 1959a: 30 Worobievella Dagys, 1959a: 33 f Worthenella Girty, 1938 [replaced by Labriproductus ] Wyalkina Fredericks, 1931:211 Wyella Khodalevich, 1939:21 Wyndhamia Booker, 1930:25 Wynnia Walcott, 1908 [nomen nudum]; 1912:771 Wysogorskie/la Hints, 1975:61 X , Pajaud, 1966 [un-named; = Konstanlia ] Xana Garcia-Alcalde, 1972a:5 Xenamboniles Cooper, 1956c:814 Xenelasma Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:631 Xenelasmella Rozman, 1964, in Chugaeva et al., 1964:137 Xenelasmopsis Rozman, 1969 (nomen nudum] Xenizostrophia Su, 1976:181 Xenomartinia Havlicek, 1953:6 Xenorthis Ulrich and Cooper, 1936b:620 Xenosana Cooper and Grant, 1976a:2171 Xenospirifer Hou and Xian, 1975:69 Xenosteges Muir-Wood and Cooper, 1960:111 Xenostrophia Wang, 1974, in Wang et al., 1974:38 Xenothyns Ching, Rong, and Sun, 1976, in Ching et al., 1976:337 Xerospinfer Havlicek, 1978:103 Xerxespinfer Cocks, 1979b:40 Xestosia Cooper and Grant, 1975:1063 Xestolrema Cooper and Grant, 1969:16 Xiangzhouniyi Ni and Yang, 1977:464 Xmanorthis Xu, Rong, and Liu, 1974:145 Xinanospinfer Rong, Xu, and Yang, 1974:206 Xmshaoella Zhao, 1977:391 Xizangostrophia Rong, 1976, in Liu, 1976:150 Xystostrophia Havlicek, 1965a:292 Yabeithyns Hatai, 1948:498 Yagoma Roberts, 1976, in Roberts et al., 1976:210 Yakovlevia Fredericks, 1925:7 Yakulijaella Baranov, 1977:77 Yanbianella Tong, 1978:239 Yangkongia Xu and Liu, 1979 |nomen nudum] Yangtzeella Kolarova, 1925:219 Yanguama Yang, 1977:346; 1978a: 107; 1978b:249 Yamshewskiella Licharew, 1957:138 Yanospua Dagys, 1977a: 11 Yanrhynchia Ching and Sun, 1979 [nomen nudum] * Yatsengina Semichatova, 1936:216 [= Chonslites] * Yavorskiella Lazutkin, 1940 [nomen nudum; = Lazutkima ] Yeosinella Reed, 1933:193 * Ygem Havlicek, 1961b:449 [= Plectodontella ] Ygerodiscus Havlicek, 1967a:62 Yidunella Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:148 Yingtangella Bai and Ying, 1977 [nomen nudum]; 1978 in Yoh and Bai, 1978:54 Yingwuspinfer Rong, Xu, and Yang, 1974:201 Yochelsonia Stehli, 1961a:454 Yorkia Walcott, 1897:714 Ypsilorhynchus Sartenaer, 1970:9 * Yrctospinfer Gat inaud, 1949:488 [= Cyrtospinfer ] Yuezhuella Ching and Ye, 1979, in Ye and Yang, 1979:69 Yunnanella Grabau, 1923:195 t Yunnanella Grabau, 1931 [replaced by Nayunnella ] ** Yunnanelhna Grabau, 1931 [= Yunnanella Grabau, 1923] Zaissama Sokolskaja, 1968, in Sarytcheva, 1968:197 Zanclorhyncha Xu, 1979b:96 Zdimir Barrande, 1881:171 Zdimirella Tcherkesova, 1973:32 Zeillena Bayle, 1878, pi. 9 Zeillenna Kyansep, 1959:119 Zejsznena Siemiradzki, 1922:172 Zellama Moore, 1855:111 Zeravshanotoechia Rzonsnitzkaja, 1977:127 Zeuschneria Smirnova, 1975a: 137 Zhidothyns Ching, Sun, and Ye, 1979:216 Zhonghuacoelia Chen, 1978:361 Zia Sutherland and Harlow, 1973:59 Ziganella Nalivkin, 1960, in Ivanova, 1960:280 *Zigama Nalivkin, 1937 [nomen nudum; = Dzieduszyckia\ Zilimia Nalivkin, 1937 [nomen nudum]; 1947:98 Zittelina Rollier, 1919:368 Zlichopyramis Havlicek, 1975:233 Zlichorhynchus Havlicek, 1963a:403 Zonantes Rafinesque, 1831? [incertae sedis] Zophostrophia Veevers, 1959:63 Zugmayerella Dagys, 1963:99 Zugmayeria Waagen, 1882:334 [originally spelled Zugmeyena by Waagen, corrected to Zugmayeria) Zygatrypa Copper, 1977:307 Zygospira Hall, 1862:155 Zygospuaella Nikiforova, 1961, in Nikiforova and An¬ dreeva, 1961:237 Computerized List of Valid Genera and Subgenera (Including subjective synonyms) Genus/Subgenus Author Date Superfamilv Author Date A b r e k i a D a qy s 1974 Rhynehoneltacea Gray 1848 Abyssothyris Thomson 1927 Terebratutacea Gray 1840 Acambona White 1868 Retziacea Uaaqen 1883 Acantham bonia Cooper 1956 Lingulacea Menke 1828 Acanthatia Mu i r-W oodR C o o pe r 1960 Product acea Gray 1840 Acanthocosta Roberts 1971 Productacea Gray 1840 Acanthocrania Williams 1943 Craniacea Menke 1828 Acan thopl e ct a *lui r-Uood8Coope r I960 Productacea Gray 1840 A canthoproduetus Martynova 19 70 Productacea Gray 1840 Acanthorhynchia Buckman 1917 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Acanthorthis Neuman 1977 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Acanthospi r i fer Menakova 1964 Spiriferacea King 1846 Acanthospirina Schucher tSL eVene 1929 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 Acanthothiris Orbigny 1850 Rhynchonet lacea Gray 184 8 Acanthothyropsis Kamyschan 1973 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Acculina Misius 1977 Plectambon i tacea Jones 192 8 Ac i dotocarena Liu 1979 Uncertain Acolosia CooperRGrant 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Acosarina CooperRGrant 1969 Enteletacea Waagen 1384 Acritosia CooperRGrant 1969 Strophalosiacea Sc hue her t 1913 Acrosaccus Willard 1928 Discinacea Gray 1840 Type-Species Author Date Range Abrekia sulcata Dagys 1974 T r i a ss i c Terebratu la uyviltei Davidson 1878 Tert iary-Recent Acambona prima White 1862 Mi ssiss ippian Acanthambonia minutissima Cooper 1956 Ordovician Heteralosia nupera Stainbrook 1947 D e v o ni an Acanthocosta te icherti Roberts 1971 Miss iss ippian Crania spiculata Rowley 1908 0 r dovician-Permian Producta mesoloba Phillips 1836 Mississ ippian Acanthoproductus bogdanovi Martynova 1970 Devonian Acan t hot h yris panacant hina BuckmanRWalker J u r a ss i c Acanthorthis terreneuvensis Neuman 1977 Ordovician Acan thosp iri fer edelschteini Plenakova 1964 Si lu ria n Spirifera aciculifera Rowley 1893 Mississippian Anomia spinosa Linne 1788 Jurassic Rhynch onelta crossi Walker 1869 Jurassic Acculina acculina Misius 1977 Ordovician A c i d o t oc a r en a oxyria Liu 1979 Cambrian Acolosia qlabra CooperRGrant 1976 Permian Acosarina dorsisulcata CooperRGrant 1969 Permian Acritosia magna CooperRGrant 1969 Permian Acrosaccus shuleri Willard 1928 Ordovic ian-Si lurian 1889 44 NUMBER 42 45 Acrospirif er Helmbrecht&Wedekind 1 923 Spirifer priuaevus Steiniger 1853 Spiriferacea King 1846 Devonian Acrothele Linnarsson 1876 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Acrothele coriacea Linnarsson 1876 C a mb r i an Acrothyra Matthew 1901 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Acrotreta proavia Matthew 1899 Cambrian Acrothyris Hou 1963 Strinqocephalacea Kinq 1850 Acrothyris kwanqsiensis Hou 1963 Devonian Acrotret a Kutorqa 1848 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Acrotreta subconica KutPrga 1848 Camb rian-Ordovician Acrotret ella Ireland 1061 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Acrotretella siluriana Ireland 1961 Silurian Actinocorchus M cCoy 1844 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Spirifera Dlanosulcata Phillips 1836 Carboniferous Actinomena Opik 1930 S trophomenacea Kinq 1846 Strophomena orta Opik 1930 Ordovic ian Acuminothyris Roberts 1963 Spiriferacea King 1846 Acuminothyris triangularis Roberts 1963 Mississ ippian Acutatheca Stainbrook 1945 Spiriferacea King 1846 Acutatheca propria Stainbrook 1945 Devoni a n Acutella Ljascbenko 1o 7 3 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Uchtospir i fer angulosus Ljaschenko 195 9 h e v o ni a n A c u t i l i n e o l us Amsden 1978 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Eospirifer acuto l ineatus Amsden 1968 Si lurian Adiaphragma Xian 1978 Plectambonitacea Jones 192 8 Adiaphragma ganxiensis Jan 1978 Devonian Adminiculoria Waterhouse8Gupta 1978 Ddthyridacea Phillips 184 1 Spirifer middlemissi Diener 1915 Mississ ippian Admixtella Roznan 1978 C l itambon i tacea Winche 11 &Schuehert 1893 Admixtella orientalis Rozman 1978 Ordovic ian Adolfia Gurich 1909 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer deflexus Roeier 1843 De vonia n Adolfispir i fer Krylova 1962 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Spirifer jeremejeui Tschernyscheu 1887 Devonian Adrenia Chatterton 1973 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Adrenia expansa Chatterton 1973 Devoni an Adriana Greqorio 1930 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Adriana osiensis Gregorio 1930 P e r m i a n Adygella Dagys 1959 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Adygella cubanica Dagys 1959 I ria ss i c Adygelloides Dagys 1959 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Adygelloides labensis Dagys 1959 T r i a ss i c Aegiria Opik 1933 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Aegiria norvegica Opik 1933 Si lurian Aegiromena Havlicek 1961 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Leptaena aquila Barrande 1848 Ordovician Aegironetes Havlicek 1967 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Strophomena tristis Barrande 1879 Ordovic ian Aemula Steinich 1968 Terebrat ellacea King 1850 Aemula inusitata Steinich 1968 Cretaceous 46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY A en i gm as t r i c k l a nd i a Ziegler 1966 Pentameracea McCoy 1344 Aenigmastrophia Boucot 1971 Strophonenacea king 1346 Aenigmathyris Cooper 1971 Terebratulacea Gray 1340 Aequspiriferina Y a ng 8Yin 196? S p i r i f e r i n a c e a I'auidson 1384 Aenigmastricklandia contorta Ziegler 1966 Si lurian flenigmas t rophia cooperi Boucot 1971 Si l uri a n Ae n i g m a t h yr i s stearnsi Cooper 1971 T e r t i a r y Aequspiri ferina Yn u l t i p l i c a t a Yang&Yin 1962 Triassic Aerothyris Allan 1989 . a c ea king 185 0 Magellan!a macquariensis Thomson 1918 Recent Aesopomum Havlicek 1965 Orthotetacea Waagen 1884 Strophomena aesopea Barrande 1879 D e v o ni an Aetheia Thomson 1915 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Afqhanospirifer Plodowski 1968 Spiriferacea King 1846 Afilasma Stehli 1961 Oielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Waldheimia sinuata Hutton 1823 Tertiary-Recent Afghanospirifer burqut sc hensis Plodowski 1968 Permian Afilasma beecheri StehLi 1961 heuonian Agastapleura Xu 1978 Uncertain Agastapleura aenina Xu 1978 Ordovician Agelesia CooperSGrant 1969 Aulostegacea Muir-Wood8Cooper I960 Agerinella Pa jaudSPa t ml in s 1965 Thecideacea Gray 1840 Agramatia Sokolskaja 1948 Product a cea Gray 1840 Agulhasia King 1871 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Ahtiella Opik 1932 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Airtonia Cope 1934 Chonetacea Bronn 186? Aktassia Popov 1976 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Ala Nalivkin 1979 Spiriferacea king 1846 Alaskospira KirkSAmsden 1952 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Alatiformia Struve 1963 Spiriferacea King 1846 Alatoproductus ChingSZhu 1978 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Aldanispirifer Alekseeva 1967 Spiriferacea King 1846 Aldanotreta Pelman 1977 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Aulosteges triagonalis king 1931 Permian Aqerinella lyrata Pa)audSPatrulius 1965 J ura ssic Productus agramati Nalivkin 1934 hpvonian Agulhasia davidsonii King 1871 Recent Ahtiella lirata Opik 1932 Ordovician Airtonia hudsoni Cope 1934 Mississippian Aktassia triangularis Popov 1976 Ordovic ian Ala tau Nalivkin 1979 Mississippian Alaskospira dunbari KirkSAmsden 1952 Si lu ria n Spirifer alatiformis Orevermann 1907 h e v oni a n Alatop roductus trunctus ChingSZhu 1978 Permian Aldanisoirifer helenae Alekseeva 1967 Devonian Aldanotreta sunnaginensis Pelman 1977 Cambrian Aldingia Thomson 1916 Terebrat el laces King 1850 TerebrateIts furculifera Tate 1880 Tertiary-Recent NUMBER 42 47 Alexenia Ivanova 1935 Product acea Aray 184'] Alichovia Gorjansky 1969 Siphonotretacea Kutorga 1848 Aliconchidium St.Joseph 1942 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Alimbella Andreeva 1969 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Alipunctif e r a Waterhouse 1975 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 A l is i na Ro wel l 196? Obolellaeea Walcott8Schuchert 1°08 Alispira Nikiforova 1961 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Alispirifer Campbell 1961 Spiriferacea King 1846 Alitaria C oo per RM u i r- Woo d 1967 Product acea Gray 1R40 Allanella Crickmay 1953 Spiriferacea rinq 1846 Allanetes PoucotUohnson 1967 Chonetacea Pronn 186? Alexenia reticulata Ivanova 1935 Pennsylvanian Alichovia ramis pinosa Go rj ansky 1969 Ordovician Aliconchidium yassi St.Joseph 1942 Si l u ria n Alimbella armata Andreeva I960 Or dovic i an Spiriferina kaihikuana Trechmann 1918 Triassic Obolella atlantica Walcott 1890 Cambrian Zygospira gracilis Nikiforova 1961 Si lurian Alispirifer laminosus Campbell 1961 p ennsylvanian Productus expansus Koninck 1842 dis sissippian Spirifer allani Warren 1944 Devonian Allanetes neozelanica Ro uc o t £ J oh ns on 196 7 De vonian A l l orhyncho i des Savaqe et al 1978 R h y n c ho n e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Allorhync hus Weller 1910 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 A l merarhynchia Calzada 1974 Rhynchonellacpa Gray 1848 Alphachoristites Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea king 1846 Alphacyrtiopsis Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea King 1846 Alphaneospirife r Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea King 1846 Al taestrophia Bublichenko 1956 Strophomenacea King 1846 A 1 1 aethyrella Severgina 1978 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Altajella Kulkov 196? Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Altiplecus Stehli 1954 Sp i r i fer i nacea Davidson 1884 Altorthis Andreeva 1960 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Allorhynchoides kirki Savaqe et al 1978 Devonian Rhynchonella heteropsis Winchell 1865 Mississippian-Permian Almerarhynchia virgiliana Calzada 1974 C r et ac eous Choristites bisu l catlfor mi s Se mi chat oua 194 1 Mississippian-Permian Cyrtiopsis mure hi soniana Grabau 1931 D e vo ni an Spirifer mahaensis Huang 1933 3 ennsylvanian-Pfrmian Leptodontella acuta Khalfin 1948 neuonian A 11aethyrella meg ala Severgina 1978 Ordovician Altajella contorta Kulkov 1962 De vonian Altiplecus cooperi Stehli 1954 Permian Altorthis kinderlensis Andreeva I960 Ordovic ian Alwynetla Spjeldnaes 1957 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Alwynella osloensis Spjeldnaes 1957 Ordovician Alwynia Stehli 1961 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Dielasma vesiculare Koninck 1887 Mississippian 48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Ambikella Sahn i SSrivastava 1956 Seticu lari ace a Waagen 18 83 Ambikella fructiformis SahniSSrivastava p e ririan Ambocoelia Hall I860 Cyrt iacea frelericks 1924 Orthis umbonata Conrad 1842 Devonian-Miss i s s i p p i a n Amboglossa WangSZhu 1970 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Ambothyris transversa Wang et al 1974 Devoni an A mbonorthe l la lassett 1972 Enteletacea Waagen 1R84 A mbonorthella hancocki Bassett 1972 Si l u ria n Ambothyris George 1931 Cyrt iacea Fredericks 1924 Spirifer infimu s Whidoorne 1893 n e u o ni an Amesopleura Carter 1967 Spiriferacea king 1846 Spirifera novamexicana filler 1881 Mi ssissippian Ametoria C oopertGrant 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Ametoria residua CooperSGrant 1975 Permian Amissopecten Havlicek I960 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Terebratula velox Barrande 184 7 Devonian Amoenospirifer Havlicek 1957 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer thetidis Barrande 1848 Devonian Amosina Boiicot 1975 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Chonetes fuertensis Kays er 1897 Si lurian-Devonian Amphiclina Laube 1865 Koninckinacea Davidson 1853 Producta dubia Munster 1841 T r i a ss i c Amphiclino donta Bittner 18 88 Koninckinacea Davidson 1853 Amphiclinodonta liasina Bittner 1888 Triassi c - J ura ssic Amphigenia Hall 1867 Stringocephalacea kj n g 185C Pentamerus elonqatus 1 /anuxem 1843 D e v o ni an Amphipella CooperSGrant 1969 RhynchonelIacea Gray 1848 Amphipella arcaria CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Amphistrophia HallSClarke 1892 Strophomenacea King 1846 Strophomena striata Halt 1843 Si l uria n Amphistrophielta HarperJBoucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Amphithyris Thomson 1918 lerebratellacea King 1850 Amphitoraella Bittner 1890 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Amsdenella Tillman 1967 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 184 8 Amsdenina Roucot 1975 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Aisdenostrophiella HaroeriBoucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Aaurothyris Koczyrkevicz 1976 hielasnatacea Schuchert 1913 Amygdalocosta Waterhouse 1967 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Anabaia Clarke 1893 Dayiacea Waagen 1883 Orthis funiculata McCoy 1846 Si lu ria n Amphithyris buckmani Thomson 1918 Recent Terebratula hemisphaeroidica Klipstein 1 T r i a ss i c Rhynchone lla abrupta Hall 1857 De vonian Sieberella roemeri Hatl&Clarke 1892 Si lurian Strophonella prolongata Foerste 1903 Si lurian Amurothyris costulata Koczyrkevicz 1976 P e r m i a n A mygdalocosta rara Waterhouse 1967 Permian Anabaia paraia Clarke 1893 Silurian 1 956 843 NUMBER 42 49 Anabaria Lopush inskaja 1965 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Anabolotreta Rowe lUHender son 197* Acrotret acea Schuchert 1893 Anadyrelta Daays 1974 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Anarhynchia Aqer 1964 R hy nc hone l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Anastrophia Hall 1867 Porambon i tacea Davidson 1853 Ana thy re l l a Khalfin 1960 Athyridacea *'cCoy 1844 Anathyris Pee tz 1901 Athyridacea McCoy 1P 4 4 Anatrypa Nalivkin 1941 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Anatyga Davidson 1882 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Anchigonites Ooik 1939 Gonambonitacea SchuchertSCooper 1931 A nc i l l o t o e c h i a Ha v l i c ek 19 59 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Ancistrocrania Pall 1877 Craniacea M enke 1828 Ancistrorhyncha Ulrich8 Coo per 1942 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Ancorhynchia ChingRYe 1979 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Ancylostrophia Harper et al 1967 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Andobolus Kozlowski 1930 Lingulacea M enke 1828 Aneboconcha Cooper 1973 Terebr at ellacea Kina 18 50 Anechoph ragrna Neuman 1977 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Anemonaria Cooper 8Grant 19 69 Product acea Gray 1840 Aneuthelasma CooperRGrant 1976 Dielasnatacea Schuchert 1913 Angarella Asatkin 1932 Craniacea Menke 1828 Catazyga rara Nikiforova 1961 Si lurian Anabolotreta tequla Rowe llRHende rson 1978 Cambrian Anadyrella infrequens Dagys 1974 T r i a ss i c Anarhynchia qabbi Ager 1964 Jurassic Pentairerus verneuili Hall 1857 Silurian-Devonian Anathyris ussovi Khalfin 1933 D e v o ni an Spirifera phalaena Phillips 1841 D e vo nian Orthis mi cans Buch 1840 D e v o ni a n A trypa recurvirostris Hall 1847 Ordovic ian Anchigonites conulus Opik 1939 Ordovician Riynch onella ancillans darrande 1879 Si lurian Crania parisiensis Defranee 1819 Cretaceous'. Recent Ancistrorhyncha costata UlrichSCooper 1942 Ordovician Ancorhynchia madoensis ChingSYe 1979 Permian Ancytostrophia kondelensis Harper et al 1967 D e v o ni a n Andobolus jackouskii Kozlowski 1930 Ordovic ian Aneboconcha obscura Cooper 1973 Recent An e c h o ph r a gm a rarum Neuman 1977 Ordovician Anemonaria inf lata CooperRGrant 1969 P e r m i a n Aneuthelasma amygdalinum CooperSGrant 1976 Permian Anqarella jauorowskii Asatkin 1932 Ordovician Angulotreta Palmer 1954 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Angusticardinia SchuchertSCooper 1931 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Angustothyr i s Dagys 1972 T e re b r a t e 11 a c ea King 1850 Angulotreta triangularis Palmer 1954 Cambrian Porambonites recta Pander 1830 0 rdovic i an Waldheimia angustaeformis Bockh 1872 T r i a ssi c 50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Anidan thus Hill 1°50 Product acea Gray 18 4 0 Anisactinella Bittner 189Q A thyrida cea M cCoy 18 4 4 Anisop leurella Cooper 1956 PlfCtanbonitacea Jones 19?8 A non actinella Bittner 1890 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Anomalesia CoooertGrant 1976 Cryptonel l acea Thomson 1976 Anomaloqlossa Percival 197 8 linqulacea M eoke 1828 Anomaloria C o o p <* r 8 G r an t 19 69 Ret i cutariacea Waagen 18 8 6 Anomalorthis UlrichRCooppr 1936 Gon a m bo n i t a c e a Schuchert8Cooper 1931 Anoplia HallSclarke 1892 Chonetacea Hronn 1862 AnopliOD5is Girty 1938 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Anoplotheca Sandberqer 1855 Dayiacea Uaao»n 1883 Anoptambonites Williams 1962 P l e c t a m b on i t a c e a Jones 1928 Ansehia T e r m i er 8 T er m i er 19 73 Stropha l osiacea Schucher t 1913 Antelocoelia Isaacson 1977 Oayiacea Waaqen 1888 Anteridocus CooperSGrant 1976 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 1848 Anthracospirifer Lane 1963 Spirifer acea King 18 46 Ant i galeat el l o Saoelmkov et al 1975 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Antigonambonites Opik 1934 Gonambon i tacea SchuchertSCooper 1931 Antigoniarcu l a Flliott 195 9 Terebrate l l acea King 1850 Antinomia Catullo 1851 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Antiptychina 7ittel 1880 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Antiquatonia Miloradovich 1945 Productacea Gray 1840 Antirh ync hone I la Oehlert 1887 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Antisoirif er Williams 1916 Spirifer acea King 1846 Linoproductus springsurensis Booker 1932 D ennsy l vanian-Pe rmian Terehratula auadriplecta Munster 1841 Triassic Anisop leu rel l a tr i costellata Cooper 1956 Ordovic ian Terebratu la flexuosa Munster 1341 Triassic Anomalesia perplexa CooperSGrant 1976 Permian Anomaloqlossa porca Percival 1978 Ordovic ian Anomalorig anomala CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Anomalorthis ut ahensis UlrichSCooper 1936 Ordovician Leptaena nucleata Hall 1857 Devoni an Chonetioa suhca rinat a Girty 1926 Mi ssiss ippian Terehratula venusta Sc hour 1853 De v oni an Leptaena grayae Davidson 1883 Ordovician Ansehia thecideiformis TermierSTermier 1973 Permian Antelocoelia johnsoni Isaacson 1977 Devonian Anteridocus gonqylus CooperSGrant 1976 P ermian Anthracospirifer hirdspringens i s Lane 1963 Pennsylvanian Antigaleatella laevis Sapelnikov et al 1975 Ordovic ian Gonambonites plana Pander 1 83(3 Ordovic ian Argiope perrieri Deslongchamps 1853 Jurassic Antinomia dilatata Catullo 1851 Jurassic-Cretaceous Terehratula hivallata Deslonqchamps 1859 Jurassic Productus antiquatus Sowerby 1821 Mi ssissippianSPermian Atrypa linguifera Sowerby 1839 Si l u ria n Antispiri fer harroldi Williams 1916 De vonia n NUMBER 42 51 Antistrix Johnson 197? Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Antistrix invicta Johnson 1972 Devonian Ant ronar i a CooDerU.rant 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Antronaria spec iosa CooperSGrant 1976 Permian Apatomorpha Cooper 1956 Plectanbonitacea Jones 1928 Rafinesquina pulchella Raymond 1928 Ordovic ian Apatorthis Opik 1938 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Apatorthis punctata Opik 1933 Ordovic ian Aperispirifer Waterhouse 1968 Spiriferacea uir-WoodSCooper 1967 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Costellaria cos tel lata Muir-Wood 8Cooper I960 Permian Costellirostra Cooper 1942 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Atrypa peculiaris Conrad 1841 Devonian C o s t e l l i s p i r i f e r Boucot 1973 Delthyridacea Phillips 184 1 Spirifer perimele Clarke 1907 Devonian Costiferina Muir-Wood8Cooper I960 Productacea Gray 1843 Productus indicus Waagen 1884 Permian Costinorella Daqys 1974 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Costinorella zharnikovae Dagys 1974 T r i a ss i c Cost i rhynchia Buckman 1917 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Cost i rhynchia costigera Buckman 1917 J ura ss i c CostirhynchopsiS Paqys 1977 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Costirhynchia spatiosa Daqys 1974 T r i a ss i c Costisorthis Havlicek 1974 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Orthis occlusa Barrande 1848 Dev onia n Costispinifera r-WoodJC ooper I960 Productacea Gray 1840 Costispinifera texana Pjir-WoodiCooper 1960 P e rm i a n Costispirifer Cooper 1942 Spir iferacea Xinq 1846 Spirifer arenosus Swartz 1929 Devonian Costispiriferina Dagys 1974 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 Spiriferina sha l shalensis Bittner 18 99 T r i a ss i c Costistricktand i a Amsden 1953 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Stricklandia gaspeensis Billings 1859 Si lu r i a n Cost is trophonella Harper8Soucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Strophomena punctulifera Conrad 1838 De vonia n Costoconcha Ching/SunSTe 1979 D i e l a s in a t a c e a Schuchert 1913 Costoconcha zigaensis Ching/SunSVe 1979 T r i a ss i c Craigella Reed 1935 Triplesiacea Schuchert 1913 Triplesia grayiae Davidson 1869 Ordovician NUMBER 42 71 Cranaena Hall*Clarke 1893 Dielasmatacea Schychert 1913 Cranaene l la FentonftFenton 1924 Mel asmat acea Schuchert 1913 Crania R e t z i u s 1781 Craniacea fenke 1828 Craniops Hall 1889 Lingulacea fenke 1828 Craniotret a Termier^onod 1978 Siphonotretacea Kutorga 1848 Craniscus Pall 1871 Craniacea tenke 1828 Craspedalosia >'ui r-WoodUooper I960 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Craspedelia Coooer 1956 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Craspedona CooperFGrant 1975 A ti l o s t e q a c e a f, u i r-Wood £ C oo pe r I960 Crassatrypa Wizens 1977 Atrypacea 8 ill 1871 Crassiorina Havlicek 1950 Enteletacea llaacien 1884 Crassipwnc tatrypa Wizens et al 1979 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Crassumbo Carter 1967 Beticulariacea Waagen 1883 Cremnortbis Williams 1963 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Cremspi r i f er Stehli 1954 Spir iferinacea Davidson 1884 Cret irhynchia Pettitt 1950 Rhynchonellacea Gray 184 8 Cricosia Cooper 1973 C ancel lot hy ridacea Thomson 1926 Cr i n i stroph i a Havlicek 196 7 Strophomen acea King 1846 Criopus Poli 1791 Craniacea ^enke 1828 Cris tiferina Cooper 195 6 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Crossacanthia Gordon 1966 Productacea Gray 1840 Crossalosia 7ui r-uood f ,Cooper I960 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Crozonorthis Melon 1976 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Cruralina Smirnova 1966 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Terebratula romingeri Hall 1863 Devonian-Miss issippiai Terebratula navicella Hall 1867 hevonian-Mississippian Anomia craniolaris Linne 1758 Triassic-Pecent Orbicula squamiformis Hall 1843 Ordovician-Mississippian Craniotreta caltepensis Termieribonod 1978 Cambrian Crania tripartita Munster 1837 Jurassic-Recent Orthothri* lamellosa Geinitz 1848 Permian Craspedelia marginata Cooper 1956 0 rdovic lan Craspedona newetli CooperSfrant 1975 Permian Atrypa diversa Sapelnikov 1968 Silurian Orthis notata Barrande 187 9 Ordovic ian Punctatrypa crass i concentr i ca Mizens 1977 Devoni an Crassumbo inornatus Carter 1967 Mississippian Cremnorthis parva Williams 1963 Ordovic ian Spiriferina angulata King 1931 Pennsylvanlan-Permian Terebratula plicatilis Sowerby 1816 Cretaceous Terebratu l i na filosa Conrad 1866 C retaceous Crinistrophia crinita Havlicek 1967 Devoni an Anomia imperforata Poli 1791 T riassi c-Recent Cristi ier ina cristata Cooper 1956 Ordovician Crossacanthia perlamellosa Gordon 1966 Mississippian Prariuc tus buchianus Koninck 1847 Mississ ippian Crozonorthis musculosa Weiou 1976 Ordovic ian Cruralina cruralinica Smirnova 1966 Cretaceous 72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Cruratula Bittner 1890 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Waldheimia eudora Laube 1866 T ria ss i c Cruricella Grant 1976 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Cruricella couria Grant 1976 Permian Crurirhync hi a Dagys 1961 Rhynchoneilacea Gray 1848 C rurirhynchia kiparisovap Dagys 1961 Triassic Crurithyris Georqe 1931 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Spirifer urei Fleminq 1823 Devonian-Permlan Cryptacanthia W h l t e 8 S t . J o h n 1867 Cryotonellacea Thomson 1926 waldheimia compacta White8St.John 1367 Pennsylvanian-Permian Cryptatrypa Siehl 1962 Atrypacea Gill 1871 T erebratula Philomela Barrande 1847 Si lurian-Devonian Cryptonella Hall 1861 Di elasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Terebratula rec tirostra Hall 1860 Devoni a n&Pe rm.ian Cryptopora Jeffreys 1869 Rhyne honpl lacea Gray 184 8 Atretia gnomon Jeffreys 1876 Tertiary-Recent Cryptopore l l a 8itner8 p isera 1979 R hy n c ho n e l t a c ea Gray 184 8 Cryptoporella antiqua PitnerSPisera 1979 C retaceous Cryptorhynch i a Buckman 1917 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 184 8 Rhynchooella pulcherrima Xitchin 190C Jurassic C ryptosD i r i fer Grabau 1931 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Cryptospirifer lochenqensis Grabau 1931 Carboniferous Cryptothyrella Cooper 1942 Athyridacea “cCoy 1844 Whitf i e l de l la quadrangularis Foerste 1906 Ordovician-Si In rian Cryptothyris “ancroft 1945 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Resserella oaracyclica Bancroft 1928 Ordovician Cryptotreta Pelman 1977 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Cryptotreta neguertchenensis Pelman 1977 Cambrian Ctenalosta Cooper?. Stehli 1955 Sfropha l osiacea Schuchert 1913 ftenalosia fixata Cooper8Stehl i 1955 Permian Ctenochonetes Racheboeuf 1976 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Chonetes tenuicostata Oehlert 1377 Devonian Ctenokoninckina Xu 1978 Koninckinacea Davidson 1853 Ctenokoninckina typica Xu 1978 T r i a s s i c Cubanirhynchia Tamyschan 1968 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 1848 Cubanirhynchia rostovtzevi Kamyschan 1968 Jurassic Cubanothyris ''aqys 1959 Diet asmatacea Schuchert 1913 Cubanothyris elegans haqys 1959 T r i a ss i c Cudmorella Allan 193° Terehratellacea King 1850 Cudmorella tatei Allan 1939 Tertiary Cumberland i na Boucot 1975 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer camber landiae Hall 1857 Devonian Cuneirhync hi a Buckman 1917 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Rhynchonella dalmasi Dumortier 1869 Triassic-Jurassic Cuparius Ross 1971 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Cuparius cardilatus Ross 1971 Ordovician Cupularostruu Sartenaer 1961 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Cupula ros trum recticostaturn Sartenaer 1961 Devonian NUMBER 42 73 Curti c i a Walcott 1935 Acrotretacea Sc hue her t 1893 Curtirhync hi a Buckman 1917 Rhynchonellacea Gray 184 8 Cyclacantharia Cooper&Grant 1°69 Richthofeniacea Waagen 1885 Cycladigera Havlicek 1971 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Cyclocoelia Foerste 1909 Orthacea Mooduard 1852 Cyclomyonia Cooper 1956 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Cyclospira HalllClarke 1893 Dayiacea Waaqen 1837 Cyclothyris M cCoy 1844 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Cydimia Chatterton 1973 Strinqocephalacea K i n q 1850 C y m a t o r h y n c h i a '’iickman 1917 Rhynchonellac ea Gray 1848 Cymbidium Kirk 1926 Pentameracea '•'cCoy 1B44 Cymbistropheodonta Harper8 Boucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Cymbithyris Cooper 1952 p i l Linqsel l ac ea Schuchert 1893 Cymostrophia Caster 193° Strophonenacea King 1846 Cyphomena Cooper 1956 Strophonenacea King 1846 Cyphomenoidea Cocks 1968 Strophonenacea King 1846 Cyphotalosia Carter 1967 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 C y ph ot e r o r h y n ch ii s Sartenaer 1965 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Cyrolexis Grant 1965 Stenoscismatacea Oehlert 1887 Cyrtalosia Termier8Termier 1970 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Cyrtella Fredericks 1924 Spiriferacea King 1846 Cyrtia Dalman 1828 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Cyrtina Davidson 1858 Suessiacea Waagen 1883 Cyrtinaella Fredericks 1916 Suessiacea Waagen 1883 Curticia eleaantula Walcott 19Q5 Cambrian Rhynchonella oolitica Davidson 1852 Jurassic Cyclacantharia kingorum CooperSGrant 1969 P e r m i a n Orthis palliata Parrande 1848 Devonian fltrypa sordida Hall 1847 Ordovic ian Cyclomyonia neculiaris Cooper 1956 Ordovician Orthis bisulcata Emmons 1842 Ordovic ian-Si lurian Terebratula latissima Souerby 1829 Cretaceous Cydimia robertsi Chatterton 1973 Devonian Rhynchonella cymatophorina Puckman 1910 Jurassic Cymbidium acutum Kirk 1926 Silurian Strophodonta cymbiformis Swallow 1860 Devonian Cymbithyris hami Cooper 1952 Cambrian Leptaena stephani 0a rrande 1879 Si luria n-Devonian Leptaena homostriata Butts 1942 Ordovician Leptaena wisaoriensis La mon1 8 G i lbert 194 5 Silurian Cyphotalosia masonensis Carter 1967 ^ississippian Uncinulus koraqhensis Reed 1922 De voni an Cyrolexis haquei Grant 1965 Permian Cyrtalosia circinata Ternier5Termier 1970 Permian Cyrtia kulikiana Fredericks 1916 Permian Anomites exporrectus Wahlenberq 1821 Si luria n-Devonian Calceola heteroclita Def ranee 1828 Si lurian-Mississippian Cyrtina biplicata Hall 1857 De vonian 74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY C y r t i n ae (, t i n a Fredericks 1 9? 6 Suessiacea Waaqen 188? Cyrtia acutirostns Shumard 1855 Si lurian-li ssissippian Cyr t mops i s Scuoin 1 8 Q 6 Spiriferacea king 1846 Spirifer undosus Schnur 1853 De voni a n Cyrtiopsis Grabau 192 T Spiriferacea kinq 1846 Cyrtiopsis davidsoni Grabau 1931 Devcni an Cyrtoniscus Roucot K Harper 1968 Chonetacea Pronn 186? Chonetes nectus Clarke 1907 Devonian Cyrtonotella SchuchertiCooper 1981 Orthacea Woodward 185? Orthis semicircularis Eichwald 1829 Ordovician Cyrtospirifer Malivkin 1924 Spirifer ace a king 1846 Spirifer verneuili Murchison 1340 Devonian-Mississippian Cyrtothyris Middlemiss 1959 Terehr atulacea Gray 1840 TerebratuLa depressa Walker 18 68 Cretaceous Pactylogonia UlrichRCooper 194? Strophomenacea king 1846 hactyloqonia qeniciilata Ul r i c hRC oope r 1942 Ordovician Dactylotreta Powe l UHenler soi 197 8 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1895 Dactylotreta rudunca Bojel1SHenderson 1978 Cambrian Oaghan i rhync hia Muir-Wood 1935 Bhynchonellacea Gray 1?4£ Daghan i rhynchia daghanlensis Muir-Wood 1935 Jurassic Dagnachonetes Afanasjeva 1978 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Dagnachonetes caucasius Afanasjeva 1978 D e v o n i an Dalaia Plodowski 1P68 Reticulariacea Waagen 198? halaia tarriiplicata Plodowski 1968 Permian Dalejina Havlicek 195? Ente letacea Waagen 1884 Dalejina hanusi Havlicek 1953 D e v o ni an Dalejodiscus Havlicek 1961 Plectambonitacea Jones 1^28 Strophomena comitans Barrande 1879 D e v o m a n Dalerhynchus Pai 1°78 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Dalerhynchus dingshanlingensis Pai 1978 Devonian Dalinuria L e e 8 G u 19 7 6 Productacea Gray 1840 Palinuria liaoninoensis Lee&Gu 1976 Permian Oalligas Steinich 1968 Terebrate l l acea king 1850 Dalligas nobilis Steinich 1968 Cretaceous Dallina Beecher 1893 Terebrate l lacea king 1850 TerebratuLa septigera Loven 1846 Tert iary-Recent Dallinella Thomson 1915 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Terebratalia obsoleta Reecher 1 R P 3 Tert lary-Recent Dallithyris Muir-Wood 1959 Terebratu l acea Gray 1840 Dallithyris murrayi Muir-Wood 1959 Tertiary-Recent Datmanella Hall 9 Clarke 1892 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Orthis testudinaria Dalian 1828 Ordovic ian-Si lurian Dalmanellopsis Khalfin 1948 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Dalmanellopsis septiger Khalfin 1948 D e voni an Oanelle Pajaud 1966 Thecideacea Gray 1840 Dane U a fragilis Pajaud 1966 Cretaceous Oanocrania Rosenkrantz 1964 Craniacea Menke 1828 Crania tuberculata Nilsson 1827 Tertiary NUMBER 42 75 Oaruasia Licharew 1934 Spiriferacea King 1846 Dasyalosia "in i r-Wo od SC oo pe r 1960 Strophalosiacea Schucher t 1913 Dasysaria CooperRGrant 1969 Prodnctacea Grey 1 84 0 Datangia Yang 1 D 7 7 Productacea Gray 1 840 Pavidsone l la M un i e r-ChaIma S Thee ideacea Gray 1 840 Davidsonia Bouchard IB49 P a v i d s o n i a c ea King 1850 Dauidsoniatrypa Lenz 1968 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Davidsonina SchuchertSLeVene 1929 Suessiacea Waagen 18*3 Daviesiella Waagen 1884 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Davoustia "achehoeuf 1976 Chonetacea Q ronn 186? Dawsonelloides Boucot '.Harper 196 8 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 P a y i a Davidson 18 81 Oayiacea Waaqen 1883 Dearbornia Walcott 1908 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 6 ecoropuqnax Haul icek I960 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Decurt e l la Gaetani 1966 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Dedzetina Havlicek 1950 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Delepinea Muir-Wood 1962 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Deltachania Waterhouse 1971 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Deltarina CooperSGrant 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Deltatreta Ulrich 1926 Clitambonitacea Winchell8Schuehert 1893 Delthyris Caiman 1828 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Demonedys Grant 1976 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Denticuliphoria Lichareu 1956 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Dentospiriferina Dagys 1965 Sp i r i fer i nacea Davidson 1884 Darvasia edelsteini Licharew 1934 Permian Spondylus goldfussi Munster 1839 Permian Dasysaria undulata CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Datangia luzhaiensis Mi 1977 Mi ssiss ippian Thecidea sinuata d eslonqchamps 1853 Jurassic Davidsonia verneuili Bouchard 1849 Devonian Davidsoniatrypa johnsoni Lenz 1968 Devonian Spirif era septosa Phillips 1836 Mississippian Productus llangollensis Davidson 1863 Mississippian Chonetes davousti Oehlert 1887 P e v o ni a n Chonetes canadensis Billings 1874 D e v o n i an Terebratula navicula Souerby 1839 Si luria n-Devonian Dearbornia clarki Walcott 1908 Cambrian Terebratula berenice R arrande 1847 Si l u ria n Terebratula decurtata Girard 1843 T r i a s s i c Parmorthis macrostomoides Havlicek 1950 Ordovician Productus comoides Souerby 1822 Mississippian Deltachania acanthatia Waterhouse 1971 Pennsylvanian Beltarina naqnicostata CooperSGrant 1976 Permian Deltatreta fillistriata Butts 1926 Ordovician Delthyris elevata Dalman 1828 Si l uria n-Devoni an Demonedys fastigiata Grant 1976 Permian Denticuliphoria rara Lichareu 1956 P e r m i a n Dentospiriferina pepeliaevi Dagys 1965 Triassic 76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Deothossia Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer anossofioides Grabau 1931 D e v onian Derbyaeconcha Licharew 1934 Pavidson i acea King 1850 berbyia anomala licharew 1932 Permian Derbyella Grabau 1931 5trophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Derbyella bureri Grabau 1931 Permian P e r b y i a Waaqen 1854 Derbyiacea Stehli 195;, derbyia reoularis Waaqen 1884 Carboniferous~Permian Derbyina Clarke 1913 Stringoceohalacea Kinq 1850 Notothyris smithi Derby 1890 D e vo ni an Derbyoides Dunbar 8 Condra 1932 Orthotetacea Waagen 1384 Derbyoides nebrascensis Dunbar8Condra 1932 Pennsylvanian-Permian p e r e t a Elliott 1956 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Terebratula pectita Sowerby 1816 C retaceou? Desatrypa Copper 1964 Atrypacea Gill ’871 Atryoa desouamata Sowerby 1840 D e v o nian Desmoinesia Hoare 1669 Productacea Gray 1840 Productus muricatus NorwODdHPrat ten P e nn sy l van i an 1855 Desmorthis iJlrich&Cooper 193 6 Orthacea Woodward 1R52 Desmorthis nevadensis Ul ri c hU ooper Ordovic ian 1936 Desquamatia Alekseeva I960 Atrypacea Gill 1371 Desquamatia khavae Alekseeva I960 Pe v onia n Destombesiu» Havlicek 1971 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Destombesium pect ini feruii Havlicek Ordovician 1 97 1 Devonalosia I'ni r-WoodU ooper I960 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Devonalosia wriqhtorum Inir-UoodRCooper I960 Devonian Devonamphistrophia HarperS R oucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Strophodonta alveata Hall 1863 D e vo nia n Devonaria Piernat 1966 Chonetacea Pronn 1869 Chonetes zeusch reri Sobolev 1909 Devonian D e v on o c h on e t e s r-Wood 1962 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Chonetes coronatus Hall 1857 D e v o n i an Devonogypa Havlicek 1951 Pent aneracea *'cCoy 1844 Devonogypa spinulosa Havlicek 1951 D e v o nian Devonoproductus Stainhrook 1943 Productacea Gray 1840 Productella walcotti FentonSfenton D e v o ni an 1 924 Dia bot irhynchia Drot 1963 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Dia bol irhynch i a hollardi Drot 1963 Si lu r i a n Diambonia Cooper8Kindle 1936 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Plectambonites qibbosa Winche l l8Schuchert 1895 Ordovic ian Diandonqia Pong 1974 Acrotretacea 5chuchert 1893 Diandongia pista Rong 1974 Cambrian Diaphelasma Ulrich8Coooer 1936 Pora mbonitacea Davidson 1853 Diaphelasma pennsylvanicum UlrichSCooper 1936 Ordovician Diaphragmus Girty 1910 Productacea Gray 1840 Productus elegans Norwood?Pratten 1855 Mississippian Diazoma Durkoop 1970 Delthyridacea Phillips 1841 Emanuella vothynica Kelus 1939 De vonia n NUMBER 42 77 Dicamara HallSClarke 1893 Athyridacea McCoy 18A 4 Dicamaropsis Amsden 196 8 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 0ic e 11omu s Hall 1871 Linaulacea M e n k e 18?S Atrypa plebeia Souerby 1840 De vonia n Merista parva Thomas 1926 Si l u r i a n Linqula polita Hall 1861 Cambrian hiceromy on i a Wanq 1949 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Orthis tersa Sardeson 189? 0 r do vician D i c ho s p i r i f e r Brice 1°70 Spiriferacea Kina 1346 Dichospi r ifer t h y t a k i s t o i d e s Brice 1970 Devonian Dicho 2 ygop l eura Renouf 1972 Athyridacea McCoy 1344 Oichozygopleura dichozygopleura Renouf 1 0 7 2 Devonian bicoelosia Kinq 18S0 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Anomia biloba Linne 1767 brdovician-Devonian Dicoelostroph i a Wanq 1^55 Strophomenacea King 1846 Dicoelostrophia punctatum Wang 1955 Devonian Dicraniscus M eek 1872 Triplesiacea Schuchert 1913 Dicraniscus ortoni Meek 1872 Si lu ria n nicrosia Cooper 1978 Terebratellacea King 185b Abyssothyris fijiensis Elliott I960 Tertiary Dictyoclostoidea WanqSChing 1964 Productacea Gray 1840 Dictyoclostoidea kiangsiensis Wang8Ching 1964 Pe rmian Oictyoclostus Productacea Muir-Wood Gray 1840 1930 Anomites sem r e ti cu l at us Martin 1809 Mississippian Pictyonathyris Xu 1978 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Pictyonathyris lanaensis Xu 1978 T r i a ssic Dictyonella Hall 1868 Eichualdiacea Schuchert 1893 Atrypa coralifera Hall 1852 Si lurian Dictyonina Cooper 1942 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Trematis pannulus White 1874 Cambrian Dictyonites Cooper 1956 Paterinacea Schuchert 18 Q 3 Dictyonites perforata Cooper 1956 Ordovician Dictyostrophia Caster 1939 Strophomenacea Xing 1846 Dictyostrophia cooperi Caster 1939 Devonian Dictyothyris Pouville 1879 Terebratu l acea Gray 1840 Terebratu l i tes coarctatus Parkinson J u ra ss i c 1811 Dictyothyropsis Barczyk 1969 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Terebratulites loricatus Schlotheim J u ra ss i c 1820 liicystoconcha Termier et al 1974 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Picystoconcha lapparenti Termier et Penns/lvanian- D ermian al 1 P 74 Didymelasma Cooper 1956 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Didymelasma longicrurum Cooper 1956 Ordovic ian Didymoparc ium lenz 1977 Dalmanellacea Schuchert 1913 Didymoparciurn costata Lenz 1977 Silurian Didymothyris Rubel8Modza l evskaja 1967 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Terebratula didyma Patman 1828 Si lurian Dielasma King 1859 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Terebratulites elongatus Schlotheim Mississippian-Permian 1816 78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY ftielas metla Weller 1911 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Oielasmina Waagen 1882 ftielasmatacea Schuchert 1°13 Dielasmoides Weller 1911 Di elasmatacea Schuchert 1913 ft aerisma Chinq,SnnlYe 1979 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Diestothyris Thomson 1916 Ter ebr at (“ l l acea King 1850 Digitia Greqorio 1930 Lyttoniacea Waaaen 1^33 Diqnomia Hall 18.72 Lingulacea M enke 1828 Digonella Muir-wood 1934 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Diholkorhynch i a Yanq8Xu 1966 R h y n c h on e l l ac e a Gray 1848 ftimeqelasma Cooper 194? Spir > ferinacea Davidson 1884 Dimerella Zittel 1870 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1 84 8 Dinapophysia Ma i l l ieui 193 5 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1 84 8 Dinarella Bittner 1 89? Dielasnatacea Schuchert 1913 ftinarispira ftaqys 1974 Spiriferinacea Davidson 18 8 4 Dinobolus Hall 1871 T rinerel lacea ftavidsonSXinq 1872 Dinorthis HallSClarke 1892 Orthacea Woodward 1852 ftioristella Bittner 1890 Athyridacea '"cCoy 1844 Diorthelasma Cooper 1956 Enteletacea Waaaen 1884 Diparelasma Ulrich8Cooper 1936 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Diplanus Stehli 1954 Davidsoniacea King 1850 ftipi onorth i s M itchell 1977 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Diplosplrella Bittner 1890 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Diraphora Hell i9 4 1 Orthacea Woodward 185? Dirinus McCoy 1844 Uncertain Eune l l a compressa Weller 1906 Mississippian ftielasmina plicata Waaqen 1882 Permian Dielasmoides bisinuata Weller 1911 Mississ ippian ftierisma furcatum C h i n g> Su n 8 Y e 197 1 ? T r i a ssi c T erebratu la frontalis Middendorff 1849 Tertiary-Recent Lytfonia anqustata Gregorio 1930 P e r m i a n Lingula alveata Hall 1863 Devonian T erebratu la diqona Sowerby 1815 Jurassic Rhyne h one ll a sinensis Koken 1910 T ria ss i c Spirifer neglectus Hall 1858 Mississipoian Dimerella quembeli Zittel 1870 T r i a ss i c Orthis pa pillo krantz 1857 D e v oni a n Dina re l la hauer i Rittner 1 8d2 T r i a s s i c Spiriferina pia Bittner 1890 T r i a s s i c 0 bolus conradi Hall 1868 Si luria n Orthis pectinella Conr ad 8Emmons 1842 Ordovic lan Terebratula indistincta Reyrich 1862 T r i a SS i c Diorthelasma parvum Cooper 1956 Ordovician Diparelasma typicum Ulrich6Cooper 1936 Ordovic ian Streptorhynchus lamellatum King 1931 Permian Diptonorthis portlocki Mitchell 1977 Ordovician Terebratula wissmanni Munster 1841 T ria ss i c Eoorthis bellicostata Walcott 1924 Cambrian Dirinus bucklandi McCoy 1844 Carboni ferous NUMBER 42 79 Discina Lamarck 1819 Discinacea Gray 18 4 0 Discinisca Dali 1871 Disci na tea Gray 13 4 0 Discinolepis Waagen 1885 Ac rotretacea Schuchert 189 3 Discinopsis Matthew 1892 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 hiscomyorthis Johnson 1970 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Discotreta UtrichKCooper 1936 Acrotretacea Sc hue her t 189 3 Discradisea Stenzel 1964 Discinacca Gray 1840 hisculina ri e s l o ng c h a mp s 18 84 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 D i spiriferina S i b l i k 1965 Spirifennacea Davidson 1884 Ditreta Biernat 1973 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Diuaricosta C ooperWrant 1969 Rhynchonet l acea Gray 1848 Dmitria Sidiachenko 1961 Spirife race a ring 1846 Dmitrispiri f er Ljaschenko 1973 Spiriferacea King 1846 Dnestri na Nikiforova? Hpriza lev ska j a 1968 Atrypacea Gill 1871 holeroides Cooper 1930 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Dolerorthis Schuchert?Cooper 1931 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Doloresella Sando 1957 Porambonitacea Davidson 1353 Donella Rotai 1°31 R h y n c h on e l l a c e a Gray 184 8 Dongbaella ChingSYe 1979 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Dorashamia Sarytcheva 1965 Productacea Gray 1840 Dorsisinus Sanders 1958 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Dorsop l icathyris Almeras 1971 Terebratellacea King 1850 Dorsos cyphus Roberts 1971 Davidsoniacea King 1850 Dorytreta Cooper 1956 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 184 8 Discina ostreoides Lamarck 1819 Recent Orbicula lamellosa Broderip 1833 Triassic-Recent Discinolepis granulata Waagen 1885 Cambrian Acrotreta gulielmi Matthew 1856 C a m b r i a ri Orthis musculosa Hall 1857 Devonian Acrothele levisensis Walcott 1908 Ordovic i an Orbicula antillarum Or biany 18 45 Recent T erebratu la hem i sphaeric a Sowerby 1826 Jurassi c Spiriferina riavidsoni Deslongchamps 1855 Jurassi c Ditreta dividua Biernat 1973 Ordovician hivaricosta souarrosa Cooper?Grant 1969 Permian Spirifer romanowskii Nalivkin 1930 Devonian Dmitrispirifer nalivkini Ljaschenko 1973 Devonian Dnestrina gut ta Nikiforova et al 196 3 Si lurian Orthis qibbosa Pi l l inqs 1857 Ordovician Orthis interpli cata Foerste 1909 Ordovician-Si lurian Doloresella concentrica Sando 1957 Ordovician Donella minima Rotai 1931 *’i s s i s s i pp i a n Dongbaella planata ChingSYe 1979 Mississ ipoian Dorashamia abichi Sarytcheva 1965 Permian Centronella lon isianensis Weller 1914 Mi ssiss ipoian Terebratu la dor sop licata Suess 1856 Jurassic Dorsoscyphus spinulosus Roberts 1971 Carboniferous Dorytreta bella Cooper 1956 Ordovician 80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Dotsuoodia McKellar 1 9 7 q P roductacea Gray 184 0 Douvillina Oehlert IPS? Strophomeriacea King 18 46 Douvil l inaria S ta inbrook 194 5 Strophomenacea King 1846 Douvil l ine 11a Spriestersbach 1925 Strophomenacea King 1846 Douvillinoides HarperKGoucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Oowhatania WaterhouseSGupta 1978 Productacea Gray 1840 Drabodiscina Havlicek 1972 Oiscinacea Gray 1840 Draborthis Marek&Hav l icek 1967 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Drabovia Havlicek 1950 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Drabovinella Havlicek 1950 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Dracius Steinich 1967 Terebratulacea Gray 1340 Drahanorhynchus Havlicek 1967 davidsoniacea King 1350 0raha nostrophia Havlicek 1967 Davidson i acea King 1850 Drepanorhyncha Cooper 1956 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 1848 Drummuckina “Bancroft 1949 S t r o ph om en a e e a King 1846 fiuartea Wendts 1959 Productacea Gray 1840 Dubaria Termier 1936 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Dubioleptina Havlicek 1967 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Dulankarelta Rukavischn i kova 1956 PIecta mb onitacea Jones 1928 Dundrythyris Almeras 1971 Terebratu l acea Gray 1840 Durranella Percival 1979 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Duryeella Boucot 1975 Spiriferacea King 1846 Dushanirhynchia WangR7hu 1979 Rhynchonetlacea Gray 1848 Dyoros Stehli 1954 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Whidbornella wyatti McKellar 1970 Devonian Orthis dutertrei Murchison 1839 Silurian-Devonian S tropheod ont a variabilis Calvin 18^8 Dev oni a n Stropheodonta filifer Schmidt 1912 Devonian Douvi l l inella crickmayi Pedder 1960 Devonian Productus douhatensis Diener 1915 Mississ ippian Discina grandis Barrande 1879 Or dovic i an Draborthis caelebs Marek8Havlicek 1967 Or dovic i a n Orthis redux Barrande 1848 Ordovician Orthis drabovensis Barrande 1879 Ordovic ian Dracius cami fen Steinich 1967 Cretaceous Drahanorhynchus drahanicus Havlicek 1967 Carbonifprous Drahanost rophia ficneri Havlicek 1967 Devonian Porambonites ottauaensis Billings 1862 Ordovician Strophomena aqrestis Bancroft 1949 Or dovic ian Productus batesianus Derby 1874 Pennsylvanian Dubaria lantenoisi Termier 1936 Si lurian-Devoni an Strophomena expulsa Barrande 1879 Silurian Out ankare lla magna R uk a v i s c h n i k o va 1956 Ordovician Terebratula perovalis Sowerby 1825 J u ra ssic Durranella septata Percival 1979 Ordovic ian Spirifer macra Hall 1857 Devonia n Dushanirhynchia inflata Wang&Zhu 1979 De vonia n Chonetes consanguineus Girty 1929 Permian NUMBER 42 81 Dyschrestia Grant 1976 Product a cea Gray 184n Dyschrestia spodia Grant 1976 Permian Dyscolia F i scher80eh l ert 1890 Terebrat ulacea Gray 1840 T erebratu lina uyvillei Davidson 1878 Tprt iary-Recent D y s c r i t o t h y r i s Cooper 1979 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Dyscritothyris cubensis Cooper 1979 Cretaceous Oysoristus Re l l 1944 Siphonotretacea Kutorga 1848 Dysoristus lochmanae Bell 1944 Cambrian r>y t i c o s p i r i f e r Johnson 1966 Delthyridacea Phillips 1841 hyt i cosoi r i fer mecolleyens i s Johnson 1966 Devonian D z i eduszyck i a Siemiradzki 1909 Athyris i nacea Grabau 193 1 Terebratula kielcensis Roemer 1866 D e v o ni an Ozirulina Nutsubidze 1945 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Terebratula dzirulensis Anthula 1899 Cretaceous Eatonia Hall 1857 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 1848 Atrypa medialis Vanuxem 1842 De vonia n Eatonioides McLearn 1918 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Eatonioides lame l lornatus McLearn 1918 Si l u ria n Eccentricosta Berdan 1963 Chonetacea “ronn 186? Chonetes jerseyensis Weller 1900 Si lurian-Devonian Echinalosia Waterhouse 1967 St rophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Strophalosia maxwelli Waterhouse 1964 Permian Echinaria Muir-Wood 8 Coo per I960 Prgductacea Gray 1840 Productus semipunctatus Shepard 1838 Pennsylvanian-Permian Echinauris Mu i r - WoodSC oo pe r 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Echinauris lateralis Mui r-WoodSCooper i960 Permian Echinirhynchia Childs 1969 Rhynchonel lac ea Gray 1848 Terebratu l ites senticosus Schlotheim 1820 Jurassic Echinocoelia Cooper8Wi llia ms 1935 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Echinocoelia ambocoelioides CooperSWilliams 1935 De voni a n Ech i nocoel iopsis Hamada 1968 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Echinocoeliopsis sculpta Hamada 1968 Devonian Echinoconchus Weller 1914 Productacea Gray 1840 Anomites punctatus Martin 1809 Mississippian Echinosp i r i fer Ljaschenko 1973 Spiriferacea King 1846 Echino soirifer distinctus Ljaschenko 1973 Devonian Echinosteges Muir-WoodRCooper 1960 Aulosteqacea Mu i r - Woo d 8 C oop e r 1960 Aulosteges tuberculatus King 1931 Permian Ecnomiosa Cooper 1977 Terebrate 11 acea King 1850 Ecnomiosa gerda Cooper 1977 Recent Ectenoqlossa Sinclair 1945 Lingulacea Menke 1828 Linqula lesueuri Rouault 1850 Ordovician Ectochoristites Campbell 1957 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Ectochoristites wattsi Campbell 1957 Mississippian Ectoposia CooperSGrant 1976 0ielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Ectoposia wildei CooperSGrant 1976 Permian Ectorensselandia Johnson 1973 Stringocephatacea King 1850 Rensselaeria laevis Meek 1868 Devonian 82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Ectorhioidium Boucot8Johnson 1979 Pentameracea "> c Coy 1344 C one hidiu m trilobatum K i ndle8Breger 190A Silurian Edriosteges inir-WoodSCoop er I960 Aulosteaacea ’-lui r-woodEC ooper I960 Edriosteaes multispinosus Muir-WoodSCooper Permian E hler sella B o u c o t 8 Johnson 1966 Pentameracea McCoy 13 4 4 Stricklandinia davidsoni Billings 1868 Si lurian E i c h w a l d i a Billings 185 8 Eichualdiacea Schuchert 1893 Fichualdia subtrigonalis Billings 1858 Ordovician Eifelatrypa Copper 1977 Atrypacea Gill 1371 Atrypa reticularis Fayser 1871 Devonian Eilotreta Amsden 1968 Triplesiacea ichuchert 1913 Rhynchotreta lenta Thomas 1926 Si lurian Elasmothyr is Cooper 1956 Enteletacea Waaqen 1834 Elasmothyris toncinnula Cooper 1956 Ordovician Elassonia CooperSGrant 1976 Rhynchone l l acea Gray 1848 Flassonia micraria C oope rSGrant 1976 Permian Elenchus Aleksandrov 1973 Peticulariacea Waagen 1883 Elenchus areatus Aleksandrov 1973 Carboniferous E l eu t h e r oc r a n i a Huene 1899 Craniacea Menke 1828 E leut herocrania gibberosa Huene 18°9 Ordovician-Si lurian E l eutherokomma Crickmay 19 50 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 E leutherokonna hamiltoni Crickmay 1950 ne von i an Elinoria Cooper8Muir-Wood 1951 Spiriferacea king 1^46 Spirifer rectangulus kutorga 1344 Permian Elita Fredericks 1918 Reticulariacea u a a g e n 1383 belthyris fimhriatus Conrad 1842 Pevonian Eliva Fredericks 1924 Spiriferacea king 1846 Spirifer lyra Kutorqa 1844 Permian Elivella Fredericks 1924 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Martiniopsis baschkirica Tschernyschew 1902 Permian Elivina Fredericks 1924 Spiriferacea king 1846 Spirifer tibptanus Diener 1897 Permian Elkania Ford 1886 Lingulacea Menke 1828 Obolella desiderata Billings 1862 Cambria n-Ordoviclan Ella Fredericks 1918 Spiriferacea king 1846 Mart inia simensis Tschernyscheu 1902 Permian Eltiottella Stehli 1955 Productacea Gray 18 40 Psilonotus transuersalis Stehli 1954 Permian Elliottina Pajaud 1963 Thecideacea Gray 184Q Thee idea deslongchampsi Davidson 1852 Jurassic Ellipsothyris Sahni 1925 Terebratu l acea Gray 1840 E l l lpsothyris similis Sahni 1925 Cretaceous Et1lptoqlossa Cooper 1956 Lingulacea "'enke 1828 Leptobolus ovatis Bassle r 1919 Ordovician Elliptostrophia Havlicek 1963 Strophomenacea king 1846 E l liptost rophia elliptica Havlicek 196 3 Devonian Elmaria Nalivkin 1947 Stringocephatacea king 1850 Elmaria glabra Nalivkin 1947 Devonian 1960 NUMBER 42 83 Elsaella Atichova I960 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Ely»osPirife r Wang 1974 Spiriferacea lian 1940 Gemmarcula Elliott 1947 T e r e br a t e l l a c ea King 1850 Gemmellaroia Cossmann 1898 Richthofeniacea W a a a » n 1885 Gemme1l ar o i el la Kabuti 193 7 Richthofeniacea Waaqeo 1885 Gemmulicosta Waterhouse 1971 Productacea Gray 1840 Rhynchonella micropteryx Eichwald 1865 Triassu Spirifer nitiensis niener 1897 Permian Gacella insolita Williams 196? Ordovic i a n Gacina moorefieldensis Stehli 1961 M ississippian Gagriella abhasiaensis Moisseiev 1939 C retaceous Stropheodonta galatea Fillings 1874 Devonian Galeatella gateata "I u i r - Wo o d 1 C oo pe r 1960 Devonian Galeatella kajnarens is Saoelnikov et al Ordovician Terebratula qalliennei Oroiqny 1847 Jurassic Gamdaella olaae Miloradovich 1947 Permian Gamonetes anteloi Isaacson 1977 Devonian Gamphalosia tenuissima Stainbrook 1945 Devonian Gasconsia schucherti Northrop 1939 Si lurian Orthis aurelia Fillings 1374 D e v o ni a n leiorhync hjs utahensis Kindle 1908 Devonian Aulacothyris cubanica Tschernyscheu 1902 Permian Geqenella qeqenensis LeeSGu 1976 Permian Orthis sanctolvanensis Barrande 1879 Si lurian Orthis partita Barrande 1879 Ordovician Waldheimia supina Palogh 1940 T r i a ss i c Gemmarcula aurea Elliott 1947 C retaceous Meqarhynchus marii Gemmellaro 1894 Permian Gemmellaroiella ozauai 8 a b u t l 1937 Permian Gemmulicosta gemma Waterhouse 1971 Penn sylvan ian 1 97 5 NUMBER 42 91 Geniculifera M ui r-woodU oo per I960 Productacea Gray 1840 Geni culomc learni tes Ha r p e r &8o uco t 197 s ! Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Georgethyris "inato 1953 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Ge rano ce ph a l u s Cr i ckmay 19 54 S t r i nqo c ep h a l a c e a Knq 1850 Gerassimovia Licharew 1956 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Gerothyris Struve 1970 Ret i cu l ar i acea Waagen 1883 Geyere t la Sc hel tuien 1 3 00 Derbyiacea Stehli 1954 Gibberostrophia HarperSBoucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 G i bb i r hy n c hi a luckuan 1°17 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 1848 Gibbithyris Sahni 1925 Terebratulacea Gray 1843 G i bbochonetes Aisenverg 1971 Chonetacea °ronn 186? Gibbospirifer Waterhouse 1971 Spiriferacea cCoy 1844 Hyborhync hella Cooper 1955 Rhynehonellacea Gray 1848 Hynniphoria Suess 1859 Terebrate 11acea King 1850 Hyponeat rypa Struve 1966 Atrypacea Gill 18 7 1 Hyooosia CooperRGrant 1974 Orthotetacea Waagen 1384 Hypothyridina Huckman 1906 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Hypseloterorhynchus Sartenaer 1971 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Hypsiptycha Wang 1949 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Hypsomyonia Cooper 1955 Enteletacea Waagen 1384 Hysterolites Schlotheim 1820 Spir iferacea Kinq 1846 Hystriculina Mu i r - W ood8 C o o per I960 Productacea Gray 1840 Dielasma triqonopsis Hoskinq 1933 Permian Terebratula crispus Hisinger 1826 Si lurian-Devoni an Resserella striata Bancroft 1945 Ordovician Spirifer howitti Chapman 1905 D e vonian Productus latirostratus House 1848 Permian Syntrophia texana Walcott 1905 C a m b rian Huenella -triplicata Walcott 1924 Cambrian Hunanoproduetus hunanensis Hou 1965 Mississippian Spirifer uanai Tien 1°38 Devonian Retzia aracanga Bittner 1912 T r i a s s i c Thee ospira andreaei «ittner 1900 T r i a ss i c Terebratula mormoni Marcou 1858 Mi s s i s s ippian-Permian Hustedtiella planicosta Dagys 1972 T r i a ss i c Atrypa conqesta Conrad 1847 Ordovician-Si lurian Hyborhync hella bransoni Cooper 1955 Devonian Hynniphoria globularis Suess 1859 Jurassic Atrypa aureolata Struve 1966 Devonian Hypopsia versuta Coope r5Grant 1974 Permian Atrypa cuboides Souerby 1840 Devonian Hypseloterorhynchus pennatus Sartenaer 1971 Devonian Hypsiptycha hybrida Wanq 1949 Ordovician Hypsomyonia st a inbrooki Cooper 1955 Devonian Hysterolites hystericus Schlotheim 1820 Devonian Hystriculina texana M u i r-W o od 8 C o o p e r I960 Pennsylvanian-Permian too SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY I ber i r hynch i a r> r o t ft W es t b r o e k 1966 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Iberirhynchia santaluciensis brotSWe stbroek 1966 Devonia n Iberithyris Kvakhadze 1°72 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Iberithyris rioniensis Kvakhadze 1972 Cretaceous Icodonta Pell 1 0 41 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Icodonta typica Bell 1941 Cambrian Idioglyotus Northrop 1939 Strophomenacea King 1846 Idioqlyptus stigmatus Northrop 1939 Si lu ria n Idiorthis NcLearn 19?4 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Idiorthis matura McLearn 1924 Si lu ria n Idiospira Cooper 1956 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Camerella panderi Billings 1859 Ordovician-Si lurian Idiostrophia Ulrich8Cooper 1936 Pora mb oni tacea havidson 1853 Idiostrophia perfecta U l richftCooper 1936 Ordovic ian Iheringithyr i s Levy 1961 Te r e b r a t e l l ac ea King 185 0 M agellania ameghinoi Ihering 190 3 Tertiary Ikella Tjazheva 1972 Uncertain Ikella numerosa Tjazheva 1972 Devonian Ilmarinia Op i k 1934 Clitam bonitacea Winchell8Schuehert 1893 Orthisina sinuata Pahlen 1877 Ordovician Ilmenia Nalivkin 1941 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Ilmenia altovae Nalivkin 1941 Devonian 1Inenispina Havlicek 1959 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Ilmenispina hanaica Havlicek 1959 D e v oni an Ilmospirifer Ljaschenko 1969 Uncertain Ilmospirifer graciosus Ljaschenko 1969 De voni a n Ilyinella Jassjukevitch 1973 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Ilyinella mangyschlakensis Jassjukev i tch 1973 Tertiary Imatrypa Havlicek 1977 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Imatrypa infima Havlicek 1977 Devonian Imbrexia Nalivkin 1937 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer imbrex Hall 1858 Mississippi an Imbricatia Cooper 1952 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Imbricatia lamellata Cooper 1952 Ordovician Ieperia Greqorio 1930 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Lyttonia princeps Gregorio 1930 Permian Implexina Poletaev 1971 Peticulariacea Waagen 1883 Spirifer implex Rotai 1931 Pennsylvanian Inaequalis Sucic-Protic 1971 Lobo i dothyridacea Makridin 1964 Inaegualis dubari Sucic-Protic 1971 J u rass i c Incisi us Grant 1976 Productacea Gray 1840 Incisius coneisus Grant 1976 Permian Independatrypa Copper 1973 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Atrypa i ndependensis Webster 1921 De vonia n Indigia Barchatova 1973 Productacea Gray 1840 Indigia ilibeica Barchatova 1973 Permian Indorhynchia Ovtsharenko 1975 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Indorhynchia s u b t r i g on a l i s Ovtsharenko J u ra ss i c 1 975 NUMBER 42 101 Indosoirifer Grabau 19 31 Spiriferacea ^ing 184 6 Inflatia Mui r-WoodUoooer I960 Product acea Gray 1841 Ingelarella Campbell 1939 Reticulariacea Waaqen 1883 Ingria Opik 1 °3 0 P l ec t a mb on i t a c e a Jones 192 8 Iniathyris Oesnossova 1963 Athyridacea McCoy 18 4 4 Innuitella Crickmay 1988 Rhyne honellacea Gray 1 848 I nopinat arcula Elliott 1952 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Institella Cooper 1942 Aulosteaacea M u ir-Wood&Cooper 1980 Inst it i f era Muir-Wood 8Cooper I960 Productacea Gray 184° Institina M ui r-'JoodRCooper I960 Productacea Gray 1849 Inversella Opik 1933 P l e c t a mho n i t a c e a Jones 1 °2 8 I nversithyris Dagys 1 968 Terebratulacea Gray 1349 Invert rypa Struve 1961 Atryoacea Gill 1871 lotina CooperIGrant 1978 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Iouatrypa Copper 1973 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Iphidella Walcott 1903 Pater inacea Schuchert 1893 Irboskites Pekker 1924 Davidsoniacea Kinq 1850 Irenothyris Pojariskaja 1966 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Irqislella T j azheva 197 2 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Irhirea Havlicek 1971 Orthacea Woodward 1852 I rid i stroph i a Havlicek 1965 Orthotet acea Waagen 1884 I rma G regorio 1930 Lyttoniacea Waaqen 1883 Iru Opik 1934 Clitanbonitacea Winchell8Schuch?rt 1893 Ishimia Nikitin 1974 P l ectambonitacea Jones 192 8 5 pi r i f er oa d a u k pi ne n s i s Reed 1 90 8 D e v on i a n Productus inflatus M c Chesney 1 860 Mississ i pp i a n Inge l a r e l la angulata Campbell 1959 Permian 0 r t h i s i n a nef edyewi E i c h wa l d 1 860 Ordovi c ian Inia t hyrl s topkens i s °esnossova 1963 Mississ iD p i an Inn uitell a innuitana C r i c k may 1 968 De voni a n Triqonose mus sc ant bodes Ether i dg e 19 13 Cretaceous Productus leonardensis King 1931 Permian Productus tessellatus Koninck 1847 w i ssiss ipoian Productus marginalis Koninck 1847 Mississiopian Inversella borealis Opik 1933 0 rriovi c ian Inver sithyris rhomboidalis n agys 196 8 Jurassic Spinatrypa kelusiana Struve 1956 r> e >/ o n i an lotina minuta Cooper&Grant 1976 Pe rm i an Atrypa ouenensis Webster 1921 Devonian Iphidea bella Billings 1872 Cambrian Irboskites fixatus Pekker 1924 Devonian Zeilleria guldaraensis Moisseiev 194 4 Jurassic Irqislella indecora Tjazheva 1972 De vom a n Corineorthis gigantea TermierRTermier 1950 0 r d ov i c i a n Orthis umbella Barrande 1848 Si lurian-Devonian Lyttonia biolata Greqorio 1930 Permian Orthisina concava p ahlen 1877 Ordovician Ishimia ishimensis Nikitin 1974 Ordovic ian 102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Isjumineiina kr id in I9 60 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Phynchonella pseudodecorata Rollier Jurassi c 19 1 7 Ismenia King 1880 Terebrate l lacea King 1850 Terebratulites pectuncnloi des Schlotheim Jurassic 1320 Isocrania Jaekel 1902 Craniacea ''enke 1828 Crania egnabergensis Ret zius 1781 Cretaceous I sogranna Meek8Worthen 1870 Eichwaldiacea Schuchert 1393 Chonetes mil1epunctatus Meek8Worthen Ca rboni ferous-Permian 1 870 Isophragma Cooper 1958 P l ectambonitacea Jones 1928 Isophragma ricevillense Cooper 1956 Ordovician Isopoma Torley 1934 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Terebratula brachyptycta Schnur 1853 Devonian Isorthis Kozlowski 1929 Fnteletacea Waagen 1884 Dalmanella s zaj noc hai Kozlowski 1929 Si l ur i a n- D e vo.ni a n Isospinatrypa Struve 1°66 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Terebratu l ites asper Schlotheim 1813 De vo ni a n Isovella 8 re ivel&Breivel 1970 Pentameracea M c C o y 1844 Isovella regina Breivel5Breivel 1970 Silurian Israelaria Cooper 1 <9 7 6 Protorthacea Cooper 1976 Israelaria parnesi Cooper 1976 Cambrian Isumithyris «atai 1948 Terebratellacea King 1850 Isumithyris kazusaensis Hatai 1948 Tertiary Iubaqraspirifer Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer wanaleighi Grasau 1931 De voni an Iugrabaspirifer Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifera wh itneyi Hall 1859 Devonian Ivanothyris Havlicek 1957 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer gibbosus Barrande 1879 Devonian Ivanoviella M ak r id in 1°55 R hy n c ho n e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Phynchonella alemanica Rollier 1917 Jurassic Ivdelinia Andronov 1^61 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Gypidula ivdelensis Khodalevich 1951 Devonian l Mai soirifer Tachibana 1964 Spiriferacea King 1846 Iwaispirifer st ria to lamellosus Tachibana Devonian 1964 Jaanussonites Neuman 1977 Gona mbonitacea SchuchertSCooper 193 1 Jaanussonites hornei Neuman 1977 Ordovician Jaffaia Thomson 1927 T er e b r a t e 11 a c ea King 1850 Magasella jaffaensis "lochmann 1910 Recent Jaisalmeria Sahm 1955 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Jaisalmeria taylori Sahni 1955 Jurassic Jakutella Abramov 1970 Productacea Gray 1840 Jakutella saryt chevae Abramov 1970 Pennsylvanian Jakutochonetes Afanasjeva 1977 Chonetacea Pronn 186? Jakutochonetes jakuticus Afanasjeva Carboniferous 1977 Jakutoproductus Kaschirzev 1959 Productacea Gray 1840 Marginifera verchoyanica Fredericks Permian 1931 Jamesella Walcott 1905 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Orthis perpasta Pompeckj 1896 Cambrian NUMBER 42 103 Janiceps Freeh 1901 Athyri dac ea McCoy 1844 Janiomya Havlicek 1967 Strophomenacea King 1846 Janius Havlicek 1°57 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Japanithyris Thomson 1927 Terebrate l l acea Kinq 1850 Jisuina G r abau 1931 Dietasmatacea Schuchrrt 1913 Jivinella Havlicek 1940 Orthacea Woodward 1 q 52 Johnsonalhyris Savage et a l 1978 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Jolonica hall 1^2 0 Terebratellacea King 1850 Jolvia Sapelnikov I960 Pent ameracea McCoy 1844 Juralina Kyansep 1961 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Juresania Fredericks 1928 Product acea Gray 1840 Juvavella Bittner 1888 Oielasiratacea Schuchert 1°13 Juvavellina Bittner 18^6 hie1 asm atacea Schuchert 1913 Kabanoviella Smirnova i°73 R h y n c ho n e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Kachathyris Smirnova 1975 Terebratellacea King 1850 Kadraliproductus Galitzkaja 1977 Productacea Gray 1840 Kafirnigania Katz 1962 Terebratellacea King 1850 Ka l l i rhynchia Ruckman 1917 R h yn c h on e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Kamoica Hatai 1936 Terehr atellacea King 1850 KaninoSpirifer KulikovSStepanov 1975 Spiriferacea King 1846 Kansuella Chao 1928 Productacea Gray 1840 Kaplex Ficner8Havlicek 1975 Strinqocephalacea Kinq 1850 Karadagella Babanova 1^65 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Karadagithyris Tchorszhewsky 1974 Loboidothyridacea Makridin 1964 Athyris peracuta Stache 1878 Permian Janiomya parallelomya Havlicek 1967 Silurian Spirifer nobilis Barrande 1848 Si lurian-Oevonian Terebratella mariae Adams 1860 Tertiary-Recent Jisuina elegantula Grabau 1931 Pe rmian Orthis incola Barrande 1879 0 r dnvi c i an J oh n s or,a t f y r • s adrianensis Savage et al 197 8 Devonian Campaqes hedleyi hall 1920 Re cent Jolvia multiplexa Sapelnikov 1960 Silurian Juralina procerus Kyanseo 1961 J u r a ss i c Productus jura sanens is T sc he rny sc he-w 1902 Pennsylvanian-Permian Juvavella suessi Bittner 1888 T ria ss i c Juvavellina kit tin Pittner 1896 T r i a ss i c Rhynchonetla obliterate Lahusen 1874 C retaceous Kachathyris privus Smirnova 1975 Cretaceous Productus kadra lensis Gladtchenko 1955 Mi ssiss ippian Kafirnigania pentangulata Katz 1962 C retaceous Rhynchonella concinna Davidson 1878 Jurassic Jolonica iduensis Hatai 1936 Tertiary Spirifer kaninensis Licharew 1943 Permian Productus kansuensis Chao 1927 Mississippian Kaplex obesissimus F icne rSHav l icek 197 5 hev onia n Karadagella moisseievi Babanova 1965 J urassic Karadagithyris babanovae Tchorszhewsky 1974 J u r a s s i c 104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY karakulina Andreeva 1972 p o r a mb o n i t a c e a Davidson 1853 karakulina nana Andreeva 1972 Ordovician karavankina Ramovs 1969 Prodnctacea Gray 18 40 karavankina typica Ramovs 1969 P e rm i a n karlicium Havlicek 1074 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 karlicium karlicum Havlicek 1974 Ordovic ian Karpin skia Tschernyscheu 1885 Atrypacea Gill 1871 karpinskia conjiiqula Tschernyschew 188 5 Devonian kasakhstania Oesnossova 1968 Sp i r i fer acea king 1846 kasakhstania mikunovi Pesnossova 1968 Carbonifernus Kassinella Porissiak 1056 PIec tanbonitacea Jones 1928 kassinella qlobosa Borissiak 1956 Ordovician Katast rophonena Cocks 1968 Strophomenacea king 1846 Strophomena antiauata Reed 1917 Si lurian katunia kulkov 1963 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 katunia subtrigonata kulkov 1963 hevoni an kayserella Hall?Clarke 1892 Enteletacea Uaagen 1884 Orthis lepida Schnur 1853 Devoni an kayseria Davidson 1882 Dayiacea Uaagen 1883 Orthis lens Phillips 1841 Devoni an ketusia A'amedov 1 0 78 Cy rt i acea Predericks 1924 Emanuella volhynica kelus 1939 Devonian keratothyris Tulnueit 1965 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Terebratnla cor Lamarck 1819 Jurassic kerpina Struve 1961 Atrypacea Gill 1871 kerpina vineta Struve 1961 Devoni an kestonithyris Sahni 1925 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 kestonithyris inflata Sahni 1925 Cretaceous keyserlinqia Pander 1861 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Orbicula reversa Verneuil 1845 Ordovician keyser l ingina Tschernyscheu 1902 Lyttoniacea Waaqen 1883 keyserlinqina schellwieni Tschernyscheu 1902 Pennsylvanlan-Permian khinqanospirifpr Su 1°76 Spiriferacea king 1846 'luc rospi r i fer parad 0 xif 0 rm i s Hou 1959 Devonian khodalevichia 9oucotRJohnson 197° Pentameracea dcCoy 1844 Rrooksina crassa khodalevich 1939 Silurian kiaeromena Spjeldnaes 1957 Strophomenacea king 1846 Leptaena kjerulfi Holtedahl 1916 Ordovic ian kiangstella Grabau8Chao 1927 Davidsoniacea king 1850 Orthotetes tingi Grabau 1924 Pennsylvanian-Permian kikaithyris YabeSlIatai 194 1 Terebr at ellac ea king 1850 Pictothyris hanzauai Vabe 1934 Tertiary K indieina Savage et al 1978 Rhyne honellacea Gray 184 8 kindle ina suemerens i s Savage et al 1978 Devoni an kinelina Ljaschenko 1969 Strophomenacea kinq 1846 kinelina eifelensis Ljaschenko 1969 Devonian kinaena Davidson 1852 Terebratellacea kinq 1850 Terebrat u la lima Def ranc e 1828 Cretaceous NUMBER 42 105 Kingenella Pooiel-farczyk 1968 T er e br a t e l l a c ea K i n q 185 0 Kinghiria litvinovich 1966 Spiriferacea King 1846 Kinnella Bergstrom 1 °6 8 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Kirkidium Amsden^Boucot SJo hn s on 1967 Pent ameracea McCoy 1844 Kirkina Salmon ' Q4 2 Strophomenacea King 1846 Kisilia Nalivkin 1979 Spiriferacea King 1846 Kitakamithyris "•linato 1951 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Kjaerina Bancroft 1929 Strophomenacea King 1846 Kjerulfina Bancroft 1°?9 Strophomenacea King 1846 K l i pste i ne l la Dagys 1974 Suessiacea Waagen 1°8 3 K oc h i p r od ii c t ii s Dunbar 1955 Productacea Bray 18 40 Koeveska l l i na Dagys 1 Q 65 Spiriferinacea Pavidson 1884 Kolhidaella "oisseiev 1939 Rhynchone l lacea Bray 184 8 Kolymithyris r a n y s 1965 Zeilleriacea Allan 194Q Komispirifer Ljaschenko 1973 Spiriferacea King 1846 Koninckella M U nier-Chalmas 1880 Koninckinacea Davidson 1853 Koninckina Suess 1853 Koninckinacea Davidson 1853 Koninckodonta nittner 1893 Koninckinacea Davidson 1853 Konstantia Pajaud 1970 Thecideacea Bray 1840 Kosirium F i cner8 h av l icek 1975 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Kotujella Andreeva 1962 B i l l ingsellacea Schuchert 1893 Kozlouskia Fredericks 1933 Productacea Bray 1840 Kozlowskiellina Roucot 1958 Spiriferacea King 1846 Kozlowskites Havlicek 1952 Plectamhonitacea Jones 1928 Kingenella konqieli Pop'el-Parczyk 1968 Cretaceous Kinghiria orima Litvinovich 1966 C a rboniferous Hirn antia kielanae Temple 1965 Ordovic ian Pentamerus knightii Sowerby 1813 Si lu ria n Kirkina millardensis Salmon 1942 Ordovician Kisilia linguata Nalivkin 1 Q 7 8 Lenorthis Andreeva 1955 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Lenothyris Daqys 1968 Lobo i dothyridacea Makridin 1964 Lepidocrania CooperRGrant 1974 Craniacea Me n k e 18 28 Lep i docyc l oides Nikiforova 1961 R h y n c h on e l l a c p a Gray 184 8 Lepidocyclus Wang 194° Rhynchonel l acea Gray 184 8 Lepidoleptaena Haulicek 1963 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Lepidorhynchia Purri 1956 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Lepidorthis Wanq 1955 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Lepi dosp l r i f er CooperRGrant 1969 Spiriferacea King 1846 Lepismatina Wang 1955 Suessiacea Waagen 1383 Leptaena Caiman 1828 Strnphomenacea Kinq 1846 Leptaenella Fredericks 1918 Strophomenacea King 1846 Leptaenisca Beecher 189Q Strophomenacea King 1346 Leptaenoidea Hedstrom 1917 Strophomenacea King 1846 Leptaenomendax Garc ia-Alca IdeSMartinez Strophomenacea King 1846 Lenothyris perflexus Dagys 1968 J ii ra ss i c Lepidocrania tardispinosa CooperSGrant 1974 Permian Lepidocycloides baikiticus Nikiforova 1961 Ordovic lan Lepidocyclus laddi Wang 1949 Ordovic ian Strophomena rhomboidalis Parrande 1 879 Ordovic ian Let) idorhynch 1 a dichotoma 9urri 1956 Cretaceous Lepidorthis typicalis Wang 1955 Ordovician Lep i dospi r i fer anqulatus C ooperSGran t 1969 Permian Lepismatina hsui Wang 1955 T ria ss i c Leptaena rugosa Dalman 1828 Ordovician-Kississippian Leptaena rhomboidalis Hall&Clarke 1892 Ordovician-Devonian Leptaena concava Hall 1857 Silurian-Devonian Leptaenoidea silurica Hedstrom 1917 Si lurian 1 978Leptaenomendax chaconae Garcia - Alcalde et a l De voni an Leptaenopoma MarekRHavlicek 1 967 Leptaenopoma trifidum Ha rekSHavlicek 1967 Strophomenacea K i ng 1 846 Ordovic i a n Leptaenopyxis Haulicek 1 96 3 L ep t a ena boue i Parra nd e 1848 St rophomenacea King 1846 Ordovic i a n Leptagonia McCoy 1 844 P ro d u c t a analog a Phillips 1836 S t rophomenacea K i nq 1 346 M i s s i s s ■j pD i an Leptalosia Du nb a r & C on dr a 1932 Strophal 0 siacea Schuchert 1913 Stroohalosia scintilla Beecher 1890 Devonian-Penn syIvani an 1978 110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Leptathyris Siehl 196,? flthyridacea McCoy 1 R 4 4 Leptella HallRClarke 1892 PI ectam bonitacea Jones 1 9?8 leptellina Ulrich8Cooper 1936 P l ecta mhon i tacea Jones 1°?8 Lep t e l l o i tie a Jones 1928 Plectambonitacea Jones 192 8 Leptembolon m -j c k w i t z 18°6 Lingulacea Henke 18?8 Leptestia n ekker 1922 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Leptestiina Havlicek 1952 Plectambon i tacea Jones 192 8 Leptobolus Hall 1871 Lingulacea «enke 1828 Leptocaryorhynchus Sartenaer 1972 Rhynchone l l acea Gray 1858 Leptochonetes HavlicekRRacheboeuf 1979 Chonetacea Rronn 186? Leptocoelia Hall 185? Dayiace a Waagen 18 R 3 Leptocoelina Johnson 1970 Dayiacea Waaqen 188* Leptodonta khal*in 1955 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Leptodontella kha l f i n 1948 S t ro p h om en a c e a kinq 1846 Leptodus kayser 1883 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Leptoptilum Opik 1930 Plectambon i tacea Jones 192 8 Leptoske l i dion Amsden 1974 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Leptospira 9oucot/J ohnsonS St a t on 1964 Retziacea Waaqen 1883 Leptostrophia HallSClarke 1892 Strophomenacea king 1846 Leptostrophiella HarperSBoucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Leptothyrella Muir-Wood 1965 Terebrate l l acea king 1850 Leptothyre l lopsis R i t n e r&P i s e r a 1979 Terebratrl lacea kinq 1850 Lercarella MascleRTermier 1970 Productacea Gray 1840 Lespius Gregorio 1930 Orthotetacea Waagen 1884 Lept athyr is qryphis Siehl 1962 D e vonia n Leptaena sordida Billings 1862 Ordovician Leptellina tennesseensis Ulrich5 Cp oper 1936 Ordovician Plectambonites schmidti Bekker 1921 Ordovician Obolus l i rigu l ae f o r mi s Mickuitz 1896 Cambrian-Ordovician Leptestia muscnlosa Rekker 1922 Ordovic ian Benignites prantli Havlicek 1952 Ordovician Leptobolus lepis Dali 1877 Ordovician Cam arotoechia jamensis Brice 1967 D e v o ni an C hone tes tardus Rarrande 1879 Devonian Leptocoelia propria Hall 1857 h e v o ni a n Leptocoelina squamosa Johnson 1970 Devonian Leptaena leblanci Rouault 1851 D e v o nian Leptaena caudata Schnur 1854 Devonian Leptodus richthofeni kayser 1883 Permian Leptestia bekkeri Opik 1930 Ordovic ian Leptoskel i dion septulosum Amsden 1974 Si lu ria n Trematospira costata Hall 1859 Devonian Stropheodonta magnifica Hall 1857 5 i l uri a n-De voni an Leptaena explanata Souerby 1842 Si luria n-Devonian Leptothyris ignota Muir-Wood 1959 Re cent Leptothyrellops i s polonicus BitnerRPisera 1979 C retaceous Lercarella sicana Masc leSTermier 1970 Pennsylvanian-Permian Lespius tavoritus Gregorio 1930 Permian NUMBER 42 111 Lethamia Waterhouse 1973 Productacea Gray 184? Leurosina Cooper&Grant 1975 Chonetacea Rronn 18(5’ Levenea Schuche r t 8 Cooper 1931 Enteletacea Uaaaen 1884 Levi hi septum Xian 1975 Pentameracea 'IcCoy 1844 Leviconchidie l la Rzonsnitzkaja I960 Pentameracea McCoy 1344 Leviqatella Andronov 1961 Pentameracea McCoy 1344 Levipustula Maxwell 1951 Productacea Gray 1840 Levispira M i z e n s 1975 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Levitusia M uir-Wood5Cooper I960 Productacea Gray 184? Lialosia Muir-UoodSCoooer 1960 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Libyaeqlossa Havlicek 1973 Linqulacea i*enke 132 8 Libys fassaUennierRTermier 1974 Productacea Gray 1840 L i charevietla Ustritsky 1959 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Lichareuia Einor 1939 Spiriferacea King 1846 L i charevie 11a Sokolskaja 1960 havidsoniacea Kinq 1350 Lievinella Boucot 1975 Strinqocephalacea King 1850 Liljevallia Heristrom 1917 Strophomenacea King 1846 Limbella Stehli 1054 Aulosteqacea Muir-Wood&Cooper I960 Limbimurina Cooper 1956 Strophomenacea Kinq 1346 Lindstroerne l la Hall&Clarke 1890 Discinacea Gray 1840 Lineirhynchia Huckman 1917 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 1848 Linguithyris Buckman 1917 Terebratulacea Gray 184? Lingula Bruguiere 1797 Lingulacea Menke 1828 Lingulapholis Schuchert 1913 Lingulacea Menke 1328 Lethamia liqurritus Waterhouse 1973 °ermian Leurosina marginata Cooper&Grant 1975 Pe rmian Orthis subcarinata Hall 1857 Si l urian-Devonian Levihisep tun dushanense Xian 197 5 De vo ni an Sieberella vaqranica Khodalevich 1951 Devonian Gypidula olga Khodalevich 1939 Si lurian-Devonian Levioustula levis Maxwell 1951 Pe nn sylvan 1 an Levispira eifeliensis Mizens 1975 D e v o nian Productus humerosua Souerby 1822 Mississipoian Strophalosia kiuherleyensis Prendergast 1943 Permian Libyaeglossa collombi Havlicek 1973 0 r dovic ian Libys hericinus Massa et al 1974 Mississ ippian Strophalosia costata Waagen 1884 Permian Spirifer stuckenberqi Netschajev 1900 Permian Derbya magnifica Licharew 1939 P e rmian Rensse l aerina primaeva Jarrois et al 192 0 D e voni an Liljevallia qotlandica Hedstrom 1917 Si l u ria n Aulosteges wolfcampensis King 1931 Pennsylvanian-Permian Limbimurina insueta Cooper 1956 Ordovician Lindstroe mella aspidium Hall&Clarke 1890 Devonian-Pennsylvanian Rhynchonella cottesuoldiae Upton 1899 J u r a ssi c Terebratula bifida Rothpletz 1886 J u r a ss i c Lingula anatina Lamarck 1801 Ordovician-Becent Pholidops terminalis Hall 1859 Ordovician-Devonian 112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Lingulasrra Ulrich 1889 Lingulacea "tpoke 1828 Lingulasma sc huchert i Ulrich 1889 Ordovic ian lingulella Salter 1866 Lingulacea M enke 18?8 Lingula davisii McCoy 1851 Cambrian-Ordovician Linguleois Hall 186? Lingulacea M enke 1828 Lingula pinnaformis Owen 1852 Cambri a n-Or dovi cian Lingulipora Girty 1898 Linqulacea "enke 1822 Lingula williamsana Girty 1898 Devonian-Pennsylvanian Lingulobolus M a ttheu 1895 Lingulacea M enke 1828 Lingulella affinis Billings 1872 0 rdovician Linqutodiscina Whitfield 1890 Oisc inaces Gray 1840 Lingula exi lis Hall 1860 Devoni a n Lingutops Hall 1872 Lingulacea Menke 182 s Lingulops uhitfieldi Hall 1872 Ordovic ian-Si lurian Linguopugno i des Havlicek I960 R h y n c hon e l l a c e a Gray 184 8 Rhynchonella nympha Barrande 1879 Si lurian-Devoni an Linnarssone l l a Walcott 1902 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Linnarssonella girtyi Walcott 1902 C amh rian Linnarssonia Walcott 1885 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Obolella trarsversa Hartt 1868 C a mb r i a n Linoporella Schuchert8Cooper 1931 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Orthis Dunctata Verneuil 1848 Si lurian Linoproductus Chao 1927 P roduct ac ea Gray 1840 Productus cora Orbiqny 1842 Mi ssissippian-Pe rmian Linoprotonia Ferguson 1971 Product a cea Gray 18 40 Proriuctus hemisphaericus Souerby 1822 M ississippian Linostrophomena Rong , Xu8Yanq 1974 Strophomenacea King 1846 L inost rophouena conveia Rong/XuUang 1974 Si lurian Liocoelia Sc hue hert 5C oooer 1931 Uncertain Pentamerus pro*inns Barrande 1879 Si lurian Lioleptaena Xian 1978 Strophomen acea King 1846 Lioleptaena kai liensis Xian 1978 Si lurian Liosotella Cooper 195? Productacea Gray 1840 Liosotella rugosa Cooper 1953 Pe rmian L iospiriferina Pousse lie 1977 Sp i r i ferinacea Davidson 1884 Terebratu lites rostratus Schlotheim 1822 Jurassic Liostrophia Coooe r&Xirdle 1936 Porambom tacea Davidson 1853 Liostrophia qlabra Cooper8Kind l e 193 6 Ordovician Liothyrella Thomson 1916 lerebrat ulacea Gray 1840 Terebratula uva Broderip 1833 Tertiary-Recent Liralingua Graham 1970 Lingulacea M e nke 182° Liralinqua indieus Graham 1970 Carboniferous Liraria Cooper?Grant 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Liraria lirata CooperSGrant 1975 P e rmian Liraspirifer Stainbrook 1950 Spiriferacea King 1846 Liraspirifer tricostatus Stainbrook 1950 Miss iss ippian Lirellaria CooperR Grant 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Lirellaria costellata CooperSGrant 1976 Permian NUMBER 42 1 13 Liricauers Cooper 1 Q 56 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Liriplica Campbell 1961 Spir if erinacea Davidson 1884 L i ssajousithyr i s Almeras 1971 Terehrat ill acea Gray 1840 Lissatrypa Tvenhofel 1914 At rypacea Gill 1871 Lissatrypoidea "oucot84msden 195? Atrypacea Gill 1871 Lissella Campbell 1961 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Lissochonetes DunharSCondr a 1932 Chonetacea ironn 1862 Lissocoelina Sc hue hertU oo per 1931 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Lissocrania Williams 1 3 4 3 Craniacea Henke 1828 L i ssomara i ni fera Lane 1962 Productacea Gray 1840 Lissop leura Whitfield 1896 Rhynchonel l ac ea Gray 184 8 L issorhynchia Yanq8Xu 1^66 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Lissosia Cooper 8Grant 1975 Chonetacea Rronn 1862 L i ssostrophia Amsden 1949 Strophomenacea King 1846 Lissotreta Amsden 1968 Triolesiacea Schuchert 1913 litocothia Grant 1976 Lyttoniacea Waaqen 1883 Litothyris Roberts 1971 Spir i feracea King 1846 ljaschenkovia Ratrukova 1969 Discinacea Gray 184° Ljudmi l i spi rifer Tcherkesova 1976 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Llanoella Roucot 1975 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Lobo idothyris 9uckman 1917 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Loboidothyropsis Snc i c-Protic 1971 Loboidothyridacea Makridin 1964 Lobothyris Ruckman 1917 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Lobothyroides Xu 1978 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Liricamera nevadensis Cooper 1956 0 r dovic i a n Liriplica alta Campbell 1961 Pennsylvanian Terebratula mat isconensis Lissajous 1936 Jurassic Lissatrypa atheroidea Tuenhofel 1914 Si lurian-Oevonian Nucleospira concentrica Hall 1859 Si lu r l a n Lissella booralensis Campbell 1961 Pennsylvanian Chonetes qlab£r Geinitz 1866 Pennsylvanian-Permian Pentamerus pergibbosus Hal l 8Wh 11 field 1875 Si lurian Crania dodqei Rowley 1^08 Mississippian Lissomarginifera nuda Lane 1962 Pennsylvanian Rhynchonella aequivalvis Hall 1857 D e v o n i an LiSS orhynchia pyqmaea YanqSXu 1966 Triassic Ryoros concavns CooperSG rant 197 5 Permian Lissostrophia cooperi Amsden 1949 Si lurian-Devonian Onychotreta olicata Ulrich&Cooper 1936 Si lurian Litocothia cateora Grant 1976 Permian Litothyris alticostata Rooerts 1971 D e v o n i a n Lj a schenk ouia udmurtica Ratrukova 1969 D e v o nian Relthyris irreqularis Nalivkin 1960 De voni an Llanoella stephensi Boucot 1975 Devonian Loboidothyris latovalis Buckman 1917 Jurassic Loboidothyropsis tipica Sueic-Prot i c 1971 Jurassic Terebratula punctata Souerby 1812 Jurassi c Lobothyroides striata Xu 1978 Triassic 114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Lobvia B r e i v e l 8 0 r e i v p l 1977 Spiriferacea King 1846 Theodossia prae superbus Br e i ve l S Br ei ve l De vonian 1 977 Loczyella Freeh 1 0 01 Richfhofeniacea W a a q e n 1835 Loczyella nankinqensis Freeh 1901 P p rmian Loganella Roucot8 Amsden 1958 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Rhipidometla le huquetiana Clarke 190 7 Devonian Lo i lemia Reed 1936 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Loilemia prokima Reed 1936 Si l u ri a n Lomatiphora Roberts 19 7 1 Productacea Gray 1840 Lomatiphora aquila Roberts 1971 Mississippian Longdonqshuia HouSxian 1975 Rhynchooellac ea Gray 1848 Lonqdongs huia subaequata HouSXian 1975 De v oni an Longispina Cooper 194? Chonetacea °ronn 1862 Chonetes emmetensis Winchell 1866 Devonian Longithyris KatzSPopov 1974 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Najdinothyris lonqa Katz 1973 Cretaceous Longvillia Pancroft 1933 Stropho»enacea King 1846 Strophomena qrandis Sowerby 1839 Ordovician Loperia Walcott 1905 Orthacea Woodward 188? Protorthis dougaldensis Walcott 1905 Cambrian Lophrothyris Ruckman 1917 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Lophrothyris lophus Buckman 1917 J u ra ss i c Lopingia Chan 1979 hawidson i acea King 1350 Orthotetes ruber Freeh 1911 D ermian Lorangerella Crickmay 1963 Rhyne Honellac ea Gray 184 8 Lorangerella phaulomorpha Crickmay 1963 Devonian Lordorthis Ross 1959 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Lordorthis variabilis Ross 1959 Ordovician LOriolithyris "iddlemiss 1968 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Terpbratula russi llensis Loriol 1866 C retaceous Losvia 8 r e i ve l 8 Rr e i ve l 1976 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 184 8 Pugnoides operosa Khodalevich 1951 D e vonia n Lowenstamia Stehli 1961 0 ielasrat acea Schuchert 1913 Lowenstamia tenana Stehli 1961 Permian Loxophraqmus Cooper&Grant 1974 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Loxophraqmus ellipticus Cooper&Grant 1974 Permian Luanquella Garc ia-Alcalde&Racheooeuf Chonetacea Rronn 186? 1 978 Luanquella cantabriens i s Garcia - Alca Ide Devonian et al 1978 Ludfordira Kelly 1967 S t ro ph ome na c e a K i nq 1846 Ludfordina pixis Kelly 1967 Silurian Luhaia Roomusoks 1956 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Luhaia vardi Roomusoks 1956 Ordovician Luna ria Chinq»Sun8Ye 1979 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Luna ria dorsata Ching^Sun&Ye 1979 T r i a ss i c Lunpolaia C h i n q 8 Y e 1979 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Lunpolaia cymba l iformis Ching&Ye 1979 Cretaceous luofuia Xu 1977 P l i ca noptitacea Xu 1977 Luofuia delicata Xu 1977 Devoni an NUMBER 42 115 Lutetiarcula Elliott 1984 Terebratellacea King 1850 Lutetiarcula perplexa Elliott 1954 Tertiary Lycopboria Lahusen 1886 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Atryoa nucella Dalman 1328 Ordovician Lyra Cumberland 1818 Terrbratellacea King 1850 Lyra meadi Cumberland 1318 Cretaceous Lytha Fredericks 1924 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Spiriferella tschernyschewiana Fredericks 1916 Mi ssiss iopian Lyttonia Waagen 1883 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Lyttonia nobilis Waagen 1883 Permian Maakina Andreeva 1961 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Opikina kulinnensis Andreeva 1°61 0 r dovic ian Macandrevia Kinq 1859 Terebratel l acea Kinq 1850 Ter ebratu la cranium Muller 1776 T e r t i a r y-R e c e nt Machaeraria Cooper 1955 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Rhynchonella formosa Hall 1857 Devonian Mackerrovia Cocks 1968 Strophomenacea King 1846 Rracbypri on arenaceus L a mo n t & G i l b e r t 194 5 Si l u ria n Maclarenella Stehli 1955 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Maclarenella maculosa Stehli 1955 Devonian Macrocoelia Cooper 1956 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Macrocoelia obesa Cooper 19G6 Ordovician Macrop l ectane Cossmann 1909 Strinqocephalacea King 1850 Denckmannia cir cularis Hoi zap f el long Devonian Macropleura floucot 1963 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Delthyris macropleurus Conrad 1340 Si lurian-Devonian Macropotamorhynchns Sartenaer 1970 Rhynchoneltacea Gray 1848 Cam arotoechia m i tche l deanensis Vauqhan 1905 Mississ ipoian Madarosia Coooer&Grant 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Madarosia anterolame11at a CooperSGrant 1976 P e r m i a n Maqadania Ganelin 1°77 Productacea Gray 1840 Cane ri ne l la baj kurica L'stritsky 19 63 Permian Magadina Thomson 1915 Terebrate 11acea King 1850 Magadina browni Thomson 1915 Cretaceous-Recent Magadinella Thomson 1915 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Maqasella uoodsiana Tate 1880 Tert iary Magas Sowerby 1818 Terebratellacea King 1850 Magas pumilis Soweroy 1818 Cretaceous Magasella hall 1870 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Cerebrate lla evansii Davidson 1852 Tert iary-Recent Maqella Thomson 1015 Terebratellacea King 1850 Magella carinata Thomson 1915 Tertiary-Recent Maqellania «ayle 1880 Terebratellacea King 1850 Terebratula australis 0joy8Gaimard 1834 Tertiary-Recent Magharithyris FaragRGatinaud 1 960 M ag h a r i t h y r i s triplicata FaragSGatinaud 1960 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Jurassic Magnicanalis Rowell 1 9 6 2 0 bolella mobergi Walcott 1901 Obolellacea Walcott&Schuchert 1908 Cambrian 116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Magnithyris Sahni 1925 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 l*agn iventra Harof rR«oucot 19 7 8 St ropheo dont area Caster 1939 Maanumbone l l a Carter 1968 Productacea Gray 1840 Majkopella M oisseiev 1°62 At hyridacea McCoy 1844 Makrid i nirhynchia Sueic-Protic 1969 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Mat ayanoplia Hamada 1969 Chonetacea D ronn 186? m alleia Thomson 1°27 Terebratel lacea king 1850 Malurostrophia Ca mo be l L5Ta l ent 1967 St rophornenacea king ’846 Maiu i rhync Hi a Chiplonker 1938 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Mametothyris Smirnova 1969 lobo i Jo t byridacea "alr id in 1964 Mammosum Gregorio 193 n Davidson i acea king 1850 Manithyris Foster 1974 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Manma Davidson 1874 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Mansina Andreeva 1977 Strophomenacea king 1846 Maorlelasma Waterhouse 1964 h i e l asmatacea Schuchert 1913 Maoristrophia Allan 1947 Strophomenacea king 1846 Marcharella Andreeva 1968 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Marg inalosia Waterhouse 19 78 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Margina t i a Mui r-WoohUoope r I960 Productacea Gray 1840 Margin ic inc tus Sutton 1938 Productacea Gray 1840 Marqinife ra Waagen 1884 Productacea Gray 1840 Marginirugus Sutton 1938 Productacea Gray 1840 Mar i annae U a Sapelnikov et al 1975 Stricklandiacea Schuchert8Cooper 1931 Marinurnula Waterhouse 1964 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Magnithyris nagna Sahni 1925 C retaceous Strophomena magniventra Hall 1857 0 e vo n l an Magnumbonella macrura Carter 1968 Mississippian Athyris uorobievi Moisseiev 1947 T r i a ss i c Mak rid ini rhynch ia makridini Sucic-Protic 1969 Jurassic Malayanop t ia deiriluna Hamada 1969 hevonian-Carboniferous T erebratella portlandica Chapman 1913 T e r t i a r y Malurost r ophia flabellicauda Campbel l8Talent Devonian Maiu i rhyn chia transversalis Chiplonker 1938 C retaceous Mamptothyris mametica Smirnova 1969 Cretaceous M a m m o s 11 m ipsum Gregorio 1930 Permian Mani thyr i s rossi Foster 1974 Recent Mannia nysti Dewalgue 1868 Tertiary Mansina uralica Andreeva 1977 Ordovician Maorielasma imperatum Waterhouse 1964 Permian Maoristrophia neozelanica Allan 1947 De vonian Marcharelta marchensis Andreeva 1968 Cambrian E china Ids ia kalikotei Waterhouse 1975 Permian Productus fernglenensis Weller 1909 Mississ ippian Productus marginicinctus Prout 1857 Mi ssissippian Marginifera typica Waaaen 1884 Permian Productus magnus MeekSWorthen 1862 Mississippian Clprindina koksengirens i s Borissiak 1975 Silurian Mar i numu la rugulata Waterhouse 1964 Pe rmian 1967 NUMBER 42 117 Marion i tes C oooe r RMui r-W oo d 1951 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Markitoechia Havlicek 1959 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 1848 Marklandella Harper ,Rouc ot S«la Ims l ey 1969 Enteletacea Waagen 1584 Martellia Wirth 1936 C l i t am bon i t a c ea WinchelL &Sc hue her t 1893 Martellisp i r i fer Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea Kinq 1^46 Mart in i a McCoy 1844 Beticulariacea Waagen 1883 Martin i elli GrabauRTien 19 31 R e t l c u l a r i a c e a Waagen 18 83 Mart in iops is Waagen 1883 Pet i cutariacea Waaqen 1883 Martinothyris Minato 1953 Ret i culariacea Waagen 18 83 Matutella Cooper 1951 Ri l l ingse l l acea Schuchert 1893 Mauisp i rifer Allan 194 7 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Maxi ll i rhynch i a Ruckman 1917 Rhyne honellacea Gray 184 8 Mceuanel la Foerste 1923 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Mclearnites Caster 1945 Strophomenaeea King 1846 Melearni tese l l a HarperRPoucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Medessia Andreeva 1960 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Mediospirifer Rublichenko 1956 Spiriferacea King 1846 Mediterranirhynchia Sucic-Protic 1969 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Meekella WhiteRSt.John 1867 Oerbyiacea Stehli 1954 Megachonetes Sokolskaia 1950 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Megakozlowskiella Boucot 1957 Spiriferacea King 1846 Meqalopterorhynchus Sartenaer 1965 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Megamyonia Wang 1949 Strophomenaeea King 1846 Meqanterella Q oucot 1959 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Marionella typa Bancroft 1928 Or dovic i an Uncinulus marki Havlicek 1956 Dev oni a n Marklandella giraldi Harper et al 1969 Si lurian Orthisina giraldii Martelli 1901 0 r dovic ia n Spirif,er verneui li Martelli 1902 Devonian Spirifer glaher Souerby 1820 Mississippian-Permian Martiniella r.asuta Grabau 1931 Carboni ferous Martiniopsis in f lata Waagen 1883 PennsyIvanian—Perm i an Terebratula lineata Sowerpy 1822 Mississippian Matutella clarki Cooper 1951 Cambrian Maui spirifer hectori Allan 1947 D e v oni a n Maxillirhynchia implicata Buckman 1917 J ura ssic Platystrophia fernvalensis McEuan 1919 Ordovi c ian Rrachyprion mertoni Mclearn 1924 Si lurian Mclearnites hickoxi HaroerRBpucot 1978 Si lunan-Devonian Medess ia uralica Andreeva 1960 Ordovician Delthyris medialis Hall 1843 Devonian Mediterranirhynchia mediterrana Sucic-Proti Jurassi c Plicatula stria toe ostata Cox 1857 Mi ssiss ippi an-Peririan Chonetes conpressa Sibly 1908 Devonian-Mississippian Spirifer per I aniel los us Hall 1857 Si luria n-t)e voni an Meqalopterorhynchus haynesi Sartenaer 1965 De vonia n Megamyonia knighti Wang 1949 Ordovic ian Meqanterella finksi Boucot 1959 D e v onia n 1969 118 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Neqanteris Suess 1855 St rinqocephalacea King 1850 Meg apleuronia Cooper 1952 Eichwaldiacea Schuc her t 1893 Meqasalopina ''one ot/Caur iS Johnson 1966 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Heqast eqps Waterhouse 19 75 Aulostegacea M uir-Wood8Cooper 1960 Megastrophia Caster 193Q Strophomen acea King 1846 Megastroph i e l l a Harper53oucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Megathiris Orbigny 1847 Terebrate l lacea Kinq 1850 M e g e r l i a King 1850 Terebr at e Uacea King 1850 Meqerlina n eslonqchamos 1884 Terebratellacea Kina 1850 Megousia Mui r-Wood&Cooper 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Megumatrypa Harper 1973 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Meifodia Williams 1951 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Kendacella Cooper 1930 Enteletacea waagen 1834 Mendat hyri s Cloud 1942 Strinqocephalacea Kang 1850 Hennespin fer l j as c henkq 1973 Spiriferacea King 1846 Mentzelia Quenstedt 1871 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Mentze l ioides haqys 1974 Sp i r i ferinacea Davidson 1884 Mentze l iopsis Trechmano 1918 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 Meonia Steinich 1963 Terebratu l acea Gray 1840 Merciella L am on 1 8 G i l b er t 194 5 Plecta mb onitacea Jones 1928 Merista Suess 1851 Athyririacea McCoy 1844 Meristella Hall 1860 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Meristina Hall 1867 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Meristoryama Carter 1974 Spiriferacea King 1846 Terebratula archiaci Verneui l 1850 d e voni an Productus fabianii Greco 1947 Permian h at manel l a elevata W i l l i amsSnreqer 1916 Devonian Megasteges nepalensis Waterhouse 1975 Permian S t r o p h eod on t a concava Hall 1857 Si lurian-Devonian Stropheodonta iddingsi Merriam 1940 D e vo ni a n Anomia detruncata Gmelin 1792 Cretaceous-Recent Anomia truncata ■Linne 17 67 Tertiary-Recent Kraussia laiarc kiana Davidson 1852 Tertiary-Recent Megousia auriculata Muir-Wood&Cooper 1960 Permian Mequmatrypa qlencoensis Harper 1973 Si lu ria n Hemithyris subundata McCoy 1851 Si luria n Orthis uberis Billings 1866 Ordovic ian-De vonian Rensselaeria ina mens is Williams 1900 heuoni an IJchtospirifer menneri Ljaschenko 1959 Devonian Spirifer medianus Quenstedt 1852 Triassic Mentzeliopsis meridialis Dagys 1963 T r i a ss i C Mentzeliopsis s pinosa Trechmann 1918 Tr ia ssic T e r e b r a t u l i n a semiglobul an s Posselt 1894 Cretaceous Leptella vesper L amont&G i 1 be r t 1945 0rdovician-Si lurian Terebratula her culea Barrande 1847 Si l uria n-Devonian A trypa laevis Vanuxem 1842 De vonian Meristella maria Hall 1863 Si lurian-Devoni an Meristorygma arctica Carter 1974 Pennsylvanian NUMBER 42 119 Meristospira Grabau 1910 Athyridacea McCoy 18 4 4 Meristospira michiganense Grabau 1910 De voni a n Merospirifer Reed 1949 R e t i c u l a r i a c e a Waaqen 1883 Wartinia insolita Reed 1949 Mississippi an Me so dalmanel la Havlicek 19 50 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Mesoda Imanel la flava Havlicek 1950 0 r do vic i a n Mesodouv i e11a Harper59oucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Mclearnites invasor Johnson 1970 De vonian M e sodouv i l l i na Williams 1950 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Stropheodonta sub i nterstriat i s Kozlowski Si lurian 1929 Mesoleptostrophia HaroerSBoucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Mesoleptostrophia kartalensis Ha r pe r RBo u c ot 1978 Ordovic ian-Devonian Me solissostrophia Williams 1950 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Lissostrophia pellucida Williams 1950 Silurian Mesolobus Dunbar8Condra 1932 Chonetacea ironn 186? Chonetes mesolobus KoruoodSPratten 1855 Pennsylvanian-Permian Mesononia Ulrich&Cooper 1936 Porambon i tacea Davidson 1853 Eoorthis iophon Walcott 1924 Cambrian-Ordovician Me sophol i dostroph i a Williams 1950 Strophomenacea King 1846 Pho l i dostroohia nitens Williams 1950 Si lurian Mesoplica Reed 1943 Productacea Gray 1840 Leptaena praelonga Souerb/ 1840 Devonian Mesotreta Kiitorqa 184? Uncertain S iphonotreta tentorium Kiitorqa 1848 0 r dovician Metabolipa Godefroid 1974 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Pentamerus greindli Maillieux 1909 Devonian Metacamarel l a Reed 1°17 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Stricklandinia balcletchiensis Davidson Ordovician 1 883 Metaplasia HallRClarke 1893 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Spirifer pyxidatus Hall 1859 hevonian Metorthis Wanq 1955 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Metorthis alata Wang 1955 Ordovician Metriolepis Coooer&Grant 1976 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 Metriolepis pulvinat a Cooper&Grant 1976 Permian Mezounia Havlicek 1967 PI ec t a mbon i t a c e a Jones 192 8 Strophomena bicuspis Bar randf 1879 Si lurian Miaohuanqrhynchus Yanq 1977 Rhynchonel Ucea Gray 184 8 M i a o h u a nq rh y n c h us unci nil l i f ornii s Yanq 1977 D e v o ni an Micelta Ovtsharenko 1976 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Gusarella makridini Pojhariskaja 1968 Jurassic Micidus Chatterton 1973 Strinqocephalacea King 1850 Micidus shandkyddi Chatterton 1973 Devonian Mickwitzia Schmidt 1888 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Lingula monilifera Linnarsson 1869 C ambrian Micraphelia CooperSGraot 1969 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Micraphelia scitula CooperRGrant 1 969 Permian Microcardinalia Poucot8Ehlers 1963 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Stricklandinia triplesiana Foerste 1890 Si lurian 120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Micro# i t rs 'leek 1873 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Microrh ync hi a Muir-Uooi 1952 Rhynchoneltacea Gray 1848 Microsphaeridiorhynchiis Sartenaer 1970 Phynchonel Ucea Gray 184 8 Microthyridina 8chuchert&LeVene 1929 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Microtrypa Wilson 1945 Strophomenacea King 1846 MillythyriS Almeras 1971 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Mimaria CoooerSGrant 1976 Dielasnatacea Schuchert 1913 Mimatrypa Struve 1964 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Mimella Cooper 1930 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Minatothyris Va nd e r c a mm e n 1957 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Miniplanus Waterhouse 2. Piyasin 1970 Davidson i acea King 1850 Miniprokopia Havlicek 1971 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Minororthis Ivanov 1950 Uncertain Minutilla Crick may 1967 Spiriferacea Kina 1846 MinutOStrophendonta Harper88ouCot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Miogryphus Hertlein f .Grant 1944 Terebratellacea King 1850 Mirantesia Mohanti 197? Rhynchone l l acea Gray 184 8 Mirifusella Carter 1971 Spiriferacea King 1846 Mirisquamea Sucic-Protic 1971 loboidothyr idacea Makridin 1964 Mirtellaspirifer Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea King 1846 Misolia Seidlitz 1913 Athyrisinacea Grabau 1931 Miyakothyris Hatai 1938 Terebratellacea King 1850 Mjoesina Sojeldnaes 1957 S t r o p h om e n a c e a King 1846 Moberqia Redlich 1899 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1823 Iphidea sculptilis Meek 1873 Cambrian "icrorhynchia barnackensis M u ir-Wood 1952 J u r a ss i c Rhynchonella l i tc h f i e l de n s i s Schuchert 1903 Si l uri a n-De voni an Terebratulites lagenalis Schlotheim 1820 J u ra s s i c Microtrypa altilis Wilson 1945 Ordovician MillythyriS millyensis Almeras 1971 J u r a ss i c Oielasma lepton Gemmellaro 1894 Pe rmian Terebratu la nrisca Roemer 1844 D e v o n i an Pionodema globosa Willard 1928 Ordovician Spirifer euryglossus Schnur 1851 Devoni an "ini planus minu ta WaterhouseSPiyas in 1970 Permian Miniprokopia miniconcha Havlicek 1971 Devonian Minororthis nalivkini Ivanov 19S0 0 r do vi c i an Acutatheca layeri Crickmay 1967 Devonian leptaena subtransversa Schnur 1853 Devonian Mioqryphus willetti Hertle i n8Grant 1944 Tertiary Mirantesia mirantana Mohan ti 1972 Devonian Mirifusella for tunat a Carter 1971 Mississ ipoian Lobothyris punctata Ager 1956 Jurassi c Spirifer martel li i Grabau 1931 Deuonian Misolia misolica Seidlitz 1913 T r i a s s i c Nipoonithyris subovata Hatai 1936 Tertiary Rafinesquina mjoesensis Holtedahl 1716 Ordovi cian Moberqia qranulata Redlich 1899 Cambrian NUMBER 42 121 Modestella Owen 1961 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Moeschia Roullier 1976 Terebratulacea Gray 1340 Moqoktella Andreeva 1963 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Moisseevia Makridin 1°64 Terebratulacea Gray 1^40 Moisseievia Dagys 1963 Rhynchonellacca Gray 1848 Molongella Savage 1974 Oalmanel lacea Schuchert 1913 Molongia Mitchell 1921 Athyrisinacea Grabau 1931 Monadotoechia Havlicek I960 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Monelasmina Cooper 1955 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Mongolella Alekseeva 1976 Monqo l e l lacea Alekseeva 1976 Mongol ie l la Ischnazarov 1972 Productacea Gray 1840 Monqolina Grahaii 1931 Dielasnatacea Schuchert 1713 Monqoliopsis Grunt 1977 Deltbyridacea Phillips 1841 Mongolirhynchia HouRZhao 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Monqolosia 'la na n k o v R Pa v l o v a 1976 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Mongolospira Alekseeva 1977 Retziacea Waagen 1 8?3 Monobotina Salter 1866 Lingulacea Menke 1823 Monoconvexa Pelman 1977 Obolellacea Wa l co11RSchuchert 1908 Monomerella Billings 1871 T rimerel lacea DavidsonRa Xu 1977 P l i ca noplitacea Xu 1977 Parap l i ca noplia nana Xu 1977 Devoni an Parapugnax Schmidt 1964 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Parapugnax brecciae Schmidt 1964 Devoni an Parapulchratia Chan 1979 Productacea Gray 1843 Productus pustulosus kayser 1883 Permian Pararet'cularia Lee&Gu 1976 Reticu la riacea Waagen 18 83 Parareticularia spiriferifornis Lee8Gu 1976 Permian Pararh i pid i urn BoucotftJohnson 1979 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Pentamerus fenu istriatus Lindstrom 1880 Si l u ri a n Paraschizophpria Lazarev 1976 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Schizophoria uoodi fond 1941 De voni an Paraspirifer Wedekind 1926 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Spirifer cultrijugatus Roemer 1844 Devoni an Paraspirif erina Reed 1944 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 Spiriferina ghundiensis Reed 1944 Permian Parastringocephalns Struve 1965 Stringocephalacea king 1853 S t r y q oc ep ha l ii s dorsalis A r c h i a c 8 Ve rn eu i l 1842 Devoni an Parastrophina Schuchert8leVene 1929 Porambonitacea Davidson 1353 Atrypa hemiplicata Hall 1847 0 r dovic i an Parastroph i ne1la Sc hue hertSCooper 1931 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Pentamerus reversus Billings 1357 Ordovician-Si lurian Parastrophonella Publichenko 1956 Strophomenacea king 1846 Strophomena anaglypha Kayser 1871 Devonian Paratetratomia Yang 1977 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Paratetra tomia xiangzhonensis Yang 197 7 Devoni an Parathecidea Backhaus 1959 Theeideacea Gray 1843 Thecidea h i erog l yphica Goldfuss 1840 Cretaceous Parathyr id ina Schuchert8LeVene 1929 Terebratulace a Gray 1840 Parsthyris olicatoides Douville 1916 J u ra ss i c Parathyrisina Wang 1974 Athyrisinacea Grabau 1931 Parathyrisina bella Wang 1974 Devonian NUMBER 42 135 Paratreta Biemat 197 3 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Paratreta similis Biernat 1973 Ordovician Parazyga HallRClarke 1893 Retziacea Waagen 1883 Parenteletes Kinq 1931 Enteletacea Waagen 1384 Parmorthina Havlicek 1975 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Parmorthis SchuchertSCooper 1931 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Paromoeopyqua Sartenaer 1968 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Paruncinella Waterhouse8Gupta 1978 Retziacea Waaqen 1883 Pa r v i r hy n c hi a Buckman 1 o 1 7 R hync hone l l ac ea Gray 184 8 Paryphorhynchopora Simorin 1956 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Patagorhynchia Allan 1938 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Paterina Beecher 1891 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Atrypa hirsuta Hall 1857 D e v o ni an Parenteletes cooperi King 1931 Pennsylvanian-Permian Parmorthis pragensi5 Havlicek 1956 Si l u ria h Orthis elegantula Dalman 1828 Si luri an Paromoeopyqma bell i castellana Sartenaer 1968 0 e voni an Uncinella middlemissi Diener 1915 Mi ssiss ippian Rhynchonella parvula Des l ongchamps 1862 J u ra ss i c Puqnoides korsakpaica Malivkin 1937 Devoni an-Carboni ferous Rhynchonella patagonica Ihering 1903 T e r t i a r y Obolus labradoricus Billings 1861 Cambrian Paterorthis Havlicek 1971 Orthacea Woodward 1°-52 Paterula Parrande 187P Lingulacea Menke 1828 Paucicoste l la Cooper 1956 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Paterorthis paterina Havlicek 1971 0 r dovic i a n Paterula bohemica Barrande 1879 0 r dovic i a n p aucicoste l la canadensis Cooper 1956 Ordovic ian Paucicrura Cooper 1956 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Paucispinifer a Muir-Wood&Cooper 1960 Product acea Gray 1840 Paucistrophia Wang&Zhu 1979 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Orthis rogata Sardeson 1892 Ordovician Paucispin if era aurieulata Muir-Wood&Cooper 1960 Permian Radiomena concinnusa Wang&Wu 1974 h e v oni a n Paulonia Nalivkin 1925 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Paurogastroderhynchus Sartenaer 1970 R hy n c hon e l l ac ea Gray 184 8 Paurorhyncha Cooper 1942 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Paurorthina Rubel 1961 Enteletacea waagen 1884 Paurorthis SchuchertUooper 1931 Enteletacea Waagen 1384 Payuella Grabau 1934 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Pectorhyncha Mclearn 1918 Rhy n c hon el l a c ea Gray 184 8 Spirifer ranovensis Peetz 1893 Mississ ippian Cam arotoechia nalivkini Abramian 195 7 Devonia n Rhynchonella endlichi Meek 1875 Devonian Paurorthina resima Rubel 1961 Ordovic ian 0rthambon i tes parva Pander 1830 Ordovic ian Payuella obscura Grabau 1934 Permian Atrypa obtusipl i cata Hall 1852 Si lu ria n 136 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Pecu Ineithyris Smirnova 19 7? PecuLne i thyr i s longinsci/lus Smirnova 197? lo bo i do t h y r i d a c e a Makridin 1964 Cretaceous Peetzatrypa 9 z o n s n i t z k a ) a 1975 f'entatrypa t s c h umy s c he ns i s R z o n s n i t z k a } a 1968 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Devonian Pegmarbynch i a Cooper 1 95 5 Peqmarhynchia zimmi Cooper 1955 Rhynchonetlacea Gray 1848 Devonian Peqmathyris Hatai 1 938 Dallina miyatokoens i s Hatai 19 36 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Tertiary Pegmatreta Bell 1941 Pegnatreta perplexa Bell 1941 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Cambrian Pelagodiscus Dali 1908 Discinacea Gray 1840 Peleicostella Havlicek 1971 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Pelonomia Cooper 1956 Plecta mb onitacea Jones 1928 Pembrostrophia Bassett 1971 Strophomenacea King 1846 Peniculaur i s Muir-Wood?Cooper I960 Productacea Gray 1840 Pennospiri *er i na Dagys 196 5 Spirifer inacea Davidson 1884 Pentactinella Bittner 1890 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Pentaqonia Cozzens 1846 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Pentamerella Hall 1867 Pentameracea ''cCoy 1844 Pfntamerifera Khodalevich 1939 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Pentameroides S c hu c h e r t 8C o op e r 1931 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Pentamerus Souerby 181? Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Pentlande l la Poucot 1964 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Pentlandina Bancroft 1949 Strophomenacea King 1846 Penzhinotbyris Smirnova 1969 Loboidothyridacea Makridin 1964 Perakia Hamada 1969 Rhyncbonellacea Gray 1848 Perditocardinia SchuchertSCooper 1931 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Pereqrinetla Oehlert 1887 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Peregrinelloidea Dagys 1968 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Discina atlantica King 1868 Recent Spirifer peleus Barrande 1879 De voni an Orthis delica.tula i l l i i qs 1865 0 r do vi c i a n Amphistropbia freshwaterensis Bassett 1971 Si lurian Productus ivesi King 1931 Permian Pennospiriferina popovi Dagys 1965 T r i a ss i c Terebratula auinquecostat a Munster 184 1 Triassic Pentagonia peer sii Cozzens 1846 Devonian Atrypa arata Conrad 1841 Devonian Pentamerus taltiensis Tschernyschew 1893 Si lurian Pentamerus oblonqus HallSClarke 1893 Si lurian Pentamerus oblonqus Soueroy 1839 Si lurian Rhyne hone l la pentlandica Haswell 186 5 Si lurian Strophomena parva Bancroft 1949 Si lurian Penzhi nothyris plana Smirnova 1969 Cretaceous Perakia undutata Hamada 1969 D e v o nia n Orthis dubia Hall 1858 Mississ ippian-Permian Terebratula pereqrina Buch 1835 Cretaceous Peregrine l loidea malkovi Dagys 1968 J ti r a ss i c NUMBER 42 137 Periallus Hoover 1079 Dallinacea Reecher 1893 Perichonetes Xu 1979 Chonetacea Rronn 186? Peridalejina Havlicek 1973 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 P e r i ge y e r e l l a Wang 19S5 Davidsoniacea King 1850 Perimecocoe l i a Cooper 1956 Porambon i tacea Davidson 1853 Perissothy ris Carter 1967 Spiriferacea King 1846 Peritritoe chi 3 Xu/RonqSLiu 1974 Clitambonitacea Winchell&Schuchert 1893 Permianella HeSZhu 1979 Perm ianel l acea HeSZhu 19 79 Permicola Koczyrkevicz 1976 I>i el asmat acea Schuchert 1913 Permochonetes Afanasjeva 1977 Chonetacea Rronn 1862 Permophricodothyris Pavlova 1965 Reticut a riacea Waagen 18 83 Permorthotetes Thomas 1958 Davidsoniacea King 1850 Permospirifer Kulikov 1950 Spiriferacea King 1846 Permundaria Nakamura r Kat 08 Choi 1970 Productacea Gray 1840 Perrierithyris Almeras 1971 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Peshiatrypa Xian 1978 fltrypacea Gill 1871 Pesterevatrypa Rzonsnitzkaja 1975 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Petasmaia CooperSGrant 1969 Lyttoniacea Uaagen 1883 Petasmat herus CooperSGrant 1969 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Petria Mendes 1961 D i e l asmatacea Schuchert 1913 Petrocrania Raymond 1911 Craniacea Menke 1828 Petroria Wilson 1926 PI e c t am b on i t a c e a Jones 192 8 Pexidella Rittner 1890 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Phapsirhynchia Pajaud 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Periallus uoodsidensis Hoover 1979 T r i a ss i c Perichone tes mirabilis Xu 1979 De voni an Dalejina periens Havlicek 1956 D e v o ni an Periqeyer el la c ostellata Wang 1955 Permian Perimecocoelia semicostata Cooper 1956 Ordovician Perissothyris masonensis Carter 1967 M i s's i s s i pp i a n Peritr 1 1oechia imbricatia Xu»Rong&Liu 1974 0 r do v i c i a n Permianella typica HeSZhii 1979 Permian Permicola plicatus Koczyrkevicz 1976 Permian Permochonetes pamiricus Afanasjeva 1977 Permian Permophricodothyris ovata Pavlova 1965 Permian Rermorthotetes ca l lyt har rensis Thomas 1958 Pe rmian Spirifer keyserlingi Netschajeu 1911 Permian Permundaria asiatica Nakamura et al 1970 Permian T erebratula dorsoplicata Deslonqchaups 1856 J u r a ss i c Atrypa oeshiensis Grabau 1931 D e vo ni an Pestereva trypa malos atai rica Pzonsni tzkaj a 1975 De voni an Petasmaia expansa CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Petasmathecus opulus CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Waldheimia coutinhoana Derby 1874 Pennsylvanian Craniella meduanensis Oehlert 1888 Ordovician-P e rmian Petroria rugosa Wilson 1926 Ordovic ian Spirifer strohmayeri Suess 1855 T ria ss i c Phapsirhynchia sanct apaulensis Pajaud 1976 Tertiary 138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Pharcidodiscus Roberts 19 7 6 Product acea Gray 1843 Pharetra Bolten 1798 Linqulacea M enke 1828 Philhedra Koken 1889 Craniacea Menke 1828 Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929 Craniacea Menke 182® Ph logo i derhynchus Sartenaer 1970 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Phoenicitoechia Havlicek 1950 Rhynchon ellacea Gray 184 8 Pholidostrophia HallSClarke 1892 Strophomenacea King 1846 Phragmophora Cooper 1955 Enteleta cea Waagen 18 84 Phragmorthis Cooper 1956 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Phragmostroph i a Harper et al 1967 Strophomenacea King 1846 Phragmothyris Cooper 1955 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Phrenophoria CooperRGrant 1969 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Phricodothyris George 1932 R e t i c ii l a r i a c e a Waagen 18 83 Phyuatothyris Cooper8Muir-Wood 1951 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Physemella Godefroid 1974 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Physetorhyncha Sartenaer8Rozman 1968 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Physotreta Rowell 1966 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Piarorhynche l l a Dagys 1974 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 P i arorhynch i a Buckman 1917 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Piarothyris Sahni 1925 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Pictothyris Thomson 1927 Terebratellacea King 1850 Pina*iothyris haqys 1968 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Pinghuanqe l l a Jiang 1978 Spiriferacea King 1846 Pharcidod i scus boutderensis Roberts 1976 Carboniferous Pharetra monoculoides Bolten 1798 Ordovician-Recent Philhedra baltica Koken 1889 Ordovician-Carboniferous Philhedra mi met ica Kozlowski 192 9 Silurian Uncinulus arefactus Veevers 1959 0 e vonian Terebratula phoenix Barrande 1847 n e v oni an Strophomena nacrea Hall 1857 Si lurian-Devom an Phraqmophora schnuri Cooper 1955 Oevoni an Phragmorthis buttsi Cooper 1956 Ordovician Phragmostrophia merriami Harper et al 1967 De vonian P h r a g m o t h y r i s ctibensis Cooper 1955 Tertiary Phrenophoria subcarinata CoooerSGrant 1969 Permian P hr i c o do t hy r i s lucerna George 1932 Mississippian-Permian Palasiella kerkyraea Reiz 1932 J u r a ss i c Physemella maillieuxi Godefroid 1974 De voni an Pugnax biloba Rozman 1960 Devonian Acrotreta spinosa Walcott 1905 Cambrian Piarorhynchel la mangyshlakensis Dagys 1974 T riassic Rhynchonella lineata Davidson 1878 Triassic-Jurassic Piarothyris rotunda Sahni 1925 Cretaceous Anomia picta Dillwyn 1817 Tertiary-Recent Pinaxiothyris campestris Dagys 1968 Jurassic Pinqhuanqella bi sulcata Jiang 1978 Devonian Pinguaella Boucot8johnson 1979 Rhipidium pingue Amsden 1949 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Silurian NUMBER 42 139 Pinguispir i fer Havlicek 1957 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Spirifer infirmus Rarrande 1879 De vonian Pionodema Foerste 1912 Enteletacea Waaqen 1834 Orthis subaequa ta Conrad 1843 Ordovic ian Pionomena Cooper 1956 Strophomenacea King 1846 Pionomena neumani Cooper 1956 Ordovician Pionorthis SchuchertSCoope r 1931 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Orthis sola Billings 1866 0 rdovic ian Pirgulia Coop er 8Mu i r-Woo d 1951 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Lyttonia pedicula Gregorio 1930 Permian Pirothyris Thomson 1927 Terebratellacea King 1850 Magasella vercoi Blochmann 1910 Recent Pirotothyris Sucic-Protic 1971 loboidothyridacea ^akridin 1964 Pirotothyris fortis Sucic-Protic 1971 J u r a ss i c Pisirhynchia Puckman 1917 Rhynchone l lacea Gray 184 8 Rhynchonella pisoides Zittel 1869 Jurassic Pizarroa Hoe k 1912 Lingulacea Henke 1828 Pizarroa quichuana Hoek 1912 0 rdovic ian Placothyris Westphal 1970 Terebrat ulacea Gray 1840 Terebratula rollieri Haas 1893 Jurassic Placotrip l esia 4msden 1968 Triplesiacea Schuchert 1913 Triplesia praecipta Ulrich8Cooper Si lurian 19 36 Plaesiomys Hall8Clarke 1892 Orthacea Woodward 1352 Orthis subouadrata Hall 1847 Ordovic ian PI ag iorhyncha HcLearn 1918 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Phynchonella glassii Davidson 1883 Si lurian Planalvus Carter 1971 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Planalvus gibberosa Carter 1971 Mississippian Planatrypa Copper 1°67 A t ry pacea Gill 187 1 Atrypa petasa Copper 1967 Pe vonian Planatrypa Struve 1966 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Atrypa cotlega Struve 1966 De vonia n Planicardinia Savaqe 1968 Dalmanellacea Schuchert 1913 P lanicard inia carroti Savaqe 1968 De vonia n Planidorsa Schuchert8Cooper 1931 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Planidorsa bellu Schuchert8Cooper Ordovician 19 31 P l anirhynchia Sucic-Protic 1969 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 1848 PI an i rhynchi a tantilla Sucic-Proti Jurassic c 1969 Planispina Stehli 1954 Stropha losiacea Schuchert 1913 Planispina conida Stehli 1954 Permian Ptanodouvi1lina HarperSBoucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 P l anoharknesse l l a Havlicek 1950 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Planoproductus Stainbrook 1947 Productacea Gray 1840 Planowatirostrum Sartenaer 1970 R hy n c hon el l a c ea Gray 184 8 Planodouv i llina cortezi HarperSBoucot 1978 h ei/oni a n Planoharknessel la planidorsa Havlicek 1950 Or dovic ian Productella h i l l sb oroens i s kindle 19 09 Devonian liorhynchus planoovalis Nalivkin 1937 Devonian 140 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY P t at i d i a Costa 1852 Terebratellacca King 1850 Platyconcha Waterhouse 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Platyglossariorhynchus Sartenaer 1970 Rhyochonetlacea Gray 1848 Platymena Cooper 1956 Strophonenacea King 1846 Platymerel la Foerste 1909 Pen t ame r a c e a McCoy 1844 Platyorthis Schuehert8 Cood er 1931 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Platyrache l l a Fenton8Fenton 1924 Spirifpracea King 1*46 Platyselma Gordon 1966 Productacea Gray 1340 Platyspirifer Grabau 1931 Spiriferacea King 1846 Platystrophia King 1850 Orthacea Woodward 1352 P( a ty t erorhyn chiis Sartenaer 1970 Rhynchone U acea Gray 1848 Platythyris Middlemiss 1959 Terebratulacea Gray 1340 Platytoechia Neuman 1964 Clitam bonitacea Winche118Schue hert 1893 Play fa u i a Peed 1917 Strophomenacea King 1846 P l e be j oc h o ne t es Bouc ot 3 H a r pe r 1968 Chonetacea Q ronn 1862 Plectambon i tes Pander 1330 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Plectatrypa SchuchertRCooper 1930 A t rypace a Gill 1871 Plectelasma CooperSGrant 1969 0ielasmatacea Sc hue hert 1913 Plectella lamansky 1905 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Plectocamara Cooper 1956 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Plectoconcha Cooper 1942 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Plectodonta Kozlowski 1929 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Plecto dontella Havlicek 1953 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Plectoglossa Cooper 1956 Lingulacea 'Aenke 1828 Orthis anomioides ScacchiSPhilippi 1344 Tertiary-Recent Platyconcha grandis Waterhouse 1975 Permian Pugnax oroteus Torley 1934 Devonian Platymena plana Cooper 1956 Or do vic i an Platymerella manniensis Foerste 1909 Si lu ria n Orthis planoconvexa Hall 1859 Si l u r i a n-D e v o n i a n Spirifera maebridei Calvin 1883 hevoni an Platyselma echinatum Gordon 1966 Mississippian Schizophoria paronai Martelli 1902 Oevonian Terebratu l ites biforatus Schlotheim 1320 Ordovic ian-Si lurian leiorhync hus russelli McLaren 1962 Devonian Platythyris comptonensis Middlemiss 1959 C retaceous Platytoechia boucoti Neuman 1964 Ordovician Strophomena deltoidea Conrad 1839 Ordovician Chonetes plebejus Schnur 1853 Devonian Plectambonites planissima Pander 1830 Ordovic i an Terebratula imbricata Souerby 1839 Ordovic ian-Si lurian Plectelasma kingi CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Plectambonites uncinata Pander 1830 Ordovic ian Plectocamara costata Cooper 1956 Ordovic ian Rhynchonella aequiplicata Gabb 1864 T r i a ss i c Plectodonta mariae Koz lows k i 1929 Silurian-Devonian Plectodontella redunca Havlicek 1953 Devonian Plectoglossa oklahomensis Cooper 1956 Ordovi c ian NUMBER 42 141 Plectoidothyris Buckman 1917 Terebratulacea Bray 184 0 P l e c t o r h y n c he 11 a Cooper ftMu i r-Wood 1951 R h y n c h on e l l ac ea Gray 184 8 Plectorthis HallSClarke 1892 Orthacea Woodward 188? Plectospira Cooper 194? Retziacea Waaqen 1883 P l ectospirifer Grabau 1931 Spiriferacea King 1846 P l ectothyrella Temple 1 Q 65 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Plectothyris Buckman 1917 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Plectotreta l) l r i c h 8C oope r 1936 Triplesiacea Schuchert 1913 P l ectotrophi a U l r i ch&Cooper 1936 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Pleiopleurina Schmidt 1964 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Plekonella Campbell 1953 R h y n c ho n e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Plesicarinatina Wizens 1977 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Plesiothyris Douville 1879 Zeilleriacea Allan 1°40 P lethorhyncha HallSClarke 1893 R hyn c hone l l ac ea Gray 184 8 Pleurelasma CooperSGrant 1976 D i e l asmatacea Schuchert 1913 Pleurochonetes Isaacson 1977 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Pleurocornu Havlicek 1961 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Pteurodium Wang 1955 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 P l eurohorr i donia Dunbar 1955 Productacea Gray 1840 Pleuropugnoides Ferguson 1966 Rhynchone l l acea Gray 1848 Pleurorthis Cooper 1956 Orthacea Woodward 1852 P leurothyrella Boucot et al 1963 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Plicanoplia Boucot&Harper 1968 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 P l icanop l ites Havlicek 197 4 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Terebratula polyplecta Buckman 1901 J ura ssi c Athyris collinensis Freeh 1902 D e vo n i an Orthis plicatella Hall 1847 Ordovician Terebratula ferita Buch 1834 D e vonia n Spirifer heimi Grabau 1931 De voni an P l e c t o t h y re l l a p l a t y s t r o ph o i d e s Temple 1965 0 r do vicia n Terebratula fimbria Sowerby 1822 J u ra ss i c Plectotreta lindstroemi UlrichSCooper 1936 Si lu ria n P l e c t o t r o ph i a bridqei U l r i c h S C oo pe r 1936 Cambrian Atrypa oleiopleura Conrad 1841 Devonian Plekonella acuta Campbell 1953 Pennsylvanian-Permian Plectatr/pa carpulenta Breivel 1959 De voni an Terebratula verneuili Deslongchamps 1863 J u ra ss i c Rhynchonella speciosa Hall 1856 Devonian Pleurelasma costatum Cooper&Grant 1976 Permian Chonetes lauriata Isaacson 1977 Devoni an Rhynchonella amissa Barrande 1879 Si lurian Conchidium tenu ip l ic at us Grabau 1925 Si lurian Pleurohorridonia scoresbyensis Dunbar 1955 Permian Terebratula pleurodon Phillips 1836 Ca rboniferous Pleurorthis fascicoste l 1 ata Cooper 195 6 Ordovician Scaph i ocoetia africana Reed 1906 Devonian Chonetes fornacula Dunbar 1920 Devonian Plicanoplia peculiaris Havlicek 1973 Devonian 142 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Plicarostrum °urri 1953 Phynchonellacea Gray 1848 Plicathyris Khalfin 1946 Athyridscea McCoy 1844 Plicatifera Chao 1927 Productacea Gray 1843 Plicatocyrtia Gauri Id 6 5 Spiriferacea King 1846 P l icatoderby a Thomas 1987 Pauidsoniacea Kinq 1850 Plicatolinqula Liu 1979 Lingulacea M enke 1828 P l icatosyr i n* Minato 1952 Spiriferacea King 1846 P l i c i r h y n c h i a Allan 1 <74 7 R h y n c hon e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 P l icochonetes Paeckelmann 1950 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Plicocoelina PoucotiJohnson 1966 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Plicocyrtia floucot 1965 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Plicocyrtina Havlicek 1°56 Suessiacea Waagen 1883 Plicodevonaria PoucotSHa rper 1968 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Pticogypa Rz on s n i t z k a j a 1975 Pentameracea ''c Coy 1844 Plicoplasia Roucot 195° Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 P l icoproductus Ljaschenko 1969 Productacea Gray 1840 P l icostr i ck l and i a 9oucotREhlers 1963 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Plicostropheodonta Sokolskaja 1960 Strophonenacea King 1846 P l icotoryn i fer Abra movRSolonina 1970 R e t i c u l a r i a c e a Waagen 1883 P l i onoptycherhynchus Sartenaer 1979 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Pocockia Lazarev 1976 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Podolella Kozlouski 1929 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Podtsheremia Kalashnikov 1966 Spiriferacea King 1846 Poikilosakos Watson 1917 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Plicarostrum hauteriviense Burri 1953 Cretaceous Athyris sibirica Khalfin 1940 n e v o n i a n Productus plicatilis Souerby 1824 Mississippian Spirifer zitteli Schellvien 1892 Penn syl vanian Orthotete s ma gnus Branson 1930 Permian Plicatolinqula caelata Liu 1979 C a mb hia n Plicatosyrinx sinqulare M inato 1952 Mississippian Rhynchonella plicigera Ihering 1897 T e rt i a r y Chonetes buchianus KoninCk 1843 Carboni ferous Pentamerus occidentalis Hall 1852 Si lu ria n Cyrtia petasus Barrande 1848 Silurian Cyrtina sinuplicata Havlicek 1956 Devonian Orthis m i nu t a Buch 1836 Devonian Pentamerus kayseri Peetz 1901 D e v o ni an Plicoplasia cooperi Boucot 1959 Devonian Productel la mosolovica Ljaschenko 1958 h e v oni an Stricklandia multilirata Whitfield 1878 Si lurian Orthis murchisom l/e r n eu i l R A r c h i a c 184 2 Devonian P l icotoryn i fer snjatkovi Abramov 1970 Pennsylvanian Plionoptycherhynchus exformosus Sartenaer D e vonia n At rypa gibbera Portlock 1843 Mississippian Podolella rensselaeroides Kozlouski 1929 De vonia n Podtsheremia prima Kalashnikov 1966 Mississ ippian Poikilosakos petaloides Watson 1917 Pennsylvanian-Permian 1979 NUMBER 42 143 Pol ymorpharia C ooperUirant 19?5 Productacea Gray 1840 Polytoechia Hall&Clarke 1892 Clitambonitacea Winche11RSchue hert 1893 Pomatosoirella Bittner 1892 Un ee r t ain Pomatotrema U l r i ch5Cooper 1932 Clitambonitacea Wi nche11&Schue hert 1893 Polymorpharia polymorpha CooperSGrant 1975 Permian Hemipronites apicalis Whitfield 1886 0 rdovic ian Spirigera thecidium Bittner 1892 T ria ss i c Pomatotrema muralis UlrichSCooper 1932 Ordovician Pomeromena Mitchell 1°77 St.rophomenacea King 1846 Pomeromena transversa Mitchell 1977 0 r do vic i an Pompeckium Havlicek 1970 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Pondospirifer Waterhouse 1978 Spiriferacea King 1846 Pontielasma MaterhonsetPiyasin 1970 Cryptonellacea Thomson 1926 Pontisia CooperSGrant 1969 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Porambonites Pander 1830 Pora mb onitacea Davidson 1853 Orthis kuthani Pompeckj 1896 C a mb ria n Pondospirife r magnificus Waterhouse 1978 Permian Pontielasma praeundatum Wat erhouseSP iyasin 19 70 Permian Pontisia stehlii CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Porambonites internedia Pander 1830 Ordovician-Si lurian Porambonitoides Xu 1978 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Hemiprooites hupeihensis Wang 1955 Ordovician Poramborthis Havlicek 1949 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Poramborthis klouceki Havlicek 1949 Ordovician Porostictia Cooper 1955 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Portneufia Hoover 1970 Di el asmatacea Schuchert 1913 Portranella Wriqht 1964 Orthacea Woodward 185? Paraphorhynchus perchaensis Stainbrook 1947 Devonian Portneufia episnlcat a Hoover 1979 T ria ss i c Portranella angulocostellata Wright 1964 Ordovician Postepithyris Makridin 1960 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Pradoia Comte 1938 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Praecubanothyris Daqys 1974 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Praecyc lothyris Makridin 1955 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Praeqnantenia Havlicek 1961 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Praehorr i donia Ustritsky 1962 Productacea Gray 1840 Praelacazella Smirnova 1969 Thecideacea Gray 1840 Prae l acunose11a Wisniewska 1978 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Terebratula cincta Cotteau 1857 Jurassic Terebratula torenoi Ve rn eu i l S A r c h i a c 184 5 Devonian Praecubanothyris obtusus n a qys 1974 T r i a ss i c Rhynchonella moeschi Makridin 1952 J u r a ss i c Terebratula praegnans Barrande 1847 Devonian Praehorridonia dorsoplicata Ustritsky 1962 P e r m i an Thecidium valangiense Loriol 1868 Cretaceous Praela cunose 11a substephani Wisniewska-2e l ich, Jurassic 1 978 144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Praelonqithyris Middlemiss 1959 Terebratulacea Gray 1*0 Praeneothyris Katz 1962 Terebrateltacea Kinq 1850 Praewaagenoconcha Sokolskaja 1948 Productacea Gray 1840 Prantllna Havlicek 1949 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Primorewia LuharewSa Gray 184 8 Remnevitoechia pseudogurjevskensis Gratsianova 1970 Devonian Renaudia Racheboeuf 1976 Chone tac ea °ronn 186? Eodevonaria mainensis Racheboeuf 1976 D e v o nian Rensselaeria Hall 1859 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Terebratula ovoides Eaton 1832 Devonian Rensselaerina "unbar 1917 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Rensselaerina medioplicata Dunbar 1917 De vo ni a n Rensse landia Hall 186 7 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Rensselaeria johanm Hall 1867 Devonian Resserella Pancroft 1928 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Orthis canalis Sowerby 1839 Si lu ria n Retaria Kui r-UondUooper 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Retaria imbonata Muir-UoodSCooper I960 Pennsyl vaman-Pernian Retichonetes Muir-Wood 1962 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Chonetes arnatus Bouchard-Chantereaux Devonian-Mi 5 s issippian 1845 Reticularia McCoy 1844 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Terebratula imbricata Souerby 1322 Mississippian R e t i c u l a r i i na Fredericks 1916 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 Spirifer spinosus NorwoodSPratten 1855 MississippianSPermian Reticulariopsis Fredericks 1916 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Spirifer derein si Oehlert 1901 D e v o ni an Reticulatia Muir-WooddCooper 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Productus huecoensis King 1931 Pennsylvanian-Permian Reticulatochonetes Publichenko 1956 Chonetacea Dronn 1862 R et i c u l a t oc h one te s lautus Publichenko Mississippian 1956 Reticulatrypa lavage 1970 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Ret icu l at ry pa fa i rhi llensis Savage 1970 Silurian-Devonian NUMBER 42 153 Retimarqinifera Waterhouse 1970 Productacea Ora/ 1840 Retrorsirostra Schuchert8Cooper 1971 Orthacea Woodward 185? Retzia King 1850 Retziacea Waaqen 1887 Retziella Nikiforova 1937 Retziacea Waagen 1883 Retzispirifer Kulkov I960 Spiriferacea King 1846 Reuschella Bancroft 1°28 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Reveroides Sapelnikov 1976 Pentaueracea McCoy 1844 Rhactomena Mitchell 1977 Strophomenacea King 1846 Rhactorhynch i a Puckman 1917 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Rhactorthis Williams 1963 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Rhaetina Waaqen 1882 Dielasm atacea S chuchert 1913 Rhaetinopsis YangtXu 1966 Pielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Rhamnaria m u -j r - Wood 8 C o o p er 1960 Aulostegacea ’i u i r-Wood8C ooper 1960 R h a p i d o t h y r i s Tulnweit 196 5 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Rhenorensselaeria Keqel 1913 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Rhenospirifer Mittmeyer 1972 Spiriferacea King 1846 Rhenostrophia Boucot 1960 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Rhenothyris Struve 1970 R e t i c u l a r i a c e a Waagen 18 83 Rhipidium S c huc he r t&C oo pe r 1931 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Rhipidomella Oehlert 1890 Rhipidomellacea Schuchert 1913 Rhipidonel loides Boucot&Amsden 1958 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Rhipidomena Cooper 1956 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Rhipidothyris Cooper8Wi l l iams 1935 Str i nqocephalacea Kinq 1850 Rhizothyris Thomson 1915 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Retima rqinife ra perforata Waterhouse 197 0 Permian Orthis carleyi Hall 1847 Ordovician Terebratu la adrieni Verneuil 184 5 Pevoni an Retzia weberi Nikiforova 1937 Si l u ria n Ret zispirifer uriensis Kulkov 1960 Oe vo ni an Reuschella semiglobata Bancroft 1928 Ordovician Pentawero ides jolvensis Sapelnikov 1961 Si lu ria n Rhactomena splendens Mitchell 1977 0 r do v i c i a n Rhac torhynchia rhacta Buckman 1917 Jurassic Rhactorthis crassa williams 1963 Ordovic ian Terebratula qreqaria Suess 1854 Triassic Rhaetinopsis ovata YangiXu 1966 Triassic Rhamnaria kingorum Muir-WpodSCooper I960 Permian Rhapidothyri s arciferens Tuluweit 19 65 Jurassi c Terebratula striqiceps Roemer 1844 Devonian Spirifer dunensis Kayser 1889 Devonian Orthis subarachnoidea ArcbiacSVerneuil 1842 Devonian Rhenothyris rhenana Struve 1970 Devonian Pentamerus knappi Ha 118Whitfie l d 187 2 Si lurian Terebratula michelini Leveille 1835 Si lurian-Permian Rhipidomella henryhousensis Amsden 1951 Devonian Strophomena tennesseensis Willard 1928 Ordovician Rhipidothyris plicata Cooper8W i l l i ams 1935 h e v o ni an Bouchardia rhizoida Hutton 1905 Tertiary 154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Rhombothyris Middlemiss 1959 Terebratulacea Gray 1340 Rhynchatrypa Siehl 1962 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Rhynchocamara SchuchertRCooper 1971 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Rhynchoferella Spriestersbach 1942 Uncertain Rhynchonel la Fischer 1809 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Rhynchone l lina Gemmellaro 1871 Rhynchoneltacea Gray 184 8 Rhynchonelloidea Q nc knan 1917 Rhynehonellacea Gray 1848 R hy nc h o ne l l o i de l l a Muir-Wood 1936 Rhyne honel l ac ea Gray 184 8 Rhynchonel lopsis Vincent 1893 Terebrat ulacea Gray 1840 Rhynchopora King 1865 Rhynchoporacea Muir-Wood 1955 Rhynchora Patman 1828 Terebratellacea King 1850 Rhynchorina Oehlert 1887 Terebratellacea King 1850 Rhynchorthis Bates 1968 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Rhynchospirifer Pautus 1957 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Rhynchospi rina Sc hue hert81eVene 1929 Retziacea Waaqen 1883 Rhynchotetra Weller 1910 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Rhynchotrema Hall 1860 R h yn c h on e l l ac ea Gray 184 8 Rhynchotreta Hall 1879 R hy n c h on e l l ac ea Gray 184 8 Rhynchotret ina Khalfin 1948 Rhynehonellacea Gray 1848 Rhynobolus Hall 1871 Trimere l lacea Dav i dsonRK inq 1872 Rhyselasma Yadrenkina 1972 Poraubonit acea Davidson 1853 Rhysostrophia Ulrich8Cooper 1936 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Rhysotreta Cooper 1956 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Rhyssochonetes Johnson 1970 Chonetacea Bronn 186? Terebratnla extensa Meyer 1864 Cretaceous Terebratula thetis Barrande 1847 Devonia n Rhynchocamara plicata Sc hue hertSCooper 1931 0 rdovic i an Rhynchoferella montana Spriestersbach 1942 De vonia n Rhynchone l la loxiae Fischer 1809 J ii r a ss i c Rhynchonellina suessi Gemmellaro 1371 T ria ssic-Jura ssic Rhynchonella ru thenensis Reynes 1868 J'urassi c Rhynchonella varians Davidson 1878 Jurassic Terebratu l ina nysti Bosquet 1862 Tertiary Terebratula qeinitziana Verneuil 1845 Mississippian-Permian Terebratula costata Milsson 1827 Cretaceous Anomites spathulatus Wahlenberg 1821 C retaceous Rhynchorthis rotundus Bates 1968 Ordovician Rhynchospirifer halleri Pa ulus 1957 Devonian Waldheimia formosa Hall 1857 Si lurian-Devoman Rhynchonella caput White 1862 Mississipoian Atrypa increbescens Hall 1847 Ordovic ian Terebratula cuneata Dalman 1828 Si lu ria n Rhynchotretina aenuivalvis Khalfin 1948 Devonian Obolus galtensis Billings 1862 Si lurian Rhyselasma akitiense Yadrenkina 1972 Ordovician Rhysostrophia nevadensis Ulrich&Cooper 1936 Ordovician Rhysotreta corrugata Cooper 1956 Ordovician Rhyssochonetes aurora Johnson 1970 Devonia n NUMBER 42 155 Rhytiophora Mu i r-Woo dR C oop er 1960 Productus blairi Miller 1891 Product acea Gray 1840 Rhytirhynch i a Cooper 1957 R h yn c hon e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Rhytisia CooperSGrant 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Rhytistroph i a Caster 1939 St rophomenacea King 1846 Richthofenia Kayser 1881 Richthofeniacea Waaqen 1885 Rictia Gregorio 1930 Uncertain Rigbyella Stehli 1956 Lyttoniacea Waaqen 1883 Rimirhynchia Ruckman 1917 R h yn c hone l l ac e a Gray 184 8 Rimirhynchops i s Dagys 1963 R h y nc h on el l ac ea Gray 184 8 Rioqrandella Kobayashi 1937 Orthacea Woodward 185? Rioultina Pajaud 1966 Thecideacea Gray 1840 Ripidiorhynchus Sartenaer 1966 R hy n c hon e l l ac e a Gray 184 8 Robertorthis Havlicek 1977 Orthacea Woodward 185? Robinsonella Moisseiev 1936 R hy n c h on e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Robust i rhynch i a Seifert 1963 Rhynchone l l acea Gray 184 8 Rochatorhynchia Katz 196? R h y n c hone l l ac ea Gray 184 8 Rocheithyris Almeras 1971 Terebrat ulacea Gray 1840 Roemerella Hall P, Clarke 1890 Discinacea Gray 1840 Rominqerina HallSClarke 1893 S t r i n go c ep ha l a c e a King 1850 Rorespirifer WaterhouseSPiyasin 1970 Reti ci lariacea Waaqen 1883 Rosella Andreeva 197? Porambon i tacea Davidson 1853 Rossirhynchus Gaetani 1964 Rhynchone l l acea Gray 184 8 Rostranteris Gemmellaro 1899 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Rostricellula UlrichRCooper 194? Rhyne honel lacea Gray 184 8 M i s sis sipPian Hemithyris sladeni Dali 1910 Tert iary-Recent Rhytisia rugosa Cooper&Grant 1975 Pe ruian Stropheodonta beckii Hall 1859 Devoni a n Anomia lawrencia^a Koninck 1863 Permian Rictia simplex Gregorio 1930 Permian Paralyttonia qirtyi WannerSSieuerts 1935 Permian Rimirhynchia rimosiformis Buckman 1917 J H ra ss i c Rimirhynchopsis triadiejs Dagys 1963 T r i a ss i c Rioqrandella subcircus Kobayashi 1937 Ordovician Thecidea triangularis Orbiqny 1850 J ii ra ss i c Terebratula livonica 3uc h 1834 Devonian Robertorthis ho loubkoueosi s Haulicek 1977 Ordovician Robinsonella mastakanensis Moisseiev 1936 T r i a ss i c Terebratula ehningensis Quenstedt 1857 Jurassic R oc h a t or h ync h i a rochatensis Katz 196? Cr etaceous Rocheithyris curvata Almeras 1971 Jurassic Orbicula grandis Uanuxem 184? OevonianJPermian Centronel la julia Winchell 186? Mississippian Rorespirifer ruinosus UaterhouseSPiyasin 1970 Permian Rosella karakulensis Andreeva 197? Ordovician Rossirhynchus adamantinjs Gaetani 1964 Mississippian Dielasma adrianense Gemmellaro 1894 Permian Rostricel lula rostrata U l rich&Cooper 194? 0 r dovic ian 156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Rostrirhynch i a sucic-Protic 1969 Rhyne honellacea Gray 184 8 Rostrospirifer Grahau 1931 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Potaia Rzonsnitzkaja 1959 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Rotundostrophia Gratsianova 1960 Strophomenacea King 1846 Rouillieria M a k r i d i n 1960 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Pouellella Wright 196^ Linqulacea M enke 18?8 Rowleyetla Wetter 1911 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Roznanaria Weyer 1972 Rhynchoneltacea Gray 1848 Rudirhynchia Rucknan 1917 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Ruegenella Owen 1°77 Terebrate l l acea King 185 0 Ruqaltarostrum Sartenaer 1961 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Rugaria Cooper 8 Grant 1969 Chonetacea °ronn 1862 Rugatia fu i r-WoodSCooper I960 Productacea Gray 1840 Rugauris Hn i r-WoodSCooper 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Rugia Steinich 1963 Terebratnlacea Gray 1840 Rugicostella i r-WoodRCoo per I960 Productacea Gray 1840 Ruqitela Muir-Wood 1936 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Rugithyris Buckman 1917 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Rugivestis Mu i r-Wood&C oope r 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Rugoclostus Easton 1962 Productacea Gray 1840 Rugotept aena Havlicek 1956 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Rugosatrypa Rzonsnitzka)a 1975 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Rugosochonetes Sokolskaja 1950 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Rost rirhynchia rostr at a Sueic-Prot ic 1969 Jurassic Spirifer tonkinensis Mansuy 1908 0 e vo ni an Phynchonella subtriqona Meek&Worthen 1860 Mississippian Leptodontelta rotundata Khalfin 1948 Devonian Terebratula michalkowii Fah renkoh l 1856 Jurassic-C retaceous Rowellella minuta Wright 1963 Ordovician Terebratula Tabulites Rowley 1900 Mississippian liorhynchus enwitans Schmidt 1924 D e v o n i an Rudirhynchia rudis Buckman 1917 Jurassic Terebratula humboldti Hagenow 1842 Cretaceous Leiorhynchus madisonense Haynes 1916 De voni a n Chonetes hessensis Kina 1931 P e r m i a n Productjs oaraindicus McKee 1938 Permian Rugauris paneispina Mulr-Wood8Cooper I960 Mississippian Rugia tenuicostata Steinich 1963 C retaceous Productus nystianus Koninck 1842 Mississippian Terebratula bullata Souerby 1823 J u r a s s i c Terebratula subo»a logast er Buckman 190 1 Jurassi c Prob oscidella carinata M u i r - W o od & C o o pe r 1957 Permian Rngoc tostus nivalis Easton 1962 Mississ ippianftPermian Rugoleptaena hornyi Havlicek 1956 Silurian-0evonian Spinatrypina tschernyschewi Rzonsnitzkaja 1964 Devonian Orthis ha rdrensis Phillips 1841 Carboniferous Ptychoqlyptus ambiguuS Reed 1952 Ordovician Rugosouerbye l ta Mitchell 1977 Ptectambonitacea Jones 1928 NUMBER 42 157 Rugostrophia Neuman 1971 Porambonitacea Davidson 1353 Rugulatia Sokolskaja 1952 Spiriferacea King 1846 Russiella Makridin 1964 Dallinacea Beecher 1893 Russirhynchia R uckman 1917 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Rustella Walcott 1905 Kutorginacea Schuchert 1893 Rjonsnickiana Mamedov 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 SaccoQonum Haulicek 1971 Billingse l l acea Schuchert 1893 Rugostrophia si luest ri s Neuman 1971 Ordovician Spirifer rugulatus r utorga 1842 Permian T erebratula royeriana Orhiqny 18 45 J u r a ss i c Rhy nch one11a (ischeri Rouillier 1847 J u r a s s i c Rustella edsoni Walcott 1905 Cambrian Rzonsn i ck iana sadarakensis M amedov 197 6 D e v o n i an Saccoqonum saccatum Haul ic ek 1971 Cambrian Saccorhynchi a Ching,Sun 8 Ye 1979 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Saccorhynchi^ xiangdaica Ching/Sun&Ye 1979 T ria ss i c Sacothyris Ching/Sun&Ye 1979 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 4ulacothy rops l s sinosa Ching?Faog 1977 T r i a ss i c Sagueresia "ohanti 197? Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Saqueresia suquerana Mohadti 1972 Devonian Sajakella Masik anova 1968 Productacea Gray 1840 Sajakella Ca rboni f o r mo s a f erous Nasi Panova 1 968 Sakauairhynchia Tokuyama 1957 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Sa k a w a l r h yn c h i a t o k o m o o e n s i s K ob a y a s hi 8 T ok u y a ma 1957 Triassic Salacorthis Williams 1974 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Salacorth 0 r dovic is costellata i a n W i l l i a m s 1974 Salairina Alekseeva 1 Q 70 At rypacea Gill 1871 Salairina misera Alekseeva 1970 De vonian Salairotoechia Rzonsnitzkaja 1968 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Salgirella Moisseiev 1936 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Salonia CooperS Whitcomb 1933 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Salvia Williams 1955 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Salopina Roucot I960 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Sanpo Opik 1 rj 3 3 P l ec t a mbo n i t a c ea Jones 192 8 Sandia SutherlandRHarlow 1973 Productacea Gray 1840 Sanjuania Amos 1958 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Sanqiaothyris Yang&Xu 1966 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Nudirostra pseudocarens Kulkov 1960 Devonian Rhynchone lla albertii Oppel 1861 Jurassi c Salonia magnaplicata C oope rSWhit comb 1933 Ordovician Orthis salteri Davidson 1871 Ordovician Orthis lunata Sowerby 1839 Silurian-hevonian Sampo hiiuensis Opik 1933 Ordovic ian Sandia brevis Silt her landJHa r low 1973 Pennsylvanian Sanjuania dorsi sulcata Amos 1958 Mississippian Sanqiaoth yris elliptica YanqiXu 1966 Triassic Sardope f> i eni/Mi ddl emi ss &0 wen 1977 Terebrat ulacea Gray 1840 Sardope sardoa Dieni et al 1973 Cretaceous 158 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Sarganostega CooperSGrant 1969 Sp i r i f e r i n a c e a ('au idson 1884 Sarganostega transversal is CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Saucrorthis Xu/Rong&Liu 1974 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Saucrorthis minor Xu/RongSLiu 1974 Ordovician Saughina Banc ro ft 1949 Davidson i acea King 1850 Schuchertella pertina* Reed 1917 Si l u ria n Saukrodictya Wright 1964 Orthacea Woodward 185 7 Sank rodic tya hibernica Wright 1964 Ordovician Savageina Boucot 1975 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Terebratula deflexa Sowerby 1839 Si lurian Scacchinella Gemmellaro 1891 Aulostegacea ''ui r-UoodSC ooper I960 Scacchinella variabilis Gemme l la ro 189 7 Pennsylvanian-Permian Sca l pe l l irhynchia Muir-Wood 1936 Rhyne honelt acea Gray 184 8 Terebratula sea (pellum Quenstedt 1851 Jurassic' Scambocris Liu 1979 Uncertain Scambocris hordeolus Liu 1979 Cambrian Scamnomena Bassett 1977 Strophomenacea King 1846 Stroohomena rugata Lindstrom 1861 Si lurian Scapharina CooperSGrant 1975 Aulostegacea Muir-Wood8Cooper I960 Scapharina rngosa CooperSGrant 1975 Permian Scaphelasma Cooper 1956 Acrotretacea Sc hucher t 189 3 Scaphelasma septatum Cooper 1956 Ordovician Scaphiocoelia Whitfield 1891 Stringocepha l acea King 1850 Scaphiocoel i a boliviensis Whitfield 1891 Devonian Scaphorthis Cooper 1956 Orthacea Woodward 185? Scaphorthis virginiensis Cooper 1956 Ordovician Sceletonia CooperSGrant 1974 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Sceletonia crassa CooperSGrant 1974 Permian Scenesia CooperSGrant 1976 Sp i r i ferinacea Davidson 1884 Scenesia extensa CooperSGrant 1976 P e r m i a n Schachriomonia Nikiforova 1978 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Schachriomonia schac hriomonica Nikiforova 1978 Ordovician Schedophyla Neuman 1971 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Schedophyla potteri Neuman 1971 Ordovician Sche l lwienella Thomas 1910 Davidson i acea King 1850 Spirifera crenistria Phillips 1836 Devonian-Carboniferous Sch i stochonetes Roberts 1971 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Schistochonetes abruptus Roberts 1971 Mississippian Schizambon Walcott 1884 Siphonotretacea Kutorga 1848 Schizambon typicalis Walcott 1884 Cambrian-Ordovician Schizobolus Ulrich 1886 Discinacea Gray 1840 Rise ina truncata Hall 1863 De vonia n Schizocrania Ha l lSWhitfield 1875 Discinacea Gray 1840 Orbicula filosa Hall 1847 Ordovician-Devonian Schizopholis Waagen 1885 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Schizopholis rugosa Waagen 1885 Cambrian Schizophorella Reed 1917 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Orthis fallax Salter 184 6 Ordovician NUMBER 42 159 Sehizophoria King 1850 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Sthitoramma Foerste 1912 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Schizosp i rifer Grabau 1931 Spiriferacea King 1846 Schizotreta Kutorga 1848 Discinacea Gray 1840 Schizotretoides Termie r &Mo nod 1978 Acrotrft acea Schuchert 1893 Schmidtites SchuchertRLeVene 1929 Linqulacea M enke 1878 Schnurella Schmidt 1964 Rhyne honellacea Gray 184 8 Schrenkiella Barchatova 1973 Productacea Gray 1849 Schucherte l l a Girty 1904 Orthotetacea Waagen 1884 Schue hertellopsis Maillieux 1939 Dav i dson i acea King 1850 Schuchertina Walcott 1905 Kutorginacea Schuchert 1893 Schwagerispira Dagys 1972 Retziacea Waaqen 1833 Scoloconcha Gordon 1966 Productacea Gray 1840 Scumulus Steinich 1968 Terebratellacea King 1850 Scutepustula Sarytcheva 1963 Productacea Gray 1840 Sedenticellula Cooper 1942 Stenoscismatacea Oehlert 1887 Selenella HallRClarke 1893 Uncertain Sellithyris Middlemiss 1959 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Selloproductus Termier et al 1974 Productacea Gray 1840 Semenewia Paeckelmann 1930 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Semi braehythyrina YangRTing 1962 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Semicostella Muir-WoodRCooper 1969 Productacea Gray 1840 Seminula McCoy 1844 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Conchyliolithus resupinatus Martin 180 9 Silurian-Permian Hebertella fissistriata Foerste 1909 Si lurian Spirifer aperturatus Freeh 1911 Devonian Orbicul'a elliptica Kutorga 1846 Ordovician-Si lurian Schizotretoides tauricus TermierRMonod 1978 Ordnvician Schmidtia celata Volborth 1869 Or do v i c ’ an Terebratula schnuri Verneuil 1340 Devonian Productus schrenki Stuckenberg 1875 Permian Streptorhynchus lens White 1862 Devonian-Permian Schuchertellopsis durbutensis Maillieux 1939 Devonian Schuchertina Cambria Walcott 1905 Cambrian Ret zia schwageri nittner 1890 Triassic Productus indianensis Hall 1858 Mississ ippian Scumulus inopinatus Steinich 1968 Cretaceous Productus scutelatus Palashova 1955 Mississippian Camarophoria hamburgensis Weller 1910 Mississippian Selenella qracilis HallRClarke 1893 De vonia n Terebratula sella Sowerby 1823 Cretaceous Selloproductus sellatus Termier et al 1974 Pennsylvanian-Permian Chonetes concentricus Koninck 1847 Mi ssiss ippian Semibrachythyrina fasciculata YangRTing 1962 Permian Avonia oklahomensis Snider 1915 Mississippian Terebratula seminula Phillips 1836 Carboniferous C ama rotoechia polita Ljaschenko 1960 Devonian Semiotoechia Ljaschenko 1973 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 160 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Semiplanel la S a r y t c h e v a e t a l 1 977 Productacea Gray 1 840 Seraiplanns Sarytche va 1952 Product acea Gray i 84 0 Semiprodurtus B ub l i c h e n k o 1956 Product acea Gray 1 840 Semitreta Riernat 1973 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Sfndaithyris Hatai 19AO Terebratulacea Gray 13 4 0 Senokosica Sucic-Protic 1971 Loboidothyr i dacea Makridin 1964 Sentolunia Havlicek 1967 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Sentosia Kuir-Uood?Cooper 1960 Product acea Gray 1340 Septacamera Steoanov 1937 Stenoscismatacea Oeblert 1887 Septachonetes Chatterton 1973 Chonetacea Rronn 1862 Septalaria Leidhold 1928 Rhynchpnellacea Gray 1848 Septalariopsis Chen 1978 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Septaliphor i a Leidhold 192 1 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 S e p t a l i pho r i o i d ea YanqSXu 1966 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Septamph i c l ina JinSfanq 19 77 Koninckinacea hav/idson 1853 Septaparme l l a Su 1976 Chonetacea “ronn 1862 Sep tar in la Mu i r-WoodRCooper 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Septasteges Wate r house&Piyasin 1970 Productacea Gray 1840 Septathyris Roncot r JohnsonSStaton 1964 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Septatoechia LobatschevaRT i t o v a 1977 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Septatrypa Kozlowski 1929 Atrypacea Gill 1871 SeptemirostelIum Roberts 1971 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Septiconcha Termier et al 1974 Productacea Gray 1840 Sept i rhynchia M uir-Uood 1935 R h y n c hone 1 l ac ea Gray 184 8 Semiplanella carinthica Sarytcheva 1977 Mississippian Productus semiplanus Schuetzow 1922 Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Semiproductus minax Rublichenko 1956 Devonian-Miss issippian Semitreta mai or Riernat 1973 Ordovician Sendaithyris ot utumiensis Hatai 1940 Tertiary Senokosica natura Sucic-Protic 1971 J u ra ss i c Sentolunia senta Havlicek 1967 Or dovic ian Krotovia praecursor Stainbrook 1947 Devonian Camarophoria kutorgae Tschernysc hew 1902 Pennsylvanian—Permian Septachonetes melanus Chatterton 1973 De vonian Terebratula ascendens Steininger 1853 D e voni an Septalariopsis zhonghuaensis Chen 1978 D e v o ni an Rhynch one l la arduennensis Oppe l 1857 Jurassic Seotaliphorioidea paneic os t at a YangRXu 1966 T r i a ss i c Sept arnph i cl i na qinhaiensis JinRFang 1977 Triassic Septa parmella s ini ca Su 1976 Devonian Productus leuchtenbergensis Koninck 1847 Mississippian Seotasteges acanthus Waterhouse&Piyasin 1970 Permian Athyris aliena Drevermann 1904 D e v o ni an Septatoechia inflata LobatschevaSTitova 1977 Cretaceous Septatrypa secreta Kozlowski 1929 De vo ni an Camarotoechia sept ima i/eevers 1959 Mississippian Septiconcha taeniosa Termier et al 1974 Pennsylvanian-Permian Rhynchonella azaisi Cottreau 1924 Jurassic NUMBER 42 161 Sfptocrurf1 la Wisnieuska 1932 Rhynchoneltacea Gray 184 8 Septocyclothyri s Xu 1973 Rhynchoneltacea Gray 1848 Septoproductus Freeh 1911 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Septorthis Hints 1973 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Septospirifer Waterhouse 1971 Spiriferacea King 1846 Septospiriqerella Grunt 1965 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Septosyringothyris V andercammen 1955 Spiriferacea King 1°4 6 Septothyris Cooperftwi1liams 1935 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Septulirhynchia Almeras 1966 R hy n c hon e l l a c e a Gray 184 8 Seratrypa Copper 1967 Atrypacea Gill 1371 Serbiothyris Sucic-Protic 1971 Loboidothyridacea Makridin 1964 Sergospirifer Ivanova 1952 Spiriferacea King 1846 Sergunkovia Nalivkin 1979 Spiriferacea King 1846 Sericoidea Lindstrom 1953 P l ec ta mhon i t a c e a Jones 1928 Serratocrista Orunton 1968 Davidsoniacea King 1850 Serrulatrypa Havlicek 1977 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Sestropoma CoOpertGrant 1969 Richthofeniacea Waaqen 1835 Setigerites Girty 1939 Productacea Gray 1840 Settedabania Abramov 1970 Spiriferacea King 1846 Severe l la Sapelnikov 1963 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Shagamella Boucot&Harper 1968 Chonetacea Bronn 186? Shaleria Caster 1939 Strophomenacea King 1846 Shaleriella Harper%Boucot 1978 Stropheodontacea Caster 1939 Shiqianella Xian 1978 Davidsoniacea King 1850 Rhynchonella sanctae Roemer 1870 Jurassi c Septocyclothyris markamensis Xu 1978 T r i a ssi c Productus abichi Waagen 1884 Permian Septorthis engurensis Hints 1973 Ordovic ian S e p t o 5 pi r i f e r tat onlni en si s Waterhouse 197' Permian Septospirigere l l a baissalensis Grunt 1965 Permian Septosyri ngothy ris demaneti V anderca mmen 1955 "i ssissippian Septothyris septata CooperRwi l l iams 1935 De voni$ n Septulirhynchia davidi Almeras 1966 Jurassic Terebratu las pectinatas Schroter 1777 Devonian Serbiothyris medioliasica Sucic-Protic 1971 Jurassi c Spirifer okensis Nikitin 1890 Pennsylvanian Paulonia talassica Wassilieva 1957 Devonia n Leptaena sericea Hadding 1913 Ordovic ian Serratocr i sta fistulosa Brunt on 1968 Carboniferous Boucotia incognita Lanqenstrassen 1972 Devonian Sestropoma cribriferum CooperSGrant 1969 Pe rmian Productus setigerus Hall 1858 Mississippian Settedabania stepanovi Abramov 1970 Pennsylvanian Brooksina magn i ficaformi s Sapelnikov 1963 Si lurian Shagamella ludloviensis BoucotSHarper 1968 Si lurian Strophomena gilpeni Dawson 1881 Si lurian-Devonian Shaleriella delicata Harper 8 B oucot 1978 Si lurian Shiqianella suptrominuta Xian 1978 Si lurian 162 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Shiragia Kobayashi 1935 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Shiragia biloba Kobayashi 1935 Cambrian Shrockia Boucot&Smith 197? Atrypacea Gill 1871 Shrockia twenhofeli Boucot&Smith 1978 Si l u ri a n Shumardella Weller 1910 Rhynchoneltacea Gray 1848 Rhynchonella missouriensis Shumard 1855 Mississippian Siberiothyr i s "agys 1968 Loboidothyridacea '•akrid in 1964 Siberiothyris c rassus daqys 1968 Cretaceous Siberistrophia Astashkina 1970 Strophomenacea King 1846 Brachyprion speranskii Khalfin 1948 devonian Sibiratrypa Rzonsnitzkaja 1975 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Sibiratrypa vassinensis Rjonsnitzkaj a 1975 Devonian Sibiria Gorjansky 1977 Obolellacea Walcott&Schuchert 1978 Sibiria maqna Gorjansky 1977 C a mb ri an Sibirispira Alekseeva 1968 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Sibirispira inflata Alekseeva 1968 devonian Sibiritoechia Alekseeva 1966 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 S i b i ritoechia convexa Alekseeva 1966 D e vonia n Sicelia GortaniSMerla 1934 Davidson i acea King 1850 Canavaria acropedion Merla 1928 Permian SicAuanrhynchus Tong 1978 Rhynchone l l acea Gray 184 8 S i chuanrhynchus sulcatus Tong 1978 Pennsylvanian Sicorhyncha Havlicek 1961 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 184 8 Stegerhynchus trinacrius Havlicek 1^56 Devonian Sieberella Oehlert 1887 Pentameracea McCoy 18 44 Pentamerus sieberi Buch 1847 Si luri an-De voni an Sikasella Nalivkin 1979 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Sikasella bisulcata Nalivkin 1979 Mi ssissippian S i lesiathyris Brugge 1977 Zeilleriacea Allan 19Z.0 T erebratulites angustus Schlotheim 182 0 T ria ss i c Simplicarina Cooper&Grant 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Simplicarina incompta Cooper&Grant 1975 Permian Siroplicithyris Zezina 1976 Terebrat ellacea King 185 0 S i mp l i cithyris kurilensis Zezina 1976 R e ce nt Sinocyrtiopsis Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea King 1846 Cyrtiopsis transversa Grabau 1931 Devonian Sinoproducte l l a Wang 1955 Productacea Gray 1847 Productella hem i spherica Tien 1938 Devonian Sinorhynchia Yang&Xu 1966 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Sinorhynchia bifaceta Yang&Xu 1966 T r i a ss i c Sinorthis Wang 1955 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Sinorthis typica Wang 1955 0 rdovician Sinoshaleria Xian 1978 Strophomenacea King 1846 Sinoshaleria guangshunensis Xian 1978 Devonian Sinospirifer Grabau 1931 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer sinensis Grabau 1931 d e v oni a n Sinostrophia Hamada 1971 $trophomenacea King 1846 Sinostrophia kondoi Hamada 1971 Devonia n NUMBER 42 163 Sinotectirostrum Sartenaer 1961 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Sinothyris Minato 1953 R e t i c u l a r i a c e a Waagen 1 8 83- Sinuatella Muir-Wood 1928 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Sinucosta Dagys 1963 Spiriferinacea ('auidson 1884 Sinuplicorhynch i a Dagys 19 65 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 1848 Siphonosia Cooper 8 Grant 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Siphonotreta Verneui l 1845 Siphonotret acea Kutorga 1848 Skelidorygma Carter 1974 Spirifer acea King 1846 Skenidioides Sc hue hert&Coo per 1931 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Skenidium Hall 1860 Orthacea Woodward 1852 S l ovenirhynchia Siblik 196 7 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Soeathenella Bancroft 1928 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Socraticum Gregorio 1930 Uncertain Solidipont i rostrurn Sartenaer 1970 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 1848 Soma l irhynchia Weir 1925 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Somalitela Muir-Wood 1935 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Soma l ithyris Muir-Wood 193 5 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Soudleyella Pancroft 1945 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Sowerbina Fredericks 1928 Productacea Gray 1840 Souerbyelta Jones 1928 P l ec t a mb on i t a c e a Jones 192 8 Sowerbyites Teichert 1937 Piectambonitacea Jones 1928 Spanodonta Prendergast 1935 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Spasskothyris Smirnova 1975 Loboidothyridacea Makridin 1964 Sphaerirhynchia CooperSMuir-Wood 1951 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Sinotecti rostruip medicinale Sartenaer 1961 0 e v o n i an Spirifer maureri Holzapfel 1896 Devonian-Mississippian Leptaena sinuata Koninck 1851 Ca rboni ferous Spirifer emmrichi Suess 1854 T r i a ss i c SinuplicOrhynch i a kegalensis Dagys 196 5 T r i a ss i c Siphonosia alleni CooperSGrant 1975 P e rm i a n Crania unguiculata Eichwald 1829 0 r do v i c i a n Spirifer subcardiifor m i s Hall 1858 Pennsylvanian Skenidioides billingsi SchuchertSCooper 1931 Ordovician-Si lurian Orthis insignis Hall 1859 Devonian Slovenirhynchia maninensis Siblik 1967 Jurassic Smeathenella harnagensis Bancroft 1928 0 r dovician Soc raticum firm urn Gregorio 1930 Permian Terebratula pugnoides Schnur 1851 Devonian Somalirhynchia africana Weir 1925 Jurassi c Somalitela ambalensis Muir-Wood 1935 Jurassic Somalithyris maefadyeni Muir-Wood 1935 J u r a ss i c Soudleyella soudleyensis Bancroft 1945 Ordovician Productus timanicus Stuckenberg 1875 Peruian Leptaena sericea Sowerby 1839 Ordovician-Si lurian Sowerbyites medioseptata Teichert 1937 Ordovician Spanodonta hoskingiae Prendergast 1935 Ordovician Spasskothyris rjasanensis Smirnova 1975 C re tac e ous Terebratula wilsoni Soweroy 1818 Si lurian 164 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Sphaerobolus M atthew 1895 lingulacea M e n k e 18? 8 Sphaeroidot hy ris Buckman 191? Terehratu l acea Gray 1840 Sphenalosia r-WoodSC ooper 1963 S t r o ph a l o s i a c e a Schuchert 1°13 Sphenarina Cooper 195° Rhynchooel l acea Gray 184 8 Sphenoph raquiiis Imbrie 1959 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Spheno rhyn chia Buckman 1917 Rhynchon el l ac ea Gray 184 8 Sphenorthis Grubbs 1939 Unc e r t a i n Sphenospira Cooper 1954 Spiriferacea King 1846 Sphenosteges m u i r-Wood8Cooper I960 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Sphenotreta Cooper 1956 Rhyne honel l ac ea Gray 184 8 Spinarella Coooer&Grant 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Spinatrypa St a inbrook 1951 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Spinatrypina Rzonsnitzkaja 1964 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Spinauris Roberts 1971 Productacea Gray 1843 Spinella Talent 1956 Spin feracea Kinq 1846 Spinifrons Stehli 1954 Productacea Gray 1841 Spinilingula Cooper 1956 Lingulacea M enke 18?8 Spinoc arin i fera Roberts 1971 Productacea Gray 1840 Spinochonetes Rong* KuSYang 1974 Chonetacea Rronn 186? Spinocyrtia Fredericks 1916 Spiriferacea K i nq 1846 Spinocyrtina Fredericks 1916 Suessiacea Waagen 1883 Spinolepismatina Daqys 1974 Suessiacea Waagen 1883 Spinolyttonia Sarytcheva 1964 Lyttoniacea Uaagen 1883 Lingulella spissa Billings 187? 0 r dovic i a n S p h a e r o i d o t h y r i s g l o b i s o h a e r o i da l i s Buckman 1917 Jurassic Sphenalosia smecleyi Muir-Wood8Cooper 1960 Permian Rhy nch onella sicula Sequelza 1870 Tertiary So h e no ph r aq m ii s nanus Imbrie 1959 Reyoni an Terebratula plicatella Sowerby 18 ? 5 J u r a s s i c Sphenorthis niagarensis Grubbs 1939 Si lurian Spirifera alta Hall 1867 D e vonia n Aulosteges hispidus Girty 19?0 Pe rmian Sphenotreta cuneata Cooper 1956 Crdovic ian Spinarella perfecta Cooper8Grant 1975 Permian At rypa hystrix Hall 185 8 Devonian Spinatrypina margaritoides Rzonsnitzkaja 1964 Devonian Spinauris cristata Roberts 1971 8ississippian Spinella buchanensis Talent 1956 Devonian Spinifrons quadratus Stehli 1954 Permian Spinilingula in tralamellat a Cooper 1956 Ordovician Sp i nocarinifera adunata Roberts 1971 Mississippian Spnochonetes notata Rong/XuSi ang 1974 Silurian Delthyris granulosa Conrad 1839 D e v o ni an Cyrtia ha mil tonensis Hall 18S7 Devonian Lepismatina rara Paqys 1963 Triassic Splnolyttonia arakeljani Sarytcheva 1964 Permian Spinomarginifera kue i cho wens i s Huang 193? Pennsylvanian-Permian Spinomarginifera Huanq 193? Productacea Gray 1840 NUMBER 42 Spinomartin i a Waterhouse 1968 Reticulanacea Waagen 18 83 Spinouartinia spinosa Waterhouse 1968 Permian Spinoplasia Boucot 1959 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Spinoplasia gaspensis Poucot 1959 Devoni an Spinorthis Wright 1964 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Spinorthis qeniculata Wright 1964 Ordovician Spinoruqifera Roberts 1976 Product acea Gray 1840 Spinorugifera chichesterensis Roberts Carboni ferous 1976 Spinospirifer Martynova 1961 Spirifer acea King 1846 Spirifer nuraensis Simorin 1956 Devonian Spinostrophia Jiang 1978 Strophomdnacea King 1846 Spinostrophia ellipsoidea Jiang 1978 Devonian Spinulicosta Nalivkin 1937 Productacea Gray 1840 Productus sDinu l icostus Hall 1857 Devonian Spinuliplica Campbell 1961 Sp i r i ferinacea havidson 1884 Spinuliplica spinulosa Campbell 1961 F’ennsyl vani an Spinulothele Powetl 1°77 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 S i phonotr eta dubia Walcott 1912 Cambrian Spinulothyris Antostschenko 1973 Zeil leriacea Allan 1940 Spinulothyris patilensis Antostschenko J u ra ss i c 1 973 Spirelytha Fredericks 1924 Reticulariacea Waaqen 1883 Spirifer schpi Tschernyscheu 1916 Pprmian Spirifer Sowerby 1818 Sp i r i feracea King 1846 Conehyliol i thus striatus Martin 1793 Carboniferous S p i r i f e r e l l e nke 1823 Tomilia Sarytcheva 1963 Productacea Gray 1840 Tomiproductus Sarytcheva 1963 Productacea Gray 1840 Productus robustus Tolmatvhoff 1924 Mississippian Linqula criei Davidson 1881 Ordovician Tomilia khalfini Sarytcheva 1963 C a rboni ferous Productus elegantulus Tplmatchoff 1924 Mississippian Tongzithyris Ching^LiaoRFang 1974 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Tongzithyris episulcata Ch i nq»Liao&Fanq 1974 Permian Toquimaella Johnson 1967 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Toquimaella kayi Johnson 1967 D e v o nian Toquimia U IrichRCooper 1936 P l ec t amb on i t a c e a Jones 192 8 Toauimia kirki Ulrich8Coooer 1936 Ordovic ian Tornquistia Paeckelmann 1930 Chonetacea Bronn 1862 Torquirhynchia Childs 1969 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Torynechus Cooper&Grant 1962 Stenoscismatacea Oehlert 1887 Torynelasma Cooper 1956 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Torynifer HallRClarke 1893 Reticulariacea Waaqen 1883 Torynifere 11a Weyer 1967 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Leptaena polita McCoy 1355 Ca rboni ferous Terebratu la inconstans Sowerby 1821 J u ra ss i c Torynechus caelatus Cooper&Grant 1962 Permian Torynelasma toryniferum Cooper 1956 Ordovic ian Torynifer criticus HallRClarke 1893 Devonian-Miss issippian Kitaka mithyris qlobosa Maxwell 1961 Devonian 176 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Totia Rz on sn i t z k a j a5 M i z e ns 1977 Atrypacea Gilt 1B 71 Atrypa interim ediafera Khodalev/ich 1951 Devonian Toxorthis Temple 1968 Orthacea Wooduard IRS? Toxorthis pro tens Temple 1968 Si lurian Transennatia Waterhouse 1975 Product acea Gray 1840 Productus qratiosus Waagen 1884 Permian Trasgu Martinez 1979 Shynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Trasqu minor Martinez 1979 Carboniferous Trautscholdia Ustritsky 1967 Spiriferacea King 1846 Choristites trautscholdi Stuckenberg 1905 Carboniferous Treioria Neuman 8Pates 1978 Orthacea Wooduard 1852 Treioria chaulioda Neuman&Rates 1978 Or dovic i an Trematis Sharpe 1848 Discinacea Gray 1840 Orbicula terminal is Emmons 1842 Ordovician Trematobolus Matthew 1893 Obotellacea WalcottSSchuchert 1908 Trematobolus insignis Matthew 1893 Cambrian Trematorthis II l r i c h&Coo per 1938 Orthacea Wooduard 1852 Trematorthis masoni Ulrich8Cooper 1938 Ordovician Trematosia Cooper 1976 Kutorginacea Schuchert 1893 Obolus radifer RichterSlichter 1941 Cambrian Treiatosplra Hall 1859 Retziacea Waagen 1883 Spirifer multistriatus Hall 1857 Devonian Tretorhynchia Brunton 1971 Rhynchoporacea Muir-Wood 1955 Terebratula trilatera Koninck 1843 Mississippian Triadispira Dagys 1961 Reticulariacea Uaaqen 1883 Triadispira caucasica Dagys 1961 Tr ia SS l c Triadithyris Oagys 1963 Tfrebratulacea Gray 1840 Terebratula gregariaeformis Zuqmayer 1882 T ria ss i c Triathyris Comte 1938 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Terebratula muc ronata Verneuil 1850 De vonian Trichochonetes Roberts 1976 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 T ri c hochonete s perpendiculari s Roberts C a rboni fe rons 1 976 Trichorhynch i a Buckman 1917 Rhyne hone l l acea Gray 184 8 Rhynchonetla deslonqcham ps i i Davidson J u ra ss i c 1852 Trichothyris Puckman 1917 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Dictyothyris compressa Kitchin 1897 J u r a s s i c Tricoria C oo per 8.G r a n t 1976 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 1848 Tricoria hirpex Cooper&Grant 1976 Permian T ridens ills Su 19 76 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Tridensilis gibbosa Su 1976 Devonian Trifidarcula Elliott 1959 Terebratellacea King 1850 Terebratella trifida Meyer 1864 Cretaceous Trifidorostetlum Sartenaer 1961 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Leiorhynchus dunbarense Haynes 1916 Devonian-Mississippian Trigeria Bayle 1878 Retziacea Waagen 1883 Terebratula guerangeri Verneuil 1850 D e v o ni an Trigonellina Buckman 1907 Terebratellacea King 1850 Terebratulites pectunculus Schlotheim Jurassic 1820 NUMBER 42 177 Trigonirhynche1la Dagys 1963 R hy n c hon e l l ac e a Gray 184 8 Trigon i rhynchia trigona Dagys 1961 T r i a s s i c Trigonirhynchia Cooper 194 2 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Uncinulina fallaciosa Pa yl e 1878 Devonian Trigonithyris Muir-Wood 1935 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Triqonithyris eruduweosis Muir-Wood 1935 Jurassic Triqonoglossa *> un h a r &C on d r a 1932 Lingulacea Henke 1828 Lingula nebrasc ens is Meek 1872 Carbom ferous Trigonosemus Koenig 1825 T e re b r a t e l l ac ea K i nq 1850 Trigonosemus eleqans Koenig 1825 Cretaceous Trigonotreta Koenig 1825 Spiriferacea King 1846 Trigonotreta stokesi Koenig 1825 Permian Trigonotrophia Andreeva 1972 Poraaibonitacea havidson 1853 Idiostrophia paucicostata Cooper 1956 Ordovic i a n Trigrammaria Wilson 1^45 Strophomenacea King 1846 Trigrammaria trigonalis Wilson 1945 Ordovic ian Trimerella Rillinqs 1862 Trimerellacea Davidson&K ing 1872 Trimerella grandis Billings 1862 Si luria n Trimurellina Mitchell 1977 Plectanbonitacea Jones 1928 Trimurellina superba Mitchell 1977 Ordovic ian Triplecella Wilson 1932 Oayiacea Waagen 1883 Triplecella diplicata Wilson 1932 Ordovician Triplesia Hall 1859 Triplesiacea Schuchert 1913 Atrypa extans Emmons 1842 Ordovician-Si lurian Triseptata Bondarev 1965 Poranbonitacea havidson 1853 Triseptata nelidovi Bondarev 1965 Ordovic ian Triseptothyris Xu 1978 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 T riseptot hyri s yanjinensis Xu 1978 T r i a ss i c Tritoechia IJ l r i ch &C oope r 193 6 C l itam bon i tacea Winchell&Schue hert 1893 Deltatreta typica Ulrich 1932 Ordovic ian Trocha locyrtina Wright 1975 Suessiacea Waaqen 1883 Trocha l ocyrtina flemingi Wright 1975 Devonian Trochifera Ching&Ye 1979 Cance 11 othyridacea Thomson 1926 Trochifera bangonica Ching&Ye 1979 Cretaceous Trondorthis Neuman 1974 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Orthambonites bifurcatus Cooper 1956 Ordovic ian Tropeothyris Smirnova 1972 Terebratu lacea Gray 1840 Tropeothyris kugusemi Smirnova 1972 Cretaceous Trophisina Cooper&Grant 1976 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Trophisina fenaria Cooper&Grant 1976 Permian Tropidelasma Cooper&Grant 1969 Derbyiacea Stehli 1954 Tropidelasma culmenatum Cooper&Grant 1969 Permian Tropidoglossa Rowell 1966 Lingulacea Henke 1828 Linnarssonelld modesta Walcott 1908 C a mbrian Trop i doleptus Hall 1857 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Strophomena carinata Conrad 1839 D e voni an Trop i dothyris Cooper 1956 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Tropidothyris pentagona Cooper 1956 Ordovician 178 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY T ropior hync hi a Ruckman 1917 Rhynchonell a c e a Gray 1848 Rhynchone lla thalia Orbigny 1850 Jurassic Trotlandella Neuman 1°74 Strophomenacea King 1846 Trotlandella loki Neuman 1974 Ordovician Trucizetina Havlicek 1974 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Trucizetina subrotundata Havlicek 1974 Ordovician Truncalosia Imbrie 1959 Strophalos i acea Schuchert 1913 Truncalosia qibbosa Imbrie 1959 Devonian Tschatkalia Nikiforova 1964 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Tschatkalia unica Nikiforova 1964 Si l u r i a n T s c h e r ny s c h e w i a Stoyanow 1910 Aulostegacea Muir-Wood SCooper 1960 Tschernyschewia typica Stoyanow 1910 Permian Tubaria Muir-Uood8Cooper 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Productus genuinus kutorga 1844 Permian Tubegatane l l a Prosorovska] a 1968 Zeilteriacea Allan 1040 Tubegatane l la repmanae Prosorovskaja 1968 Jurassi c Tubersulculus Waterhouse 1971 Productacea Gray 1840 Tubersulculus maximus Waterhouse 1971 Permian Tubithyris Ruckman 1917 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Terebratu la wrighti Davidson 1855 Jurassic Tubulostroohia Havlicek 1967 S t r o p h om en a c e a King 1846 Leptaena fugax Barrande 1848 Devonian Tudiaophomena Xian 1978 Stropbomenacea King 1846 Tudiaophomena plicata Xian 1978 Si l u ria n Tufoleptina Havticek 1961 Plectambonitacea Jones 19?8 Tufoleptina tufogena Havlicek 1961 Si lu ria n lulathyris Grunt 1976 Athyridacea "cCoy 1844 Athyris vogdti Peetz 1893 C a rbon i ferous Tulcumbella Campbe l l8Engel 1963 Chonetacea °ronn 1862 Tulcumbella microstriata Campbe l l8Enge l 1963 Mi ssissippian Tulipina Smirnova 1962 Terehratellacea King 1850 Zeilleria koutaisensis Loriol 1896 Cretaceous Tulungospirifer ChinqRSun 1976 Spi r i fer inacea Davidson 1884 Spiri fenna stracheyi Salter 1865 Tnassic Tunarinia Solomina 8Grlgor) eva 1973 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Tumarinia orientalis Grigorjewa 1973 Permian Tunarites CooperRMuir-Woof 1951 Lingulacea Menke 1828 Tunaria cochambina Hoek 1912 Or dovic ian Tungussotoechia Lnpushinsk a]a 1976 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 184 8 Stegerhynchus tungussensis Lopiishinskaja 1972 Si lu ria n Tunisiglossa M assa et al 1977 Lingulacea Menke 1828 Tunisiglossa t rlpoli tanea Massa et al 1977 Ordovic ian Torknenithy ris Prosorovskaja 1962 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Turk merit hyris krimholzi Prosorovskaja 1962 Jurassic Turriculum Greqorio 1930 Uncertain Turriculum imperans Greqorio 193C P e r m i a n Tuvaella Tschernyscheu 1937 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Tuvaella rackovskii Tschernyschew 1937 Si lurian NUMBER 42 179 Twenhofelia ROuCOtSSmith 1978 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Strjcklandia enplo'tensis Shrock8Twenhofel 1939 Si lurian Tyersella Philip 1962 halmane l lacea Schuchert 1913 Tyersella typica Philip 1962 Si luria n-fevonian Tyloplecta Muir-WoodSCooper 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Productus scabr icutus Freeh 1911 Permian Tylospiriferina Xu 1978 Suessiacea Waaqen 1883 Tylo spiriferina typica Xu 1978 T r i a ss a c Tylothyris Nprth 1920 Spiriferacea King 1846 Cyrtia laminosa McCoy 1844 Devonian-Miss issippian Tyrganiella Kulkov 1970 Athyridacea McCoy 1 ? 44 Tyrganiella repentina Kulkov 1970 Devonian Tyronella Mitchell 1977 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 .Tyronella killeyensis Mitchell 1977 Ordovi c ian Tyrothyris Opik 1953 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Tyrothyris tyro Opik 1953 Si lurian Uchtella Ljaschenko 1973 Rhynchpnellacea Gray 1848 Hypothyrid i na praesemi l ukiana Ljaschenko 1958 Devonian U c h t o s p i r i f e r Ljaschenko 1957 Spiriferacea King 1846 Uchtospir i fer nalivkini Ljaschenko 195 7 Devonian Ujandinella Baranov 1977 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Ujandinella remssi f ormi s Baranov 19 77 De voni an Ukoa Opik 1932 Plec tamboni tacea Jones 192 8 Ukoa orna ta Opik 1932 Ordovician Ulbospirifer Gretchischnikova 1965 Spiriferacea King 1846 Ulbospirifer altaicus Gretchischnikova 1965 Mi ssiss ippian Uldziathyris Grunt 1977 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Uldziathyris tikhonovi Grunt 1977 Mississippian Umboanctus Waterhouse 1971 Productacea Gray 1840 Umboanctus spinosus Waterhouse 1971 Pennsylvanian Uncinella Waagen 1883 Athyrisinacea Grabau 1931 Uncinella indica Waagen 1883 Permian Uncinulus Bayle 1878 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Hemithyris subuilsoni Orbigny 1850 Devonian Uncinunell ina Grabau 1932 R hy n c hon e l l a c e a Gray 184 8 Uncinulus theobaldi Waaqen 1884 Permian Uncisteges JinqSHu 1978 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Marginifera crenulata Ting 1966 Permian Uncites Defranee 1825 Dayiacea Waagen 1883 Terebratu l ites gryphus Schlotheim 1820 Devonian Undaria Muir-Wood8Cooper 1960 Productacea Gray 1840 Undaria manxensis Muir—Wood&Cooper 1960 Mississ iDpian Undatrypa Copper 1978 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Terebratula munieri Gruenewaldt 1854 Devonian Undellaria CooperSGrant 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Undellaria magnifica CooperSGrant 1975 P e r m i a n Undiferina Cooper 1956 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Undiferina rugosa Cooper 1956 Ordovician 180 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Undispirifer Havlicek 195? Reticulanacea Uaagen 18 83 Spirifer und items Roemer 1844 Devonian Undispiriferoides Xian 1978 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Undisp i ri fero ides huishuiensis Xian Aevoni a n 1978 Undithyrella Havlicek 1971 Atrypacea Rill 1871 Undithyrella undosa Havlicek 1971 Ordovician Undulella Cooper&Grant 1969 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Undulella undulata CooperSGrant 1969 Permian Ungula Pander 1830 Lingulacea Menke 1828 Unqula convexa Pander 1833 Cambrian-Ordovician Unispirifer Campbell 1957 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer striatoconvo1utus BensonSDun 1920 Mississippian Uralella Makridin I960 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Terebratula strogonofii Orbigny 1845 JuraSsi c Uralina Schuchert%LeVene 1929 Lyttoniacea Waaaen 1883 Uralia tastubaensis Licharew 1925 PennSylvanian-Permian Uralorhynchia hagys 1968 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Terebratula striatissima Eichuald 1865 J ii r a ss i c Uralospira Mizens 1977 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Uralospira tenuicostata Mizens 1977 De vonian Ura l osp i rifer Havlicek 1959 Spiriferacea King 1846 Spirifer mansy Khodalevich 1951 Devonian Uralotoechia Sapelnikov 1963 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Uralotoechia vaqranensis Sapelnikov Si l ii r i a n 1963 Urbanirhynchia Katz 1974 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Urbanirhynchia urbani Katz 1974 Cretaceous Urbimena Havlicek 1976 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Urbimena mareki Havlicek 1976 0 r do vic ian Urella Rzonsnitzkaja I960 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Urella asiatica Rzonsnitzkaja I960 D e v o ni an Urushtenia L icharew 193 5 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Productus pseudomedusa Tsc hernyscheu Pe r mian 1 902 Urusht enoidea Jinq&Hu 1978 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Urushtenia chaoi Ching 1963 Pe rmia n Ushkolia MartynovaiSverbilova 1969 Cy rtiacea Fredericks 1924 Ushkolia litvinovitshae Martynova&Sv 0 e v o n i an erbilova 1969 Ussuricanara Koczyrkevicz 1969 Stenoscismatacea Oehlert 1887 Ussuricamara ma jchensis Koczyrkevicz Permian 1 969 Ussurirhynchia Koczyrkevicz 1976 Basiliolacea Cooper 1959 Ussurirhynchia lichareui Koczyrkevic Permian z 1976 Vaga Sapelnikov et al 1973 Pentaueracea McCoy 1844 Vaga sinualis Sapelnikov et al 1973 Ordovician Vagranella Sapelnikov I960 Pent ameracea McCoy 1844 Subriana diversoplicata Sapelnikov 1960 Si l ii r i a n Vagrania Alekseeva 1959 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Atrypa kolymensis Nalivkin 1936 De vonia n Valcourea Raymond 1911 Orthacea Uoodvard 1852 Plaesiomys strophome noides Raymond 190 5 Or dovician NUMBER 42 181 Valdaria PassettSCocks 1 9 7 A Davidsoniacea King 1850 Valdiviathyris Helmcke 1940 Craniacea Menke 1828 Vallomyonia Johnson 1966 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 Vandercammen i na Boucot 197 5 Suessiacea Waagen 1883 Vandergrachte 11 a Crickmay 1953 Spiriferacea King 1846 Vandobiella Pojariskaja 1966 TerebrateUacea King 1850 Vaniella Kvakhadze 1974 TerebrateUacea King 1850 Variatrypa Copper 1966 Atrypacea Pill 1871 Vec t e l l a Owen 1965 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Vediproduetus Sarytcheva 1965 Product acea Gray 1840 Veg h i r h yn c h i a fi agys 1974 Basiliolacea Cooper 1959 Veliseptum Popov 1976 Acrotretacea Schuchert 1893 Vellamo Opik 1930 C l i tambonitacea W i nc h e l l &S c h uc h e r t 1893 Velostrophia Havlicek 1965 Strophouenacea Kinq 1846 Venezuelia Uleisbord 1926 Uncertain Verchojania Abramov 1970 Productacea Gray 1840 Verkhotomia Sokolskaja 1963 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Vermiculotheeidea Elliott 1953 Thecideacea Gray 1840 Verneuilia HallSClarke 1893 Reticulariacea Waagen 1883 Ve* Hoover 1979 Terebratu l acea Gray 1840 Viallithyris Voros 1978 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Viarhynchia Calzada 1974 Rhynchone l l acea Gray 184 8 Victorithyris Allan 1940 Terebrate 11 acea King 1850 Viligella baqys 1965 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 Valdaria testudo Bassett&Cocks 1974 Silurian V ald i v i athyris quenstedti Helmcke 1940 Recent Skenidium devonicum Walcott 1884 P e v onian Spirifer triqeri Verneuil 1850 Devonian Vanderqrachtella arcuum Crickmay 1953 Devonia n Vandobiella oerpusilla =ojariskaja 1966 J n ra ss i c Vaniella sinuata Kvakhadze 1974 Cretaceous Desnuamatia ajugata Copper 1965 Devonian Waldheimia celtica Morris 1854 Cretaceous Vediproductus vediensis Sarytcheva 1965 Permian Rhynchonella arpadica Pittner 1902 Triassic Veliseptum fragile Popov 1976 0 r dovician Orthis verneuil i Eichuald 1841 Ordovician Strophomena insolita Barrande 1879 Devonian Vitulina venezuelensis Weisbord 1926 Devonian Jakutoproductus cheraskqwi Kaschirzev 1959 Carboni ferous Verkhotomia plenoides Sokolskaja 1963 Carboniferous T er e b r a t u l i t e s vermicularis Schlotheim 1813 Cretaceous Spirifer cheiroptyx ArchiacSVerneuil 1842 De voni a n Terebratu la semisimplex White 1879 Triassic Terebratu la gozzanensis Parona 1880 J u ra ss i c Rhynchonella cerdanyolae Bataller 1947 Cretaceous Victor i thyris p eterbor oughensis Allan 1940 Tertiary Mentzelia rotunda Tuchkov 1956 Triassic 182 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Viligothyris Dagys 1968 Loboidothyridacea Makridin 1 96 A Viliqothyris orientalis Dagys 1968 J u r a ss i c Villicundella LevyRNullo 1974 Enteletacea Waagen 1 R 3 4 Villicundella mozetici LevyRNullo 1974 0 rdovician Vincia Gregorio 1930 Lyttoniacea Waagen 1883 Lyttonia asymmetrica Gregorio 1930 Permian V i rb mm Gregorio 1930 Uncertain Virbium turbeco linum Greqorio 1930 Permian Virgiana Twenhofel 1914 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 PentameruS Darrandei Billings 1857 Si lu ria n Virgianella Nikiforova et al Pentameracea McCoy 1844 1 971 Virgianella vai gat sc hens is Nikiforova 1971 Si lu ria n Virginiata Amsden 1968 Strophomenacea Kinq 1846 Cam arotoechia arkansana Thomas 1926 Silurian Virgoria Neuman 1977 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Virgoria virgensis Neuman 1977 Ordovician Viruella Roomusoks 1959 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Souerbyella litiifera Ooik 1930 Ordovician Visbyella Walmsley et al 1968 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Orthis visbyensis Lindstrom 1861 Silurian Vitiliproductus ChingRLiao 1974 Productacea Gray 1840 Prodnctus groeberi Krenkel 1913 Carboniferous Vltavothyris Havlicek 1956 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Vltavothyris svobodai Havlicek 1956 Devonian Voiseyella Roberts 1964 Spiriferacea King 1846 St rophopl eura anterosa Campbell 1957 Mississipoian Volborthia Noller 1870 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Acrotreta recurva Kutorga 1848 Ordovician Volirhynchia Dagys 1974 R h y n c hon e l l a c ea Gray 184 8 Rhynchonella vo li tans Bittner 1890 T ria ss i c Vosmiverstum Rr ei veUBre i v el Pentameracea McCoy 1844 1 970 Conchidium triquetrum Sapelnikov 1961 Si lurian Uaagenites Paeckelmann 1930 Chonetacea Pronn 1862 Chonetes grandicosta Waagen 1884 Permian Uaagenoconcha Chao 1927 Productacea Gray 1840 Productus humboldti Orbigny 1842 Pennsylvanian-Permian Waconella Owen 1970 Terebrate l lacea King 1850 Terebratula wacoensis Roemer 1852 C retaceous Waiparia Thomson 1920 Terebrate l lacea King 1850 Pachymagas abnormis Thomson 1917 Tertiary Uairakiella Waterhouse 1967 Rhynchonel l acea Gray 184 8 Wairakiella rostrata Waterhouse 1967 Permian Waisiuthyr i na Beets 194 3 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Wais i uthyrina margineplicat a Beets 194 3 T e r t i a r y Ualcottina Cobbold ''921 Paterinacea Schuchert 1893 Walcottina lapworthi Coobold 1921 C a m b r ian Wa l k e r i t h y r i s C ox 8M i dd l e m i ss Terebratulacea Gray 1840 1 978 Walkerithyris mendax Cox8Middlemiss 1978 Cretaceous NUMBER 42 183 Waltonia Davidson 1850 TerebratelUcea King 1850 Wardakia Termier et al 1 9 7 A Davidsoniacea King 1850 Warrenella Crickmay 1953 Deticulariacea Waagen 1883 Warsauia Carter 1974 Spiriferacea King 1846 Wa 1 1onithyr i s Muir-Wood 1936 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Wattsella Bancroft 19?8 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Weberithyris Smirnova 1969 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Weiningia Chinq8Liao 1974 Davidson i acea Kinq 1850 Weldonithyris Muir-Wood 1952 Terebratulacea Gray 1840 Wellerella Dunbar&Condra 1932 Rhyne honet l acea Gray 1848 Werneckeella Lenz 1971 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Werriea Campbell 1957 Davidsoniacea Kinq 1850 Westonia Walcott 1901 lingulacea Menke 1828 UfStralicrania Cockbain 1967 Craniacea Menke 1828 Whidbornella Reed 1943 Produc tacea Gray 1840 Whitfie l del l a HallSClarke 1893 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Whitfieldia Davidson 1882 Athyridacea McCoy 1844 Whitspakia Stehli 1964 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Whittardia Williams 1974 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Wilberrya Yancey 1978 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Wilsoniella Khalfin 1939 Rhynchonel lacea Gray 1848 Wimanella Walcott 1908 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Winterfeldia Spriestersbach 1942 Dayiacea Waagen 1883 Wittenburqella Daqys 1959 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Waltonia valenc iennesi Davidson 1850 Tertiary-Recent Derbyia grandis Waagen 1884 Pennsylvanian-Permian Warrenella eclectea Crickmay 1953 Devonian Spirifer lateralis Hall 1858 Mississ ippian Watton i thyris wattonensis Muir-Wood 1936 J u ra ss i c Wattsella wattsi Bancroft 1928 Ordovic lan-Si lurian Rectithyris moisseevi Weber 1949 Cretaceous Weiningia transversa Ching&Liao 1974 Carboniferous Weldon i thyris weldonensis Muir-Wood 1952 Jurassic Wellerella tetrahedra DunbarSCondra 1932 Pennsylvanian-Permian Werneckeella hartensis Lenz 1971 Devonian Werriea australis Campbell 1957 Permian Lingula aurora Hall 1861 Cambrian-Ordovician Westra l icrania allani Cockbain 1967 Tertiary Leptaena caperata Souerby 1840 Devonian Atrypa nitida Hall 1843 Si lurian-Devonian Atrypa tu mi da Dalman 182 8 Si lurian-Devoni an Dielasma b i ple* Waagen 188 2 Permian Whittardia paradoxica Williams 1974 Ordovician Wilberrya fragilis Yancey 1978 Permian Wilsoniella prima Khalfin 1939 Devonian Wimanella simplex Walcott 1908 Cambrian Uncites paulinae Winterfeld 1895 D e vo ni a n W i 11 enbur qe l l a minuta Dagys 1959 T r i a ss i c 184 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Wofobievetla Daqys 1°59 Zeilteriacea Allan 1940 W y a t k i n a Fredericks 1951 Strophalos iacea Schuchert 1913 Wyella Khodalevich 1939 Pentameracea M C Coy 184 a Uyndhamia booker 1930 Strophalosiacea Schuchert 1913 Uynnia Walcott 1912 Uncertain Wysogorskie 11a Hints 1975 Enteletacea Waaqen 1884 X an a Garcia-Alcalde 1 0 7 2 Stringocephalacea King 1850 Xenambonites Cooper 1956 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Xenelasma U l r i c h&C o o p e r 1936 Porasbon itacea Davidson 1853 Xene lasmella Rozman 1964 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Xenizostrophia Su 1976 Davidson iacea King 1850 Xenomartinia Havlicek 1953 Reticu l ariacea Waagen 18 83 Xenorthis Ulrich8Cooper 1936 8 illingsellacea Schuchert 1893 Xenosaria CooperSGrant 1976 A thy r i da cea M c Coy 1844 Xenospirifer HouRxian 1975 Spiriferacea King 1846 Xenosteges m u i r-Wood 8 C oo pe r I960 Aulostegacea Muir-Wood8Cooper 1960 Xenostrophia Uang 1974 Strophomenacea King 1846 Xenothyris Ch i nq»RongSSun 1976 Ierebrate l l acea Kinq 185 0 Xenospirifer Havlicek 1978 Spiriferacea Kinq 1846 Xerxespir i fer Cocks 1979 Spiriferacea King 1846 Xestosia Cooper 8Grant 1975 Productacea Gray 1840 Xestotrema CooperSGrant 1969 Spir i ferinacea Davidson 1884 Xianqzhounia NiSYanq 1977 Stringocephalacea King 1850 X manor t h i s Xu» RongSL i u 1974 Orthacea Woodward 1852 Worobievella caucasica Dagys 1959 T r i a ssi c Aulosteges qigas Net schaeu 1894 Permian Eichualdia uralica Tsche my scheu 1893 Si l u ria n Uyndhamia dalwoodensis Booker 1930 P e r m i a n Orthis warthi Waagen 1891 Cambrian Wysogorsk i ella litviensis Hints 1975 Ordoviclan Xana bubo Garcia-Alcalde 1972 D e v o ni an Xenambonites undosus Cooper 1956 Ordovician Xenelasma s y n t r op h i o i d es L) l r i c h8 C ooper 1936 0 rdovic i an Xenelasmella graci^sa Rozman 1964 Ordovic ian Xenizostrophia spinosa S ii 1976 Devonian Xenomartinia monosepta Havlicek 1953 Devonian Strophomena stosei Rassler 1919 Cambrian-Ordovician Xenosaria exotica CooperSGrant 1976 Permian Spirifer fonqi Grabau 1931 D e voni an Xenosteges adherens Muir-Wood 8 Cooper I960 Permian Shaleria yukiangensis Wang 1956 Devonian Xenothyris tuilaensis Ching , Rong8Sun 1976 Cretaceous Xerospirifer excelsus Havlicek 1078 Devonian X er x e s pi r i f e r iranicus Cocks 1979 Si lurian Xestosia obsolescens CooperSGrant 1975 Permian Spirifera pulchra Meek 1860 Permian Xianqzhounia typica Ni&Yang 1977 De vonian Xinanorthis striata Xu/RongSLiu 1974 Ordovic ian Xinanospirifer Rong/XulYanq 1 974 Xina no soi r 1 fer flabellum Rong,Xu8Yang 1974 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Silurian NUMBER 42 185 xinshaoella Zhao 197? Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 X i zangostrophia Ronq 1976 Porambonitaces Davidson 1853 Xystostrophia Havlicek 1965 Orthotet ac ea Waagen 1884 Yabeithyris Nat ai 194 8 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Yagonia Roberts 1976 Chonetacea Hronn 1862 Yakovlevia Fredericks 1925 Productacea Gray 1840 Yakutijaella Baranov 1977 Rhyncbonellacea Gray 1848 Yanbianella Tong 1978 Rhyncbonellacea Gray 1848 Yangtzeella Kolarova 1925 Porambonitacea Davidson 1853 Yanguania Yanq 1977 Productacea Gray 1840 Yanishewskiella Lichareu 1957 Rhynehonellacea Gray 1848 Yanospira haqys 1977 Spiriferinacea Davidson 1884 Yatsengina Semichatova 1936 Spiriferacea King 1846 Yeosinella Reed 1933 Uncertain Ygera Havticek 1961 Plectambonitacea Jones 192 8 Ygerodiscus Havlicek 1967 Plectambonitacea Jones 1928 Yidunella Chinq*SunSYe 1979 Rhynehonellacea Gray 1848 Yingtangella BaiSYing 1978 Str i nqocephalacea Kinq 185 0 Yingvusp i r i fer Rong/XuSiang 1974 Uncertain Xinshaoella huaqiaoensis Zhao 1977 De voni an Xizangost rophia sinensis Ronq 1976 Ordovician Terebratu lites umbraculum Schlotheim 1820 Devonian Yabeithyris notoensis H3tai 1948 Tertiary Yagonia gibberensis Roberts 1976 Pennsylvanian Chonetes kaluzi nensis Fredericks 192 5 Permian Yakutijaella dubatolovi Baranov 1977 Devonian Yanbianel la dorsiconvexa Tong 1978 C a rboni ferous Triplecia poloi Martelli 1901 Or do vi c i an Spinulicosta dushanensis Yang 1964 Mississippi an Goniophoria angulata Janischewsky 1910 Mi ssissippian Yanospira bychkovi DaqyS 1977 T rlassi c Yatsengina plana Semichatova 1936 Carboni ferous Yeosinetla consignata Reed 1933 Ordovician Ygera ygerens Havlicek 1961 Si luria n Leptaena transversal is Salter 1848 Or dovic ian Yidunella raaqna Chinq»Sun8Ye 1979 T r i a ss i c Rhipidothyris sulcatilis Hou 1963 D e voni a n Yingwuspirifer orientalis Rong,Xu&Yang 1974 ^ i I iiri a n Yochelsonia Stehli 1961 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Yorkia Walcott 1897 Kutorginacea Schuchert 1893 Ypsilorhynchus Sartenaer 1970 Rhynchonetlacea Gray 1848 Yrctospi r i fer Gatinaud 1949 Spiriferacea King 1846 Yuezhuella Chinq&Ye 1979 Terebratellacea Kinq 1850 Yunnanella Grabau 1°23 Rhynchone l l a cea Gray 184 8 Yochelsonia thomasi Stehli 1961 Pe rmia n Yorkia wanneri Walcott 1897 Cambrian Leiorhync hus manetoe McLaren 1962 Devonian Spirifer pellizzarii Grabau 1931 Devonian Yuezhuella minor Ching&Ye 1979 Cretaceous Rhynchonella hanburi i Davidson 1853 D e v oni a n 186 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY Zaissania Sokolskaja ir, 68 Sp i r i ferinacea Davidson 1884 Zanc torhyncha Xu 1979 Rhynchonel l ac ea Gray 184 8 Zdimir Barrande 1881 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Zdimirella Tcherkesova 1973 Pentameracea McCoy 1844 Zeilleria °ay le 1878 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Zeillerina Kyansep 1959 Zeilleriacea Allan 1940 Zejszneri a Siemiradzki 192 2 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Zellania Moore 1855 Terebratellacea King 1850 Zera vsbanotoechia Rzonsnit zkaja Rhynchonel lacea Gray 184 8 Zeuschneria Smirnova 1975 Terebrat el Ucea K i nq 1850 Zhidothyris C h i n g , S u n *4 y e 1979 T e re b r a t e l l a c e a King 1850 Zhonghuacoelia Chen 1978 Cyrtiacea Fredericks 1924 Zia Sutherland8Harlow 1973 Productacea Gray 1840 Ziganella Nalivkin 1960 Sp i r i ferinacea Davidson 1884 Zilimia Nalivkin 1947 Rhynchonellacea Gray 1848 Zittelina Rollier 1919 Terebrate l lacea King 185 0 Zlichepyramis Havlicek 1975 Enteletacea Waagen 1884 Z l i cho r hynchus Havlicek 1963 R h y n c h on e l l a c e a Gray 184 8 Zophostroph i a Veevers 1959 Strophomenacea King 1846 Zugmayerella Dagys 1963 Suessiacea Waagen 1883 Zoqoayeria Uaaqen 1882 Dielasmatacea Schuchert 1913 Zygatrypa Copper 1977 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Zygospira Hall 1862 At rypace a Gill 1871 Zygosoiraella Nikiforova 1961 Atrypacea Gill 1871 Zaissania zaissanica 3e-snossova et al 1968 Carboniferous Zanc lorhyncha gentilis Xu 1979 Ordovician Zdimir solus Barrande 1881 Devonian Zdimirella kuzmini Tcherkesova 1973 Devonian T erebratu la cornuta Souerby 1824 Jurassi c Zeilleria belbekensis Moisseiev 1934 Jurassic Orthisina davyi Barrois 1886 Devonian Zellania davidsoni Moore 1855 Jurassic 1977 Zeravshanotoechia zeravshanica R z o n s n i t z k a j a 1977 Devonian Zeuschneria imitabilis Smirnova 1975 Jurassic Zhidothyris carinata Ching^Sun&Ye 1979 Triass i c Zhonghuacoelia bispina Chen 1978 De voni a n Zia novamexicana Sut herlandSHarlou 1973 Pennsylvanian Ziganella ziganensis Nalivkin I960 Mississippi an Rhynchonella polonica Gurich 1896 D e v onian T erebratu la orb is Quenstedt 1858 Jurassic Zlichopyramis tibicen Havlicek 1975 Ordovician Zlichorhynchus hiatus Havlicek 1963 D e v oni a n Zophostrophia ungamica Veevers 1959 Devonian Spiriferina koessenensis Zugmayer 1882 T r i a s s i c Terebratula rhaetica Zuqmayer 1880 T r i a ss i c Zygospira paupera Billings 1866 Si lurian Atrypa modesta Say 184 7 Ordovician Terebratula duboisi Verneuil 1845 Ordovician-Si lur ian Literature Cited Abramov, B. 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