■

r,

i Os \ s _

THE

MACROLEPIDOPTERA
OF THE WORLD

A SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE
HITHERTO KNOWN MACROLEPIDOPTERA

IN COLLABORATION WITH WELL-KNOWN SPECIALISTS

EDITED BY

Dr. ADALBERT SEITZ, Professor

v

DIVISION I: FAUNA PALAEARCTICA VOL. 1—4
WITH SUPPLEMENT — VOL. 1—4

DIVISION II: FAUNA EXOTICA VOL. 5 — 16
PALAEONTOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY
OF THE MACROLEPIDOPTERA — VOL. 17

SUPPLEMENT TO VOL. 2.

ALFRED KERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART

19 3 4

THE

PALAE ARCTIC
BOMBYCES AND
SPHINGES

WITH 1 6 PLATES

SUPPLEMENT

v

ALFRED KERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART

19 3 4

All rights reserved.

Printed in Germany.

Copyright 1934 by Alfred Kernen, Verlag, Stuttgart.

Printed by H. Laupp jr, Tubingen.

Preface.

The 2nd Volume of the Supplementary Series, which is now ready for publication marks a further
step in our task. It denotes the collating of all the information in regard to the palaearctie Bombyces and
Sphinges that has been published since the issue of the Mam Volume 2 about 20 years ago. Our object
lias been to give an abstract of all knowledge that has become available and to present same m such a
way that it complements and amplifies the particulars given in the original Volume.

It will be observed that this Supplement contains and defines almost the same number of names
as the corresponding Volume of the Main Series, which dealt with all the matter known up to the year
1912. This circumstance might lead one to think that in the last two decades a great number of new dis-
coveries have been made. It is quite true that, especially so far as concerns Japan and the Fai East, m j
new forms have been made known to science and our knowledge of palaearctie N. Africa has been conside¬
rably enlarged by the activities of Harold Powell, Oberthur and Lord Rothschild. But the mam increase
in the denominations over the period under review has been by the giving of names to any slight variation
from normal type. This obsession of denominating such specimens and claiming the right of priority for
the author of every new denomination, has become almost intolerable.

In Volume 2 of the Main Series the editor had indicated in his diagnosis of the Genus Zygaena
(on p 18) certain definite directions of variation. This was intended to eliminate the naming of each of
these varieties, especially as same are not limited to any particular species, but apply to the ^entire . G •
It was mentioned there that the red-belted species of Zygaena may occur exceptionally ™thout belts . that
the red forms may be found with yellow colouration, that six-spotted species may develop but a spots and
the inverse To have recognised these facts would have prevented the almost innumerable denominations
of "cingntata", etc, or at all events would have set a limit to such a procedure. No success attended

this attempt at rationalism. The inclusion and description of all these aberrations of the one Genus Zy-
gaena comprises 73 pages and over 300 illustrations, i. e. one quarter of the entire Volume.

Some method must be found of preventing the small number of indispensable and scientifically valuable
names being submerged by this flood of dispensable denominations. The jurisdiction m such a rnattei
cannot however be effected in a work of reference such as the present one that is limited to space and
consequent brevity. As stated in the Preface to the 1st Volume of the Mam Series one of the main objects
of this Work is to enable collectors to find a definition and description of every name that may be ounc
in literature, in any Museum or private collection, in descriptions of fauna or m any trade offer re at n
same For such a purpose it is actually quite immaterial, whether the result be a negative one (viz.
the form in question if a valueless freak of nature) or a positive one (he. that a fust class rarrty » ^con¬
cerned) The editor was forced, from the commercial aspect., to consider the wishes of his i subscnbem <
disregard the strictly scientific standpoint, which would have appealed to only about 5 V„ of his readers^
The other 95% that study entomology as a matter of sport, or as a hobby, frequently take more m ..
in a denominated aberration of some local indigenous species than in an exotic rarity fiom far '

VI

PREFACE.

Our readers will best be able to judge the attitude of this work towards the methods of denomination,
from the fact that whilst the index embraces some 5000 names, barely 100 denote new denominations that
have been made in this Volume. Of these a number represent re-denominations that had become nomen-
claturally necessary.

Just as in the case of the text, we have endeavoured in the plates of the Supplementary Volume
to bring everything up to date. Such illustrations that had not turned out satisfactorily, have now been
replaced by better ones and in other cases, where 20 years ago only a description could be given, we are
now able to supply the illustration. A comparison of the new plates of the Zxjgaena and those in Volume 2
of the Main Series will show the improvements and advances in technical art during the last 2 decades.

In regard to the illustrations, it lias been possible by carefully utilising the space at our disposal
to concentrate same on to 16 plates. The editor has sought to achieve the golden mean between the pro¬
fessional zoologists, who would prefer to have no coloured illustrations at all. or only a very minimum
of same, and the “magazine enthusiasts”, who would like a fresh illustration to show every minute variation.
Experience has shown, that so far as Lepidoptera are concerned unillustrated works of reference scarcely
serve their purpose; on the other hand such works that go to the opposite extreme, as for instance Verity's
magnificent work, "R li o p a 1 o c e r a P a 1 a e a r c t i c a" have proved to be impracticable; it had to be ab¬
andoned on completion of the Papilionidae and Pieridae and after the final 20 plates had been issued in
black and white, i. e. uncoloured. Illustrations on such a comprehensive scale would also not haVe been
feasible in our Work. A simple calculation shows, that had we proposed to give a similarly extensive number
of illustrations as Verity, we should have required at least 1500 plates for our palaearctic Volumes, whilst
actually we have compressed the illustrations of same, including the Supplementary Volumes into abt. 300
plates. Thus through its moderate cost and our system of instalments, we have made our Work available
to every small club, every Institute and Scientific College and besides to the great majority of private
collectors.

As to the illustrations themselves, it has never been our intention to make a work of art of them.
I therefore pass over such criticisms as that the shaft of the antennae is too thick, or the club of same too
compact, or that the head is not quite the right shape and many other minute differences. There is a limit
to the exactitude of reproduction and quite apart from the cost, it seemed more important to expedite
the completion than to delay same by a pedantic insistence on trifling corrections. The greatest possible
care was exercised to reproduce natural typical specimens and only very few of our illustrations are made
from copies or sketches, as in such cases we were unable to control as to whether same were true to nature.
In reproducing specimens by means of photography, as we have done wherever it was possible, one cannot
avoid transmitting small changes in the shape (as for instance if a specimen has been rather too tightly
compressed in its paper transport wrapper) and these cannot alw'ays be corrected in an illustration. We
consider such irregularities to be unavoidable and are certain we may count on the indulgence of our readers,
who will appreciate the general execution of our illustrations and their trueness to nature, both in regard
to drawing and colouration. May we ask those that feel induced to criticise, to consider, that in a work
with more than 50 000 illustrations, it is impossible for every single figure without exception to be perfect.

In regard to various other points that would help our readers to understand the difficulties of plan¬
ning and publishing the Macrolepidoptera, I would refer to the Prefaces of the previous Volumes
already completed. We are constantly being reproached that the compilation of the individual paragraphs
does not in some cases cover the entity of an individual species. Often this seems to be merely an attempt
to demonstrate some immaterial inexactitude or to establish the superior knowledge of our critic. The
question of the relationship of forms and species to one another, with our insufficient knowledge of the
exact biology in so many cases, is one that still requires much elucidation. It would often be actually
impossible to make a definite assertion in these matters and to enter into an argument on such a subject
in a work of this nature, would have been a digression that would have served no purpose. Our object is
to make our work as complete as possible and to give all material details and references in the most succinct
and concise form.

It has been an anxious task for the editor to succeed in publishing the 48 parts, that have been
issued during the year 1933 in accordance with the original scheme. Thanks to the untiring efforts of the
publishers, this has been achieved and this is all the more creditable, as the difficulties that have been en¬
countered seem to have growui almost from day to day. The desperate state of affairs in the world of
finance hinders the smooth liquidation of international commercial obligations. The interchange of goods
between one country and another is now so difficult that trading has almost been brought to a standstill.
The chaos in the exchanges is equally harmful to all nations and obstructs all progress. Even the necessities

PREFACE.

VTI

of life call now no longer be interchanged and all people and states are suffering m consequence. I lit
and also the effects of same in the post-war period, have adversely influenced the study of natural sciences
and the pursuit of science as a hobby. It is satisfactory to record that just of late one can observe the
the first signs and symptoms of a revival of interest in these matters. After a period of stagnation lasting
about a decade, this change is to be welcomed and it is no doubt due to the unabated enthusiasm of the old
brigade of nature lovers, naturalists and collectors, as well as the old established entomo ogica SOCK ies arK
clubs that this has been brought about. In spite of the craze for sport, it is necessary to interest and attrac
youth and secure fresh recruits as students of entomology. It is to he hoped that from now onwarc sues la
see an ever growing interest in science.

The gratifying reception accorded to these Supplementary Volumes and the steady progiess of
Work give us cbnfidence and courage to continue our task from the completion of which nothing can now

deflect us.

Darmstadt, December 1933.

Dr. Adalbert Seitz.

Publ. 6. V. 1930.

PHALAENAE; ZYGAENIDAE. By Dr. A. Seitz.

Phalaenae, Moths.

The relationship of the Phalaenae (the designation of which in the main is the same as that of the
Heterocera), to the considerably more homogeneous “ Diurna ”, is still viewed m the same way as 20 years ago
when the relative paragraph of page 3 of the main Volume was written. The new denominations for o . -
of the supplementary work are not so numerous as for Vol. 1 and the reason for this may be that the collecting
of Heterocera is more the inclination of scientific than merely sporting collectors. Our knowledge of the detai l
of the life history of the Bombyces and Sphinges has therefore considerably increased, whilst the purely sporting
mania of denominations is less prominent; only the single group of Zygaenidae has had an inundation of names
for constantly recurring aberrations, whilst a similar flood is setting in for other favourite groups, such as t le

Syntomidae and Arctiidae.

I. Section: Bombyces.

As already mentioned in the main Volume, we have included under thisjieadmg in our “Macrolepidoptera
of the World” all those Heterocera macrolepidoptera which are contained in Vol. 2 of Ivirby s Catalogue and m
addition thereto a few moth Families, such as the Aegeriidae and Thyrdidae, which are held by many people
to be “ Microlepidoptera ”. Because the Sphingidae (which are much more closely allied to the Notodontidae
than to any other Lepidoptera) are placed between the families of the Bombyces, it is apparent that this con¬
ventional classification does not represent a final definite systematic grouping. It would be incorrect to attribute
any such significance to the retention of this grouping in the supplementary Volume and as expressed m e
closing sentence of the main Volume when dealing with this section.

1. Family: Zygaenidae, Burnets.

In dealing with the family of Zygaenidae in the main work (Vol. 2, p. 18) stress was laid on the fact
that in this family certain variations probably can occur in all species m one and the same direction. For instance
species with 6 spots can exceptionally bear only 5 spots and further species with 5 spots are frequently o ^served
bearing a sixth. Then again the spots of the forewings can be confluent in pairs or groups or all together. F inaily
in the red-belted Zygaena, the red abdominal belt can be exceptionally absent and in other species, wiere
normally absent, may exceptionally occur. This may characterise a subspecies or may be purely aberrative
of a single individual specimen. Therefore certain denominations of sub-forms of a definite type of variation
constantly recur, such as sexmaculata, confluens, cingulata, interrupta, flava etc. The discovery of such specimens
is purely a matter of chance and it might be more important to ascertain which species do not vary m these ways,
than to multiply the number of names year by year, when applying a denomination for each variation to fur ler
species Already in the main Work dozens of “ confluens ” and “ cingulata ” have been registered m relation to
Zyqaena and it seems only a question of the immediate future when the same names will be applied to those
species in which so far they are absent. When the question of a reduction in the innumerable names m Ento¬
mology is seriously approached, a decision will have to be taken as to whether such separate denominations
cannot be dispensed with (i. e. when the forms of variation are almost universal and when this can lie mentione
when describing the Genera). Some may claim justification for the names by referring to the old ( lassies who
had already allotted them, but in opposition to this, one can contend, that m those days insufficient material had
been collected to give a decisive answer to such a question as this. The subsequent classification m this wor '
does not vary from the rules observed in the original Volumes. No alteration is possible until some de ime
ruling has been made in authoritative quarters, applicable to the entire Zoology, m regard to the question o
denominations of individual forms.

Supplementary Volume 2

NEOPRYERIA; DIEIDA; PSEUDOPSYCHE; AGLAOPE. By H. Reiss.

jezoensis

pcrsa.

endoxantha.

labasi.

o

A. Subfamily Phaudinae.

1. Genus: STeopryeria Mats.

Differing from Pry evict Mr. by the almost naked abdomen, which has 2 upright tufts of hair on each
side of the last segment.

N. jezoensis Mats. (1 a) <$, head and thorax black, antennae dark brown, the shaft slightly glossy, head
and tegulae sparsely haired with dark brown, scapulae golden yellow. Thorax glossy with a few hairs on the
3rd thoracic segment. Wings almost like Pryeria sinica. Abdomen pale vermilion red with 5 somewhat darker
longitudinal streaks, a few gold-yellow hairs along the anterior half of each segment, a black spot on the posterior
part of the stigmata, a tuft of hair on the last black segment. Legs brown with brown hairs. — Hokkaido
(Sapporo) — Mount Moiva — in September.

2. Genus: I>ieida Strd.

Proboscis not visible, either quite absent or rudimentary. Palpi thin, short, pointed, porrected, with
fairly long erect hairs beneath. C'lypeus densely covered with hair scales and therefore appearing conically
truncate. Antennae pectinated overall fairly equally long and up to the tip. Pectinations thickened at the ends,
sparsely haired throughout and finely separated. Legs short and weak; hind tibiae without middle spur but
with short end spur, front tibiae with middle spur but without end spur. Claws with a blunt protuberance at
base, but without a prong. Body sparsely haired. The scant scaling of the wings, which for the greater part
are hyaline, is coarse and consists partly of long hair-like scales. Frenulum is present. Vein 1 c present on both
wings. On forewings vein No. 5 is closer to vein 4 than to vein 6, no areola, the cell is narrow in the basal half
as in Pryeria , but the subcostal and median do not touch, the costal is not conjoined distally by veins with the
margin. The cell of ail wings intersected. Hindwings with only 7 veins (No. 6 missing), costal merges with the
cell immediately at base, discocellular weakly developed and deeply angulate, the anterior corner does not
project, more than the posterior corner as in Pryeria, rather the reverse. Discocellular of forewings approxi¬
mately rectangularly interrupted,* apex slightly elongated, margin oblique, curved and considerably longer than
hindmargin. Hindwings not much more than half as long as forewings. Abdomen long and thin, extending
far beyond the hindwings.

D. persa Strd. Wing expanse 26 mm. The hyaline forewings have golden yellow hairy scaling in the
basal area and on hindmargin and costa, scarcely reaching to the apex and which is somewhat darker in the
apical half of the costal band than at base. Veins sparsely dusted with black in the hyaline area. Fringes black.
Hindwings as forewings. Body black, head, collar and back of thorax with golden yellow hairs; abdomen with
5 — 6 narrow, golden yellow, partly indistinctly separated transverse bands of hairs. Legs black with yellow
tibiae and tarsi. Antennae and their pectinations black, palpi golden yellow. Persia.

3. Genus: I*seu€lopsyche Oberth.

F. endoxantha Puny. (1 a). $. Wings semi-transparent, sparsely dusted with black, veins blackish,

marginal line blackish, fairly heavy, fringes black-grey. Fore wings narrow and elongated with oblique margin,
fairly heavily scaled with bright yellow to the middle of the cell, then darkly dusted in band formation; hindwings
sparsely dusted with yellow in basal area, inner margin dark, anal angle rounded not projecting. Underside
paler than upperside, faintly dusted overall with yellow. Body a lively yellow with long hairs, palpi dark with
long hairs, antennae thin and serrated, yellowish, pectus dark. Legs yellowish, abdomen short. Probably
belongs to a new Genus, which however cannot be definitely ascertained until we have knowledge of the (J.
Amur territory, Kasakewitsch. At end of May. The specimen illustrated is from the Berlin Museum.

B. Subfamily Chalcosiinae.

4. Genus: Aglaope Latr.

A. labasi Oberth. (1 a) entirely different from infausta by the rose border close to the margin of the
forewings and the extension of the rose colour on the hindwings, so that only a narrow blackish border is left.
The apex of hindwings has a heavier black margin towards the costa. Body and antennae black with red collar.
Head of S black, in the $ there is a tuft of carmine red hairs between the eyes. Antennae of $ serrated, of $
setiform. Djebel Tisdadine, Morocco at an altitude of 2400 m in July. It was found in fairly considerable
quantities near the peak of the mountain. Illustration according to Oberthur.

PROCRIS. By H Reiss.

3

5. Genus: 'Procris F.

a. Species with setiform antennae.

P. pekinensis Draes. (la). is very similar to P.elegans Pouj. ( Vol. 2, plate 1 d) however easily pekinemis.
differentiable by the yellow hairstreaks on both sides of abdomen. Peking, the type is illustrated from a
specimen in the Dresden Museum.

P tenuicornis Zell. var. minutissima Oberth. is a small race from Geryville and Aflu in Algeria. Larvae
of the algerian tenuicornis in May: head small, black and glossy, it can be withdrawn into the prothorax on
which is a thick rounded scutellum which is black and pointed anteriorly and which one might consider to be
the head when same is withdrawn. Colour dark grey, the skin sprinkled with quite minute black dots. On
the back of each segment there is a black-brown triangular spot. The dorsal line is bordered by a whitish
slightly undulating line. The grey-brown warts have short white-grey hairs.

minutis¬

sima.

P. anatolica Naufock (1 a). Shape and wing contour fairly similar to chloros but forewings more truncate anatolica.
at apex, densely scaled, brownish-olivegreen with dull gloss. Hindwings with shorter inner margin than chloros,
apex of’ fore wings rather narrower. They do not appear to be so triangular as chloros in shape, being blackish
with denser scaling in anal fold and at margin. Fringes blackish. Head and thorax glossy gold, abdomen
blackish on underside glossy bronze, more robust in the $ than chloros. Tips of antennae in the £ more truncate,
the last 3 joints of the pectinations often grown together; in the $ somewhat more robust than in chloros, not
appearing weaker at base and serrated throughout. Genital apparatus with simple clasping flaps without any
tooth or thorn. The last abdominal segment of the has ventrally a very wide chitinous belly plate, that projects
strongly over the genital aperture, which is fairly well rounded at the upper corners and indented m the middle.

The vaginal segment of the $ is not withdrawn as in chloros before the vagina, leaving same uncovered, but is
an almost straight sheath covering same completely. Ak-Shehir (Asia Minor) and Syria at the beginning of
June. The specimens illustrated are Cotypes from Ak-Shehir (from Naufock s Collection).

P globulariae Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 8). Vorbrodt describes as ab. azurea a larger form with more sparsely azurea.
scaled forewings with beautiful blue-green shining gloss, from Biasca.

b. In the following Species the Antennae of the SS have at least 3 joints

besides the last joint without free pectinations.

P. pamirensis Pimps. (1 b). The S' resembles dolosa (Vol. 2, plate 1 i) and has similar antennae but it is pamiren-sis.
without blue or green on the underside of the wings. Head and thorax are golden green with an inclination
to copper colour. Abdomen blackish. Forewings golden green with blackish brown fringes, hindwings blackish-
brown somewhat thinly scaled. Alitshur (Pamir). We illustrate the type from the British Museum.

P. orana Aust. (Vol. 2, p. 9). Subsp. algirica Rothsch. (1 b) from the Province Constantine (Djebel algirica.

Chelia, Djebel Marcouna, surroundings of Batna in June) is larger and of richer colouration. Fore wings have
both blue and green as well as golden green dusting. Specimens illustrated are from the Museum at Tnng_

P. statices L. (Vol. 2, p. 9). Rothschild has given the name subsp. prasina (1 b) to a larger, metallic prasina.

brassy-green form with long and thick antennae from Ain Draham in June. I he specimen illustrated is fiom
the Museum at Tring. — ab. obscura Reuss are specimens with blackish-grey wings with a faint bluish sheen instead obscura.
of the metallic shining green scaling: from Biesenthal (Mark Brandenburg).

P. jordani Naufock (lb) is smaller than statices : <3 very variable in size, very thinly scaled, uniform jordam.
golden green with a touch of bluish on fore wings and brownish grey hindwings. Fringes grey as m statices ,
forewings somewhat narrower, otherwise of the same form and shape, Hindwings not more thinly scaled
towards the base, of similar shape to those of geryon, but more transparent. Head and thorax golden green,
often with bluish gloss. Abdomen glossy, robust and heavy. Antennae shorter than in statices and geryon,
pectinations of the 9 last joints grown together. Anal clasp of the has in the middle of the lower edge a long
spine-like process, that is bent inwards at a right angle like a hook. The belly plate of the 7th segment does
not reach the edge of the aperture of the abdomen. The $ is not much smaller than the o'. Form and colouration
as in the antennae distinctly clavate with lamellae weakly serrated and also very short. San Ildefonso,

Province Segovia and Sierra Nevada in Spain at the end of June. The Cotypes from San Ildefonso (from
Naufock’ s Collection) are illustrated.

P. albanica Naufock (1 b, c). Smaller than micans (Vol. 2, plate 1 k). Forewings yellow green, somewhat albanica.
shining. Scaling not so dense as in micans. Contour of wings similar to that of micans and geryon. Hindwings

4

ALLOPROCRIS; ETERUSIA; PSAPHLS. By H. Reiss.

mystrocera.

draesekei.

adusia.

sugitanii.

culoti.

dubernardi.

lacreuzi.

moerens.

lydia.

cccilia.

dark brown, similar to those of geryon. $ antennae with 9 joints before the tip grown together, heavier and
robuster than in statices. The extremity of abdomen of the <$ when denuded of scales shows the wide truncate
ends of the anal clasps in the genital aperture, having a very characteristic wide claw-like, long pointed, thorny
prong bending inwards and situate at the lower edge. 9 antennae spindle-shaped towards the tip, serrated as
geryon, scarcely perceptible with a magnifying glass and very difficult to differentiate from geryon 9- Pashtrik
(Albania) in the 1st half of July. Illustration of the Cotypes from Naueocks Collection.

c. Species with capitate antennae.

P. mystrocera Pung. $ (1 c). Closest to capitalis (Vol. 2, plate 1 1) with narrow wings, densely scaled,
hindwings much darker with similar knobbed extremities to antennae, although narrower and longer. Not
identical with duskei. Fore wings lively green, not very shining, fringes black-grey, hindwings black. Under¬
side dark grey, hindwings with sparse green scales in the upper part of the cell. Palpi relatively thick, black.
Head and thorax glossy green, abdomen black, legs partly with indication of green. Shakuh (North Persia).
The type illustrated is from the Berlin Museum.

6. Genus: Alloprocrls Her.

The front tibiae without spurs, tongue strong and well developed, antennae of $ pectinated on both
sides, only dentated at the tip. In the foiewings all nervures of the radius, media and cubitus are free of the
cell, which itself is reduced at the base, as in Procris. Hindwings with complete number of veins.

A. draesekei Her. (1 c). Body black with purple sheen, collar and base of tegulae red. Forewings black-
brown, costal, outer and inner margins outlined by a narrow red line, all veins red. Fringes black, separated
in the middle, behind that paler. Hindwings black-brown with red central area. On the underside the whole
cell of forewings is red, otherwise as upperside, in the hindwings the red central area projects further distally,
so that the black-brown outer margin is much narrower. - - Omei-shan near Kiating-fu and Sunpanting
(in Szechuan). The specimens illustrated are from the Museum at Dresden.

A. adusta Draes. (1 c). Similar to the previous species in shape and neuration, but without the large
red discal spot of hindwings, which are quite black. Sometimes on the underside the costa of forewings a
occasionally also the outer edge of the hindwing cell are faintly red. Ta-tsien-lu, Omei-shan (Szechuan). The
type illustrated is from the Museum at Dresden.

7. Genus: Pterusia Hope.

E. aedea L. (Vol. 2, p. 10, plate 2 c). Subsp. sugitanii Mats, is olive coloured on forewings with narrow
white spots. Honshu, Japan at the end of August.

E. culoti Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 441, plate 56 k). $ with longish wings, ground colour of forewings bright
yellow and hindwings orange yellow. On underside the black is almost entirely replaced by blue. Body is yellow
underneath. Antennae are black, long and pectinated. Mu-pin, Tien-tsuen and Tay-tou-ho.

E. dubernardi Oberth. (1 d) from Tse-kou is smaller and blacker almost without blue, otherwise very
similar to culoti. Illustration according to Oberthur.

E. lacreuzi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 441, plate 56 k). Ground colour of forewings is bright yellow, shoulder-
blades and underside of abdomen being the same colour. The costa and outer margin of underside of hindwings
white-grey. Tse-kou.

E. moerens Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 441, plate 56 i 9), the J is unknown.

E. lydia Oberth. (1 d). With elongated forewings, cut off at apex almost perpendicularly. Ground colour
of forewings olive-brown with bright yellow spots. Hindwings darker yellow. Underside of abdomen yellow-
white with black belts. Shoulder blades yellow. Siao-Lu, Ta-tsien-Lu. The <$ illustrated was caught at Ta-
tsien-Lu and is from the Museum at Tring.

E. cecilia Oberth. ( 1 d). Upperside of all wings black without gloss and with a sort of fine whitish edging
to the apex of forewings, which is more strongly developed on underside. Head and antennae, which are
slightly pectinated in the are black. Collar reddish, body black on top and rose underneath. - Siao-Lu, Mu-pin,
Ya-chow. The specimen illustrated is from the Museum at Tring.

8. Genus: Psag»liis Wkr.

In regard to the entire Indian Genera see Vol. 10, p. 29.

P. rehfousi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 441, plate 56 k). Underside is about as the upperside illustrated. Underside
of body straw-yellow. Siao-Lu.

rehfousi.

5

PIDORUS; HERPA; CAMPYLOTES; AGALOPE; ARTONA; ILLIBERIS. By H. Reiss.

9. Genus: Pidorus Wkr.

P. reverdini Oberth. (1 d). Blackbrown, Vertex red, band on forewings flesh-coloured with admixture reverdini.
of orange. Siao-Lu. The specimen illustrated is from the Museum at I ring.

10. Genus: Herpa Wlcr.

H. elongatissima Oberth. (1 e). The wings are more acute than the other known species of this Genus, elongate-^
body and wings pale yellow. On the forewings the veins are finely indicated by black. Antennae black, very
plumose in the <$. Tse-kou. The $ illustrated is from the Museum at Tiing.

Oberthur considers H. ochraceci Leech (Vol. 2, plate 2 d) and H. luteola Leech (ibid.) to be ,j and r of
one species.

H. eleonora Oberth. (1 d). £ distinctly larger than basiflava Oberth. (Vol. 2, plate 2 d). Forewings darker, eleonora.
hindwings brighter yellow. On underside the black neuration is finer and less extensive than on upperside.

Body completely indigo-black. Shoulder blades and pectinated antennae black. Ta-tsien-Lu. The type
illustrated is from the Museum at Tring.

11. Genus: Campylotes Ww.

C. philomena Oberth. Similar and only slightly larger than minima (Vol. 2, plate 2 f). Ground colour philomena.
on upperside black-brown, bestrewn with Nanking-yellow spots, hindwings orange-yellow, intersected by the
black-brown markings along the veins. Thorax blackish on upperside, scapulae Nanking-yellow; abdomen
blackish with orange-yellow belts. Antennae black and pectinated. Underside of forewings with enlarged
yellow spots. Ta-tsien-Lu.

12. Genus: Agalope Wkr.

A. lucia Oberth. is a palaearctic boundary form from Tse-kou, of which I could not obtain a specimen lucla.
for illustration. It is very close to the south Chinese A. aurelia Oberth. from Yunnan, Bahand, but paler and with
fainter and slightly altered marking. Ground colour of forewings pale yellow, neuration brownish; hindwings
whitish with darker veins. From the costa of forewings obliquely through the middle of the cell and from there
at an acute angle almost to the inner margin there is a dark stripe. At apex and base the forewings are more
darkly scaled, 'also the hindwings. Thorax and abdomen red-brown, the latter laterally with yellow. The
antennae are missing from Oberthurs type.

A. glacialis Mr. subsp. angustifasciata Her. (1 e) is very close to the Indian glacialis. The blackish outer angustifas
part of the forewings extends more straightly to the inner angle than in Indian specimens. Besides this the
whole insect appears lighter. Ivwaichow, China. 1 he $ type illustrated is from the Beilin Museum.

C. Subfamily Zygaeninae.

13. Genus: Artona Wkr.

A. sachalinensis Mats. differs according to the description from maerens (Vol. 2, plate 3d) by well sachahncn -
developed rostrum. 2 pairs of the hindmost spurs are long. Underside of hindwings grey and of the same colour as
underside of forewings. Connexivum of abdomen orange-yellow. Larger than tokyonella subsequently described
and without the pale grey underside of abdomen. Sachalin (Toyohara) in August.

A. tokyonella Mats. A differs according to the description from funeralis Btlr. (Vol. 2, plate 3 d) by the tokyonella.
much wider forewings and opaque hindwings. Forewings blackish-brown and opaque, hindwings and fiinges
of both wings paler; head, thorax and abdomen with a faint purple gloss. Underside of body and legs pale
grey. Expanse 9 mm. Honshu (Tokyo), Mount Takao in July.

14. Genus: Illiberis Wkr.

I. laeva Piing. (1 d). Head and thorax blue-green, abdomen and legs blackish with blue-green sheen, laeva.

All wings faintly transparent, somewhat glossy with darker veins, forewings blue-green with rounded apex,
hindwings grey- black. Underside grey, more glossy. Antennae with stout greenish shaft and medium
long black pectinations becoming shorter towards the tip. China, South Shantung, Jenchow, middle of August.

The type illustrated is from the Berlin Museum.

6

CLELEA; ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

Jieringi.

distinctus.

aomoriensis

coreana.

fujisana.

microphaea.

syriaca.

I.heringi Draes. (1 c). Wings of $ and $ brown-black, semi-transparent, fringes of same colour, thorax
and abdomen black without metallic sheen. Antennae of <$ pectinated, of $ dentated. Ta-tsien-Lu (Szechuan).
The type illustrated is from the Dresden Museum.

I. distinctus Kardakojf. Similar to sinensis (Vol. 2, plate 3 e) but somewhat larger, wing expanse
29% mm in 28 mm in $. Antennae black. Thorax dull dark grey, abdomen glossy greenish in bronze
coloured in $. Wings glossy, especially the hindwings hyaline. A faint brown dusting in costal area and at inner
margin of forewings. Veins on both pairs of wings very distinctly dusted with rich dark brown. Fringes brown.
A faint thin dusting partially on outermargin of fore wings. From the neighbourhood of Vladivostock at end of April.

1. aomoriensis Mats. <$ differs according to the description from hyalina Stgr. as follows: Processes of
antennae thicker towards the tip, somewhat shorter, rostrum yellowish; forewings narrower, discoidal cell also
narower, subcostal and median nervures do not touch in the basal area, the long nervure is separate to the base ;
hindwings without white scaling. Resembles also psy china Oberth. (Vol. 2, plate 3 e) but has no green colouration
of abdomen and no spine at anal clasp. Expanse 20 mm. Aomori (Honshu) in June.

I. coreana Mats. $ resembles in shape tenuis Btb. (Vol. 2, plate 3 f) but has quite different markings
on wings. Fore wings semi-transparent, whitish, faintly rosy-red towards the apex and somewhat pale
yellowish towards the base, the margin, fringes, veins and spots blackish brown. Hindwings of same colour
as forewings with whitish scales in the upper half of cell, margin, fringes and veins blackish brown. Body metallic
bluish-green, rostrum yellow, head and thorax dark blue in the middle, legs similarly. Expanse 28 mm. Corea
(Suigen) in April.

!. fujisana Mats. $ and $ forewings transparent with a few black scales, the costal above the median
nervure and the veins black, both corners of the discocellular nearly at the same level. Hindwings blackish
brown, partly hyaline; antennae blackish-brown, in the <$ 3 joints thickened, in the ^ dentate up to the tip
with somewhat bluish sheen. Body and legs blackish-brown with slight purple sheen. Genital organ of the
<S covered with dense hair. Expanse 23 mm. Honshu (Mount Fuji) at end of June.

15. Genus: Clelea Wkr.

C. microphaea Hmps. d head, thorax and abdomen dark brown with faint purple sheen, legs and
underside of abdomen paler brown. Wings completely dark red-brown, similarly with faint purple sheen,
expanse 14 mm. Gensan (Corea).

C. syriaca Hmps. d ( 1 c). Forewings completely dark reddish brown with faint coppery gloss. Hindwings
more inclined towards grey-brown, fringes of both wings whitish except at base. Head, thorax and abdomen
coloured as forewings, palpi paler. The type illustrated is from the British Museum. Shar-Deresy (Syria).

16. Genus: Zjgaensi F.

It has to be added to the general biology, that the development from egg to perfect insect rarely takes
place without hibernation, generally once or twice and in rarer cases 3 or even 4 hibernations. For each
hibernation a special colourless winter skin is formed, in which the larvae are unable to take solid food. The
1st hibernation skin is generally the 3rd or 4th, the second hibernation skin may be the 5th, Oth or 7th, the
third hibernation skin may be the 8th or 9th moult. Z. filipendulae develops fully in cases of one hibernation
with 5 moults + winter skin, of two hibernations with 7 moults -f- 2 winter skins and of three hibernations with 7
moults -f 3 winter skins. A repeated copulation of dd and occurs more or less frequently. Copulation of
various species among each other is frequently mentioned in literature. I myself have a copulation of Procris
statices d with Z. filipendulae $ in my collection, which was not dissolved even in killing. Staitder has
described and named a large number of hybrid forms, which first should be checked and proved by breeding
experiments.

Note: In dealing with this Genus I have taken as a basis the newly edited catalogue of Prof. Dr. Buegeff published
in 1926 and I have supplemented same wherever necessary by the latest literature, that was not available when the catalogue
was issued. The complete new classification of the Zyyaena and the subdivision of the Genus into 12 Subgenera made it
essential to enumerate again every species, subspecies or main race, as well as the varieties or races in the new classification
in the Supplement. The addenda to Vol. 2 (p. 441 etc.) also had to be recapitulated for the same reason, not alone in order to give
further particulars of the descriptions which were mostly only briefly sketched there, but also to ensure their inclusion in the

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

7

register of original descriptions. Otherwise same would have been incomplete and not synoptical. As far as aberrations in Vol. 2,
p °18— 31 have already been described as “ab.” and as belonging to a type race of any specific species, they are not mentioned
again here, but merely referred to in the text. With the exception of ephialtes the aberrations are mentioned in the text
with the main races and races to which they belong. In giving the particulars of denominations of aberrations, such as ab. flava
( Oberth .) Bgff.” it is intended to convey that the new author Burgeff intends the name flava Oberth. to be used for the yellow
form also of a new subspecies, instead of giving this formanother name, which would of course be permissible. — An indescribable
chaos prevails in literature in regard to the denominations of aberrations. Names for intermediary gradations in the development
of the markings of insects should therefore be excluded. For reasons of lucidity it has been necessary to leave out even a
summary of the names of these excluded forms. In regard to the descriptions of races I am of the opinion that one has often
gone too far in this respect. Ways and means should be found of avoiding inundating nomenclature with denominations ol
minute and unimportant variations of the various strains among themselves. It should suffice to establish a larger main race,
to describe the distinct variations from neighbouring main races and then to give same a subspecies name of its own. Should

anyone desire a further division of such a subspecies, they can indicate the particulars, such as indication of locality, altitude etc.

below the name on the label. It should be mentioned here that on the question of subspecies certain Varietates (Races), which
are easily separable, may be classified separately and also denominated. As a comparison of the variability of the separate
strains (as already practised by Verity) it should be possible to arrange for combinations of name diagnoses, which would
not be counted as denominations in a systematic sense. In this way at least the separation of so many small races and the
naming of many aberrations would be eliminated.

I. Subgen. Mesembrynus Hbn.

Z. rubicundus Hbn. (= erythrus Bsd.) in Vol. 2, p. 18. Of this generally very constant species Verity rubicundus.
has described ab. polygalaeforniis, which is like ab. rubrotecta in purpuralis, and ab. erythraeformis, which is polygalae-
marked on the forewings like erythrus. The $ of rubicundus is illustrated ( 1 e). — According to Oberthur s
illustration the larvae when full grown are of grey ground colour mixed with yellow, with a wide dorsal stripe
of darker grey and on this dorsal stripe at the edges on both sides behind each segment heavy grey-black spots
pointing towards the dorsal stripe. The head is black. The larvae are fullfed in April and May and feed on
Eryngium amethystinum L., pupating in a longish straw yellow cocoon. The period of pupation lasts abt 20 days.

formis.
erythrae¬
formis.

Z. erythrus Hbn. (= minos Bsd., saportae Bsd.) (Vol. 2, p. 18). The yellow form has been named by erythrus.
Oberthur ab. citrina; in ab. verityi Stefanelli the streak spot 3 — 5 is intersected with black; the ab. cingulata citrina.
Reiss has a faint red abdominal belt. The type race from Florence is taken. — As special races we have
to mention: The var. actae Bgff. (1 e) from the coast and coastal valleys of the Riviera di Ponente (Mentone, aetae.
Bordighera, Camporosso, Pigna etc.). It is the largest race of erythrus with wing expanse up to 40 mm in the
cj and up to 42 mm in the $ and with narrower very acute wings. The red is less brilliant than in the type race,
expansion of spots is very regular, spots narrow, streak-spot 3 — 5 more extended outwards than in specimens
from Florence. The black areas of wings also in the are without silvery grey scaling, also legs, scapulae
and necklet with scarcely perceptible grey sheen. The 9 illustrated is from Burgefe’s collection. — - The var.
miserrima Vrty. from Mount Mousine near Turin is small (wing expanse abt 28 mm) thinly scaled, red wing miserrima.
spots extended and confluent as in ab. irpina Zickert (Vol. 2, p. 18). — Var. pedemomtana Rocci from the Alps pedemon-
of Piedmont comes between the ligurian erythrus and miserrima, besides which the axe-like mark of forewings
is reduced in length. — Further var. irpinoides Bgff. ( 1 f ) a brilliant red mountain race from Mount Sirente and irpinoides.
Gran-Sasso (Abruzzi Mountains). The spots are enlarged in the $ and still more so in the $; $ normally dusted
with golden grey with a similar coloured collar, scapulae and legs. The S illustrated is from Mount Sirente. -
The form magna Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 18, plate 4 a) could be placed with this race, if the characteristic of the especial
size tallied and therefore same could be considered synonymous. — Finally the var. albipes Vrty. (= minos albipes.
Ragusa ) (1 e) from Sicily with brilliant colouration, both sexes sometimes with whitish legs, the $$ besides
with pale silvery sheen on the forewings. The $ illustrated is from Le Madonie, Sicily (500 m). Larvae are
found on Eryngium campestre and immediately on the seaboard on Eryngium maritimum.

Z. purpuralis Brunnich (= pythia F., pilosellae Esp., minos Hbn.), Vol. 2, p. 18, 441 described from purpuralis.
Denmark (Zealand Isle) occurs in Europe excepting in the Pyrenee Peninsular, in England, Denmark, Scandi¬
navia, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Armenia, Aclial-Tekke, Sarafshan, Ala-Tau, Tien-Shan and Altai. Specimens
in which the middle of the red streak-spots on the forewings is regularly and completely the same width are
called ab. plutonia Vrty. (= plutoicles Reiss, boursini le Charles). Further I enumerate: ab. quinquemaculata plutonia.
Bgff. with 5 spots on fore wings quite separate from one another; ab. paupera n. ab. (4 m) from Montabaur, qU™^uMa.
Wester Forest in which the whole forewing except spots 1, 2 and 5—6 is suffused with the ground colour ; paupera.

3 S 1 $ in my collection; ab. rubrotecta Vrty. : the red covers nearly the entire forewing; ab. cingulata Bgff. rubrotecta.
(Vol. 2, p. 19); further ab. rubrianata Bgff., ab. $ grisescens Bgff. both in Vol. 2, p. 441. Besides ab. nigra Reiss '^eseels'
(from Dim) without any red. The name lutescens Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 441) may be deemed synonymous. The nigra^"'
forms already mentioned as aberrations in Vol. 2, p. 18/19 are to be added; marginata Bgff. and dilatata
Bgff . (Vol. 2, p. 441) are not systematically justified designations. Ab. grossmanni Rilhl (1 f) from the
neighbourhood of Dim on the Danube is illustrated, as also is ab. sexmaculata Bgff. (Vol. 2, p. 19) (4 m) from the

8

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

normanna.

incisa.

furae.

rubrofim-

briata.

reissiana.

grossmanni.

plutonia.

magnal-

pina.

parvalpina.

taurinensis.

isarca.

rocciana.

rubrotecta.

eryihrusoi-

des.

apicefusca.

fiorii.

mirabilis.

bosniaca.

carsica.

dojranica.

rubrianata.

hellena.

villosa.

ingens.

same locality as ab. paupera. — The races to be mentioned are: var. normanna Vrty. (= purpuralis Oberth.) (1 f)
from North France (Eure, Pont de l’Arche) one of the smallest races, 3 with slight blue sheen, $ with slight
silvery sheen on forewings, streak-marks separate and short. The ab. interrupta Stgr. is not rare. A from
Pont de TArche from Veritys collection is illustrated. Verity defines as ab. incisa of this race specimens
in which the red at the end of the middle spot of fore wings is extended in a long streak almost to the outer margin.
Then var. jurae Vrty. from the Swiss Jura (Dombresson at 1000 m) wings very narrow, with acute apex,
outermargin almost perpendicular. Scaling very sparse, gloss of wings dark greenish in and silvery in
Size varies considerably. Very variable. The ab. rubrofimbriata Vrty. has pale red fringes to hindwings.
The East Prussian race (Osterode) is var. reissiana Bgff. (= reissi Bgjf., heringi Reiss) (If) with slenderer
antennae, distinct superficial gloss and a brighter red than purpuralis. The middle axe-shaped mark approaches
closer to the margin on the somewhat wider forewings. Abdomen more heavily haired. The $ type is illustrated.

The name heringi Zell. (Vol. 2, p. 19) is withdrawn as it was chiefly based on a variation in the colour of the
larvae. Var. nubigena Led. (Vol. 2, p. 19) is limited to the high Alps. Here must be enumerated: ab. grossmanni
( Riihl ) Bgff. and ab. plutonia Vrty. In lower Austria and Hungary we find var. pluto O. (= pythia Him.,
minos Vrty.) (Vol. 2, p. 19). Verity lias designated the race from the high Pyrenees (Gedre, 1U00 m) as
var. magnalpina. It is fairly large, intensively coloured, ground colour very dark without gloss. The spots of
forewings especially the middle one are reduced; hindwings with narrow black margination. The var. parvalpina
Vrty. (1 f) from the Maritime Alps of Piedmont (Valdieri) is a small race with smaller spots on forewings than
former. The black margin of hindwings is narrow in most but distinctly visible. A from Verity’s collection
is illustrated. — The var. taurinensis Rocci from the hills around Turin is larger than the former and more weakly
scaled. The spots of forewings are larger than in the two previous races and the black marginal band of hind¬
wings is only faintly indicated. - The Southern Alpine Valleys (Isarco Valley) are the habitat of var. isarca
Vrty. ( = pythia Fuessl.) which are larger than magnalpina and very brightly coloured. The red spots of forewings
and especially the axe-shaped mark are larger. The red is bright carmine with a touch of yellow. — The race
from the ligurian Apennines var. rocciana n. nov. (4 m) (= viridescens Bgff.) of which viridescens Rocci is the
green shiney form, is remarkable. It is densely scaled with brilliant red, the black ground colour is slightly
shining blue-black. The hindwings have narrow black borders. The specimen illustrated is from Genua. It
inclines to form ab. rubrotecta Vrty. (= poligalae Rocci) ; erythrusoides Rocci is a transition form. The ab.
apicefusca Rocci has a heavy black margin at the apex of hindwings. — To be named still is: var. fiorii
Costantini from the Emilian Apennines with enlarged forewing spots, hindwings have a margin that is parti¬
cularly widened at the apex. — The race from Calabria, San Pili, Cosenza, 900 m, is named by Verity var.
mirabilis ( 1 f). It is larger and brighter in colour than the former, the spots of forewings are large and very
expanded. Verity calls this the finest known race of purpuralis', a $ from Veritys collection is illustrated.

A very characteristic race from the Bosnian Mountains (Vlasic Mountains, 1800 m altitude) is var. bosniaca
Bgff. (4 n). It is allied to pluto O. but is larger than this race, very densely scaled and of dusky appearance.
The middle spot of forewings in contrast to pluto is always extended at end towards the margin. The wings are
generally very wide, hindwings sometimes acute towards apex and with a more or less wide I) lack margin in the <§■
The have grey dusting. The specimen illustrated is from Burgeffs collection. — Rocci describes from
Karst the var. carsica which according to the description resembles bosniaca in general appearance, but it
appears to be duskier and the black margin at apex of hindwings is 3 mm wide and also the anal edge of
hindwings has a narrow black margin. — - The var. dojranica Bgff. from Macedonia (Nicolic on the Dojran lake,
Plagusha Planina, Nicola Valley near Hudowa, Babuna) is a small rosy-red, finely scaled race, especially dia¬
phanous in the $. The with decided black margination to hindwings, the 2$ always dusted with yellowish
white on the forewings and shining bronzelike, very transparent. Both sexes are fairly heavily haired, the $$
more or less grey-yellowish on the thorax according to the degree of the yellowish- white dusting of the forewings.
Similar to mid-european specimens in the formation of the spots, only slightly variable. Rarely we have here
ab. rubrianata Bgff. - Instead of graeca Tutt, n. praeocc., (Vol. 2, p. 441) from Greece var. hellena Bgff. must
be substituted. — The var. sareptensis Stgr. in Vol. 2, plate 4 b, originates from Sarepta (South Russia).

Of the asiatic races we have to name: From the armenian high plateau and the surroundings of Achalzich
(C'hambobel) var. villosa Bgff. (4 n) from a considerable altitude. The black hairs on body and other parts, for
instance between the eyes on the head, are longer and at the same time denser than in nubigena. The forewings
which are very densely scaled for purpuralis have normally formed, brilliant red spots and in many specimens
have a considerable green or blue superficial sheen. The $$ are dusted with grey. A specimen from the
collection of Burgeff is illustrated. — Very large specimens from Tiflis are named by Burgeff subsp. ingens
(1 g). The antennae are dainty, scarcely larger than in the type form. The red spots of forewings narrow 1,
(3 — 5 — 6), (2 — 4) separated by the main nervures. Middle spot abruptly cut off outwardly, the part approxim¬
ating to spot 6 projecting and well developed. The hindwings with narrow black margin at the apex. The

Note: Ab. polygalae Esp. (Yol. 2, p. 19) is not an aberration of purpuralis, but of filipendulae with forewings almost
completely suffused with red. — Vide filipendulae — .

Publ. 7. V. 1930.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

9

red is a pale carmine, almost carmine rose which is rather brighter on the forewings than on hindwings.

The black areas of the wings almost without gloss, legs black also in the ?. A <J from the collection of
Bukgeff is illustrated. - subsp. barthai Bass (1 g) is a race from the mountains of Sultan-1 agh m Asia tarlhm.
Minor occurring at an altitude of about 2000 m. Flying at the end of July they remind one in their conduct
strongly of Z exulans from the Alps. They are much smaller than subsp. diaphana Stgr. (Vol. p. 1 / • ,
plate 4c) from the Taurus, antennae especially in the are strikingly longer than in same m comparison
to the size Thorax and abdomen fairly heavily haired. A considerable extension of the red axe-like mar a
of the forewings is not rare. The type is illustrated, — subsp. rosalis Bgff. (= rosea Bgff praeocc. ; rosalis.
nolygalae Star ) from Malatia (middle of May) is rose coloured and of very dainty build, lhe spots are
confluent and extended. - subsp. clavigera Bgff. (1 g) from Akbes (Syria) varies considerably ^ from pur- clavigera.
jmralis It emanates probably from the spurs of Lebanon and from high altitudes. It differs m the ns in¬
stance by the brilliant red of the spots and the hindwings. Scaling is appressed and very fine, the hair scales
are very short. The constant characteristic that strikes one most is the unusually thick club antennae which
are considerably heavier than those of the european pur jmralis. The average size is somewhat smaller t lan
same The hindwings as in var. bosniaca show a more or less wide black margin in the <$, with only an me i-
cation of same at the apex in the $. The $$ are sometimes faintly dusted yellowish. A cotype is illustrated.

— Finally subsp. tianschanica Bgff. (4 n) has to be mentioned. It is the same size as the name form. The wings hanscham -
are very truncate at the apex, clubs of antennae are heavier but not so heavy as m subsp. clavigera. I ie rec
spots of the forewings are confluent in a great number of specimens, forming a large patch rounded oil dista y
but of a different shape to ab. rubrotecta Vrty. The red is a very dark shade of bright carmine red with a
slight inclination towards vermilion: the black parts of the wings have a bluish or greenish gloss in the
suffused with yellowish-grey. The legs in both sexes have yellowish hairs inwards. In a series of somewhat
varying populations (races?) from Alcsu, Kuldja, Tian-shan. The illustrated $ is from Burgefe s collection.
Specimens of this main race are often erroneously offered by dealers as smirnovi Christ. Further we can
mention here ab. flava Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 441) which is the yellow form of an eastern purpuralis race from Issy- flava.

_ The var. naryna Bgff. from the neighbourhood of Naryn which is placed here as a race, is very close naiyna.

to tianschanica in regard to size, marking and colouring, whilst the contour of the wings approaches more to
the normal purpuralis.

The larvae of purpuralis occur in mid Europe on Thymus serphyllum L. ; grass and clover are not

acceptable.

Z smirnovi Christ. (1 g) (Vol. 2, p. 19) differs considerably from purpuralis in the genitals. Pure smirnovi.
smirnovi occur at Achal-Tekke (Nuchur), they differ superficially, especially by the rose-red of the spots of
the fore wings, and hindwings, the considerable constriction that occasionally occurs of the round part of the
axe-like end of the longitudinal band of spots 5 — 6 which sometimes leads to its complete separation t ie
narrow black edge at the apex of the hindwings and the relatively longer feelers and wings m the S- A ? fr01^
Btirgeff’s collections is illustrated. - The var. persica Bgff. (1 g). - <? specimens from Tancre m North persica.
Persia differ by the unusually finely scaled transparent wings and the separation of the spots, that are confluent
pr the name form. The unknown $ may however nevertheless have confluent forewing spots. A p-cotype is
illustrated from the collection of Bang-Ha as.

Z. brizae Esp. (1 g) (Vol. 2, p. 19) from Lower Austria, Hungary (the type-race), Balkan Peninsular, brizae.
Crete with ab. interrupts Hirschke, ab. cingulata Dziurz. ad ab. rubrianata Bgff. (Vol. 2, p. 441). We illustrate rubnanata
here a specimen from Galyn Alo in Hungary, as the figure in Vol. 2 (4 c) is not very characteristic.

Z. erebaea Bgff. (1 h) (= erebus Stgr., Vol. 2, p. 19, n. praeocc.; brizae H.-Schdff.) from the Caucasus erebaea
(Achalzich), Armenia is more robust than brizae, it has brighter red which is sometimes considerably mixed with
yellow, the * dark edge of the hindwings is wider in the a narrow border is present also m the ?. The
fringes are longer, body heavily haired. The specimens illustrated (from the collection of Burgeef) were cap¬
tured by Ixorb near Achalzich (Chambobel) and in the Adjara Mountains.

Z. corycia Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 19) from Lydia, Taurus and Syria; typical from Mamssa. The var. bmssensis
Reiss is based on specimens from Brussa, somewhat larger than typical corycia and m its whole appearance
between brizae and corycia. - In subsp. adanensis Reiss (1 h) from Hadshjin (Vil. Adana) the red of the stripes adanemis
in the forewing is increased so that one has the impression of a uniform red surface. Antennae almost without
clubs (like scabiosae). The type of the is illustrated.

Z. brizae Esp., erebaea Bgff. and corycia Stgr. form a group of closely related species. Erebaea end brizae show
important differences in the genitals. Brizae like the majority of Zygaemdae has an additional pair of spurs, besides the usual
2 end spurs. They are slightly higher below the middle of the tibiae of the hindmost legs m both sexes and are absent i
the S °f erebaea and in both sexes of corycia.

Z. aallica Oberth. (1 h) (Vol. 2, p. 19) from Digne and the ligurian Apennines (according to Rocci) gallica.
which was only mentioned in the text in Vol. 2, is now illustrated (according to Oberthur). — Here we must
place subsp. giesekingiana n.nov. (1 h) (= interrupta Boursin, n. praeocc.) from the Maritime Alps (\ enc-e). 0>c±t

Supplementary Volume 2

10

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

chaos.

scahiosae.

divisa.

confluens.

flava.

osterodensis.

divisa.

hassica.

valida.

validior.

divisa.

analiinter-

rupta.

curvata.

Icnuicurva.

matrana.

divisa.

quinque-

macula.

asiatica.

kenteina.

caucasi.

This highly interesting Zygaena from the Maritime Alps was discovered in 1910 by Dr. Gieseking and his son.
The chief characteristic is the completely interrupted streak of spots 3 — -5. The forewing spot No. 3 is quite
small on the upperside, streak-like, spot No. 5 large and almost round: on the underside spots 3 and 5 are
narrowly confluent. Hindwings quite regularly widely margined with greyish-black to the inner margin.

II. Subgen. Silvicola Bgff.

Z. chaos Bgff. (= erebus Romff.) (1 h) is scarcely larger than erebaea Bgff. The antennae are
club shaped, bluntly truncate or quite shortly pointed. The wings are narrow, pointed at the apex, the point
itself however rounded. Forewings with more or less interrupted apical marks (spots 3 — 5). The margin of
the hindwings is about 1,5 mm wide at the apex; the bodies are heavily haired as in erebaea and the wings with
long fringes but more sparsely scaled than this species. The genitals are considerably different from scahiosae
but nevertheless show relationship with it. Quite different from erebaea with which brizae is very similar.
Georgia (Bethania), Achalzich. The illustrated J emanates from Achalzich (from the collection ol Burgeff).

Z. scahiosae Schev. (Vol. 2, p. 19/20 and p. 441) is an extraordinarily interesting species on account
of its position in evolution. Its variability is morphologically so considerable that within the boundaries of its
geographic distribution the extremes would without a doubt be held for separate species if the many transition
races did not unite same together. The type race is presumed to occur in the frankish Jura and including in the
widest possible sense the other races through mid- Germany, as far as they do not vary as stated below. The
species occurs in the Pyrenees, middle and eastern Europe (with the exception of Great Britain), Scandinavia,
Finland, Siberia, Pontus, Armenia, Italy, Sicily and the Balkans. The following aberrations in the type race
have been named: ab. divisa ( Stgr .) Bgff. (= interrupta Reiss, trans.): both streak-like spots widely interrupted
by black; ab. confluens Spul. with confluent forewing spots; the pale yellow form is ab. flava Dziurz. (= citrina
Spul., flava Pieszczek in Vol. 2, p. 19). — A larger race occurs in East Prussia (Osterode) : var. osterodensis Reiss
(1 i) with deep black ground colour, densely haired abdomen and reduced red on the fore wings. The upper
streak-like spot is generally constricted or interrupted by black. The ab. divisa (Stgr.) Reiss occurs fairly
commonly. A A-cotype of osterodensis is illustrated. - - Much more dainty is the type race mentioned already
in 1789 by Borkhausen from Rhenish Hessen, which has been found again at Ingelheim and Heidesheim in the
Rhine Valley. Its chief characteristic is a faint bluish gloss in the $3 : var. hassica Bgff. — At Klingenstein near
Ulm, Pfullingen, Lauter Valley near Herrlingen, Neuffen in the Swabian Alb we find a larger race (15 — 15,5 mm
length of forewings) more densely scaled and in both sexes with a more or less brilliant red colour: var. valida
Bgff. — Still larger but with paler colours are the scahiosae from the Rhone Valley in Valais: var. validior Bgff. ,
which in the $ sex inclines towards ab. divisa (Stgr.) Bgff. (= mediointerrupta Vorbr.)] length of forewings
1G — 17 mm. Here we interplace ab. analiinterrupta Vorbr., see later. — Easily differentiable is the var. curvata
Bgff. from Styria (Thorl, from the Hoehschwab. region) occurring there in masses. It is considerably more
densely scaled than the type race and has consequently brighter coloured spots on the forewings and hindwings
which incline towards vermilion. The wings are less pointed at the apex, the costal margin of the forewings
in the is decidedly convex, scarcely ever concave or straight as in the type race. — Specimens from the
bohemian central mountains (Neuhutten, Karlstein) have again much more narrow, partly exceedingly narrow
wings with less heavy scaling, but they show nevertheless the same outwardly curved costal margin: var.
tenuicurva Bgff. — Specimens from the neighbourhood of Vienna (Fischamend) stand between curvata and
tenuicurva. — There are a series of rather different races occurring in Hungary which cannot be completely
classified as yet. The var. matrana Bgff. from the Matra Mountains (500 — 800 m) in the middle of June, is
very regularly densely scaled and of a dusky red with a wide margin to the hindwings. All specimens incline
to have the streak of spots mark 3 — 5 separated. The ab. d'wisa (Stgr.) Bgff. and ab. quinquemacula Bgff. occur
here, the stripes of the forewings are subdivided into 5 spots in the latter.

The subsp. asiatica Bgff. distributed from the Urals to the Kentei Mountains has as a general characteristic
the obtuse club-like antennae. The type race from the Urals (Sojmonowsk) is considerably more densely scaled
and brightly coloured than the subsequently described kenteina, especially the <3$ have bright red spots on the
forewings in a dull black. The specimen illustrated from the Urals (1 i) is from the collection of Burgeff.

The var. kenteina Bgff. from the Kentei Mountains, north of Urga in Mongolia, is a more transparent race. The
colouring is a delicate rosy red without the usual admixture of vermilion. The hindwings are almost uniformly
widely margined. Staudinger described from specimens of this race ab. divisa. — We have to add here the
var. caucasi Bgff. (= caucasica Spul. n. praeocc.) (4 n) from the Caucasus, Adjara Mountains in Georgia with
the following characteristics: the antennae with a smooth, stumpy rounded club that arises more suddenly
than in scahiosae and is more capitate. Apex of forewings somewhat rounded, spot 1 — 3, 2 — 4 narrowly con¬
joined, the hindwings with very wide margin of black-grey reflected through. A $ from the collection of Burgeff
is illustrated.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

11

rupta.
analiinier-
rupia.
romei-

formis.
Jcoricnensis .

To be enumerated with the southern main races and races are : var. eupyrenaea Bgff. from the hast eugyrenaea
Pyrenees (Vernet Mount Canigou, Col de Jou) which is closely connected with the type race, large, with wic .
wings densely scaled with brilliant red. - Vokbkodt separates from subalptrm CM. » W‘de!yt Wwin,
main (ace less often with spots 2-4 separated and with ephe,neTina

snots The name meridionaMs has been previously utilised and substituted by subsp. epnemer na y
Burgeff The region of distribution is the southern valleys of the Swiss Alps and the Tyrol excluding
!pper Etsch and Lack Valleys. Of this main race Vokbkodt has established an ab med.omterrupta with he Cornier-
upper streak-like spot intersected with black and ab. analiinterrupta with the lower streak-like spot interacted
with black. - ab. romeiformis Bgff. are specimens with widened wings and rounded apex and thicksek s
obtuse antennae clubs thus resembling subsp. romeo described later on. — The var. subalpma -alb. wit •
conjuncta Calb (Vol 2, p. 19) is limited to Piedmont and the Valais. — var. koricnensis Reiss (1 l) is denominated
from Bosnia (Maklenpass-Koricna). It comes approximately between onon and subalpma as far as wmg contour
: ; concerned ^ Red is dusky. Upper streak-like mark generally not intersected but constricted, the lower streak
mark often constricted. Eindwings with fairly heavy black margins, only very narrow at inner margin. I.horax
and abdomen fairly thickly haired. The type is illustrated.

To the groups around subsp. romeo Dup. (Vol. 2, p. 19) (1 i) the type race of Sicily with ab analicon-
iuncfa Bqff with spots 2 and 4 confluent we have var. orionides Bgff. ( = onon Ga/A) fiom Trent am t
Adamello region, smaller than the typical orion H.-ScMff. and more sparsely scaled than this -var .orion
H-Schdff (Vol 2 p 19) from Tuscany (as type) and Marche (Sibilhm) with ab. transapenmna Cab. (
f 19 in which also the lower streak-like mark is intersected. - A small summer form from the etruscan
Apennines (Cutigliano) in August, which is closest to var. orion has been named by Burgeff as foima aestiva.

- vr megoLn L//. (= triptoiemus Freyer): In the Litoral of the ligurian Apennines (as type) and Lie
Maritime Alps one meets with very large, densely scaled specimens with very wide wings, thus of pronounce! . y
orion- type. The $$, strange to say, habitually approach the type race of scabiosae being ^ ^
five-motted partly with conjoined spots 2 and 4. — var. romana Bgff. ( = onon Vrty.) from Albam-Mountains
(as type) and the roman Campagna. It is still somewhat daintier than the small onow from Tuscany, as compared
with* fcabiosae, and with wide black borders to the hindwings especially in some

more acutely pointed wings approaching the scabiosae type and which Burgeff has named ab. scabiosaeformis

It differs from neapolitana by the denser scaling which however does not quite ^V^oh ^ ^

^ ’ •' tt 1 ^ - 19) from Campagna, Province Aveihno (as type), Aurunci

analicon-

juncia.

orionides.

aestiva.
meg orion.

romana.

scabiosae¬

formis

that of orion. — var. neapolitana Calb. (1 l) (Vol. ----- „ . ,v , 9 iq mate56hl

Mountains. Aberrations mentioned are: ab. analiconjuncta Bgff., ab. hoffmanmZickert {V oL ^ 9, plate 56 h^
ab nigerrima’Zickert and ab. flaveola Zickert, both in Vol. 2, p. 19. - var nnmma TrU is a srna: ^
expanse) from Aumnci Mountains and more thinly scaled. - var. adumbrata Bgff. 1 i from Mount birente
(1500—2000 m) is very remarkable. The chief characteristic is the considerable adumbration of the hindwing
L‘ a number of ’specimens, also the forewings show only remants of red scaling, the former m often qmte , black
Snot 3 of the forewings is mostly absent. Wing contour is much narrower inspite of truncate apex and
resembling scabiosae. The $ illustrated is from Burgeff’s collection Completely black |eci^nyLnsenza)
are ab. absoluta Dann. - var. calberlai Bgff. (= onon var. Calb.) from Calabna (..da b J

clearly resembles romeo from Sicily, with its striking brilliant red. Specimens of this race with simple

are ab. cingulata Bgff.

Subsp. nevademis Bmb. (Vol. 2, p. 19) (1 k) from Sierra Nevada A typical specimen isnowiUimtrated.
I have recently received nevadensis from Sierra Alta (Aragon) and from the Pena de Franca (S.^S^n^ca)

as well as from Guarda (Portugal). In the latter spots 2 and 4 are more or less confluent , m a $ also spots
are faintly conjoined.

The larvae of scabiosae feed in mid-Europe on Lathyrus pratensis.

analicon-
j uncta
minima.
adumbrata.

absoluta.

calberlai.

cingulata.

III. Subgen. Lycastes Hbn.

Z. exulans Hochenw. <fc Reiner (Vol. 2, p. 24 and p. 443, platp 0 c) from the high Alps, high Pyrenees,
Scotland Norway, Lapland, Abruzzi Mountains, transylvanian Mountains, Balkans and Central Asia ls aie c
of the Ice periods, that after same withdrew to altitudes of over 2000 m. I he distribution carries this ouk
local semmtion on the retrocession of the ice expresses itself m a series of separate races restncted to
various ^mountains The races of the Alps are less pronounced. The reason for this is m the relative ease wi i
which this high mountain butterfly with its strong flight can be distributed by storms. B vulan, Bpecim^s
have been found in the snow at an altitude of 2900 m whither they could only have been driven by the wind.
A second reason for the less pronounced formation of separate races lies m the polyphagy of exulans larvae
wMch alone among the known Zygaena probably feed in case of need on a whole

than Lotus, Oxytropis and other Leguminosae foliage, so that it is not so closely bound to one definite loc .

exulans.

12

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

striata.

exilioides.

pseudo-

vanadis.

flavilinea.

dilata.

pyrcnaica.

subochracea.

montene¬

grina.

abruzzina.

striata.

apfelbecki.

sajana.

zuleima.

flavescens.

confluens.

aestiva.

loyselis.

occidentis.

ungcmachi.

In captivity exulans has been fed on Lotus corniculatus L. and Onobrychis sativa Lmk. The larvae hibernate
once or twice. Wherever the actual food plant flourishes on chalky ground the insect is found every 2 years
in considerable quantities, in other places on primeval stone one finds same more rarely but the vegetation
there also suffices for its existence.

Besides the aberrations in Vol. 2, p. 24, the following are denominated: ab. striata Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 443)
with confluent spots on forewings; ab. exilioides Bgff. with extraordinarily wide margin to the hindwings which
only retain the red colour in the inner third of the basal area. Specimens similar to subsp. vanadis Balm.
(Vol. 2, p. 24) from Scandinavia and Lapland have been named ab. pseudovanadis Bgff. The $ ab. flavilinea
Tutt is heavily scaled, veins, head and thorax being dusted with golden yellow. The names fulva S 'pul. (Vol. 2,
p. 24), pulchra Tutt, pallida Tutt, minor Tutt and clam Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 443) had best be withdrawn. — ab.
confluens Strd. mentioned in Vol. 2, page 24, belongs to subsp. vanadis Balm., as also does ab. dilata Bgff.
(instead of dilatata Vol. 2, p. 24, which is not systematically justified) in which spot 5 expands still more
completely towards the outer margin than in achilleae. — - The var. pyrenaica Bgff. from the High Pyrenees
(Mount Louis, Mount Canigou) is differentiable from the form of the Alps by the less variable wing contour and
somewhat smaller size, further by the sparse golden yellow scaling of the veins in a part of the which in
the forms of the Alps occurs much more frequently and is more strongly developed. — In subsp. subochracea White
(1 k) from Scotland the chief characteristic is the remarkably heavy black margination of the hindwings. The
sparser scaling and the pale red colouration approaches subochracea of vanadia Balm. The variability resembles
the alpine form. The subochracea $ illustrated emanates from the Museum at Tring. — The subsp. montenegrina
Bgff. (= apfelbecki Schawerda ) from the Mountains of Montenegro in July is a small race, half as large as
apfelbecki Rbl. described later on, which is only known in the $ form, montenegrina resembles more to
subsp. abruzzina Bgff. (= apennina Rbl., n. praeocc.) (1 k) from the high mountains of Abruzzi (Gran Sasso)
but it is not so variable in size as same. The wing contour of montenegrina approaches that of apfelbecki.
The wings are more acute, the club of the antennae narrower and longer, the point more obtuse. The $ § resemble
the BS and are almost without whitish or yellowish dusting on the veins. Whilst in abruzzina specimens with
confluent spots: ab. striata {Tutt) Bgff. are extraordinarily frequent, they are entirely absent in montenegrina-,
abruzzina is smaller and with narrower wings than apfelbecki and has more truncate wings. I have received quite
small abruzzina from Mount Sirente. — Caught in June on the mountains of Albania (Schar-Dagh, Ljubeten)
Rebel has described the var. apfelbecki. It is decidedly more slim and with narrower wings than the specimens
of the high Alps, particularly the margin of the forewings and hindwings is distinctly shortened, so that the apex
stands out more sharply. The spots are deeper and livelier red and without any trace of the light surround
that so often occurs in the high alpine exulans. Spot 4 is always separated from spot 2; larger (higher). Length
of fore wings 13 15 mm. I he black hairs of the body show also at the collar no trace of whitish admixture.

Subsp. sajana Bgff. {Bang- Haas i. 1.) (1 lc) has been nominated from the Sajan Mountains (Munko
Sardyk and Shawyr) found at 2500 m in June. It is as large as vanadis, therefore larger than exulans, with wider
margin to the hindwings which have black veins. Club of the antennae short, relatively thin, slightly curved.
Scaling less dense than in vanadis. Wing length more elongated with considerable yellow admixture to the red.
Spots 3 and 5 of the forewings incline to be confluent. — Subsp. exiliens Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 24, plate 6 c) is known
to occur in the Tarbagatai Mountains as well as in the Altai.

IV. Subgen. Hyala Bgff.

Z. zuleima Pierr. (= ludicra Luc.) in Vol. 2, p. 19 and p. 441 (1 k) from Tunisia, Algeria. Rothschild
has named a yellow form ab. flavescens. The form in which the spots of the forewings are confluent is ab.
confluens Bziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 441). A small summer form from Tunis, flying in May, has been denominated by
Burgeff as forma aestiva. — the larva has a bluish-green ground colour. It has 2 dorsal rows of black almost
triangular spots at the anterior edge of the segments, of which 2 have between them a brilliant yellow spot on
the dorsal. The usual yellow vertical spots on the sides are very small. The belly is black, the hairs themselves
0, 8 to 1,2 mm long, like bristles, white, sometimes with black tips. The larva feeds on Daucus carota L. , the common
carrot, in Germany. It is probable that zuleima feeds in its african localities on Daucus plants. The cocoon is
boat-shaped with faint ridges, glossy white, preferably secured on a flat surface. Period of pupation 26 — 28 days.

Z. loyselis Oberth. from Algeria and Morocco (Vol. 2, p. 20) is to be considered a separate species.
Specimens with confluent spots on forewings are ab. confluens Bziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 20). The type race occurs
at Lambessa in East Algeria. — As a race is to be mentioned: var. occidentis Bgff. (= occidentals Oberth.,
n. praeocc.) fiom Geryville in V est Algeria, it has more lively colours, red is brighter and inclines to vermilion.
The red spots are expanded and well separated. — From West Morocco and the mountains of the Middle Altas
we have subsp. umgeniachi Le Cerf (1 k) (Oulmes, Morocco). It is a robust form with distinct red collar and red
shoulders but without a red abdominal belt. The specimen illustrated comes from Rabat (Morocco), from

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

13

the Museum at Tring. — var. montana Rothsch. (I k) of which the <J-type from the Museum at Tring is illustrated, montana.
caught at Azrou in the Middle Atlas (Morocco), is duskier and more heavily haired, without red collar and scarcely
any traces of same on shoulders, legs quite black. — In the var. fracticingulata Rothsch. (1 1) from the Great frachcvnyu-
Atlas (Hte Reraya, Morocco) which is fairly similar to ungemachi the red abdominal belt is clearly indicated
laterally. The $-type illustrated is from the Museum at Tring. — Further subsp. olivacea Rothsch. (1 1) from ohvacea.
Taza (northeast of Fez) in Morocco with olive green fore wings and dark carmine red reduced spots. The hindwmgs
are more or less heavily adumbrated. Thorax and abdomen quite black, shoulder blades deep carmine led.

The illustrated specimen is the $-type from the Museum at Tring.

The larvae feed on Eryngium campestre L. They differ from the favonia larvae chiefly in that the
yellow lateral spots and the red neck segment of favonia are absent. The cocoon of loy sells is smoother than
that of favonia.

Z. aurata Black. (Vol. 2, p. 31) (1 1) from the Morocco Atlas (Tizi Gourza) I consider as a separate aurata.
species. It differs entirely from favonia flying in the same locality, it is dainty with acutely pointed wings,
both on the upper and undersides it has a greenish brassy yellow glossy ground colour and similar collai and
shoulder blades, the thorax has similar hairs. The red is a pale carmine; spots very small: 1, 3, 5 and <> are
separate, 2 and 4 faintly conjoined. A very fine but somewhat darker border to the outer margin of the fore¬
wings and at the apex. Fringes brassy yellow. Hindwings slightly adumbrated at apex, fringes blackish. Thorax
and abdomen blue-black, the latter with red belt on 2—3 segments, which does not meet underneath. The
underside of the abdomen and the anal clasps in the as well as the legs are pure ivory-yellow. Feelers shorter
and less clavate than in favonia. The illustrated is from the Museum at Tring. — lire var. opaca Black, which, opaca.
according to the description should be placed here, is densely scaled as aurata , it has however a darkei led and
black ground colour with a green sheen. Collar and shoulder blades as in aurata, abdomen black underneath
with a red belt on 2 — 3 segments, legs yellow. From the foot of the moroccan Atlas (Amezmiz).

Z. favonia Freyer ( — cedri Bruand) in Vol. 2, p. 20 and 441. ab. flava Rothsch. is a pale glossy yellow V'
form, whilst powelli Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 441) is ochre yellow. Specimens similar to staudingeri have been named
ab. pseudostaudingeri (Rothsch,) Bgff. ; ab. valentini Bruand (Vol. 2, p. 20) are favonia with confluent spous on
forewings. — The type race of subsp. vitrina Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 20) is limited to Constantine; var. staudingei i Aust.

(Vol. 2, p. 20, plate 4 g) is to be classified as the next race, Nemours, Boghari, Oran, Tangiers. — var. littoralis littorahs.
Rothsch. (1 1) from the atlantic Litoral of Morocco (Mogador) has sooty grey-green ground colour. The red of
the spots of the forewings and the hindwings is dark purple to blood red. The specimen illustrated is from the
Museum at Tring. — var. niaroccensis n. nov. (intermedia Rothsch, n. praeocc.) (1 1) from Tizi Goura (moroccan marocccnsis
Atlas) is somewhat smaller and paler than littoralis, the spots are reduced. The body more heavily haired and
the legs more yellow. The cotype illustrated is from the Museum at Tring. var. borreyi Oberth. (1 m) has a borreyi
dull dusky appearance. The carmine colouration of the spots of the forewings and hindwings is darker than in
algerian specimens; Morocco (Chabat-el-Hamma, at the end of May). Illustration according to Oberth! . r.

In subsp. Cadillac! Oberth, (1 m) from Morocco (Azrou in the first half of July) the thorax is black without cadillaa.
grey-whitish hairs, the spots of the forewings are wider than in borreyi. Illustration according to Oberthur.

In subsp. thevestis Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 20) we have an outwardly distinct subspecies which differs both in
caterpillar and in the $ butterfly sharply from favonia and without a transition. This may be a separate
species which in the <$ sex almost resembles favonia *) ; Geryville, Lambessa, Tebessa, Guelt-es-Stel. It is difficult
to capture as it rises unusually rapidly on the approach of a human being within many yards distance.

The ground colour of the larvae of favonia is green, of the same shade as the food plant Eryngium
campestre L. (Umbellifere similar to a thistle) with a somewhat bluish sheen. Fine white lines extend along
the back and laterally over the stigmata. The subdorsal rows of spots consist of very small black spots. Each
segment bears 2 dots, underneath which laterally there are the usual yellow vertical spots. The haiis are like
bristles up to 2 mm length. Belly grey. In some specimens the grey colour between the segments surrounds
the larvae so that the light lateral and dorsal lines are interrupted. The larva is to be found full grown in
May. It rests with the head upwards on the underside of the leaf and eats the leaf from the inside so that the
dried edge with the prickles is left. In contrast to other Zygaena larvae, it cannot be easily dislodged from the
food plant, even when heavily shaken. The cocoon is widely boat-shaped with coarse raised grooves, brownish-
yellow and glossy. The shell of the pupa is yellowish- brown transparent at abdomen. Lhe cocoon is found
on smooth surfaces of very kind such as tree trunks, wooden fences, but never found on thin stem-like
substances such as the stalks of grass etc. and very rarely found on the food plant.

*) thevestis was by no means considered, as an aberration of favonia in Vol. 2, but only as a form of the favonia group,
Both can scarcely he deemed to be more nearly related.; I have captured, all 3, favonia, loyselis and thevestis on the Iljebtl-
Touggourt near Batna at the same spot and without finding transition forms. A misunderstanding arose owing to Oberthur
deeming all species dealt with in one paragraph of the “Macrolepidoptera” as belonging to one and the same species. This is
by no means the case and stress has often been laid on the fact that different species which are similar or closely related
can be grouped together as has been done in numerous cases. lhe 1 ublisher.

14

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

sarpedon.

hispanica.

variabilis.

carmcncita.

balearica.

bethunei.

algecirensis .

azona.

puncta.

pseudo-

trimaculata.

quinque-

puncta.

rubrior.

totir ubra.

punctum.
ii ala.

pseudo-

contami-

neoides.

pseudody-

sirepta.

faiiensis.

The thevestis larva differs from the favonia larvae by its whitish colour (instead of green). It feeds in
spots in which the ground is particularly warm.

Z. sarpedon Him. (Vol. 2, p. 20 and p. 441) from South France, Spain, Portugal, the Balearic Islands.
The races of sarpedon are very intermixed or variable. For Hubner’s type the wrong locality of Italv was
given, which he afterwards altered to Languedoc. But as a type race only specimens from Provence can come
into question. - The var. hispanica Rmb. (1 m) from Andalusia, Castile is not very variable, it has narrow
wings with small spots, thinly scaled up to the hyaline unsealed hindwing base. Spot 3 of forewings is absent,
hindwings only slightly darker at outer margin. Specimens illustrated are from Grenada. Similar butterflies I
have had from Guarda (Portugal). — Burgeff describes from Catalonia (Barcelona) the var. variabilis of which
the name expresses the high degree of variability of this race. Spot 3 is absent from forewings, hindwings are
red with more or less wide black border or black with red spot on discocellular or with more or less reddened
costa, chiefly with black, sometimes with red fold-area. Both forms also occur in 3 various forms of scaling.

The var. trimaculata (= vernetensis Oberth. Vol. 2, p. 20) occurs at Mines in Provence, in the East Pyrenees
and in the Maritime Alps. — The var. carmcncita Oberth. ( = sarpedon H.-Schaff.) (4 m), Vendee, Morbihan,
Lower Loire, Lower Charente, Basses- Alpes, Bouches du Rhone is robust, relatively large in build, fairly
densely scaled with enlarged forewing spots. Ground colour of forewings is dark blue-greenish ; red bright carmine.
Spot 2 and 4 of forewings often conjoined at least along the vein, abdominal belt fainter, in many 33 only
traces (Vendee). A 3 from Vendee is illustrated. Here we have to place ab. jlava Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 20).

subsp. balearica Bsd. (= confluenta Reiss) (lm): Cadiz, Sierra Nevada, Murcia, Balearic Islands.
Boisduval illustrates a specimen from Cadiz. Recently I had specimens sent from Chiclana, which all had a
rich, somewhat yellowish red in spots on forewings and hindwings, which were therefore more densely scaled,
although not much larger than hispanica. The dark margination of the hindwings is almost always quite absent
in the $, in the 3 it is narrower than in hispanica. Well pronounced distinct abdominal belt is always present.
Specimens with punctum- like spot arrangement on fore wings do not appear to be rare. My specimens from
Totana and Sierra de Espunna (Murcia) according to Ivorb correspond in general with these specimens of the
typical balearica. The cGtype of confluenta from the Sierra de Espunna is illustrated. — var. bethunei Romei
(1 m) which I received from Querci caught at Sierra Nevada (1200 m) also seem identical with balearica,
especially as regards the size and denser scaling, as well as the heavy red abdominal belt, but there does not
appear to be such a great variability as with balearica. Spots 2 and 4 are faintly conjoined, spot 5 is round.
The only $ at my disposal has heavier black margination of hindwings than balearica. — A very pronounced
subspecies is algecirensis Reiss (1 m, n) from Algeciras (according to Predota). It is larger and has wider wings
than hispanica and balearica, scaling sparser. Antennae with heavy club-heads. Spot 1 of fore wings generally
suffusing towards costa, spots 2 and 4 always conjoined (mostly widely), spot 3 faintly indicated, spot 5 mostly
axe-shaped and very suffused. Hindwings hyaline at base, otherwise red, the black margin in the 3 only present
at apex, in the $ generally quite absent. Hindwings very wide at inner margin. The whole body heavier,
thorax and abdomen strikingly heavily haired in both sexes, partly with white hairs on the thorax. A heavy
red abdominal belt over 2 segments. The types illustrated are from the Hungarian National Museum.

The following aberrations are mentioned: ab. azona Reiss without abdominal belt under trimaculata,
carmcncita and variabilis ; ab. puncta Reiss (4 n) with a small round red dot on the discocellular of the otherwise
quite bluish black hindwings under variabilis-, ab. pseudotrimaculata Bgff. (= nigrata Reiss) under variabilis
with completely adumbrated hindwings, without red body belt or only with traces of same; further ab. quinque-
puncta Reiss with a distinctly perceptible spot 3 on forewings in the races hispanica and variabilis-, ab. rubrior
Reiss thickly scaled as balearica, the enlarged spot 5 axe-like often suffusing towards the outer margin. The
other spots are also mostly enlarged; under hispanica and variabilis. Finally there is still ab. totirubra ( F .
Wagner i. 1.) Bgff. (near Albarracin) with completely red forewings; the black margin of hindwings is narrow.
The red abdominal belt extended over 2 segments and is open underneath.

The larvae feed on Eryngium campestre L. like those of favonia.

Z. punctum O. (Vol. 2, p. 20/21) from Hungary (as type race), lower Austria, the Balkan peninsular,
Italy, South Russia, Asia Minor. Burgeff substitutes var. itala for the already utilised name of italica Stgr.-
Rbl. (Vol. 2, p. 21). Specimens, mostly from Italy that are similar to the var. contamineoides Stgr. (Vol. 2,
p. 21) (1 n) which only occurs on Sicily, are best denominated as ab. pseudocontamineoides {Stgr.) Bgff. (Vol. 2,
plate 4 h) and those that are like the var. dystrepta Fisch.-Wald. as ab. pseudodystrepta Bgff. — Stauder
describes from Mount Faito the var. faitensis I have similar specimens in my collection from Mount Sirente
-, that varies considerably from the var. itala Bgff. by the confluent spots of fore wings and approaching thereby
dystrepta in appearance. Spot 5 of the forewings is very rarely separated from the other spots and at the same

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

15

time the specimens are very highly coloured. Specimens of this race that resemble rubicundus are ah. pseudo- pseudorubi-
rubicundus Std. — Burgeff has named the red-belted form of var. dystrepta Fisch.-Wald. (Vol. 2, p. 21) (In)
from South Russia as ab. cimgulata. The var. dystrepta has not actually completely red forewings in the spot cmgulata.
area, as indicated in Vol. 2; a typical specimen from the lower Volga is illustrated.

The subsp. anatoliensis Reiss (1 n) from the neighbourhood of Ak-Shehir in Asia Minor and probably anatolien-
distributed elsewhere — Amasia from the Vienna Museum - - is much smaller and daintier in comparison to the
other races. The red fills out uniformly deeply the whole spot area of the forewings, nearly as in Z. rubricundus
without reaching to the inner margin along its entire extent. Ground colour is shining bluish, not faintly
greenish glossy as in typical dystrepta , Hindwings have a faint dark margin at the apex. The red of the wings
appears somewhat paler. The ab. dystreptoides Reiss with arrangement of spots on the forewings similar to dystrep-
dystrepta and ab. cingulata ( Bgff .) Reiss occur. — malatina Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 21), n. praeocc. probably from cingJ^taCS'
Malatia is scarcely identical with anatoliensis. A specimen before me from Malatia from Burgeff s collection
is more brick-red. The ab. ? malatina Dziurz. (mentioned by the author himself in writing as ab.) has completely malatina.
red forewings, only the apex and a bit of the border are dark, hindwings without margin, i he red is also more
brick-red according to the written description of the author, and as in the specimen from the collection of
Burgeff, that has not completely red fore wings. Malatia may be presumed to be the original locality.

Z. contaminei Bsd. (Vol. 2, p. 20) (1 n) from the high Pyrenees is placed by Burgeff next to punctum contaminei.
as subspecies, whilst I should prefer to continue same as a species. A $ is illustrated. ! he larvae feed accord¬
ing to Oberthur on Eryngium bourgati. - The var. ledereri Rmb. from the mountains of Andalusia may ledereri.
correspond in general with those of contaminei from the Pyrenees.

V. Subgen. Santolinophaga Bgff.

Z. Corsica Bsd. (Vol. 2, p. 24). The illustration (1 n) represents the for the C see Vol. 2, plate 6 d. Corsica.
Specimens with confluent spots on forewings are ab. confluens Reiss. confluens.

VI. Subgen. Peucedanophila Bgff.

*-

Z. cynarae Esp. (= millefolii Esp.) (Vol. 2, p. 22 and p. 442) is a not widely distributed species. The cynarae.
local isolation of the various strains seems to favour the formation of races. Cynarae was named by Esper from
specimens from Galicia (surroundings of Lemberg). According to Esper’s illustration these are large insects with
wide wings, with fairly wide margins and normal red belts. Near to the type race, which I do not know, we have
var. pinskensis Bgff. which is found in the immense west Russian marsh land around Pinsk. These are very robust pinskensis.
and unusually wide- winged insects with rather rounded truncate wing apices. They exceed turatii in size of thorax
and abdomen. A specially constant characteristic of the marking is, as opposed to the type race, a wider black
maro-ination to the hindwings. It however is never continued to the area of the fold (inner angle), as for instance
in turatii, but seems to cut off the apex of hindwings obliquely. The $ $ show more reduced hindwings than usual
and exceptionally large bodies. The race flies mid- July. — The hungarian race var. pusztae Bgff. is said to be pusztae.
identical with the galician type race, but does not correspond with Esper’s illustrations. The insects are smaller
and daintier, fairly densely scaled, black with very faintly visible blue or green gloss, the $$ dusted with grey
or greenish, more daintily scaled than the CC ■ J he red is a deep dull carmine. Spots are fairly frequently partially
or completely confluent: ab. confluens Bgff. The red abdominal belt is always present. From Peszer-Alsodahas, confluens.
Budapest and Goedoeloe. — The var. veronicae Borkh. (2 a) (= cynarae 0.) is described from the neighbourhood veronicae.
of Marburg. The type distribution is unknown but the cynarae from Schweinfurt, Ludwigshafen, Schwetzingen
and Darmstadt are probably identical with same. Both sexes are somewhat narrower in the wing and decidedly
more sparsely scaled than pusztae. The thinner scaling makes the black areas of the wings strongly transparent,
the red is brighter, more iridescent. Some of the ££ have a heavy golden green gloss on the black areas of the
wings, which can also be indicated in the CE-> which in extreme cases reminds one of centaureae. ab. aureoviridis aurcovhi-
Bgff. The inclination to every degree of confluence is large: ab. confluens Bgff. (Vol. 2, p. 442), the red abdominal confluens[s
belt of the Co generally does not meet on the back. Here we must place ab. tricingulata Bgff. mentioned in
Vol. 2, p. 22. The specimens of veronicae illustrated come from Ludwigshafen. Larvae of veronicae are found
on damp, chalky marshy meadows feeding on Peucedanum cervaria and Libanotis montana.

Note: The form of genistae H.-Schaff. mentioned, in Vol. 2, p. 22 is a very uncertain cynarae form, which according
to various authors occurs in Siberia, the South Tyrol and the Riviera. The specimens illustrated in A ol. 2 on plate 5 d that
appear to correspond with the diagnosis have no defined locality; genistae H.-Schaff. was therefore deemed synonymous with
cynarae.

16

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

turatii.

uniia.

depunda.

rubra.

cynaroides.

deannulaia.

humilis.

deannulata

waltharii

ceriana

adriatica

centaur eae.

manner -
heimi.

'inverse .

ukrainica.

cynaraefor-

mis.

parvimacu¬

lata

privata

Whilst the mid and east european cynarae like damp, even marshy localities, the southern main race
subsp turatii Stdfss. (Vol. 2, p. 22 described as ab., £ plate 5 c) (1 1) prefers hot sunny places. The $ illustrated
originates from Genoa. The larvae of turatii are found only on Peucedanum cervaria, this applies to Genoa at
the end of May where the perfect insect and also caterpillars were found on the food plant, turatii is densely
scaled and fairly variable, apparently a purely coastal insect. Ligurian Apennines, Litoral of the Maritime
Alps, Illyria. The following named forms must be mentioned: ab. unita Rocci : forewing spots 1, 3 and •> as
well as 2 and 4 confluent ( conjuncta Rocci and semiconjluens Rocci are transitions hereto); ab. depuncta Rocci.
spot 3 of forewings is absent; ab. rubra Rocci : spots of the fore wing on underside are merged together to a
blotch of spots (transition semirubra Rocci)-, ab. cynaroides Rocci with completely developed abdominal belt;
ab. deannulata Rocci with quite black abdomen. — From the upper Yal Bisagno at an altitude of 900 m Rocci
describes a more thinly scaled dainty race with narrower wings and names it var. humilis. Similarly to this
main race belong large insects with truncate wing apices, small spots, densely scaled with wide margination
of the hindwings and red abdominal belt, sometimes absent in the ab. deannulata Rocci (transition semian-
nulata Rocci). in the $ it can be open on the upperside, from Bolzano (Etscli Valley), South Tyrol, named var
waltharii (= genistae Galb.) by Burgeff. — A further race var. ceriana Bgff. (2 a) from San Remo (Valley of
Ceriana) and Mentone, somewhat more sparsely scaled than turatii, larger in size and with wider wings an
relatively small body. Margination of hindwings wider. Only a part of the $$ show traces of a red belt on the
underside of the abdomen" The specimens illustrated are from Burgeff’s collection. — The var. adriatica
Bqif from Dalmatia and Istria (Zara, Salcano, Cologna) is very characteristic, it is similar to the former with
sparse scaling and very acute wings. The black margination of the hindwings is fainter, some SC and the
majority of $$ have indications of a red belt on the abdomen.

Further subsp. centaureae Fisch.-Wald. (Vol. 2, p. 22) (2 a) from the Ural region and the surroundings
of the Volga. In specimens from Uralsk (caught at the end of June) the chief characteristic, which is usually
said to be a green superficial gloss, does not occur in all specimens and varies considerably m its intensity. In
most specimens a 6th conjoined spot is present, all specimens have a brilliant red belt encircling the entire
abdomen, which in typical cynarae m the $$ almost always and in the $$ frequently is more or less covered
on the back and under the abdomen by interspersed black scales. The scaling is finer and denser, the red moie
brilliant inclining towards vermilion. The specimens illustrated are from Uralsk and from the collection of

Burgeff _ ab ? mannerheimi Chard. : the mannerheimi described and illustrated by Chardin y probably

belongs to cynarae and not to laeta. According to the illustration these are specimens with widely confluent
spots on the forewings, but not with inverse markings as in the subsequent aberration. As the locality is given
as “Sibiria orientalis” this form is meanwhile placed with centaureae. — There is further to be mentioned:
ab inversa Bgff (= mannerheimi H.-Schdff., praeocc.), from the Urals, it has the red pigment so enlarged that
actually the forewings seem to show red ground with black spots. — Sheljuzhko considers centaureae as a
separate species as, for instance near Kieff, where cynarae is widely distributed in woody localities, it only
occurs about the middle of July at 2 specific spots near the town, where cynarae is not found. This race named
by Sheljuzhko as var. ukrainica from Kieff is differentiable chiefly by the sparser scaling as compared wit i
centaureae from Uralsk. The red is brighter and more intensive, the gloss of the forewings more considerable,
either green or blue. Spot 4 of the fore wings is generally smaller in comparison to spot 3 than m centaureae
from Uralsk. Here follow: ab. cynaraeformis Shelj., insects similar to cynarae with a round spot 5 of the bre¬
wings; ab. parvimaculata Shelj.: spot 4 smaller than spot 3 and the remaining spots also reduced; ab. privata
Shelj.: spot 4 quite absent, the other spots considerably reduced. The ab. cynaraeformis Shelj. occurs moie
frequently in connection with ab. parvimaculata and ab. privata than individually. The larva of centaureae
-eeds according to Zhuravlev exclusively on Peucedanum ruthenicum M. B.

VII. Subgen. Lictoria Bgff.

achilleae.

augsburga.

rubrcscens.

Z. achilleae Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 27 and p. 443). The specimen described by Esper originates from Uffen-
heim in Franconia. As long as the inseots from Uffenheim are not known, the form from the Maine Valley
(Gambach) must be considered the type raoe. Specimens from the Maine Valley are generally fairly densely
scaled, the $ very heavily, S rather less, but generally distinctly dusted with yellow. The axe-like mark (5—6)
is somewhat reduced at the costa of the forewings. The red colour on the forewings is carmine inclining to ver¬
milion. The distribution of the species is: mid and south Europe, western and Central Asia (northwards to
Belgium, east Prussia, westwards as far as Aragon, eastwards as far as the Altai, to the south as far as mid
Italy, Greece, Mesopotamia), viciae and bellis are both described by Hubner as occurring at Augsburg; the
name viciae Him. was previously utilised for the uncertain type viciae Schrank-Fuessly. Burgeff therefore
replaces viciae by ab. (var. ?) augsburga. Among the race occurring around Augsburg there are larger
individual specimens with brilliant superficial bluish gloss which are denominated ab. bellis Him. The name
bellis Him. (Vol. 2, p. 27) hitherto used for south tyrolian races loses its justification. Besides the aberrations
mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 27, we have to mention: ab. rubescens Reiss with almost quite red forewings m the

Piibl. 7. V. 1930.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

17

tana.

/ liras fa na.

flavoprae-

texta.

rhenana.

area of the spots, only between spots 3 -4 and the axe-shaped mark there is a narrow patch of black
that is also interspersed with red scales; ab. flavogrisea Bgff. ( = grisea Reiss, praeocc.) SS heavily dusted flavogrisea.
with grey-yellow. The yellow form ab. flava (Vol. 2, p. 27) was described by Dziurzynski and not by flava.
Romanoff. The ab. blachieri (Vol. 2, p. 443) is described by Dziurzynski. The name fulva Spul. is withdrawn, blachieri.

_ var. rhingauiana Bgff. is a narrow winged very densely scaled race shining with blue gloss on the rhingcm-
upperside of forewings of <$<$. Spot 5 -6 on costa is not reduced but regularly developed. Spots incline
to be confluent. Red of spots, a brilliant carmine, of hindwings pure carmine rose. The SS rarely, regularly
dusted with yellowish-grey. Burgeff mentions a gynandrous hermaphrodite, $ on left, <$ on right; Geisen-
heim (Rheingau). Burgeff separates var. jurassina for the large, wide winged, thinly scaled race from j
the Swabian Alb, which is rarely dusted with yellowish white in the £ sex, but heavily in the $; spots of
normal size, sometimes axe-shaped mark is somewhat reduced on costa, diffused in its outline on account
of the sparse scaling. Red of hindwings a delicate carmine rose, that of the spots somewhat bolder and
partly mixed with vermilion. From Spaichingen, Tuttlingen, Sigmaringen, Herrlingen, Klingenstein in June.

Specimens of this race that have an appressed yellowish dusting in the neighbourhood of the spots which
appears to surround same with yellow, are named by Burgeff as ab. ilavopraetexta. - A very cleaily differenti¬
able race is var. rhenana Reiss (2 b) from the Kaiserstuhl; larger and more thinly scaled than the preceding with
considerably increased red spots on forewings, above all with large wide shell-like spot inclining to confluence.

Specimens from the Swiss Jura (Bozingen) are identical. The $ type is illustrated. — As compared with the type
race, the var. beraunensis Reiss, has smaller spots and is generally smaller and daintier. The red is darker, beraunensis.
Faint superficial blue sheen, besides sparse, interspersion of yellowish scales on forewings of both sexes, the
spots sometimes appear distinctly with yellowish surrounds. Mid-Bohemia (Karlstein, Radotin). - The var.
peszerensis Reiss from the sandhills in the surroundings of Budapest is small with generally very acutely formed
wings. — The east Prussian main race subsp. zobeli Reiss (2 b), type race from Osterode, is much more heavily
built, rather larger, more densely scaled with a light superficial gloss on forewings. All spots are reduced,
especially spot 3, that often can quite disappear. The small spot G is frequently attached to spot 5, that is
also small. The $$ have yellowish scale interspersions on the forewings, often however they are quite without
yellow scales. The margination of the hindwings is heavier. As according to Burgeff races occur in East
Prussia that differ in some respects from zobeli, we mention zobeli as a subspecies. The $ type is illustrated.

The high alpine form (Valais, Upper Engadin, Bavarian Alps) has been named subsp. alpestris Bgff. (= achilleae alpesiris.
Mengelbir) occurring at 1200 to 2000 m. The chief characteristics are : Thin regular scaling and dusky appearance
together with an inclination to a reduction of spots 5 — 6 and the complete absence of the yellowish dusting in
the $$; Berghn (Engadin) Saas-Fee (Valais). — The South tyrolian race of this high mountain insect is of
medium size, enlarged forewing spots and called var. castellana Std., being somewhat related to praeclara castellana.
(see later) flying in the valleys; Castelrotto 700 -750 m, Costazza 1500—1700 m. — The subsp. miniacea Oberth. miniacea.
(2 b) (= achilleae Dap.) from Charente, lower Charente, Vendee shows a more apparent gloss. Ground colour
steel blue sometimes slightly greenish. The red is a brilliant vermilion more or less mixed with carmine; $
dusted with pale grey. The illustrated specimens are from Bompierre sur mer. The yellow form is ab. flava flava.
Oberth. — Oberthur mentions ab. brunnea of subsp. tristis (Vol. 2, p. 27) from the high Pyrenees (Cauterets) brunnea.
that is brown instead of red. — The subsp. arragonensis Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 27) (2 b) is limited to Aragon. The £
illustrated is from Sierra Alta, Aragon, 1800 m. — The Basses-Alpes (Eigne) and Isere are the habitat of subsp.
achillalpina Bgff. (= alpina Oberth., n. praeocc.; achilleae Bsd.) (2 b) with large wide wings and enlarged spots, achillal -
It is probably the largest race of european achilleae with carmine red spots and hindwings, $$ dusted greenish
grey. The ^ illustrated is from Eigne. Under this heading ab. janthina Bsd. is mentioned, it has small red spots janthina
on forewings and the small spot 6 is frequently attached to spot 5.

peszerensis.

zobeli.

pma

wagmeri Mill. (Vol. 2, p. 21 and p. 441) from the Maritime Alps, eastwards to Alassio, type race La wagneri.
Turbie, which has hitherto been deemed a separate species, can be added to achilleae as a subspecies. Besides
the aberrations mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 21 there are: ab. subcaerulea Mill. (= nigra Dziurz. Vol. 2, p. 21) and subcaerulea
ab. sexmacula Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 441) (= quadrimaculata Oberth.) — The race from Alassio: var. osthelderi sexmacula.
Bgff. (2 c) is the darkest type of wagneri. In the $ spots are very small, often scarcely visible with considerably 06 "
increased black hindwing margin, so that in a large number of insects the hindwings are almost black. There
is an increase in the superficial blue sheen (more rarely green sheen) especially in dusky specimens. In the
$ these characteristics are less pronounced. Spots of forewings mostly with yellow border. — In the ligurian
Apennines westwards to Ceriale we find subsp. ligustica Rocci ( = ligustina Bgff.) (2 c) that belongs immediately ligustica.
next to wagneri , but in seme respects is closer to achilleae. The differences from wagneri are: larger, narrower
black margin to hindwings, generally on forewings spot 6 is attached or converged with spot 5, red more
brilliant. The $$ show the yellowish dusting of achilleae $ in the shape of fine yellowish edges to spots, the
black margination of hindwings is generally only perceptible at apex. The superficial colouring is less distinct.

Supplementary Volume 2. 3

18

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

i seudoachil-
leae.
divisa.
pseudo -
cynarae.
seudowag-
neri.
latemargi-
nata.
varvipunc-
ta.

pauper a.
decollata.
■anslucens .
lavocincta.
flavoin-
spersa.
conjuncta.
parva.
flava.
oropinqua.
pseudo-
ligustica.
praeclara.

•iptolemus.

confluens.

flavoprae-
texta.
cingulata.
naximeru-
bra.
restrict a.

verityana.

aspera.

aestivalis.

transsyl-

vaniae.

batcanica.

acedonica.

Brilliant blue specimens are rarer, green glossy specimens frequent. The specimens illustrated are from Genoa.
■The great variability of this subspecies is shown by the following aberrations: ab. pseudoachilleae Rocci with
axe-like mark 5 — 6 like achilleae; ab. divisa Rocci with spots 5 and 6 of forewings separated (six-spotted); ab.
pseudocynarae Rocci , purely five-spotted, spot 5 round, narrower margin on hindwings; ab. pseudowagneri
Rocci is similar to wagneri with fairly wide black margin on hindwings, five-spotted : ab. latemarginata Bgff.
(= latomarginata Rocci, n. praeocc.) with considerably wider black margin on hindwings; ab. parvipuncta Rocci
with very small spots on forewings; ab. paupera Rocci without spot 4; ab. decollata Rocci without white necklet;
ab. trarsslueeras Bgff. (= diaphana Rocci n. praeocc.) with semi-transparent wings in consequence of sparse
scaling. Further ab. flavocincta Rocci with yellowish circumscription of spots of forewings; ab. flavoinspersa
Rocci like former but with yellow dusting between spots; ab. conjuncta Rocci ( = confluens Rocci, trans.):
spot 1 confluent with 3 and rarely spot 2 with 4 and ab. parva Rocci relating to small specimens about half the
size. The ab. flava HebsacJcer is the yellow form, flavescens Rocci is a transition thereto. — The var. propinqua
from greater altitudes of the ligurian Apennines (Mount Alpesisa) is named by Rocci. It has generally less
brilliant colouration and the characteristics of ab. pseudoachilleae of ligustica. Specimens of this race that are
similar to ligustica are called ab. pseudoligusfica Rocci.

The remarkably large and beautiful main race from the southern valleys of the Alps (Etsch and Eisack
Valleys near Bolzano) are named by Burgeff subsp. praeclara (2 c) (hitherto erroneously classified as bellis
Him., Vol. 2, p. 27, plate 7 c). The size and above all the stout abdomens of $$ are characteristic, rich colours
with considerable blue sheen of <§<$, fainter blue or green gloss in Red is more vermilion than carmine.
The majority of $$ without yellow dusting.

The tuscan races as type race and besides the iqiper and mid-italian races with the exception of the
group from the Riviera, are assembled under subsp. triptolemus Hbn. (2 d) as dark forms from the Litoral in
Italy do not occur with the exception of Liguria and the variations of the races grouped together hereafter
are small. Hubner mentions Tyrol as the locality. Oberthur assumes the race from Tuscany to be the type
race which agrees with Hubner \s illustrations. The ground colour is steel-blue sometimes faintly greenish,
spots of forewings and hindwings inclined to be vermilion red. Spots enlarged. The 9? are large with wide
wings, sparsely dusted with yellow or scarcely at all. Margin of hindwings narrow. The 3 illustrated comes
from the hills round Florence (Burgeff’s collection). Aberrations to be enumerated are: ab. confluens (. Dziurz .)
Bgff. (= emirubra Vrty. and elongata Vrty.)-, ab. flavopraetexta Bgff., see previously and ab. cingulata Vrty.
(= cingulata Trti.) with red abdominal belt. — Varying races are: var. maximerubra Bgff. (= ruberrima Vrty.,
n. praeocc.) with increased red from the Province Caserta (Mount Mainarde). Spot 1 strongly diffused on costa,
spot 2 often conjoined with sjiot 4. Spot 5 — 6 fan-shaped; in the 2nd half of June. — var. restricta Std. from
the peninsular of Sorrent, Mount Faito, above 1000 m is smaller (length of forewings 9- 12 mm). Abdomen and
feelers very stumpy, the latter shorter, thinner, clubs much less heavy, ground colour glossy bluish black,
fringes yellow. Spots reduced, spot 3 frequently minute, spot 5 — 6 generally small, narrow, falcate. The $$
shining grey-silvery, spots with whitish edges and these borders contrasting clearly from the general colouration.
Red suffused. Hindwings almost hyaline transparent. var. verityana Bgff. (= bellis Vrty., n. praeocc.) from
the Sibillini Mountains (Ascoli Piceno) with wide large spotted wings, approximating to praeclara, the $$ however
very densely dusted with yellow and differing thereby from praeclara. The red is less brilliant than in maxime¬
rubra. — Close to maximerubra is a race from Mount Sirente and Mount Velino (Abruzzi) : var. aspera Bgff.
It approaches praeclara in regard to size and has large brilliant red spots. The $$ are heavily scaled with
golden yellow. This yellow scaling is very coarse like the rest of the scaling. The yellow scales are visibly
interspersed among the black. The fringes especially at the inner angle of hindwings are long and ciliate.
Forma aestivalis Oberth. is the smaller summer form (August) with less deep colours.

In Transylvania (Gyergyoszent-Miklos) we have subsp. transsylvaniae Bgff. which varies considerably.
They are very dark specimens. The small spot 6 of forewings is conjoined with the enlarged spot 5. In the
disperse yellow scaling occurs, that is increased in the areas around the spots and indicates a yellow border to
spots. The hindwings have definite black margins. The subsp. balcanica Reiss (2 c) from Istria, Bosnia and
Herzegowina (Type race from Koricna, Bosnia, 1000 — 1200 m) is of a dusky appearance and has fairly
wide wing contour with rounded apex. The $ is dusted with impure yellow on forewings. Hindwings of the
<33 more or less margined with black. Thorax and abdomen distinctly hairy. The $ type is illustrated. -
Whilst balcanica still retains the normal red with inclination towards vermilion, on the other side of the albanian
frontier we find the pronounced rose colour of asiatic races, as in subsp. macedonica Bgff. (2 d) from Macedonia
(lake of Dojran). Less large than the type race of achilleae, distinctly narrow-winged at least in the 3. The
white scaling of the legs is very pronounced, distinctly white double collar is present, thorax has whitish hairs
also in the 3<S- The $$ densely scaled with bright yellow. Indications of black scaling only on the margin of
forewings, also many 33 more or less dusted with yellow, so that the dark margin of forewings contrasts also

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

19

with them. Pure rose-red on the very narrowly margined hindwings and pale vermilion mixed with carmine
red on the large spots. Apical spot well developed into an axe-like mark.

The asiatic races of achilleae can scarcely be envisaged: subsp. bitorquata Mm (Vol. 2 , E - >) ' “ cl) ^
limited to Pontus and Armenia. A $ from Erivan from Burgeff s collection is illustrated. Subsp. aiiatohca
Bqfi (Vol 2 plate 7 d) from southern Anatolia (Ak-Shehir and Marash m the Taurus) is smaller than former
with large rose-red spots and hindwings and strong inclination to confluence of the spots. 1 he forewings of
no and ?ome of 33 are densely scaled with yellow. The races of Staudinger var. antiochena and var. plwemcea
dlustrated in VoL 2, p. 27, plate 7 d belong here. - The var. senilis Bgff. from the alpine regions around Malatia seml,s.
is still a little smaller than anatolica, yellow scaling considerably increased, the legs and underside of abdomen
completely" whitish yellow . On the upperside of forewings the yellow surrounds of the spots are increased maze.

The shell-shaped spot is reduced to a round dot, its pre vious size is indicated by a more intensive yellowish scaling
The red is the usual rose of specimens from Asia Minor. The hairs especially of georgiae

far only the are known. - - subsp. georgiae Reiss (2 d) from the neighbourhood of Ab red “ ° *
the mountains of Tiflis is larger and more densely scaled in comparison to previous asiatic laces. 1 he i •
dark rose Spot 5-6 seem falcate. Forewings of generally without yellow scale mterspersion among ! the -red
spots, in the $ relatively few. Fairly heavy blue or green gloss is visible. Margmation of hindwings rathe
heavy especially at apex. The types are illustrated.

Food plants of achilleae are Hippocrepis comosa L. and Coronilla vana L.

Z. ignifera Korb (Vol. 2, p. 27 and p. 443) (2 e). A freshly emerged pair caught by Mr. 0. Qgerci is ujmfcra.
illustrated; in Vol. 2 there is an illustration of a 3 (" a)-

Z. ecki Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 24, plate 6 c) and Z. cambysea Led. with subsp. V ^ cambysea.
and p. 443, plate 6 i) are placed here. In the latter ab. cingulata Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 443) with red abdomma , ringulata.

Z armena Eversm. (= kadenii Led.) (Vol. 2, p. 27 and p. 443, plate 7 c). Specimens with confluent armena.
spots in “al area of forewing from Georgia are named by Byrcere «b. eonfiuens _ ZZZ.

caucasica Stgr.-BU. has proved to be an alpine armena. var .caucasica Stg, -BU must be , p
alvina Dziurz (Vol 2 p 443) is synonymous with caucasica, its chief characteristics are . , - c . , ’

more tMckTjGiaired in fS, sparse sealing of both sexes, weak margination of the spots which in the ^ .s o e
quite reduced, reduction and dissolution of the shell-like spot on margin, that separates into 2 diffuse but
distinctly distinguishable spots and less heavy black margins of hindwings m the do-

Romff. (Vol. 2, p. 26 ecki.

Z. haematina Kollar (Vol. 2, p. 27/28) (2 e)

is to be considered a separate species. The type from the haematina.

_ . /— J TTT TV * \ r 1 ' 1 1 .-v Ill -Vi4 1 *

Vienna Museum is illustrated. It is caught at Shiraz, Province Farsistan (S.W Persia). There a further
specimen in the Vienna Museum. Faintly scaled forewings with quite faint green gloss; spots pale ose spots 1
S 2 confluent spots 3 and 4 small and separate, spot 5 and 6 elongated crescent shaped and confluent.
Hindwings pale’ rose, semi-transparent, slightly more densely scaled with rose at inner angle, gather mom
heavily scaled with darker rose in the outer area, especially at the apex, collar, scapulae and abdominal
on one segment coloured rose. Legs yellowish.

VIII. Subgen. Peristygia Bgff.

Z. anthyllidis Bsd. (= erebus i Meig.) (Vol. 2, p. 22 and p. 442) from the high Pyrenees. The J and anlKyUMis.
tbp 0 from Gedre are freshly illustrated on plate 2 e. In regard to caucasica Stgr.-RU. see above under
arL» T e form with confluent spots 1 and 3 and also spots 5 and 6 and other comb.natmns is ab con- consuncta.
I(,nda (= conjnncta Dziurz., Vol. 2, p. 442, eonfluens Le Charles ). The ab. flava Oherth. (Vol. 2, p. -2) is
described under exulans and therefore need not be mentioned here.

Z. oxytropis Bsd. (Vol. 2, p. 25 and p. 443) (2 e): Obebthub and Verity see in

surrounds to the spots The distribution of oxytropis is Italy (westwards Pox to Maun o, c ,-

~“ra‘ce being from Tuscany. The tp “ — ■

vzz tsr

without black surrounds on forewings, spot 6 is absent on upperside; ab. rubernma Sid., all 0 spots wide j

20

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

lampa- conjoined together being confluent. In ab. lampadouche Bgff. ( = gueneeiformis Vrty.) the lateral black margin-
douche. ation of spots has suffused and unites spot 3 with 5 and 2 with 4, otherwise the red spots are more or less
confluent (Sabini Mountains). I myself possess a specimen from Genoa with the whole area of spots consisting
Iricingulata . of red, only between spot 3 and 5 there is a small black streak. The ab. tricingulata Vrty. has a red abdominal
belt over 3 segments. There are also quite small specimens with less intensive colouring which, as the denomin¬
ation given them of minima Rocci is previously utilised, had better remain unnamed. — Verity has established
pumila. various races, for instance, var. pumila Vrty. very small with narrow wings and dainty build, otherwise similar
Mcrubra. to the type race, not leaning towards sibyllina, from the Mountains of Tuscany (Traversa). — var. laterubra
Vrty. from Caserta (Mount Mainarde), Abruzzi (Mount Sirente); large, red of spots more extended than in the
corsioides. other races, so that frequently all spots are confluent. Here we have to mention: ab. corsioides Bgff. as
Tleboniela's cors^co^es Std.; ab. odonotafa Bgff. with spot 4 widely intersected by black; ab. phlebomelas Std. with veins
'irregularis, with black scales creating a ray-like marking; ab. confluens ZicJcert; ab. irregularis Std. : spots 5 and 6 are absent,
ruberrima. spots 1 and 2, as well as 3 and 4 confluent; ab. ruberrima Std. (see above); ab. reissi Std. without black circum-
rubescens scripti°n to the spots; ab. rubescens Bgff. : spot 1 elongated on costa and united with spot 3 ending just before
garibaldina. spot 5 of the fore wings; ab. garibaldina Std. with quite red forewings on upper and undersides. — The var.
sibyllina. sibyllina Vrty. (2 f) Mount Sibillini (Bolognola) is a small mountain race, larger however than 'pumila and
delicately and sparsely scaled, forewings semitransparent, only the margin still intensive but narrowly black.
quercii. The <$ illustrated is from Verity’s collection. — The var. quercii Vrty. from Sicily (Mount Cuccitiello), differen¬
tiates chiefly by its wide wings and exceptional size. It shows alpine character combined with sparser scaling.

- In northwest Sicily Stauder discovered a small (smaller than sibyllina) race that occurs rarely: var.
insulicola. insulicola Std. with normal colouration. The forewing spots are conjoined in pairs and with distinct black
circumscription, spots 5 and 6 form a perfect right angle with almost equally long sides.

acticola. The subsp. acticola Bgff. (2 f) from Alassio, Laigueglia and Porto Maurizio varies considerably from

the type race. It differs by its somewhat longer and narrower wings, much darker with less green gloss, dusky
red, very coarse scaling and longer fringes. Hindwings with wider black margin. Spots of forewings surrounded
completely with black, the vertical part of the circumscription considerably heavier. Red spot 4 in some
and in most 99 interspersed with yellow- white scales, in some 9$ Ike upper and lower parts are almost yellow,
inopinata. only the middle being red: ab. inopinata Bgff. The <$ illustrated is from Alassio.

The larva has been bred on Lotus corniculatus L. in captivity. Verity mentions Onobrychis sativa
as the food plant. The ground colour of the larva after the last moult is deep velvety black. Head bluish black.
There is a pale rose-red dorsal stripe with a grey-reddish tone beginning on the 3rd segment and disappearing
in a similar way on the anal segment. The rose-red tone of the narrow lateral stripe merges underneath
quickly in the grey-black of the flanks. In the upper part of the lateral stripe there are at regular intervals
from the 5th segment 7 brilliant sulphur yellow warts. On the lateral excurvations of the rose coloured dorsal
stripe there are tufts of stiff white bristle-like hairs on each segment. The stigmata and surrounds are
grey-black. Thoracic legs black, prolegs fleshy red. Pupa longish in an eggshaped round cocoon.

graslini. Z. graslini Led. (Vol. 2, p. 25) (2 f) is distributed in Syria, Mesopotamia, Taurus and Kurdistan. In

confluens. regard to ab. confluens the author’s name is Dziurzynski and not Oberthur. A from Syria is illustrated.

rhadaman- Z. rhadamanthus Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 26 and p. 443) is distributed in South France and the Pyrenee Peninsular.

thus. qqie type race is from Mines (Languedoc). In regard to its relationship with oxytropis I refer to my remarks
gueneei. in that species. The ab. gueneei Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 443) (= confluens Heinrich ) corresponds with ab. lampa¬
douche Bgff. in oxytropis ; ab. cingulata Led. (Vol. 2, p. 2G) is to be limited to all races that are pronouncedly
flava. without belts. The yellow form ab. flava Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 443) also occurs. The subsp. alfacarensis Reiss
alfacarensis. (_ rhadamanthus H.-Schdff.) (2 f) from Andalusia, type race from Sierra de Alfacar, is larger and more robust
than rhadamanthus. The specimens illustrated are typical. Spots 3 and 4 as well as spots 5 and 6 are often
confluent together. On the underside of forewings the area of spots shows a complete red surface in which the
separate spots can be discriminated. Hindwings red with narrow black margin. The hairs of thorax and
abdomen are denser, abdomen always has a distinctly visible red belt. Specimens from Albarracin vary little.

As Jciesenwetteri H.-Schdff. has been utilised as the name of an aberration, Verity has denominated the
barcina. Catalonian race (Barcelona) as var. barcina (2 f). The race is small with bright colours and the 99 are dusted
with grey. The thorax has profuse white hairs, abdominal belt absent, ground colour brightly glossy green or
blue, six-spotted and hindwings often strongly suffused with black. Specimens of this race with normal red
pseudo- hindwings are named ab. pseudorhadamanthus Bgff. The following aberrations occur: ab. quinquemaculata
rhadaman- (Oberth.) Bgff. (see later on); ab. Jciesenwetteri H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 6 h) and ab. obscura (Oberth.)
quinque- ^e^ss (2 g) (see later on). — Verity has named the race from the Pyrenees (La Traucada d’Ambouilla in the

maculata. east Pyrenees in April, May) var. pyrenaea (= rhadamanthus Oberth.). It is without gloss, ground colour of the
obscura.
pyrenaea.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

21

forewings bluish-grey, red dull and without gloss, abdomen without belt. - The subsp. grisea Oberth. (Vol. 2, gnsea.
p 443 plate 6 h ab. cingulata) (2 g) from the Basses-Alpes (Type from Digne) is dusted whitish-grey on the
forewings. The following aberrations have been named: ab. kiesenwetteri (. H.-Schdff .) Oberth. and ab. gueneei kiesenwet-^
Oberth. (see above). The $ illustrated is from Digne. — Next to it var. azurea Bgfj. ( = oxytropiferens Vrty.) guenSeL
from the Maritime Alps (Vence, La Turbie etc.) with chief characteristic a brilliant blue superficial gloss on the azurea.
black areas of wings. The $$ sometimes faintly dusted with grey. Specimens with hindwings more or less
blackish are ab. pseudostygia Bgff. ; ab. albovittata Vrty. denominates specimens with a white longitudinal stripe pseudo- -
on forewings. — A constant race var. stygia Bgff. ( = kiesenwetteri Oberth. ) (2 g) with rather heavy blackish margins albovittata.
to hindwings occurs at Bordighera, San Remo and other localities on the Litoral of the Maritime Alps. F orewmgs stygia.
are blue black or greenish with 6 black bordered spots. The illustrated is from San Remo. ab. obscura Obetth.
denominates specimens with dusky forewing spots and black hindwings and ab. quinquemaculata Oberth. which ^cZlata.
are five-spotted are not exactly rare here. To be mentioned still are: ab. albovittata Vrty. ( see above) and ab. albovittata .
pseudoazurae Bgff. with predominantly red hindwings. — Finally there is subsp. algarbiensis Christ. ( = roedeii Pseu
Stgr.) (Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 6 h) from South Portugal (Faro).

Z. lavasidulae Esp. (= spicae Hbn.) (Vol. 2, p. 25/26, plate 6 g). Distribution throughout Liguria, S. lavandulae.
France and Spain. In the type race from S. France specimens with considerably increased red on hindwings
are named ab. pseudoconsobrina (Germ.) Bgff. (Vol. 2, plate 6 g). Oberthur designates with ab. siepii the v^0Vrina
yellow form; ab. powelli Oberth. are specimens in which the lateral black border of forewing spots is suffused sjepq.
(similar to ab. lampadouche Bgff. in oxytropis ) and spot 2 and 4 as well as 3 and 5 are conjoined and besides powelli.
spot 1 and 3 are merged longitudinally with red. — The var. consobrina Germ. (Vol. 2, p. 26) (2 g) is limited
to Marseilles, the estuary of the Rhone, Digne, Hyeres and the Pyrenees. The illustrated is from Digne.

Specimens in which spot 4 is absent on forewings are named ab. quadripuncta by Burgeff. - In the Sierra quad™mida
Espunna (Murcia) a pronounced race subsp. espunnensis Reiss (2 g, h) occurs with considerably enlarged espunnen.
forewing spots. The insects are larger and more robust. The underside of forewings shows a completely red sis.

surface over the spot area. The hindwings are red with a more or less heavy black margin. The $ and $ illus¬
trated are the types, ab. pseudolavandulae Pern refers to specimens like lavandulae, that occur rarely. A specimen v*™^ulae_
with completely red hindwing in which black pigments cover the anal fold of the wings, stretching also to the
apex midway to the discocellular are named ab. eradiata by Burgeff. The insect gives the impression of a cradiata.
Zygaena with normally black bordered hindwings. — In Albarracin (Aragon) a race occurs halfway between
lavandulae and espunnensis with a heavier superficial gloss, which reminds one of theryi.

Z. theryi Joannis (Vol. 2, p. 443) (= nisseni Rothsch.) (2 h) is a genuine species distributed in Algiers theryi.
(Hamman R’irha, Philippeville, Djebel-Zaccas), flying in May. Besides the thinner and longer antennae that
are only slightly thickened towards the clubs and the hindwings that are quite black on the upperside, theryi
differs "from lavandulae by the deeper blue gloss of the ground colour and also of body and the black instead
of white fringes to forewings, which appear more rounded. The specimens illustrated are from Hamman R hha
and from Burgeff’s collection.

The larva was illustrated by Lord Rothschild on a pocket carbon block but was not described. The
food plant is stated to be Coronilla spec., according to Burgeff it is a Lotus with rough edged stem with
woolly fluff and characteristic trefoil leaves.

IX. Subgen. Coelestis Bgff.

Z. cuvieri Bsd. (Vol. 2, p. 26 and p. 443, plate 6 h). Distribution over Mesopotamia, Armenia, Syria, cuvicii.
Transcaspia, Persia. Here we have ab. confluens Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 26) and ab. totarubra Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 44.>). totarubia.
— Burgeff establishes the var. libani (2 h) from Lebanon. This Syrian race is distinguished from the Persian hbani.
and armenian races by the considerably reduced spots, of which the two outer ones seem to be each resolved into tw o,
so that here a normal six-spotted type is indicated. The specimen illustrated was caught at Beirout and is from
the collection of Burgeff.

Here we should place Z. rubrieollis Hmps. (2 h) — Chitral — which according to the painted illustration rubricolhs.
from the British Museum appears more heavily scaled and of darker carmine colouring than cuvier i. The middle
and outer forewing spots of cuvieri have dissolved in two, the basal spot is reduced, spots 3 and 4 are inteisected
by a vein, spots 5 and 6 are fairly widely separated. I should consider rubrieollis to be a subspecies of cuvieri.

Z. rubrieollis is mentioned already in Vol. 10, p. 52 of the Indian Fauna as being a boundary-line insect, but it
is as well to mention it among the palaearctic Fauna.

Z. tamara Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 26 and p. 443, plate 7 b). In ab. rubra (Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 7 b) the author s tamara.
name should be corrected to Stgr.-Rbl .; besides we have to name ab. daemon Christ. (\ ol. 2, p. 26, plate / b).

Z. placida 0. B.-H. (2 h) from the Wan region (Armenia). It appears to be very closely related to placida.
tamara. The black ground colour has a bluish gloss (about like cuvieri from the same locality), the spot marking

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

cscalerai.

manlia.

nigra.

fraxini.

cingulata.

confluens.

nigra.

alba.

confluens.

rubescens.

ornata.

separata.

altissima.

crschoffi.

truchmena.

earbuncula.

formosa.

mangcri.

laticineta.

kavrigini.

rolhschildi.

corresponds approximately with that of tamara, also the size. The antennae seem to me weaker and shorter
than in tamara. The red especially on the forewings is intermixed with yellow (vermilion colour), hindwings
with exception of the inner angle somewhat transparent, similar to cuvieri. Collar and scapulae red, tamara
only has a yellow collar, abdominal belt about the same as tamara, only red. Black margins of hindwings fainter
than in tamara. The $ illustrated was placed at my disposal from the collection of Bang-Ha as.

Z. escalerai Pouf. (Vol. 2, p. 28) is illustrated on plate 2 i according to Oberthur.

Z. manlia Led. in Vol. 2, p. 26 and illustrated on plate 6 h is now considered a genuine species, whilst

Z. cacuminum Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 6 k) is classified as a subspecies of manlia. We have to name here ah.
nigra Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 443).

Z. fraxini Menetr. (= carneolica Freyer, oribasus H.-Schaff.) in Vol. 2, p. 27/28 and p. 443, plate 7 e,
from Armenia and Central Asia. Sheljuzhko has named the form with red belt ab. cingulata and that with
confluent spots ab. confluens. — The var. perdita Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 28) from the Southern Caucasus is added
here. - - The subsp. scowitzii Menetr. (= sogdiana Ersch .) in Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 e is from the Province of
Ferghana and the Thian-Shan. The ah. nigra Dziurz. has no red abdominal belt and has very small spots with
little white edging, further ab. alba Dziurz. and ab. confluens Dziurz., both mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 443 are placed
here. In ab. rubescens Bgff. (= confluens Shelf, trans.) the red spots of forewings are quite suffused and have
suppressed the white borders, which are presumably more easily influenced, almost completely so that there
are scarcely any traces of same visible. — Transcaspian sccwitzii and specimens from the Alai region often
show a tendency to form a traverse band on the hindwings. The black margin bulging almost in the middle of
the lower hindwing margin in a wide streak up to the costa, dividing thereby the hindwing into two halves :
ab. ornata Bgff. — Here we place var. separata Stgr. from the southern Fergana (Namangan, Osh) (Vol. 2,
p. 28, plate 7 e) a uniform race of good size, brilliant colours, with reduced spots. A division of spots 3 and 4

does not occur in all specimens. — The var. altissima Bgff. (2 i) from the Trans-Alai Mountains (Ak-Bassegha)

above 2000 m has considerably narrower wings and strongly reduced spots on forewings. The body hairs are
longer than in all other races and the red abdominal belt is almost extinct in most $<$. The red collar of the $$
consists of black intermixed with a few red hairs.

Z. erschoffi Stgr. in Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 f, illustrations 3 and 4 (= olivieri var. Ersch.) is considered a

species, as also is

Z. truchmena Eversm. (Vol. 2, p. 28) (2 i) from the southern Steppes of Kirgisen (Samarkand) whence
the specimens illustrated originate. — Of these Burgeff has separated as var. earbuncula a dusky race with
very reduced spots from the Syr-Darja region, Baigacum, in July, which is shown by the specimen illustrated
in Vol. 2, plate 7 g. Spots 4 and 3 are mostly separate, small and roundish, more or less with reddish centres.
Scaling, especially of hindwings heavier, areas without scales therefore contrasting more strongly, veins with
red scales as in the type form.

Besides above we have to mention here the following species:

Z. formosa H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 i) from Pontus, Taurus and Armenia with var. malatiana
Stgr.-Rhl. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 h) from Kurdistan and subsp. rosinae Korb from Kulp (Armenia) (Vol. 2, p. 28,
plate 7 f).

Z. mangeri Bgff. (2 i) from Afghanistan, Pachmann Mountains, west of Kabul. Spots of forewings,
hindwings and abdomen, excepting a basal segment, rose-red. Borders of forewing spots pure white. All wing
areas except red and white parts a deep lustreless black. Margins of hindwings of medium depth in the $, not
bulging unusually in the middle, very narrow in the $. A double rose-red necklet is present. Legs and scapulae
are scaled with white. A specimen with 4 black and 3 red terminal segments of abdomen is called ab. laticineta
by Burgeff. The $ illustrated is the type from the collection of Bang-Haas.

Z. kavrigini Gr.-Grsh. in Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 g, (= rhodogastra Stgr.) from the eastern Bokhara, Pamir
with var. lcarategini Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 2, p. 31, plate 7 f, illustration 5) from the Karategin Mountains with less
red on abdomen and heavier borders to spots. - The var. kohistana Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 2, p. 28) from the northern
reaches of the Hissar mountains, Jagnob river, Shaksara also has reduced forewing spots. — glasunovi Gr.-Grsh.
(Vol. 2, p. 28) can be deemed a nomen nudum.

Z. rothschildi n. s;p. (2 i). From the museum at Tring I received as haematina a Zygaena B that can be
briefly described as follows: Black-greenish ground colour of forewings, scarcely glossy, red dark rose, six-

Note: mitisi Dziurz. mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 56 h is to be cancelled, as it is identical with Zutulba (Epizy-
gacna) ochroptera Feld, or myodes (Vol. 14, p. 29, plate 2 c) from South Africa.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

23

spotted with confluent spots 1 and 2, as well as the round spots 3, 4 and 5 with fairly heavy yellowish -white
surrounds, spot 6 divided as in carniolica but situate much lower than in same and almost without white border.

Hindwings with narrow black margins. Underside as above. On the sides of the pronotum a little red, traces
of a red belt on the abdomen. Clubs of antennae rounded anteriorly, legs yellowish. From the Hissar Mountains,

Ulaxs Capa in July from the collection of Grum-Grschimailo. I am naming the insect in honour of Lord
Rothschild who has graciously placed all his types at my disposal. A second identical q is in the Museum
at Tring.

Z. cocandica Ersch, (Vol. 2, p. 31, plate 7 g) (2 k). Type race: Western Alai along the river Kisil-su in cocandica.
Chan Kokan. Specimens without abdominal belt are ab. nigra Dziurz. A fresh is now illustrated. var. nigra.
minor Ersch. from Chan Kokan, near Djiptik, at end of June is in the same relationship to cocandica as iherica minor.
is to occitanica. According to the description of one single $ the wing expanse is 26 mm; collar red, scapulae
and tip of abdomen blackish-blue ( cocandica has collar, scapulae and tip of abdomen yellow) forewing spots
small, situate separately, darker red. As nothing is said in regard to the absence of the red abdominal belt, it
must be presumed that same occurs, otherwise presumably also like cocandica. — The subsp. banghaasi Bgjf. banghaasi.
(2 k) from the village of Dombrachi, in the south east of the Karategin mountains (Bokhara) has much enlarged
brilliant golden yellow forewing spots with rather paler yellow surrounds, so that the forewing is predominantly
yellow. The hindwings are more yellowish-red than in the type form. The black margin is narrower and
separated from the red wing area by a distinct yellow line. The specimens illustrated are cotypes from the
collection of Bang-Haas. Specimens of this subspecies similar to the main form are designated with ab.
pseudococandia (Ersch.) Bgfj. — subsp. pamira Sheij. (= avinoffi Hmps. and Durr.) (2 k): Forewing spots pseudo-
usually pure yellow are somewhat reduced as against cocandica, spots 1 and 2 are intersected by black veins, “ llC(
also spots 3 and 4. — Margin of hindwings somewhat wider, abdomen without red belt; general colouration
duskier. Pamir in July. The specimen illustrated is a <J-cotype from the collection of Sheljuzhko. The
subsp. cotiserta Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 2, p. 31 as ab.) from Darwas has red collar and spots instead of yellow. conserta.

Z. lydia Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 27 and p. 443, plate 7 a), cremonae Seitz mentioned here in Vol. 2 is placed with lydia.
olivieri Bsd.

Z. Olivieri Bsd. (= dsidsilia Freyer) in Vol. 2, p. 28 and p. 443, plate 7 h from Syria, Lydia, Taurus, olivieri.
Armenia with ab. laetifica H .-Schdff . (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 g) and ab. confluens Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 44.>). The confluens.
name of hebe Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 28) is withdrawn. - Here we must add as subspecies haberhaueri Led. mentioned
as a species in Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 6 i, from Hankynda (Armenia) and Bernd-Dagh (Taurus). The subsp.

libanicola Bgff. (2 k) from the eastern Lebanon, surroundings of the town of Zahle has thinly scaled and libanicola.
consequently transparent wings. Base of hindwings is scarcely scaled and hyaline. Instead of the brilliant
red of cremonae, it has delicate rose-red spots and hindwings. The specimens illustrated are cotypes. — The
subsp. cremonae Seitz (instead of Stgr.) (in Vol. 2, p. 27, plate 7 a) probably emanates from the immediate
neighbourhood of Beirout and is not from the Lebanon.

Z, ganymedes H. -Schdff. from Pontus (Vol. 2, p. 28 and p. 443, plate 7 h) is probably a genuine species, ganymedes.

— I mention as aberrations: ab. algarvensis Dziurz. and ab. confluens Dziurz., both in Vol. 2, p. 443. algarvensis.

confluens.

Z. sedi F. (Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 6 k) from Bulgaria, South Russia. Specimens with separate spots on sedi.
forewings have been denominated ab. dissoluta Bgff. The typical sedi from Sarepta have fairly thoroughly dissoluta.
confluent spots and at all events in the $ sex only traces of yellowish-white surrounds.

Z. laeta Him. (Vol. 2, p. 26/27, plate 7 a) (2 b) from lower Austria, Moravia, Hungary, the Balkans, laeta.
South Russia, Pontus. A $ from lower Austria (Marchfeld) is now illustrated. Specimens of the normal
inversely marked laeta designated ab. reversa by Burgeff, revert to the older five-spot type. Specimens of reversa.
the type form with extreme inverse marking of forewings, but with 2 to 3 black basal segments of the
abdomen are ab. pseudomannerheimi Bgff. The ab. eos Sterzl has almost completely red forewings, the black pseudo -
ground colour only appears at costa as a narrow margin, wider towards the apex. Abdomen with wide red belt.

— The subsp. orientis Bgff. (laeta Stgr., akschehirensis Reiss, mannerheimi Seitz in Vol. 2, p. 26/27 plate i a) eos

is said to cover the eastern races of laeta. These differ from the typical laeta of Austria anti Hungary abo\e all oiieniis.
by the abdomen being reddened to the base and the frequent occurrence of the extreme inverse marking.

Hindwings with traces of black margin at apex. Type race from Bogdanzi and Nicolic (on the lake of Dojran)
in Macedonia. The larvae are found on Eryngium campestre L. ; the insects rarely at rest on Scabiosa, Centum ea
and Cirsium. Differing only slightly are south russian specimens from Bogdo (in the Province of Astrachan).

Near Ak-Shehir in Asia Minor a small number of laeta were caught in June 1928 at an altitude of 900 1100 m,

that correspond also with orientis.

The mannerheimi Chard does not belong to laeta, it is classified with cynarae.

24

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

X. Subgen. Argrumenia Hbn.

hi laris. Z. hilaris 0. (Vol. 2, p. 28/29 and p. 443) from Portugal, Spain, S. France, the Riviera eastwards to

Savona. Type race from Portugal. According to the original description of Ochseniieimer it is very clear that
the Portuguese form hilaris is an inversely marked form, that is more densely scaled than escorialensis (which
is also inversely marked and that is rose- red instead of vermilion-red which is the colouration of hilaris).
galliac. — The subsp. galliae Oberth. (2 1) distributed over South France (as type race) the Pyrenees and Maritime Alps
is especially variable in South France, and is fairly large and robust. The red spots of forewings vary very
much in size, they are more or less carmine or vermilion red, the border of spots is narrow or wide, straw yellow,
orange yellow or even red, so that in the latter case it mingles with the spots. Although scarcely one specimen
is the same as another, the general appearance of the southern french race is homogeneous. Collar, scapulae
and hairs of thorax are more or less yellowish white. Abdomen always without a belt. The illustration in Vol. 2,
plate 7 i denominated hilaris belongs here. Still to be mentioned are ab. confluens Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 i)
( = conjuncta Spul., erubescens Sag.)-, ab. bicolor Oberth. and ab. unicolor Oberth. (also Vol. 2, plate 7 k). The
foulquieri. yellow form is ab. foulquieri Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 443); the name pallida Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 443) is withdrawn.

tricolor. Further ab. tricolor Oberth. when the yellow does not entirely suppress the black ground colour as in bicolor,
ononidis. as black spots or streaks are left between the red spots, notably between spots 2 and 4. - The var. ononidis

Mill. (Vol. 2, p. 28) (2 1) of galliae is found on the coast around Cannes, in the Esterel and the Maritime Alps.
It has small spots, almost always separate from one another and faintly bordered with white-yellow, the red is
exarcuata. dark carmine. The ab. exarcuata Bgff. occurs frequently. — From the heights around Barcelona and the
catalonica. southern slopes of the Montseny (Catalonia) Sagarra names the var. cataionica (= cataloniana Bgff.). This
is smaller than the other races, the yellow borders of the medium large, scarcely confluent spots are very
narrow. It differs from ononidis Mill, by its smaller size and wider spots. The red colour is less pronouncedly
vermilion. At Ribas in the Pyrenees of Catalonia it occurs according to Bitrgeff in more brilliantly vermilion
red specimens, not differring otherwise. — New denominations of subsp. escorialensis Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 28,
fallen, plate 7 k) are: ab. fallen Reiss without a trace of yellow borders to red spots of forewing. Ground colour pure
rose, every trace of yellow admixture has disappeared entirely from red of fore and hindwings, from Castile.
aphrodisia. _ In Andalusia we have var. aphrodisia Bgff. ( = hilaris Rmb.) (2 1) which is a little smaller than escorialensis,
but not inversely marked as same, nevertheless however with the same delicate rose reflected through. The
spots of fore wings are medium large, the edges of which are partly immediately and partly not quite adjacent
through the delicate creamy yellow borders. The specimens illustrated are from Sierra Nevada (Andalusia)
inversa. 1200 m, caught by Querci; the $ is a transition to inversa. Of this race Bitrgeff names ab. inversa (= hilaris
exarcuata. var. Rmb.) with inverse spots and ab. exarcuata in which the upper arcuate part of spot 6 is absent from
forewing, so that the lower wider remaining part appears like an isolated triangular spot.

fausta.

brunnea.

suevica.

pygmac-
oides.
inversa .

cingulata.

genevensis.

pygmae-

oides.

lacrymans.

forlunata.

tricolor.

lugdunensis

melusina.

dupuyi.

L. fausta L. (Vol. 2, p. 29 and p. 444, plate 8 c) : The ab. brunnea Oberth. has red-brown spots on forewing
and brown hindwings; ab. lugdunensis Mill. (Vol. 2, p. 29) (= flava Reiss) (2 1) is the yellow form. — At the
northern edge of the Swabian Alb (Hohenneuffen, Wielandsteine etc.) a special race occurs: var. suevica Reiss
(2 m) which is larger than typical fausta (for instance from Thuringia). The yellow border of forewing spots is
fainter, especially in rfrf, dusky and darker, it does not stand out clearly as in typical fausta. The yellow of
streaks on thorax is reduced, often the streaks appear to be coloured red halfway to the heavy red collar. The $
type is illustrated. Small specimens of this race are ab. pygmaeoides ( Black .) Bgff. (see below). The ab.
inversa Reiss is a fausta with inverse markings in which the red of forewings has become so predominant
that only 4 roundish black spots with yellow borders are left. - Specimens of var. jucunda Meissner (Vol. 2,
p. 29), usually without abdominal belt, having a red belt are denominated ab. cingulata Reiss, jucunda is
limited to the alpine region of West Switzerland, whilst var. genevensis Mill. (Vol. 2, plate 8 c, jucunda)
originates from Mount Saleve near Geneva and scarcely differs from jucunda excepting the paler yellow borders
to spots of forewings and a slightly smaller size. Of genevensis-. ab. segregata Black. (Vol. 2, p. 29) and ab.
pygmaeoides Black, representing very small specimens. - The race from the Grisons Alps (Filisur): var.
lacrymans Bgff. (= fausta Zeller) (2 1) is scarcely smaller than typical fausta but it has relatively longer and
narrower wings. The general impression is a much more dusky one. The spots of forewings are reduced in size,
their yellow borders are only faintly developed. The red abdominal segments are more or less covered by
interspersed black scales. Hairs and fringes of wings long. - The subsp. fortunata Rmb. (2 m) from the Charente,
mid-France, is generally larger and with wider wings than the type race. The forewing spots are slightly larger,
spots 3 and 4 are generally confluent and sometimes narrowly bordered with yellowish-white. The specimens
illustrated are from Dompierre sur mer. In ab. tricolor Oberth. the yellow of the borders of red spots on forewings
has suppressed the black in the area of spots, so that there is only a round black spot left between red
spots 5 and 6; ab. lugdunensis (Mill.) Oberth. is the yellow form. To this main race belong also ab. melusina
Oberth. and ab. dupuyi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 444). In the former the black of the spot area is suppressed and
replaced by yellow and the red spots are widely confluent together, so that an inverse form is created with

Publ. 8. V. 1930.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

25

yellow spots or with black spots with yellow borders. The autumn form of fortunate,- f. autumnalis Bgff. (S») autumnal;,
that flies in September and October only differs from the summer form by its much smaller me. A cotype
from the collection of Boegeff is illustrated. - The Tar. alpiummrcans Vrty. from the Cottrc Alps, OuK, Val
Susa in August is more similar to nicam, the enlarged spots of the forewings are sometimes widely con-
fluent — In the Litoral of the Maritime Alps and the estuary of the Rhone the more brightly vermnion
red subsp. nicaea Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 29, plate 8 d and 8 c) ( faustina ) is found. - The var junceae Oberth. i \ ol .
p 29) from the Pyrenees (Vernet les Bains) is brightly vermilion red mixed with carmine and smaller
than the former. — We find var. oranoides (Bgff. i. 1.) Sag. ( = oranoides Bgff.) (2 m) m Catalonia (Manso o,<

Vincens, Villa Major). The forewing spots in this race are more isolated, the bow-shaped spot b is larely

conjoined on top and below with No. 5, mostly free on the upperside and quite separate in a number of specimens,

so that the spots are situate as in orana. The colour is carmine-rose (not vermilion). The insects described were

caught in September. The $ illustrated is from Llinas (September). From Limas (Catalonia) I received from

Qiterci specimens of this fausta race taken from 3rd June to 19th July and then again in September. According

to the particulars supplied by Querci fausta occurred in the cataloman plains thrice in the yeai

(May/June, mid July and September) whilst in all other localities it only occurred m Aug./Sept. bASA...

denominates the May/June form with forma macraria, the smaller July form with forma microsaria, both

these forms scarcely differ one from another with the exception of minute differences m size. Dwarf specimens

are called ab. lilliputana Sag. Further we have: ab. fractimacula Sag. m which the upper paid of spot of dvpua^ >■ ■

forewings is absent and ab. sagarrai n. nov. ( = disjuncta Sag., praeocc.) with completely separate spots.l and . cu?«.

of fore wings.

The subsp. preciosa Reiss. (2 m) from the Sierras around Albarracin (as type race) have more acute
forewings. The red is brilliant. The enlarged and generally strongly confluent forewing spots are generally
faintly surrounded as a whole with pale yellow. Sometimes this border is partly or entirely absent. Spots • >
and 4 are always confluent along their whole width. The red abdominal tip is clearly present m the <J. I have
similar although slightly varying specimens from Villacabras and Cuenca which I do not consider it necessary
to name The type is illustrated. — faustina 0. from Portugal and Andalusia (Vol. 2, p. 29) is also considered
a subspecies. I do not know the insect but according to the description it has nothing to do with preciosa.

The cocoons of fausta are affixed on the food plant (Coronilla minima Jacq. and montana Scop.) just
over the ground so that they are rather difficult to find.

Z. baetica Rmb. (= faustina Dup.) (Vol. 2, p. 29, plate 8 b) from southern and western Andalusia, baetica.
Grenada. It has a simple abdominal belt, a red collar is indicated. Ram bur captured it in April and again m
September. — The subsp. murciensis Reiss (2 m, n), the type race from Totana and Sierra Espunna (Murcia) murciensis <
differs from baetica by its slightly less brilliant yellow-red, the pronounced red collar, the very wide red abdonnna
belt and indicated yellow streaks on the thorax, as well as the partial occurrence of a red tip to the
abdomen in the The hind wings besides are more narrowly margined with black. The illlustrated specimens

are the types.

Z. algira Dup. (= algira H.-Schdff.) in Vol. 2, p. 29, plate 8 a. Contrary to the opinion of Oberthur. algira.
who rejects algira Dup. because Duponciiel’s illustration does not correspond with lus description, I should
like to subscribe to Lord Rothschild’s opinion and retain algira Dup.] bachaga Oberih. is considered as
synonymous. — We have var. exigua Seitz. (Vol. 2, p. 29, plate 8 a) from the lower reaches of the Auies
Mountains. Z. algira occurs on the coast in February and March and then again m June m a considerably
smaller form. It is improbable however that this summer form represents a 2nd generation, m appearance it
corresponds with exigua Seitz from the Atlas, which also flies in June.

The larvae feed on Coronilla juncea L. and minima Jacq. The usual black dorsal spots are considerably
increased so that they cover the whole back in a regular black pattern. The lateral stripes over the stigmata
consist of a row of separate black markings. Above them the rosy-red ground colour forms longitudinal
stripes, the upper part of which is intersected on each segment by the vertical sulphur-yellow spots. The belly
is blackish; the hairs are short and fine. The caterpillar therefore is plainly provided with “poison” colouration.

It rests openly on the food plant in the sun. The cocoons are longish barrel-shaped, white porcelain colour and
glassy and resemble exactly those of Z. fausta. Contrary however to fausta the pupation occm s fairly high up
on the twigs of the food plant.

Z. marcouna Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 29, plate 8 b) from Algeria (Marcouna, Constantine, Laghouat) is a very marcouna.
rare insect. They are more thinly scaled than shown in the illustration, more rose coloured and partially have
a border of white spots.

Z. excelsa Rothscli. (2 n) from West Algeria (Djebel-Mekter near Ain-Sefra, 1600—1900 m) is larger excelsa,
than marcouna , with wider wings and more densely scaled with brilliant red; on the underside the spots, aic

Supplementary Volume 2

26

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

somewhat confluent in the spot area; in May. The illustrated specimens are from the localities named and are
alluaudi. in the Museum at Tring. — subsp. alluaudi Oberth. (2 n) from Morocco (near Bou-Angher in the middle Atlas
at an altitude of 2000 m early June). The ground colour of the wings and the whole body are deep black. The
red is a very lively vermilion. The forewing spots, which are red and often confluent, have no border at all.
The black margin of the hindwings is wider than in algira, it is separated in the middle into 2 parts by a black
cone-shaped mark that arises from the middle of the outer margin and penetrates towards the middle of the
wing. The fringes are brown or black. The specimens illustrated are from Aghbalu Larbi in the middle Atlas
2100 m and are in the Museum at Tring.

felix. Z. felix Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 k) is a genuine species. It occurs with and without a red abdominal

belt. Classified here are ab. faustula Stgr., Vol. 2, p. 28 (= faustina Allard) with heavy white surrounds to the
forewing spots and f. mauretanica Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 8 a). Algeria, Tunis, Morocco. — Burgeff describes
andalusiae. from Andalusia the var. andalusiae (= felix Spul.) without a trace of an abdominal belt and with fairly large
forewing spots with narrow white surrounds. It differs from the african felix by the larger reniform spot and the
wider and more rounded wings.

quercina. The subsp. quercina Bgff. (2 n) is very close to being what one would designate a subspecies, one might

even be justified in classifying it as a separate species. It occurs at Tajura near Sidi Mesri in Tripoli. The insects
remind one strongly of carniolica and they are smaller than felix. The apices of the wings are more rounded and
the antennae considerably heavier. The red instead of being vermilion rose, as in felix , is almost carmine. The
spots of the forewings have wide white borders, spots 1 and 2 are partly separated by the white border. Hind-
wings with black margin of the usual width, but in the middle of the hindwing margin a cone-shaped mark
arises that penetrates towards the middle of the wing. Specimens in which this cone-shaped mark is prolonged
omata. with a sharp point to the median nervure of the wing are named by Burgeff ab. ornata. Abdomen black,
cingulata. sometimes with faint red belt; ab. cingulata Bgff. The underside of forewings is deep bluish black, spots red.

From another locality near Sidi Mesri quercina occur in a larger, bolder form with enlarged spots on forewings,
silvestri. this increase in size being at the expense of the white borders: var. silvestri Romei (2 o). Specimens with
confluens. confluent spots of the forewings are ab. confluens Reiss. The specimens illustrated of quercina and silvestri are
original captures by Querci and are now my collection.

Z. felix is found in June for instance in the immediate surroundings of Batna on hilly country at about
1000 m above sea level. In the great heat of the middle of the day the insect rests. It is found resting on
Asperula hirsuta Desf. and various grasses. The eggs are deposited on the leaves of the food plant Astragalus
nummularioides Desf. in regular order and single layers. The larva is sea-green, almost exactly the same colour
as the food plant and the only markings are 2 rows of black dots on the back. The white hairs are short and
fine. The sea-green cocoon is almost always found on the food plant or in its immediate neighbourhood. It is
shortly boat-shaped, smoothly glossy with scarcely indicated longitudinal ridges on the back. The shell of the
pupa is dark brown at the thorax, rarely pale brown, in the abdomen it is transparent. Burgeff also found the
larvae in the south-east of Batna and at Lambessa at 1200 1400 m above sea level on Hedysarum Perraude-

rianum Cos. The cocoon was never found on the food plant but always hidden elsewhere close by. It is of the
same form but instead of being sea-green it is brilliant golden-yellow.

orana. Z. orana Dup. (Vol. 2, p. 30 and p. 444, plate 8 h) is also a genuine species. Algeria (Oran), Tunis and

limitans. Morocco. The var. limilans Rothsch. (2 o) from the tunisian-algerian coast from Tunis to Philippe ville, in May,
is small, without abdominal belt, very dark ground colour, forewings shorter and rounder. Type from Bone.
A A is illustrated from the Museum at Tring. Of this race which occurs for instance at Tunis in March and April,
aidumnalis. parallel generations fly in July and October which Burgeff has named forma autumnalis. The insects are rather
more boldly margined with yellow than limitans. - Here is classified the var. sardoa Mab. (Vol. 2, p. 30) (2 o)
occurring in Sardinia. The specimens illustrated are from the collection of Burgeff. Of these have been named :
pulchra. ab. pulchra Krausse (= suffusa Trti .), in which the blue-black ground colour is partly suppressed by the suffused
cingulata. yellowish surrounds of the spots; ab. cingulata Trti. with a narrow red abdominal belt and ab. colligata Trti.
< nil iga la. confiuent spots (1 -3 and 2 — 4).

lahayei. In Geryville (southern Algeria) and Djelfa subsp. lahayei Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 444) (2 o) is found, in which

the spots of the fore wings are more boldly surrounded by white than in orana from Oran. Illustration according
powelli. to Oberthur. In ab. powelli Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 444) the black ground colour of the forewings suppresses the
contristans. white around the spots. — In subsp. contristans Oberth. (3 a), illustration according to Oberthur, from Zehroun
"Marocain” the red is an impure rose. A very fine white border, which is often scarcely perceptible, surrounds
rothschil- the spots of forewings. Larvae on Erophaca baetica according to Oberthur. The var. rothschildiana nom.
(liana. nov media Rothsch., praeocc) from the lake of Sidi-Ali (middle Atlas), 2250 m, has more glossy colours than
contristans and the size is about the same as limitans.

altar di. Z. allardi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 i) from the Province of Constantine in Algeria with ab. barbara

H .-Schdff. (Vol. 2, plate 8 i) follows here. It occurs chiefly from the middle of June onwards, for instance in the
mountains around Batna at 1000—1300 m above sea level. The name minor Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 i)
{minima) is withdrawn.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

27

The larva of allardi is blue-green and is found in quantities on the food plant Hedysarum pallidum Desf.

Its markings are limited to 2 dorsal rows of black spots. The hairs are white. The cocoon is boat-shaped, pale
yellow and faintly glossy, 11 13 mm long and is found hidden near the food plant. On its back there are

slightly buckled longitudinal ridges and it reminds one, apart from the size and colour, of the cocoon of trans-
aluina The insect is very swift on the wing and shy and it rests by preference on the food plant. It feeds
by choice besides on the flowers of the food plant, on the flowers of Onobrychis alba Desf., which is often quite
covered by the insects. The eggs are placed on the leaves of the food plant in single layers.

Z. maroccana Rothsch. (2 o) from Mogador in Morocco is described from a $ specimen from the collection maroceana
of the firm Dr. Staudinger & Bang-Haas. The type illustrated is from the Museum at Tring. It differs from
orana by its size and the vertical position of spot 6 on the forewings. Spots 3, 4 and 5 have distinct white
borders, spot 6 without white border. Apex of hindwings rounded. Underside as upperside only paler, head and

body completely black.

Z. youngi Rothsch. (3 a), a S was caught above Azrou (in the middle Atlas) at 1800 m altitude m June, youngi.

It has a faint bluish gloss on the forewings and brilliant red. Spot 2 is enlarged, 3, 4 and 5 almost equally
large, roundish and faintly surrounded with yellow- white like spot No. 2. Spots 3, 4 and 5 are situate so close
together that their light borders touch. Spot No. 6 is more vertical than in orana, and is narrow without pale
surround and relatively widely separated from spot 5. On the underside the spots of forewing are often
confluent. Antennae with club shape, rounded at tip. Head and body deep black and fairly thickly haired.

Outer side of legs black-brown. We illustrate the type from the Museum at Tring.

Z. harterti Rothsch. (3 a) from Azrou in the middle Atlas, at 1300 m altitude, end of May, beginning of harterti.
June. The marking of spots is approximately the same as of maroccana, but smaller and coloured a dark lose.

Spots 2, 3, 4 and 5 with narrow white borders, 6 is inclined to be absent in the <J. Hindwings more pointed.

Underside as upperside only paler. Antennae with heavy clubs. Head and body black and hairy. Side of
legs outwardly pale brown. ' Illustration according to the types at the Museum at Tring; in this insect perhaps
we have a subspecies of maroccana.

Z. carniolica Scop. ( = scopolii Rocci ) (Vol. 2, p. 29 and p. 444). The question of dividing up the camiolica.
carniolica races has been stimulated by a number of critical treatises. Two large race complexes, a western
and an eastern are easily separable from one another. The chief differences lie m the colouration and marking
of the insects; carniolica with dark carmine, onobrychis with a more brilliant red going over into vermilion are
the typical representatives, to which we will revert later on.

I European race complex, the races of which are m a i n 1 y witho u t
red belt, only subsp. diniensis (to which we will refer again later on) forms an exception : The type race of
carniolica Scop, from Carinthia, Carniola and Slavonia is large, with bright colours, without red abdominal
belt and with no very wide yellowish- white borders to the medium large spots of forewings and with the black
marginal border of hindwings slightly bulging in the middle. It shows little inclination to aberrations. We have :
ab pseudoberolinensis Bgff. without yellow- white borders to the spots of forewings; ab. dupuyi (Oberth.) Bgff.
(see later on) - ab cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgff. with red abdominal belt and ab. confluens (Dziurz.) Bgff. — Burgeff
separates as a special race the large istrian coastal race from Trieste: var. histria, which inclines to have spot 0
of forewings reduced in size, then further ab. octonotata (Trti.) Bgff. (see later on). — Further divisions are var.
gottschee'ina Bgff. with intensive yellow borders, from the neighbourhood of Gottschee m Carniola and var.
herzegowinea Bgff. with vermilion rather than red spots of increased size on foiewings. Fiequently theie is a
red abdominal belt or indications of same; from the Vuciabara near Gacko m Herzegowma. — The subsp.
hedysari Him. (Yol. 2, p. 30, plate 8e)(= carniolica Oberth.) is limited to the southern alps of Piedmont to the
South Tyrol. Spot 6 of forewings is rudimentary and the bulge in the margin of hindwings is rather wider.
The ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgff. is not rare in the $; ab. pseudoberolinensis Bgff. is rare and ab. apennina (Trti.)
Bgff. (= quinquemaculata Vorbr., pseudoapennina Rocci) is very rare and ab. octonotata (Trti.) Bgff. — In the
mountain race that is connected here var. rhaeticola Bgff. from Filisur in the Grisons (1000 m) has no superficial
gloss and all spots are reduced. The white borders to the spots of forewings are narrow, but of uniform width.
The var. mendolensis Dann. from the heights of Mendel with similar racial characteristics is classified heie.
It has a strong inclination to a reduction of spot 6 on forewings and generally the white borders of the spots are

wide. _ Subsp. valesiae Bgff. (= carniolica Oberth.) is somewhat smaller than hedysari with brilliant red inclined

to yellowish and with widely bordered large forewing spots, of which the middle ones are mostly united by their
borders and often confluent with shining green-blue ground colour. From the Alps at Valais, the Swiss Jura,
type race from Martigny-Ville (Valais). Amongst these we find rarely ab. pseudoberolinensis Bgff .; ab. laticincta
Bgff. with wider white borders to the spots of forewings, so that they coalesce without however producing a
diffusion of the white scales as in ab. amoena (Stgr.) Bgff., which also occurs. Then we have ab. confluens

pseudobero¬
linensis.
dupuyi.
cingulata.
confluens.
histria .
octonotata.
gottschee'ina.
herzego¬
winea.

cingulata.

pseudobero¬

linensis.

apennina.

octonotata.

rhaeticola.

mendolen¬

sis.

valesiae.

pseudobero¬

linensis.

laticincta.

amoena.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

weileri.

securigera.

diniensis.

hedysaroi-

des.

bicolor.

melusina.

dupuyi.

dinioides.

albarracina.

•modesta.

pseudobero-
linensis.
meteor a.

vellayi.

confluens.

flaveola.

paradoxa.

diluviicola.

duponti.

cingulata.

berolinensis.

pseudo-

modesta-

cingulata.

pseudo-

carniolica.

verrina.

leonhardi.

incerla.

dealbaia.
bohatschi.
tali cl avia.

camda.

apennina.

roccii.

28

(. Dziurz .) Bgff. : “Vorbrodt has given a most detailed definition and innumerable name diagnoses to the various
possibilities of confluence of spots in carniolica. These go into such detail that we have grouped together all
the confluent forms (including boliatschi Wgn., Vol. 2, p. 30) under ab. confluens Further we have here ab.
weileri ( Stgr .) Vorbr. (= jurassica Black., Vol. 2, p. 30) and ab. securigera Bgff., in which spot No. 5 of forewings
coalesces with spot No. 6 as in achilleae.

The subsp. diniensis H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 e) from the Basses Alpes, Maritime Alps is a very
curious race. Together with yellow borders of the spots of fore wings we generally have a red belt which in the
B sometimes extends over 4 segments and in the $ sometimes over 3 segments of the abdomen and reminds
one strongly of occitanica Vill. One cannot reject the possibility that diniensis has adopted the characteristics
of occitanica. Aberrations occurring here: ab. hedysaroides Trti. without red abdominal belt; ab. bicolor Oberth.
(Digne) without yellow borders to the spots; ab. melusina Oberth. (Digne) which is inversely marked like fausta
ab. melusina and ab. dupuyi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 444) only with white instead of red collar. — Belonging hereto var.
dinioides Bgff. from the Maritime Alps (St. Martin-' Vesubie, Guillaumes in the upper Valley of the Var) is
somewhat larger than diniensis, the wings are narrower at the apex with smaller narrower spots bordered with
yellowish white. The red abdominal belt does not occur so often. This race graduates over to hedysari in Piedmont.

Without any known connection with the mid european races we have subsp. albarracina Stgr. (Vol. 2,
p. 30) (3 a) from South-West Aragon and Grenada with pale red spots on forewings with delicate white borders,
which had best be placed here. The abdomen shows traces of a red belt. It is not impossible that this is a
relic from the tertiary period and possibly a genuine species. The $ illustrated was caught in Grenada, middle
of June.

From the mid Rhine Valley as a type race Burgeff describes subsp. modesta (= onobrychis Borkh.,
carniolica Berge-Rbl.. media Reiss) that also occurs in the Swabian Alb, Franconian Jura, Lower Franconia,
Upper Palatinate, Hanover, Thuringia and Saxony. The spots of forewings have very narrow white borders.
The red abdominal ring is absent in the majority of specimens of the mid german races. Forms that occur are
ab. pseudoberolmensis Bgff. (see above); ab. cingulata Dziurz.-, ab. amoena Stgr. (= philamoena Reiss, trans.);
ab. meteora Reiss like the former, but at the same time with spots 1 and 2 confluent, suffusing posteriorly
and conjoined with spots 3, 5 and 6 by a red streak along the costa, spots 2 and 4 faintly conjoined; in ab.
vellayi Aigner the forewings are covered only by an admixture of white and red scales; then ab. confluens
(Dziurz.) Bgff.\ ab. weileri Stgr. and ab. flaveola (E.sp.) Bgff. The ab. paradoxa Bgff. has only the 1st, the
reniform mark and a trace of the 2nd on the forewings. Burgeff separates from modesta the var. diluviicola
(— media Reiss) from Kaiserstuhl which is larger than medesta, about the size of hedysari, but with thinner
scaling and generally green or bronze coloured gloss and paler red with inclination to yellow admixture. The
white borders to the spots are bolder than in modesta. — The var. duponti Rocci (= minor Rocci, carniolica
Oberth.) from Normandy, North and West France is of medium size with paler red bordering on rosy-red, with
very large spots on fore wings which are always narrowly bordered with yellowish. Especially spot 6 is very
large, hindwings narrowly margined with black, abdomen rarely with red belt: ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Rocci.

The main race of North Germany is assembled under subsp. berolinensis Stgr. (3 a). The type race
occurs around Berlin. It is fairly large, rarely with white borders to the spots of forewings, without abdominal
belt. The name berolinensis can only refer to the north german carniolica. The specimen illustrated is from
Rudersdorf near Berlin. The following varieties are named: ab. pseudomodesta Bgff. with white borders to the
spots of forewings; ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgff.; ab. pseudocarniolica Bgff. with white borders to the spots
of forewing and abdominal belt. — A race from Eberswalde with considerably increased forewing spots 3, 4
and 5 and often with spots 3 and 4 confluent is named by Burgeff var. verrina. - The subsp. leonhardi Reiss
(— berolinensis Car.) (3 a) connects with modesta and berolinensis. From Transylvania, type race from Kron¬
stadt. It generally has no white borders to the forewing spots, only rarely traces of same are shown. Forewing
spot 6 is reduced to small red traces around the black veins. It has a strong green metallic gloss on the forewings,
the white collar is almost absent. Traces of red belt generally perceptible on abdomen. The specimen illustrated
is the E type.

In the ligurian and tuscan Apennines, Mount di Mainarde, we find subsp. incerta Rocci (3 b) (= carniolica
Querci) in July as a mountain race, which according to Rocci occurs in gradations to the races of the plains
at the sea-board. It is six-spotted, spot 6 rarely reduced, spots with uniform yellowish white borders, hindwings
with fairly wide margin; general impression somewhat dusky and only slightly variable. The following aber¬
rations occur: ab. dealbata Rocci, six-spotted without white borders to forewing spots; ab. bohatschi Rocci :
spots 3 and 4 confluent; ab. laticla via (Bgff.) Rocci (see below); ab. canuta Rocci : thorax and scapulae liberally
haired with white and scaled and ab. apennina Trti. (= wiskotti Calb., pseudoapennina Rocci) without spot G
on forewings. The illustrated specimens of incerta are from the heights around Florence (from the collection
of Verity).

The subsp. roccii Vrty. (= apennina Seitz in Vol. 2, p. 30, intermedia Trti.) (3 b) from the sea-board
of the ligurian Apennines (for instance near Genoa) is a main race of extraordinarily great variability. The
main characteristics are the very heavy scaling and occasionally the considerable superficial gloss on the blak

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

29

parts of the wings the considerable increase in the black pigments being at the expense of the red, which is
evidenced in a proportion of specimens (abt. 2/3rds of the and l/3rd of the $$) by the absence of spot 6
of forewings. The following aberrations are named: ab. dichroma ( Hirschke ) Rocci; ab. [pseudojberolinensis dicfc/omo.
Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 g) (= berolinoides Trti.; dealbata Rocci), ab. pseudocatniolica Rocci ( — - p.^tudo rolinensis.
hedysari Bgff.) with bold spot 6 of forewings and with white border; ab. dupuyi (Oberth.) Bgff. (3 b) ; ab. nigrocincta pseudo-
Rocci (= nigrosupposita Bgff., genovensis Reiss ) (3 b), 5- or 6-spotted with black borders to forewing spots;
ab. bohafschi Rocci (see above); ab. nigricans Bgff. (= parvipuncta Rocci trans.) with considerably reduced n{(p0C{ncta.
or blackened forewing spots, 5- or 6-spotted with or without white circumscriptions; ab. depauperata Trti. bohatschi.
(= paupera Bgff., deleta Rocci) (3 c) without spot 4 on forewings, besides which also spot 3 and 5 can be
missing; ab. stoechadoides Trti. (= nigrescens Rocci, ornata Bgff.) with small spots and black traverse band on perata.

hindwings; ab. octonotata Trti. (= prolifera Bgff., octornata Reiss), spot 4 of forewings intersected by the ^echar^
vein, so that a figure of “8” is created. The ab. laticlavia Bgff. with black margin of hindwings double as wide octonotata"'
as usual, ab. cuprea Trti. with coppery shining ground colour; ab. cingulata Dziurz. ( = cingulata Bgff.) and ab. laticlavia.
canuta Rocci (see above) also must be mentioned. The specimens illustrated of roccii, dupuyi, nigrocincta, c^^fata
depauperata are all from Genoa. - S he var. florentina Vrty. (3 c) from I uscany (Pian di Mugnone), thi canuta.
Campagna (Aurunci, Mountains Mount Petrella) is a dainty race, close to roccii with less considerable reduction florentina.
of spot&6 of forewings. A from Verity’s collection is illustrated. Here ab. apetmina (Trti.) Vrty. occurs. — apenmna.
var. 13 vomica Bgff. from the sea-board at Leghorn is larger than roccii with slight inclination to reduction in hvornim.
spot 6, small spots but regular white borders. The ab. apennina {Trti.) Bgff. and ab. pseudoberolinensis
(Seitz) Bgff. (see above) are rare and also ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgff. _ linensis.

From Mounts Sirente and Velino Burgeff describes subsp. dulcis that occurs there and which is larger cingulata.
on an average than incerta with brighter red and large forewing spots that are narrowly surrounded with
white in the A and very widely in the $. There is a great inclination towards the form ab. amoena (Stgr.) Bgff. uinoemt.

(= suffusa Trti. trans.) and also ab. confluens (Dziurz.) Bgff. occurs. The var. amanda Reiss (3 c) joins up
in easy transitions as a high alpine race from the alpine zone of the Abruzzi Mountains (Gran-Sasso, Majella).

It is very small with forewing spots less pronouncedly surrounded by white, with less brilliant colour reminding
one of the mid-European races. The S illustrated is the type. - In Calabria (Reggio) we find the var. calabria calabria.
Trti. (3 c) which, together with livornica, is the largest of all carniolica races . It has unusually wide wings of
shining deep black colour with narrower but very regular white surrounds to spots of forewings and fairly
narrow black margins to hindwings. The reniform spot (6) is present and more or less circumscribed with white.

The S illustrated is from Burgeff’s collection. Here occur ab. intermedia Trti. : spot 6 absent except for a intermedia.
narrow white streak; ab. octonotata Trti. (see above) and ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Trti. - The var. siciliana Reiss octonotata.
(= sicilica Ragusa ) (3 c) from Sicily (Type race from Taormina) has brighter red, the ground colour of forewings ®

is shining steel blue, spots of forewings are only faintly, almost rudimentarily, surrounded by white. The specimens
illustrated are the types.

Rocci names carniolica from the southern plains of the Po (Parma, Reggio in July): subsp. padana. padana.

It has enlarged spots on forewings, which are fairly widely surrounded by yellowish, the red is of a bright,

lively scarlet red. The black margin of hindwing is narrow. Thorax with whitish hairs, abdomen more or less

with red belt. A smaller, daintier parallel generation occurring in September in Turin (Colline del Po), which

often is paler in colouration than the summer generation, is designated as forma aufumnalis Rocci. - var. autumnalis.

gradiscana Sid. from the sea-board of Gradisca at end of June has on forewings large darker red spots that gradiscana.

are irregularly surrounded with impure yellow. Thorax rarely with whitish hairs. Red abdominal belt is present

but only faintly indicated by a violet stripe. Of this race ab. rubrothoracalis Std. is described with thorax rabrothora t-

heavily dusted with red. — var. ortobrychoidea Bgff. from Zepce (Bosnia) is the transition to onobrychis ( Schiff .) onobriJciwC

Esp. (see later). This race is a brilliant vermilion red with heavy white surrounds to the spots of forewings dea.

— also in the <§. Frequently a double or treble red abdominal belt occurs.

II . European race complex, of which the races chiefly show a
heavy red abdominal belt: In lower Austria, Hungary; Type race from Vienna (Modling) we find
subsp. onobrychis (Schiff.) Esp. (= carniolica Fuessly, scopolii Rocci) (3 d) which is uncommonly variable and onobrychis.
has a heavy red belt especially in the $ sex. Particularly large fore wing spots with white or yellowish- white
surrounds. The specimens illustrated are from Modling. The following aberrations have been named : ab.
pseudoberolinensis (Stgr.) Bgff. (= vangeli Schultz Vol. 2, p. 444); ab. laticineta Bgff. (see above under valesiae) pseudo- ^
with characteristics of onobrychis ; ab. alba Dziurz. is a transition to the form that has not yet been found with iaticincia.
pure white forewing spots, the spots still have red centres. Then ab. confluens Dziurz. (= bohatschi Wgn.) ab. alba,
amoena Stgr. in Vol. 2, p. 30 (= albomarginata Spul., tricolor Oberth. in Vol. 2, p. 444, assymetrica Oberth.), confluens.
the specimen illustrated on plate 56 h is a transition to Jclapdleclci ; ab. Klapalecki Joukl. (= amoena Dziurz., klapalecki.
influens Sterzl) as amoena, but spots 1 and 2 confluent and conjoined by a narrow red streak running along
costa to spots 3 and 4 that are confluent. Spot 6 coalesces with spot 5 by an enlargement of the surrounds on
the top and bottom. The red can be even further increased. Further we have ab. vellayi Aigner (see under
modesta) ; ab. weileri (Stgr.) Dziurz. ( = ragonoti Gian, in Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 f) ; ab. melusina (Oberth.) Bgff. (see meiusina .
under diniensis) ab. totirubra Seiiz (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 f ) ; ab. dupuyi (Oberth.) Bgff. (— transiens Dziurz., dupuyi.

30

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

azona .
drastichi.

venusta.
tot a nigra.

interposita.

scopjina .
paeonia.

crymaea.

cryfhroso-
ma.
europaea .

suavis.

amabilis.

alia.

dupuyi.

pseudo-

wiedemanni

praestans.

uralia.

nuratanya.

nigratransiens Dziurz.)', ab. azona Wgn. without red abdominal belt; ab. drastichi Hirschke (Vol. 2, p.444);
ab. flaveola Esp ., Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 d (= detschi Oberth. ) ; ab. dichroma Hirschke ; ab. venusta Schultz (Vol. 2,
p. 444); ab. grossi Hirschke ; ab. totanigra n. nov. for nigra Reiss (equivocal for nigra Dziurz.) (3 d) without any
red, the entire insect black as the ground colour. The type from Dammberg is illustrated. The following
races belong to subsp. onobrychis : var. interposita Bgff ., which comes between modesta and onobrychis, from
upper Austria (Linz). Build very much more dainty than the former and especially the d'd' with smaller bodies,
expanse as in modesta differing hereby also from the considerably smaller onobrychis. Ground colour more
brilliant, superficial gloss stronger than in modesta. White borders to the spots, forewing uniformly narrow
and only a little wider in the $$, middle spots approximated and therefore confluent in almost all $$. The
black margin of hindwings wider than in modesta ; red pigment similar to that of onobrychis, more brilliant and
less pure carmine. A simple red belt, generally dusky and indistinct in about 50 per cent of the insects. -
From Central Macedonia (Uskub) and South Bulgaria (Rilo-Dagh) Burgeff describes var. scopjina, very
characteristic small insects with the spots of forewings coloured almost red-lead and with wide yellowish-
white borders. Abdomen with wide red ring of similar shade on 3 -4 segments. — The var. paeonia, Bgff. (3d)
from South Macedonia (district of the Dojran lake, Nicolic and Volovec) is equally large as onobrychis, forewing
spots with regular and partly wide white borders ; a bold red abdominal belt extending sometimes over two
or three segments is present. (The red is close to the rose shade of Asiatic races. Burgeff has found the larva
fairly rare around rivulets through chalky country on slate on Dorycnium suffruticosum, in very limited
localities. Typical specimens from the collection of Burgeff are illustrated. — var. graeca Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 30)
(= carniolica Wgn.) from Greece. — - the var. crymaea Std. from Feodosia in Crimea caught in June should be
placed here. It is described as medium large, between taurica (Vol. 2, plate 8 g) and amasina (Vol. 2, plate 8 h),
in regard to wing contour and appearance normal. Upperside of forewings glossy greenish, red paler than
onobrychis both of spots and hindwings. Spots of forewings well developed and bordered with white-yellow.
Spot 3 inclined to be reduced, 4 generally quadrangular, 6 large. The black margin of hindwings is as wide
as in taurica, crymaea differs from same by narrower wings and larger borders to spots. Abdomen almost without
gloss, short in relation to size of insect, with 3-fold pale red belt.

III. The asiatic races: Here we have first subsp. taurica Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 g) from
the Taurus with faint white borders to the brilliant vermilion red forewing spots and hindwings and an almost
entirely red abdomen; then erythrosoma Rober with completely red abdomen. — Burgeff names var. europaea
the specimens like taurica, with generally only single red abdominal belt from Therapia near Constantinople.

The subsp. suavis Bgff. (3 d) is the most widely distributed main race in Asia Minor with delicate pale
rose forewing spots, which are widely bordered with yellowish-white, and hindwings, occuring next to taurica
in Taurus (Marash and Hadjin), apparently without there being an intermixing of the 2 races. Abdominal
licit in both sexes extended over 3 segments. The illustrated is from Marash from the collection of Burgeff.

To be classified here var. amabilis Reiss (3 e) from the Wan region in Armenia. Differing from suavis from
the Taurus by the pure rosy-red colour of forewing spots and hindwings, the white borders of spots are slightly
less bold, sometimes being completely absent around spot 6. It is also somewhat smaller and dainter than
suavis. The illustrated is the type. - var. alta Reiss (3 e) from Georgia (the forest belts of the Grusien Mountains,
600 — 800 m) has a more carmine red colouration and is larger than suavis. The red abdominal belt inclines to
be absent, sometimes only traces of same are left. The specimens illustrated are the types. — ab. dupuyi ( Oberth .)
Bgff. designates specimens of var. amasina Stgr. from Pontus (Amasia) (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 h) with spot
6 of forewings without red: ab. pseudowiedemanni Bgff. refers to specimens with completely red abdomen from
Amasia. - Besides var. wiedemanni Menetr. (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 h) from Pontus, Lydia and Transcaspia.
Then follows subsp. transiens Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 30) (3 e) from Persia. The specimen illustrated is from Shaku
from the collection of Burgeff.

The subsp. praestans Oberth. (3 h) from Syria (Lebanon), type race from Akbes, is one of the finest
races of carniolica. Ground colour of forewings deep black- blue, red is carmine rose, the white borders of spots
are narrow, partly rudimentary. The white collar is absent as also is the whitish scaling on thorax and scapulae.
Abdominal belt carmine rose over 3 segments. The specimen illustrated is from Beirout (Syria) from the
collection of Burgeff.

The subsp. uralia Bgff. (= uralensis Krul., praeocc.) from the middle Urals is very close to berolinensis.
Ground colour of forewings is more greenish, spots always have very narrow yellowish borders, collar and
scapulae more whitish. Abdomen with traces of a red belt.

Further subsp. nuratanya Bgff. (3 e) from Turkestan (Jani Kurgan, 2500 m), which is somewhat smaller
than the type race of carniolica has in both sexes regular yellow surrounds to spots of forewings and the red is
a mixture of red-lead colour going over into yellowish. Abdomen with red belt over 3 segments. The specimen
illustrated is from the collection of Burgeff.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

31

Finally we have to mention: subsp. rueckbeili Shelj. (3 f) from the district of Djqrkent (mid July) with rueckbeili.
large fore wing spots, finely bordered with yellowish- white. This white borderation is generally entirely absent in
spot 5 and always in spot 6 ; spot 6 sometimes isolated but not rarely joined to spot 5 by red streaks. Red abdominal
belt more or less present, sometimes quite absent. Cotypes from the collection of Sheljuzhko are illustrated.

The food plants of carniolica are Lotus corniculatus L. and Onobrychis sativa Lmk. in Mid-Europe
and Dorycnium herbaceum Vill. in S. E. Europe.

Z. occitanica Vill. in Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8i (= phacae Hhn.) is doubtless a genuine species. It is occitanica.
distributed over South France (the type race), Pyrenee Peninsular, Italy (west of Savona). Among the typical
occitanica without belts are named as aberrations: ab. pseudoiberica Bgff. specimens similar to iberica with red pseudo-
abdominal belt. - var. disjuncta Spul. (Vol. 2, p. 30 as ab.) (3 f) with broad red abdominal belt and separate
spots on forewings is classified here from the Riviera di ponente and the I yrenees. I he illustiated is fiom

V ernet-les-Bains, caught at the beginning of August.

The subsp. iberica Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 i) from Catalonia forms several aberrations, for instance
ab. cataloniae Reiss (3 f) in which spot 6 of forewings is absent, as also is the white border of the five other cataloniae.
spots and the white collar; with and without red abdominal belt (Barcelona). The $ illustrated is a cotype.

In ab. azona Spul. (Vol. 2, p. 30) $$ specimens also occur without red belts. The ab. nigra Reiss (3 f) has black nigra.
margins of hindwings doubly as wide. Besides the margin bulges to the middle of wing and beyond, forming
a black traverse band towards which a black projection arises from the costa. The type from Barcelona is
illustrated. With ab. omata (Bgff. i. 1.) Sag. (= ornata Bgff.) specimens are denominated with a complete black omata.
traverse band on hindwings like similar aberrations of scowitzii; from Barcelona. In ab. octonotata n. ab. spot octonotata.

4 is divided in two parts forming an “8” with a white border; type from Barcelona. — var. eulalia Bgff. (3 f) eulalia.
from St. Eulalia, Province Murcia in June: the red colour is a brilliant vermilion, the red abdominal belt in $<3
and partially in $$ is darkened by interspersion of black scales. The 3 illustrated is from the collection of
Burgeff.

Staudinger’s name albicans is given to an aberration and designates the widening of the white
surrounds to spots of forewings beyond the usual width. Burgeff has therefore denominated the large and
very wide winged race from Andalusia as subsp. vandalitia (= pseudooccitanica Reiss). The margin of hindwings is vandahha.
narrow, in $$ limited to the fringes. All specimens have a complete reddish abdominal belt. The various
strains all have transition forms with normally bordered spots graduating to ab. albicans Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 30,
plate 8 k). Further aberrations have been named: ab. pseudodisjuncta Reiss; specimens of similar type to ps^°imcta
disjuncta (see above); then ab. extrema Reiss (3 f) with quite white forewings in the spot area and 5 almost extrema.
uniformly large separate red spots. At outer margin the white forewing has a regular narrow black margin
which is somewhat wider at apex. Hindwings are pale rose. The specimen illustrated is the cotype still having
a little black in the spot area. — The name miniosa Wgn. are withdrawn.

The larva feeds on Dorycnium suffruticosum Vill. and is bright green with whitish dorsal stripes,
largish yellow lateral spots and black dots. It pupates in a whitish elongated round cocoon.

Z. magiana Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 24, plate 7 b) from Samarkand and Sarafshan and var. hissariensis Gr.-Grsh. magiana.
(Vol. 2, p. 24, plate 7 b) from the Hissar mountains (Kizil Gazy) are placed here.

XI. Subgen. Thermophila Him.

Z. meliloti Esp. ( = loti Him.) in Vol. 2,-p. 25 and p. 443 (3 g) from the Pyrenees, mid and east Europe meliloti.
(excepting Holland), England, Scandinavia, Finland, Siberia and the central Asiatic Mountains. Oberthur
presumes that Esper described his meliloti from specimens caught at his residence in Erlangen. The mid-
European strains are generally very difficult to analyse; from all localities certain specimens vary in the density
of scaling and the width of margins of hindwings. Very thinly scaled strains occur in south Germany in the
Baar, the Jura, upper Bavaria, flying partly already at end of May. The newly illustrated specimens are from
the Velburg (upper Palatinate) in Bavaria. Aberrations named are: ab. sexpunctata Tuft, with 6 fore wing sexpundata
spots; ab. unimaculata Vorbr. with quite black fore wings excepting a small red basal spot; ab. confluens Tutt. unimacu-
(Vol. 2, p. 443) with confluent forewing spots; ab. pseudoconfusa Bgff. like confusa Stgr. (see later); ab. totarubra confluel^Ja
Dziurz. with quite red forewings, the black ground colour being only retained at margins; ab. pseudostentzii pseudocon-
Bgff. with red belt; ab. flava Bgff. finally ab. fimbriata Bgff. with very long fringes on fore and especially totanJ™a
on hindwings from Regensburg. — The var. ehnbergi Reuter (Vol. 2, p. 25 as ab.) occurs in Finland, Esthland pSeiui0 .
and Lapland; among it ab. confluens (Tutt.) Bgff. (see above). — In East Prussia (Osterode) we find var. stentzii

nigrina Bgff. (= nigrescens Reiss praeocc.) (3 g). It is fairly large with deep black ground colour and body,
has denser hairs on thorax and abdomen, wing contour is more elongated and pointed ; hindwings equally wide confiuens.

nigrina.

32

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

pseudo-

stentzii.

rhaetica.

funerea.

stentzii.

farriolsi.

quinque-

maculata.

silenus.

giussana.

decora .
charon ■

scabiosae-

formis.

examacula-

ta.

paupercula.

kerleri.

nigra.

biguttaia.
nig err im a .
rubefacta.

silaecola.

cingulata-

confluens.

rubricosta.

dacica.

pseudomeli-

loti.

pseudoitali-

ca.

bosniensis.

menoetius.

burgeffiana

niphona.

cilicica

with deep black margins. The $ illustrated is the type from my collection. Here again we have ab.
pseudostentzii (Bgff.) Reiss (see above). var. rhaetica Bgff. (= alpina Reiss praeocc.) from the Orisons
(Filisur) a wide winged, densely scaled race with lustreless black ground colour and dull dusky red, always
five-spotted, with wider margin to hindwings. Larva instead of being sea-green is grey-colour. A specimen with
5 sooty-red spots on forewings and hindwings coloured black-red from base to midway is named ab. funerea
by Coknelsen. — In the neighbourhood of Gorizia and Gradisca we find var. stentzii Freyer ( = cingulata
Frey) which frequently occurs with red belt. - Here we best classify var. farriolsi described by Sagarra from
Puigsacalm (Catalonia), always five-spotted, a faint bluish gloss on forewings and regularly a fairly wide
blue-black margin to hindwings.

The following aberrations have been described of subsp. teriolensis Speyer (V ol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 e)
from the south eastern valleys of the Alps (Mesocco Valley, Etsch Valley), upper and mid-Italy, almost always
six-spotted, red spots 5 and 6 often widely coalescing, margins of hindwings fairly wide: ab. quinquemaculata
Vorbr. with only 5 spots on fore wings and ab. decora Led. (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 e) (= stentzii H.-Schaff.) with
red belt. As races we name: var: silenus Bgff. small and with narrow wings and small forewing spots and very
adumbrated hindwings, differing from italica by the sparser scaling and smaller size, from Maresca and var.
giussana Std. from Mount Faito, Sorrent (Sila Giusso, 1000 m) whic haccording to the description is almost always
six-spotted and generally has a wider black margin to hindwings than teriolensis. The red-belted form: ab
decora Std. is just as frequent as the unbelted form. - - Now follows subsp. charon Hbn. (3 g) from the south
west valleys of the Alps and the Maritime Alps. Here all six forewing spots are smaller, almost always separated
from one another, the hindwings with an increase of black. The specimens illustrated are from Mount Cheiron
in July. In ab. scabiosaeformis Le Charles from Belvedere (Maritime Alps) spots 3 and 5 are confluent. The
var. italica Car. (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 d) from the sea-board of the ligurian Apennines is probably the darkest
race of meliloti. The following aberrations occur: ab. exaniaculata Rocci (= incompleta Rocci, trans.) with 6
instead of 5 spots on forewings; ab. paupercula Rocci with spot 1 of forewings missing. The ab. kerleri Reiss
(3 g) has black forewings with scarcely perceptible traces of red scales in place of spots 1, 2 and 5, the hindwings
are also quite black except for a scarcely visible little red spot in the middle of same. In ab. nigra Dziurz.
the red is extended from base in ray-like formation over the otherwise black hindwing. Further ab. biguttata
Rocci with a distinct red spot in the middle of the otherwise black hindwing; ab. nigerrima Rocci with quite
black hindwings and ab. rubefacia Rocci with narrow almost uniform black margination of hindwings. — The
subsp. sicnla Calb. (Vol. 2, p. 25) (3 h), type race from Mistretta has to be mentioned. The specimen illustrated
is from Le Madonie (Sicily) at 1700 m altitude. - var. silaecola Vrty. (3 h) (= silana Trti. praeocc.) from the
Sila (Calabria) is six- or five-spotted, generally with heavy black on hindwings and reminds one of italica. Here
we have ab. cingulata Trti. (= decora Bgff.) with red abdominal belt; ab. confluens Trti. with confluent spots
and ab. rubricosta Trti. with spot 1 projecting beyond spot 3. The specimen silaecola illustrated is from the
collection of Burgeef.

In Styria, Carniola, parts of Hungary, Transylvania and Rumania we find subsp. dacica Car. (Vol. 2,
p. 413 as ab.) with wide black margins to hindwings, which in some specimens are so wide that only the middle
patch of the hindwings retains its red. Aberrations occurring are: ab. pseudonieliloti (Car.) Bgff. similar to
meliloti ; ab. annulata Car. with red abdominal belt (Vol. 2, p. 25); ab. pseudoitalica (Car.) Bgff. similar to italica.
Then follow subsp. bosniensis Reiss (Type race from Koricna in S. IV. Bosnia) from Bosnia and Herzegowina
at an altitude of over 1000 m with somewhat wider wings and remarkably long abdomen that is rather more
heavily haired. A pronouncedly mountain race, only slightly variable and with dusky red. Red abdominal
belt not present. All insects are five-spotted with fairly heavy even black margins to hindwings. — Further
var. menoetius Bgff. from the Vuciabara near Gacko (1300 m) in Herzegowina which is described as follows:
size about as italica , but always five-spotted. Spots of forewings large, sometimes elongated, hindwings with
regular very wide black margins. Scaling is finer and hairs less coarse than in bosniensis.

The races from Asia so far known are var. dahurica B.sd. (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 d), only from S. E.
Siberia; var. mongolica Stgr. and Rbl, (Vol. 2, p. 25) from Mongolia and subsp. confusa Stgr. (A ol. 2, p. 25,
plate 6 d) from Ala-Tau. In completion I should mention the larger, more brightly coloured and widely red
belted race from Kuldjar, N. E. Persia, specimens of which are both in Burgeff’s as well as in my collection
■ and which I name burgeffiana n. siibsp. (3 h).

Food plants of meliloti larvae in mid-Europe are Onobrychis sativa Link, Vicia tenuifolia Roth, and
Lotus corniculatus L.

Z. niphona Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 e) (= christo phi Stgr.) from the Amur territory and Japan is
classified here.

Z. cilicica Bgff. (3 h) (= ledereri Stgr., praeocc., laphira H.-Schaff., laphria H.-Schaff.) from Pontus,
Taurus and Syria. The specimen illustrated was kindly sent to me by Burgeff. The short truncate antennae
are characteristic, as well as the relatively long and stout body and the heavy margins to hindwings

Publ. 3. VII. 1930.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

33

with fairly long dar Infringes. Spot 6 is always widely attached to spot 5. Red a dark carmine-rose. Abdomen
fairly heavily haired. The name confluens Dziurz. is withdrawn as a confluence of pairs of spots is typical
of the species, cilicica is often mistaken for filipendulae races which occur in the same localities. The description
of ledereri Stgr. in Vol. 2, p. 25 and the illustration on Plate 6 e was not based on a typical cilicica.

Z. laphria Freyer (Vol. 2, p. 25 and p. 443) (3 h) from Anatolia (Ak-Shehir) and Armenia has a brilliant
red mixed with yellow and a slight blue-green gloss on forewings. Spot 6 is widely attached to spots 5. Spots 3
and 4 generally separated, but placed closely together. Hindwings pointed, paler with intermixed yellow scales,
with irregular narrow dark margins rather wider at apex, fringes long and dark; antennae short especially
in the $, pointed at tip. The bodies of the $$ very long and heavy. The ab. confluens Bgff. has confluent spots
(Ak-Shehir). The specimens illustrated were collected by Korb in Armenia (in the Collection of Burgeff).
Burgeff has established his laphria as a separate species on the basis of his examination of the genitals. W hether
Burgeff’ s laphria is actually identical with that of Freyer is not ascertainable.

Z. filipendulae L. (Vol. 2, p. 22 and p. 442). The filipendulae described by Linne originated from S.
Sweden. Specimens of this type race from Wisby, Slite, Thorsburg on the Island of Gothland, from Kristine-
borg and Stockholm have a strikingly large 6th red spot on the forewings as compared with the size of the
other spots; spots 3 and 4 as well as 5 and 6 are closely approximated, the latter spots are often confluent
or widely conjoined together. The wing contour is pointed and narrow, margin on the hindwings is scarcely
present. The spots on underside of fore wings are generally situate in a red surface which covers the whole
spot area, in which however they are still discernible. Beyond the spot area on underside the black ground
colour reappears. — The var. tutfi Rbl. in Vol. 2, p. 23 (= hippocrepidis Steph., filipendulae Briggs) occurs in
England, ab. flava ( Robson ) Bgff. (3i) occurs here. The specimen illustrated is from N. Kent. — In Lapland
and Norway (Groto) var. arctica Schneider (— manni Auriv.) occurs, it is a small form, thinly scaled, which
closely resembles manni from the high Alps. — The var. stettina Bgff. ( = stettinensis Reiss, praeocc.) (3 i) from
the surroundings of Stettin is larger than the type race and has considerably wider wings. Besides these
characteristics the 6 spots on the forewings are most pronouncedly large so that often, especially in $$ specimens,
wide red bands of spots 3 — 4 and 5 — 6 are created. The hindwings have scarcely wider margins than the type
race. The $ type is illustrated.

Verity assembles the entire races of mid and east Europe and the northern territory of the Alps under
subsp. pulchrior Vrty. ( — angelicae Bsd., austria-hungarica Reiss) (type race from Vienna). It differs from the
previous races by more sparsely haired bodies. Thorax and abdomen have the same silky gloss as the forewings.
Further characteristics are the brighter and warmer red and the somewhat denser scaling. The name grisescens
Oberth., mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 442, is withdrawn as it referred to an albinotic specimen. The following aber¬
rations are to be mentioned: ab. quinquemaculata Vorbr. without the 6th forewing spot; ab. cytisi Hbn. (Vol. 2,
p. 22/23), the illustration on plate 5 f is a transition to this aberration; in ab. confluens (Vol. 2, p. 23) the
author’s name is Oberth. instead of Dziurz. Transitions to confluens have been named communimacula Selys,
bipunctata Selys, trivittata Tutt , conjuncta Tutt, all mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 23, and are now withdrawn. Then
ab. polygalae Esp. with almost completely red forewings, only the black margin remains, and ab. flava Robson
(not Hobson) in Vol. 2, p. 22 ( = lutescens Cock., citrinus Webb). Besides ab. chrysanthemi Borkh., in which the
spots of forewings and hindwings are deep brown. The illustration on plate 5 f in Vol. 2 does not represent
chrysanthemi. The names aurantia Tutt, miniata Tutt and intermedia Tutt in Vol. 2, p. 442 are withdrawn. -
The race of the highlands of Germany occurring in the Central German Mountains and the high plateaux to
the south to the boundary of the Alps is var. germanica Reiss (3 i). The specimens illustrated are from the
neighbourhood of Stuttgart. The chief characteristics are the relatively small size, the less brilliant red as com¬
pared to the pulchrior of Vienna, the smaller generally sharply separated spots of fore wings, of which especially
in the south of the area of distribution spot 6 is frequently very small. The hindwings especially in the CS have
narrow black margins and the underside of forewings is generally yellowish-grey and silky glossy. The ab.
pseudoalpina Reiss, which I caught near Weilderstadt (Wiirtt.), has reduced spots on fore wings, spot 6 inclines
to disappear and is generally intersected by the black vein. The red is darker, the black margins to hindwings
fairly wide and generally rather irregularly so. The yellow-grey silky gloss on underside of forewings has
disappeared except for a few traces and has been replaced by black. A form of germanica in which the fore wing
spots and the hindwings are impure white instead of red is named ab. pallida Reiss (taken near Ulm on the
Danube) (3 i), the type is illustrated. — The race from W. France (Dompierre sur mer) is named by Verity
var. pulcherrima (3 k) ( — manni var. Oberth.). It is larger than pulchrior and germanica and has very brilliant
red. The spots are always very large: ab. confluens Oberth. which otherwise is very rare occurs fairly frequently.
The o illustrated is from Auzay (Vendee).

Here follows subsp. manni H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 23) from the territory of the high Alps. To be mentioned
are ab. quinquemaculata (Vorbr.) Bgff., see above, and ab. stoechadina Bgff. with 5 spots, similar to stoechadis,

Supplementary Volume 2 5

laphria.

confluens.

filipen¬

dulae.

tutii.

flava.

arctica.

stettina.

pulchrior.

quinque¬

maculata.

confluens.

polygalae.

chrysan¬

themi.

germanica.

pseudo¬

alpina.

pallida.

pulcher¬

rima.

quinque¬

maculata.

stoecha¬

dina.

34

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

paulula.

vitrea.

pseudo-

manni.

stoec-ha-

dioides.

biconjuncta.

apicecon-

juncta.

autumnalis.

zarana.

microchsen-

heimeri.

anceps.

oberthuri-

ana.

angelicae-

formis.

pyrenes.

angloitalica.

italoanglica.

seeboldi.

gemma.

privata.

himmig-

hofeni.

bavarica ■

oberthuri.

dubia.

flava.

duponcheli.

dubia.

pseudo-

stoechadis.

flava.

gigantea.

very thinly scaled, hindwings with one spot (5) and slightly reddened base. — Further var. paulula Vrty. from
the Stelvio-Pass with spot 6 of forewings regularly reduced. — var. vitrea Bgff. (3 k) from Stalden, Saas-Fee
(in the Valais) which is extraordinarily finely scaled so that it resembles coloured glass. The specimen illustrated
is from the collection of Burgeff. — Schawerda has described the var. pseudomanni from Bosnia and
Herzegovina (Trebinje) which is very sparsely scaled like manni, but has not dense hairs like same on abdomen.

The next main race is the strain from the southern Alps, S. France, upper and central Italy and the
Balkans, which has been assembled under the name subsp. ochsenheimeri Zell. (Vol. 2, p. 23). Zeller wishes
to differentiate transalpina O. from transalpina Esp. Ochsenheimer indicates Italy and S. France as the habitat.
As type race, the race also indicated by the description filipendulae-major Esp. as it occurs around Montpellier
is adopted . Aberrations to be mentioned are: ab. dubia Stgr. ; ab. stoechadioides Std. (Cologna near Trieste),
6 spotted, hindwings black instead of red, only in the distal area a fairly large red spot, the reddish colouration
is reflected through at the base; ab. biconjuncta Vrty.: spots 3 and 4 as well as 5 and 6 confluent, and ab.
apiceconjuncta Vrty. : spots 5 and 6 confluent. — The autumn generation is forma autumnalis {Reiss) Bgff.
(= exigua Std.). Maus bred specimens from the ova to the imago without hibernation between the end of June
to October 1910. The specimens are about y3rd smaller than the usual size. — Burgeff described from Zara
in Dalmatia the var. zarana (3 k) with purely filipendulae type and unusually pointed and narrow wings. Spot 6
of forewings is considerably reduced, very distinctly intersected by the vein, frequently only half the spot
present, often even entirely absent. The black margin of the narrow hindwings is always wider than in
ochsenheimeri. The specimen illustrated is a $ from the collection of Burgeff. — The race from the high
Apennines (Mt. di Mainarde) var. microchsenheimeri Vrty. (3 k) is small and dainty with narrow wings.
The specimen illustrated is from the collection of Verity from Valle Mollarino, 500 m. — Further to be named
are: var. anceps Oberth. from the delta of the Rhone, Var, in June and smaller specimens in September, 5 or 6
spotted, thinly scaled and less glossy than duponcheli (see below), hindwings with narrower black margins,
red a lively carmine-rose. On underside of forewings a diffuse stripe in very different degrees of development.

- var. oberthiiriana Bgff. (= angelicae-alpina Oberth.) from the Basses-Alpes (Digne) is 5 or 6 spotted with all
sorts of transitions, ground colour more or less blue or green glossy, red a lively carmine. The carmine-rose
diffuse streak on the underside of forewings is not always constant and sometimes absent. Specimens with 5
spots are named ab. angelicaeformis Vrty. — Then var. pyrenes Vrty. (= dubia Oberth.) from the Pyrenees
(Vernet les Bains), in which frequently specimens occur with 5 spots and again specimens without the diffuse
streak on the underside of forewings. Hindwings with fairly heavy dark margins. — Bred hybrids from a
crossing between filipendulae S and ochsenheimeri $ have been named by Tutt angloitalica and hybrids from
a reverse crossing italoanglica. — To be classified here from Spain: subsp. seeboldi Oberth. (3 k) from Bilbao,
densely scaled with bluish or greenish superficial gloss on the forewings, 6 or 5 spotted. Red a brilliant carmine,
margin of hindwings very narrow. The $ specimen illustrated is from Bilbao. — subsp. gernina Bgff. (3 1) from
the Province of Murcia (type race from Sierra Segura), Aragon, Portugal (Coimbra) is always o spotted. It is
difficult to differentiate from lonicerae subsp. intermixta Vrty. occurring at the same locality by the somewhat
varying and narrower black margin of the hindwings which bulges in a different shape. Further the spots on
the forewings are generally slightly smaller. However, it is easily differentiated through the genitals. In gemina
sq>ot 4 of the forewings is generally cut off straightly towards the base, rarely it is pointed outwards, narrow and
inclining perpendicularly to the media, whilst in intermixta from the same locality spot 4 is generally pointed
towards the base of the wings and is roundish lachryform or cordiform (see also under lonicerae , p. 38). The
specimens illustrated are from Aragon. Here we have ab. privata Bgff., originally described as belonging to
lonicerae (Vol. 2, p. 21/22), in which spot 3 of the forewing is absent. — subsp. himmighofeni Bgff. (3 1) ( =
stoechadis Rmb., kindermanni Oberth., catalonica Sag., praeocc.) from Catalonia is a race with heavy blue
gloss and often with heavily blackened hindwings. On underside the spots are not confluent. The S' illustrated
is from Llinas, 200 m (leg. Querci).

The subsp. stoechadis Borkh. (= lavandulae Esp.) in Vol. 2, p. 22 and p. 442 mentioned as a separate
species is not easily differentiable from filipendulae, as in the boundaries of its distribution it is closely related
to same. A crossing between a of filipendulae from Herrsching in Bavaria and a $ of the stoechadis race from
Genoa created no difficulties. The hybrids which Burgeff named bavarica are all fairly exactly intermediary
and approximately resemble ochsenheimeri with a reduced 6th spot on the forewings. They are completely
fertile in interbreeding, stoechadis is distributed in the southern valleys of the Alps, “the Maritime Alps and the
Julian Alps (as type race)” and in upper and central Italy. Aberrations of the type race to be mentioned are:
f. oberthuri Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 442); ab. judicariae Call). (Vol. 2, p. 22); ab. dubia (Stgr.) Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 22,
plate 5 b); ab. flava (Oberth.) Bgff., the yellow form. The ab. siepii Oberth., mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 442,
belongs to lavandulae. — The race from the sea-board of the Maritime Alps is var. duponcheli Vrty. (= medi-
caginis Dup.). Almost always 5 spotted, spots of forewings generally clearly separated on underside, hind¬
wings with wider or narrower dark margins and partly adumbrated as in stoechadis. Aberrations to be
mentioned here are: ab. dubia (Stgr.) Oberth.-, ab. pseudostoechadis (Borkh.) Bgff. (= medicaginis Oberth.)
like stoechadis-, ab. flava Oberth., yellow. - - In the sea-board of the ligurian Apennines we find gigantea Rocci
(3 1), a very large race with heavily scaled wide wings and very variable. A $ from the sea-board near

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

35

Genoa is illustrated . ^ The aberrations to be named here are: ab. bongerti Reiss (3 1) (Genoa) with spots of
forewing diffusing longitudinally; ab. tmdecimaculata Rocci with 5 spots on upperside and 6 spots on underside;
ab. tripuncfata Rocci : spots 3 and 5 missing, the remaining spots reduced in size; ab. impar Rocci with 6 spots
on upperside and 5 spots on underside; ab. plusnotata Rocci : spot 4 distinctly separated in 2 parts; ab. parvi-
guttata Rocci with quite small red spots; ab. reducta Rocci : spots 3 and 4 missing ( = quadripuncta Rocci , trans.);
ab. nigrafa Dziurz. in Vol. 2, p. 442 (= nigerrima Reiss) (3 m), the specimen illustrated is the nigerrima type;
ab. mediounita Rocci : spots 3 and 4 confluent; ab. triconjuncta Rocci : spots 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6 of
forewings confluent on underside, lying in a faintly red spot area; ab. lavanduloides Rocci, spots of forewings
with black borders; ab. biguttata Rocci: hindwings blue-black with a red spot in the middle; ab. zonata Rocci,
the red hindwing is separated into 2 parts by a black cuneiform mark proceeding from the outer margin; ab.
ziatoroga Reiss (= citrina Rocci) (3 m), yellow instead of red (Genoa); ab. judicariaeformis Rocci similar to judi-
cariae Call). (Vol. 2, p. 22), especially observable in adumbrated quite fresh specimens; ab. violacea Rocci with
a violet sheen on all wings; ab. cuprea Rocci with green-bronze gloss; ab. dubia ( Stgr .) Rocci-, ab. sexmaculafa
Rocci with 6 spots on upper and undersides; ab. septemaculata Rocci: spot 6 divided into 2 parts; ab. amplo-
maculata Rocci with considerably increased spots, especially spot No. 5. — The presumable 2nd generation is
forma autumnalis Reiss {= genuensis Rocci) (3 m), it is much smaller than the first generation and flies in reduced
number in September (Genoa). The illustrated is the type. - Rocci describes the var. rnicrostoechadis
(Mt. Maggio, Val Scrivia) from the heights of the ligurian Apennines (700—1500 m). In size it is approximately
like autumnalis , is more weakly scaled and less glossy. It occurs in July and August. — An intermediate race
from the reaches of the ligurian Apennines (300—600 m according to Rocci) which comes between gigantea
and rnicrostoechadis has been named by Rocci as var. liguris (Mt. Alpesisa, Val Bisagno). It does not incline
to such an extent of adumbration and is smaller than gigantea. — Here follow: var. aterrima Vrty. (5 and 6
spotted) from N. Tuscany (the mountains above Lucca and Pistoia). This is a small race with wing
expanse 27 — 31 mm in the <$, in which a very heavy adumbration of the wings is predominant. — var. etrusca
Vrty. from Florence (Pian di Mugnone) has a very heavy green gloss, the red is brilliant carmine. Size as
ochsenheimeri and mostly 6 spotted. Margin of hindwings approximately like pyrenes. Here we have ab.
loniceraeformis Vrty. wdthout the 6th forewdng spot. — var. oraria Vrty. (5 or 6 spotted) from the coast of
Tuscany (near Viareggio) is larger than etrusca, however not so large as gigantea although closely resembling
this race. — var. campaniae Stgr.-Rbl. (Vol. 2, p. 22) from the Campagna (Mt. Aurunci). — var. montivaga Vrty.
(6 or 5 spotted) (3 m) from Mt. Sibillini (Bolognola), Abruzzi, is like aterrima in regard to size but less
lively coloured, generally 6 spotted. Margin of hindwings generally wider than micr ochsenheimeri. A from
the collection of Verity is illustrated. — subsp. siciliensis Vrty. (3 m) from Sicily (neighbourhood of Palermo
in May). It varies little, with very narrow margin to hindwings, size as ochsenheimeri. The spots on underside
of forewings are situate in a red area. The illustrated is from the collection of Verity and from the neigh¬
bourhood of Palermo. — Here we have var. calabra Vrty. from Calabria (Piano di Carmelia, 1200 m, Aspromonte),
in which the rfd hr comparison with siciliensis incline more to resemblance with ochsenheimeri, whilst the $9
often approach the pulcherrimaeformis type. Therefore there is a considerable sexual dimorphism. As an
aberration to be mentioned here ab. pulcherrimaeformis Vrty., specimens that resemble pulcherrima (3 k).

“The name diagnoses given by Verity as capable of combination, to cover comparisons of the italian
races (which he however designates as denominations without systematic intentions) have not been included."

The separate main races of Asia can be briefly sketched as follows: subsp. ramburi Led. from Syria
(3 n) with rose colour, ground colour mostly steel blue. Spots 5 and 6 form a wide stripe, (almost crescent form)
rounded towards the apex, spots 3 and 4 faintly confluent. With a hyaline patch at the base of hindwings.
The newly illustrated specimen presumably originates from the collection of Lederer, its origin is given as
Antiochia. — var. rosa Oberth. (ab. ?) (3 n) from Akbes (Syria). The rose-red of the spots covers the upperside
irregularly almost over the whole forewing, underside of forewings completely rose coloured as the hindwings,
which also show a hyaline patch stretching out from the base. Illustration according to Oberthur. — var.
gurda Led. (= mersina H.-Schafj.) from Mersina (Asia Minor) with more extended and pointed wings than
ramburi. The red is somewhat darker. Ground colour of the steel blue, of the $ glossy green. A hyaline
patch stretches out from the base of the hindwings. According to the illustration of Lederer spots 3 and 4
in the type are considerably increased and confluent, spot 6 is widely attached to spot 5. — subsp. anodolitia
Reiss (3 n) from Ak-Shehir (Asia Minor). A pure filipendulae type, larger, wings wider and red darker than in
ramburi. In typical specimens spots 3 and 4 are confluent or attached to one another. Spots 5 and 6 in about
half the specimens are round and isolated, in the other half they are confluent. On the underside of forewings the
spots are still recognisable although situate in a diffusion of rosy colour which covers the entire spot area. Margin
of hindwings narrow. The types are illustrated. — subsp. syriaca Oberth. from Akbes (Syria) (3 n) is large and
robust, ground colour blue-greenish glossy (6 or 5 spotted), red of spots and hindwings a bright carmine. The
diffusion around the spots on underside of forewings is generally absent. Spots 5 and 6 are always separate.
The specimens illustrated are from the Museum at Tring and probably Oberthur’s cotypes. — A large race
from the Taurus which is very similar to the preceding race is named: subsp. tauriana Bgff. ( = taurica Dziurz.,
praeocc., Vol. 2, p. 442) (3 o). Underside of forewings also without a diffusion of red around spots. Differs
from syriaca by the very truncate forewings, spot 6 is widely separated from spot 5. The illustration shows
a C from the Taurus from the collection oLBiirgeff. — subsp. hacljina Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 22, plate 5 c) from
the Taurus.

bongerti.

undeci-
maculala.
tri punctata .
impar.
plusnotata.
parvigut-

tata.

reducta.

nigrata.

mediounita.

triconjunc-

ta.

laxandu-

loides.
biguttata.
zonata .
ziatoroga.
judicariae¬
formis.
violacea.
cuprea.
dubia.
sexmacu-

lata.

septemacu¬

lata.

amplo-

maculata.

autumnalis.

micro-

■stoechadis.

liguris.

aterrima.

etrusca.

lonicerae¬

formis.

oraria.

montivaga.

siciliensis.

calabra.

pulclier-

rimae-

f or mis.

ramburi.

rosa .

gurda.

anodolitia.

syriaca.

tauriana.

36

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

intermedia.

huguenini.

trifolii.

ssxmacula-

ta.

rubescens.

extrema.

obsoteta.

pauperrima.

Candida.

confluens.

sexmacula-

ta.

nigricans,
subsyracu-
siae.
transferens.
deer eta .
longicorni-
bus.
dupon-
cheliana.
glycirrhi-
zae.
dupon-
cheliella.
hibera.

hiberuncula.

olbiana.

paraustra-
lis.
tinacria ■
kriigeri.
secundo-
genita.
barcelonen-
sis.

depravata.

intricata.

australis.

pseudocaeru-

lescens.

ruficostata.

The hybrid from the crossing between filipendulae and lonicerae $ has been named intermedia by Tutt.

The larva of filipendulae feeds in mid Europe on Lotus cornieulatus L., as also does the stoechadis larva
in S. France, the stoechadis larva in S. Europe feeds besides on Dorycnium suffruticosum Vill. and also on
Dorycnium herbaceum Vili.

Z. huguenini Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 6 i) from Ferghana.

Z. trifolii Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 21 and p. 442). Distributed through Central Europe, the islands of the north
german coast, England and the northern Balkans. The type described by Esper originated from Frankfurt on
the Main. Besides the forms described as aberrations in Vol. 2 the following also occur: ab. sexmaculata
( Oberth .) Bgff. (Berlin), see below; ab. minoides Selys (= confluens Stgr.); ab. rubescens Bgff.: spot 1 on the
costa diffusing upwards as far as spot 5, all the other spots irregularly enlarged and conjoined together, the
veins remain black; ab. trivittata Speyer ; ab. extrema Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 442). In ab. obsoleta Tutt one or more
of the forewing spots are absent; ab. pauperrima Vorbr. is uni-coloured black on all wings (Stafa in Switzerland) ;
ab. Candida Bgff. ( — albomaculata Locher) shows an absence of red pigment, purely white instead of red
(Regensburg). The names glycirrhizae Hbn., ba.salis Selys, intermedia Tutt and semilutescens Higgs (Vol. 2,
p. 21 and p. 442) are withdrawn as representing transitions. — The var. gracilis Fuchs (Vol. 2, p. 21) is the
summer form occurring in the middle Rhine Valley from the end of July to the beginning of September. It has
finer scaling, frequently spots 3 and 4 on forewings are separated, further it has more slender and pointed
antennae than the spring form; specimens with confluent forewing spots are more rare. The form named gracilis
by Fitchs from a few specimens collected on the Loreley is smaller but with the exception of this smaller size
corresponds with the summer form (see above). — In N. W. France (near Rennes as type race) and in Eng¬
land trifolii is represented by subsp. palustris Oberth., Vol. 2, p. 21, (= trifolii Briggs, trifolii-major Tutt),
large with brilliant red and considerable variability. The name palustrella Vrty. is deemed synonymous with
palustris. Here occurs ab. confluens Oberth. with completely red spot area; ab. sexmaculata Oberth. and ab.
nigricans Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 442), in the latter the red of the spots and the hindwings is adumbrated to grev-
brown; f. subsyracusiae Vrty. is a form found chiefly on the N. W. coast of France and in the Channel Islands
in which the spots of the are considerably reduced and the dark margin of the hindwings increased; f. trans¬
ferens Vrty. (= britanniae Vrty., Warthill, Yorkshire, misera Vrty.) from Tring Park in Hertfordshire has
spots 3 and 4 separated and hindwings with a narrow margin. — var. decreta Vrty. from Sussex (England)
is a dwarf race in which in the majority of specimens spots 3 and 4 are separated. Here we have ab. longicornibus
Vrty. with extremely long antennae, especially in the <$<$. — The subsp. duponcheliana Oberth. (= trifolii Dup.)
from the East Pyrenees (C-asteil and Vernet-les-Bains, in May and September) is relatively smaller than olbiana
(see below) with dull gloss, spots and hindwings carmine-rose. Here we have ab. glycirrhizae (Him.) Oberth.
Specimens occurring at the end of September which are somewhat daintier, are named by Verity as f. dupon-
cheliella. - subsp. hibera Vrty. (4 a) from Oviedo (Asturia, Spain) is equal to typical palustris in size, but partly
has somewhat longer antennae, more truncate forewings and heavy bodies in the $$. The specimens illustrated
are from the collection of Verity. Specimens resembling syracusiae are named by Verity ab. hiberuncula.
subsp. olbiana Oberth. (3 o) from the Department Var (Hyeres) in May. The ground colour is indigo-blue with
faint gloss, spots small and lively carmine-red, hindwings carmine-red with wide margins. Antennae
relatively long, thorax and abdomen black-blue. The $ has narrower wings and similarity with lonicerae.
Colouration is less bright than in the and spots are larger. The 2nd and 3rd figure from the left on plate 3 o
represent a T9 from Hyeres (Var) from the collection of Burgeff; the 4th figure from the left is a reproduction
of Oberthur’s illustration. — subsp. syracusiae Zell. (Vol. 2, p. 21) (= siciliae Vrty.) from Sicily. The type
race is distinguishable by relatively long abdomen and longer antennae, of which the tips appear more pointed,
small spots, hindwings with almost uniform heavy black margin. Specimens similar to australis are ab.
paraustralis Vrty.; ab. tinacria Vrty. is a fairly large form with large spots and somewhat narrower margins
to hindwings. In ab. kriigeri Ragusa ( = punctonotata Vrty., trans.) spots 3 and 5 are conjoined. — The smaller
form flying in September and presumably a 2nd generation in Sicily and Algeria is named by Verity f. secundo-
genita. The var. barcelonensis Reiss from Catalonia (Barcelona), in May, is generally somewhat larger than
syracusiae and has more pointed forewings. Spot 3 is very small and always separated from the large spot 4.
Margination of hindwings also in the 9? is as wide as in syracusiae. The f. depravata Sag. (3 o) from Llobregat
in Catalonia, occurring in October, is described by Bethune-Baker as a special species clorinda. It refers to
very small specimens probably of a 2nd generation, spot 4 is always separate from spot 3, but smaller in pro¬
portion than in barcelonensis. Normal large specimens, which however scarcely differ except through their
somew'hat smaller size from specimens flying in May are named by Sagarra f. intricata (3 o). The specimens
illustrated of depravata and intricata were captured by Querci. — The var. australis Oberth. (= australis Led.,
nomen nudum; trifolii Rmb.) from N. Africa, S. Spain, is smaller than syracusiae, densely scaled with greenish-
bronze gloss on forewings. The bright carmine of the spots has a touch of claret colour ; hindwings are carmine-rose
and fairly widely surrounded by steel blue. Here we have: ab. pseudocaerulescens Bgff. with hindwings more
or less blackened (Lambessa); ab. ruficostata Holl : spot 1 on the costa diffusing upwards to the level of spot 5.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

_ var. magnaustralis Vrty. from Algeria (Khenchela) is larger than australis and has larger forewing spots.

From the mountains* of Andalusia (Sierra de Alfacar) Oberthur mentions the var. caerulescens (4 a) ( = stoe-
chadis Rmb.) which besides having in the rfd a considerable extension and diffusion of the margins of hindwings,
has same often heavily adumbrated. A $ from Sierra ’Nevada (1200 m) is illustrated. Aberrations to be
mentioned are: ab. pseudoaustralis (Bgff.) Eeiss (see below); f. tenuelimbata Romei with narrower margin to
hindwings approximately as the german trifolii. — Then follows subsp. seriziati Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 21, plate 4 k)
from the sea-board of Algeria with brilliant steel-blue ground colour and lively carmine red spots on forewings,
hindwings more or less heavily clouded with indigo blue. In ab. rusicadica Std. the forewing spots 1 and 2 as
well as 3 and 4 are roundly confluent (Philippeville). Further must be mentioned: ab. nigra Dziurz. (Vol. 2,
p. 21, plate 4k); ab. pseudoaustralis Bgff.: specimens with hindwings not more widely margined than in
australis. — The subsp. or ientalis Hormuz. (Vol. 2, p. 21) described from the Bukovina (alpine Plateau of the
Lutshina) follows here. Hindwings have a very wide black margin extending sometimes to the middle of the wing.

magnausira-

lis.

caerules¬

cens.

'pseudo¬

australis.

tenuelimba¬

ta.

rusicadica.

pseudo¬

australis.

escheri Stdfss. is the bred hybrid from a cross between trifolii and filipendulae $ and fletscheri Tutt. escheri.

lonicerae.

citrina .

cuneata.

centri-

puncta.
incendium.
trivittata .
bercei.
hades,
translucens.

from a cross between trifolii q and lonicerae $.

The food plant of trifolii larvae is Lotus corniculatus L. and also for australis in the Atlas (Bcrgeff).

The larva of the african australis differs from that of the european trifolii by its somewhat paler colouration,
the lateral stigmata are only faintly indicated.

Z. lonicerae Schev. in Vol. 2, p. 21/22 and p. 442, (= loti Stephens). The type race from Regensburg is
identical with the mid german strains. Large forewing spots, spots 3 and 4 sometimes confluent, thinly scaled,
the red sometimes mixed with yellow and fairly narrow margins to hindwings. The species is distributed in
Lapland, Finland, Scandinavia, Denmark, England, central and southern Europe from Spain to the L rals,

Pontus, Armenia, Altai and Ussuri. Besides the aberrations mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 21, the following are named:
ab. citrina Speyer in Vol. 2, p. 21 and p. 442, (= lutescens Oberth.. flava Oberth.). Further ab. cuneata Tutt ;
ab. centripuncta Tutt (both Vol. 2, p. 442) and similarly ab. incendium Oberth. (= rubrosuffusa Vrty., trans.).

In ab. trivittata Tutt the forewing spots are conjoined longitudinally in the wing. The ab. bercei Sand' has spot 2
widely confluent with spot 4 and diffusing, similarly 3 with 5, forming an irregular red area. Costa is free of red.

The ab. hades Metschl (Regensburg) has spots and hindwings smoky-brownish and sooted with black. The
spots are only clearly differentiable from the steel blue ground colour in oblique light. The ab. translucens Bgff.

(— diaphana Bgff., praeocc. semidiaphana Std.) is very thinly scaled and has transparent wings. In ab.
rubescens Bgff. (Vol. 2, p. 21) we have to add that spot 1 extends upwards as far as spot 5, the other spots expand
irregularly and conjoin, the veins of the wing remaining black. The ab. privata Bgff. (Vol. 2, p. 21/22) belongs
to filipendulae subsp. gemina Bgff. (see notes there). The names eboraceae Brest, and carnea Spul. are withdrawn,
as also are semilutescens. Hew. and lutescens Hew. (Vol. 2, p. 442). — From the Province Brandenburg (Berlin,
Brandenburg on the Havel and Tangermiinde) Bitrgeff separates var. praeacuta. These are large insects with praeacuta.
pointed and narrow wings with long and heavy antennae and medium wide margins to hindwings. Colour is
a bold carmine-rose frequently mixed with yellow in the fold area and at the base of hindwings. The black areas
of the wings with faint superficial blue or green gloss. - - The subsp. linnei Reiss (4 a), type race from Slite on
the Isle of Gothland and surroundings of Stockholm has easily recognisable characteristics. Heavily haired
thorax and abdomen and somewhat wider margin to hindwings. Specimens with fairly similar race character¬
istics also occur in Lapland, Finland and Estland and the type covers these districts. The $ type is illustrated.

— The var. kareliae Bgff. from Carelia is pale carmine-rose coloured. — A larger and more robust race with
heavy hairs like linnei is var. stettinensis Reiss (4 a, b) from the neighbourhood of Stettin (Hoekendorff),
similar specimens also occur in the neighbourhood of Sleswick. The $ type and a $ cotype are illustrated,
subsp. latomarginata Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 442 as ab.) with wide wings, densely scaled and with wider to very wide
margination of hindwings. Forewing spots and hindwings carmine-rose with slight yellow admixture. A heavy
green gloss on the black parts of the wings and sometimes also on the abdomen of both sexes. Mid and south
England, Smethwick, Bournemouth, New Forest. — The subsp. major Frey (= alpiumgigas Vrty.) from the
southern valleys of the Alps (St. Nicolas in the Visp Valley), Vol. 2, p. 21, is very large with pointed wings,
densely scaled and fairly wide margin of hindwings; ab. alpiumnana Vrty. are specimens similar to trifolii. In
higher altitudes (Formazza Valley in the Tessin) it graduates into var. glaciei Vrty. which is smaller than major
and more thinly scaled. — var. martinensis Reiss from St. Martin-Vesubie, in July, is more robust than major
with wider wings and generally somewhat wider, almost uniform blue-black margins to hindwings. — subsp.
apenninica Rocci from the ligurian and etruscan Apennines, Mt. Sibillini. The type race from Parma and Reggio
from considerable altitudes is small and dainty, sparsely dusted, the wings extended and pointed. 1 he spots
of forewings are small and the hindwings have fairly wide black margins. — var. etruriae Vrty. (Mt. Sennario,

800 m) from Tuscany is more densely scaled with brighter red and of larger and more robust form. - The var.
pauper Vrty. (4 b) from Mt. Sibillini (Marche), 1400 — 1700 m, differs very little from apenninica except through
partial sparser scaling. A from Verity’s collection is illustrated. Verity classifies specimens as ab. ctntralitaliae

linnei.

kareliae.

stettinensis.

latomar¬

ginata.

alpium¬

nana.

glaciei.

martinensis.

apenninica.

etruriae.

pauper.

ceniral-

i tal iae .

38

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

paupere-

tincta.

autumnalis.

nigra.

silana.

vivax.

postice-
obscurata.
brevicorni-
bus.
inter mixta.

natolica.

achalcea.

abbast li¬
ma na.
Jcinder-
manni.

ledereriana.

ussuriensis.

vnversa.

worthingi.

burgeffi.

transalpine.

emendata.

which resemble trifolii. — In July Verity captured at Bolognola a race coming between etruriae and pauper
which he names pauperetincta. The forma autumnalis Vrty. is a parallel generation of this race that flies in
September, which is smaller and more sparsely scaled. A single specimen of this race having hinclwings
adumbrated similar to ab. nigra Dziurz. of seriziati, Verity names ab. nigra. - In subsp. silana Bgff. (= herthae
Std., minima Trti., dimorphica Vrty.) (4 b) from Calabria, Sila, the very dark brilliant red and wide margins to
hindwings are quite unusual for lonicerae. The forewings have a heavy superficial gloss. The specimens illus¬
trated are from Mt. Martinello in Calabria. — Here we classify var. vivax Vrty. from C'aserta (Mt. Mainarde), end
of June, which differs from silana only through the less heavy margins of the hindwings and less heavy gloss. Here
ab. posticeobscurafa Vrty. in which the hindwings are covered with black except for a red middle streak, also
this middle streak is traversed by black lines along the veins. — ab. brevicomibus is the name given by Verity
to specimens of all italian races with shorter antennae and wings. — In Andalusia, Aragon there is a special
main race, the subsp. intermixta Vrty. (4 b, c) with wider more truncate wings at the apex, especially in the
The shape and distribution of the spots is typical, spots 3 and 4 are rarely confluent, spot 4 generally
pointed towards the base of the wings, roundish, lachryform or cordiform. The margin of hindwings is narrower
than in typical lonicerae. In spite of the thin scaling all specimens, even the have a quite unusually deep
blue gloss on their short scaled bodies and on the black parts of the wings, which is quite unusual for lonicerae.
In a few specimens this gloss has a greenish sheen. The specimens illustrated are from Aragon (Sierra Alta).

From Anatolia (Sultan-Dagh) at the end of June, at about 1700 m, we find subsp. natolica Reiss (4 c) about
the same size as trifolii with more acutely pointed wings. The spots 3 and 4 of the forewings are close
together. Blue gloss on forewings and body. Red carmine-rose. The $ type is illustrated. — The subsp.
achalcea Bgff. (4 c) from Armenia (Achalzich) is very large, only slightly smaller than major, with wide wings
and very heavy feelers in the and heavily haired body. Ground colour with a pronounced steel-blue gloss,
more rarely greenish. Spots always separated on fore wings and very wide margins to hindwings, dark carmine
red, sometimes with somewhat yellow admixture. The $ illustrated is from the collection of Biirgeff.
Specimens from Abbas-Tuman are of dainty build, narrower extended wings and very darkly margined
hindwings: var. abbastumana Reiss (4 c). The type is illustrated. — var. kindermanni Oberth. (= stoechadis
Freyer ) was placed by Oberthur to stoechadis. It actually corresponds with stoechadis in the markings, in
general appearance however with achalcea, but it is smaller. The spots of forewings are small, the hindwings
have a red streak from the base of wings outwards in conjunction with a large spot on the median nervule (5).
From the Caucasus, Cuban territory. An examination of the genitals has proved them to be typical
lonicerae genitals. Here we have ab. ledereriana Bgff. (= stoechadis var. Led.) with bright orange-yellow spots
of forewings, hindwings almost black, only a little orange yellow at the base, at the end of the cell a round
orange-yellow spot. — The subsp. ussuriensis Reiss (4 c) from Ewgieniewka, Ussuri, is somewhat smaller than
typical lonicerae, more sparsely scaled and rather brighter carmine red. Wings more extended, spots 3, 4 and 5
almost round, spot 3 almost as large as spots 4 and 5, spots 3 and 4 nearly contiguous. Hindwings with normal
black margins, rather heavier black fringes of the inner margin. Underside as the upperside only slightly paler.
Antennae slightly daintier than in lonicerae, hairs on the body heavier. The specimen illustrated is from the
Hungarian National Museum.

inversa Tutt is a bred hybrid from a crossing between lonicerae <$ and filipendulae worthingi Tutt from a
crossing between lonicerae and trifolii $, and burgeffi Przegendza from a crossing between lonicerae and
ephialtes v. borealis 2.

The larva of lonicerae feeds in mid Europe on Lotus corniculatus L., Trifolium montanum L. and
Onobrychis sativa Link.

XII. Subgen. Polymorpha Bgff.

Z. transalpina Esp., Vol. 2, p. 23 and p. 442 (= medicaginis Him., charon Bsd., loti Vrty.). This,
possibly the most interesting species, separates into the central and Mediterranean groups. The central group
inhabits central Germany, France southwards to the Provence and over the Pyrenees to Spain and is presumably
a survival of the tertiary period. In Germany it reaches in one place to the Algau Alps. The Mediterranean
group, which has developed south of the Alps, presumably only reached the Alps after the ice period and
proceeded to invade the Rhine and Inn Valleys. It covers besides the entire region of the Alps, Italy as far as
Calabria, ending in the west in the Basses-Alpes, in the east in the Adriatic sea-board and the Carst; further
it occurs in Bosnia and the transylvanian Alps. The central group has the apex of the wings pointed, spots 5
and 6 closely approximated; the Mediterranean group has a truncate apex to the wings and widely separated
spots. These are the chief characteristics which suffice to discriminate individual specimens of each group.

I. Mediterranea n G r oup: the type race of transalpina Verity has discovered on the italian
forerunners to the Alps around Lago Maggiore. — subsp. emendata Vrty. (4 d) (Mazerata) is distributed in the
plains of the Po, north and central Italy, east of the Apennines. It is larger than the typical transalpina, with
dark red, faint blue gloss on forewings, narrow black margins to hindwings and a cuneiform mark on vein C 2;

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

39

antennae long and heavy. A from the collection of Burgeff is illustrated. The following aberrations are
named: ab. anficeconjuncta Vrty.: spot 1 and 3 confluent; ab. Hava Sicker (4 d) (instead of Dziurz. in Vol. 2,
p. 23), yellow. — Here we have var. interjacens Bgff. (= intermedia Rocci), a race combining the race character¬
istics of altitudinaria and pinguis from medium altitudes of the Apennines (Val Scrivia, Val Bisagno), end of
June to end of September, in 2 parallel generations. The ab. quinqueguttata Rocci is 5 spotted on upperside
and 6 spotted on underside. — var. pseudointermedia Rocci (= intermedia Costantini) from the ligurian Apennines,
Emilia, at an altitude of 700 m, approaches more closely to altitudinaria from the Abruzzi Mountains. Here
ab. privata Costantini , 5 spotted and ab. depauperata Costantini : spot 3 completely absent. — Then follows
subsp. maritima Obertk. (Vol. 2, p. 23), type race from the sea-board of the Maritime Alps (La Turbie), further
from the sea-board of Liguria and on the western coast of central Italy. The typical maritima is daintily built,
has a narrow body and relatively large wings with quite small forewing spots. Spot 0 is rarely absent: ab.
trimacula n. nov. ( — trimaculata Obertk ., praeocc.). The blue gloss of the ground of forewings is predominant
over the green gloss. Underside of forewings generally with considerable diffuse streak which only dissipates
gradually in dark specimens. We also find in a number of the oC the peculiar purple sheen on the blue wings.
— To the typical maritima has to be added var. promunturii Bgff. from Laigueglia. It occurs on the promontory
of Capo Mele jutting out into the sea and covered with Pinus halepensis and Macchien on chalky ridges. The
larvae are found on Hippocrepis comosa. Rather smaller in size than maritima-, forewing spots much smaller,
generally in the form of pseudosorrentina (see below), larger in specimens with more or less red hindwings.
About half the number of specimens is still further adumbrated. Traces of spot 6 are traceable on the upperside
even if only in the shape of a few scales. A quite black specimen in which scarcely visible traces of scales
indicate the 6 fore wing spots and the area of spots 4 and 6 of hindwings has been named by Burgeff ab.
anthrax. — The characteristics for the 6 and 5 spotted var. pinguis Bgff. (= maritima Rocci) from the ligurian
Apennines around Genoa, not immediately on the sea coast, are plain when compared with a typical maritima.
pinguis has a plumper build, thicker body and relatively smaller wings, chiefly with green gloss and frequently
without a 6th forewing spot. Aberrations are: ab. parvimaculata Rocci., spot 5 or 6 exceedingly minute; ab.
depauperata ( Trti .) Rocci, see below; ab. pseudosorrentina ( Trti .) Bgff., see below; ab. amplomaculata Rocci
with considerably enlarged forewing spots; ab. circumscripta Trti.: spots 3, 4 and 5, especially spot 4, distinctly
narrowly surrounded with yellowish; ab. diffusa Rocci : spots on the underside of forewings conjoined together
by a red cloud; ab. brunnea (Dziurz.) Rocci, red-brown instead of red. — The 6 and 5 spotted var. litorea Bgff.

( = transiens Rocci, praeocc.) (4 d) from the coastlands around Genoa (in May) is generally somewhat larger
than pinguis. Ground colour blue-black, rarely with green gloss, the smaller spots and hindwings are darker
red than in pinguis. Hindwings with very wide violet-black margin. The specimens illustrated are from the
sea coast of Genoa. Aberrations to be mentioned are: ab. pseudomaritima Rocci, similar to maritima-, ab.
pseudosorrentina (Trti.) Rocci, see below; ab. pseudocaiabrica Rocci, similar to calabrica with quite black hindwings;
ab. depauperata (Trti.) Rocci, see below. — The race from Formia (Prov. Caserta) presumably from the sea¬
board of Mt. Aurunci in March and April is var. collina Bgff. (= italica ab. Dziurz., Vol. 2, p. 23, plate 5 h,
maritima Querci, transiens Vrty.) 6 and 5 spotted. These are large, robust, brightly coloured insects inclining
to the following aberrations: ab. depauperata Trti. with spot 3 or 4 absent on forewings; ab. annulafa Trti.
with red abdominal belt; ab. pseudosorrentina Trti., similar to sorrentina. — In subsp. sorrentina Stgr. in Vol. 2,
p. 23, (= stoechadis H.-Schaff.) from the peninsular of Sorrent and the surroundings of Naples the following
aberrations are named: ab. sexmacula Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 442); ab. gramanni Std. : spot 1 of forewings absent,
hindwings black or with small red dot in the middle; ab. roseopicta Trti. (= rubromixta Std.) with rosy-red
colouration; ab. nigroinspersa Bgff.: spots adumbrated by a few distributed black scales; ab. albicincfa Bgff.
with pronounced white surrounds to spots of forewings; ab. depauperata (Trti.) Bgff. (= tertiadeleta Std.,
mediodefecta Std.). see above; ab. pseudomaritima (Rocci) Bgff. with red hindwings similar to those of maritima-,
ab. pseudolitorea Bgff. with widely margined hindwings similar to litorea-, ab. pseudocaiabrica (Calb.) Bgff. like
calabrica ab. posticebipuncta Std. : hindwings black writh 2 neatly outlined separated spots; ab. posticetripuncta
Std. like the former only with 3 spots on hindwings; ab. zickerti (Hoffm.) Bgff.-, ab. anmulata Trti., see above;
ab. tripicta Std. with minute spots 2, 3 and 4, otherwise quite blue-black; ab. bipuncta Std. as the former, but
only spots 3 and 4 still present; ab. Havescens Trti., yellowish instead of red. — var. (and ab.) xanthographa
Germ. (= boisduvalii Heydenreich), Vol. 2, Plate 5 i, is yellow, 5 and 6 spotted. Costa has described a stoechadis
var. Here we have ab. verity! Std. with narrow hindwing margins; ab. centripunctata Std. like the former, but
in the middle of hindwings besides a blue-black spot; ab. radiafula Std. like verityi, but the yellow area from
the base of the hindwings intersected by blue-black streaks; ab. zickerti Hoffm. (Vol. 2, p. 23). — The var.
tenuissima Bgff. ( = boisduvalii Perlini) is a small yellow summer race from Sarracinesco and from Mt. Gennaro,
at the end of July; transitions to the red form occur. — At Albano in the Alban Mountains the largest yellow
race of transalpina occurs : var. albama Bgff., ^ 17, $ 19 mm length of forewings. Red forms and transitions do not
occur. — From Mt. di Mainarde (Villalatina), Mt. Sirente, in the first half July we have the very variable var.
latina Vrty. (4 d, e) generally with considerable adumbration of hindwings like zickerti. Yellow specimens are
not rare, but are never predominant. The illustrated specimens are from Mt. di Mainarde, leg. Querci. -
Of the var. calabrica Calb., Vol. 2, p. 23, (= spicae Stgr.) from Calabria very little has become known. Whether

anticeconj undo, ■
f lava ■

interjacens.

quinqueguttata .
pseudointermedic

privata, .
depauperata-

trimacula.

promunturii.

anthrax.

pinguis.

parvimaculata ■

depauperata.

pseudosorrentina

amplomaculata .

circumscripta.

diffusa.

brunnea.

litorea.

pseu domaritima .
pseudosorrentina
pseudocaiabrica .
depauperata.
collina.

depauperata.

annulata.

pseudosorrentina

sexmacula.

gramanni.

roseopicta .

nigroinspersa .

albidncta.

depauperata.

pseudomaritima.

pseudolitorea.

pseudocaiabrica.

posticebipuncta .

posticetrip uncta .

zickerti.

annulata.

tripicta.

bipuncta.

flavescens.

xanthographa .

verityi.

centri punctata.

radiatula.

tenuissima.

albana.

latina.

40

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

altitudi-

naria.

privata.
de pau¬
per ata.
amplomar-
ginata.
sorrentinae-
f or mis.
cingulata.
autumnalis.
hilfi.

alpina.

reducta.

parvimacu¬

lata.

confluens.

omnicon-

fluens.

flava.

athicaria.

cingulata.

jugi.

flava.

boica.

splugena.

a separation from sorrentina is justified, must still be proved. — - From the ligurian and etruscan Apennines
and the Abruzzi Mountains (Mt. Gennaro and Mt. all’ Autore, in July) subsp. altitudinaria Trti. (= aestivalis
Oberth.) (4 e) is described. In comparison to maritima it is relatively small, with sparse scaling, forewings narrow
and pointed, colour a duller red, spots without black circumscription. Ground colour green or blue-green, not
heavily glossy; hindwing margins narrow. The 3 illustrated originates from Mt. Majella (Abruzzi), 1600 m,
leg. Romei. The following aberrations occur: ab. privata Costantini, see above; ab. depauperata Costantini, see
above; ab. amplomarginata Rocci with wider margins to hindwings like pinguis ; ab. sorrentinaeformis Rocci,
specimens similar to sorrentina-, ab. cingulata Trti. with a red belt. - - A smaller and semitransparent parallel
generation occurring in September is forma autumnalis Vrty. - - The subsp. hilfi Reiss (4 e) from the sea-board
of Istria- (Fuzine, Cologna) is a dainty race with pointed wings, a little smaller than maritima , 6 spotted, rarely 5
spotted . Margins of hindwings vary in the widths of alpina-, maritima-, and litorea. The underside of fore wings
has a fainter diffusion than is shown in maritima. The superficial blue gloss is considerably fainter, red brighter,
more brilliant and inclining to greater yellow admixture. The 3 type from Fuzine is illustrated. I should like
to still mention a specimen from Bosnia (Koricna), leg. Leonhard, and a small series from the transvlvanian
Alps (Butschetsch), taken in August, leg. Dannehl, in my collection which can only be mentioned here on
account of the small number of insects. According to this the distribution of transalpina proceeds much further
to the East than has been presumed hitherto. — subsp. alpina Bsd. (= angelicae Bscl., angelicae Dup., transalpina
Vorbr., helvetica Rothsch. and Beth. -Baker), Vol. 2, p. 442 as ab., (4 e): the description of Boisduval has had a
curious fate. Oberthur first included alpina under transalpina-, later he considered it a dubia form from Digne.
Type race from Grenoble on the Isere, in a wider sense Savoy and the western reaches of the Alps and as a
subsp. of the entire territory of the Alps with the exception of the southern valleys of the northern Tyrol and Styria.
The specimen illustrated according to Oberthur is from Digne. The name ferulae Led. (Vol. 2, p. 23) is with¬
drawn. The following aberrations are known: ab. reducta Trti. ( = quinquemaculata Vorbr.) without spot 6 on
forewings; ab. parvimaculata Vorbr. with considerably reduced spot 3 or 4; ab. confluens Vorbr. with the spots
confluent in all kinds of forms; ab. omniconfluens Vorbr. with completely confluent spots, so that only a little
black is left; ab. flava Oberth., yellow' instead of red. - The very large race of the Etsch Valley coming between
emendata and alpina, occurring near Bolzano and neighbourhood is named by Burgeff var. athicaria (= costaz-
zina Std.). Superficial gloss more pronounced than in alpina, in the 3 generally blue, often with a purple sheen
as in maritima , in the $ generally greeny-bronze. Hindwings with wider margins and generally with a pronounced
cuneiform mark jutting out into the middle of the wing. A brilliant bright red. Here occurs ab. cingulata Bgff.
with red abdominal belt. — var. jugi Bgff. (= altissima Bgff., praeocc.) (4 e) is a very pronounced high alpine
race of transalpina from the Ortler territory. On the Stilfser Joch it occurs from 1800 m to 2400 m. The most
important characteristics, which are not absent in a single specimen, are the narrow extended wings, the
somewhat curved outer margin of the forewings, the short somewhat truncate antennae, the relatively
short abdomen and the coarse and heavy hairing together with similar fringes, unusual in transalpina. The
illustrated specimen is from the collection of Burgeff. - - The subsp. astragali Borkli. (Vol. 2, p. 23) ( =
hippocrepidis O.) (4 e) attaches itself closely to the alpine transalpina. The most important characteristics are
the size, the truncate wing apex and the fact that spots 5 and 6 of forewings are almost always separate. The
round spots of forewings and the hindwings are all a brilliant red inclining somewhat towards vermilion. The
black part of the wings has a very pronounced gloss, generally blue in the 3$, more rarely green, in the
almost always green. The type race occurs in the middle Rhine Valley from Thurgovia to Coblenz. Besides
this astragali occurs in the border hills of the upper Rhine lowlands. The yellow form is ab. flava 8 pul. — - Here
we place var. boica Bgff. (= bavarica Bgff., praeocc.) from the surroundings of the Starnberger Lake. In
regard to wing contour, it is habitually similar to astragali, it is less densely scaled than same and with fainter
superficial blue or green gloss of the black parts of the wings. Therefore the black circumscription of the spots
of forewings is less pronounced. The red often changing to brownish rosy red being inclined to show the rose
colour of alpine specimens as well as the brilliant vermilion-like red of astragali. Spots as in astragali,
5 and 6 always separate, especially spot 4 with indicated white circumscription in the $$, which in the 33 can
only be ascertained by means of a magnifying glass in the shape of a few white scales. Spot 4 sometimes pointed
towards the base or conjoined with single minute red dots. Remarkable white tips to the antennae which in
astragali are much less distinct. Margins of hindwings as in astragali, astragali and boica are the only 2 immigrant
races to Germany of the Mediterranean transalpina.

Burgeff has discovered 2 races in the Alps which in certain respects come half way between the
central and Mediterranean transalpina. On the other hand they form an extraordinary characteristic group
with their own individuality. It is subsp. splugena Bgff. (4 f) from the St. Bernard Pass and the lower Rhine
Valley (Spliigen), the larva of which feeds exclusively on Hippocrepis comosa and has never been found on
Lotus corniculatus, therefore behaving like the central transalpina (the Mediterranean transalpina larva feeds
frequently in the open on Lotus as well as on Hippocrepis). The insects differ from the alpina type, firstly
through the shape of the wings, which whilst being wide have however a curved and not a simple rounded
outer margin and therefore appear to be pointed. The spots of forewings are about double as large as in alpina,
5 and 6 are contiguous and incline to be confluent. Black margin of hindwings narrower than in alpina with a

Publ. 3. VII. 1030.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

41

slight bulge towards the middle of the wings. Red a brilliant bright carmine with a slight yellow admixture
(some specimens show a yellowish fold area of hindwings). No trace of minium. Black parts of wings with
dull blue gloss, much more finely and densely scaled than alpina. Only a few of the BB show a greenish gloss
in the basal area of forewings, whilst the majority of $$ show same. The specimens illustrated are from the
collection of Burgeff. ab. flavinrubra Bgff. has yellowish red colouration, having a regular mosaic of yellow
and red scales and cannot be mistaken for the usual yellowish red form of aurantiaca. — Besides we have var.
jurassoboica Bgff. from the districts around Reichenhall and Berchtesgaden, which approximates closely to
splugena, but which has considerably narrower and even more strikingly pointed wings. Spots are large, in
the SB apical spots close together, in the $$ approximately in the degree of 1 to 3 confluent. Localities of
splugena and jurassoboica are so widely separated, that a geographical relationship cannot easily be established,
especially as the Inn Valley, that separates the two localities, is the habitat of alpina.

II. Central Group: In subsp. hippocrepidis Hbn. (= astragali Spul.) from Thuringia (Jena),
southern Hanover, Lower Franconia, Neckar Valley, the wings, in comparison to astragali are more pointed,
the spots more or less angular, 5 and 6 often confluent. The colouration and the superficial gloss are much duller
and with a somewhat slighter admixture of vermilion; scaling considerably less dense. The following aberrations
are named: ab. rubescens Bgff. (Weilderstadt in Wuerttemberg, Jena): spot 1 on costa of fore wings is elongated,
the other spots incline towards diffusion; ab. huebneri Bgff. the inversely marked form (illustrated by Huebner);
ab. eimgulata Bgff. with red abdominal belt; ab. flava ( Kaufmann ) Bgff., yellow instead of red. — The var.
jurassicola Bgff. (= jurassica Bgff., praeocc.) (4 f) differs from hippocrepidis by its relatively shorter and wider
wings, with which in most specimens we find a simultaneous reduction of spot 6. Further jurassicola varies
by the shade of red being rather more brownish or yellowish. Swabian Alb (Geislingen on the Steige),
franconian Jura (Eichstatt, Bavaria). The B illustrated was taken at the Teck (Swabian Alb). Here we have
ab. flava Kaufmann (4 f) from Hohenneuffen (Swabian Alb), yellow instead of red; ab. brunrseafa Przegendza
from the Altmuhl Valley, pale to dark brown instead of red; ab. alpirtoides Reiss, rosy with small spots, spot 6
reduced in size, hindwings with heavy black margins; ab. eimgulata Bgff. (see above) and ab. totirubra Reiss
(4 f) from the surroundings of Ulm with quite red forewings, only the apex and a narrow border at outer margin
being black. — The hybrid flamrmula Bgff. was bred by Burgeff, being a cross between astragali B and
jurassicola $. — Further the var. allgaviana Bgff. (= jurassica Bgff.) from the Algau Alps (Oberstdorf) which
differs from jurassicola by the generally somewhat wider black margins to hindwings, but chiefly by the
absence of the heavy green or blue gloss of the black parts of forewings, the dull black instead of glossy body
and the longer scaling and hairs. Among these we find ab. eimgulata Bgff.

Joining up here we have the subsp. centralis Oberth. in Vol. 2, p. 442 as ab. (4 g) from Central and
S.W. France (asJype race), neighbourhood of Paris, Pont de T Arche, Chartres, in July; the Pyrenees, Catalonia,
New Castile. Smaller than alpina, red more vermilion colour. Spots 5 and 6 confluent, occasionally all spots
conjoined. The specimen illustrated is from Burgeef’s collection. Aberrations are: ab. nigricans Oberth. in
Vol. 2, p. 23, (= brunnea Dziurz.) and ab. flava Oberth., yellow instead of red. — The following races are
described: var. ceritripyremaea Bgff. (= alpina Oberth.), differing from centralis by more truncate apex, especially
of hindwings, duller colouration, heavier margins to hindwings and very long hairs on abdomen together with
unusually long fringes to the wings. High Pyrenees (Vernet les Bains). — var. centricataloniae Bgff. (4 f) with
much narrower and more pointed wings than specimens from the Pyrenees, with very dense scaling, deeply
blue or green glossy with brilliant vermilion red spots and hindwings. Body smooth, but inner angle of hindwings
often with long fringes. Spots small, 5 and 6 in fifty per cent of the specimens being confluent. Relatively deep
black margins to hindwings. Catalonia (Mount Serrat; Mount Tagamanent, 50 kms north of Barcelona). The
specimen illustrated is from the Collection of Bitrgeff. — var. philippsi Romei (4 g) from New Castile (Cuenca),
Huelamo, 1200 m, is the same size and colouration as the former, but spots 5 and 6 are separate and the
margins of hindwings are narrower. The specimens illustrated were collected by O. Querci, the £ illustrated
inclines to be confluent. — var. hispana Vrty. based on a single specimen with locality label “Valencia” and
therefore rather doubtful, looks similar to a typical sorrentina; the 6 spots of fore wings have white circum¬
scriptions. — Burgeff gives the name of var. aestivoprovincialis to a provincialis (see below) form occurring in
the summer (July) in the neighbourhood of Marseilles which is double as large and with much wider wings. —
The var. provincialis Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 442 as ab.) flies in September and is a pronounced autumn race from
the delta of the Rhone and Var.

Here follows subsp. occidental^ Oberth. (4 g) (Vol. 2, p. 442 as ab.) from West France (Charente, Vendee,
in May and in August). The specimen illustrated is from Auzay. Red vermilion colour. Spots often enlarged
and consequently touching. Spot 6 attached to spot 5. There is an inclination to the formation of a red
abdominal belt. Hindwings with narrow black margins. In ab. vertebralis Le Charles from Aignes the upperside
of abdomen is scaled throughout the middle with red. The ab. cingulata Hirschke (= micingulata Oberth.,
semicingulata Seitz) and ab. miltosa Cand. belong here. The names vigei Oberth., rosea Oberth., pallidior Oberth.
(Vol. 2, p. 442) are withdrawn.

Supplementary Volume 2 - 0

flavinrubra.

jurasso¬

boica.

hippo¬

crepidis.

rubescens.

huebneri.

cingulata.

flava.

jurassicola.

flava.
brunneata.
al pi no ides,
cingulata.
totirubra.

flammula.
allgaviana .

cingulata.

centralis.

flava.

centri-

pyrenaea.

centri-

cataloniae.

philippsi.

hispana.

aestivopro¬
vincialis .

provincialis.

occidentalis.

vertebralis .

42

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

A very large form was brought from the North Caucasus by Korb, which is represented both in
Burgeff’s and my collections and which I should like to mention. The red is carmine with an admixture of
yellow, ground colour black, almost without blue sheen; hindwings fairly heavily, but irregularly margined
with black. Underside paler, cloudy streak present between the spots. Abdomen very long and heavy. The
specimens belong according to their appearance to transalpine!, but transition links with same are absent. As
korbi. this interesting form deserves a name, I introduce same in honour of its discoverer as korbi (4 g). The question
as to whether this is a subspecies of transalpina, I must leave unanswered.

The larva of transalpina feeds on Hippocrepis comosa, Coronilla varia, montana, emerus and vaginalis,
as well as Lotus corniculatus.

elegans.

sexmacu-

lata.

quinque-

maculata.

cingulata.

splendida.

Z. elegans Bgff. (4 g, h) (= loti Hbn., angelicae var. Aschenauer ) from the Swabian Alb (Geislingen)
is larger than transalpina- jurassicola; wings relatively narrower with very little blue or green gloss, six-spotted,
bright carmine. Spots 5, 4 and especially 3 taper in a point towards the base, spot 3 generally cuneiform,
varying to the shape of a comma. The spot formation reminds one strongly of cilicica; spot 6 is conjoined with
spot 5 by a red bar. Underside of forewings is covered by a red cloud to somewhat beyond the spot area, like
in jurassicola although less dense. Hindwings pointed, red with narrow black margin, only bulging faintly.
Abdomen black; antennae slender with truncate tip and scarcely thickened club. The specimens illustrated
are from Geislingen on the Steige. Aberrations named are: f. sexmaculata Reiss (4h): spots 5 and 6 separate;
f. quinquemaculata Reiss: Spot 5 round and without the attached spot 6; ab. cingulata Bgff. ( = cingulata Reiss )
with red abdominal belt; ab. splendida Reiss ( 4 li) (Hohenneuffen) : Spot 1 and 2 confluent, Spot 3 and 4
enlarged and confluent, spot 5 and 6 generally conjoined to an enlarged almost round spot. The red diffuses
chiefly along the media from the confluent spots 3 and 4 towards 5 and 6. Besides Spot 1 and 2 are generally

confluens. united with 3 and 4 by red rays running chiefly along the veins. The ab. confluens Bgff. has all spots enlarged
extrema, and conjoined by bold longitudinal streaks, being more rare than the frequent splendida; the ab. extrema Reiss
(Hohenneuffen) has completely red forewings, only quite a narrow black margin is left on outer margin, apex
burgeffensis. black. — The hybrid illustrated by Burgeff, elegans X jurassicola is denominated with burgeffensis Reiss.

The larva is larger than that of jurassicola, that occurs in the same localities. It is similarly marked
to same with distinct black dorsal stripe, that can be absent in jurassicola. The hairs are shorter, about half
as long as in the jurassicola larva taken for comparison. Food plants are firstly Coronilla montana Scop, and
secondly Coronilla varia L. Coccoon similar to jurassicola but larger. The insect is very alert and shy and flies
already in June at Geislingen and at the beginning of July at the Hohenneuffen. It sits by preference upon the
flower heads of Ligustrum vulgare.

angelicae. Z. angelicae 0. in Vol. 2, p. 22 and p. 442, plate 5 a, (= latipennis H.-Schdff.) from East Prussia

(Osterode), Saxony, Bavaria westwards to the Isar, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Poland, the northern Balkans
to the greek frontier. Inspite of particulars to the contrary from Oberthur and Vorbrodt angelicae does not
appear to me to be definitely known to occur in Switzerland. Ochsenheimer mentions the localities of Dresden
and Vienna and these represent the type race. I have not yet seen specimens from Dresden, but they are not
likely to vary from the bohemian and austrian form. Besides the aberrations mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 22, the
cingulata. following occur: ab. cingulata Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 442); ab. subdivisa Std. with spot 4 distinctly divided into 2
subdivisa. sp0ts. The name carnea Dziurz. is withdrawn. The ab. doleschalli RvM (Vol. 2. p. 22) from the Carst is
illustrated on plate 4 h.

isaria. The races to be mentioned are : var. isaria Bgff. so far the most western race from the Pupplinger-Au near

Wolfiatshausen, in the Isar valley and from Deisenhofen, S.E. of Munich. They are smaller, of opaque black
with a regular green gloss in the $$ and with almost pure carmine rose spots and hindwings. Only in a few
individual specimens there is a trace of vermilion in the red. Colours are all dull, scaling not very dense.
Varying from the normal larvae feed on Hippocrepis comosa in pine forests. — Then we have var. transcar-
herzego- pathina Hormuz. (Vol. 2, p. 22) from the Bukowina, The subsp. herzegowinensis Reiss (= balcani Bgff.)
winensis. (4 pj from the Herzegowina (Type race from Ubli), Bosnia (Koricna) and Macedonia (near Hudowa) is darker
and with wider margination of hindwings and more heavily haired. On the underside the red spots are no
longer enveloped in a wide red cloud, but especially in the A3 they are conjoined by a narrow red band. Ihe
A A with blue and partly green gloss, the $$ faintly blue or heavily green glossy. Specimens from Bosnia and
Herzegowina are larger than the type race of angelicae. The type is illustrated.

In the valley of the Danube around Regensburg (as Type race), I pper Palatinate, franconian Jura,

rhatis- the valley of the Maine down to Gambach, we find subsp. rhatisbonensis Bgff. (= angelicae Hbn.) (4 i). Smaller

bonensis. than the former purely 5 spotted races, six-spotted. The specimens illustrated are from Regensburg. I he

pseudo - five-spotted form pseudoangelicae Reiss occurs fairly frequently; the ab. elegantoides Reiss has the same

angelicae. formation of spots as elegans Bgff. with spot 6 widely attached to spot 5, forming an open angle towards the
elegantoides.

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

43

apex. — The hybrid from the crossing between angelicae subsp. rhatisbonensis $ and transalpina v. jurassicola $
was bred by Przegendza and named angelicojurassica.

The larva feeds on Lotus corniculatus L. and Coronilla varia L.

Z. ephialtes L. in Vol. 2, p. 23/24 and p. 442/443, (= falcatae Hbn.) from central and S.E. Europe
(westwards to the Pyrenees), Balkans. Great difficulties are encountered in establishing races of this species.
The polymorphism of the species, which is purely due to a combination of factors, obscures homogeneousness
of local races in the formation of larger geographic groups. I mention the forms under which ephialtes can
occur, as aberrations and then the races so far known without enumerating the forms. Besides the forms
mentioned in Vol. 2 the following are named: ab. herrichschaefferi Bgff. (= ephialtes H.-Schaff., costaflava-
bipuncta Le Charles, trans. diffusa) from Martigny-Ville, Valais. It has a 6th spot indicated in the hindwings
that may be white or red and is situated below the white spot 5, which is always present; ab. wullschlegeli
Oberth. from Martigny-Ville (Vol. 2, p. 443) (4 i), illustration according to Oberthur; ab. rubricauda Bgff. $
with completely red anal clasp (Chwalynsk, Province Saratov); ab. diffusa Bgff. (Trautenau and Leipa in
Bohemia, Martigny-Ville) with spots of forewings extending diffusedly; ab. atritella Hirschke (Herculesbad) :
spot 3 of forewings absent ( trigonellae form); ab. ephialtoides Reiss (Gera) the ephialtes form in mainly peuce-
danoid races; ab. extrema Reiss (Magdeburg) with brighter red, forewings with spot area liberally dusted
over with red, also the abdomen almost to the tip; ab. tricingulata Holik (Karlstein, Bohemia) with red
abdominal belt on 3 segments; ab. nigroicterica Holik (Prague), the yellow gunneri', ab. nigroaeacus Bgff., the
yellow metzgeri ; ab. pseudoeoronillae Holik (Prague) six or five-spotted orange yellow ephialtoid form and ab.
acingulata Francke. (Wiesenstein, Saxony) without red abdominal belt. The names scheveni Oberth., esperi
Oberth., pallida Oberth., adalberti Oberth. and pallens Oberth., all in Vol. 2, p. 442/443 are withdrawn. Instead
of bahri Hirschke (Vol. 2, p. 24) ab. flavobipuncta Favre is to be placed. The denomination ab. peucedani Esp.
is only applicable to pronouncedly ephialtoid races. As a type race, the eastern race can be taken, which occurs
principally in lower Austria and Hungary, especially in the forms trigonellae and coronillae.

The var. borealis Bgff. is the race from the north German lowlands (Magdeburg, Berlin) and the German
Central mountains. It is found almost exclusively in the peucedanoid form with six deep coloured, almost
carmine red spots. The white scaling even in spot 4 is almost always absent. Very rarely but nevertheless
repeatedly found in the ab. ephialtoides Reiss', ab. athamanthae Esp. is not particularly frequent. — From central
Bohemia (Karlstein) var. bohemia Reiss (4 i) has been nominated. This race, like the previous one, is most
frequently found in the six-spotted peucedanoid form. Slightly smaller than borealis, spot 6 is strikingly
reversional, often only minute, rarely quite absent, spot 4 is remarkably large and generally with white scales,
also spots 3 and 5 often have white scales. Hindwings generally with wider black margins than borealis. In
most specimens the red has a slight touch of yellowish. The race is extremely polymorphous, all forms occur
with every kind of intermediary transition. The forms coronillae and trigonellae occur more rarely. The specimens
of bohemia illustrated are the types. On plate 4 i and k we have illustrated the forms prinzi, aeacus, icterica,
aurantiaca, metzgeri, gunneri and herrichschdfferi of the typical bohemia from Karlstein. — The var. styria Bgff.
(4 1) from Upper Styria (surroundings of Thorl), Wachau is of very large build. The body is small in comparison
with the very wide wings. Spot 6 is almost always absent. The red and yellow ephialtoid forms do not seem
to occur in this race. The colouration is influenced by the considerable white admixture of the spots of forewings
and the red thereby inclines to yellow. In more weakly developed specimens a more or less pronounced orange
tinge occurs in hindwings. Melanie specimens are not rare in which the already very wide black margin of
hindwings covers almost the whole space, only the place of spot 5 is left open. A $ from the collection of
Burgeff is illustrated.

The var. valesiaca Bgff. (4 1) occurs in the Rhone Valley, in the Valais (Martigny-Ville) and is represented
in many collections owing to the activities of Mr. Wtjllschlegel. It occurs chiefly in red ephialtoid forms.
The forms coronillae, trigonellae, as well as especially peucedani and athamanthae occur very rarely. The chief
characteristic of this race is its variability, through which it differs considerably from the type race. The red
dusting of the normal white forewing spots is unusually heavy. The ab. sophiae Favre (Vol. 2, p. 24) (4 1) with
a second spot, that is always white on hindwings and that corresponds to the 4th forewing spot is not exactly
rare here. The illustrated $ of valesiaca from Martigny-Ville is from the collection of Burgeff, the illustrated 0
of sophiae from the same locality is from my collection.

The var. albaflavens Vrty. (4 1) (= meridionalis Bgff., praeocc.; meridiei Bgff.) from the Etsch and
Eisack valleys in the South Tyrol is typical there and occurs also in mid-Italy and the Balkan Peninsular, seems
to be related to styria , although it almost always occurs in the trigonellae form. In regard to general appearance
(size and wing contour) it is very similar to it. The sixth spot is sometimes indicated. A quite constant
characteristic consists in the faint yellow colouration of the 2nd spot, that sometimes appears almost white.
Illustration according to a specimen from Bolzano in my collection.

angelico¬

jurassica.

ephialtes.

herrich¬

schdfferi.

wullschle¬

geli.

rubricauda.

diffusa.

atritella.

ephialtoides.

extrema.

tricingulata.

nigroic¬
terica.
nigroaeacus.
pseudo-
coronillae .
acingulata.
flavo¬
bipuncta.

borealis.

bohemia.

styria.

valesiaca.

albaflavens.

44

ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

araratica.

dorycnii.

quinque-
macula.
crocea.
wagneriana .

sextarubra .
rubrimacu-
la.

Crimea.

johannac.

turbeti.

The ephialtes larva feeds on C'oronilla varia L. and in the South Tyrol besides also on Coronilla emerus
L. A cross-breeding of albaflavens (Bolzano) X borealis (Magdeburg) produced half in the medusa form and half
in the athamanthae form.

Z. araratica Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 24. plate 5 k) from Ararat in Armenia is at present mentioned as a species.

Z. dorycnii O. (Vol. 2, plate 5 d) from the Urals, Taurus, Armenia, Caucasus, North Persia. To the
description of the type race from Russia (the Urals?) has to be added: Antennae and legs unicoloured blue-
black. Forewings steel-green with violet brown fringes and 6 vivid red small spots. The spots are confluent
on underside. Hindwings vivid red. Margin blue-black, narrower in the $ than in the <$■ As an aberration
ab. quinquemacula Bgjf. is mentioned, without the 6th spot; further the form crocea Schultz (Vol. 2, p. 442). —
The var. wagneriana Reiss from Sultan Dagli near Ak-Shehir is generally smaller than typical dorycnii and has
considerably fainter blue gloss (instead of green gloss) on forewings. Ail fore wings spots are red, but generally
smaller than in dorycnii, especially in the <$. The black margin to hindwings is occasionally very wide. — From
Hadjin in the Taurus (as type) and from Erivan in Russian Armenia we have subsp. senescens Stgr. (Vol. 2,
p. 23, plate 5 e). It is larger and with narrower wings than typical dorycnii. Spots 4 and 5 in dark specimens
occur in the form of vertical streaks. Hindwings with wider black margins with a larger bulge. Spots reddish
white, in worn specimens, white. Specimens with a red sixth spot from the Taurus are ab. sextarubra Bgjf. and
those with entirely red spots from Erivan are ab. rubrimacula Bgff. The var. Crimea (Bang-Haas i. 1.) Bgff.
(4 1) from Kertch in the Taurus .is of half size with wide wings and very brightly coloured, with narrow margins
to hindwings and roundish spots. The specimen illustrated is from the collection of Bgrgeff.

Z. joharsnae Le Cerf from Morocco (Great Atlas), Jebel Tachdirt, 3000 — 3200 m: head black, palpi
ochre-yellow; antennae blue-black, slightly clavate, truncate at tip. Collar and scapulae ochre-yellow; abdomen
blue-black on top with scarlet red belt over 3 segments, tip ochre-yellow as also is the underside of abdomen
and legs. Forewings are densely scaled, glossy green with 6 ochre-yellow spots. Spots 1 and 2 are oval, quite
sejiarate, 3, 4 and 5 are rounded off, forming a triangle. Spot 6 is in the shape of a narrow band, spot 2 is
conjoined with spot 4. Underside with sparse scaling, spots enlarged and somewhat diffuse. Hindwings are
scarlet with a wider black margin from apex to inner margin and narrowly margined with black at inner
margin. The B illustrated is a cotype from the National Natural History Museum in Paris. — The subsp.
turbeti Le Cerf (4 m) discovered on 1st July 1929 in Morocco (Middle Atlas), ich Bou Naceur, 3300 — 3400 m,
is also illustrated from a q cotype from the National Natural History Museum in Paris. It has a faint bluish
sheen on forewings, the red is brighter, more carmine red. The spots of forewings are more yellow white, spot
1 on costa carmine red, spot 2 with a few carmine red scales, the round spots 3, 4 and 5 standing in triangle
formation have fairly large carmine red dots in the middle, so that the yellow of the spots looks like a circum¬
scription, spot 6 also has similarly a narrow carmine red stripe. On underside the carmine red represses the
yellow of the spots much more strongly than on upperside. The hindwings are slightly more widely margined
with blue black. Underside of abdomen and tip of same shaded with blue black. Legs somewhat darker.

Alphabetical List

of all palaearctic Zygaenidae mentioned in Supplement Vol. 2. Index and reference of original descriptions.

* signifies that the form is also illustrated at the place quoted.

abbastumana Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. Gfuben 1921, p. 176.
abruzzina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. E. Ges. 1926, p. 25.
absoluta Z. Dann. Lep. Rundsch. Wien 1927, p. 47.
aclialcea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. E. Ges. 1926, p. 70.
acliillalpina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. E. Ges. 1926, p. 34.
aeingulata Z. Francke. Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 1920, p. 4.
aetae Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 12.
acticola Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 39.
adanensis Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. Guben 1928/29, p. 357.
adriatica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 29.
adumbrata Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 22.
adusta Allopr. Braes. Iris 1926, p. 44.

aestiva (orion) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 60. *
aestiva (zuleima) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 45. *
aestivalis Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1910, p. 642.
aestivoprovincialis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 82.

alba (onobrychis) Z. Dziurz. Jahresber. Wien. E. V. 1906,

p. 88. *

alba (scovitzii) Z. Dziurz. Berl. E. Z. 1908, p. 13.
albaflavens Z. Vrty. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1920, p. 39.
albana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 78.
albanica Procr. Naufock. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien 1924, p. 126. *
albicincta Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 63. *
albipes Z. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1916, p. 289.
albovittata (azurea) Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 161.
albovittata (stygia) Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 161.
alfacarensis Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. Guben 1921/22, p. 176.
algarvensis Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 52.
algecirensis Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. Guben 1927, p. 290.
algirica Procr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1917, p. 345.
allgaviana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 82.
alluaudi Z. Oberth. L£p. Comp. 1922, p. 159. *

Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Zygaenidae.

45

alpestris Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 47. *
alpina Z. Bsd. leones 1834, p. 65. *
alpinoides Z. Beiss. Int. Ent. Z. Guben 1922/23, p. 83.
alpiummicans Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 102.
alpiumnana Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 73. *
alia Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. Guben 1921/22, p. 21.
altissima Z. Bgjf. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 51. *
altitudinaria Z. Trti. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1910, p. 161.
amabilis Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. Guben 1921/22, p. 21.
amanda Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. Guben 1921/22, p. 20.
amoena (dulcis) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 60.
amoena (valesiae) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 51.
amplomaculata (gigantea) Z. Rood. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 4,
p. 167, 1926.

amplomaculata (pinguis) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. XXV, p. 221,
1915.

amplomarginata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1916, p. 27.
analiconjuncta (neapolitana) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1926, p. 22.

analiconjuncta (romeo) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926.

p. 20. '

analiinterrupta (ephemerina) Z. Vorbr. Butterflies of Switzer¬
land 1913, p. 253.

analiinterrupta (validior) Z. Vorbr. Butterflies of Switzerland
1913, p. 253.

anatolica Procr. Naufock. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1929,
Nr. 2—4.

anatolica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 37.
anatoliensis Z. Reiss.. Int. E. Z. Guben 1929, p. 148.
anceps Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 551.
andalusiae Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 53.
angelicaeformis Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 109.
angelicojurassica Z. Przeg. (hybr.) Ent. Z. Frankf. 40, p. 296,
1926. *

angloitalica Z. Tutt (hybr.) Brit. Lep. V, p. 37, 1906.
angustifasciata Agal. M. Bering. Arch. f. Nat.-Gesch. 1922,
p. 46.

annulata (eollina) Z. Trti. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1910. p. 161.
annulata (sorrentina) Z. Trti. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1910,

p. 161.

anodolitia Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. 1929, p. 152.
anthrax Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1921. p. 54.
anticeconjuncta Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 77.
aomoriensis Ill. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. Hokkaido 1927, p. 77.
apennina (hedysari) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 50.

apennina (livornita) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 59.

apennina Z. Trti. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1884, p. 71.
apennina (florentina) Z. Vrty. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1920,
p. 40.

apenninica Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1921, p. 34.
apfelbecki Z. Rbl. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien 1910, p. 4. *
aphrodisia Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 43.
apiceconjuncta Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 74.
apicefusca Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1918, p. 142.
arctica Z. Schneider. Tromso Mus. Aarsheft III, 1880, p. 85.
asiatica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 19.
aspera Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 33.
aterrima Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 128.
athicaria Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 79.
atritella Z. Hirschke. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien 1910, p. 416.
augsburga Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 86.
aurata Z. Black. Bull. Soc. Ent. Prance 1905, p. 213.
aureoviridis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 28.
australis Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 492.
autumnalis (fortunata) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,
p. 53. *

autumnalis (limitans) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 46.

autumnalis (ochsenheimeri) Z. Bqff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1921, p. 52.

autumnalis Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. 1914, p. 46.
autumnalis Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1919, p. 65. *
autumnalis (altitudinaria) Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915,
p. 76.

autumnalis (pauperetincta) Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915,
p. 73.

azona (carmencita) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1927, p. 289.
azona (trimaculata) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1927, p. 289.
azona (variabilis) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1927, p. 289.
azona Z. Wgn. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 1919, p. 182.
azurea Procr. Vorbr. Butterflies of Switzerland 2, p. 248, 1914.
azurea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 60. *

balcanica Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. Guben 1921/22, p. 175.

banghaasi Z. Bgff. Horae Macrolep. I, 1927, p. 56. *

barcelonensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921/22, p. 175.

barcina Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 161.

barthai Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 148.

bavarica Z. Bgff. (hybr.). Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 61.

beraunensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922/23, p. 84.

bercei Z. Sand. Cat. Lep. Auv. 1879, p. 23.

berolinensis Z. Stgr. Cat. Lep. ed. II 1871, p. 49.

bethunei Z. Romei. Ent. Rec. 1927, p. 107.

bicolor Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. Ill, 1909. *

biconjuncta Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 74.

biguttata (gigantea) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 4.

biguttata (italica) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1918, p. 146. *

bipuncta Z. Std. Ent. Zt. 1929, p. 132.

blachieri Z. Dziurz. Jahresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. 1906, p. 85. *
boliatscki Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 225.
bohemia Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922/23, p. 83.
boica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 80.
bongerti Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1914, p. 158.
borealis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 68.
borreyi Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1922, p. 157. *
bosniaca Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 43. *
bosniensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921/22, p. 180.
brevicornibus Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 61. *
brunnea (fausta) Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1909/10, p. 621. *
brunnea (tristis) Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 464.
brunnea (pinguis) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1916, p. 14.
brunneata Z. Przeg. Ent. Z. 40, p. 345, 1926. *
brussensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 22, 1928/29, p.357.
burgeffensis Z. Reiss, (hybr.). Int. Ent. Z. 21, p. 289, 1927.
burgeffi Z. Przeg. (hybr.). Ent. Z. 40, p. 296, 1926. *
burgefliana Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 32. *

cadillaci Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1922, p. 158. *
caerulescens Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 493.
calabra Z. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1917, p. 223.
Calabria Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 338.
calberlai Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 23.
Candida Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 61.
canuta (incerta) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 225.
canuta (roccii) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 225.
carbuncula Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 41.
carmencita Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 457.
carsica Z. Rocci. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1926, p. 67.
castellana Z. Std. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 79.
cataloniae Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921/22. p. 39.
catalonica Z. Sag. Trab. Mus. Barcelona 1924, p. 18.
caucasi Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 19.
cecilia Et. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 20, p. 210, 1923. *
centralis Z. Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1907, p. 40.
centralitaliae Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 70. *
centricataloniae Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 82.
centripuncta Z. Tutt. Brit. Lep. I 1899, p. 468.
centripunctata Z. Std. N. Beitr. Syst. Ins.-K. 1921, p. 30.
centripyrenaea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 82.
ceriana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 28.
chaos Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 15.
charon Z. Hbn. Sarnmlg. Sph. I. 1796. *
cilicica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 65.
cingulata (aligaviana) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,

p. 82.

cingulata (athicaria) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,
p. 63.

cingulata (berolinensis) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914
p. 59.

cingulata (calberlai) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,

p. 60.

cingulata (carniolica) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 38.
cingulata (dystrepta) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914.
p. 46. *

cingulata (elegans) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1913,

p. 82.

cingulata (hedysari) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 50.

cingulata (hippocrepidis) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,
p. 65.

cingulata (jurassicola) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,
p. 65.

cingulata (livornica) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 43.
cingulata (purpuralis) Z. Bgff. Int. Ent. Z. 1906, p. 153.
cingulata (quercina) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 45.

cingulata (angelicae) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 12, 28.

46

Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Zygaenidae.

cingulata (roccii) Z. Dziurz. Jahresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. 1903,
p. 54. *

cingulata (rosacea) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 13.
cingulata (anatoliensis) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 148.
cingulata (erythrus) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1920, p. 115.
cingulata (jucuncla) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922/23, p. 84.
cingulata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1921, p. 41.
cingulata Z. Shelj. Revue Russe 1907, p. 234.
cingulata (altitudinaria) Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1923, p. 44.
cingulata (calabria) Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 338.
cingulata (sardoa) Z. Trti. Nat. Sizil. 1919, p. 40.
cingulata (silaecola) Z. Trti. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1923, p. 118.
cingulata Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 73.
circumscripta Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1919, p. 175.
citrina Z. Obertli. Lep. Comp. 1910, p. 424.
citrina Z. Speyer. Stett. Ent. Z. 1887. p. 334.
clavigera Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Gres. 1914, p. 44. *
eolligata Z. Trti. Nat. Sizil. 1919, p. 40.
collina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 77.
confluens (armena) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 38.

confluens (carniolica) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 81.
confluens (dulcis) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 43.
confluens (ehnbergi) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 49.
confluens (elegans) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 83.

confluens (laphria) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,

p. 61 .

confluens (modesta) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 40.
confluens (pusztae) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 27.

confluens (triptolemus) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 24.
confluens (valesiae) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 52.

confluens (veronicae) Z. Bgff. Int. E. Z. 1906, p. 154. *
confluens (ganymedes) Z. Dziurz. Berl. E. Z. 1908, p. 52.
confluens (graslini) Z. Dziurz. Iris 1902, p. 337.
confluens (olivieri) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 52.
confluens (onobrychis) Z. Dziurz. Jahresber. Wien. E. V. 1906,

p. 88.

confluens (scovitzii) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 13.

confluens (zuleima) Z. Dziurz. Int. Ent. Z. 1906, p. 185.

confluens (palustris) Z. Obertli. L6p. Comp. 1909/10, p. 503. *

confluens (pulchrior) Z. Obertli. Et. Ent. 1896, p. 45. *

confluens (Corsica) Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. 1920, p. 116.

confluens (silvestri) Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. 1928/29, p. 358.

confluens Z. Shelf. Revue Russe 1910, p. 383.

confluens Z. Spul. Europ. Schm. II, p. 154.

confluens Z. Trti. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1923, p. 118.

confluens Z. Tutt. Brit. Lep. I. 1899, p. 456.

confluens Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 160.

confluens Z. Vorbr. Butterflies of Switzerland 1913, p. 273.

conjuncta Z. Car. Iris 1893, p. 192.

conjuncta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1912, p. 4.

conjuncta Z. Spul. Europ. Schmett. II, p. 163, 1910.

contristans Z. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 1922, p. 158. *

coreana Ill. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 1927, p. 77. *

corsicoides Z. Std. Ztschr. wiss. Ins. Biol. 1915, p. 137.

corsioides Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 39.

Crimea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 86.

crocea Z. Schultz. Soc. Ent. 1906, p. 170.

crymaea Z. Std. Ent. Anz. Wien. 1925, p. 86.

euloti Et. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 314.

cuneata Z. Tutt. Brit. Lep. I, 1899, p. 468.

cuprea Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 219.

cuprea Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 338.

curvata Z. Bgff. Mitt, Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 17.

cynaraeformis Z. Shelj. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1924, p. 29.

cynaroides Z. Rocci. Atti. Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 123.

dacica Z. Car. Iris 1893, p. 192.
dealbata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 226.
deannulata (turatii) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 125.
deannulata (waltharii) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 124.
decollata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 115.
decora Z. Std. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 79.
decreta Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 57. *
depauperata Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 68.
depauperata (altitudinaria) Z. Costantini. Atti Soc. Nat.
Modena 1916, p. 29.

depauperata (pseudointermedia) Z. Costantini. Atti Soc. Nat.
Modena 1916, p. 29.

depauperata (litorea) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1916, p. 18.
depauperata (pinguis) Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1916, p. 14.

depauperata (collina) Z. Trti. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1910,

p. 162.

depauperata (roccii) Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 338.

depravata Z. Sag. Butl. Inst. Catal. (2) 5, p. 272, 1925.

depuncta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 3.

dichroma Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 225.

diffusa Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 66. *

diffusa Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 5.

dilata Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 15.

diluviicola Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 54.

dinioides Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 53.

dissoluta Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 41.

distinctus Ill. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 1928, p. 415. *

divisa (matrana) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926. p. 18.

divisa (scabiosae) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 17.

divisa (validior) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 17.

divisa Z. Reiss. Int. E. Z. 1921, p. 118.

divisa Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1912, p. 3.

dojranica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 13.

draesekei Allopr. M. Hering. Stett. Ent. Z. 1925, p. 84.

drastiehi Z. Hirschke. Jahresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. 1905, p. 95.

dubernardi Et. Obertli. Bull. Soc. Ent. Prance 1910, p. 315.

dubia Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1909/10, p. 542. *

dubia Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 220.

dubia Z. Seitz. Seitz Macrolep. 2, 1910. *

dulcis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 60.

duponcheli Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 124.

duponcheliana Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 495.

duponcheliella Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 59.

duponti Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1921, p. 41.

dupuyi (amasina) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 59.

dupuyi (carniolica) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 49.

dupuyi (onobrychis) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 45.

dupuyi (roccii) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 54.

dupuyi (diniensis) Z. Oberth. Ldp. Comp. 1909/10, p. 632. *

dupuyi (fortunata) Z. Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. Prance 1907, p. 45.

dystreptoides Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 148.

elegans Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1913, p. 82. *
elegantoides Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922/23, p. 67.
eleonora Herpa Oberth. L4p. Comp. 20, p. 208, 1923. *
elongatissima Herpa Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Prance 1910, p. 314.
emendata Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 76.
endoxantha Ps. Piing. Iris 1914, p. 52. *
eos Z. Sterzl. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1924, p. 15.
ephemerina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 20.
ephialtoides Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922/23, p. 83.
eradiata Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 40.
erebaea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 15.
erythraeformis Z. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. Prance 1916, p. 289.
erythrosoma Z. Rbber. Ent. Nachr. 1897, p. 272.
erythrusoides Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1918, p. 142.
escheri Z. Stdfss. (hybr.). Handbuch II. Aufl., p. 55, 1896. *
espunnensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921/22, p. 176.
etruriae Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 70.
etrusca Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 125.
eulalia Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 63.
eupyrenaea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 20.
europaea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 61.
examaculata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1918, p. 146.
exarcuata (aphrodisia) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 43.

exarcuata (ononidis) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 43.

excelsa Z. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1917, p. 340.
exilioides Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 24.
extrema (borealis) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1927, p. 289.
extrema (elegans) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1923, p. 6.
extrema (vandalitia) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921/22, p. 180.
extrema Z. Tutt. Brit. Lep. I, 1899, p. 485.

faitensis Z. Std. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 30.
falleri Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 180.
farriolsi Z. Sag. Butl. Inst. Catal. (2) 5, p. 273, 1925.
fimbriata Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 63.
fiorii Z. Costantini. Atti Soc. Nat. Modena 1916, V, III.
flammula Z. Bgff. (hybr.). Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 66. *
flava (hippocrepidis) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 71.
flava (meliloti) Z. Bgff. Int. Ent. Z. 1906, p. 162.
flava (stoechadis) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 56.
flava (tutti) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926 p. 53.
flava (acliilleae) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908. *
flava (scabiosae) Z. Dziurz. Jahresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. Ill,
1903. *

Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Zygaenidae.

47

flava (tianschanica) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 12.

flava Z . Hebsacker. Ent. Z. 1914, p. 49.

flava Z. Kaufmann. Ent. Z. 1909, p. 121.

flava (alpina) Z. Oberth. L£p. Comp. 1909. *

flava (centralis) Z. Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 41.

flava (duponcheli) Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 536.

flava (miniacea Z. Oberth. Et. Ent. 1896. *

flava (rhadamanthus) Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 587. *

flava Z. Rothseh. Nov. Zool. 1917, p. 336.

flava Z. Sicher. .Tahresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. 1905, p. 91. *

flava Z. Spul. Schm. Europ. II, p. 161, 1910.

flaveola Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 59. *

flavescens Z. Rothseh. Nov. Zool. 1917, p. 334.

flavescens Z. Trti. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1910, p. 162.

flavilinea Z. Tutt. Tr. Soc. Ent. Bond. 1894, p. 267.

flavinruba Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 81.

flavobipuncta Z. Favre. Fauna Val. Suppl. 1903, p. 9.

flavocincta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 115.

flavogrisea Z. Bgff. Cat. Lep. 1926, p. 21.

flavoinspersa Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 115.

flavopraetexta (jurassina) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.

1926, p. 32.

flavopraetexta (triptolemus) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.

1926, p. 33.

fletckeri Z. Tutt (hybr.). Brit. Lep. V, 1906, p. 36.
florentina Z. Vrty. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1920, p. 40.
fortunata Z. Rmb. Cat. Syst. 1858, p. 171.
foulquieri Z. Oberth. Lfip. Comp. 1910, p. 603. *
fraction! gulata Z. Rothseh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1925, p. 679.
fractimacula Z. iSagr. 'Butl. Inst. Catal. (2) 5, p. 274. 1925-
fujisana Ill. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 1927, p. 78.
funerea Z. Cornelsen. Int. Ent. Z. 1922/23, p. 213.

galliae Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1910, p. 602.

garibaldina Z. Std. Iris 1922, p. 43.

gemma Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 61. *

genevensis Z. Mill. Icon. I, 1861, p. 237. *

georgiae Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 174.

germanica Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 76.

giesekingiana Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 9. *

gigantea Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1913, p. 4.

giussana Z. Std. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 79.

glaciei Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 73. *

glycirrhizae Z. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 1910, p. 495.

gottscheema Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 50.

gradiscana Z. Std. Soc. Ent. 1922, p. 46.

gramaimi Z. Std- Z. wiss. Ins. Biol. 1915, p. 135.

grisea Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1910, p. 587. *

grisescens Z. Bgff. Int. Ent. Z. 1906, p. 154.

grossmanni Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 43.

gueneei (grisea) Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1909. *

gueneei (rhadamanthus) Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 587.

gurda Z. Led. Wien. Ent. Monatsschr. V, 1861, p. 152. *

hades Z. Metschl. Int. E. Z. 1925, ,p. 27.
harterti Z. Rothseh. Bull. Soc. Maroc. 5, p. 338, 1925.
hassica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 17.
hedysaroides Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 337.
hellena Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 14.
heringi Ill. Braes. Iris 1926, p. 45.

herrichschafferi Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 66. *

herzegowinea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 50.

herzegowinensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 66.

hibera Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 9. *

hiberuncula Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 10. *

hilfi Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 176.

himmighofeni Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 69.

hippocrepidis Z. Him. Sammlg. Sph. I, 1799. *

hispana Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 31.

hispanica Z. Rmb. Cat. Syst. 1858, p. 167.

histria Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 49.

huebneri Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 65.

humilis Z. Rocci. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1926, p. 71.

impar Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1913, p. 4.
incendium Z. Oberth. L£p. Comp. 1909/10, p. 513. *
incerta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 226.
incisa Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 34.
ingens Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 14.
inopinata Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 40.
insulicola Z. Std. Lep. Rundsch. Wien 2, p. 77, 1928.
interjacens Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 74.
intermedia Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 338.
intermedia Z. Tutt (hybr.). Brit. Lep. V, 1906, p. 36.

intermixta Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1925, p. 76.
interposita Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 60.
intricata Z. Sag. Butl. Inst. Catal. (2) 5, p.272, 1925.
inversa (aphrodisia) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 43.

inversa (centaureae) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 29.

inversa Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 84.

inversa Z. Tutt (hybr.). Brit. Lep. Y, p. 36, 1906.

irpinoides Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 13.

irregularis Z. Std. Iris 1922, p. 43.

isarca Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 32.

isaria Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 85.

itala Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 27.

italoanglica Z. Tutt (hybr.). Brit. Lep. V, p. 37, 1906.

janthina Z. Bsd. Mon. Zyg. 1829, p. 45. *

jezoensis Neopr. Mats. .7. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 1927, p. 75. *

johannae Z. Le Cerf. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1923, p. 224.

jordani Procr. Naufock. Ztschr. ost. Ent. Yer. 1921, p. 63.

judicariaeformis Z. Rocci. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1925, p. 168.

jugi Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 80.

jurae Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 34.

jurassicola Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 82.

jurassina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 31.

jurassoboica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 81.

kareliae Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 69.
kenteina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 19.
kerleri Z. Reiss. Soc. Ent. 1913, p. 76.
kiesenwetteri Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1909. *
kindermanni Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1910, p. 544.
klapalecki Z. Joukl. Ent. Z. 21, p. 92, 1907.
korbi Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 42. *
koricnensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 66.
kriigeri Z. Ragusa. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1924, p. 88.

labasi Agl. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 19, p. 155. *

lacreuzi Et. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1910, p. 315.

lacrymans Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 53. *

laeva Ill. Piing. Iris 1914, p. 53. *

lahayei Z. Oberth. Et. Ent. 1890, p. 24. *

lampadoucke Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 60. *

laphria Z. Frr. Neue Beitr. 1852, p. 135. *

latemarginata Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 36.

laterubra Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 160.

laticincta (mangeri) Z. Bgff. Horae Macrolep. I, p. 55, 1927.

laticincta (onobrychis) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,

p. 60.

laticincta (valesiae) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 51.

laticlavia Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 54. *

laticlavia Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 226.

latina Z. Vrty. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1920, p. 40.

latomarginata Z. Tutt. Brit. Lep. I, p. 468, 1899.

lavanduloides Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1921, p. 35.

ledereri Z. Rmb. Cat. Syst. Andal. 1858, p. 169. *

ledereriana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 61.

leonhardi Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 38.

libani Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 77. *

libanicola Z. Bgff. Horae Macrol. I, p. 55, 1927.

liguris Z. Rocci. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1925, p. 97.

ligustica Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1912, p. 3.

lilliputana Z. Sag. Butl. Inst. Catal. (2) 5, p. 274, 1925.

limitans Z. Rothseh. Nov. Zool. 1917, p. 342.

linnbi Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 66.

litorea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 76.

littoralis Z. Rothseh. Nov. Zool. 1917, p. 336.

livornica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 59.

longicornibus Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 58. *

loniceraeformis Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 74.

lucia Agal. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 20, p. 207. *

lugdunensis Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 3. *

lydia Et. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 20, p. 209. *

macedonica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 37.
macraria Z. Sag. Butl. Inst. Catal. (2) 5, p. 273, 1925.
magnalpina Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 33.
magnaustralis Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 23. *
malatina Z. Dziurz. Iris 1902, p. 337.
mangeri Z. Bgff. Horae Macrolep. I, p. 55, 1927. *
maroccana Z. Rothseh. Nov. Zool. 1917, p. 342.
maroccensis Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 13. *
martinensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1928, p. 358.
matrana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. IS.

48

Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Zygaenidae.

maxiinerubra Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 33.
mediointerrupta Z. Vorbr. Butterflies of Switzerland 1913,
p. 253.

mediounita Z. Bocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1913, p. 4.
inegorion Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 21.
melusina Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 45.

melusina (diniensis) Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1909/10, p. 632. *

melusina (fortunata) Z. Oberth. L£p. Comp. 1909/10, p. 616. *

mendolensis Z. Dann. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 41.

menoetius Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 64.

meteora Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1918, p. 202.

inicroclisenheimeri Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 114.

microphaea Clel. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 275, 1919.

microsaria Z. Sag. Butl. Inst. Catal. (2) 5, p. 274, 1925.

microstoechadis Z. Bocci. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1925, p. 97.

miniacea Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 463.

minima Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1914, p. 608.

minor Z. Ersch. Fedtschenko Turk. Lep., p. 29, 1874. *

minutissima Procr. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 240, 1916. *

mirabilis Z. Vrty. Ent. Bee. 1922, p. 32.

miserrima Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 31.

modesta Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 57. *

moerens Et. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1910, p. 315.

montana Z. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1925, p. 679.

montenegrina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 24.

montivaga Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 73.

murciensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 179.

mystrocera Procr. Piing. Iris 28, p. 52, 1914. *

naryna Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 14.
natolica Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 152.
nigerrima Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1916, p. 30.
nigra (cacuminum) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 47.
nigra (cocandica) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 13.
nigra (italica) Z. Dziurz. Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver. 1906. *
nigra (scovitzii) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 250.
nigra (iberica) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 39.
nigra (purpuralis) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1928, p. 356.
nigra Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 71. *
nigrata Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 28.
nigricans Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 54.
nigricans Z. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1907, p. 220.
nigrina Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 49.
nigroaeacus Z. Bgff. Ent. Z. 35, Nr. 6.
nigrocincta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 6.
nigroicterica Z. Holik. Ztschr. ost. Ent. Ver. 1919, Nr. 10.
nigroinspersa Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 77.
normanna Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 34.
nuratanya Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 62.

oberthiiri Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 12.
oberthiiriana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinchn. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 67.
obscura Procr. Reuss. Int. Ent. Z. 15, p. 6, 1921.
obscura Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 595. *
obscura Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 181.
obsoleta Z. Tutt. Brit. Lep. I, p. 485, 1899.
occidentals Z. Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1907, p. 44.
occidentis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 25.
octonotata (hedysari) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 50.

octonotata (histria) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 49.
octonotata (laterubra) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 39.
octonotata Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 31.
octonotata (calabria) Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 338.
octonotata (roccii) Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 338.
olbiana Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1909/10, p. 496. *
olivacea Z. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1925. p. 680.

onobrychoidea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 50.
opaca Z. Blach. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1908, p. 220.
oranoides Z. Sag. Butl. Inst. Catal. 1925, p. 274.
oraria Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 126.
orientis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 41.
orionides Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 21.
ornata (quercina) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 45.
ornata (scovitzii) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 50. *
ornata Z. Sag. Trab. Mus. Barcelona 1924, p. 19. *
osterodensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 118.
ostlielderi Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 35.

padana Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1921, p. 38.
paeonia Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 61.
pallida Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 83.

I pamira Z. Shelf. Beitr. syst. Ins. Kunde I, p. 130, 1919.

pamirensis Procr. Hmps. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1919, p. 433.
j paradoxa Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 59.

I paraustralis Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 11.

parva Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 116. *

| parvalpina Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 33.

| parviguttata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 4.
j parvimaculata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 5.
j parvimaculata Z. Shelf. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1924, p. 34.

| parvimaculata Z. Vorbr. Butterflies of Switzerland 1913. p. 274.
1 parvipuncta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 115.

paulula Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 89.

I pauper Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 69. *
paupera Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 7. *

| paupera Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1918, p. 147. *

I paupercula Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1918, p. 146. *
pauperetincta Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 70. *

J pauperrima Z. Vorbr. Butterflies of Switzerland 1913. p. 263.
( pedemontana Z. Rocci. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1926, p. 65.
j pekinensis Procr. Draes. Iris 40, p. 44, 1926.

persa Dieida, Strd. Ztschr. f. wiss. Ins. Biol. 7, p. 163, 1911. *
J persica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 15.
peszerensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1928, p. 358.
philippsi Z. Romei. Ent. Rec. 1927, p. 109.
j philomena Camp. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 20, p. 205. *
phlebomelas Z. Std. Iris 1922, p. 43.
pinguis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 76.
pinskensis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 46. *
j placida Z. O. B.-H. Iris 1913, p. 108.
j plusnotata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1921, p. 35.

| plutouia (nubigena) Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 34.

( plutonia (purpuralis) Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 34.
polygalae Z. Esp. Schm. II. *

polygalaeformis Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 71.
j posticebipuncta Z. Std. Iris 1922, p. 42.
j posticeobscurata Z. Vrty. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1920,
p. 39.

posticetripuncta Z. Std. Iris 1922. p. 42.

| powelli (lahayei) Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1911, p. 320. *
j powelli (lavandulae) Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 586.

praeacuta Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 70.

1 praeclara Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 32.
praestans Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1910, p. 637.
prasina Procr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 345, 1917.
preciosa Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1920, p. 117.
privata (altitudinaria) Z. Costant. Atti Soc. Nat. Modena 1916,
p. 29.

privata (pseudointermedia) Z. Costant. Atti Soc. Nat. Modena
1916, p. 29.

privata Z. Shelj. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1924, p. 35.
promunturii Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1921, p. 54.
propinqua Z. Rocci. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1926, p. 72.

I provincialis Z. Oberth. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1907, p. 45.
pseudoachilleae Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 112. *
pseudoalpina Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 83.
pseudoangelieae Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1925, p. 147.
pseudoaustralis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 62.
pseudoaustralis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1928, p. 357.
pseudoazurea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 60.
pseudoberolinensis (carniolica) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent.
Ges. 1926, p. 49.

pseudoberolinensis (hedysari) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1926, p. 50.

pseudoberolinensis (livornica) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1926, p. 59.

pseudoberolinensis (modesta) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1914. p. 58.

pseudoberolinensis (onobrychis) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 44-
pseudoberolinensis (valesiae) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1926, p. 51.

pseudoberolinensis (roccii) Z. Seitz. Seitz Macrolep. 2, 1910. *
pseudocaerulescens Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,

p. 62.

pseudocalabrica Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 68.
pseudocalabrica Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1916, p. 18.
pseudocarniolica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 59.
pseudocarniolica Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 6.
pseudococandica Z. Bgff. Horae Macrolep. I, p. 56, 1927.
pseudoconfusa Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 48.
pseudoconsobrina Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 29.
pseudocontamineoides Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 18.
pseudocoronillae Z. Holik. Ztschr. ost. Ent. Ver. 1919, Nr. 10.
pseudocynarae Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1912, p. 3.

I pseudodisjuncta Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 40.

Publ. 30. VIII. 1931.

Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Zygaenidae.

49

pseudodystrepta Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 18.
pseudoiberica Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 47.
pseudointermedia Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1918, p. 131. *
pseudoitalica Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 50.
pseudolavandulae Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 176.
pseudolig'ustica Z. Roeci. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1926, p. 73.
pseudolitorea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 78.
pseudoxnannerheimi Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 41.

pseudomanni Z. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien 1916, p. 247.
pseudomaritima Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 77.
pseudomaritima Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 221.
pseudomeliloti Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 50.
pseudoinodesta Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 59.
pseudorhadamantlius Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,

p. 60.

pseudorubicundus Z. Std. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 30.
pseudosorrentina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 76.
pseudosorrentina Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 221.
pseudosorrentina Z. Trti. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1910, p. 161.
pseudostaudingeri Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 16.
pseudostentzii Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 48.
pseudostentzii Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 118.
pseudostoechadis Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 56.
pseudostygia Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 60.
pseudotrimaculata Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,
p. 46. *

pseudovanadis Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 14.
pseudowagneri Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1912, p. 4.
pseudowiedemanni Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 59.
pulcherrima Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 90.
pulcherrimaeformis Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 110.
pulchra Z. Krausse. Arch. f. Nat. Gesch. 1915, p. 123.
pulchrior Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 90.
pumila Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 160.
puncta Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 21, p. 289, 1927.
pusztae Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 27.
pygmaeoides Z. Black. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1908, p. 22.
pygmaeoides Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 43.
pyrenaea Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 161.
pyrenaica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 24.
pyrenes Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1921, p. 122.

quadripuncta Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 40.
quercii Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1920, p. 160.
quercina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 45.
quinqueguttata Z. *Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 221.
quinquemacula (dorycnii) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1926, p. 86/

quinquemacula (matrana) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1926, p. 18.

quinquemaculata (barcina) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 28.
quinquemaculata (manni) Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 53.
quinquemaculata (purpuralis) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.
1914, p. 42.

quinquemaculata Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1909/10, p. 595. *
quinquemaculata Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1920, p. 22.
quinquemaculata (pulchrior) Z. Vorir. Butterfl. Switzerl. 1913,
p. 270.

quinquemaculata (teriolensis) Z. Vorir. Butterfl. Switzerl.
1913, p. 261.

quinquepuncta (hispanica) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1927, p. 289.
quinquepuncta (variabilis) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1927, p. 289.

radiatula Z. Std. N. Beitr. Syst. Ins. Kunde 1921, p. 30.
ramburi Z. Led. Wien. Ent. Monatsschr. V, 1861, p. 151. *
reducta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1913, p. 4.
reducta Z. Trti. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1910, p. 161.
rehfousi Psaphis. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1910, p. 315.
reissi Z. Std. Iris 1922, p. 43.
reissiana Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 8.
restricta Z. Std. Ztschr. wiss. Ins. Biol. 1915, p. 71.
reverdini Pid. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Prance 1910, p. 314.
reversa Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 52. *
rhaetica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 63.
rhaetieola Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 50.
rhatisbonensis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 66.
rhenana Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 84.
rhingauiana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 31.
rocciana Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 8. *
roc.cii Z. Vrty. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1920, p. 42.
romana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 21.
romeiformis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 20.
rosa Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1909/10, p. 565. *

Supplementary Volume 2

rosalis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 14.
roseopicta Z. Trti. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1910, p. 162.
rothschildi Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 22. *
rothscliildiana Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 26.
rubefacta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1916, p. 30.
ruberrima (laterubra) Z. Std. Iris 1922, p. 43.
ruberrima (oxytropis) Z. Std. Z. wiss. Ins. Biol. 1915, p. 137
rubescens (hippocrepidis) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges.

1926, p. 81.

rubescens (laterubra) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. .1 926, p. 39 .
rubescens (scovitzii) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914,

p. 51. *

rubescens (trifolii) Z. Bgff. Int. Ent. Z. 1906, p. 162.
rubra Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 126.
rubrescens Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 84.
rubrianata (brizae) Z. Bgff. Int. Ent. Z. 1906, p. 154.
rubrianata (dojranica) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926.

p. 13.

rubrianata (purpuralis) Z. Bgff. Int. Ent. Z. 1906, p. 153.
rubricauda Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 66.

rubricollis Z. limps. Journ. Bombay Soc. 1900, p. 224.
rubricosta Z. Trti. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1923, p. 118.
rubrimacula Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 86.
rubrior (hispanica) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 21, p. 289, 1927.
rubrior (variabilis) Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 21, p. 289, 1927.
rubrofimbriata Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 35.
rubrotecta (purpuralis) Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 31.
rubrotecta (rocciana) Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1922, p. 31.
rubrotlioracalis Z. Std. Soc. Ent. 1922, p. 46.
rueckbeili Z. Shelj. N. Beitr. system. Ins. -Kunde I, 1919,

p. 130.

ruficostata Z. Holt. Bull. Afrique du Nord, 1912, p. 117.
rusicadica Z. Std. Z. f. wiss. Ins. Biol. 1914, p. 173. *

sachalinensis Art. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 77, 1927.
sagarrai Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 25.
sajana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 25.
scabiosaeformis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 21.
scabiosaeformis Z. Le Charles. Encycl. Ent. Ill, 1926/27, p. 152.*
scopjina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 61.
secundogenita Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 23. *
securigera Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 52.
seeboldi Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1910, p. 543.
senilis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 48. *
septemaculata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 4.
sexmacula (sorrentina) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 34.
sexmacula (wagneri) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 22.
sexmaeulata Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 62.
sexmaculata Z. Oberth. Et. Ent. 1896, p. 48. *
sexmaeulata Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1920, p. 22.
sexmaculata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 221.
sexpunctata Z. Tutt. Brit. Lep. I, p. 455, 1899.
sextarubra Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 86.
sibyllina Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 77.
siciliana Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 39.
siciiiensis Z. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1917, p. 222.
siepii Z. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1909/10, p. 585. *
silaecola Z. Vrty. Soc. Ent. Ital. Genova 1930, p. 22.
silana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 63. *
silenus Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 64.
silvestri Z. Romei. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1927, p. 280.
sorrentinaeformis Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1918. *
splendida Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1920, p. 22.
splugena Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 80.
stentzii Z. Frr. Neue Beitr. Ill, 1839. *
stettina. Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 65.
stettinensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1922, p. 66.
stoechadina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 66.
stoechadioides Z. Std. Iris 1914, p. 16.
stoechadoides Z. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 1913, p. 338.
striata Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges 1914, p. 45.
striata Z. Tutt. Ent. Rec. 1897, p. 276.
stygia Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 60. *
styria Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 68.
suavis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 62.
subcaerulea Z. Mill. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 1886, p. 7.
subdivisa Z. Std. Ent. Anz. Wien 1922, p. 102.
subochracea Z. White. Ent. Mo. Mag. 1871, p. 174.
subsyracusiae Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 25. *
suevica Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1920, p. 117.
sugitanii Et. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 1927, p. 83. *
syriaca del. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 26, p. 275, 1919.
syriaca Z. Oberth. Et. Ent. 1896, p. 46. *

50

Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Zygaenidae.

tauriana Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 58.
taurinensis Z. Rocci. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1926, p. 67.
tenuelimbata Z. Romei. Ent. Rec. 39, p. 108, 1927.
tenuicurva Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 18.
tenuissima Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 63.
theryi Z. loannis. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1908, p. 203.
tianschanica Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 14.
tinacria Z. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1917, p. 222.
tokyonella Art. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 1927, p. 76.
totanigra Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 30. *
totarubra (cuvieri) Z. Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Z. 1908, p. 12.
totarubra (meliloti) Z. Dziurz. Int. Ent. Z. 1914, p. 33.
totirubra Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 26.
totirubra Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1920, p. 118.
transferens Z. Vrty. Ent. Rec. 1926, p. 59. *
translucens (ligustica) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 36.

translucens (lonicerae) Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926,
p. 70.

transsylvaniae Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 32.
tricingulata Z. Holik. Int. Ent. Z. 1926, p. 241.
tricingulata Z. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1915, p. 77.
tricolor (fortunata) Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1904, p. 52. *
tricolor (galliae) Z. Obertli. L6p. Comp. 1909/10, p. 603. *
triconjuncta Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 4.
trimacula Z. Reiss. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 39.
tripicta Z. Std. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 132.
triptolemus Z. Hbn. Sammlg. Sph. I, 1818. *
tripunctata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1921, p. 35.
trivittata Z. Tutt. Brit. Lep. I 1899, p. 468.
turbeti Z. Le Cerf. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1929, p. 262.

ukrainica Z. Shelf. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1924, p. 34.
undecimaculata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1913, p. 4.
ungemaeki Z. Le Cerf. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1923, p. 200.
unimaculata Z. Vorbr. Butterfl. Switzer]. 1913, p. 261.
unita Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 125.

j uralia Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 62.
ussuriensis Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1928, p. 357.

valesiaca Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 69.
valesiae Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 51.
valida Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 17.
validior Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 17.
vandalitia Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 62.

| variabilis Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 25.

j vellayi Z. Aigner. Rov. Lapok 1899, p. 103. *

venusta Z. Schultz. Soc. Ent. 1906, p. 170.
verityana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 33.

verityi Z. Std. N. Beitr. syst. Ins. Kunde II, p. 30, 1921.

verityi Z. Stefanelli. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1909, p. 255.
veronicae Z. Borkh. Eur. Schmett. II, p. 162, 1789.
verrina Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 54.
vertebralis Z. Le Charles. Encycl. Ent. Ill, p. 152, 1926/2
villosa Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 43. *
violacea Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1915, p. 219.
vitrea Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 66.
vivax Z. Vrty. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 1920, p. 38.

wagneriana Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1929, p. 151.
waltliarii Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 28.
weileri Z. Dziurz. Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Yer. 1906. *
weileri Z. Vorbr. Butterfl. Switzerl, 1913, p.279.
worthingi Z. Tutt (hybr.) Brit. Lep. V, p. 36, 1906.
wullschlegeli Z. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 1909/10, p.572. *

xanthograpfea Z. Germar. Faun. Ins. 16, 1S37. *

I youngi Z. Rothsch. Bull. Soc. Maroc. 5, p. 338, 1925.

i

zarana Z. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1926, p. 67
| zickerti Z. Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 68.
zlatoroga Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1913, p. 113.
zobeli Z. Reiss. Int. Ent. Z. 1921, p. 118.
zonata Z. Rocci. Atti Soc. Lig. 1914, p. 4.

EPICOPEIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

2. Family: Epicopeidae.

Genus: Epicopela Westw.

Behind E. mencia Moore (Vol. 2, p. 35) insert:

E. albofasciata Djakanov (= albescens Moltr. i. 1.). Somewhat similar to mencia but differing by the albo-
wide white transverse bands and marginal spots. Forewings black, not brownish, hindwings with greenish
sheen, veins still darker and widely black. Forewings and hindwings with wide white middle band intersected
by the black veins which towards the base touch the distal wall of the cell : proximally the band is straight,
distally somewhat curved, stretching on upperside of forewings to vein 8, on hindwings extending from costa
to inner margin in ecpial breadth and regularly curved, densely sprinkled with red along the costal margin and
at the anal margin; subterminally there is a white band of large crescent shaped spots, the 2nd uppermost of
which is displaced inwards. On hindwings there are 2 rows of large crescent shaped scarlet submarginal spots
in same arrangement as in mencia. Palpi, scapulae and the lateral stripes of abdomen are red, the latter with
black spots. Wing expanse 72 mm. Ussuri in the district of Spasskoje. A ^ caught on the 5th July and a
second $ in the collection of Dr. Moltrecht.

E. hainesi Roll. (= simulans Leech) (Yol. 2, p. 35, pi. 10 a). — niipallida Obth. from “Su-Chuan, on the mipallida.
eastern frontier of Thibet”, precisely resembles the $ illustrated as sinicana in the above cited place, but the
hindwings are ivory coloured on upperside and pure white on underside with the exception of a 4 5 mm wide

sooty brown outer margin. - pallescens Obth. from Siao-Ouisi is a hainesi (Vol. 2, pi. 10 a), but the basal %rds pallcsccns.
of hindwings are paler whitish similar to mipallida , and the hindwings similarly show a considerably paler
whitish patch in the disc.

E. leucomelaena Obth. has the form of mencia (Vol. 2, pi. 10 a), but the hindwings show' small white
spots behind the cell and red ones at the anal margin. From Yunnan, therefore not yet captured on palae-
arctic territory.

Alphabetical List

Index and Reference of original descriptions of all palaearctic Epicopeides mentioned.
* signifies that the form is also illustrated at the place quoted.

albofasciata Epic. Djakonov Rev. Russ. Ent. 20. p. 384, 1920. *
leucomelaena Epic. Obertli. Bull. >-?oc. Ent. Fr. 1919, p. 175.
mipallida Epic. Obertli, Lap. Comp. 17, p. 19, 1920. *
pallescens Epic. Obertli. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 20, 1920. *

SYNTOMIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

53

3. Family: Syntomidae.

We retain the name although Hampson latterly has introduced the name Amatidae. A great deal of
attention has been given to this Family similarly to that of the Zygaenidae owing to the variation in the number
of the spots. This has given us a host of names through which it is almost impossible to wade. It would of
course have been better to introduce collective names, but unfortunately this has not been done. On the other
hand through the conscientious studies of Turati a large number of genuine species have been discovered.
Nevertheless it is- even to-day almost impossible to decide which is merely a form and which a species. Full
recognition must be given to Turati for the thorough way in which he has produced a classification table of
the Syntomis species with 2 yellow abdominal belts. Generally speaking we have followed the lines laid down
by him. In consequence of this we have been forced to slightly alter the sequence of the species from that given
in the main Volume.

1. Genus: Syntomis 0.

Turati has separated the palaearctic Syntomis with 2 yellow abdominal belts into 4 groups: 1. phegea
group with small basal spot und larger preapical spot on the hindwings, 2. melanocera group with 2 equally
large spots on hindwings, 3. marjana group with large basal and small or absent preapical spot and finally the 4.
bactriana group in which the 2 spots on the hindwings are confluent forming a single large and often angular
spot. For this reason we are classifying this group in a different sequence than in the main Volume. The spots
of the forewings are counted as follows : spot 1 is the basal spot, spot 2 the one on the costa, spot 3 is the spot
of the middle row that is situated on the inner margin, spot 4 is the apical spot, spots 5 and 6 the 2 spots
below same situated at the outer margin.

A. Species with 2 yellow abdominal belts.

1. phegea group.

S. phegea L. (Vol. 2, p. 38, pi. 9 a). "With the extraordinary variability in the number and size of the
spots one cannot be surprised that a correspondingly large number of names have been given, that might mostly
be dispensed with. At the same time a number of races have been created in which naturally a similar number
of aberrations might claim attention. — repicta Trti. is the form in which the costal spot of the antemarginal
row, i. e. spot 4, is divided into 2 spots. — septemmaculata Muller has the middle of the 3 outer spots, spot 5,
subdivided in 2. — arcuata Trti. has the basal fore wing spot confluent with the inner marginal spot of the middle
row, viz: spots 1 and 3. This aberration is shown in kruegeri as the illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 9 a. — fenestrata
Ramme (Vol. 2, p. 444) has all spots increased in size and number. — semidiapliana Trti. is an extreme form
where all spots of forewings are confluent. - ornata Skala also belongs to the repicta forms and exceeds
fenestrata with supernumerary spots between Nos. 4 and 5 and below 6, as well as an increased number of
spots on hindwings. — orbiculifera Zerny (= phegea ab. Hafn., punctulata Vorbr.) has an unusually largely
developed costal spot 2 with a black spot. The latter form has frequently been found in Carniola and Switzer¬
land. — divisa Stdr. has the basal spot of hindwings divided. In contrast to the above, such forms with reduced
number or size of spots have been named: — morsosignata Trti. (5 a) with 6 forewing spots but with only the
small preapical spot on hindwings. — pfluemeri Wacq. (Vol. 2, p. 38, pi. 9 a) with obliterated spot 6 on forewings
and frequently only one on hindwings, this form occurs as an aberration in all localities of the main form and
in fact in certain regions, as in the Riviera, in the Tyrol, may be described as a race. It is more delicately built
and smaller than the aberrative pfluemeri of other localities. Another 5 spotted form from Trieste is : — acelidota
Galv. with basal spot absent. — phegeides Spada also has only 5 spots on forewings in the pattern of an inverted
L'5’\ Here also the yellow collar mark is decidedly crescent shaped with the points towards the head; hindwings
with 2 spots. — phegeus Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 38) has 4 spots on forewings, none on hindwings. — sexmaculata Gian.

phegea.

repicta.

septem¬

maculata.

arcuata.

fenestrata.

semi-

diaphana.

ornata.

orbi¬

culifera.

divisa.

monosig-

nata.

pfluemeri.

acelidota.

phegeides.

54

SYNTOMIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

alveus. (Vol. 2, p. 38) has only 3 on forewings, no spots on hindwings. — alveus Dhl. is similar on forewings but has
ochsen- 1 — 2 spots on hindwings. — oehseiiheimeri Trti. has only 2 or one spot on fore wings and one spot on hindwings.
^i>ueri. — biga Stdr. has only the 2 middle spots 2 and 3 on forewings, whilst hindwings are without spots. — unipuncta
unipuncta. Trti. (Vol. 2, pi. 9 b as cloelia) has only one spot on forewings and no spots on hindwings. — seminigra Spul.
seminigra. (Vol. 2, p. 444) lias no spots at all on forewings or one or the other is present in a minute size. Hindwings on
the other hand have both spots. - — cyclopea Rag. ( Vol. 2, p. 38, pi. 9 b) is similar but hindwings only have one
cloelia. spot. — cloelia Bkh. is not correctly diagnosed in Vol. 2, p. 38, the description given there refers to unipuncta
Trti. just described; cloelia has no spots on forewings and one spot on hindwings. — iphimedia Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 38,
analinigra. pi. 9 b) is correctly described quite black. — analinigra Vorbr. has uniformly black hindwings whilst forewings
have the normal number of spots. — Finally all these spot variations can occur asymmetrically in the most varying
combinations, as for instance right wings normal, left wings like phegeus or cloelia etc. Daxtnehl has often
observed such variations. Further specimens can occur as aberrations with entirely black antennae and this
nigri- can occur in combination with all possible forms of spot markings: — nigricornis ( Dan n eh 1 1 auct. nec. AlpJi.).
(nuns. qqqg must Qf course be separated from the Caucasian nigricornis Alph., which is a genuine species and belongs to
puellula. the marjana group. If the anterior yellow' abdominal belt is missing it is named: - puelluia Stdr.

The following races have been established quite apart from the above mentioned pfluemeri Wacq. : —
italica. italica Rocci : is smaller than the typical phegea , more gracefully built, less densely sealed, especially in the $$
which have therefore been compared with herzi by the author. In the dd the 6 spots are smaller and therefore
placed further from one another. On the other hand in the the spots incline to be increased in size.
pfluemeri. Specimens with 6 forewing spots and 2 hindwings spots are typical. We also have: — pfluemeri Rocci with 5
phegeus. forewing spots and 2 hindwing spots, — phegeus Rocci with 4 forewing spots, the basal spot is absent, and one
monosig- hindwing spot; — monosignata Rocci with 6 forewing spots and one hindwing spot; — reducta Rocci with 4
reducta f°rewing and 2 hindwing spots, — privata Rocci with 5 forewing and 2 hindwing spots, in this case the first
privata. costal forewing spot is missing; — parvipunefa Rocci with minute spots, — paupera Rocci with 6 forewing spots
nnicia anc^ 00111 plt'tely black hindwings without spots; — repicta Rocci with intersected apical spot on forewings, -
paupera. divisa Rocci with subdivided basal spot on hindwings, here also occasionally in the $ the preapical hindwing
repicta. spot can be doidile; finally we also have the — fenestrafa form with increased number and size of all spots.
f cue strata ^is race occurs 111 Liguria to Genoa, in the Apennines of Piedmont and Emilia. A further race of Sorrento,
plinius. but also in N. Italy further eastwards to Illyria is indicated as — plinius Stdr. According to its author it is
a local race with definite characteristics, of large size and therefore remarkable to relate a contrast to the small
italica also occurring in N. Italy ! In this race repicta forms often occur, the basal mark of hindwings is generally
cordiform. — Originally this was described as a genuine species but Reverdin deems same identical with
pfaehleri. phegea in accordance with his examination of the genitals: - pfaehleri Krug. (5 c) limited to Lugano, in the
Dolomite massif of the Monte San Salvatore; it is remarkable according to the indications of Kruger that
pfaehleri occurs there end of May to middle of June, whilst from the end of June to the middle of July typical
phegea and pfluemeri occur around Lugano. As italica Rocci was, also pfaehleri is compared with herzi Trti. ;
small thinly scaled, dull blue-black forewings with 6 spots, spot 3 cuneiform or comma shaped, spot 6 puncti-
quinque- form; the hindwings in $ with only one preapical spot, in $ with 2 spots. Wing expanse 25 — 35 mm. - quin-
macula. quemaeula Krug. (5 c): spot (5 of forewings is absent. — seminigra Krug, has hindwings entirely black. — In
quadri- quadrimacula Krug, spots 1 and 6 are absent, — oblita Krug, spots 4 and 6. — bipuncta Krug, only has spots
macula. 2 and 3, these are small and darkly dusted over. — immaculata Krug, is unicoloured black-blue. — centripuncta
hipuncia ^rug. has spot 2 with a black dot. — mixta Krug. (5 c) represents asymmetrically spotted specimens. The
immacu- differences between italica Rocci and pfaehleri Krug, do not appear to me to be clear. — bessarabica Stdr.
lata, shows a strong indication of relationship with the race from Sorrento plinius Stdr., it has the same wing contour
puncta. and large size, all the spots are enlarged and somewhat angular, otherwise they are similarly arranged as in
mixta, phegea, the preapical spot on hindwings is large. It occurs in the district of Akerman in Bessarabia; similar
bessarabica. specimens occur at Ivieff only they are somewhat stumpier in build.

2. melanocera group.

melanocera. S. melanocera Hmps. (Vol. 2, p. 445) (5 a) is the main representative of the small group in which the

hindwings have 2 equally large round spots. Forewings short, apex rounded, black wdth slight violet-blue sheen,
spots hyaline but not purely white, basal spot oval, spot 2 rectangular, spot 3 pear-shaped or trapeziform, the
3 marginal spots long and narrow, the apical displaced and nearer to the lower two. Antennae quite black.
The yellowr abdominal belts open on underside. N. China (Tsingtao, Wei-hai-wei) in July. Our illustration is
from a specimen in the collection of Turati.

herzi i. S. herzii ( B.-H . i. 1.) Trti. (5 a). A smaller species which strongly resembles phegea, especially the forms

of italica Rocci and pfaehleri Stdr., like these it is not very densely scaled and not such a blue-black but rather
inclined to be smokey brownish. Spots fairly large, those of the marginal row elongated. Hindwings with 2
spots of which the basal is usually larger than the preapical, therefore the classification here by Turati does
not seem to me to be completely plausible. Feelers quite black, the yellow' abdominal belt open on the under-

SYNTOMIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

do

side. Chingan Mountains (eastern Mongolia); Inn-Shan (Manchuria); province Chihli, Peking; occurring in
July. The specimen for our illustration has been kindly placed at our disposal by Count Turati, who gave the
first description. On enquiry Mr. 0. Bang-Haas informs us that no other description exists.

S. aequipuncta Trti. (5 a) is exceedingly close to phegea) the wings appear to be somewhat more elongated,
the apex of forewings more extended and acute, the blue gloss is slightly less distinct than in phegea but not
so glossy as in marjana. The spots are pure white, fairly large, all more or less angular, especially the basal
spot is obliquely quadrate; spot 3 is more vertically below spot 2 than in phegea and nevertheless closer to the
anal angle because same is more flat, also spots 5 and 6 are not so obliquely under spot 4. On hind wings the
basal spot is usually quadrate, often somewhat incised along the intersecting vein, even being bisected. Antennae
whitish or grey at tips. Abdominal belts open on the underside. Occurs in Asia Minor and N. Syria (Eibes,
Antitaurus; Lebanon; Malatia). — parvipuncta Trti. (5 a) has all spots reduced to half the size. Also from
Eibes. Our illustrations are form specimens in the collection of Turati.

S. bicincta Roll. (Vol. 2, p. 38, pi. 9 c).

3. marjana group.

S. marjana Stdr. (= meridionalis Stgr. and B.-H. i. 1.) (5 b) is the main representative of this group
in which the basal hindwing spots are always considerably larger than the preapical sp>ots. The species is very
large and robustly built, wing contour relatively sleek with acute apex of forewings, the black ground colour
with very brilliant green-blue gloss, much more so than in phegea. Size 34 — 42 mm. Spots large to very large,
pure white, semitransparent, spot 3 especially large and quadrate. Abdominal belt a brilliant reddish yellow
open on underside; tips of antennae white or rather grey. Dalmatia, Monte Mariano near Spalato, Island of
Lussin, Fiume, Istria. — quercii Vrty. ( = gigantea Gian. i. 1.; macrophegea S.-Rethel i. 1.) (5 b) is the race from
Central Italy (Monti Sibillini), Abruzzi and Sicily (Palermo). Of considerable size (36 — 17 mm), of wider wing
contour, the forewings more deeply concave above the anal angle at outer margin. Forewings with less brilliant
and more pronounced greenish gloss. — repicta Trti. spot 4 or also spot 5 intersected. — Specimens with reduced
spots are named parvipuncta Trti. — kammeli Stdr. has only 5 spots on forewings. — quadriga Stdr. has only
4 spots, spots 1 and 6 being missing. — birnaculata Stdr. has only spots 2 and 3 present. — rebeli Stdr. is 2 — 5
spotted on forewings, on the other hand the hindwings show a repicta form with a subdivided basal spot. -
degenerata Stdr. is an especially small form with basal spot of forewings absent. — Cerberus Stdr. has entirely
black antennae. — puellula Stdr. has the anterior yellow abdominal belt missing. From Lagrado on the Isonzo
Stauder has described a — subsp. sontiana which looks like a dwarf form of phegea being small and stumpy,
of narrower wing contour with more acute apex; apical spot reduced, spot 3 rhomboid. — cataleptica Stdr. is
the black form entirely without spots “ iphimedia ” of marjana described from a $ from Spalato. — Larvae
40 — 12 mm long, black with 3 mm long brown tufts of bristles arranged in oblique rows with greyish silky
gloss; head and legs claret-red; the 2 hemispheres of the head and the mouth being black.

S. kruegeri Ragusa (5 b) is now deemed to be a genuine species and should not be mistaken with the
form of phegea which hitherto went under the name of kruegeri and which has now been renamed arcuata by
Turati. It is a very compactly built form, being close to marjana , but with much more truncate apex of fore¬
wings; less densely scaled with much duller metallic gloss, greenish violet. The spots not so clearly outlined
being somewhat diffuse and faintly shaded over, not pure white; both hindwing spots very large the basal one
being rounded trapeziform. In the name type spots 1 and 3 are confluent, in — phegeoides Trti. (5 c) they are
separated ; repicta forms as shown in our illustration also often occur. The smokey brown suffusion of the spots
can be increased to such an extent that the 3 marginal spots almost entirely disappear under same and we then
have: — evanescens Trti. If all the forewing spots disappear and only the large basal spot of hindwings remains,
we have: — cyclopea Ragusa (Vol. 2, pi. 9 b). This form is only known from Sicily (Mte. Busambra). Count
Turati has kindly placed specimens at our disposal for our illustrations.

S, ragazzii Trti. (5 d) is a further species which outwardly reminds one more of phegea, but which is
immediately recognisable by the curiously marked hindwings. Forewings a greenish blue-black with relatively
little metallic gloss and densely scaled. Spots medium sized and therefore fairly far apart, spot 3 narrow and
long, often almost only a streak, spot 6 usually very small or absent. On hindwings the basal spot is large,
triangularly cordiform, the preapical spot very small, repicta forms also occur. - pfluemeroides Trti. (5 d)
has only 5 spots on forewings, spot 6 being absent, on hindwings generally the distal spot is absent. — phege-
usida Trti. has only 4 spots on forewings, only one on hindwings. — pseudocloelia Trti. has all spots on forewings
absent or at the best 3 minute spots are present, on hindwings only the basal spot. — mendax Stdr. represents
the form with typically spotted forewings, but with absent or only very minute basal spot on hindwings. -
inversa Stdr. is similar to the repicta form on forewings, either with supernumerary spot between spots 4 or 5 or
a spot 7 under spot 6; hindwings as in mendax. — reinstalled Stdr. has hindwings without spots; on forewings
only spot 2 is fully retained, spots 1 and 6 are absent and spots 4 and 5 are minute dots, spot 3 is absent or
suffused with brown. — pseudomarjana Stdr. denotes a $ with spots elongated and rectangular, also the basal
hindwing spot is widely rectangular, the preapical spot is dissolved into 2 cuneiform marks. — decadica

aequi-

puncia.

parvi¬

puncta.

marjana.

quercii.

repicta.

parvi¬

puncta.

lcammeli

quadriga.

bimaculaia.

rebeli.

degenerata.

cerberus.

puellula.

sontiana.

cataleptica.

kruegeri.

phegeoides.

evanescens

cyclopca.

ragazzii.

pflueme¬

roides.

phegeusida.

2)seudo-

cloelia.

mendax.

inversa.

reinstalleri.

pseudo¬

marjana.

decadica.

SYNTOMIS. By Dr. M. Draitdt.

herthula.

saliicola.

silvatica.

danieli.

turbi-
depicta.
cuprea.
tenera.
ntavistica.
warneckei.
phegeulus.
pseudo -
delict,
feuerlierdti.
biga.
postice-
privata.
felkel i .
scmini-
groides.
philippsi.
puellula.
marjanoi-
des.
luetke-
meyeri.
tepid a.
nigricornis.
subdivisa.

rossiea.

cocandica.

raspia.

minuta.

mara¬

candica.

posicaecata.

aurivala.

postmacu-

lata.

56

Stdr. the hindwings are typical, spot 6 is absent on the forewings whilst between spots 4 and 5 there are 2
additional dots inserted, the forewings therefore have 10 spots. From Naples, Sorrento, Calabria. The illus¬
trations we owe to the kindness of Count Ttjrati.

S. herthula Stdr. (5 e). It still remains to be ascertained to what degree this insect has a right to claim
to be a species. It certainly is apparently very close to ragazzii and is similarly built with the same wing contour,
but the antennae are distinctly more delicate and shorter with a buff tip; abdomen shorter and somewhat
weaker. Wings vary in colouration from blue-black to brownish, without gloss; abdominal belts are dull pale
yellow. Basal spot of forewings very small, generally only punctiform, spot 3 narrow situate almost vertically.
The subapical spot long, rectangular, generally larger than spots 5 and 6, the latter generally punctiform and
near the margin. Statjder differentiates meanwhile 2 local forms: — salticola Stdr. a delicate small high
altitude form with almost extinct spots and: — silvatica Stdr. a larger more boldly spotted form from the low¬
lands with a greater blue sheen. According to the 3 types the following differences occur in the ground colours:

danieli Stdr. representing forms inclined to violet-blue, — turbidepicta Stdr. with wings inclined to brown
and with suffused spots and — cuprea Stdr. with coppery brown tone to the wings. The following further
names have been given : — tenera Stdr. with minutely small spots occurring chiefly among salticola. —
atavistica Stdr. are exceedingly small tenera specimens from a partial 2nd brood that was bred; with elongated
forewings and rudimentary hindwings. — warneckei Stdr. with basal mark absent on forewings; in — phegeulus
Stdr. spot 6 is absent; in — pseudoclelia Stdr. only spots 2, 3 and 5 are present on forewings; — in feuerherdti
Stdr. spots 2, 3 and 4. — biga Stdr. has only spots 2 and 3 on forewings, hindwings without spots. — postice-
privata Stdr. has normal spot marking on forewings, but hindwings without spots. — felkeli Stdr. has only spot
3 on forewings, hindwings only have basal spot, whilst: — semirsigroides Stdr. has forewings without spots and
hindwings with basal spot. — philippsi Stdr. corresponds to the completely black iphimedia form of phegea.

- puellula Stdr. has the anterior abdominal belt missing. The extreme silvatica form is represented by —
marjanoides Stdr. which is a specially large and boldly marked form. — luefkemeyeri Stdr. is a A with especially
well developed preapical mark on hindwings and finally — repicta Stdr. denominates various forms with super¬
numerary spots of forewings or hindwings. This entire series of forms is limited to the territory of Aspromonte.
The illustrations are from specimens in the collection of Turati.

S. nigricornis Alph. (Vol. 2, p. 38 part.) (5 d) is smaller than the former. The preapical spot of hind¬
wings is similarly very small, the basal spot large, roundish to cordiform. Wings black with blue metallic sheen,
the 2 middle spots quadrate. Antennae quite black or dark black-grey. A form with spot 2 of forewings sub¬
divided is named — subdivisa Trti. Caucasus (Borshom; Tiflis).

S. rossiea Trti. (5 e). A small, pronouncedly brown species with faint coppery sheen. Hindwings with
large well developed basal mark extending widely towards the inner and outer margins. Near to same a longish
preapical mark; arrangement of spots on forewings is quite similar to that of liertliula, but the spots are larger.
Tips of antennae white. Described from a specimen from Saratov which was kindly placed at our disposal by
Count Turati for illustrative purposes.

S. cocandica Ersch. (Vol. 2, p. 39) (5 d, $) is to-day no longer considered as merely a form of mara¬
candica Ersch. as classified in the main Volume, but it is deemed to be a genuine species with pure white spots.
In maracandica these have a yellowish tone, cocandica is a much larger species with wider wing contour and
of more robust build. Wings with a vivid blue-violet gloss. Tips of antennae grey whilst in maracandica they
are quite black. Abdominal belt is open on underside whilst in maracandica it is complete. Spots of forewings
are smaller, especially the outer ones are round and not longish as in maracandica. Generally speaking cocandica
appears to be more closely related to ragazzii. Hindwings only have a basal spot. Ferghana.

So caspia Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 39, pi. 9 d). The illustration is a good one; it must be presumed that this is a
genuine species and similarly not merely a form of maracandica. It has pure white and not transparent spots.

S. minuta A. B.-H. (Vol. 2, p. 444) (5 e) with large quadrate basal spot on hindwings, entirely black
antennae and yellow abdominal belt complete on underside. It can scarcely be merely a form of caspia. The
pearly white spots of forewings are relatively large and slightly transparent. From Merw (Transcaspia).

S. maracandica Ersch. (Vol. 2, p. 39 “maracandina” pi. 9 c) is as already mentioned under cocandica
a genuine species with smaller round basal spot on hindwings, all spots yellowish and not transparent; a smaller
species with elongated longer wings. The yellow abdominal belt is complete on underside ; antennae quite black.
Alai, Aulie Ata.

S. sintenisi Stfs. (Vol. 2, p. 39, pi. 9 d). A form without spots on hindwings is named: postcaecata Trti.

S. aurivala Schaw. is very similar to sintenisi. Ground colour metallic violet-black with the same
yellowish spots as the previous species. Besides the golden yellow abdominal belt and the yellow spot at base
of abdomen, also the thorax and collar are very strikingly coloured a golden yellow. It therefore can be presumed
that this is a genuine species. Antennae extending to % of length of costa and yellowish at tip. In the name
form the hindwings are without spots and violet-black, whilst in — postmaculata Schaw. they have a yellowish
basal spot. Described from 9 specimens captured in May near Mosul.

Publ. 31. VIII. 1931.

SYNTOMIS. By Dr. M. Dratidt.

57

S. cyssea Stoll (Vol. 2, p. 39, pi. 9 e).

4. bactriana Group.

5. bactriana Ersch. (Vol. 2, p. 39, pi. 9 c). — repicta Tni. is a form with supernumerary spot on forewings, repida.
subapical spot 4 having one or two minute adjoining spots. Sarafshan, Hissar Mountains, Samarkand.

S. tauriea Hmps. (Vol. 2, p. 39) is a much smaller species, formerly considered to be a form of antio- iaurica.
chena Led. Fore wings with little violet-blue lustre with small spots, especially the subapical spot 4 is very small,
the hindwing spot is almost subdivided in two. Wing contour is relatively short and wide. The yellow abdominal
belt nearly meets on underside. Antennae quite black. From Eibes (Antitaurus).

S. antiochena Led. (Vol. 2, p. 39, pi. 9 d) is larger than the former, with larger and clearer spots; of the antiochena.
3 outer spots, the middle one (spot No. 5) is usually the largest. The yellow abdominal belt forms a complete
ring on underside. Tips of antennae white.

S. libanotica A. B.-H. (Vol. 2, p. 39) (5 e) is similarly a genuine species and not merely a form of libanoiica.
mestralii Bugn. or antiochena Led.] it is approximately an intermediate form; the shape of the spots is like
antiochena, but they are larger, especially the spot on hindwings that almost reaches to the base. The spots
show a somewhat impure white. The $ has better developed wings than either of the two forms mentioned above.

Pips of antennae black or dark grey, the yellow abdominal belt forming a complete ring on underside.

S. mestralii Bugn. ( = kindermanni Led.) (Vol. 2, p. 38, pi. 9 c) is larger than the former, spots very mestralii.
large, creamy white, especially spot 3 is unusually large and trapeziform, also basal spot is large and angular.

Contour of wings relatively wide, tips of antennae dark grey. — gigantea (Stgr. i. 1.) Trti. (5 e) is a form with gigantea.
exceptionally large spots, with predominantly creamy white hindwings with black margins. The tips of antennae
are here inclined to be whitish. Also from Lebanon. — pa.laestinae Hmps. (Vol. 2, p. 39).

S. turbida Trti. (5 e) is a remarkable species, that belongs in the same group owing to the shape of the turbida.
spot of hindwings. Thinly scaled, cloudy sepia brown with faint blue sheen. In the shape of the spots it
corresponds most to libanotica, spots with more yellowish tone. Abdominal belt completely closed on underside,
dull pale yellow. Tips of antennae dark grey, Lebanon. Count Tiirati was so kind as to place the one of the
two specimens so far known at our disposal for our illustration.

S. jortunei de VOrza (Vol. 2, p. 39, pi. 9 d). In — yezonis Strd. spots 1 and 3 are confluent as in the yezonis.
curvata-kruegeri forms. Japan.

S. cingulata Weber (= anetta Btlr.) (Vol. 2, p. 39, pi. 9 d).

B. Species without 2 yellow abdominal belts.

S.hyrcana A. B.-H. (5f) is a very interesting species, forming in a way a transition from the related hyvcana,
mestralii forms to the following species. The arrangement of the spots shows similarity with the latter but the
basal spot is confluent with spot 3 and forms a wide longitudinal band; the spots show a decidedly yellowish
colouration. Abdomen with a single yellow belt on segment 5. Antennae completely black. Persia (Sultanabad).

Mr. Otto Bang-Haas kindly placed one of the only two known specimens at our disposal for our illustration.

S. persica Koll. (Vol. 2, p. 39, pi. 9 f).

S. punkikonis Strd. from Punkiko, Japan, is probably a form of wilemani Rothsch. (Vol. 10, p. 71) punkilcords.
described from Formosa, Clypeus and breast are not pure white, but with creamy whitish scales; the veins
are scarcely wider black submarginally than on the remainder of the wings; both wings have a creamy
whitish inner marginal band. The small dark transverse band and the tip of abdomen are greenish black, as are
also the 2 spots on thorax. Veins 4 and 5 of forewings and 3 and 5 of hindwings are subdivided at base.

S. karapinensis Strd, resembles S. newara Moore (Vol. 10, p. 70, pi. 10 i), but the wings are hyaline karapincn-
with only a faint yellowish sheen, veins, discal spot and margins jet black with faint greenish gloss; marginal
band as narrow as a line, scarcely widening between 2 and 3; the 1st discal spot is curved convexly towards
margin, a yellow spot at base. Hindwings with black marginal band of % mm width, extending somewhat
as a dentation along vein 2; base and inner margin scaled with yellow. Body greenish black with yellow spots
on scapulae, collar, middle and end of thorax, as well as 6 narrow abdominal belts. Antennae black. Forewings
expand 16,5 mm. One $ from Karapin (Japan), captured in August.

S. germana Fldr. (Vol. 2, p. 40, pi. 9 g) illustrated from a Chinese specimen, is once more illustrated here
(5 f) from a specimen from Amur with almost completely yellow body and only exceedingly narrow black rings.

Supplementary Volume 2 §

58

DYSAUXES. By Dr. M, Draudt.

iakanonis. S. takanonis Mats. Nearest to germ, ana, but differing as follows: forewings of with very small hyaline

spots scaled with yellow, a quadrate spot at base, much higher than wide; spot 2 oval, also spot 3 is oval almost
vertically below spot 2; spot 4 is missing, 5 and 6 widely scaled with yellow; hindwings with large roundish
basal spot incurved on outward edge on the submedian fold: fringes black, not yellow towards apex. Wing
expanse: 30 mm. Honsho (Japan).

gcnzana. S. genzana Mats, closely resembles perixanthia. Body quite pale yellow, scapulae grey-yellow, legs

brownish black. Forewings wider, hyaline spots larger, costa and inner margin grey; basal spot 1 is incurved
outwardly, the cell spot truncate inwardly, spot 3 larger; subapical spot shortened. The basal hyaline spot
on hindwings is not incurved on vein 2, the black apical area is much wider. Wing expanse: $ 39 mm. Corea
(Gensan).

changiana. S. acrospila Fldr. (Vol. 2, p. 40, pi. 9 h). — charsgiaria Strd. spots 1 and 3 of forewings are confluent as

in the krugeri type. Huang-Mu-Chang (China).

jlavocin- S. alicia mogadorensis Black. (Vol. 2, p. 444, Vol. 14, pi. 3 g). — flavochigulata D. Luc. has the coppery

gut at a. req abdominal belts coloured yellow as in name type, but the spots of forewings agree with those of mogado-
rensis. Mogador, not rare.

4. Genus: Dysauxes Hbn.

D. punctata F . (Vol. 2, p. 41, pi. 9 i). — ragusaria ZicJc. is now illustrated on pi. 5 g, also — famula Frr.
(5 f). — modesta Krul. is to be removed from the punctata forms, as according to Sheljuzhko it is an ancilla
juncta. form (vide there). — In juncta Hajn. (Vol. 2, p. 445) spots 3 and 4 are confluent with one another; occurs
quadri- predominantly in Carniola, however elsewhere also among name type form. — quadripur.cta Stdr. has only 4
tr'qmnda SP°^S’ the 5th in apex on costa is absent; not rare in the S. Tyrol. — tripimcta Stdr. is three-spotted, the upper
basal spot and the costal spot at apex are missing; rare among specimens from Trieste. In the two-spotted -
bipuncta. bipuncta Stdr. (5 g) there is only one basal spot and the “ juncta ” mark, viz: spots 3 and 4 conjoined. Rare, has
depravata. been observed in the Etsch Valley and in Istria. — depravata Stdr. only has the basal spot, all others extinct;
lacrimans. Trieste, Central Dalmatia; Batna (Algeria). — lacrimarss Stdr. has unusually elongated spots, partially coninia-
minuta. shaped and also guttiform. Described from Gorizia. — rninuta Stdr. (= virginea Dhl.) (5 g) in which the spots
(in full number or partly absent) are reduced to minute and scarcely visible dots, these differ from — parvigutta
Ghr. (Vol. 2, p. 42, pi. 9 i) from Turkestan with a similar description, as the latter is larger and has more
ochrea. extended wing shape and is also paler in ground colour. — ochrea Mill (Vol. 2, p. 445) (5 f) has spots of forewings
semidia- a deep ochreous yellow. S. France and Dalmatia. — semidiaphana Stdr. has spots of forewings hyaline, bestrewn
1 crihiT' w'^*1 dark scales- — herthina Stdr. (= scortea Dili.) (5 g) is a form with ground colour of forewings changed
from brown to buff or yellow with a “touch of light brown”, forewings and margin of hindwings with metallic
imperfecta, gloss; fringes paler than ground colour and with golden sheen. S. Tyrol, Dalmatia and Istria. — imperfecta
Dhl. (5 g) have no cell-end spots on hindwings. All these named forms occur in numerous variations and
ancillaeides. combinations, as Stauder has mentioned in his monograph (Ent. Ztschr. 35, p. 9 etc.). — ancillaeides Stdr.

from Sorrento (Mte Faito) is described as a robustly built race (23 — 25 mm) of pale to deep ochreous colour with
spot markings as in punctata but minutely small, suffused with ochre. Hindwings on the other hand as in ancilla
with two small yellow spots beyond the basal mark towards apex. Stauder presumes that possibly this is a
punctilio,, hybrid form with ancilla. This is not very probable as Dr. Denso described as — punctilla forms bred by
Robert Seiler in the year 1902, which were hybrids of punctata <§ X ancilla $ and which differ in no way from
ancilla. A reciprocal cross-breeding proved infertile. In Spain besides servula Berce (Vol. 2, p. 42) we find -
servulina. servulina Fdz. a form in which in the <$$ there are 3 small pale yellow spots in cells 2 — 4 of hindwings, adjoining
burgeffi. the yellow inner marginal spot. - — • burgeffi f. n. (5 g) denominates a small form with relatively narrow wings,
which resembles an extreme ragusaria (Vol. 2, p. 42) which is much smaller than the latter and only retains
the 2 spots in middle of margin and these are heavily suffused with brown; disc of hindwings hyaline, dusted
with brown, only very little yellow retained at inner margin. The same form, only slightly larger is advised
taurica. from Greece. Type in the State Museum at Munich. — taurica f. n. (5 g) forms a transition to the following form.
It originates from Adana and Armenia, is large with wide wings, ground colour of forewings a rich dark brown,
all spots large, sharply outlined, creamy white and not hyaline; on hindwings the orange-yellow colour is limited
to a narrow stripe below the cell and behind end of same. Type from Adana in the collection of Draudt. -
Icaschmi- kaschniiriensis Rothsch. (5 g) differs by its larger size and wider wing shape, the hyaline white spots are larger
mcnsis. an(j more prominent, the wide hindwing margin is much wider. Kashmir (Goorais Valley) from 7000 ft. altitude.

modcsia. D. ancilla L. (Vol. 2, p. 42, pi. 9 i). — modesta Krul. (= inops Dhl.) is the type of Iyrulikowsky in the

collection of Sheljuzhko in which the small subapical dots above the two spots are absent. It is described
inomata. from the mountains of Ivinel near Busuluk, but occurs everywhere among the type form. — inornata Stdr. is a
continuation in development of the last form, in which also the two normal spots are much reduced in size

APISA. By Dr. M. Draudt. Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Syntomidae. 59

and suffused with brown. Described from Trieste. — bipunctata Buresch is probably the same, but in the bipunctata.
description it says that the two still existing spots are white and therefore probably not suffused with brown.

Bulgaria. — virago Schaw. is a $ form without yellow central spot on hindwings, which are unicoloured brown- virago.
black. Prom Mostar. In regard to the hybrids with punctata vide remarks under that species.

5. Genus: Apisa Wkr.

Of this purely ethiopian Genus, which has been dealt with more fully in Vol. 14, p. 51, a palaearctic
representative has been discovered in Cyrenaica. They are heavy bodied insects which are found at light at
night. Proboscis rudimentary, palpi porrect, hairy. Antennae of both sexes bipectinated, shorter in The
entire body densely haired. Veins 4 and 7 of the small hindwings are absent. The only species resembles the
Genus type: canescens Wkr. that occurs northwards, of Sierra Leone and is possibly a subspecies of same.

A. manettii Trti. (5 f). Smaller than canescens Wkr. (Vol. 14, p. 52) with more truncate apex. Wings marietta.
transparent, impure brownish white with somewhat darker veins, also the subcostal area is more densely covered
with dark hairs; fringes of G whitish, of $ brownish. Body densely covered with grey-brown hairs; shaft of
antennae whitish, pectinations brownish. Bengasi (Cyrenaica); August to October.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Syntomidae.

r * signifies that the form is also illustrated at the place quoted.

acelidota Synt. Galvagni Verb. Zool. bot. Ges. Wien, 74/75,
p. (2), 1926.

aequipuncta Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 216, 1917. *
alveus Synt. DM. Ent. Z. 42, p. 85, 1928.
analinigra Synt. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 13, 1920.
ancillaeides Dys. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 9, p. 170, 1929.
arcuata Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 215, 1917.
aurivala Schaw. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 1923, p. 161.

bessarabica Synt. Stdr. Iris 38, p. 219, 1924.
biga Synt. Stdr. (herthula) Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
biga Synt. Stdr. (phegea) Ent. Anz. 1, p. 116, 1921.
bimaculata Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 18, 1921.
bipuncta Dys. Stdr. Ent. Z. 35, p. 16, 1921.
bipunctata Dys. Buresch Arb. Bulg. Nat. Ges. 14, p. 19,
1914.

burgeffi Dys. Drf. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 2, p. 58. *

cataleptica Synt. Stdr. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 14, p. 59. 1914.
centripuncta Synt. Krug. Soc. Ent. 34, p. 44, 1919.
cerberus Synt.. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 118, 1921.
changiana Synt. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 82, A, 2, p. 81, 1916.
cuprea Synt. Stdr. Lep. Rundscb . Wien, 2, p. 217, 1928.

danieli Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 118, 1921.

decadica Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 116, 1921.

degenerata Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 118, 1921.

depravata Dys. Stdr. Ent. Z. 35, p. 16, 1921.

divisa Synt. Stdr. (phegea) Ent. Anz. 1, p. 116, 1921.

divisa Synt. Rocci (italica) Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.

evanescens Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 217, 1917. *

felkeli Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
fenestrata Synt. Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.
1'euerlierdti Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
flavocingulata Synt. D. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924. *

genzana Synt. Mats. I. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 75, 1927. *
gigantea Svnt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 222, 1917.

hertkina Dys. Stdr. Ent. Z. 35, p. 16, 1921.
lierthula Synt. Stdr. Int. Ent. Z. 13, p. 204, 1920.
herzii Synt. (B.-Haas i. 1.) Trt. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 224, 1917.
hyrcana Synt. A. B.-Haas Iris 26, p. 107, 1912. *

[ immaculata Synt. Krug. Soc. Ent. 34, p. 44, 1919.
imperfecta Dys. DM. Ent. Z. 42, p. 86, 1928.
inornata Dys. Stdr. Iris 29, p. 31, 1915.
j inversa Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 116, 1921.
italica Synt. Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.

kammeli Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 118, 1921.
kaschmiriensis Dys. Iiothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 441, 1910.

lacrimans Dys. Stdr. Ent. Z. 35, p. 16, 1921.
luetkemeyeri Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.

manettii Ap. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 46, 1924. *
mar j ana Synt. Stdr. Ztschr. wiss. Ins. Biol. 9, p. 238, 1913. *
| marjanoides Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
j mendax Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 116, 1921.
i minuta Dys. Stdr. Ent. Ztschr. 35, p. 16, 1921.

| mixta Synt. Krug. Soc. Ent. 34, p. 44, 1919.
monosignata Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 215, 1917. *
monosignata Synt. Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.

oblita Synt. Krug. Soc. Ent. 34, p. 44, 1919.

| ochrea Dys. Mill. Cat. rais., p. 391, 1871 — 75.

| ochsenheimeri Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 215, 1917.

] orbiculifera Synt. Zerny Lep. Cat. 7, p. 18, 1912.
ornata Synt. Skala Lep. Fauna Ma.hr. 2, p. 81, 1912.

parvipuncta Synt. Rocci, Mem, Soc. Ent, Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.
parvipuncta Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 216. 1917. *
paupera Synt, Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent, Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.
pfaehleri Synt. Krug. Soc. Ent, 34, p. 44, 1919.
pfluemeri Synt, Rocci Mem. Soc. Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.
pfluemeroides Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 218, 1917.
j phegeides Synt. Spada Nat. Siz. 12, p. 114, 1900.
phegeoides Synt, Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 217, 1917. *
phegeulus Synt. Stdr. Ent, Anz. 1, p. 116, 1921.
phegeus Synt. Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent, Ital. 2. p. 10, 1923.
phegeusida Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 218, 1917.
philippsi Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
plinius Synt. Stdr. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 71, p. 13, 1921.
postcaecata Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 220, 1917.
posticeprivata Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
privata Synt. Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.
pseudocloelia Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 218, 1917.
pseudomarjana Svnt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 116, 1912.

60

Lnclex and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Syntomidae.

puellula Synt. St dr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
punctilla Dys. (hybr.) Denso Iris 26, p. 135, p. 1921.
punctulata Synt. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 13, 1920.

quadriga Synt. Ent. St dr. Ent. Anz. 1. p. 118, 1921.
quadrimacula Synt. Kriig. Soc. Ent. 34, p. 44, 1919.
quadripuncta Dys. St dr. Ent. Ztschr. 35, p. 16, 1921.
quercii Synt. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 45, p. 233, 1913.
quinquemacula Synt. Krug. Soc. Ent. 34, p. 44, 1919.

ragazzi Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 218. 1917. *
rebeli Synt. St dr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 118. 1921.
reducta Synt. Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 2. p. 10, 1923.
reinstalled Synt. St dr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 116, 1921.
repicta Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 215, 1917. *
repicta Synt. Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 2, p. 10, 1923.
repicta Synt. Stdr. Lep. Rundschau, Wien 2, p. 217, 1928.
rossiea Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 219, 1917. *

I

salticola Synt. Stdr. Lep. Rundschau, Wien 2, p. 217, 1928. I
seniidiaphana Synt, Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 215, 1917.
semidiaphana Dys. Stdr. Ent, Ztschr. 35, p. 15, 1917.

seminigra Synt. Kriig. Soc. Ent. 34, p. 44, 1919.
seminigroides Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
septemmaculata Synt, Miiller Int. Ent, Z. 14, p. 77, 1921.
servulina Dys. Fdz. Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist, Nat. 15. p. 600, 1929.*
silvatica Synt. Stdr. Lep. Rundschau Wien 2, p. 217, 1928.
sontiana Synt. Stdr. Lep. Rundschau Wien 2, p. 92, 1928.
subdivisa Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 218, 1917.

takanonis Synt. Mats. I. coll. Agr. 19, p. 74, 1927. *
taurica Dys. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 58. *
tenera Synt. Stdr. Ent, Anz. 1, p. 117, 1921.
tripuncta Dys. Stdr. Ent. Ztschr. 35, p. 16, 1921.
turbida Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 223, 1917. *
turbidepicta Synt. Stdr. Ent. Rundschau Wien 2, p. 217, 1928.

unipuncta Synt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 56, p. 215, 1917.

virago Dys. Schaw. Yerh. z. b. Ges. Wien 71, p. 163.

warneckei Synt. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 1, p. 116, 1921.

yezonis Synt. Stdr. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 82, A 2, p. 81, 1916.

NOLA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

61

4. Family: Arctiidae.

By Dr. M. Draudt.

The classification made in Volume 2 is retained here, although same does not completely comply with
scientific principles. Callimorphidae, Hypsidae and Nycthemeridae are not real Arctiidae , they differ in very
material points, especially in the arrangement of vein 8 of hindwings. In the latter two families same is conjoined
by a bar with costal wall of cell. In the Callimorphidae it is connected at the base directly with the upper cell
nervure in a vesicular distension. On the other hand in genuine Arctiidae it rises independantly and attaches
itself immediately to the costal wall of cell from which it only separates in middle of cell or behind same.

The editor however laid stress on the fact (p. 43) that the classification he adopted was not supposed to be based
on a scientific ordination of sub-families, but merely represented a lucid synopsis and sub-division. In order
therefore to facilitate reference with the main Volume, we have retained the same sequence in this work.

The real Arctiidae are very subject to aberration which is natural when considering their vivid colour¬
ation and the arrangement of markings. In consequence an almost incalculable number of names have been
created for the commonest species. Many of these are synonymous, because every happy collector or breeder
has considered himself justified in giving his treasured specimen a name, without taking any trouble to find
out whether a name had previously been given to this particular form. It is certainly very difficult to decide
such a matter, as the publication of these particulars is made in numberless small local Journals, which are not
easily accessible to everybody. In fact we ourselves are unable to guarantee that even in this work every single
name has been conscientiously registered, although we have done our best in this regard. Generally speaking
the aberrations "take definite and similar directions and we have tried to arrange the many denominations to
accord with the tendency and direction of the various variations.

1. Group: Nolinae.

1. Genus: Nola Leach.

N. tutulella Zerny (5 h) should be classified behind cucullatella L. (Vol. 2, p. 44, pi. 10 b) to which it is tutuleUa.
very close; antennae are similarly built, palpi somewhat shorter. It is slightly smaller with more pointed and
purer grey forewings; the 1st transverse line is closer to the margin and more deeply curved and regular in its
course; the outer transverse line is more oblique. Genitals differ considerably. From Albarracin in Spain.

June and July. Larvae on Crataegus.

N. distributa Whr. (= major Hamps .) (Vol. 10, p. 108, pi. 13 c and Vol. 14, p. 52, pi. 8 c as "magna”). distribuia.
This species that is known from indo-australian and african territories is well illustrated in the places cited above
and seems to me to be very close to the subsequent species. It is advised as occurring in China.

N. banghaasi West (5 h) is described as being very close to tristica (Vol. 10, p. 108, pi. 13 a). Body banghaasi.
white, abdomen brownish. Forewings white, sparsely dusted with brown with a black inner marginal spot at
base and a similar one in centre; apex brownish; before and behind centre faint sinuate transverse markings
consisting of streaks along the veins. Hindwings white, slightly cloudy at apex. From Ussuri. Mr. 0. Bang-
Ha as was so kind as to place the cotype in his possession at our disposal for illustration.

N. trilmea Marumo is only known to me by description and illustration. x4s many authors do not trilinea.
mention the generic name when giving their descriptions and as the collective name of Nola seems to be
preferred, I cannot say, whether this species should really be classified here. It is white, palpi laterally brown;
antennae bipectinated almost to the tip. Costa of forewings brown, marginal area suffused with brown, appressed

pulchella.

82 DIALITHOPTERA; ROESELIA; MIMERASTRIA; CELAMA. By Dr. M. Dbatjdt.

scales in centre and upper end of cell faintly brown; inner line fine, brown, angulated outwards in cell - from
lower angle of cell there is a brown middle line to inner margin, the brown elbowed line is more or less punctb
01 m. excui ved below costa and on vein 5; the very indistinct subterminal is lined with brownish on inner side-

nnges brownish with dark subdividing line. Hindwings white, clouded towards margin, fringes brown Wing
expanse 18 mm. Tanegashima (Japan). 8 °

N. pulchella Leech (6 b) is also only known to me by illustration and description. Yellowish white
palpi, clypeus and front legs tarsi ringed with white. Abdomen with dark bands. Forewings with an oblique
black and silver scaled small spot before the heavily undulate black antemedian line; a similar silvery scaled
costal spot before the heavily excurved postmedian line and behind same there are several more similar spots
m the post median area; marginal area brown in which is situate a white subterminal line consisting of three
ai cs v ith black spots m the arcs. Margin of hindwing cloudy. Japan.

slellatn.

la. Genus; l>lalitlio|»tera Hmps.

, . q ^fUS 18 cl0Sely r°lat°d to Nola and we would refer to what is written in regard to same in Vol. 10

P' r+h® d|fference is merely the presence of vein 4 on hindwings, which is absent in Nola ; veins 6 and 7

aie not stalked. On forewings vein 6 arises somewhat below the upper angle of cell. Antennae in both sexes
bipectmated, serrated m apical third.

Type ; I), gemma1 a Hmps.

D. stellata Wilem. is very close to gemmata Hmps. (Vol. 10, p. 113, pi. 13 g) from Sikkim. Head and
thorax are white abdomen darker; fore wings with silky gloss, white, yellowish towards base, costal margin
and area behind the postmedian brown, the latter itself is black and curved; subterminal line whitish undulate
and behind same a brown marginal line; both transverse lines are somewhat metallic with blue scales and there

( Ja an)^ aPpreSS1°n °f SCales at close of celP Hindwings grey-brown. Wing expanse: 26 mm. From Hondo

2. Genus: Roeselia Hbn.

h. alb ul a Schiff. (V ol. 2, p. 45, pi. 10 c). We are giving a better illustration (5 h).

thcrnm. R. mesotherma Hamps. (6 a) is to be placed behind albula Schiff. (Vol. 2, p. 45, pi. 10 c). Bodv white

legs brownish. Forewings white, peppered with brown in basal costal area and in middle of margin, ochreous
in discai area with exception of patch at inner margin which is peppered with darker brown; in middle of costal
margin an ochre-brown spot with white edge; transverse lines ochreous brown, as is the inner ed°e of the white
subterminal line. The white hindwings faintly clouded. Central China (Chungking).

R. strigula Schiff. f. monachalis Haw. (Vol. 2, p. 46) is now illustrated (5h).

grisca. R. grisea Hamps. (6 b) is classified by the author to the indo-australian Genus Zia Wkr (Vol 10 p 112)

winch differs from Roeselia _ through vein 10 arising free from cell of forewings. In order not to introduce a
uithei Genus, the species is retained here; it should be placed behind strigula Schiff. (Vol. 2, p. 46). Body
grey-white admixed with brown. Forewings pale grey, peppered with darker scales; transverse lines blackish
i he posterior one curved round close of cell touching the lower angle of cell; in centre and at close of cell dark
appressions of scales; a blackish streak in centre of costa, from lower end of cell an undulate line continuing

to inner margin; a dark subterminal line is indicated. The white hindwings dusted with brown Central China
(Hupeh, Lui-Shin-Tze).

tzygcmlcovi.

3. Genus: Iffmerastria Btlr.

M mandschuriana Obth. (Vol. 2, p. 46, pi. 10 e). The rather too mathematically exact illustration is
replaced here by a better figure (5 h). — subsp. tzygankovi Kozin, established from 2 $$ from the Sajan mountains
at an altitude of 945 m, differs from the name type by a wider discai area on forewings, that is only faintly

s lac ec; w . Pa*e brownish at costa, further by the sharply pronounced reniform stigma, which is edged at
each side with white and by darker hindwings.

5. Genus: €elama

Wkr.

teuJcosticia.

C. cicatr icalis Tr. (Vol. 2,

p. 47, pi. 10 e). — leukosticta Schaw. is a form with pure white ground colour

without darker scalings, from Bosnia. — The main type form, of which the illustration in the main Volume
was not very successful, is being figured here again (5 h).

KITANO LA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

63

C. confusalis H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 47, pi. 10 f). — fuscocurvata DM. is an aberration with wide sinuated fusco-
transverse band with black-brown centre, bordered by strikingly outstanding edges. Described from S. Tyrol. cnrvm

C. centonalis Him. (Vol. 2, p. 47, pi. 10f)(5i). We are giving a fresh illustration of both sexes owing to the
indistinct illustration in main Volume. — ab. fasciata Rebel has an outstanding dark central band. — fumosa fasciala.
Berger (= spitzi Schaw.) is quite uniformly cloudy brown in contrast to the pure white atomosa (Vol. 2, p. 47, fumosa.
pi. 10 f). The 3 tufts of scale appressions are clearly visible. From around Vienna. — holsatica seems to be a holsaiica.
separate race. Nicely marked with more pointed apex to forewings, hindwings with a fairly large shaded band
before the margin from 4/5ths of the costa to closely before the anal angle, which is absent in name form. It
occurs on the Luneburger Heaths to Holstein; very typical specimens are before me from Worpswede ex the
collection of Sohn-Rethel.

0. cristatula Him. (Vol. 2, p. 48, pi. 10 f) (5 i). — kindervateri Schaiv. has forewings suffused with smokey
brown, only before the dark margin there is a fine white line. From Lower Austria (Piesingtal). — praetexta
Ohret. is a form described from S. France with pure white forewings with very delicate but clear and sharply
distinct markings.

C. subchlamydula Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 48) (5 i) is certainly a genuine species and not a form of cristatula-
It has more elongated forewings with more oblique outer margin, is larger and decidedly more sleekly built ; in
consequence of the different shape of the wings, the antemedian runs more obliquely and at the same time is
straighter; forewings not by any means darkly suffused; incrassation of scales at close of cell densely white.
Hindwings paler than in cristatula. — infantula Kitt is smaller with still paler forewings and almost extinct
darker central band with very sharply distinct black dots in the subterminal. Probably a genuine race from
Corsica.

C. kruegeri Trti. (5h) of which a specimen was kindly lent to us by Count Turati for illustrative
purposes, is placed between the former and thymula. Fore wings long, pointed and relatively narrow, pale ash-
grey, incrassations of scales in centre and at close of cell densely brown; transverse lines of same form as in
cucullatella, the outer one widely shaded with brown inwardly; marginal area as in subchlamydula \ fringes grey
with brown dots basally. Hindwings ashy grey with faintly indicated cell dots reflecting through. Sardinia
(Cagliari) at the beginning of April.

C. parvula Ohret. is very close to centonalis but smaller, with yellowish white forewings with a heavy
and distinct spot in disc on underside of fore wings. Fore wings peppered with ochreous brownish especially in
subterminal area; the basal quarter of costa is brown, transverse lines delicate, white, the middle one widely
shaded with brown forming a transverse band peppered with black; 2 black incrassations of scales, the 1st at
the inner line, the 2nd in the central shade at close of cell ; in front of the margin an undulate white subterminal
and behind same a brown spotted marginal line. Hindwings white with brown cell spot. From Biskra. -
Larvae are greenish or yellowish grey with wide silvery white dorsal line edged with brownish yellow. Subdorsal
line is dark brown with warts of the ground colour. They feed on Heliotropium, He! i an them urn and Rumex
hiding on underside of leaves and pupating in a boat-shaped cocoon.

C. chlamitulalis Him. (Vol. 2, p. 48, pi. 10 f). — lathonialis Mill, is a very large form with dark brown lathonialis.
central band which contrasts with the pure white postmedian. Barcelona.

C. euphaea Hmps. (6 a). Body grey peppered with brown; forewings grey-brown densely peppered euphaea.
with brown and black with faint traces of an oblique inner line, the appression of scales in centre of and at
end of cell is black-brown; elbowed line is black with fine dentations, curving inwards under vein 3; a fine dark
line at margin. Hindwings grey-brown with dark marginal line. W. China (Moupin).

C. squalida Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 48, pi. 10 g). Of this small species that is subject to such great variations squalida.
a specimen from Egypt is illustrated which is white with dark bands and very different from the illustration
in the main Volume. Wings of same were too acutely pointed. To the synonyms we have to add: ( = pumila
Snell., grisescens Rothsch.) and to remove: desmotes Turm.

0. innocua Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 48, pi. 10 g) is not synonymous with — costimacula Stgr. from Amur; in the costima-
name form there are rusty brown costal spots on the anterior and posterior transverse lines to the inner margin, Clda

these are absent in costimacula-, the illustration in the main Volume refers to the latter. — japordbia Strd. japonibw.
(= subsp. 1 Ramps.) is the japanese form in which the inner line is less angulated below the cell.

C. thymula Mill. (Vol. 2, p. 48, pi. 10 g); we are giving a better illustration here (5 i).

5a. Genus: Mitaisola Mats.

Differing from Roeselia by the long upstanding palpi; antennae filiform, not ciliate. Scapulae with
upright hairs. On forewings veins 4 — 6 arise from the disco-cellular nervule in equal distances, otherwise the
same as Roeselia, viz: veins 7 — 10 arise stalked. Only one species:

lcruegerl.

parvula.

kinder¬

vateri.

praetexta.

subchlamy¬

dula.

infantula.

64

HYPEUGOA — PARASICCIA. By Dr. M. Dravbt.

sachali-

ncnsis.

,, . * ' sa'hahtletlsis iMafcs. Only known to me from the description and an illustration that seems doubtful

Forewmgs pale yellowish grey with whitish lattice markings and a silky gloss; in centre of wings and near apex

a few brownish scales. Hindwings clouded with paler fringes. Body yellowish white. Wing Expanse • 1 1 mm
iS. baghalin (Ichmosawa) from 1 & 1

2. Group : Lithosiiiiae.

la. Genus: Hypeugoa Leech.

. Stunted proboscis; palpi porrect, short, not extending beyond clypeus; antennae with fine cilia;
i uae with long spurs, abdomen with glossy scales. Forewings with costa bulging at base, then almost straight
maigin somewhat rounded; vein 2 arises from middle of cell, 3 from lower angle of cell from which 4 and 5

anse; 6 and 7 are stalked, similarly 8 and 9, 10 and 11 from the cell. On hindwings 6 and 7 with short
stalk. Only 1 species:

. avogrisea Leech is a fairly large species, head and thorax grey, peppered darker, antennae brownish.
Sewings grey densely peppered with black-brown with darker discal band, somewhat narrower at inner
margin, angulated outwards on its inner edge below the costa, the cell and on vein 1 ; the outer marginal line
dentate; there is an irregularly dentate subterminal line. Hindwings reddish yellow like abdomen the former
peppered with darker scalings. Wing expanse; 44 nun. W. China (Ta-Tsien-lu).

3. Genus: Psilopepla Turn.

yatungiac. ^ P. margaritacea Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 51, Vol. 10, pi. 18 k). — yatungiae Strd. (=
white ground colour, the brown transverse lines boldly developed in Yatung.

ab. 1 Hmps.) has a purer

4. Genus: STudaria Haw.

cilpma. ^ L. mundana L. (= transparens Betz., nuda Hbn., hemerobia Hbn.) (Vol. 2, p. 52, pi. 11 b). _ alpina

rfjeln is the larger (up to 13 mm expanse of forewings) and more intensively dark form from higher altitudes
m Switzerland. The adumbration chiefly affects the margins of all the wings and the veins. — dilucida Spul.

( \ ol. 2, p. 52). V; e are illustrating (5 i) a specimen from the Abruzzi.

4a. Genus: Meteugoa Hmps.

21. ochrivena Hmps. (\ ol. 10, p. 165, pi. 17 b). Of this small grey species with darker central band that
japonica. is known from Assam and Borneo, a form — Japonica Strd. has been discovered in Japan, which only varies
slightly through having a darker median band. From Karapin.

5. Genus: t'omacla Wk

cr.

tramon-

C. senex Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 52, pi. 11 b). — tramontana DU. is the southern alpine race with deeper impure
bro1wn colouration, the central spot on both wings large and bold, also the row of spots is more prominent,
scaling coarser and denser. I nderside more dusky than name type form, the rows of spots before the outer
margin clearer, generally being confluent forming a small band. Occurs especially in S. Tyrol. — ab kar-
IxarvajszJcyi. vajszkyi Dioszeghy is characterised by darker buff colour, densely peppered with black; forewings with 5 black
lines and shaded submarginal band clouded with smokey blackish. It is not clear whether it is a race or an
frnmsa. aberration. Hungary (Comitat Arad). — furnosa Banlces is a uniformly dusky smokey brown form from England

8. Genus: Parasiccia Hmps.

afro alba. P. punctatissima Pouj. (Vol. 2, p. 54). — atroalba Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) is a form of purer white,

alrosuffusa. peppered with black both on thorax and forewings. — atrosuffusa Strd. (= ab. 2 Hmps.) on the contrary is
heavily dusted with black. Both forms from China.

perirroraia. ^ P. perirrorata Hmps. (6 a). White heavily peppered with black-brown, palpi spotted with black.

toievings with extinct subbasal band, a curved antemedian band that expands forming a spot on costa and
a biown band before the postmedian line; a dot in centre of cell and above same a costal spot, a discal lunule
at close of cell; subterminal irregularly angulated, a row of dots on margin. The white forewings are dusted
with grey. W. China (Kia-ting-fu, Omei-shan).

PubL 29. X. 1931. MILTOCHRISTA; — PAIDIA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 65

11. Genus: Miltodirista fib.

M. miniata Forst. (Vol. 2, p. 55, pi. lid, e). A number of aberrations have been named; we illustrated
in the main Volume the colour variation — crocea (not “crogea”) Bign. (5 k) with pale yellow forewings with
no trace of red, jlava Krul. is presumably the same. — virginea Delahaye seems to be a similar form with virginea.
lemon-yellow forewings and very distinct black markings and almost pure white hindwings — deleta Hofer deletu.

( = destrigata Dill, has no dentate transverse line in the disc and no basal strigula whilst the row of dots at
margin is retained. From the S. Tyrol, Drautal and Vienna and probably occurring elsewhere. — fasciata fasciata.

Rebel is a form in which the space between the transverse line and the outer row of dots is suffused with

blackish whilst in — philippsi Gostantini the narrow discal area is blackened, the two central lines are closely philippsi.
approximated and become confluent on discoidal nervure ; instead of dots in the submarginal area it is marked
with fine lines. From 1 $ from Regium. — confluens Lamb, is a form in which the dentate line is confluent confluens.

with the marginal dots. — rosaria Btlr. is being illustrated afresh (5k).

M. ruf a Leech (Vol. 2, p. 56, pi. 12 c). 0. Bang-Haas would prefer to see this classified in the subsequent
Genus Nrnlina Stgr., and it might quite well be placed there, as outwardly it closely resembles artaxidia Btlr.,

as will be seen in comparing our two illustrations (5 k). - ussuriensis 0. B.-H. (5 k) is not rose-red like the ussuriensis.
Chinese name type, but of orange colour with a grey band extending from the 1st third of costa to the centre
of the wing, merging with the wide antemarginal band. There are black dots in the interstices of the somewhat
reddish margin. Hindwings orange-yellow with black marginal band. S. Ussuri (Sutshansk). — ab. flava 0. jlava.
B.-H. is denominated from a straw coloured $ from the same locality.

12. Genus: ATiiclinsi Stgr.

N. artaxidia Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 56, pi. Ilf). We are giving a fresh illustration (5k).

13. Genus: Apaidia H.-Schdjj.

A. rufeola Rbr. (Vol. 2, p. 57, pi. 11 f). The rather poor illustration of this rare insect is being supple¬
mented by a better one from a perfect specimen from Rome (Coll. Sohn-Rethel). (5 k).

13a. Genus: Scliistophleps Hmps.

Of this Genus which has been dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 129 and which comprises 10 indo-australian
species, a representative has now been found in palaearctic territory in Japan. It is very close to Nudaria
from which it chiefly differs by the very wide costal area with supplementary veins. Besides subcostal nervure
6 is not stalked with 7 and 8 but rises below upper angle of cell and there is a No. 9 which is stalked
with 10.

S. bipuncta Hmps. (Vol. 10, p. 129, pi. 15 h). This delicate transparent insect with brownish yellow Mpuncta.
lines and cell dots and which reminds one in its appearance of N. mundana L. (Vol. 2, p. 52) has also been
found in Japan.

15. Genus: I’aldia Hbn.

P. murina Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 57, pi. Ilf). — fuliginosa Reisser denominates the race from Sierra Nevada, fuliginosa.
of dark grey ground colour like P . muscerda without any yellowish admixture ; hindwings are scarcely any
paler. conjuncta Shzo. (Vol. 2, p. 5/) is being illustrated here (5 1) and also the large white form — albescens
Stgr. (5 1) from Syria.

P. bodenheimeri sp. n. (5 k) reminds one somewhat of the form albescens Stgr. of the preceding species, boden-
but it is only half the size and much more daintily built and more thinly scaled. Besides it can be immediately heimeri.
recognised by the entirely different antennae, which in the are shortly pectinated, very dense and coarsely
on dorsal side, scaled with brownish yellow, whilst in murina they are bluntly serrate with tufty cilia each with
long pinnae. White; head and collar faintly suffused with brownish yellow, palpi black-brown. Costa of fore¬
wings black-brown to centre ; arrangement of spots very similar to murina, but the spots are not so distinct and
black, but more diffuse, very small and grey-brown, the large heavy spot in middle of cell is often only minute
and diffuse; there is often a longitudinal streak of grey-brown in fold of cell, in fact all spots inclined to be
distorted forming longitudinal streaks; a wide brown-grey spot is situate above close of cell. Hindwings devoid
of markings. Described from 4 SS from Dilb near Jerusalem taken at light and kindly placed at our disposal
by Dr. Fbitz S. Bodenheimer.

Supplementary Volume 2 9

66

ASURA; PHILEA; CYBOSIA; ENDROSA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

17. Genus : Asura Wkr.

discisigna.

intermedia.

irregularis.

h»- W AVdiSCiSigT Yl 153' ?*• 17 k>- This sPecies that occurs in Assam and further in Borneo

■ , lscovele ln -hma (bzechuan), Kwantung and Omi-hsien by the expedition under Stotzner Fore

iwngs pale yellow, not orange, with a discal dot: specimens from Shantung show beyond same a suffused wide
dark band and a srm.lar submarginal band, Hindwings quite yellowish white without makings

(Vcl 2 f TIa n hT Tb„be Clanified nf Kf6” TamdaS HmpS- (Vo1' 10- P- >44' P1- 17 <D and dacara Mr.

1 • ‘ "4 ■ ' 1 ■ 11 Thorax yellow with black dots over collar and thorax, abdomen blackish with vellow

}airS, °re" ^gS Wlth black basal sPot on and below costa, the one on the costa extends in a dark streak -

which H Paile >7’ baSe and, TrgmS’ apeX and fringeS yellow’ also a costal spot in the posterior 3rd of cell

angle ^ ^

A. intermedia Marumo is related to obsoleta Mr. (Vol. 10 p. 146 pi 17 e) Yellow fVmrcv +

t^;^^?l:artdhged tlh blaCk; f°reWingS Wibh black basal sPot’ subbasally and before the centre

tHe baSe' Hi"dWingS ‘^Parent yellow. Wing expanse:

A irregularis Hmps. (8 a). Body white with a black mark at vertex, anterior tibia with brown band Fore
rings white, costa with reddish shade in middle, at base dusted with black; with black streaks subbasally
below cell and above inner margin, with 3 black transverse lines anterior to, in and

last named being heavy and irregularly dentate; a black spot at close of cell and an arched row of ’dots
subterminally on veins, Hindwings white with rosy hue, similarly underside of forewings Hainan

18. Genus: Philea Z.

e ni , Ph' lZ°relnl Clr !Vob 2’ P- 59, pL 11 ip ~ There are the following synonyms to the coffee-brown
fumosa Sandbg (Vol. 2. p. 59): fumata Strd., brunnescens Hirschke, these dusky forms occur occasionally
over the entire territory in which this species occurs; if this dark colouration occurs in t e “Zf
brunnea. we have - brunnea Vorbr. Still darker melanic specimens are named - rica Frr. these occur for i 1 nl
vseuZ- , 6 Lngadmf An “teresting small form — pseudokuhlweini Vorbr. is more densely scaled and a deeper vellow

or LTboldTnd ST h ? f°rmati0n °f antennae and neuration; black spot-marking

, F g b , aiJd deal ly outlined, but not so heavy as in kuhlweini Hb., with which it might be mistaken

P0 “AlmAIbh"', r'wT T S- fwitzenand (Airolo, Chiasso etc.,. - pon.icad (5 m, are smalf spec!m“th

form ' L a Ch7;J » f J ed ™«s w‘th obUqne outer margin, a pale form from Pontus. The
toims — lata Christ, and - flavicans Bsd. are illustrated (5 1) from typical specimens.

19. Genus: Cybosia Hbn.

„ f i * . niesomella L. (Vol. 2, p. 60, pi. 11 k). The type is the pale ivory-yellow form Specimens that are
lava, darker yellow to orange-yellow are named — flava Preiss. (= mesomellula Strd.). Pure white specimens also

~ rtr named,Tall:escens closs < = aibkia <*■*««> « u- - ««««.., a-™,. , =

everywhere 1 “ ' " ' ** W*«k *•» -‘-ely absent: it is to be met with occasionally

20. Genus: Eurtrosa Hbn.

brunnea.

transversa.

baltica.

bosniaca.

arp ,A rosclda Schlfl (Vob 2’ P- 60> P1- 11 k). - brunnea Vorbr. are dusky deep brown specimens which
fnrn! b / d more frequently in Switzerland. In - transversa Vorbr. the central row of .pot.

verwah n7VerSei • ,7 bal«“ is paler, yellowish white, costa, outer and inner margins put

ye ow, hindwings deep yellow with blackish at base. Described from Oeland. - - bosniaca Rebel is similar to
brunnea but the wings are not dusky deep brown, although forewings and hindwings are adunibrated Wa k sli
sigmfera from the Malden Pass (Bosnia). - signifera Rebel corresponds to signata of irrorella viz- t Sere is a short

S“bAt0rtngtyW C°Sta ““ ^ -curved angular mark in' the d“‘

T3& m„ J- huUwfni «*• (Wl. 2, p. 60, pi. 11 k, 1). - complutoides Strd. now takes the place of c om pinto

brunnea. co ‘(^ “mTf 'ffi 1W?P“* T" ^ be ^^"“us with aurita. whilst

, A 7 g- Y 1S 0111 ±oim of ^hlwemi. — brunnea Closs is the form that is more or less

suffused with dirk" hr ** ”C0“ f Bfma dossi Heinrich based »” * specimen that is heavily

suffused w.th dark brown on upper and undersides and which was captured in the neighbourhood of Berlin

CHIONAEMA; OEONISTIS; AGYLLA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

67

(Strausberg) is probably the same. paucipuncta Gloss are specimens with reduced black spots. — radiata
Gloss has the median nervure of hindwings heavily dusted with black in the shape of a prong and is denominated
from a captured in the neighbourhood of Berlin (Strausberg). — fasciata Spul. denotes specimens in which
the spots of the inner row are enlarged whilst those of the outer row form a line.

E. alpestris Z. (Vol. 2, p. 60) (5 1) is according to the researches of M. Hering decidedly a separate
species with a different genital apparatus and by no means a form of Jcuhlweini ; alpestris has also distinctly
much heavier antennae than Jcuhlweini ; the individual sections are thicker at their extremities and separated
from one another by deep grooves. The species is larger than Jcuhlweini and with brighter colour, the abdomen
has heavier black bands. — ab. mutans DJil. like aurita-transiens and irrorella-signata has the spots of the
two inner transverse rows conjoined by fine black streaks.

E. aurita Sulz. (= compluta Hbn. 108, irrorella Sulz.) (Yol. 2, p. 60, pi. 11 1). — fuliginosa Blach. has
wings suffused with blackish brown, the spots are grey-brown, not black. — catherinei Oberth. (= brunnea
Heydem., fumosa Seitz ) is a deep brown form, belonging to the form imbuta F, with black dusted veins, which
however does not extend to the marginal dots, whilst this is the case in ramosa. Possibly — sagittataRdtz.
(5 m) is a separate species, to which probably also — transiens belongs, as well as — transversa Vorbr. with
conjoined transverse band in centre of forewings. — obliterata DM. is an extreme ramosa form with forewings
so heavily blackened that only narrow yellow longitudinal streaks of ground colour are left; sometimes also
there are delicate black rav-like streaks on hindwings extending from base and with heavier marginal spots.
Described from 8 GS from the Stilfser Joch. — marginata Rocci from the southern slopes of the Simplon
has scarcely any traces of the basal and central row of spots on forewings, whilst the marginal row is large,
so that a band is almost created, this extends on hindwings almost to anal angle. — seminigra Rocci only
retains the yellow at outer margin on both wings, the basal area is black and brownish extending from the
veins. From Exilles. — semipunctata Rocci only has the submarginal row of spots on forewings, hindwings
are unicoloured yellow. Piedmont.

E. arterica Trti. (5 m) is larger than ramosa whilst otherwise outwardly it strongly resembles same;
scaling is considerably denser, colouration intensive ochreous orange, in quite fresh and alive specimens
with a faint violet sheen. Veins widely deep black, marginal spots very heavy, cuneiform, partly confluent.
Hindwing spots similarly very large. Abdomen quite black without yellow bands but with a few ochreous
orange hairs only at tip. — Larva with much longer hairs, deep red ventiically, upperside black-brown with
bright chrome-yellow stripes. Genital apparatus differs from that of ramosa. According to recent researches
it is probable that besides sagittata, also imbuta Him., pallens Mill and also ramosa F. are genuine species,
which will be found to differ slightly in the genital organs from aurita, but the last word has not yet been said
on this theme.

21. Genus: Chlonnema H.-Schaff.

C. alba Moore (Vol. 2, p. 61, pi. 12 a). — corea Strd. is a form discovered at Gensan (Corea) in which
the apical portion of costa and the margin of fore wings are more widely coloured with scarlet and also the
outer marginal area of hindwings is suffused with red.

24. Genus: €)eoiiistis Hbn.

0. quadra L. (Vol. 2, p. 63, pi. 12 d). — obscura Schaw. are BS from the N. Tyrol (Kufstein) in which
the forewings, especially in central area are heavily adumbrated with blackish, only the basal area remaining
yellow. — extensa Gloss established from a $ specimen from Berlin, but which also occurs no doubt elsewhere,
with the metallic blue spots of forewings considerably increased in size and extended lengthwise. — de-
pauperata Henriot (= insolata Dhl.) are <$<$ specimens in which the metallic blue-green costal streak at
base of forewings is absent; the form is generally paler than usual and besides the adumbration of outer
area is almost entirely absent, also that on costa of hindwings. This form was first observed among speci¬
mens from France (Gironde) but later has also been described from the S. Tyrol. — luteomarginata Lamb.
from Belgium are similar specimens in which the adumbration of the outer area is missing, it is unicoloured
yellow.

26. Genus: Agylla WJcr.

A. holochrea Hmps. (Vol. 2, p. 64). We are giving an illustration of this species (6 b).

A. stotzneri Draes. is very close to A. ramelana Moore (Vol. 10, p. 200, pi. 15 i) from Sikkim etc.,
but forewings are not white but yellow-grey with a brown-black spot on costa just beyond centre and a
second one between veins 1 and 2. Hindwings white with darker apex and outer margin. Head, thorax and
abdomen, costa of forewings from base to the black spot are more or less grey to whitish. Fringes of forewings
yellow-grey, of hindwings white. A large brown spot on underside of forewings that covers nearly the entire

pauci-

puncta.

radiata.

fasciata.

alpestris.

muta.ns.

fuliginosa.

catherinei.

transversa.

obliterata.

marginata.

seminigra .

semipunc¬

tata.

arterica.

corea.

obscura.

extensa.

depau-

perata.

luteomar¬

ginata.

stotzneri.

PARABITECTA; LITHOSIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

68

surface, only leaving a quarter of the length of wings free at outer margin. It closely resembles Oe. quadra Q.
Szechuan (Oini-hsien, Ta-tsien-lu, Kwantung).

subin- A. subinfuscata Draes. Closely resembles holochrea Hmps. (Vol. 2, p. 64) differs by the yellowish

fusccdci. antennae, yellow-brown forewings with diffuse dusky hue. A few specimens have 2 dark indistinct spots, one
in the cell, befoie angle of same, the other nearer the base between nervures 1 and 2. Hindwings creamy
yellow. On underside forewings have a dusky discal area. Szechuan (Omi-hsien, Ta-tsien-lu).

26a. Genus: I*aral>itecta M . Hering

Very similar to the indo-australian Genus Bitecta Heyl. (Vol. 10, p. 203). Vein 5 of forewings is almost
extinct, completely so in hindwings. On forewings vein 2 rises at base strongly curved from centre of cell.
3 and 4 are stalked, 7, 8 and 10 stalked, 9 is absent; 6 rises from a spot with the stalk of 7 — 10; 11 is
heavily curved approximating 12 but not anastomosing; an areola is absent, the cell is narrow. On hindwings
3 and 4 as well as 6 and 7 are stalked, 8 rises from middle of cell. G antennae ciliate, palpi short, porrect.

itavu. P. flava Draes. denominated from a $ from Ta-tsien-lu. Body and forewings ochreous yellow, the

latte i with 2 black spots between veins 3 and 4 and between vein 1 and inner margin. Hindwings paler
yellow. Underside of fore wings darker in disc and on upperside at this spot densely scaled with long hairy
scales.

28. Genus: Uthosia F.

foeminea. L. deplana Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 65, pi. 12 g). — foeminea Guen. is a $ form with $ colouration and uni-

unicolora. coloured grey hindwings without marginal band. - unicolora Guen. is a $ form with bright ochreous yellow
forewings as in unita, with lighter hindwings even more so than in ochreola Hbn.

rondoui. L. griseola Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 65, pi. 12 g, h). — rondoui Oberth. is a sub-form of flava Haw. = strami-

neola Dbl. with somewhat darker and deeper grey hindwings, otherwise a yellow form from the Pyrenees.

okiensis. L. okiensis Miyake is to be classified after griseola (Vol. 2, p. 65). It is close to the american species

paUida Pack, and uniformis Dyar (Vol. 6, p. 290, pi. 36 g and h) which is placed in the purely american
Genus Crambidia Pack. It is unicoloured grey-brown, underside being somewhat more brownish and has a
wing expanse of 22 mm. Saigo (Japan).

jacobsi. L. jacobsi Hmps. (6 b) to be classified after bipuncta (Vol. 2, p. 66, pi. 12 h). Head, thorax and ab¬

domen brownish grey; femur and tibiae of front legs blackish on upperside, the two hinder femora and tibiae
and the tarsi being blackish at their extremities; tip of abdomen red-brown. Fore wings brownish grey, black
spots on discal and submedian folds beyond centre of costa. Hindwings pale yellow. Morocco (Tangiers):
besides widely distributed in Africa extending to the Gold Coast and S. Nigeria.

spodeota. L. caniola Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 67, pi. 12 k). — spodeola Zerny denotes the andalusian subspecies which

differs by the darker grey forewings with brighter yellow and considerably wider costa. Mid to end of May
at Algeciras,. Chiclana, Malaga, Gibraltar and Tunis; specimens from Taormina in Sicily form a transition.
C°noFdes c°mplan°ides Pucks is a darker form being as dark mouse-grey as lurideola, somewhat paler at apex;
non es, scapulae, mesothorax and abdomen being also mouse-grey excepting a yellow anal tuft. — vitellina Bsd. is
vitellides. renamed vitellides by Strand, because a unita form was named vitellina Tr. (Vol. 2, p. 67).

!riJsea L' lutarella L' (Vo1 2> P- 68’ P1- 13 a)- — nigrogrisea Peets from the moors around Hanover appears

to be a good local form ; it is distinguishable by the unicolourous blackish grey forewings and hindwings ; on
the former only the costa and fringes are yellow ; also the body is grey only anal tuft being yellow. Pfennig-
schmidt later described transitions from the same locality. These approach lutarella and have more or less
yellow forewings, whilst hindwings always remain grey-black with at the best a yellowish anal angle. Very

meiardca Similar sPecimens to this are described by Strand as — postmelanica. In this the forewings are yellow, rather
palei at costa. Hindwings black with ochreous fringes and marginal line which expands somewhat towards
anal angle, bod} and head black, collar and also scapulae yellow. From Ignalino (Lithuania). Petersen
also mentions similar specimens from Esthland under the denomination: pygmaeola-, however the real
pygmaeola. pygmaeola Doubl. (Vol. 2, p. 68) which is classified under pallifrons in the main Volume, is probably a genuine
species. It is very small; body pale ashy grey with yellowish tinge, forewings similarly, pale straw-yellow
dihdu. at costa: hindwings whitish with wide ashy-grey patch at costa. — diluta Rothsch. is devoid of yellow, fore
and hindwings are pale stony grey inclining to yellowish white. Algeria.

(trisect. L. pallifrons (Vol. 2, p. 68, pi. 13 a),

only the fringes are yellow.

grisea Pucks from the Rheingau has grey wings and body,

PELOSIA ; MANOBA; SCAPTESYLE. By Dr. M. Draudt.

69

L. predotae Schaw. A small, very striking species on account of its dark colour. Smaller than pyg-
maeola being only 21 — 26 mm wing expanse. Narrow winged and of frail build, forewings only 3 mm wide.
Grey-black, forewings somewhat paler with a tinge of yellow, blackish to ochreous grey, with narrow yellow
to reddish yellow streak along the costa to apex. Hindwings deeper grey-black, occasionally with yellowish
patch in anal region with blackish grey fringes, the latter often with yellowish hue. Head, thorax and anal
tuft are bronze to yellow-brown, the rest of the abdomen grey-black. Apex of forewings is rounded, apex
of hindwings more pointed, the outer margin scarcely convex; hindwings are only double as wide as forewings;
antennae with very fine pectinations. The $ which was discovered later is somewhat paler grey-yellow on
forewings and is smaller, only 18 mm; also hindwings are paler grey with yellowish tinge, only somewhat
darker grey at costa. Captured in August at Albarracin in Spain.

L. sordidula Rbr. (Vol. 2, p. 68, pi. 13 a) occurs according to Fritz Wagner at Ain Draham in Tunis.

L. sericeoalba Rothsch. (6 a). Head and thorax yellowish white with the exception of scapulae which
are white ; pectus white, legs ochre-yellow ; abdomen pale yellowish grey laterally with yellow tinge especially
on the last 3 segments. Eorewings silky, glossy white, hindwings faintly reddish yellow. Underside of fore¬
wings dusted with brown except at apex costal area of hindwings similarly dusted with brown. Wing expanse :
36 mm. From Kopet Dagh near Askhabad.

L. sororcula Hujn. (Vol. 2, p. 68, pi. 13 b, c). — plutnbea Rebel has lead-grey forewings, only the
costa and fringes retaining the yellow. Described from Herculesbad.

L. interpositella Strcl. (= interposita Rothsch. nec Hamps.) (6 a as “interposita”). Head and thorax
are pale grey- white, abdomen reddish buff. Forewings silvery white with black-brown at base of costa, hind¬
wings milky white with reddish grey hue. Underside of forewings brownish excepting costal area and costa
of hindwings. Wing expanse: 28 — 34 mm. Algeria (Guelt-es-Stel).

L. gibrati Oberth. is very like caniola but much larger and deeper grey; upperside of forewings pale
mouse-grey, hindwings paler grey; head, collar, anal tuft of abdomen and costa of fore wings yellow; under¬
side grey, only pale yellow at apex of forewings and margin of hindwings. From Morocco (Mrassine).

29. Genus': Pelosia Hbn.

P. muscerda Hufn. (Vol. 2, p. 70. pi. 13 d). — concolor Schultz is an aberration in which the oblique
band of black dots behind the centre and the two spots over centre of inner margin of forewings are absent.
Captured at Berlin and near Oisterwijk (North Brabant). — desaburrata DM. denotes an unimportant trans¬
ition to concolor that occurs fairly frequently in S. Tyrol. The spot markings are reduced in size and number.
Such specimens are usually somewhat paler in shade and with less pronounced costal margin.

P. albico^tata Hmps. (6 b). Grey-brown or blackish brown; vertex, legs, underside of abdomen and
tip yellowish white. Forewings with faint yellow- white streak along costal margin, fringes of both wings of
the same shade. Japan. ‘

P. sachalinensis Mats, reminds one in its form of ramosula Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 70, pi. 13 e) differing by
the smaller size, being only 16 mm wing expanse. Further the inner margin of forewings is not darkened,
whilst veins stand out prominently and are darker. Hindwings dusky grey-brown with pale yellowish fringes.
Front and 1st pair of hindlegs and antennae excepting their base are brown-black. From S. Saghalin (Ichino-
sawa). End of July.

29a. Genus: Manoba Wkr.

This Genus, formerly designated Stictane Hmps., is described in the indo-australian Part (Vol. X.
p. 195) embraces a species that is also found in China north of 30° latitude. They are small Nola- like insects
with well developed proboscis, porrect sleek palpi; antennae serrate and with tufts of cilia. Wings short and
wide with very convex costa.

M. rectilinea Snell (Vol. 10, p. 196, pi. 16 a) has grey forewings in the type form with blackened
costal base, 3 black spots anterior to centre, oblique black central line and a black spot at lower angle of
cell; posterior to the centre a row of black dots and beyond same a black-brown costal mark; hindwings
pale brownish. The form — chinesica Strd. differs by having a wide band of black-brown shading beyond the
central line. From Shanghai; the type form from Siam and Celebes.

29b. Genus: Seaptesyle Wkr.

This is mainly an indo-australian Genus described in Vol. 10, p. 181. Proboscis well developed, short
porrect palpi, antennae ciliate. On forewings lower median nervule arises from lower angle of cell, 4 and 5
rising stalked from same; similarly 7 — 9 stalked, 10 and 11 from cell. On hindwings 3 and 4 are stalked,
similarly 6 and 7.

predotae.

sordidula.

sericeo¬

alba.

plumbea.

inter¬

positella.

gibrati.

concolor.

desabur¬

rata.

albi-

costata.

sacha¬

linensis.

chinesica.

70

LEPISTA; GNOPHRIA; PHRYGANOPSIS ; COSCINIA. By Dr. M. Dragdt.

S. szetschwana Braes, very like tricolor Wkr. (Vol. 10, p. 181. pi. 16 d) but not only the apex of hind-
wings, but the entire margin is widely black; only the scapulae but not the collar are yellow; otherwise the
wings are golden yellow, forewings with large coppery red marginal spot that is edged with black. Szechuan.

Genus: Geplsta Wllgm.

L. arabica Rebel. This species that actually does not belong to palaearctic territory, occurring at Ras Partak
(on the southern coast of Arabia) has erroneously been illustrated on pi. 6 a.

30. Genus: Gnophria Steph.

canescens.
parva .

G. rubricollis L. (Vol. 2, p. 70, pi. 13 e). - canescens Strd. ( = ab. 1 Hmps.) has pale grey hindwings.
Locality is not stated. parva Schaw. is a very small high altitude form from Sellajoch having wing expanse
of only 23 mm, not varying otherwise.

30a. Genus: Phryganopsis Fldr.

An african Genus that is dealt with in Vol. 14, p. 86. it differs materially from Lithosia by the abs¬
ence of the proboscis. The only palaearctic species has been dealt with in the place just cited.

Ph. unipuncta Hmps. (Vol. 14, p. 86, pi. Ilf) is again illustrated here (6a). Head and thorax are
brownish ochre, front und first pair of hindlegs brown-black, abdomen yellow white. Fore wings ochre-yellow
with brownish dusting, with small round black cell end spot. Hindwings yellow- white. Algeria (Hammam
es Salahin).

4. Sub-family Micrarctiinae.

bipunctata

32. Genus: Coscinia Hbn.

o P- 72, pi. 13 f). V arnecke has taken the trouble to classify the forms of this
are adopting his classification. He separates: 1, paler forms: pallida Btlr

( = xanthoptera Oberth., bipunctata auct„ nec Stgr.) (Vol. 2, p. 72, pi. 13 f) with yellow and yellowish white fore¬
wings, the dark streaks on forewings completely extinct, only 1 or 2 dots at close of cell retained ; hindwings
somewhat less blackened than in normal specimens. - laetifica St dr. are $ specimens also of yellowish white
colour m which also the dots at end of cell are absent. Hindwings are ochre-yellow with faintly indicated central
streak and marginal band. — 2, adumbrated forms: — intermedia 8 pul. (Vol. 2, pi. 13 f [not'“b”]) with darker
hindwings, specimens forming a transition to melanoptera. — melanoptera Brahm (Vol. 2, pi. 13 f) (6 b) has
completely black hindwings. — nigrociliata Schaw. are melanoptera in which the otherwise yellow fringes are
also black. — funerea Warn. (= funerea auct. nec Ev.) are the rare completely black specimens in which the
abdomen however retains the yellow ringlets. nigra Spul. ( = aterrima Gaede) are similar black specimens
but with completely black abdomen without yellow ringlets; described from the neighbourhood of Berlin.

- 3, compound forms : pfeifferi Stdr. has quite white forewings without streak markings and without cell

end spots with approximately normal hindwings, which may, however, be slightly adumbrated. Only found
among specimens from the Karst. — commerelli Stdr. is marked similar to the former or laetifica on forewings
having, however, completely black hindwings; a very striking form from Istria. — albida Schulze has the entire
yellow colouration of wings and body on upper and undersides replaced by white with normally retained streak
markings. Established from specimens from Spreewald, but probably occurring occasionally everywhere. —
incompleta Oberth. closely resembles the preceding pallida form but forewings are quite white, whilst pallida
inclines slightly to yellowish on fore wings. — extrema Bocci described from Piedmont exceeds pfeifferi, fore¬
wings the same but hindwings with only a very small pale cell spot.

C. bipunctata Stgr. ( Vol. 2, p. 72) is according to Warnecke certainly a genuine species and not merely
a form of striata that occurs also in the Amur territory, being of regular size with typical striata markings,
forewings somewhat paler yellow, hindwings more heavily black. According to Staudinger’s original diagnosis
bipunctata was decidedly smaller than striata (wing expanse: 29—35 mm), ground colour paler, generally yellow-
white. at all events the basal area of forewings was paler; 2 large well separated black spots at end of cell
one above the other, occasionally united forming a lunule; the black streaks are partially somewhat obscured,
generally only in disc, at their extremities they appear as separate black striations, in front of which there
11 e the black outer marginal streaks as separated extensions. Hindwings with very wide black costal area,
filling oiit the entire cell, beyond same a yellovr patch, which at lower edge is separated from the remaining
yellow ground colour by a black streak ; also the submedian nervure is streaked with black in the basal area!

C. striata L. (Vol. :
pallida, species systematically; we

laetifica

nigro¬

ciliata.

funerea.

nigra.

pfeifferi.

comme¬

relli.

albida.

incompleta.

extrema.

COSCINIA. By Dr. M. Draitdt.

7 J

The antennae are black with brownish tips and are more heavily pectinated than striata. — funerea Ev. (Vol. 2,
p. 72, pi. 13 e) is a black aberration of same and does not belong to striata , the black forms are characteristic
of this species.

C. miranda Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 72, pi. 13 f) is certainly to be deemed a genuine species; characteristic of
it are the exceptional large size and the pale veins with widely black edges, which are especially prominent
on hindwings where they contrast boldly. This does not occur otherwise in any known striata form. Besides
it has scarlet-red laterally on abdomen. — lugens Oberth. has extensively widened black markings on veins
so that only very narrow yellow stripes are left on forewings, hindwings completely black. Ta-tsien-lu.
dubernardi in contrast has very restricted black, the orange-yellow colour is predominant, veins only narrowly
black. From Tse-ku. Perhaps the species is actually a Gallimorphide.

G. cribraria L. (Vol. 2, p. 72 and 445, pi. 13 g). If we follow the same plan of aberrations of the various
forms varying from type as was the case in striata, viz firstly the paler forms and then the darker ones, we
have — - unicolor Gloss; forewings white without any markings. Described from a $ from Spandau. Of dark
forms we should mention — infuscata Rey powdered all over with grey-black, the black markings only faintly
indicated. — fasciata Gloss has the black spots on forewings confluent forming a wide band. — reducta Gloss
forms a transition in which the inner and outer rows of spots are confluent, whilst the sublimbal row of spots
is absent. Specimens showing the reverse form of variation are — pseudobifasciata DM. ; the black spots,
chiefly those of the transverse bands are extended forming long streaks alongside and between the veins;
especially beyond the cell there is a long streak, which extends from base to just before the outer margin.
Hindwings of pale grey-white extending from base turning to black, in $ completely black. Bred from the
Rhine valley, but occurring everywhere. pseudozatima Krul. Here forewings are adumbrated completely
with brown-black and only the veins are white. Established from a specimen from Jelabuga. — splendida
DM. are especially large and brilliantly white Candida, all spots are missing, even the row of black spots at
extremities of veins is absent. Hindwings pale grey with wide white fringes and without a separating line or row
of dots. A local race from the southern Abruzzi. — Of the well characterised southern local forms: punctigera,
Candida and chrysocephala aberrative variations have not hitherto been named, whilst of the forms derived
from rippertii Bsd. (6 c) a good number have already been mentioned in the addenda to the second Volume
(p. 445). To these belong': — nevadensis Oberth. a large form with pale reddish yellow ground colour with
brownish interstices; from Sierra Nevada. A form described by Ribbe under the same name from Andalusia
seems to me to be different and this should be renamed: — ribbei n. nov. (= nevadensis Ribbe nec Oberth.).
It is also a large form with especially elongated and pointed forewings being more pronounced than in cribraria.
General colouration white and silky with a slightly greyish tinge; the entire wing with a greater or lesser suf¬
fusion of black. This blackish tinge becomes more dense in 2 distinct longitudinal streaks and also between
the veins it is more apparent; the one extends from just beyond the base to shortly before the outer margin
passing 2 — 2 % mm below the costa, the second similarly parallel to the inner margin and 3 mm above same ;
along the outer margin there are small black dots, also at close of cell 2 black dots. Hindwings unicoloured
grey-white on upperside, much paler than in cribraria, similar to the palest patches of the Candida hindwings.
Underside grey, paler than in cribraria, a slight brownish tone on upperwings; body grey-white, scapulae
somewhat darker, generally without a black dot. Bred from larvae from a bush-like plant from above Alhambra.
Ribbe deems it quite probable that this is a separate species and there is a certain probability in this suppo¬
sition because Candida and chrysocephala, as well as specimens similar to rippertii occur’ there. The question
requires further research. — anglica Oberth. is ashy grey, black spots large, blackish longitudinal streaks
through the cell and along the submedian. In — vernetensis Oberth. the $ is reddish grey, the $ creamy white,
markings reduced to minute dots. — rondoui Oberth. are rippertii specimens with especially large black dots
and rather blacker hindwings. — ab. murina belongs to same; the middle band is displaced towards the posterior
transverse line, the wide central area remains pale, the subterminal is quite absent. — leucomelas Oberth. is
also like rippertii, the subterminal of fore wings is especially pronounced, the hindwings are faintly reddish
yellow with dusky marginal band. — canigulensis Oberth. is a rippertii with a brownish tone, the $ paler grey-
white. — transversata Bubacek similarly belongs to rippertii; here the entire area between posterior transverse
line and subterminal is covered with blackish. — fumidaria 0. B.-H. resembles canigulensis; colour of all
wings smokey brown, on forewings along the costa, as well as below the cell and at inner margin the white
colour is faintly indicated in streaks. Hindwings unicoloured dark, only the white fringes contrast distinctly;
Tannuola Mountains, Shawyr.

C. bifasciata Rbr. (Vol. 2, p. 72, pi. 13 h) is certainly a genuine species, even if same may have evolved
from cribraria through insular isolation; the illustration in the main Volume is not very recognisable and wre
are illustrating same here again (6 b). The name type has interrupted brown-black longitudinal streaks on a
white ground and 2 generally also interrupted oblique bands. — fortestrigata Schaw. are specimens with wide
continuous longitudinal and transverse bands, so that the white ground colour is considerably repressed;
related to the main type by innumerable transition forms. — In paucisignata Schaw. the longitudinal marks
and transverse bands are considerably reduced, so that the white of the ground colour is predominant,
transversata Schaw. is quite white with 2 black-brown very pronounced transverse bands; only rudimentary

funerea.

miranda.

lugens.

duber¬

nardi.

unicolor.

infuscata.

fasciata.

reducta.

pseudo¬

bifasciata.

pseudo¬

zatima.

splendida.

nevadensis.

ribbei.

anglica.

verne¬

tensis.

rondoui.

murina.

leucomelas.

canigu¬

lensis.

trans¬

versata.

fumidaria.

bifasciata.

forte-

strigatc.

pauci¬

signata.

trans¬

versata.

72

tJTETHEISA; OCNOGYNA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

traces of the longitudinal stripes are present before the outer margin, but even these can be absent- fringes
isochroma, checked with black. — isochroma Bubacek are extremely white specimens quite devoid of markings. — brunnea
munnea. Seisser are brownish grey with faint markings and without a trace of white. Limited to Corsica.

Ubyssa. C. libyssa Pung. ( = powelli Oberth.) (Vol. 2, p. 72, pi. 13 i) (6 c) is not in any way connected with the

previous species. The remarkable bronze-black costa separates it definitely from cribraria. It is more grace¬
fully built. Eore wings grey on upper and undersides, hindwings darker on upperside, paler on underside;
head yellow, collar with 2 black dots as have also the scapulae. Abdomen yellow with black ringlets, legs yellow-
grey. The $ has more pointed forewings, white on upperside, with deep black streak on costa/ very finely
peppered with blackish in centre of wings. Hindwings grey-black with white fringes. Head and thorax white.
punctata, abdomen yellow with black spots on upperside, whitish below. Algeria. — punctata Oberth. (Vol. 2. p. 72,
pi. 13 i) (6 c) has 3 rows of black dots on grey forewings and is illustrated here once more. Besides occur-
harotdi. ring in Algeria it is found in Sicily. — liaroldi Oberth. (pi. 13 i) has uppersides of forewings white with 5 trans¬
verse rows of black dots, of which one at base, the 2nd and 3rd in central area, the 4tli subterminal and
5th at margin are angular, besides it has a black basal spot and another one between 1st and 2nd row.
caligans. Hindwings black on upperside. Algeria. — caligans Trti. (6 c, d) is a large form from fairly high altitudes
m Sicily (Aetna). It has paler or darker bronze-brown forewings with much darker hindwings. Head yellow,
body as the wings, abdomen more yellowish with black dots on the last segments. Eorewings with fine
black lows of dots. In the 2 the ground colour is much paler, yellowish white.

romeii.

lionvillei.

C. romeii Sagarra (6 d). Eorewings of ivory-yellow peppered with dark brown and without further
markings, a dark brown streak along costa gradually expanding towards apex, costa itself orange-yellow, also
innei margin, fringes similar but paler. Upperside of hindwings dull reddish ochreous, somewhat darker along
the veins and towards apex, a dark spot at end of cell; base of fringes brown, extremities yellowish. Under¬
side reddish ochreous, brown posteriorly. Vertex, frons and palpi orange-yellow, both the latter admixed with
black; thorax yellowish peppered with blackish; abdomen orange on upperside with black spots, ivory-yellow
on underside. I he $ is much smaller and more stumpily built, fore wings much paler and only sparsely peppered
without the dark costal streak; hindwings dark brown at anal angle, yellow at inner margin; it is incapable
of flight and sits on the grasses, whilst the fly in the daytime in the sun. — The young larva resembles
the cribraria larva according to Predota. When full grown it is brown with darker to black dorsal hairs,
lateral lines and hairs orange; on underside paler and head glossy black. Up to May on low growing plants';
Pupa in a frail cocoon in which the larva rests for 2 months before changing. Albarracin (Spain).

C. lionvillei Le Cerj replaces striata which does not occur in Morocco. $ not yet known. $ with somewhat
deformed wings and very heavy abdomen. Forewings brownish yellow with a black spot at base of costa,
- spots at angles of cell and a fine streak below the costa from centre of cell to apex; hindwings somewhat
paler with diffuse longitudinal streak in cell and between veins. Wing expanse: 20,5 mm. Middle Atlas.

33. Genus: Utet lieisa Hbn.

flava ■ U. pulchella L. (Vol. 2, p. 73, pi. 13 k). — flava O. B.-H. is a form in which the red of the patches

is changed to yellow. Originally described from N. India (Darjeeling) as not palaearctic but meanwhile recorded
arcuata. by Sohn-Bethel as occurring at Capri. — arcuata Oberth. represents an asymmetrically marked specimen
in color, in which the black dots are confluent forming more or less complete arcuate transverse lines. — bicolor Oberth.
are specimens on which all the black spots are absent, the forewings have only red markings on white ground.
Occurs as an aberration in all localities.

40. Genus: Ociiogyua Led.

0. Corsica Rbr. (Vol. 2, p. 7(5, pi. 14 a). - In place of the name rosacea Spul. (ibid., pi. 14 a) the older
rosea, name should be superseded : — rosea Mill.

adaena ■ 0. pieretti Rbr. (\ ol. 2, p. 7(3, pi. 14 a). For this the older name: — adaena F. should be reinstated.

pallida. — pallida Rothsch. has very pale forewings, hindwings grey-white, not yellow or orange; the 2 is impure grev
not black. From Tunis. ‘

ilbescen.fi. O. baetica Rbr. (Vol. 2, p. 76, pi. 14 b). — albescens Oberth. is the form from Algiers designated as

mendionalis Seitz in Vol. 2 in which also on forewings white is by far the predominant colour. Probably this
name should be withdrawn in favour of meridionalis as it was only given in 1917. Also occurs in Andalusia.
vr,eta- y prieta Ribbe in contrast are specimens in which the entire upper side of forewings and almost the entire
ramburi. hindwings are black-brown. From Andalusia. — ramburi Oberth. has the white colour of forewings reduced
to a short longitudinal band in the basal half of the submedian fold and a small subcostal spot before the
centre. Hindwings with only a little white near the base; an unnecessary denomination of a slight variety
forming a transition to prieta.

Pubt. 11. Xll. 1931

OCNOGYNA. By Dr. M. DraVd'E

"? ‘>
/ •>

0. loewii Z. (Vol. 2, p. 77, pi. 14 c). — andresi form. nov. (6 e) denominates a form bred by the late andre. x.
Adolf Andres from the desert of Mariout. It is peculiar by the paler grey-yellow markings in the with
an extension of the white colour. This is especially prominent on hindwings. Also the are pale buff in con¬
trast to the $ of the name type which is black (6 d).

0. niutabilis Trti. (6 d) is without a doubt closely related to loewii ; the light markings on head and mulabiiis.
thorax are rose coloured as the base of wings, also abdomen is rose with a wide olive-brown dorsal stripe.

The markings of forewings, as will be seen from the illustration are somewhat differently shaped and especially
the markings near the margin are intersected by the pale nervules and the submedian pale longitudinal stripe
is much narrower. Hindwings with rosy hue, otherwise similar to loewii. - mutata Trti. (6 d) shows paler mutata.
markings which appear more brownish owing to interspersion of rose, only their fine edges remain darker.

The $ has a vivid rose thorax and rudimentary wings, the rest of the body is impure rose. — The larva
differs from that of loewii, it is jet-black even the warts not being paler but with bluish sheen: underside and
prolegs white and rose; dorsal hairs brilliant rusty yellow. Bengasi (Cyrenaica) in November. A specimen from
Egypt illustrated by Andres and Seitz in ,,Senckenbergiana“ 5, plate 1, fig. 4 as loewii corresponds exactly
with mutata, which would therefore also occur in Egypt, unless possibly they are identical species.

0. zoraida Grasl. (Vol. 2, p. 77, pi. 14 d, e). — lienricus Rbb. denominates specimens with 3 complete henricus.
black transverse bands on forewings from lower median nervure to inner margin. Also on hindwings the dark
outer marginal markings are confluent forming bands. — olaria Rbb. has on the other hand the black costal olaria.
spots of forewing confluent forming a longitudinal streak, on costa extending to base. — blanca Rbb. denotes Mane, a.
specimens with hindwings devoid of markings.

0. nogelli Led. (Vol. 2, p. 77, pi. 44 d). This is deemed by Hampson to be a genuine species and I would nogelli.
like to subscribe to this opinion as the insect makes a totally different impression to parasita (ibid.). — albo- albobnm-
brtmnescens Strd. ( = ab. 1. Hmps.) is much paler, more of a whitish brown ground colouration, mixed with
ochreous on thorax. Lydia.

0. rothschildi A. B.-H. (6 e) has narrower wings than the very similar parasita, very rounded at inner rothschildi.
margin and with bolder black markings ; the black costal streak is only very rarely dissolved into separate spots,
the heavy inner marginal streak extends right to the anal angle; in marginal area there are 3 distinct black
spots; ground colour is dark grey with slight brownish tinge. Hindwings rather sparsely scaled with 3 roundish
bold black marginal spots and a further one at apex. Bred $$ have rudimentary wings of 4 — 5 mm length with
distinctly separate black spots which are sometimes edged with white. Abdomen with black edges to the seg¬
ments. It occurs at the end of March in Province Samara on the meadows around the Volga. The SS fly hi
the sunshine.

0. leprieuri Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 77, pi. 14 d). — morisca Oberth. (6 e) has a black, not ochreous body and morisca.
also the costa of the forewings which show much more black, has no trace of yellow.

0. pudens Luc. (Vol. 2, p. 77, pi. 14 f, 16 a). denigrata Strd. (= ab. 1, Hmps.) shows the black mark- denigrata.
ings on the wings considerably reduced.

0. houlbeni Oberth. Body with brownish grey hairs; forewings fulvous, 2 transverse bands of black houlberti.
dots in disc; outer marginal area to an extent of 2(/> —3 mm depth slightly darker brown, although in some
specimens this is scarcely perceptible; the dot markings vary in strength. Hindwings somewhat paler with
faintly rosy hue and black marginal band, fringes reddish. Size approximately as leprieuri. Ta-tsien-lu.

0. latreillei Godt. (Vol. 2, p. 78, pi. 14 e). - ochraeea Th.-Mieg has forewings with ochreous bands. — ochracea.
millierei Th.-Mieg with yellow hindwings is synonymous with aurantiaca Spul. (ibid.). — berthina Th.-Mieg berthina.
has whitish forewings and white hindwings with faint rosy tinge.

0. pretiosa Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 78, pi. 41 e). As already mentioned in the main Volume, this should be classi¬
fied as a form of Micrarctia kindermanni.

0. oberthueri Rothsch. seems somewhat isolated; Hampson places it next to Tancrea pardalina Piing. oberthucri.
(Vol. 2, p. 75, pi. 14 b, 16 a). Head and thorax black-brown, admixed with greenish yellow or whitish. Under¬
side of thorax and tarsi yellow; abdomen black, underside and laterally with yellow hairs. Fore wings yellow,
densely peppered with brown in basal area and brown veins; a diffuse brown oblique band before the centre,
a black lunule at cell end and a yellow spot in front of same; beyond the centre a brown band and an un¬
dulate brown subterminal band, margin and fringes suffused with brown. Hindwings yellow, brown at base
and inner margin with wide brown marginal band and yellow fringes. Wing expanse: 30 mm. Thibet (Kuku-Nor).

0. joiceyi Talb. does not closely resemble any known species and is easily recognisable by the yellow joiceyi.
ground colour and wide black margins to hindwings. Forewings smoky brown with 3 black confluent basal spots.

Supplementary Volume 2 10

~ ^ CLETI&; PHRAGMATOBIA. By I)r. M. Draudt.

beyond same a transverse row of 5 spots separated by the veins. There is then a wide black discal band formed
of 5 conjoined spots, constricted below the cell; postdiscally there are 4 spots of which the 2nd below the costa
is the largest. In front of the smoky brown margin there are 10 spots conjoined and forming a band, all these
spots are edged with yellow and between veins 4 and 6 and 2 and 3 they touch the margin. Also the costa
is yellow. Hmdwmgs yellow with black marginal band and a basal black longitudinal streak to vein 2 where
it unites with another streak which extends to costa; a small black spot at cell end. Body black-brown ab¬
domen with yellow rings. Extent of fore wings: 13 mm. Great Atlas, Morocco in May.

rosina.

punctata,
rischeri.
circum-
maculata.
fas data,
medio-
rosea.
magnifica.
grisea.
sub nigra,
clari-
marginata.

trnmacu-

lata.

kinder-

vateri.

marsicana.

sojota.

insularia.

flava.

ocddentalis.

powclli.

msseni.

41. Genus: Clletis Rmb.

C. maculosa Gem. (Vol. 2, p. 78, pi. 14 f). It was erroneously atecl in Vol. 2 that the specimens illus¬
trated were from Frankfurt whilst Gerning especially remarked that the specimens presumably were from
\ lenna but were only diagnosed m Erankfurt. — A great number of unimportant aberrations have' been named
meanwhile : for forms with yellow hmdwings — flava Spul. can claim priority and there are the following svno-
nyms: — cathlava Th.-Mieg and flavescens Oberth.- Strand quite unnecessarily wishes to alter the name ml-
hda Aign. into palhdula, similarly paucimaculata Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 446) into dignensis Strd — rosina Oberth
are specimens with forewmgs suffused with rose. — punctata Kraml. has no discal spot on hindwings. — rischeri
Kraml. has discal and costal spots absent on hindwings. — circummaculata Kraml. has the 2 costal spots of
hindwings conjoined with discal spot forming a ring. — fasciata Kraml. has the basal costal spot of hindwings
extended forming a band which almost reaches to inner margin. — mediorosea Kraml. has red streaks or spots
along the veins on the clay-yellow or grey hindwings. — magnifica Kraml. has the black spots of hindwings
edged narrowly but very pronouncedly with yellow on the red ground. — grisea Kraml. has grey instead of
led hmdwings. — subnigra Kraml. has ground colour of all wings suffused with black, as if covered by soot
so that the red looks like deep purple. — clarimarginata Kraml. has ground colour of forewings adumbrated
in basal and discal areas whilst the outer area contrasts sharply by its paler colouration. All these last named
ionns were bred from larvae from the heaths around Neusiedlersee. — We are illustrating the form stertzi Schultz
(b f) and also lmmaculata Oberth. (6 e) from a fine specimen with sparsely spotted forewings and hindwings
devoid of spots; in the State Museum of Munich. — kindervateri Schaw. has jet-black markings on grey-brown
forewmgs, hindwings are almost completely black and show only a small dull rose spot in disc. Described from
bruck on the Leitlia. — Of the characteristic form: latina Trti. (Vol. 2, p. 78, pi. 14 g) we are illustrating (6 e)
a fine specimen of the rare <j>, and the J. Strand classifies this form under mannerheimi Dup. (Vol. 2, p. 78.
•li U S] n) luS catalogue’. but 1 consider the latter to be a genuine species. — marsicana Dhl. (6 f) are espec¬
ially pale latina with quite pale whitish rose ground colour with a tinge of yellowish, richly and often ex¬
tensively spotted with black ; hindwings also are very pale, much interspersed with yellow and with spot mark¬
ings varying to an extraordinary degree ; this is a mountainous race from the Montagna Grande at an altitude
of 1000—2000 m, occurring just after the snow has dissolved in April and May. — sojota Tschetv. is verv
similar to dahurica (Vol. 2, pi. 14 f) but has much deeper chestnut-brown coloured forewings; south of the
bajan mountains, at the Irbeck river; Minussinsk. — insularia Kozhant. is a much smaller form forewings
of the colour of simplomca but more heavily spotted, the spots short, angular, almost quadrate and not elon¬
gated as m the reticulata forms; hmdwings delicate rose with very heavy black spot marking. 9 much darker
red-brown with bright red hindwings. From the Tagarskij Island near Minussinsk.

43. Genus: Phragmatobia Steph.

*n ilis Supplement II of the Cat. Lep. Phal. Hampson combines the Genera: Hyperborea Gr Grsh
Owncus Seitz : and Micrarctia Seitz together under Phragmatobia ; besides breveti is now also placed here As
Trichosoma Rmb. (not Oberth. \) is pre-occupied (Vermes Rud. [1819]) we follow the same classification as

Hampson and include breveti here. The other 3 Genera we leave as before, so as to facilitate reference with the
mam Volume.

1 h. bn.veti Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. /9, pi. 16 b). — ab. flava Rothsch. has yellow instead of pale carmine hind-
'Y*gS' T occidentalis Rothsch. (= emmanueli Oberth .) is held by Hampson to be a genuine species. The spots
of forewmgs are not edged with yellowish, fringes and abdomen are deep yellow, the latter with a brown dorsal
strrpe. V. mg expanse: 34 mm. from Mazagan and Mrassine (Morocco). The larvae feed on Smilax and Asparagus.

h. powelli Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 446, pi. 56 k) resembles breveti, but the spots of forewings are elongated
and not round and have no yellow edges. Forewings are rosy yellowish brown with 4 rows of black spots. Hind¬
wings pale carmine with black spots in centre of cell and at end of same and a marginal band which does not
extend to the anal angle. Thorax rosy brown, admixed with black, tegulae with black spots. Abdomen pale
red- brown with a dorsal row of black diffuse spots. Antennae somewhat shorter and coarser than in breveti. The

X \aoS Very nan'ow rudimentary crippled wings, the body is more reddish than in the <?. Wing expanse : A 36 mm
d 28 nun. Geryville (Algeria). e p o

Ph. nisseni D. Luc. closely resembles breveti and powelli but is larger with more heavily pectinated an-
ennae and a longer and more narrow wing contour. Fore wings yellowish brown with 3 more or less indistinct

EUCHARIA; EUPREPIA. By Dr. M. Draut.

/ o

faintly curved yellow transverse lines, at end of cell there are 2 clear black dots. Hindwings red with small black
discal lunitle and 3 rows of irregular black submarginal dots. Head and thorax brown admixed with red. ab¬
domen red with brown dorsal line. Antennae red, thorax with dense woolly hairs. Wing expanse: 37 mm.
Morocco (Saffi) in April.

Ph. faroulti Rothsch. has a dark brown body admixed with grey hairs especially on collar and ends of
tegulae ; hindlegs yellow- white with scarlet tarsi. Forewings grey-brown with 5 bands of dark brown spots,
the 1st oblicpie subbasal, the 2nd before centre interrupted below the cell; the 3rd in the centre consists of
3 small spots at costa, on the median and at inner margin, beyond same a 4th oblique row of small dots along
the veins between 6 and 1 ; subterminally there is still a diffuse band that is more or less confluent with
a marginal band. Hindwings pale ochreous yellow with dark brown marginal band, a dark brown antemedian
band from costa to below the cell and a band of spots from costa to the lower angle of cell. Wing expanse:
34 mm. Bou Saada (Algeria).

Pli. fuliginosa L. (Vol. 2, p. 79, pi. 16 b). — As synonym to flavescens Schultz there is: — flavidaOberth.
— clara Sibille is based on a pale specimen with 5 black dots at outer margin of hindwings instead of mar¬
ginal band. In place of — fervida Stgr. (pi. 16 b) — lurida Rothsch. should be substituted, as there is a Ph. fer-
vida Wkr. from Guatemala. In — totirubra Vorbr. there is no vestige of the black bands on hindwings, so
that these and abdomen are all Unicoloured ruby. Switzerland. — pallida Rothsch. is a pale yellow reddish
form suffused with pale carmine from Kuku-Nor and Kansu. Quite unnecessarily Strand has changed the
name to thibetica as there is already a pallida Aigner, which however is a form of maculosa , which we classi¬
fied in the Genus Cletis Rmb. ; therefore thibetica should be withdrawn. — japonica Rothsch. has dull chocolate
brown forewings dusted over with grey and pale carmine hindwings with wide black subterminal band. Japan
(Yokohama). — kroumira Oberth. has only 2 small black spots at disco-cellular nervule on hindwings and no
subterminal spots on the two folds and above the anal angle. Tunis. — melitensis 0. B.-H. (6 f) has very
pronounced cell end spots on fore wings and in the $ 3 further black dots just before the apex. Hindwings
pale carmine with heavy marginal spots, the cell end spot has the shape of a “7”. From Malta. — harterti
Rothsch. is larger than , kroumira and has deeper colour. Forewings a bright golden cinnamon-brown. Hind¬
wings deep salmon-pink with enlarged black spots. Wing expanse: 38 to 47 mm. From Morocco. Finally
some pathological forms have been named: furcula Bryk with a very noticeable fork in the veins ex the upper

angle of disco-cellular and — atropha Bryk in which the lowest of the 3 discal veins is atrophied.

44. Genus: Euclinria Hbn.

E. casta Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 80, pi. 16 c). — nigrata Schultz is illustrated (6 f). — obscurior Oberth. deno¬
minates a 9 with adumbrated forewings. — preisseckeri Schaio. The black discal band is confluent with the
base, basal area therefore black; marginal band of hindwings is wide. — unita Rostagno is probably identical
with preisseckeri where the discal band converges with the black of the base; unita is the older name and has
priority. — vittata Niep. has dark brown forewings with white postdiscal band. Marginal band of hindwings
dark brown, double as wide as in typical specimens. — The alterations made in the denominations by Strand
on the plea that the same names occur in other Genera, would seem to be superfluous, they are : roseana for
rosea Oberth. (nec. Lorez) (Vol. 2, p. 446), obscurascens for obscura Oberth. (nec Lorez) and pseudoflavescens for
flavescens Oberth. (nec. 0. Schultz). — The following races have been described: — centralasiae 0. B.-H. (6f).
Ground colour of all wings pure white, rarely with roseate hue; markings are very constant in contrast to
mid-european specimens, base and central band blacker than the brownish marginal band; specimens with
interrupted central band ( mediodivisa ) have yet to be discovered. Hindwings rosy white with pale brown costal
spots and narrow marginal band; in triangularis 0. B.-H. the costal mark of hindwings is triangular extended
downwards to the cell. Juldus; Issykkul; Ili; Djarkent; Saisan. — sibirica Kozhant. differs from typical casta
by the rose coloured (not white) hindwings, sometimes also the forewings have a roseate hue. Minussinsk.

far out li.

clara.

lurida.

totirubra.

'pallida.

japonica.

kroumira.

melitensis.

harterti.

furcula.

atropha.

obscurior.

preis¬

seckeri.

unita.

vittata.

central¬

asiae.

triangu¬

laris.

sibirica.

45. Genus: ICuprepia 0.

E. rivularis Men. (Vol. 2, p. 80, pi. 16 c). We are illustrating a $ of the name type (6 g) from Helenen-
dorf ex the collection of Sohn-Rethel. — dannehli Trti. ( Sohn-Rethel i. 1.) the form occurring in the South¬
ern Abruzzi in Italy differs from name type when shown in long series. It is generally somewhat larger and
more heavily built, fore wings a purer white, costa brownish yellow, the black spots deeper black and larger;
above all the thorax and collar are much more heavily marked with black, as also is the abdomen. — ab.
connexa Dhl. has confluent spots on forewings, especially those in basal area which merge with those on costa,
so that a wide triangle is created. — ab. marginata Dhl. In this the spots before the outer margin are confluent
forming a black submarginal stripe. — posteripunctata Dhl. has black dots on the nervules at margin of hind¬
wings and a small black costal spot. The $$ are smaller than those of specimens from Asia and very variable,

dannehli.

connexa.

marginata.

posteri¬

punctata.

PARA SEMI A. By Dr. M. Draudt.

perversa

haroldi.

nigerrima.

bayardi.

denudata.
magnified,
r osina.

lutescens.

cremonae.

powelli.

laemmer-

manni.

gradli.

rondoui.

alba.

schawerdae.

confusa.

pallida.

albidior.

76

. pale yellow-grey to blackish brown-grey with wide black dorsal line of spots. — perversa Dhl. has rather
better developed wings, they extend to 6 mm and are of the same colour as the body with black spot markings.

E. haroldi Obenh. Head and thorax yellow-white admixed with blackish, abdomen rose, yellowish white
at base and anal extremity with black dorsal stripe, Fore wings yellow-white with black spots in quite similar
formation to those of the subsequent pudica : subbasally there is an oblique curved band, which does not ex¬
tend either to costa or inner margin, before the centre an irregular costal and a quadrate inner marginal spot,
a long curved spot beyond same and below this a large quadrate spot ; then follows a curved postmedian band
interrupted between 3 and 4, partially merging with the triangular subterminal spots. Hindwings scarlet, yellow-
white at costa with brown-black costal spots before and beyond the centre and a subterminal band that reaches
to the margin on lower median nervure. In aberrative specimens the black spots more or less merge. $ with
narrow crippled wings with reduced black spots. Wing expanse: $ 24 — 32 mm, $ 18mm. Algeria (South Oran
Aflou, Guelt-es-Stel).

E. pudica Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 80, pi. 16 c). Besides the forms mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 446: jlavescens Oberth.
and fumosa Oberth., the first of which is now held to be synonymous with flaveola Schultz (Vol. 2, p. 80) the
following has been named as an extreme form of the blackened gradli Schultz (Vol. 2, p. 80): — nigerrima Trti.
with completely jet-black forewings, only the fringes are rose, hindwings pale rose, all spots enlarged and
partially merged, not black but dusky sooty, diffuse; abdomen rose with heavily increased black transverse
bands. — bayardi Le Charles is a pathological specimen, an asymmetrical aberration of the form flaveola , i. e.
yellow instead of roseate, on the right side the black spots are quite extinct except for one disco-cellular
spot and a few subapical diffuse streaks, whilst on the left side the markings are more or less of normal shape,
only they are much reduced in size. Hindwings on both sides quite devoid of spots. Bred in France. —
denudata Dhl. is a similar form of aberration with normal markings in outer area, spots in the central area
being absent, as also the dots in basal area. From specimens from the Campagna and the Sabine Mountains.
We are illustrating a specimen from Capri (6 g) of this form. magnifica Rothsch. is claimed to be a subspecies
from Algeria and Tunis. It cannot be admitted as a race. It comprises large specimens such as occur also else¬
where with a deeper rose tone and no enlargement of the black spots. — rosina Zerny (6 g) from Spain (Albar-
iacin) could lay gi eater claim to being a race. It is not larger than typical pudica but much more intensively
rose with enlarged black spots, so that the light patches on the forewings form a sort of a trellis. Hindwings
similarly enlarged. Specimens from Capri are about half-way between these forms, large, of intensive red colour¬
ation with enlarged black spots. Our illustration shows one of these Capri specimens.

E. oertzeni Led. (Vol. 2, p. 80, pi. 16 c). - lutescens Culot has a yellow hue instead of the rose colour.
Beirut. — cremonae Culot also described from Beirut, is devoid of black spots on the vividly rose coloured hind¬
wings.

E. powelli Oberth. resembles oertzeni and pudica-, it is smaller and much duller in colour. Forewings
and thorax blackish brown, tegulae with narrow white edges, forewings with rosy white striations as in oertzeni.
Hindwings vivid carmine-rose with black discal spot, oblique postmedian band from costa to below vein 5,
merging at upper end with an apical spot, a triangular spot in middle of margin and a further one that is ex¬
tended inwards on submedian nervure; fringes black at apex, yellow beneath. — The larvae feed on grass and
corn, especially barley. Wing expanse: 32 -38 mm. Geryville and Guelt-es-Stel (Algeria).

46. Genus: I*arasemia Him.

P. plantaginis L. (\ol. 2, p. 81, pi. 16 d, e) is a favoured subject for denominations! Pale, more or
less albinotic specimens are named: laemmermanni Oberth. forewings brownish in tone, hindwings pale red¬

dish; described from Alsace. — gradli Meyer has pale yellowish forewings with only faintly reflected ochreous
markings, only costa and inner margin and the apical markings are slightly darker. Hindwings pale brownish
with markings just a shade darker. From a single specimen. rondoui Oberth. has completely yellow- white
forewings, only traces of blackish markings at costa and apex; hindwings unicoloured orange. — alba Kaucki
is the extreme of this form, as all wings are unicoloured white and almost devoid of any sign of markings. —
schawerdae Heinrich is a transition form to the blackened forms. A 1 1 the yellow-white markings of forewings
and the yellowish colour of hindwings are suffused with dusky blackish, also on the underside. Described from
confusa Stgr. is dull black on forewings with impure yellowish markings; in outer area these
do not form x ’shaped marks but there is a short apical band and in front of same a parallel transverse band,
which does not unite with the white innermarginal band. Hindwings impure grey-yellow with diffuse black
markings in which the 3 spots before the outer margin merge. From Baden. Very similar, if not synonymous
we have pallida Schoenfeld, which is characterised by its dull colouration ; instead of deep black markings
the> aie grey-black, the brilliant yellow of hindwings is substituted by a dull ochreous. From Eger land. —
To the forms grouped around hospita we have — albidior Heinrich with a considerable increase in the extent
nl the white colour, especially in marginal area, a counterpart to the yellow form henrichoviensis. Specimens

ORODEMNIAS; ORONCUS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

77

of the 2 type in which on the hindwings the basal black is confluent with the lowest black marginal spot so

that an isolated round red spot encircled by black is created at the anal angle, are named insulata Siegel - insulala.

seminigra Schwing. has an almost completely black basal area, the marginal area is bright yellow with a few xemmifjra.

minute black spots. — impunctata Hofer is a form in which the discal spot of forewings is almost entirely ab-

sent. _ interrupta Schaw. is widely marked with pale patches, the long innermarginal streak is interrupted. inierrupta_

Bosnia. _ fulva Fettig is a G form with vivid yellow-red hindwings and a transition to the form rufa. aurian- fulva.

tiaca Schaw. is propably the corresponding $ form with orange-yellow or orange-red hindwings. — flavoradiata '"(ran tiaca
Schaw has quite black hindwings with orange streaks through the cell and at inner margin. 1 o the hospita f[av()_
forms there are to be added — scalena Derenne with increased black on forewings, whilst hindwings show an ^
extension of white. — uralensis Krul. is similar to hospita with local characteristics, the black margin of hind- uralemiSt
wings is reduced. Urals. — patruelis Jack, is similar, but the abdomen and underside of hindwings are yellow vatruelis.
with very minute black spots, on forewings the white spots are small. Also from the Urals. — stotznen 0. sibtznen.
B.-H. (6 h) belongs to floccosa Graes. It has considerably reduced white markings on forewings ofS<$, the
costal spot, apical spot and the transverse band extending to the anal angle are separate.; hindwings with wide¬
cell spot The $ has yellow hindwings with black basal area. Szechuan. sachalinensis Mats. (6 h) belongs ^mnsis
to the subspecies macromera with enlarged white discal spot, which is widely united with the inner margin.

Very common on Saghalin. — araitensis Mats, from the Kurile Islands has black hindwings in the 2 with wide aroj cmi».
orange-yellow marginal band with a black spot near the end in cellule 2.

47. Genus: Orodenmias Wallgr.

0. quenselii Payk. (Vol. 2, p. 82, pi. 16 g). — norvegica Strd. (= gelida Schoyen nec Mdschl.) is the norvegica.
northerly form which is distinguishable from the Swiss type by its more considerable size and deepei, bolder
yellow markings, hindwings with yellow-white streak markings. — Integra DM. is a <$ form with completely Integra.
black hindwings. Rare in the Glockner and Ortler territories. — pseudoliturata DM. (6 h as „falloui‘) is a $ vseu^rat
form in which on the forewings the black stripes are more or less extinct, so that they appear as elongated
streaklike dots; in extreme specimens there are only 2 — 3 dots at base of wings, a transverse row in central
area and a submarginal row of dots in the interstices. Hindwings yellow with 3 central spots, a further one
at apex and in the centre of outer margin. This latter form is named — gelpkei DM. From the Stilfser Joch gelpkei.
and Piz Umbrail. — daisetsuzana Mats, resembles liturata in colour and markings; the streaks along the veins daisef'suan
and the sub marginal zigzag band are pale yellowish, hindwings dark, with pale yellowish spot in disc, so that
the dark disco-cellular nervule is clearly marked. In the $ the markings are white. Hokkaido. H amps ox s
classification of quenselii and cervini in 2 separate Genera is justified, as the two species are quite diffeient-ly
built anatomically and are in no way closely related, quenselii belongs to Apantesis Wlcr. (on forewings vein
6 rises below the upper angle of cell, 10 free out of the cell), whilst cervini belongs to Phragmatobia Steph. (6
rises from angle of cell, 10 together with 7, 8 and 9 occasionally even more rise on a common stalk). Accord¬
ing to this Orodemnias could actually be withdrawn.

0. cervini Fall. (Vol. 2, p. 82, pi. 16 g). — rougemonti 0. B.-H. is a form in which the ground colour rougemon
is ochreous as in hnatecki, but the markings are as bold and black as in the type form. From the Angstbord
Pass (Valais). — hnatecki Frey has meanwhile been discovered in the Inner Getz valley near Vent.

0. piingeleri 0. B.-H. (6 i) is a highly interesting discovery from the Sajan mountains, which is very pungeleri.
close to cervini ; it is much larger and more sleekly built, the body being relatively small in comparison to the
wide wings. Fore wings thinly scaled, black, markings in the same formation as in cervini but more distinctly
and clearly outlined, the veins all daintily yet distinctly yellowish white. Hindwings grey- white in the type with
3 marginal spots and a central spot below the cell, collar and tegulae edged with yellow. Body black w it h yellow¬
ish abdominal rings. The q has narrow ochreous costa and fringes and vivid ochreous yellow anal hairs, hind¬
wings with 3 large round submarginal spots and beyond same a narrow black marginal band which is extended
inwards in a triangular dentation on vein 4. Obo Sarym, Munku Sarclyk, Mondy. Mr. 0. Bang-Haas veiy kindly
sent me a number of varieties. — immaculata 0. B.-H. i. 1. has grey-white hindwings devoid of markings. - - immacu-
flava 0. B.-H. i. 1. (6 i) has pale ochreous yellow hindwings. — bicolor 0. B.-H. i. 1. (6 i) denotes specimens with
pure white markings on a jet-black forewing whilst the yellowish hindwings have a small black marginal spot bicolor.
between veins 2 and 7.

48. Genus: Oroiiciis Seitz

The .classification of the species of this Genus under that of Phragmatobia Steph. seems justified as there
are no anatomical differences.

0. tancrei Sigr. (Vol. 2, p. 83, pi. 16 h) is no doubt the same species as urania Pimg. (ibid.) which
was described much later. During the last years a large number of specimens have been captured among which

78

MICRARCTIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

neptunus. all transition forms have been found. — neptunus O. B.-H. has a completely transverse oblique white band
fuhnmans. from the tip of the costal streak to the inner angle, joining up with the apical band. — fulminans 0 B -H has

iasciata *ed mst?ad °f yellow hindwings- ~ fumosa 0. B.-H. has duskily suffused hindwings. — fasciata 0. B.-H. (6 i)
° "■ is described as a subspecies, it has only a mildly rounded curve in the yellow-white undulate line at vein 4 in¬
stead of the sharp angle as in tancrei, hindwings deeper yellow-red. This race is said to be constant at Djar-

afaica. , — vj’ pUra °\ B~H' has unicoloured hindwings devoid of spots. — alaica 0. B.-H. is similarly claimed

to be a subspecies, it only has traces of a subapical band in an indistinct pale costal spot, the yellow- white
° ’ lcfu<; ,)and from t'he end of the costal streak to the outer margin forms quite a straight line to the anal angle

and is fieqently dissolved into 3 separate spots; the costal streak, especially distinctly in the rf, has 1 _ 2 black

spots or is quite interrupted before the oblique stripe. Ferghana (Transalai and Alai).

wagneri ■ °° wagnen Fung. (7 b) is very close indeed to the form alaica of the preceding species and is presum¬

ably a Phragmatobia according to Hampson’s classification and not a Micrarctia. Forewings grey-black with
white markings, which are similarly shaped to those of M. glaphyra but somewhat more widely formed and
more diffuse, partially extinct. Hindwings a bright yellow without discal spot, the veins somewhat darker a
Ij lack longitudinal streak on vein 2 and 3 black spots submarginally, the margin narrowly black in the apical
half, fringes yellow. Che $ is larger, the white markings more extensive, hindwings more reddish yellow. Thian
Shan (Sary Djas) captured by Ruckbeil.

0. secreta sp. n. (6 i) is still closer to tancrei than the preceding species and is similarly certainly a Phrag¬
matobia and I am only placing same here in order to group similar species together. Contour of wings wider
and more pointed, thinly scaled, grey-black with pale yellow costal streak in which is situate a blackish basal spot
and it, is interrupted in the outermost sixth by a spot which is indistinctly extended downwards to vein 6,
a similar dark spot is placed at end of cell. Hindwings ochreous yellow, base blackened, behind the cell there
is an angulated costal spot extending downwards to vein 5 and a black marginal band with yellow patches
between 2 and 6. Fringes yellow. Body black with yellow spotted collar and ochreous lateral hairs on the 4
last segments. Described from 2 identical SS from N. Kansu captured by Steyler missionaries and placed
at our disposal by Mr Kotzsch of Dresden-Blasewitz.

49. Genus: Micrarctia Seitz

f rom an anatomical standpoint Micrarctia should also be grouped under Phragmatobia Steph. we are

onl\ letaining same here so as to assemble the various small species that are relatively so similar and closelv
related.

glaphyra. M. glaphyra Ev. (Vol. 2, p. 83, pi. 16 i). We are illustrating (7 a) a ^ of this species. Mr. 0. Bang-Haas

has taken the trouble to classify the many forms of this species scientifically. The $ has ochreous yellow hind¬
wings, the $ reddish. The type form occurs in the Tsungaric Ala Tau in the N. E. Thian Shan and not in
Altai and Siberia. In order to have a better survey we are enumerating here again all the forms mentioned
obscurata. m Vol. 2. - obscurata Bottcher ( = tristis Seitz, fumosa Niepelt ) with adumbrated forewings. — amabilis Bottch.

(p. 84) with wide white transverse band through centre of forewings. — rosearia Seitz (p. 83) ground colour
flava. of forewings rose instead of white. - flava 0. B.-H. from the southern Thian Shan, Juldus has yellow hind-
ith, strata, wings in all Shades from reddish to lemon-yellow. - illustrata 0. B.-H. has white ground colour to' both wings.
radiata. “ ni£roradiata 0 B.-H. Here the black marginal spots of hindwings are joined up to the base by black streaks.
nigro- T” Pilnyelen Bottch. (p. 84) has completely black hindwings. We are illustrating this form (7 a). — nigromarginis
marginis. 0. B.-H. from Margelan is described: marginal spots of hindwings joined together forming a wide marginal
gratiosata. band. — gratiosata Bottch. (= gratiosa Seitz, Vol. 2, p. 83, pi. 16 i) (nec gratiosa Gr. Grsh.) has no central spot
on hindwings. manni Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 83, pi. 16 i) is a remarkably large form with scarlet hindwings which
are paler in $; markings of forewings pale sulphur yellow. From Kunguesse in N. E. Thian Shan- this form
aksuensis. may be a local race. — aksuensis O. B.-H. (7 a) from the mountains of Aksu is very pale, poor in markings
iiaryna. with especially narrow and pointed wing contour and thinner scaling, the $$ especially pale. - naryna O. B.-H.
is a very large form that is close to manni with deep scarlet hindwings and heavily reduced black spot-mark¬
ings , on the other hand the black ground colour of forewings is very extended, the pale yellowish line
markings are therefore very narrow. From the mountains around the town of Narynsk, south' of Issyk-Kul.
dublitzkyi. — - dublitzkyi O. B.-H. (6 k) is larger than all other forms, its form like that of naryna, ground colour of fore-
mrtari. wings bright golden yellow. From mount Koum-Bel near Alma Ata. — ab. victori Dublitzky is based on a spe-
gratiom. cnnen with reduced black markings. - gratiosa Gr. Grsh. (nec gratiosa Seitz, Vol. 2, p. 83, pi. 16 i) differs
fiom the gratiosa dealt with in Vol. 2 and about which we reported above, by the heavy marginal spots of
hindwings which conjoin forming a marginal band (as in ab. nigromarginis) and similarly the central spot of
ftava. hindwings is absent or only very faintly indicated. Ferghana. — ab. flava O. B.-H. is the same form with yellow
hind wings. Margelan. — rupicola Gr. Grsh, (Vol. 2, p. 83, pi. 16 k). From a single from Transalai (Aram River)
gtauca. caught at an altitude of 10 000', was illustrated in Vol. 2 from a copy and is not identical with glauca Stgr.
postjlavida. which has faintly violet-grey forewings, whilst in rupicola they are white-grey with faint roseate hue. — post-
lavida Hamps. (Vol. 2, p. 83) which was enumerated as a genuine species in Vol. 2, should also be classified

SPILARCTIA. By Dr. M. DraudU 79

here; forewings black-brown, whitish markings reduced to narrow lines. Hindwings orange-yellow, peppered
with blackish and with wide black marginal band. Kashmir.

M. buraetica 0. B.-H. (7 a) is a newly described species, which no doubt is very close to the preceding, buraetica.
Ground colour of forewings white to yellowish white, the black spots separated from one another by fine white
lines, more constant in form and colouration than in glaphyra\ 2 acute points touch the margin and two fine
lines, one ending before the apex, the other at anal angle; hindwings bright yellow, base and inner margin
black with 3 large black marginal spots which almost conjoin with marginal band and a heavy roundish central
spot. Abdomen black, segments with yellow edges and a dorsal stripe. Tannuola mountains, Shawyr and
Sajan mountains, Mondy; in July at an altitude of 2500 to 3000 m. - subsp. validus 0. B.-H. from Trans- validus.
baikal is much larger than the type form, wing expanse 31 mm, markings of wings purer white, perhaps slightly
wider, the spots on margin of hindwings somewhat further apart from one another. — subsp. elwesi 0. B.-H. elwesi.
is smaller with narrower forewings, marginal spots of hindwings completely conjoined forming a wide marg¬
inal band. From Ongodai in the S. E. Altai.

M. kindermanni Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 84, pi. 16 k) like glaphyra this is an uncommonly migratory small kinder-
species. The origin of the type, stated to be the Urals, appears to be wrong, as the species has never been
rediscovered there. Two specimens are mentioned from Minussinsk which are said to be from there. Smaller,
otherwise marking and colouration as in mongolica (Vol. 2, pi. 16 k), hindwings pale orange-yellow. — pomona
Stgr. has very wide white markings on forewings and lemon-yellow hindwings. Apfel mountains. roseni O. roseni.
B.-H. (6 k) is an Unusually large, very nice form, the $ with red hindwings, black base and 2 large marginal
black spots; $ very light with wide yellow-grey bands of spots and dull ochreous hindwings with relatively
small spots. Closely resembles pretiosa. From Chita. — pretiosa Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 78) should be classified as a
form here and not to Ocnogyna. — ussuriensis 0. B.-H. (6 k) is very like pretiosa and the illustrations in Vol. 2, ussuriensis.
pi. 14 e as pretiosa represent this form. Larger than these with more extensive black spots, ground colour of $
is dusky brownish, the yellow of hindwings peppered with black. Ussuri territory. albovittata Rothsch. albovittata.
should similarly be classified as a form of pretiosa, it has pure white bands on forewings instead of the yellow-
grey. From Kuku-Nor.

M. erschoffi Alph. (Vol. 2, p. 84, pi. 16 k). As already stated in main Volume it is better to deal with erschoffi.
this insect and its group of forms, as a species, which normally differs by having red instead of yellow hind¬
wings. — ab. flava O. B.-H. is the rare form with yellow hindwings from Kuldja. — issyka Stgr. (Vol. 2, pi. 16 k) flava.
has ochreous yellow instead of white ground colour and larger marginal spots on forewings. — seraram Gr. serarum.
Grsh. (= schottlaenderi Strd.) (7 b as schottldnderi ) differs by the absence or almost complete absence of the
spots of hindwings and on the forewings it has a very wide pale transverse band through the disc. From Xaryn.

— ab. infrapicta Strd. has a faintly roseate hue to markings of forewings. — korlana O. B.-H. is half-way be- infrapicta.
tween serarum and mongolica differing from the latter by white ground colour to forewings and smaller black ^ oilana .
spots. Spots of hindwings reduced in size. From Ivorla. — mongolica Alph. (Vol. 2, pi. 16 k); the markings of
forewings should be a shade more yellow than shown in our illustration in main Volume. — selmonsi Bottch. selmonsi.

(7 a) is a very small form, close to fergliana but with yellowish ground colour with small black spots. Hind¬
wings intensively red, also on underside. West of Narynsk on the Naryn river. — ab. transversata Bottch. has transvcrsata.
the 2nd band of forewings (from base) extended to inner margin. — fergliana Stgr. (Vol. 2, pi. 16 k) differs from
selmonsi by the pure white ground colour with larger black spots and less intensively red hindwings with yellow
underside. — marxi O. B.-H. (7 a) from the Himalayas, N. E. of Simla is still more intensively yellow than marxi.
selmonsi, all transverse bands extending to the inner margin; upper and undersides of hindwings deep scarlet
with heavy black basal dusting and 3 small marginal spots. Abdomen black on top and yellow underneath.

M. ladakensis 0. B.-H. (6 k) from Ladak can scarcely be called palaearctic. Forewings deep black with lada-
4 yellowish white bands, the conjoining longitudinal streak of the previous species is absent, otherwise very
similar; the 1st and 3rd bands extend to the inner margin, respectively anal angle. Hindwings reddish yellow
in (J, red in $ with 2 black marginal spots and in the $ with central spot and a faint transverse band. Body
black, abdomen with red longitudinal stripe. It certainly does not belong to Oroncus.

5. Subfamily: Spilosominae.

50. Genus : Spilarctia Btlr.

S. lutea Hufn. (= lubricipeda auct.) (Vol. 2, p. 84, pi. 15 a as „lubricipeda“). By the utilisation of the hdea.
name lubricipeda for lutea and also for menthastri a great deal of confusion has been caused among the forms.

For instance — walkeri Curt, is referred to by many authors and also in the main Volume (p. 87) as a form
of menthastri, whilst actually it is a transition to zatima and belongs here. It differs from the latter by the pres¬
ence of the yellowish spots of the ground colour behind the cell; hindwings remain light. — A further variety
of zatima has been obtained from cross-breeding of Heligoland strains and named — frisia Muller, only the frisia.
wings are with typical zatima markings whilst the body is ochreous yellow as in the main type form. — hip- hipperti.
perti Lamb, is a form of the $ as pale yellow-white as the — When hindwings are devoid of markings but

puupera.

semi¬

unicolor.

ustula.

laxi

nigrita.

hartigi.

namurica.

guerinii.

japonica.

flexo-

maculosa.

japonensis.

tsing-

tauana.

aurantia-

cana.

auranti-

femur.

simplici-

pennis.

post-

medialis.

pallivenata.

obliqui-

zonata.

hirayamae.

jezoensis.

brunne-

oides.

transitoria.

80 SPILOSOMA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

forewings like type form, it is paupera Hofjm. — semiunicolor Vorbr. denotes the same form, but the central
spot is still retained. — ustula Krul. has thorax and apex of forewings blackened. — laxi Lax is a transition
to same, only the apex of forewings is grey-brown and a few of the black spots of forewings and hindwings
are absent. From a single specimen from Graz. — nigrita Marines denominates a strange $ from Augsburg;
the forewing is suffused with black from outer margin to the centre with irregular yellowish spots therein, hind-
wings are asymmetrically spotted with black. — hartigi Dhl. are extreme jasciata specimens in which the spots
that form the transverse band are extended forming more or less dense radial streaks and with a wide black
costal stripe from costal spot to base. From around Bolzano. — - namurica Strd. (= fasciata Dujrane nec Tug-
well ) from one $ is darker yellow than normal with black band which is intersected by light coloured veins,
extending from inner margin to the central costal spot and not to the apex, forming a sharp angle in the middle ;
the black marginal spots are extended forming streaks. From Belgium. — guerinii Guiart resembles the pre¬
ceding form on forewings, but also the hindwings have a similar band, although same is not such an intensive
black. Belgium. — subsp. japonica Rothsch. is paler yellow than name type, forewings have the black ante-
median costal spot, a dot in the upper angle of cell, the oblique row of spots; on underside the black streak
below vein 2 is absent. From Ussuri and Japan.

S. casigneta Roll. (Vol. 2, p. 85, pi. 15 b). — - flexomaculosa Karel. Forewings with 3 black basal dots
under the black costal streak, a small black dot at end of cell; the postmedian spots form heavy streaks from

costal margin to inner margin and in an arc to apex; hindwings with distinct discoidal spot. Isle of Narwa (Amur).

S. inaequalis Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 86, pi. 15 c). We are now illustrating the $ (7 b).

S. rhodophila Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 86, pi. 15 c). — japonensis Rothsch. (Vol. 10, p. 239, pi. 21 e) is close to

the west Chinese unilinea Rothsch. (ibid.) but is smaller with more rounded wing contour and the 2nd trans¬
verse band of forewings is interrupted. Japan.

8. robusta Leech (Vol. 2, p. 86, pi. 15 c). — tsingtauana Rothsch. is a still larger form, forewings pure
white and spots reduced in size. From Tsingtao.

S. stigmata Moore (Vol. 2, p. 86, pi. 15 d). — aurantiacana Strd. (= aurantiaca Rothsch. nec Holl.) with
orange-yellow hindwings occurs in W. China on palaearctic territory, similarly — aurantifemur Strd. ( = Hmps.
ab. 1) where the femora and upperside of abdomen are orange coloured. Omei-shan.

S. nehallenia Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 446) is illustrated (7 b as ,,leivisi“).

S. imparilis Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 87, pi. 15 f). — simplieipennis Strd. ( = ab. 1 Hmps.) has forewings devoid
of markings, only a black spot is retained in the middle of costa of forewings. Japan.

S. infernalis Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 87, pi. 15 f). — posfmediaiis Strd. (ab. 1 Hmps.) has a postmedian row
of spots on fore wings from vein 5 to inner margin and a subterminal spot placed above vein 5. Hindwings without
spots. Japan. — pallivenata Mats, has black-brown forewings with light coloured veins and no other markings.
Head and thorax yellowish grey. Hokkaido.

S. obliquizonata Miyake. Ground colour of pale reddish yellow, abdomen red with rows of black
spots, dorsally and latterally. The inner band of 3 black spots forms a straight row, costa narrowly black from
base to 1st spot; a row of broad black spots extends from apex to the centre of inner margin, intersected only
by the light veins; a short row of spots extends from threequarter way along the costa obliquely outwards
merging with the main band. Hindwings whitish, tinged with brown at inner margin with dark spots at dis¬
coidal nervure and 3 submarginal spots. The $ is larger and more boldly marked. Wing expanse : $ 42 mm.
$ 52 mm. Japan.

S. hirayamae Mats, closely resembles obliquizonata Miyake-, the black costal marginal spot on fore¬
wings is absent in the $, at discoidal nervure there are 2 small black-brown spots, the central band of spots
is interrupted between veins 4 and 5 and separated from the oblique apical band that bends slightly towards
the margin; on inner margin there are 2 black dots. Hindwings with black spot between veins 5 and 6 near
the margin. Abdomen spotted with black on upperside between the 2nd and 4th segments. Wing expanse: 50 mm.
Tokyo.

S. jezoensis Mats, similarly described from a single $. It has pale yellow- white forewings with a brown¬
ish spot at upper angle of cell. Hindwings scarcely paler, without spots. Head and thorax yellow-white, base
of palpi orange, tips black-brown; neck and edge of collar orange. Abdomen orange, yellow- white at apex, the
3rd segment has a black spot in middle of upperside, yellow-white on underside. Legs black, hindlegs black-
brown with whitish tarsi. Wing expanse: 60 mm. Hokkaido.

51. Genus: Spilosoma Steph.

S. menthastri Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 87, pi. 15 f). — brunnea Oberth. is changed into — brunneoides by Strand,
because of there a being brunnea Mr. in the Genus Diacrisia Harnps. (sensu latiore). — transitoria Oberth.

Pull. 12. XII. 1931.

LACYDES; AREAS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

81

nugro-

striata.

radiata.

alexandri.

is a transition to same with faint brownish tone. — walkeri Curt, is, as already mentioned under Spil. lutea ,
to be removed from here and classified under the latter species. The analogous group of forms of menthastri
would be: godarti Oberth. (= albiramis Strd., ab. 3 Hamps.) in which the interstices between the veins are godarti.
streaked with black, so that only the veins, narrow streaks between same and a row of spots at margin remain
white. — costa nigra Lamb, has costa including apex, the upper half of outer margin and fringes a dusky black, costa nigra.
— marghiestriata Mezger is very similar but it has also black striations in the interstices at margin extending margine-
into the fringes. Neuilly-sur-Seine. — drueti Derenne is an asymmetrically marked dusky pathological variety druJ^iaia'
of ab. costa nigra Lamb. — tripuncta Lamb, has only 3 black dots near base on forewings and hindwings devoid iripuncta.
of markings. — unipuncta Strd. has only one central spot on hindwings. Oslo. — apicistrigata Kard. has only unipunda.
fine black apical streaks on forewings, all other spots are absent; hindwings pure white. Vladivostock; Narwa apici^\jada
Island. — fasciata Closs has spots partially confluent forming transverse lines, the reverse form to godarti. fasciata.
From a single specimen from the neighbourhood of Berlin. — pura Vorbr. ( Kruger i. 1.) is pure yellow on upper- pura.
side of abdomen, only the last segment is white and all black spots are absent. — flavotergata hard, is probably flavotergaia.
very similar. The black spots on abdomen are missing. Amur territory, Narwa Island.

S. punctarium Or. (Vol. 2, p. 87, pi. 15 g) is certainly a genuine species. — opulenta Kard. is a more opulenta.
richly spotted form ; black spots on forewings enlarged, a marginal row of black dots from apex to anal angle,
also on hindwings to halfway across. Amur territory, Narwa Island.

S. urticae Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 88, pi. 15 g). Specimens quite devoid of markings are — blanca Schaiv. blanca.

( = peralbata DM.). — nigrostriata Schaio. the rows of black dots are conjoined forming 3 black longitudinal
streaks, one at costa with 2 below. — radiata Spul. is probably the same, it is described as having black rays
at costa, at posterior and anterior edges of disc and a row of black dots between veins 1 and 2. — alexandri
Pazsicky denotes specimens with pure white wings on upper and undersides. — anomala Maslowscy has the anomala.
apical part of fore wings divided by a short oblique row of -black dots as in menthastri.

S. mandli Schaiv. (7 b). The resembles the $ of menthastri. Antennae are purer white, pectinations mandii.
much shorter than in menthastri, more like in urticae. Eorewings narrower, 4 small black streaks, not spots,
in basal area; a row of black streak-like spots in centre, forming a sharp angle pointing outwards, behind
centre a further row of spots and streaks, which almost forms a line, 3 small double streaks at apex; 3 smaller
ones in centre of outer margin; fringes white. Hindwings white, a black double streak sometimes in the middle.

Abdomen ochreous yellow with 2 rows of black dots. From Nikolsk Ussurijsk, but apparently widely distributed,
having been captured also in Hungary (Iglo) and probably only not observed owing to its similarity to other
similar species.

S. irregularis Rothsch. Head and thorax pure white, vertex, collar and tegulae and centre of thorax irregularis
spotted with fawn. Palpi and antennae brown, femora of forelegs carmine-red on upperside; abdomen pale
carmine-rose on upperside with brown bands, white underside, basally and at tip. Forewings pure white wdtli
pale brown subbasal band and with a row of small irregular dots before the centre; in the centre a wide ir¬
regular band, beyond same a band of small dots and spots and posterior to same an irregular band, interrupt¬
ed between veins 3 and 4. There is a row of sagittate marks subterminally and a row of dots on margin.
Hindwings white with pale brown discal dot and a subterminal band of spots, which expand towards anal
angle. "Wing expanse: 60 mm. Central China.

S. rostagnoi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 446). Thorax white with black spots on tegulae and metathorax. Ab- rostagnoi.
domen scarlet with black dorsal and lateral spots, underside white. Forewings white, a black streak at base
of costa, a curved row of spots before centre, an oblique row of partially conjoined spots in centre; posterior
to same a further row of spots from costa to vein 3, the uppermost of which is conjoined with an oblique
band of spots extending to apex; subterminally there are 4 — 5 spots and black dots on the fringes. Hindwings
white with black discal spot and 5 small subterminal dots; extremities of fringes black in centre. In the £
the spots are increased in size, hindwings have a black subterminal band of spots. Wing expanse: 58 — 62 mm.

W. China (Siao-lu).

53. Genus: Ljic,v<U‘s Wkr.

spectabilis Tausch. (Vol. 2, p. 89, pi. 15 i) which was classified here, is now placed to the Genus -
Volgarctia Alph. — semiramis Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 89), which it appears was originally described from Egin, Asia
Minor, seems to me to belong to the Genus Phragmatobia.

, 57. Genus: Areas Wkr.

A. galactina Hoev. (Vol. 2, p. 91, pi. 17 b). — oehracea Mell. has all spots yellow-brown, which in the och
name type form are carmine-red; the black spots on the body are larger; margin of forewings is more or less

Supplementary Volume 2 11

racea.

82

ARCTINIA; DIAPHORA; RHYPARIA. By Dr. M. Draddt.

black. On hindwings this is only the case at anal angle. Kwangtung.

58. Genus: Arctinia Eichw.

furcula. A. caesarea Goeze (Vol. 2, p. 91, jib 17 b). — furcula Bryk is a pathological aberration with pronounced

stalks to veins at the upper angle of cell.

59. Genus: Diapliora Stph.

mendicana. D. mendica Cl. (Vol. 2, p. 91, pi. 17 b). — mendicana Strd. (= ab. 2 limps.) is a form, more or less

sabulosa. covered with brownish black streaks and spots. — sabulosa Derenne denotes a large $ with sandy coloured
vcnosa. forewings, the milky white hindwing as in type and spot marking also. — venosa Adkin from Ireland is pale
hibernica. grey in both sexes, the veins standing out slightly darker and usual black spot marking. — hibernica Oberth.
micheli. is probably the same, a pale grey form without other variation, from Ireland. — hybr. micheli Grosse denotes
an interesting cross between msnthastri A + mendica $ with very variable results. The moths are smaller than
mendica and mentha&tri, the A pale sandy to ashy grey with the markings of mendica, the $ like normal mendica
$$ only smaller and with shorter hairs on abdomen. The larvae only moulted three times.

curula. D. sordida Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 92, pi. 17 c). — emu la Th.-Mieg. denotes a pale grey $ with blackish apex

and margin to fore wings.

djamila. D. luctuosa Hbn.-G. (Vol. 2, p. 92, pi. 17 d). — djamila Schaw. is a form with heavier spots, especially

janeckoi. the subterminal row on hindwings is heavily developed. Herzegovina. — janeckoi Schaw. is a large form of
same, the $ pale yellow-grey, the more an impure grey with fainter markings, abdomen devoid of spots.

; panthcrata . From Trebevic. — pantherata Schaw. are extreme specimens of djamila in which the black spots are partially
conjoined forming transverse bands, the 3. basal indicated, the premarginal band of spots incomplete.

60. Genus: l&liyparia Hbn.

R. leopardina Men. (Vol. 2, p. 93, pi. 14 g) has been renamed leopardinula by Strand, because Hampson
had placed this species and leopardina Roll., wdiich is older, in his Genus Diacrisia. As we deal with these
species in quite different Genera, we retain the previous name.

R. purpurata L. (Vol. 2, p. 93, pi. 14 h). — flava Stgr. (= rhypariella Strd.) is illustrated (7 c). —
transiens. Transition forms are: — transiens Spul. with hindwings discoloured yellow from inner margin and margin
flavescens. and — flavescens Spul. with pale yellow-red hindwings. — uralensis Spul. is very close to caucasica Alph. with
uralensis. markings strongly reduced, only costal spots and remnants of a marginal band of cell spots on forewings,

hindwings with sparse black spots, with intensively orange yellow hindwings in $ with cliscal spot, dorsal spots
ochrata. of abdomen faint, sometimes quite absent. From the S. Urals. — ochrata Wagn. belongs to the generally
adumbrated forms, thorax, forewings and abdomen show a richer deeper ochreous yellow colouration. —
obscura. obscura Rehberg has deep black forewing spots of normal size; the band at base of hindwings is dissolved
into 2 dots or distinctly constricted; the specimens are somewhat smaller. Bremen is indicated as origin.
obscuras - Probably the name replaces atromaculata Galv. — obscurascens Strd. is a name given by Strand in place of
cens. 0b,scura Schultz, which has only recently been given and should not be confused with obscura Reliberg just
paradoxa. mentioned and with which it is not identical. — paradoxa Philipps (7 c) illustrates the degree to which these
aberrations can go. The spots of forewings and hindwings are compressed to marginal bands of half the width
marchica. of the wings. Thanks to Dr. Philipps we are in a position to illustrate this remarkable form. — niarchica Class
is stated by its author to be a subspecies from the neighbourhood of Berlin. It is said to be smaller with more
acutely pointed wings. Spots smaller and blackish, not grey, with inclination to be absent. In comparison to
bsrolinensis Fuchs a further subdivision seems unjustified nor is there any reason to claim the rank of a sub-
rubescens. species. — rubescens Gloss are specimens of marchica with forewings suffused with reddish. — griscescens Gloss
gnsescens. denominates a A bred from Berlin in which the red of hindwings is replaced by grey, there is only a faint
gerda. reddish hue left at base, spots diffuse; underside of forewings is red. — gerda Warnccke on the other hand
seems to be a genuine subspecies. The grey-black spots in inner and central areas of forewings are very small,
partially extinct, wiiilst at outer margin they are wide and contiguous, especially in the $ ; similarly in the $
the black spots of hindwings in front of the outer margin are very large. The black spots on abdomen are very
barteli. small or quite absent. Underside only suffused with red to a very small degree. Amur territory. — barteli Krul.
from the southern Urals also has reduced spots, but even those of the outer area of wings are not enlarged,
the colour of same is dull. Later on the author himself admits that this form coincides with uralensis Bartel.

RHYPARIOIDES; DIACRISIA; HYPHORAIA By Dr. M. Draudt.

8:5

61. Genus: Rliyparloides Btlr.

B amurensis Brem. (Vol. 2, p. 94, pi. 14 i). — obliterata Hard. Both wings devoid of markings, only obliterata.
with a faint ochreous stripe and spots and one dark dot near the middle of inner margin. Hmdwmgs with
small diffuse pale brown spots with yellow surrounds. Barabash (Amur). July.

R. subvaria Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 94, pi. 14 k). — flavidior Oberth. is a form with much brighter ochreous yavidior.
yellow colouration from V/. China.

0. okinawana Mats. Described from a single §, is said to be very like metelkana (Vol. V pi- 14 i). Doie okmauana.
wings yellow-brown with 6 diffuse brownish spots, one in centre of cell, one in centre of mediana, one each
at angles of cell, two subterminally between veins 2 and 3; between veins 5 and 6 of hmdwmgs scarlet with
black discocellular spot with a black line from its lower extremity to the base; 5 subterminal spots the two
subapical ones being smaller than the others. Underside orange-yellow with black spots. Head and thorax
yellow, abdomen orange with black dots dorsally and laterally. Legs scarlet, tibiae and tarsi black- brown.

Wing expanse: 37 mm. Okinawa (Japan).

62. Genus: IMacrisia Hbn.

We consider Hampson’s separation of sannio from the large group classified under the GenUs Dia-
crisia to be correct. The characteristics mentioned in the main Volume, the sleeker build and the sexual di¬
morphism among others, suffice to separate same; sannio is the original type for the Genus Diaciisia.

D. sannio B. (Vol. 2, p. 94, pi. 14 k). In this species we have the following further denominations: -
vulpinaria L denotes the northern race according to Bryk, separating same from sannio, the nnd-european vulpinaria.
type. The latter has paler undersides to the wings. The following forms belong to the former: - bohemanm bohemanni.
Bryk with dark cell spot on hindwings, — lativiftata Bryk with wide outer margin to hmdwmgs. karehca ^hmttaia.
Bryk with completely red cell spot on forewings. — nebulosa Bryk (7 c) has ashy grey-biown hinc wings wi ou neb ulosa.
spots. — derosata Gloss denotes a S from the neighbourhood of Berlin without any rosy-red colouration. — derosata.
schawerdae Anger is a nice aberration with normal forewings and hindwings densely and uniformly c ustec schanerdae.
with rosy red; from Cervignano. — krejai Gloss ( = krejae Strd.) differs from karelica by its completely brown- krejai.
black cell spot. — immaculata Oberth. are aberrative specimens without any central spot. Such specimens immacu-
were already mentioned in Vol. 2 from the Valais, similar to moerens Strd., but in the formei tie m . wings
are only adumbrated in the $ sex. Similar specimens occur in the Aosta Valley: — ab. $ montana Gian. In montana.
Turin very pale specimens occur: — pezzii Rocci; here the ground colour of the S 1S Pale yellow with faint pezzn.
rose markings on forewings; hindwings are scarcely pale yellowish, almost white, the dark submarginal band
and central spot are totally absent. The original description gives no particulars of the $. — aestiva Cosiantim aeshva.
are smaller specimens of the 2nd generation from the Emilian Apennines; here the hindwings are scarcely brown,
quite yellow. — hijaris described by Spuler denotes deep yellow specimens without red and faintly developer lutam.
hindwing band of grey colour; from Turkestan. - mortua Stgr. is illustrated (7 c). - caucasica Schaposchmkoff caucasica.
are specimens from the Caucasus with increased black. Strand has unnecessarily altered the name into can -
casiana-, as we consider this Genus to have but the one type and as the other caucasica Alph. refers to jmrpurata
of the Genus Rhyparia , this new denomination should be rejected. The. same applies to the proposed alteration
of moerens in pseudomoerens Strd. (nec moerens Btlr. as a form of Arctinia cacsai^a) and of unifoimis . aas
in syrdarja Strd. (nec uniformis Mr. as a form of Spilosoma punctata Mi.).

63. Genus: Hyplioraia Hbn.

H. f estiva Bkh. (Vol. 2, p. 95, pi. 17 e). Of this species which has been captured more frequently of
late years, a number of forms have been named: — diplosema Stick, are smaller, more thinly scaled specimens diplosema.
which therefore look paler; the postdiscal markings are conjoined forming an “X or R shaped mark,
lemniscata Stick, is larger, all bands of forewings strikingly wide, the 2nd costal spot broad, conjoine m an lemniscata.
angular band with the posterior marginal spot. Hindwings ochreous yellow, only reddish outwaidly. er^" u Gl,( 111,1 ■
thema Stick, denominated from a single $ with intensive red hindwings, the black spots of hindwings out me
by rusty brown. All these 3 forms from the Vilui territory. — rosea Shelj. has rosy red hindwings extensively rosea.
dusted with darker scales, the red-brown colour of fore wings is darker. From Alexandrowsk (Murmansk coast).

H. ornata Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 95, pi. 17 e). Of this beautiful and very variable species, larger quantities ornata.
seem to have been captured of late years. Mr. 0. Bang-Haas was so kind as to send some of his varieties oi
illustrative purposes. — pallida farm. nov. ( 0 . B.-H. i. 1.) (7 d) is a form with whitish hindwings faintly suffused minaa.
with grey. — flavescens form. n. (0. B.-H. i. 1.) has yellow hindwings. — rosacea form. n. (0. B.-H. i M has l^esccvs.
hindwings with yellowish ground colour suffused with rose towards margins. ati opurpusea 0. B.- . 01 e atro-

wings inclined to violet-black ground colour, the yellow spots somewhat reduced in size. Hindwings gieJibl pm puna
white with heavily enlarged and confluent spots, so that almost the entire inner marginal area is gieUsh i ac v.

All these forms from Irkutsk Province.

84

PERICARDIA. By Dr. M. Dbatjdt.

sub- H. subftebulosa Dyar (Vol. 6, p. 325, pi. 42 b). This small species, which was first found in Alaska and

mbidobu. which closely resembles festiva, differing by its ochreous grey hindwings and the reduced size of spots of fore-
wings, has now also been discovered in northern Siberia at the mouth of the Jenisei. The only known from
there has somewhat more extensive yellow spot marking than the $ type, the spots in the centre of costa
are confluent, abdomen reddish brown, underside and tuft of abdomen orange red.

H. alpina Quens. (Vol. 2, p. 95, pi. 17 e). We are illustrating again (7 d) this beautiful species from
a perfect specimen from Sajan, which has been very kindly placed at our disposal by Mr. 0. Bahg-Haas.
The species is so variable that scarcely any two specimens are alike, the hindwings occur in all shades of red
sibirica. to yellow. — sibirica 0. B.-H. from the Altai is more daintily built, the wings somewhat narrower and elongated.
johanseni. colouration of hindwings pale rose. — johanseni 0. B.-H. is the form from arctic America from C'ollison Point
(North Alaska). It must be mentioned here and it is interesting to find its occurrence in circumpolar regions,
just as is the case in subnebulosa. It is most similar to sibirica, spots of forewings creamy yellow, basal black
of hindwings reduced to 2 streaks.

H. seitzi A. B.-H. (Vol. 2, p. 95, pi. 56 g). As synonyms must be mentioned: strandi Niepelt and niepel-
Jchumbeli. liana Strd. — khumbeli 0. B.-H. differs from the name type by the dull yellow colouration of the spots of
forewings, which are confluent, forming bands, hindwings with duller red colouration. Prom the northern
Central Thian Shan (Alma Ata) at 3080 m. altitude, captured at end of July.

soidiei. H. souliei Oberth. placed by Hampson in his group of Genus Arctia in juxtaposition to alpina. Head

led, neck yellow, thorax black with yellowish red streaks, abdomen red with black spots. Pore wings dark
brown with 6 yellowish red costal spots, a curved stripe from base of innermargin to the centre of the sub-
median fold and an oblique irregular postmedian band between 3 and the inner margin; an oblique band ex¬
tends from 4 to the margin along submedian nervure and between veins 6 and 4 there is a subterminal spot
with 2 sharp points. Hindwings red with black streak on submedian nervure, minute spots in centre and at
end of cell and a subterminal band of spots. In the $ the markings of forewings are more extensive and more
contiguous, hindwings a purer orange. W. China (Ta-tsien-lu).

H. aulica L. (Vol. 2, p. 95, pi. 17 e, f). We are illustrating the forms liamata and radiata (7 d) men-
rishiriensis. tioned in the main Volume. — rishiriensis Mats, has much larger yellow spots, the one at anal angle resembling
that of testudinaria, the spot behind the cell, as large as the one at end of cell, a small yellow spot between
same and the anal spot; hindwings with smaller basal spot, which is separate from the longitudinal streak
at inner margin. Wing expanse 34 — 40 mm. Hokkaido.

jlave°- H- testudinaria Fourcr. (Vol. 2, p. 96, pi. 17 f). — flaveofulgens DU. is a form from the S. Tyrol in

periUjpa. t^le r'('^ brown of the forewings is changed to a pale reddish yellow. — perilypa Schaw. on the other

hand has very dark brown forewings with reduced yellow markings; hindwings with wide black continuous,
not interrupted, marginal band, the basal 3rd quite black, with bold black central spot; described from Terlan.
fasciaia. fasciata Dlil. are similar, but forewings of normal colouration, only a small dentate band of red is left on
eonfluens. hindwings. confluens DU. has the long inner marginal spot extended stretching widely over the surface of
pauci- the wings. paucimacula Dhl. is the extreme opposite with remnants of the dentate outermarginal spot and
° nub Ha a ('0^ a*K)VC same and another one at base of wings. — nubila Caradja is probably very similar; forewings com¬
pletely dark brown or with a circular yellow spot at base; hindwings extensively spotted with black. — jla-
vescens Oberth. is synonymous with crocea Schultz.

64. Genus: Perlcallia Hbn.

P. matronula L. (Vol. 2, p. 9G, pi. 17 f, g). To the many forms described by Schultz, we have to add
^luteotineta ^bowing ; niarmorata Schultz with heavily enlarged spots on forewings. — luteotincta Schultz with orange
obi iter at a. H'bowish ground colour of forewings. — obllterata Shelj. is an interesting aberration with yellow Brewings,
irregularly suffused with brownish ; the orange-yellow hindwings entirely or almost devoid of spots, similarly
amm-ensis. the upperside of abdomen; 2 such specimens bred in S. Russia (Province Kostroma). — amurensis Shelj. is
much smaller than european specimens, of paler brown almost yellowish colouration, the yellow spots larger,
a fairly large spot also on the inner margin. Hindwings paler orange yellow with smaller black spots.
Nikolajewsk. In contrast to the form just described, specimens from the southern Amur territory, Ussuri
sachet- and eastern Mandchuria do not differ from european specimens. — sachalinensis form. n. (7 e) is similar to
the preceding form, but larger and more slender in build; thorax similarly pale brown as the ground colour
of forewings and not such a deep black as in specimens from Germany, the spots as deep an orange as the
hindwings, scarcely larger than in type and always, also in the with an anal spot, spots of hindwings small
and narrow, abdomen with a row of spots. Very common on Saghalin.

mnssoti. P. mussoti Oberth. classified by Hampson in this Genus with a query. Head and thorax brown, the

latter with white stripes, abdomen brown with carmine red bands dorsally, red laterally and white transverse
bands ventrically. Forewings brown with yellow white triangular spot below' base of cell, some small oblique

AXIQPOENA; PREP ARCTIA; ARCTIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

85

spots in centre of costa and in the cell and a triangular one below the cell ; a further spot is situate behind the
lower angle of cell and a cuneiform mark behind the centre between veins 1 and 2, an oblique costal streak
subterminally and an irregular spot with 2 dentations between veins 5 and 2. Hindwings orange red with
black spot at disco-cellular, a spot in centre of submedian nervine, an irregular apical spot and small marginal
spot between veins 3 and 2. Wing expanse: 36 mm. W. China (Ta-tsien-lu).

65. Genus: Axiopoena Men.

A. maura Eichw. (Vol. 2, p. 97, pi. 17 g). — flava 0. B.-H. has yellow hindwings instead of rose. — flava.
karellni Men. (= transcaucasia Shelj.) shows purer black colouration on fore and hindwings, being almost Icarelini.
blue-black on forewings, the rose of the hindwings is more brilliant, the red roundish spot in outer band is
missing, in place thereof there is a small intensively red band close to the outermargin below the centre;
a dark shadow on costa in the centre of the red basal patch. Suchum (Transcaucasia). — manissadjiam 0. B.-H.
has the rose of hindwings still further extended and there is similarly in the margin a narrow band of 1 cm
extent and white spots in outer margin on forewings. Malatia.

68. Genus: IVcparctia Hmps.

P. allardi Oberth. very closely resembles mirifica (Vol. 2, p. 97, pi. 17 i) has however yellow hindwings allardi.
with somewhat smaller spots and black tip to abdomen. The yellow bands on forewings are very wide being
partly confluent with one another, the outer ones with the margin, so that the black is very much reduced.

Wing Expanse: 68 mm. Eastern borders of Thibet.

P. buddenbrocki Kotzsch. (7 c). We have to thank the author for enabling us to illustrate this species, budden-
It is close to the former but can be distinguished immediately by the yellow abdomen which only on the first
rings bears traces of black dorsal spots. It differs from mirifica by the sharper angles formed in the band
markings. Hindwings ochreous yellow with black discal spot and a subterminal band of spots into which a
dentation of the narrow marginal band projects between veins 2 and 4. W. Kansu in June and July. Captured
by missionaries of the Steyler Mission.

69. Genus: Arctia Schrk.

A. fasciata Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 98, pi. 17 i). — obscurior Tli.-Mieg. is a dark form with almost extinct obscurior.
bands in central area, so that same is almost black. — punctfiera Tli.-Mieg. is the reverse, the black of forewings pundfiera.
is reduced to minute patches. — aurora Garadja are bred specimens of the 2nd brood of the form tigrina with aurora.
very dusky forewings and hindwings often completely suffused with red. — virginalis Oberth. has the white virginalis.
bands so enlarged that the disc is almost completely white and black spots are only found at margins of wings,
spots on hindwings very sparse. From Digne and Montpellier. — parvisi Trti. A Vrty. from Valdieri, Maritime parvisi.
Alps, described from 2 specimens claiming to be a race, has straighter pale yellow stripe markings than other
forms; in central area the black markings anastomose to such an extent that a large black trapeziform mark
is created with only a single yellow spot and a narrow stripe therein. Hindwings widely suffused with reddish
extending from the margin. — pyrenaica Rothsch. from the Pyrenees is the form which is smaller on an average, pyrenaica.
with hindwings sparsely marked with black, so that the predominant colour is yellow.

A. else Nissen is very close to cl do Wagn. (Vol. 2, p. 98, pi. 18 d) differing however by the darker else.
brown forewings, much larger and more whitish instead of yellow spots. Hindwings paler red and admixed
with yellow like oberthuri ; the species is about halfway between the two; dido is often considered to be a form
of oberthuri and else would be a midway form. I do not think they are one and the same species, the appearance
is too different, else is described from Algeria.

A. intercalaris Ev. (Vol. 2, p. 98, pi. 18 a). — flava Shelj. has the red of hindwings replaced by an flava.
intensive yellow; From around Naryn. — boettcheri 0. B.-H. are larger specimens with enlarged and pure boettcheri.
white band markings on forewings. From the southern Thian Shan. — alpherakyi Stgr. is not synonymous alpherakyi.
with intercalaris but denotes a smaller race from Alai and Transalai with reduced white markings. thibetica thibetica.
Fldr. (= simpliciella Strd.) (Vol. 2, p. 98, pi. 18 a; Vol. 10, p. 258) is not a distinct species but only a pale
brown form from the N. V/. Himalaya and in fact the type is an aberrative specimen without white maik-
ings and with quite black abdomen. — intermedia Rothsch. (Vol. 10, p. 258) is a transition to same, coloured intermedia.
like thibetica on forewings but with normal abdomen. The actual form should be named suttadra Mi. sutladra.
(Vol. 10, p. 258 and Vol. 2, pi. 18 a as “thibetica”), These are specimens with increased white markings, which
however do not occur on palaearctic territory. — aurantiaca Seitz ( = ab. 1 Hamps., lutea Rothsch.) are the aurantiaca.
corresponding types with pale yellow hindwings and paler brownish forewings; this form is theiefoie not
identical with flava Shelj.

86

ARCTIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

ungemachi. A. ungemadii Le Cerj is unknown to me and I do not know whether same should be inserted here.

Head black with yellow-red transverse line, palpi similarly; antennae brown and pectinated; body black on
upperside, rusty red underneath, similarly scapulae and sides of tegulae. Forewings pale ochreous heavily
marked with black spots,' so that only lines of the yellow colour are left; a spot at base on costa, 3 unequally
large spots beyond same in an oblique line, then follow 2 very large quadrate spots, the upper of which extends
to below the cell; of the next two the upper one is of medium size and is extended at inner angle in an
oblique line up to vein 2, the lower one large covering the anal angle and extending upwards to vein 3; above
same a large subapical spot which expands downwards to vein 4 and on upper side conjoins with a straight
irregular marginal band which extends to vein 2. Hindwings brilliant scarlet red, a black spot in centre of
cell, beyond same from costa to upper angle of cell a straight black band conjoining with black arch at disco-
cellular; 2 very large spots at margin, interrupted widely between veins 2 and 3. Wing expanse: 39 mm.
Marocco (Azrou), a single q captured in June.

A. caja L. (Yol. 2, p. 98, pi. 18 b). There is no more favoured subject for denominations than this
si'liaia anC^ consecLuently there is an inumlation of names for all manner of slight varieties. — flavosignata Closs are
stgnaa. specimens where the white bands of fore wings have a yellowish tinge; denominated from 1 specimen bred at
grebi. Berlin. — grebi Peijfcr is not quite the same, as the bands are here described as being pure dark yellow with
jeuneti. hindwings a salmon pink; bred from Wuerttemberg parents. — jeuneti Oberth. has bands of forewings dusted
>n acul at a carm^ne re(T The denominations of slight variations in markings of fore wings are very prolific: — quadri-

maculata Stdtterm. is an extreme form of syltica ; the loops facing the base of the triple costal spot are
conjunda. completely separated and the hindmarginal spot- is dissolved in 2 parts. — conjimcta Stdtterm. is similar and
at the same time the major part of the inner marginal spot merges with the loops separated from the costal
Mconjuncta. spots, forming a transverse band. — biconjuncta Stdtterm. is the same but the separated loop of the costal
ypsilon. spot is similarly united to the corresponding part of the inner marginal spot, also forming a band. — ypsilon
Stdtterm. is like conjuncta but the part of the innermarginal mark near base is separated so that a “Y” shaped
hebeotdes. transverse band is created in central area. — hebeoides Stdtterm. like ypsilon but the separated part of the
loop of the costal spot merges with the separated part of the inner marginal spot, similarly forming a trans-
\erse band. A number of graclatory forms interpose, as: — connexa Englisch, trimacula-pallida Englisch,
furcata-mdiata and vittata which correspond to the same forms in flavia and which are only mentioned here
as belonging to this group. Until we get to the extreme form of phantasma Niep. with pure white forewings
teinfcsti. and unicoloured red hindwings there are an immense number of transition forms. For instance: — leinfesti
Iibl. where the basal 3/4ths are almost white and at the same time the hindwings are orange yellow with
duthula. basal spots absent whilst the 4 marginal spots merge. A step further in gradation and we have — duthula
Th. Mieg. with almost completely white fore wings and brickred hindwings on which there are remnants of
schultzi. spots in the shape of brown dots. — Similar results are produced by exposure to cold: schultzi Frings has
white markings of central area extinct, but enlarged in basal area and the subterminal “X” markings dissolve
towards the margin, so that the outer area appears almost completely white; hindwings normal. Experiments
vith ether seem to have an opposite effect and cover a number of denominated forms till we reach obscura
r aduit a. C kll. Thus in radiata Gramann, wiiite markings of forewings reduced, with increased red on hindwings
"'SIU ' ^ith a ray-like merging of the spots forming 3 cuneiform marks running to a point at base. — rosae Gramann
also a result of experiment with ether, a combination of confluens Rbl. with the just described radiata with
such heavily developed cuneiform marks that at the thick ends they merge forming a large mark running
exceUens. into three points towards base. — excellens Closs shows wiiite markings of forewings almost extinct, only a
thin dentate submarginal band, two inner marginal spots and a basal spot remaining; hindwings black with
‘retime an oran&e margin and inner margin, abdomen red with the Usual blank marks. — margarethae Aue has, like
the following forms, brown forewings with dark black-brown markings in place of wiiite . One cannot say that
all the following forms are synonymous, because each one differs in some small characteristic from the others;
rLU<chromica ^us mardarethae has red hindwings, narrowly yellow at margin with irregularly merging spots. — quasimorto-
chromica Biezanko is deep brown on body and wings, the normal white markings reflecting through in a deeper
shade of brown, hindwings are black-brown with scarcely visible black marks, abdomen remains red with
lumusa. the usual black markings. — fumosa Horh. similarly dusky brown with markings contrasting in slightly deeper
shade, but abdomen is also dusky; hindwings similarly brown, black spots with blue reflection; antennae
z mi nyl . brownish, trom Saxony. — zimnyi Szulczewski similarly shows wdiite markings replaced by darker shade
than ground colour, only subapically a few whitish patches retained. Hindwings red with yellow base and
hotya. costa as well as 3 small spots near anal angle. — bolga Th.-Mieg. perhaps simply a synonym of obscura Gkll.,
binutis, all 4 wings unicolorous brown. — similis Szculczewski also shows a reduction in the extent of the white stripe
markings, those in central area are replaced by dark brown marks. Pale forms inclining to albinoism are :
ciffingeii. — eif f ingeri Aue body and forewings normal, hindwings, head and frons are yellow-brown, the black spots
(jibliardti. have yellow edges. — gebhardti Bohr, has reddish ochreous yellow f'orewings and dull reddish yellow hindwings.

badia Rautmann is mousy grey on head and body, forewings grey or yellow-grey, bands grey-white, hind-
wings yellowish brown with 4 small grey spots with yellow edges. From a specimen bred at Magdeburg. There
albccitiata. are still the following denominations: — albociliata Stcttrnn. with white or in any case almost white fringes
frontalis. ^Orew’nos- albofrontalis Stdtterm. with white band on frons, which extends to the white tegulae, such

ARCTIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

87

nigrociliata Hoffm. has ntgrescens.

° aurantiaca.

as is the case in phaeosoma and auripennis. Aberrative forms of hindwings are: — aurantiaca Englisch with aurantiaca.
orange red. — brunnescens Stdtterm. with dusky brown. — nigrescens Lamb, with black hindwings. — auran- brunnescens.
tiaca Klem. is a confluens Rbl. with orange yellow hindwings; from Neu-Sandez.

margin of hindwings edged 1 nun with black right to the anal angle. From Styria. — muecki Kraml. has only niyro.
the 3 outer spots retained on hindwings. — ocellata Stdtterm. has the blue-black spots of hindwings edged ciliaia.
with yellow. — caeca Stdtterm. has them filled with yellow instead of blue. — parvimaculata Stdtterm. has
only 3 — 4 small spots on hindwings, the anal one is only a dot or totally absent. — nigropennalis Stdtterm. caeca.
has black veins on hindwings which are outlined with yellow. — brunneociliata Stdtterm. has dark brown
fringes to hindwings, only being yellow in anal third. — cingulata Stdtterm. is the counterpart to rubrodorsalis n{gro.
Schultz in which the black marks on abdomen are extended forming ringlets which merge in the brown colour pennalis.
of the sides of abdomen. — wiskotti Stgr. is the curious pale armenian form, of which we can give an i I lustra brunn
tion (7 f) of a specimen ex the collection of Sohn-Rethel. — The following local forms have been denominated: cingulata.
— sajana 0. B.-H. a dark race, at least the outermost of the 3 middle costal marginal spots is conjoined with sajana.
the spot below same on inner margin forming a kind of a band; spots of hindwings small and round. S. \\ .
of Irkutsk. — tschiliensis /. n. ( 0 . B.-H. i. 1.) (7 e) is a small form, the bands at base of inner margin are ex- tscUliensis.
tended boldly longitudinally, hindwings orange with relatively small spots. Province Chihli. — kamtschadalis kamtscha-
/. n. ( 0 . B.-H. i. 1.) (7 f) resembles sajana but has much paler colouration of ground of forewings and strikingly
narrow bands and red hindwings. Kamtschatka. — immaculosa Mats, is a phaeosoma form in which the black immaculosa.
spot in cell of hindwings is absent, only the 3 subterminal spots being present. Corea. — Strand desires to
introduce the unnecessary name: ladogensis for confluens Rbl. because of the older name of confluens Rom.
which however refers to a form of villica.

dalis.

A. flavia Fue-ssl. (Vol. 2, p. 99, pi. 18 b). To be added to the many forms denominated in the main
Volume, we have: — albimaculata Lorez {= mediomaculata Spul., trimacula-pallida Englisch) with large white albi-
spots in the black central area of forewings. — vitfata Spul. has an uninterrupted white central band in middle
area. — furcata-radiata Englisch is a similar form, but this hand is of “Y” shape and the submedian nervure furcat-i-
is also white. — latefasciata Lorez has a widened white transverse band. — nigricans-confluens Romberg radiata.
denotes a pathological specimen with an asymmetrical reduction of the white markings on forewings as well nigricoms-
as a dissimilar confluence of* the black marks of hindwings. — nox Romberg is completely black on upperside, confluens.
also abdomen is black. — immaculata Lorez has black spots absent on hindwings or retained merely as dots.

— continua Schultz has an uninterrupted black marginal band on hindwings. — signata Spul. has 4 — 5 ad- /a/a.

ditional small marginal spots on hindwings. — aurantiaca Englisch has orange-red hindwings. — connexa continua.
Englisch has besides the central lunule on hindwings an additional black oblique streak from base, to outer
margin. — golubzovi Sorokin is according to Kolossov synonymous with uralensis Heyne; a large form, connexa.
forewings extensively black, a small white subcostal streak at base; fringes white. Hindwings with 2 black golubzovi.
bands. A melanic form from Krasnoufimsk, Wiatka. The following further local races have been described:

— baiealensis 0. B.-H. similarly a completely black form, only threadlike white lines retained at base and baicalensis.
in subterminal area. Hindwings very deep yellow, black spots very enlarged, partially confluent. From Ir¬
kutsk and Vilui. — lederi O. B.-H. is, on the other hand a small, weakly form, the black quite pale, even grey, lederi.

the white bands wider than in specimens from the Alps. Hindwings whitish yellow with very small black
spots, frequently only one at anal angle. Northern Mongolia: Uliassutai, Tannuola and Sajan mountains. -
jeholensis 0. B.-H. from the eastern Chingan mountains, Province Chihli, resembles lederi but is larger and jeholensis.
abdomen appears to be a constant yellow instead of red.

A. villica L. (Vol 2, p 99, pi. 18 c) (7 g) We are illustrating as caliginosa a specimen from the State
Museum of Munich, which perhaps would be better described as — nigricans Oberth. as it retains only rem- nigricans.
nants of white marks on fore wings, and spots of hindwings are irregularly confluent similar to contracta Schultz.

— fereunicolor Oberth. is similar to illustris Schultz, having reddish yellow forewings with traces of black mark- fere-
ings, hindwings devoid of markings and reddish yellow. — villicula Strd. (= ab. 4 Hmps.) is a very aberrative
specimen. Forewings reddish yellow, costa, margin, one apical spot and 3 spots below costa and one at lower
angle of cell are black, hindwings with only a few black spots at margin. A very nice specimen of this descrip¬
tion ex the collection of Phillips is illustrated in Iris Vol. 18, pi. 2, Fig. 8 (1905). — villicella Strd. ( = ab. 5 villicella.
Hmps.) is probably synonymous with brunnescens Schultz with brown hindwings. — wardi Matthew is normally wardi.
marked in the basal 2/3rds of forewings, whilst the 3 subterminal spots are enlarged and confluent so that
the entire apical 3rd is yellow-white with 2 small black spots therein and a black costa. This form has often
been bred in England and also captured in nature. — confluentissima Oberth. is a further extension from this confluen-
form. Also from England. — arabum Oberth. held by Hampson to be synonymous with konewkai, has spots ara^"na
more or less confluent in an oblique direction, hindwings are orange yellow; Algiers. — meridionalis Heinrich mer{.
is the form from Digne which makes a generally paler impression, the black being repressed in favour of white
and of yellow on the hindwings; spots of forewings inclined to be confluent, the apical black on hindwings
is reduced. The wing contour is generally somewhat sleeker. — dryope Catherine, is an aberrative specimen dryope.
of same. Spots of forewings confluent longitudinally, inner margin yellow with only a small black dot at apex;

bcUieroides.

syriaca.

mixta.

1 estiva,
albescens.

lu yens.

melaena.

fischeri.

moerens.

tristis.

funebris.

luctuosa.

altenuata.

dahlkei.

christ iniae.

fumosa.

cathlina.

festivella.

albidina.

semialba.

reducta.

albinisans.

minus-

signata.

ragusai.

nivea.

'philvppsi.

iliensis.

interposita.

culoti.

88 ARCTIA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

tegulae yellow, abdomen without spots. Described from the Alpes Maritimes. — bellieroides /. n. is an inter¬
esting form, illustrated (7 g) from the collection of Sohr-Rethel and alleged to have been captured at Capri,
which with normal but deep yellow toned spot markings has the deep brown colour of bellieri, thus does not
resemble konewkai. We are illustrating fulminans (7 g) to which also belongs — syriaca Oberth. with normal
wing colouration and spot marking, but the apex and fringes of hindwings are more extensively black. — mixta
Schmidt based on an aberrative specimen with confluent basal and central spots ( = ab. Ursula Schultz) and
a long cuneiform mark to centre of inner margin ; the spots of basal half of wing are yellow, the outer ones
whitish; on hindwings the basal row of spots is absent. On plate 7 g we are giving a better illustration of a
somewhat aberrative form of angelica.

A. rueckbeili Fung. (Vol. 2, p. 100) is now illustrated (7 f).

A. hebe L. (Vol. 2, p. 100, pi. 18 d). This species is latterly placed in the Genus Eucharia Hb. and the
older name of festiva Hufn. re-introduced for same. The following aberrative forms are named: — albescens
Schultz: basal and central area of forewings quite white, only 2 black spots retained in marginal area; Frank¬
furt a. d. Oder. — lugens Schultz (= ab. 4 limps. ) : forewings adumbrated, the black colour extended and
more or less confluent, hindwings widely black, at best a little red colouration left at base; also abdomen is
suffused with black. — melaena Biezanko is very similar; the entire body is black, ground colour of forewings
velvety black, band markings slightly duller and discernible in the black; hindwings black with 3 small rose
coloured spots in disc. — fischeri Diemer resembles same but there are 2 further small yellow-white spots on
costa of forewings ; from Posen. — moerens Oberth. is again very similar, but the light bands of forewings are
retained but only in costal area, hindwings without spots, sooty black, only a little rose colour left at base.
— tristis Oberth. is a transition form with extended black, abdomen also is quite black, spots of hindwings
increased in size and number. — funebris Oberth. quite similar, hindwings with still more black. — luctuosa
Oberth. has all spots of forewings a deep ochre yellow, hindwings sooty black-brown, the black spots a still
deeper shade of black and therefore apparent. — attenuata Oberth. has all transverse bands of forewings yellow-
red, hindwings are rose coloured through which the spots appear rusty red. — dahlkei Closs is nearly the same
as melaena , but hindwings differ somewhat, they are black with a rose streak at costa; there are 3 small
yellow-white spots on costa of forewings as in fischeri. — ab. christinae Sterzl corresponds approximately to
ab. paradoxa of purpura ta with almost rosy -white basal half of wings, only the base is black, whilst marginal
area is suffused with brown-grey through which the deeper black spots are reflected. — ab. fumosa Sterzl is
a uniformly dusky smoky brown coloured specimen with normal deep black band and spot markings. — cath¬
lina Th.-Mieg. (= flavescens Oberth.) does not differ much from loassi, but the hindwings are purer yellow
without any brownish tinge. — festivella Strd. (= ab. 5 Hmps.) is an asymmetric pathological specimen,
forewings on one side brownish in basal half instead of black, on the other side the entire fore wing is brownish ;
hindwings yellowish with apical half turning into brownish. — albidina Sitowski has quite white hindwings
with black spots ; forewings black with 5 white transverse bands edged with orange, abdomen completely black-
brown. From Limanowa. — semialba Maslowscy similarly has white hindwings, but a little rose is retained
at the base. — reducta Closs disc of hindwings devoid of spots, only one spot retained on costa and at anal
angle. Ivonigswusterhausen. — albinisans Oberth. has forewings almost completely with faint reddish yellow
hue, only at cell end, below apex and at anal angle there are black spots. — minussignata Th.-Mieg. the 2nd
black transverse band of forewings is reduced, the 3rd is quite absent and the 4th is only retained from costa
to apex of cell. The following races are denominated: — ragusai Stdr. has no yellow edge to the white spots
of forewings, the black central band is wider. Hindwings intensively red. From Palermo. — nivea 0. B.-H.
is the race from Asia Minor (Aintab, Malatia, Amasia, Tokat); here the bands are also pure white and enlarged
at the expense of the narrower black ground colour. Hindwings dull red. — philippsi 0. B.-H. from the Prov.
Syr Darja (Baigacum). Bands of forewings tinged with rose, the black colour extended becoming almost con¬
fluent. Hindwings rose coloured with dull black transverse band, small basal spot and interrupted marginal
band; body quite black only collar narrowly red. — iliensis Wagn. is a remarkable small race, the white trans¬
verse bands narrow, the 3rd quite absent. Hindwings heavily marked with spots. From the Ili territory and
Alexander mountains. — interposita 0. B.-H. is similarly very small, the light bands of forewings very narrow,
wider in outer area with only very faint rose hue; hindwings very pale rose colour with narrow marginal band.
Body completely black. The $ has quite black forewings, red hindwings with wide conjoined middle and
marginal bands. Alai: Margelan. — collaris Gr. Grsh. has besides the wide red collar, the entire abdomen compl¬
etely red without the black dorsal stripe, only the tip is black.

A. culoti Oberth. is placed by 0. Bang-Haas with the form of interrogationis of the previous species.
This does not appear to be correct; culoti is a very small compactly built species. Head and collar light ochreous,
the latter with 2 black dots; thorax black with ochreous yellow stripes anteriorly, metathorax with scarlet
red markings, abdomen red at base, otherwise fawn with black lateral stripes. Forewings black with reddish
yellow transverse bands similar to those of interrogationis but all very wide and extending straightly to inner
margin so that the black is at utmost 1 mm wide. Hindwings scarlet red with black middle band and marginal
spots and all are edged with yellow. Wing expanse: 46 mm. East Siberia.

Publ. 29. I. 1932.

CALLIMOitPHA; NEOCHELONIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

89

7. Family: Callimorphinae.

71. Genus: Callimorplia Lair.

G. dominula L. (Vol. 2, p. 101, pi. 18 e) — hamelensis Pfl. is illustrated (7 h), this is the form in which
all spots of forewings are white. — bithynica Stgr. (7 h) is a genuine race; occasionally specimens also occur in bithynica.
Germany with all spots of foi’ewings ochreous yellow, such specimens should be named — ochromaculata h uchs ochro-
( = spaneyi Strd.). The illustration in main Volume on pi. 18 e as “ bithynica ” does not refer to this form, but
to a specimen inclining towards romanovi. — rossica Kol. (7 h) is freshly illustrated; the brilliant green ground
colour is characteristic. Further we are illustrating lusitanica Stgr. (7 h) and paucimacula Schultz (7 i), as well
as a very fine specimen coming between conferta Schuliz and fasciata Spul., which is in the Munich State Museum
(as “ dominula ab.”) and which was very kindly placed at our disposal. — pompalis Nitsche. (= subalpina DM.) pompahs.
is a fine and large race from the S. Tyrol, especially from the neighbourhood of Waidbruck. lorewings very
glossy, steel-blue with normal, although often somewhat reduced, spot-marking, hindwings deep carmine red
with confluent marginal spots forming a band. Wing expanse 55 mm. — postochrea Stdr. are specimens with postochrea.
deep ochreous yellow hindwings from the Mte Faito. — majellica Dhl. (7 h) is the very characteristic racial majeUica.
form from the southern Abruzzi ; small with heavy green gloss on forewings with rather small but normal spot
marking, hindwings ochreous yellow with complete wide black marginal band, more or less evenly edged on
inner side and showing no inclination to form ray-like extensions.

C. philippsi Bartel (Vol. 2, p. 101) (7 i). We are able to illustrate the, so far unique, type specimen ol philippsi.
Dr. Philipps, thanks to the kindness of the owner.

G. quadripunctaria Poda (Vol. 2, p. 101, pi. 18 f). — nigricans Kemp. (= luctuosa Oberth.) (7 i) is now nigricans.
illustrated. — tristis Sterzl are transition forms, white stripes considerably reduced, hindwings dusted over tristis.
grey-black. — latefasciata Bub. has a narrower and longer inner transverse stripe on fore wings; hindwings latefasciata.
are paler red, marginal spots form a complete band. — typhloteisa Pfeiffer & Buholzer is a counterpart to typhloteisa.
nigricans, in extreme forms all the black has disappeared, except for a longitudinal streak at base above sub-
median nervure and a spot at close of cell ; hindwings red and devoid of spots ; transition forms to this, show
remnants of the dark ground colour reflected through in pale ochreous brown. From around the Pilatus. -
splendidior Tams is a race from N. W. Persia and Armenia; fore wings a brilliantly green glossy black, bands splendidior.
wide and a bright yellowish red; hindwings a vivid scarlet red with complete marginal band.

G. menetriesi Ev. (Vol. 2, p. 102, pi. 18 f). Quite close to this form, miranda Obth. (Vol. 2, p. 72, pi. 13 f)
classified under Coscinia should be placed.

C. coreana Mats, is to be placed after histrio Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 102, pi. 18 g). It differs by orange-yellow coreana.
palpi, only the base and a streak on the outer side of middle segment are black. The light yellow spots on
forewings are much larger, more numerous and of slightly different shape : on costa there are 5 spots, the orange-
yellow cliscal spot is comma shaped, the tornus spot is crescent shaped, there are 2 conjoined cuneiform spots
in centre of cellule 1 b, in centre of inner margin there is a yellow spot with yellow hairs. Hindwings with 4
rows of black spots. Legs are orange with black spots. Wing expanse: 73 mm. Corea (Gensan).

71a. Genus: itfeoclieloiiia Draes.

The species placed in this Genus are nearest to Gallimorpha Latr. and Galpenia Moore. The accessory
cell of forewings is absent, veins 11 and 12 do not anastomose, vein 6, or at all events 7 to 10 stalked. Hind¬
wings with veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 stalked. Hind tibiae with 2 pairs of spurs. Its classification under
Oroncus Sz. is excluded.

Type: N. bieti Oberth.

N. bieti Oberth. (Vol. 10, p. 263 erroneously printed as “ biati ”) reminds one by its shape somewhat of H. bieti.
jacobaeae, which in common with Hampson I hold to be a genuine Arctiid and not a Nyctemeriniid — Hampson
gives the Genus name: Tyria Hbn. for same. Wing contour somewhat narrower than the latter. Fore wings
black with greenish sheen, a yellow subapical spot of varying size and form and a yellow costal streak, which
bends towards centre of outermargin and from there extends to anal angle. Hindwings orange-yellow in type
with black cell spot and a black marginal band which is generally subdivided in two and which in some specimens
encloses a yellow spot of the ground colour at the anal angle. Veins more or less densely black, occasionally
so widely, that the entire hindwing is black. Body black with carmine red collar and anal segment and yellow
lateral stripes on the glossy green abdomen. — sulphurea Oberth. have pale yellow hindwings. — albescens Oberth. sulphurea.
have whitish hindwings. From Ta-tsien-lu and Omi-hsien.

N. poultoni Oberth. has veins 3 and 4 of hindwings without stalks. Larger than the previous species, poultoni.
markings however similarly situate. Forewings black with faint green sheen, especially on the slightly paler
veins and folds. Hindwings with irregularly placed black spots like A. caja. Szechuan, Kwang-hsien.

Supplementary Volume 2 12

90

HIPOCRITA; RYALQCOA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

8. Family: Nyctemen'nae.

72. Genus: Hipocrita Him.

iotonigra. H. jacobaeae L. (Vol. 2, p. 103, pi. 18 li). — ab. totonigra Richter are extreme melanic forms, all wings

quite black, on forewings a deeper tone is visible where otherwise the colour should be red, when looked at from
nxgrana. the side. nigrana Gabeau are transition forms. Here the hindwings are quite black, only at base a little dusky
pattens, red is retained. — pallens Gabeau has grey forewings, the red is very pale. Both forms are described from Belgium.

73. Genus: Hyalocoa Hmps.

cttra. H. diaphana Ev. (\ ol. 2, p. 103, pi. 18 h). — atra A. B.-H . is a smaller form of only 30 mm wring expanse

from Sajan, here the hyaline wings are dusted with blackish, abdomen is unicoloured black, as also is the
collar, which in diaphana are both yellow. Fore wings with a faint hyaline somewhat paler submarginal shadow
kozhan- and a similar patch at inner margin. — kozhantschikovi Shelj. originally classified to the subsequent Genus
tsc Hyperborea Gr. Gr., whilst 0. Bang-Haas considers it identical with atra, with which I am not in agreement.

It is of larger wing expanse, viz: 36 mm in ; wings semi-transparent mouse-grey, faintly iridescent with
indistinct whitish markings, forming an undulate submarginal band; veins darker and a dark line at margin,
fringes being paler. The $ is somewhat smaller, sprinkled with whitish in outer half of wings, a dark undulate
transverse band in the centre, parallel with outer margin and which arises from a small white spot on costa.

Body grey. Wing expanse of $: 29 mm. Captured on the Jelinda river (Djugjuz Mountains), Primorskaja
in June.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Arctiidae.

* signifies that the form is also illustrated at the place cited.

aestiva Diacr. Cost. Atti Soc. Nat. Modena (5) 3, p. 17. 1916.
ainonis Lith. Mats. Ins. Mats. 1, p. 114, 1927.
aksuensis Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *
alaica Or. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 61, 1927. *
alba Paras. Kaucki Polsk Pismo 1, p. 4, 1922.
albescens Arct. Schultz Ent. Z. 22, p. 183, 1908.
albescens Oyb. Closs Int. E. Z. 14. p. 13, 1920.
albescens Neo. Oberth. Et. Comp. 6, 1912. *
albescens Ocn. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 13, p. 8, 1917. *
albieostata Pel. limps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. I, p. 440. 1914. *
albida Cose. Schulze Int. E. Z. 4, p. 26, 1910.
albida Cyb. Cather. Amat. Pap. 1, p. 241, 1922.
albidina Arct. Sitkowsky Bull. Ak. Crakow. 44, p. 146.
albidior Paras. Heinr. Int. E. Z. 11, p. 72. 1917.
albimaculata Arct. Lorez Soc. Ent. 19, p. 124, 1904.
albinisans Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *
albiramis Spil. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 188, 1919.
albobrunnescens Ocn. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 135, 1919.
albociliata Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
albofrontalis Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
albovittata Ocn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 83, 1910.
alexandri Spil. Pasz. Rovart. Lapok 22, p. 88, 1915.
alpina Nud. Uffeln Ent. Z. 26, p. 13, 1912.
amurensis Per. Shelj. Iris 40, p. 56, 1926.
andresi Ocn. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, S. 73. *
anomala Spil. Masl. Polsk Pismo 2, p. 128, 1923. *
apicistrigata Spil. Hard. Ent. Mitt. 17, p. 416, 1928. *
arabum Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 4, 1910. *
araitensis Paras. Mats. Ins. Mats. 3, p. 168, 1929.
arcuata TJth. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, 1911. *
arterica Endr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 53, p. 565, 1914.
aterrima Cose. Gaede D. Ent. Z., p. 252, 1923.
atra Hip. A. B.-H. Iris 26, p. 109, 1912.
atroalba Par. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 745, 1912.
atroplia Phr. Bryk Ent. Tidskr. 44, p. 116, 1923.
atropurpurea Hyph. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 117, 1927. *
atrosuffusa Par. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 745, 1912.

! attenuata Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *

I aurantiaca Arct. Engl. Verh. z. b. Wien 74/75, p. 104.

aurantiaca Arct. Engl. Lep. Rundschau 1, p. 107, 1927.

J aurantiaca Arct. Klem. Bull. Ak. Crakow. 46, p. 18.

J aurantiaca Paras. Schaw. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 14, p. 115,
1924.

aurantiacana Spil. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
aurantifemur Diaph. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 228, 1919.

| auranti.emur Spil. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 4' 6, 1919.
j aurora Arct. Car Ent. Rundsch. 39, p. 40, 1922.

badia Arct. Rautm. Ent. Z. 31, p. 65, 1917.
baikalensis Arct. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 74, 1927. *
baltica Endr. Wahlgr. Ent. Tidskr. 1913, p. 70.
banghaasi Cel. West Aim. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 3, p. 194, 1929.
barteli Rhyp. Krul. Material, k pozn. Faun., p. 172, 1909.
b lyardi Eupr. Le Charles Amat. Pap. 1, p. 10, 1922. *
bellieroides Arct. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 87. *
j berthina Ocn. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384, 1910.
bicolor Hyph. Spul. Schmett. 2. p. 136, 1913.
bicolor ITth. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 182, 1911. *
biconjuncta Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
bieti Neo. Oberth. Et. Ent. 9, p. 20. *
bipuncta Schist. Hmps. Ill. Idet. B. M., p. 54, 1891. *
bipunctata Cose. Stgr. Warn. Iris 38, p. 158, 1927.
blanca Ocn. Ribbe Iris 23, p. 349, 1912.
blanca Spil. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Wien 68, p. 163, 191S.
bodenkeimeri Paid. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 65. *
boettcheri Arct. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1. p. 72. 1927. *
bohemanni Diacr. Bryk Ent. Tidskr. 44, p. 113, 1923.
bolga Arct. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384, 1910.
bosniaca Endr. Rebel Berge-Rebel, p. 437, 1910.
britannica Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 4, 1910. *
brunnea Endr. Closs Int. E. Z. 10, p. 39, 1916.
brnnnea Endr. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 13, p. 201,
1921.

brunnea Phil. Vorbr. B’flies of Switzerland 2. p. 208. 1914.

91

Index and references of original descriptions of palaearctic Arctiidae.

brunneoeiliata Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
brumieoides Spil. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
brunnescens Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
brunnescens Phil. Hirschke Verh. z. b. Wien 60, p. 410, 1910.
buddenbrocki Prep. Kotzsch Ent. Z. 43, p. 206, 1929. *
buraetica Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *

caeca Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
caneseens Gnoph. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 355.
canigulensis Cose. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, 1911. *
catherinei Endr. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1908, p. 291.
cathlava Cl. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent, Belg. 54, p. 384, 1910.
catklina Arct. Tli.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384, 1910.
caucasiana Diacr. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
caucasica Diacr. Schaposchn. Ann. Mus. Pet. 9, p. 2o3, 1904.
centralasiae Euch. O. B.-H. Horae Macro!. 1, p. 59, 1927.
chinesica Man. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 645, 1922.
chishimana Spil. Mats. Ins. Mats. 3, p. 167, 1929.
christinae Arct. Sterzl Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1, p. 2, 1926. *
cingulata Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
circummaculata Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1, p. 6, 1926. *
dara Phr. Sibille Lambill. 27, p. 74, 1927.
clarimarginata Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1, p. 6, 1926.
clossi Endr. Heinr. D. Ent. Z., p. 534, 1916.
commerelli Cose. Stdr. Verh. z. b. Wien 70, p. 177, 1920.
complanoides Lith. Fuchs Jahrb. Nass. \ . 45, p. 88.
complutoides Endr. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 753, 1922.
concolor Pel. Schultz Ent. Z. 22, p. 184, 1909.
confluens Arct. Linst. Int. E. Z. 8, p. 43, 1914.
confluens Hyph. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42. p. 113, 1928.
confluens Milt. Lamb. Cat. Lep. Belg., p. 369, 1906.
eonfluentissima Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 137.
confusa Paras. Stgr. Reutti, Faun. Baden, p. 51, 1898.
conjuncta Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
connexa Arct. Engl. Verh. z. b. Wien 74/75, p. 104.
connexa Eupr. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 102, 1929.
connexa Arct. Engl. Lep. Rundsch. 1, p. 107, 192/.
continua Arct. Schultz Ent. Z. 19, p. 9, 1905.
corea Chion. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 675, 1922.
coreana Call. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. Hokkaido 19, p. 60.

Corsica Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 4. *

costanigra Spil. Lamb. Rev. Namur 1906, p. 18.

costimacula Cel. Stgr. Mem. Roman. 3, p. 182, 1887. *

cremella Cyb. Krul. Soc. Ent. 23, p. 18, 190S.

cremonae Eupr. Culot Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1909, p. 271.

culoti Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *

curula Diaph. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 386, 1910.

dahlkei Arct. Closs In£. E. Z. 8. p. 180, 1915.

daisetsuzana Orod. Mats. Ins. Mats. 1, p. 113, 1927.

dannehli Eupr. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 102, 1929.

deleta Milt. Hofer Verh. z. b. Wien 73, p. 193, 1924.

denigrata Ocn. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 138, 1919.

denudata Eupr. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 102, 1929.

depauperata Oeon. Henriot Amat. Pap. 1, p. 244, 1923.

derosata Diacr. Closs Int. E. Z. 10, p. 40, 1916.

desaburrata Pel. Dhl. Ent. Z. 39, p. 16, 1925.

destrigata Milt. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 134. 1928.

dignensis Cl. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.

diluta As. Draes. Iris 40, p. 52, 1926.

diluta Lith. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 32. p. 228, 1925.

diplosema Arct. Stichel Berl. Ent. Z. 56, p. 98, 1911.

discisigna As. Mr. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 35.

distributa Nola Wkr. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 6, p. 113, 1862.

djainila Diaph. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Wien 68, p. 31, 1918.

drueti Spil. Derenne Rev. Namur 24, p. 35, 1924.

dryope Arct. Cather. Amat. Pap. 4, p. 288, 1929.

dubernardi Cose. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *

dublitzkyi Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927.

duthula Arct. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384, 1910.

eiffingeri Arct. Aue Ent. Z. 31, p. 73, 1917.
else Arct. Nissen Nov. Zool. 24, p.438, 1917.
elwesi Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *
emmanueli Phr. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 172, 1922. *
erythema Hyph. Stich. Berl. E. Z. 56, p. 99, 1911. *
euphaea Cel. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 8, p. 177, 1901.
excelle'ns Arct. Closs Int. E. Z. 12, p. 35, 1918.
extensa Oeon. Closs Int. E. Z. 13, p. 51, 1919.
extrema Cose. Rocci Atti Soc. Ligust. 24, p. 191, 1914.

faroulti Phi’. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 233, 1911.

fasciata Cel. Rebel Berge-Rebel, p. 421, 1910.

fasciata Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1, p. 7, 1926. *

fasciata Cose. Closs Int. E. Z. 10, p. 39, 1916.
fasciata Endr. Spul. Schmett. 2, p. 147, 1906.
fasciata Hyph. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 113, 1928.
fasciata Or. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 61, 1927.
fasciata Spil. Closs Int. E. Z. 10, p. 40, 1916.
fasciata Spil. Dufr. Rev. Namur 1907, p. 50.
festivella Arct. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 330, 1919.
fischeri Arct. Diemer Int. E. Z., p. 97, 1913.
flava Arct. Shelj. Iris 40, p. 60.

flava Cyb. Preiss Verh. z. b. Wien 59, p. 233, 1909.
flava Milt. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 115, 1927.
flava Milt. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1892, p. 13.
flava Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927.
flava Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 63, 1927. *
flava Ocn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 24, p. 396, 1917.
flava Or. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 77. *
flava Parab. Draes. Iris 40, p. 50, 1926.
flava Uth. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 58, 1927.
flaveofulgens Hyph. Dhl. Ent. Z. 39, p. 16, 1925.
flavescens Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp.^ 5, p. 144, 1911.
flavescens Cl. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 102, 1911.
flavescens Eupr. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 148, 1911. *
flavescens Hyph. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 83.
flavescens Hyph. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 120, 1911.
flavescens Ocn. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 93, 1911.
flavida Diacr. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 84, 1911.
flavida Phr. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1901. p. 27. >.
flavidior Rhyp. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 87. 1911.
flavogrisea Hyp. L,eech Tr. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1899, p. 190.
flavosignata Arct. Closs Int. E. Z. 15, p. 83, 1921.
flavotergata Spil. Kard. Ent. Mitt. 17, p. 415, 1928.
fleximaculosa Spil. Kard. Ent. Mitt. 17, p. 415, 1928. *
foeminea Lith. Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 54.
formosibia Par. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 82 A 3, p. 121, 1916.
fortestrigata Cose. Schaw. Z. Oest. Ent. Ver. 14, p. 60, 1929.
frisia Spil. Muller Int. E. Z. 20, p. 149, 1926.
fuliginosa Endr. Blach. Bull. Soc. Lep. Geneve 2, p. 57, 1910.
fuliginosa Paid. Reisser Ztschr. Oest. Ent. Ver. 13, p. 27,
1928.

fulminans Or. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 61, 1927.
fumata Phil. Strd. Arch. Math. Nath. Christ. 25, p. 24.
fumidaria Cose. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 58, 1927.
fumosa Arct. Horh. Int. E. Z. 21. p. 37 1. 1928.
fumosa Arct. Sterzl Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1, p. 2, 1926.
fumosa Cel. Berger Z. Oest. Ent. Ver. 3, p. 13, 1918.
fumosa Com. Bankes Entom. 42, p. 60, 1909.
fumosa Endr. Schwing. Verh. z. b. Wien 61, p. 181, 1911.
fumosa Eupr. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 148, 1911. *
fumosa Micr. Niep. Int. E. Z. 5, p. 274, 1911.
fumosa Or. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 61, 1927.
funebrior Arct. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 329, 1919.
funebris Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *
furcata-radiata Arct. Engl. Ztschr. Oest. Ent. Ver. 11, p.93,
1926.

furcata-radiata Arct. Engl. Lep. Rundsch. 1, p. 107, 1927.
furcula Arct. Bryk Ent. Tidskr. 44, p. 116, 1923.
furcula Phr. Bryk Ent. Tidskr. 44, p. 116, 1923.
fuscocurvata Cel. Dhl. Ent. Z. 39, p. 16, 1925.

gebhardti Arct. Horh. Int. E. Z. 21, p. 371, 1928.
gelpkei Orod. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 131. 1928.
gerda Rhyp. Warn. Int. E. Z. 12, p. 81, 1918.
gibrati Lith. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 167, 1922. *
godarti Spul. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 57, 1911.
golubzovi Arct. Sorokin Rev. Russe Ent. 20, p. 147. 1926.
gradli Paras. Mayer Z. oest. Ent. Ver. 6, p. 27, 1921.
grebi Arct. Pfeiffer Ent. Z. 39, p. 51, 1924.
grisea Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1, p. 6, 1926. •
grisea Lith. Fuchs Soc. Ent. 18, p. 73, 1903.
grisea Zia Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 43b, 1914.
grisescens Rhyp. Closs Int. E. Z. 14, p. 43, 1920.
guerini Spil. Guiart Rev. Namur. 1909, p. 74.

liaroldi Cose. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 161. 1911.
haroldi Eupr. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 123, 1911. *
harterti Phr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 35, p. 229, 1929.
hartigi Spil. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 88, 1928.
hebeoides Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
henricus Ocn. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 349, 1912.
hibernica Diaph. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, 1. p. 53, 1911.
hilaris Diacr. Spul. Schmett. 2, p. 132, 1906.
hipperti Sp. Lamb. Rev. Namur. 1906, p. 22.
hirayamae Diacr. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 57, 1927. *
kolochrea Ag. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 537.

92

Index and references of original descriptions of palaearctic Arctiidae.

holsatiea Cel . Saub. Int. E. Z. 10, p. 97, 1916.
houlberti Ocn. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, 1911. *

iliensis Arct. Wgnr. Int. E. Z. 7, p. 4, 1913.
illustrate Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1. p. 62, 1927. *
immaculata Arct. Lores Soc. Ent. 19, p. 123, 1904.
immaculata Diacr. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5. p. 86, 1911.
immaculata Orod Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 77.
immaculosa Arct. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 59, 1927.
impunctata Paras. Holer Verh. z. b. Wien 73, p. 193, 1923.
incomplete Cose. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, 1, p. 158, 1911.
infantula Cel. Kitt Verh. z. b. Wien 74/75. p. 180, 1926.
infrapicta Micr. Strd, Niepeltiana, p. 6, 1914. *
infuscata Cose. Rey Berl. Ent. Z. Sitz. Ber. 16. IX. 02, 1903.
innocua Cel. Bttr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1880, p. 671.
insolata Oeon. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 315, 1929.
insularia Cl. Kozh. Jahrb. Martj. Min. 2, p. 70, 1924.
insulata Paras. Siegel Int. E. Z. 14, p. 75, 1920.
integra Orod. DM. Ent. Z. 42, p. 130, 1928.
intermedia As. Marumo J. Coll. Agr. 8, p. 138, 1923.
intermedia Arct. Rothsch. Seitz Macrolep. 10, p. 258.
interposita H. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 21, p.354, 1914.
interposita Hyph. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 76, 1927. *
interpositella Lith. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 562, 1922.
interrupta Paras. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Wien 60, p. 90, 1910.
irregularis As. Hmps. Cat, Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 754. *
isochroma Cose. Bab. Verh. z. b. Wien 72, p. 30, 1923.

jacobsi Lith. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 495. *
janeckoi Diapli. Schaiv. Verh. z. b. Wien 60, p. 93, 1910.
japonibia Cel. Strd. Lep. Cat. 24, p. 454, 1920.
japonica Met. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 82 A 3, p. 121, 1916.
japonica Phr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 116, 1901.
japonica Sp. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 131, 1910.
japonica Sp. Rothsch. Seitz Macrolep. 10.
jeliolensis Arct. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 74, 1927.
jeuneti Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 130, 1911.
jezoensis Diacr. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 57, 1927.
johanseni Hyph. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 70, 1927.
joiceyi Ocn. Talb. Bull. Hill Mus. 2, p. 32, 1928.
juncta Arct. Biez. Polsk Pismo 3, p. 75, 1923. *

kamtschadalis Arct. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 87. *
karelica Diacr. Brylc Ent. Tidskr. 44, p. 115, 1923.
karelini Ax. Men. Cat. Lep. Pet. 3, p. 160, 1863. *
karvajskyi Com. Diosz. Rov. Lap. 26, p. 22, 1923.
khumbeli Hyph. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 70, 1927. *
kindervateri Cel. Schaw. Jahresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. 17, p. 29.
kindervateri Cl. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Wien 73, p. 40, 1923.
korlana Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *
kozhantschikovi Shelj. N. Beitr. syst. Ins. k. 1, p. 104, 1918.
krejai Diacr. Closs Int. E. Z. 8, p. 37, 1914.
kroumira Phr. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 13, p. Ill, 1917. *
kruegeri Nola Trti. Z. wiss. Ins. Biol. 7, p. 212, 1911.

lactaria Nola Graes. Berl. Ent. Z. 37, p. 211, 1892.
ladakensis Or. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 116, 1927.
ladogensis Arct, Strd, Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
laemmermanni Paras. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 82, 1911.
laetifica Cose. Stdr. Boll. Soc. Adriat. 25, p. 165, 1913. *
lambillioni Paras. Der. Rev. Namur. 21, p. 39, 1921.
latefasciata Arct. Lorez Soc. Ent. 19, p. 124, 1904.
latefasciata Call. Bub. Verh. z. b. Wien 65. p. 10, 1915.
latkonialis Cel. Mill. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (2) 19. p. 62
1873. * 1

lativittata Diacr. Bryk Ent, Tidskr. 44, p. 114, 1923.
laxi Sp. Lax Ent. Z. 37, p. 46, 1924.
lederi Arct. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 74, 1927.
leinfesti Arct. Reb. Verh. z. b. Wien 72, p. 10, 1923. * .
lemniscata Hyph. Stich. Berl. E. Z. 56, p. 29, 1911.
leopardinula Diacr. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 185, 1919.
leucomelas Cose. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, 1911. *
leucostikta Cel. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Wien 6, p. 80, 1911.
linae Arct. Kraml. Jahrb. Ver. Sphinx 1912, p. 12.
lionvillei Cose. Le Cerf Enc. Ent. B. Ill, Lep. 3, p. 117, 1928.
luctuosa Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *
luctuosa Call. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 28, 1911.
lugens Cose. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *
lurida Phr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 115, 1910.
luteomarginata Oeon. Lamb. Cat. Lep. Belg., p. 370, 1906.
luteotincta Per. Schultz Ent. Z. 18, p. 124, 1905.
lutescens Call. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 17, 1911.
lutescens Eupr. Culot Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1909, p. 271.

I magnitica Arct. Kraml. Jahrb. Ent. V. Sphinx 1912, p. 12.
j magnitica Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1926, p. 6. *
magnitica Eupr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 21, p.354, 1914.
majellica Call. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 101, 1929.
J mandli Sp. Schaw. Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 7, p. 11, 1922. *

1 manissadjiani Ax. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 71, 1927.

marchica Rhyp. Closs Int. E. Z. 14, p. 43, 1920.

| margarethae Arct. Aue Ent. Z. 31, p. 73, 1917.
marginata Endr. Rocci Atti Soc. Ligust. 24, p. 194, 1914.
marginata Eupr. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 102, 1929.
marginestriata Sp. Mezger Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1927, p. 214.
marmorata Per. Schultz Ent. Z. 18, p. 124, 1905.
marsicana Cl. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 102, 1929.
marxi Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *
mediomaculata Arct. Spul. Schmett. 2, p. 135, 1906.
inediorosea Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1926, p. 6. *
melaena Arct. Biez. Polsk Pismo 3, p. 73, 1924.
melitensis Phr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 59, 1927. *
mendicana Diaph. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 200, 1919.
meridionalis Arct. Heinr. D. Ent. Z. 1923, p. 116.
mesomellula Cyb. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 759, 1922.
mesoscia Cel. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1. p. 392. *
mesotherma Roes. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 427,
1914. *

micheli Diaph. Grosse Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 12, p. 21. 1927.
millierei Ocn. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384, 1910.
minussignata Arct. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384,
1910.

mixta Arct. Schmidt. Ent. Z. 37, p. 40, 1923.
moerens Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *
morisca Ocn. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 4, p. 50, 1910. *
muecki Arct. Kraml. Ent. Rundsch. 28, p. 117, 1911.
murina Cose. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, 1911. *
mussoti Per. Oberth. Launay Hist. Miss. Thibet 1903. *
mutabilis Ocn. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 42, 1924. *
mutans Endr. Dhl. Ent. Z. 39, p. 16, 1925.
mutata Ocn. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 46, 1924. *

namurica Sp. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
liaryua Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62. 1927. *
nebulosa Diacr. Bryk Ent, Tidskr. 44, p. 115, 1923.
neptunus Or. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 61, 1927. *
nevadensis Cose. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 351, 1912.
nicaeensis Arct. Oberth, Lep. Comp. 4, 1910. *
niepeltiana Phr. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
nigerrima Eupr. Trti. Nat, Siz. 1909. *
nigra Cose. Spul. Schmett. 2, p. 493, 1913.
nigricans Arct, Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 134, 1911.
nigricans Arct. Rombg. Ent. Z. 27, p. 219, 1913.
nigrita Arct. Kraml. Jahrb. Ent. Ver. Sphinx 1912, p. 12.
nigrita Sp. Mannes Int. E. Z. 23, p. 317, 1929.
nigrociliata Arct. Hoffm. Ent. Rundsch. 29, p. 157, 1912.
nigrociliata Cose. Schaw. Z. ost. Ent. V. 14, p. 60, 1929.
nigrogrisea Lith. Peets Jahrb. nat. Ges. Hann. 55, 1908.
nigromarginis Micr. O. B.-H. Florae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *
nigropennalis Arct. Statterm. Ent, Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
nigroradiata Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *
nigrostriata Sp. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Wien 60, p. 220. 1910.
nisseni Ocn. D. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent, Fr. 1920, p. 297.
nivea Arct. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 75, 1927. *
noctis Pel. Btlr. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 8, 1884.
nogelli Ocn. Led. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 9, p. 62, 1865. *
norwegica Orod. Strd, Lep. Cat, 22, p. 292, 1919.
nox Arct. Rombg. Ent. Z. 27, p. 219, 1913.
nubila Hyph. Car. Ent. Rundsch. 39, p. 40, 1922.

oberthiiri Ocn. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 114, 1910.
obliquizonata Diacr. Miyake J. Coll. Agr. 2, p. 20S, 1910.
obliterata Endr. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 313, 1929.
obliterata Per. Shelj. Iris 40, p. 56, 1926.
obliterata Rhyp. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. 17, p. 416. 1928.
obscura Oeon. Schaw. Z. ost, Ent. Ver. 6, p. 2, 1921.
obscura Rhyp. Rehbg. Abh. Nat. V. Bremen 1880, p. 466.
obscurascens Euch. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
obscurascens Rhyp. Strd, Lep. Cat. 22, p. 214, 1919.
obscurior Arct. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384,
1910.

obscurior Euch. Oberth, Lep. Comp. 5, 1911. *
occidentalis Phr. Rothsch, Nov. Zool. 10, p. 119, 1910.
ocellata Arct. Statterm. Ent, Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
ochracea Ar. Mell D. Ent, Z. 1922, p. 126.
ochracea Ocn. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384, 1910.
ochrata Rhyp. Wgnr. Int. E. Z. 13, p. 160, 1919.
ochrivena Met. Hmps. J. Bombay Soc. 11, p. 439, 1898.

Index and references of original descriptions of palaearctic Arctiidae.

93

ochromaculata Call. Fuchs Jahrb. Nassau Ver. 53, p. 41.
okiensis Lith. Miyake Annot. Zool. Japon. 6, p. 207, 1907.
olaria Ocn. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 349, 1912.
opulenta Sp. Kard. Ent. Mitt. 17, p. 416, 1928.

pallida Hyph. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 83. *
pallida Paras. Schoenf. Int. E. Z. 19, p. 10, 1925.
pallida Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 116, 1910.
pallidula Cl. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
pallivenata Diacr. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 57, 1927.
pantherata Diaph. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Wien 68, p. 31, 1918.
paradoxa Rhyp. Phil. Int. E. Z. 16, p. 14, 1922. *
parva Gnoph. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 14, p. 117, 1924.
parvimaculata Arct. Statterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
parvisi Arct. Trti. & Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 43, p. 214, 1911.
parvula Nola Chret. Bull. S. Ent. Pr. 1913, p. 259.
patruelis Paras. Jach. Rev. Russe Ent. 12, p. 40, 1912.
paucimacula Hyph. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 113, 1928.
paucipuncta Endr. Closs Int. E. Z. 10, S. 39, 1916.
paucisignata Cose. Schaw. Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 14, p. 60, 1929.
paupera Sp. Hoffm. Int. E. Z. 5, p. 227, 1911.
peralbata Sp. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 88, 1928.
perilypa Hyph. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 14, p. 116,
1927.

perirrorata Par. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 722. *
perversa Eupr. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 102, 1929.
pezzii Diacr. Rood Atti Soc. Ligust. 24, p. 187, 1914.
pfeifferi Cose. Strd. Verh. z. b. Wien 70, p. 177. 1920.
philippsi Arct. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 76, 1927. *
philippsi Milt. C ost. Beitr. Syst. Ins. Kunde 2, p. 100, 1922.
plumbea Lith. Rebel Ann. Hofmus. Wien 25, p. 377, 1911.
pompalis Call. Nitsche Verh. z. b. Wien 74/75, p. (65), 1925.
pontica Phil. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 66. *
posteripunctata Eupr. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 102,
1929.

postmedialis Sp. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 182, 1919.
postmelauica Lith. Strd. Ent. Mitt. 6, p. 299, 1917.
postochrea Call. St dr. Soc. Ent. 40, p. 7, 1925.
poultoni Neo. Oberth. Et. Comp. 7, 1913. *
powelli Eup. Obertli. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 333.
praetexta Cel. Chret. Amat. Pap. 1, p. 199, 1923.
predotae Lith. Schaw. Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 12, p. 37, 1927.
preisseckeri Euch. Schaw. Verh. z. b. Wien 68, p. 31, 1918.
prieta Ocn. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 348, 1912.

pseudobifasciata Cose. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 100,
1929.

pseudoflavescens Euch. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
pseudokuhlweini Phil. Vorbr. B’flies of Switzerland 2, p. 207,
1914.

pseudoliturata Orod. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 130, 1928.
pseudomoerens Diacr. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
pseudozatima Cose. Krul. Rev., Russe Ent. 11, p. 445, 1911.
puengeleri Orod. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 60, 1927. *
pulchella Nola Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. 1, p. 418. *
punctata Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1926, p. 6. *
punctifera Arct. Th.-Mieg Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 54, p. 384,
1910.

pura Call. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 14, 1928.
pura Orod. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 61, 1927. *
pygmaeola Lith. Dbld. Zool. 5, p. 1914, 1847.
pyrenaica Arct. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 174, 1910.

quadrimaculata Arct. Statterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.
quasimonochromica Arct. Biez. Polsk Pismo 3, p. 73, 1924. *

radiata Arct. Gram. Int. E. Z. 10, p. 98, 1916. *

radiata Endr. Closs Int. E. Z. 10, p. 39, 1916.

ragusai Arct. Stdr. Lep. Rundschau 2, p. 114, 1928.
ramburi Ocn. Obertli. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 34, 1911.
reducta Arct. Closs Int. E. Z. 12, p. 186, 1919.

reducta Cose. Closs Int. E. Z. 10, p. 39, 1916.

rhypariella Rhyp. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
rib'bei Cose. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 71.
rica Phil. Frey Beitr. 642, 3.

rischeri Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. p. 6, 1926. *
rishiriensis Hyph. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 59, 1927. *
romeii Cose. Sag. Bulletti (2) 4, p. 195, 1924.
rondoui Lith. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 22, p. 12, 1923. *
rondoui Paras. Oberth. Bull. S. Ent. Fr. 1911, p. 311.
rosacea Hyph. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 83.
rosae Arct. Gram. Int. E. Z. 10, p. 98, 1916.
rosea Hyph. Shelj. Ent. Anz. 9, p. 424, 1929.
rosea Ocn. Mill. Ic. t. 149, f. 5, 1853. *
roseana Euch. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.

roseni Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *
rosina Cl. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 5, p. 102, 1911. *
rosina Eupr. Zerny Eos 3, p. 436, 1927. *
rothschildi Ocn. A. B.-H. Iris 26, p. 108, 1912. *
rougemonti Orod. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 60, 1927. *
rubescens Rhyp. Closs Int. E. Z. 14, p. 43, 1920.

sabulosa Diaph. Der. Lamb. 29, p. 17, 1929.
sachalinensis Kit. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 15, p. 116, 1925. *
sachalinensis Paras. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 59, 1927.
sachalinensis Pel. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 15, p. 117, 1925.
sachalinensis Per. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 84. *
sajana Arct. O. B.-H. Horae Maci'ol. 1, p. 72, 1927. *
scalena Paras. Der. Rev. Namur. 1919, p. 36.
schawerdae Diacr. Anger Ztschr. ost. Ent. Ver. 4, p. 5, 1919.
schawerdae Paras. Heinr. Int. E. Z. 11, p. 72, 1917.
schottlaenderi Arct. Strd. Int. E. Z. 6, p. 12, 1912.
schultzi Arct. Frings Soc. Ent. 14, p. 58, 1899.
secreta Or. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 76. *
selmonsi Micr. Bottch. Ent. Z. 19, p. 61, 1903. *
semialba Arct. Masl. Polsk. Pismo 3, p. 131, 1923.
seminigra Endr. Rocci Atti Soc. Ligust. 24, p. 193, 1914.
seminigra Paras. Schwing. Verh. z. b. Wien 67, p. 127, 1917.
semipunctata Endr. Rocci Atti Soc. Ligust. 24, p. 194, 1914.
semiunicolor Sp. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ges. 12, p.493, 1917.
serarum Phr. Gr. Grsh. Ann. Mus. Pet. 4, p. 463, 1899.
sericeoalba Lith. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 19, p. 221. 1912.
shakojiana Diacr. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 58, 1927. *
sibirica Euch. Kosh. Jahrb. Martj. Min. 2, p. 69, 1924.
sibirica Hyph. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 70, 1927.
signata ,Arct. Spul. Schmett. 2, p. 135, 1906.
signifera Endr. Reb. Berge-Rebel, p. 437, 1920.
similis Arct. Szulcz. Polsk Pismo 4, p. 252, 1925.
simplicior Diacr. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 19, p. 58, 1927.
simplicipennis Sp. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 181, 1919.
sojota Cl. Tschetv. Rev. Russe Ent. 1904, p. 79.
souliei Arct. Oberth. Launay Hist. Miss. Thibet 1903. *
sounkeana Diacr. Mats. Ins. Mats. 1, p. 113, 1927.
spaneyi Call. Strd. Ent. Rundschau 29, p. 64, 1912.
spitzi Cel. Schaw. Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 6, p. 2, 1921.
splendida Cose. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 100, 1929.
splendidior Call. Tams Ent. 55, p. 196, 1922.
spodeola Lith. Zerny Iris 41, p. 130, 1927.
stellata Dial. Wilem. Tr. Ent. S. Lond. 1911, p. 193.
stoetzneri Paras. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 59, 1927. *
subinfuscata Ag. Draes. Iris 40, p. 51. 1926.
subnebulosa Hyph. Dyar Ent. News Philad. 10, p. 130, 1899.
subnigra Cl. Kraml. Z. Ver. Naturbeob. 1926, p. 6. *
sulfurea Neo. Oberth. Et. Comp. 6, 1912. *
syrdarja Diacr. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416. 1919.
syriaca Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 4, 1910. *
szetschwana Scapt. Draes. Iris 40, p. 51, 1926.

thibetica Phr. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 416, 1919.
totirubra Phi-. Vorbr. B’flies of Switzerland 2, p. 646, 1914.
totonigra Hip. Richt. Int. E. Z. 10, p. 128, 1917.
tramontana Com. Dhl. Ent. Z. 42, p. 314, 1929.
transcaucasica Per. Shelj. Iris 40, p. 58, 1926.
transitoria Sp. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, t. 112, 1912.
transversa Endr. Vorbr. (aurita) Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 12,
p. 492, 1917.

transversa Endr. Vorbr. (roscida) Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 13,
p. 202, 1921. _ V-O’O)

transversata Cose. Bub. Verh. z. b. Wien 65, p. 10, 1915.
transversata Cose. Schaw. Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 14, p. 60, 1929.
triangularis Euch. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 59, 1927. *
trilinea Nola Marumo J. Coll. Agr. 8, p. 137, 1923.
trimacula pallida Arct. Engl. Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 93,
1926.

trimacula pallida Arct. Engl. Lep. Rundsch. 1, p. 107, 1927.
tripunctata Sp. Lamb. Rev. Namur. 1906, p. 18.
tristis Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 6, 1912. *
tristis Call. Sterzl Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 4, p. 12, 1919.
tschiliensis Arct. Drt. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 86. *
tsingtauana Sp. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 10, p. 123, 1910.
tutulella Nola Zerny Eos 3, p. 433, 1927. *
typhloteisa Call. Pfeiff. & Buh. Ent. Z. 34, p. 22, 1920.
tzygankovi Mim. Kozh. Jahrb. Martj. Min. 2, p. 68, 1924.

ungemachi Arct. Le Cerf Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 147, 1924.
unicolor Cose. Closs Int. E. Z. 10, p. 39, 1916.
unicolor Sp. Hornbg. Bull. S. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 71.
unicolora Lith. Guen. Ann. S. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 54.
unilinca Diacr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 17, p. 133, 1916.

94

Index and references of original descriptions of palaearctic Arctiidae.

unipuncta Phryg. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15, p. 433
1905.

unipuncta Sp. Der. Lamb. 29, p. 34, 1929.
unipunctata Sp. Slrd. Arch. Math. Nat. 25, p. 23, 1903.
unita Euch. Rost. Boll. Soc. Zool. Ital. (3) 1, p. 304, 1912.
uralensis Paras. Krul. Rev. Russ. Ent. 4, p. 30, 1904.
uralensis Rhyp. Spul. Schmett. 2, p. 131, 1906.
ussuriensis Milt. O B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 115, 1927.
ussuricnsis Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol 1, p. 62. 1927.
ustula Sp. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 1892, p. 18.

validus Micr. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 62, 1927. *
venosa Diaph. Adkin Ent. Rec. 34, p. 117, 1922.
victori Micr. Buhl. Iris 39, p. 208, 1925.
viertli Arct. Skala Faun. Mahr., p. 86, 1912.
villicella Arct. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 347, 1919.
villicula Arct. Strd. Lep. Cat. 22, p. 347, 1919.

I virginalis Arct. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 11, 1916. *

| virginea Milt. Detail. Bull. S. Ent. Fr. 1896, p. 156.

vittata Euch. Niep. Int. E. Z. 18, p. 189, 1924.

[ vittata Arct. Engl. Ztschr. ost. Ent. Ver. 1926, p. 93.
| vittata Arct. Engl. Lep. Rundsch. 1, p. 107, 1927.

vittata Arct. Spul. Schmett. 2, p. 135, 1906.

I vitellides Lith. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 898, 1922.
vulpinaria Diacr. L. Syst. Nat. 1, p. 520, 1758.

wagneri Arct. Piing. Z. ost. Ent. Ver. 3, p. 46, 1918.
ivardi Arct. Matthew Entomologist 47. p. 114, 1914.
wassi Arct. Aign. Ent. Z. 19, p. 209, 1905.

yatungiae Psil. Strd. Lep. Cat. 26, p. 846, 1922.
ypsilon Arct. Stdtterm. Ent. Anz. 4, p. 70, 1924.

zimnyi Arct. Szulcz. Polsk Pismo 4, p. 252, 1925.

LYMANTRIIDAE ; DASYCHIRA. By M. Gaede.

95

5. Family: Lymantriidae.

3. Genus: Dasycliira Steph.

D. albodentata Brem. This species dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 112 (19 g) is only illustrated there in its form albodentaia.
olga Oberth. We are now illustrating a typical $ (8 c) according to which the differences between the forms
are only very slight.

D.fascelina L. (Vol. 2, p. 112, pi. 19 f). From larvae from Hanover bred on heather pale specimens
were obtained with clear black markings : callunae Peets. — helgolandiae Strd, would appear to be very similar, callunae.
The $ is very small (38 mm). Markings on upper and undersides deeply black, clearly outstanding on pale he ^ncdae.
ground. Heligoland and Norway. If both forms are identical, which is quite likely, helgolandiae has priority
of name. — caucasica Shelj. is larger 45 mm) than german specimens (36—40 mm). Forewings are paler caucasica.
on upperside and black markings only faintly indicated. On the other hand the otherwise faint white sub¬
marginal line is very distinct in this form. The rusty patches do not vary. Hindwings white with blackish
discoidal spot; the space between same and base has grey hairs. There is also an inwardly diffuse submarginal
line. Fringes of forewings grey, of hindwings white. N. Caucasus. — alpina Kitt is not paler than the other new alpina.
forms, but body and forewings are a purer dark grey without brownish admixture of typical fascelina. Also the
dark grey hindwing differs from that of fascelina. Markings of forewings are clearer than normal. From the
Oetz valley. — In nigrotecta Dhl. forewings are quite black, hindwings grey-black with cell spot indicated, nigroteda
Fringes somewhat paler. — The form nivalis Stgr. dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 112 but not illustrated there and nivalis.
which is widely helddo be a genuine species, is being illustrated (8 a) in this supplementary Volume. The spec¬
imen is from Isfahan in the northern Alai, captured in August.

B. grundi Lorkovitsch (8 c). This species has only recently been discovered among the similar pudibunda L. grundi.
(Vol. 2, p. 113, pi. 19 d). Only Croatia is indicated as locality, but now that attention has been drawn to same,
it may be discovered elsewhere. There is no specimen of this species in the comprehensive Pungeler Collection.

The S is much less brightly marked than pudibunda <$. Wing contour is more elongated. The inner edge of the
central area bends slightly outwards at inner margin, similarly the outer edge between veins 4 and 5. The latter
appears to be displaced further outwards, so that the central area in relationship to the marginal area appears
as wide as in pudibunda The reniform stigma and 2 lunae in marginal area are distinct, all the other numerous
markings of pudibunda <$ are absent. On underside of hindwing of pudibunda, the black band is double, con¬
verging upwards, whilst here it is single and very wide anteriorly. In the type the veins stand out prominently
and are black. The illustration is from a cotvpe from Vienna, which has very kindly been placed at my disposal.

D. conjuncta Wil. (8 c). <§ forewings grey, dusted more darkly at base and outer margin. The inner and conjunda.
outer lines are blackish. The former is angulated below costa, then obliquely inwards, the latter is heavily
curved and conjoined with the inner line by a streak below vein 2. From there it curves outwards almost to
the anal angle. Marginal line is black and undulate, projecting inwards on vein 2. Besides this a white dentate
submarginal line is indicated. Hindwings dark brown with black central lunule and marginal line. Fringes of
both wings grey with darker patches. 42 mm. Japan.

D. aurifera Scriba (8 a). Forewings glossy silvery grey with darker dusting. A lunule with dark edge at aurifera.
disco-cellular. The 3 transverse lines irregular and dentate, the subbasal and inner one indistinct, the outer
one clear and prominent. The undulate submarginal line most distinct in centre. Fringes white with dark
patches between the veins. Hindwings golden yellow, lunule bent in middle. Fringes as on forewings. 68 mm.

The $ has apparently not yet been described but is said to have paler ground colour on forewings and to be
smaller. 50 mm. Tokio. The illustrations have been made from the types.

96

DASYCHIRA. By M. Gaede.

i coreana. D. coreana Mats. Somewhat similar to pseudabietis Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 113, pi. 19 h). Forewings grey

with a slight suffusion of olive, basal 3rd brownish. The subbasal and inner lines are double and black. Above
the median nervure the latter is sharply angulated and has a white outer edge at costa. A lunule with black
outline on black disco-cellular. The outer line is fainter, parallel to outer margin, being only curved below
median nervure and forming a point below submedian nervure. The black submarginal line is interrupted.
Inside of same there is a white subterminal line touching a few brown spots between veins 2 and 4. Hindwings
grey with lunule and a straight dark outer line. 40 mm. Corea.

^ hvra' D. hirayamae Mats. Similar to horsfieldi Sound. (Vol. 10, p. 292, pi. 38 c). Forewings dark grey.

yamn ' whitish at base to the indistinct inner line. The central line is double, its inner branch almost straight, the
outer one heavily dentate, somewhat more widely separated from one another at inner margin. Lumde spot
with black edge, sharply angulate and filled with white anteriorly and with pale edge towards base. Outer line
very dentate. Between same and the somewhat interrupted submarginal line there is an indication of a further
line, which has a white outward edge at inner margin. Hindwings yellow-brown. Discoidal spot and wide
submarginal band diffusedly dark brown. £ 48 mm. Tokio.
suzukii. B. suzukii Mats. Very similar to the previous species, but more compactly built and darker grey.

Only paler at base and just after the outer line. From the rather primitive illustration it seems to me to have
a closer resemblance to coreana. Basal line at inner margin of forewings like the latter, closely approaching
to the inner line. The double inner line not so heavily angulated as in coreana. The outer line single and heavily
dentate, outwardly with white lunules and beyond same narrowly darker and the rest of wing paler. A sub¬
marginal row of spots is indicated. Hindwings yellow-brown with dark lunule and straight wide submarginal
band. Veins darkened in outer 3rd of wings. $ 45 mm. Kyoto.

D. modesta Ivy. ( Vol. 2, p. 114, pi. 22 a). Among this species one frequently finds in the Ussuri territory
immunda. the form immunda Kurd. £ (8 c). Forewings in same are impure brownish grey with indistinct central band.

. eff£- Basal and marginal areas are darker. Hindwings monotonous brown. — $ form effeminata Kard. (8 c) has
mnmta. forewings as pale an ashy grey as in normal Scarcely a trace of dark central band. About 3 mm from outer
margin there are 3 black spots. On hindwings the inner %rds are pale grey-brown, the rest is darker.

lunulata.

trimacula.

rossii.

relictus.

rjroen-

landica.

Icnebrosa.

D. lunulata Btlr. As doubts have been raised regarding the differences between acronycta (Vol. 2, p. 114,
pi. 19 e) and the typical lunulata , we are giving an illustration of a (8 a) of the latter.

D. virginea Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 114, pi. 19 f) is now also known to occur in Japan. — The same applies
to the indian species nigra Hmps. (Vol. 10, p. 294, pi. 38 e) and strigata Moore (Vol. 10, p. 295, pi. 47 a).

D. trimacula Scriba (8 a, b) appears to vary somewhat by the greenish grey forewings. At disco-
cellular there is a large crescent shaped mark with dark edge. The outer line is semi-circular from costa to
median nervure with 2 large dentations outwards. In marginal area a distinct submarginal line with sharply
pointed dentations. Hindwings ochreous yellow with a large dark discoidal spot and 3 large spots as marginal
hand. Thorax and body are greenish brown. $ 55 mm. Besides we are illustrating the which has hitherto not
been described. Tokio. Ihe illustrations are from the types from the Seitz Collection in the Sexckenberg
Museum at Frankfurt a. M.

B. rossii Curtis. I his species was hitherto only known from Labrador and was therefore dealt with in
Yol. 6, p. 537 and on plate 72 a. As there is a specimen in the Pungeler Collection labelled “Kossogol Lake,
Mongolia, 1910 , the species must be mentioned here. The outer line on forewings terminates more vertically
at inner margin than is shown on the illustration on the left on pi. 72 a. On the right the termination should"
be more oblique outwardly and similarly in specimens from Labrador. — relictus O. B.-H. is also more faintly
marked on forewings than specimens from Labrador and is thus like the mongolian specimen. The latter and
also specimens from Labrador have a yellow-grey basal area which contrasts with the marginal area. In relicta
however the basal area is grey, transparent, the margin dark grey, so that the contrast is less pronounced.
Konokarcha daisetsurana Mats. (Lasciocampidae) is the same.

B. groenlandica Horn. (8 c) from Greenland, which as yet is still taken to belong to the palaearctic fauna,
is alieady dealt with in Y ol. 6, p. 537 and placed in the Genus Byrdia. As there was no illustration, we are
giving same here. In accordance with its polar origin the species is not very striking.

B. tesiebrosa Wkr. I have a number of specimens of this species from the British Museum. It was
already dealt with in Col. 2, p. 116, pi. 22 c. The species appears to be very variable. In one red-brown specimen
fiom Ta-tsien-lu the central area is distinctly paler; in another specimen from the same locality the ground
colour is inclined to-be olive-brown, the outer line edged with white on both sides in its anterior portion. One
specimen each from East 1 hibet and Sikkim are very dark, only the outer line is still discernible and the heavy
black cuneiform marks at subterminal line. A specimen from Arizan (Formosa) is even darker still.

. semC ^ semicirculosa sp. n. is close to magnolia Swh. (Vol. 10, p. 294, pi. 38 c) and is just as dark as same.

The somewhat dentate inner line extends almost vertically. The outer line is fine and clearly marked. It extends
vertically from costa to cell and to inner margin, where it is sharply and widely angulated, from lower angle

of cell approximately parallel to outer margin and dentate to inner margin. It is edged with white scales on
both sides.

Publ. 25. I. 1932.

HYPOGYMNA; ORGYIA. By M. Gaede.

97

The pale subterminal line is whitish anteriorly, behind the point of the outer line it forms a semicircle, then
vertically to median nervure, there almost horizontally inwards and then again straight down to the innei
margin. Hindwing paler reddish brown with discoidal spot and 2 outer dark lines. 35 mm. I a-tsien-lu.
Type in the British Museum.

4. Genus: Hypogymna Hbn.

H. morio L. (Vol. 2, p. 116, pi. 19 a). According to Staitder the form natlyi Aign. mentioned in Vol. 2,

occurs in arid localities. Specimens from moist meadows are usually glossy black. In Weis Stauder found

30% of the SS with falcate outer margin to fore wings, in the $ the hindwings can be undeveloped and deformed,

this form is named falcata Std. — The other new names given by the same author refer to colour variations falcaia.

such as can always be obtained by breeding en masse, but which do not occur in nature. — eburnina Std. $ eburnina.

has an ivory coloured streak, which many specimens show in the middle cell of forewings, extended almost over

the entire forewing, sometimes even it is continued on the hindwing. — In normal the fringes of forewings

are blackish brown, in illustreciliata Std. they are buff to golden. — When the fringes also of hindwing are like lll“'reclUata

this and costa and inner margin are yellow, similar to Org. aurolimbata, the form is named omninolimbata Std omnino -

A colour variation that can occur in all dimorphous species, viz: a ^ in the colouration of the $ is named limbaia.

femiraicolorata Sdt. It is completely yellow brown like the ^ and is naturally very rare. The reverse foim, viz. femini-

the $ with the almost black normal G colouration is named defuncts Std. and is also very rare. An extieme ^unc^a_

form of illustreciliata, which however is only known in the § and in which all the wings are glossy golden

vellow is named aureomicans Std. These seem almost too many denominations for such an insignificant species, aureo-

mxcans.

5. Genus: Orgyia 0.

0. gonostigma F. (Yol. 2, p. 117, pi. 19 a), flavescens Masl. denominates the rare $ with yellowish white flavescens.
in place of the normal dark brown hairs. It is only obtained by breeding and may therefore be a pathological form.

0. antiqua L. (Vol. 2, p. 117, pi. 19 a). The form grisea Denso (8 d) has been observed to occur for a time grisea.
around Dresden. The antennae of the A are somewhat larger and with longer pectinations than customary
in antiqua. Also the grey colouration produces a similarity with the north american (. Hemerocampa ) leucostigma
(Vol. 6, p. 537, pi. 72 a) which also has the faintly developed spot at anal angle of forewings. But markings are
identical with those of antiqua, only the brown patches are replaced by paler or darker grey. Also on underside
all the brown is replaced by grey. — We are illustrating (8 c) a specimen of zimmermanni Grass., from E. Thibet
in the collection of OhERTHUR. This species was dealt with in Vol. 2. Our illustration shows fringes of forewings
with pale spots, which should not be so according to the description. The pale spot at anal angle is missing.

It may be considered a transition form. Two pairings from captured $ with the $ of thyellina did not produce
the same results. In anthyellina John the $ is much more like thyellina, but the bluish submarginal spots are ant-
absent as well as the bluish sheen to forewings. A similar hybrid was subsequently named winter steini Wohnig. ye "HL
The <$ of this experiment is halfway between the parent forms. From this description one can suppose that the
form differs from anthyellina, but all other particulars are missing. Both authors state in regard to the $ that
it is larger than the parent forms. — leucasitiqua Klemann is a hybrid of the american leucostigma with antiqua $. leuc-
The S is of the same size as the parent forms, the ground colour is paler or darker brown and the area between
the bands is paler towards costa, sometimes even being whitish. The outer margin is often very dark, the usual
white spot there very distinct, but smaller than in antiqua. The $ has a dark central dorsal line.

0. immaculata sp. n. (8 d). Probably closely allied to antiqua.' Hindwings somewhat darker than immacu-
forewings, which are only so pale in the specimen illustrated, the other 2 are darker and therefore the lines aie
somewhat less pronounced. In the latter the inner and outer lines are about as curved as in antiqua and the
outer one has a third parallel line a small way off. The small dark reniform stigma with pale centre. In a very
dark specimen it has a pale halo. A white anal spot is absent. $ 26 — 28 mm. Chefoo. Type in the Berlin Museum.

0. trigotephras Bsd. (Vol. 2, p. 117, 19 b). A hybrid of the race Corsica $ with trigotephras $ produced
specimens that had a greater resemblance to trigotephras and were somewhat larger than same. The dark brown
ground colour is a little paler, due to inherited characteristics from Corsica. The transverse bands are somewhat
more distinct, like in Corsica. One can say that the hybrid gadollae Wgn. is a larger pale, more clearly marked gadollac.
trigotephras . The $ shows no special characteristics. — dilutior Bub. is a paler form of Corsica Bsd. or ramburi dilutior.
Mob., which the author deems to be different. It is like the ericae var. intermedia Friv. (Vol. 2, p. 118). The
inner marginal spot on forewings is distinct and an obsolescent reniform stigma with dark outline is apparent,
costa almost devoid of markings, size normal. It occurs chiefly at lower altitudes up to 700 m, at greater

Supplementary Volume 2 ^

98

ORGYTA. Von M. Gaede.

calabra. heights the specimens are darker (= Corsica). From Corsica. — The race of calabra Std. is described from the
Aspromonte region at an altitude of 800 — 1100 m. It is closely allied to etrusca Vrty. (Vol. 2, pi. 22 b) but is
smaller and more monotonous in colour. Hindwings much darker than in etrusca and sicula Stgr. Generally
fore and hindwings are uniform dark brown on upper and undersides. On forewings the customary light spot
near anal angle is scarcely discernible. The $ sparsely haired with silky grey and with brown head. The
specimens from Calabria mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 118 are jirobably from lower altitudes and not identical with
calabra. According to Strand and Turati they are the same as sicula Stgr. and this is probably right. —
holli. liolli Oberth. (8 d) is a striking insect according to the original illustration. The lunule that is generally more or
less distinct on forewings is replaced by a pale intersected ring, to which a white spot is attached anteriorly.
The anal spot is clear and the transverse lines very distinct. Hindwings somewhat more reddish than forewings.
seb- El Biar (Algeria). — sebdouensis Oberth. (8 d) according to the illustrations varies more. In some specimens
douensis. forew[ngS are unicoloured, only the inner and outer lines being dark and prominent. The discoidal lunule and
anal spot are absent. The latter can however be present and then the outer line beyond the cell is not so
excurved but more or less parallel with the inner one. Sebdou.

nupera. 0. nupera Trti. (8 b). This new species is in size and colour halfway between ericae Germ, and rupestris

Rmb. All wings grey-brown. Fore wings finely dusted with white especially in centre of costa and before apex.
The spot near the anal angle is yellowish, an inner and outer line are indicated. The latter is double, excurved
behind the cell and at inner margin. A brown streak at cell end. Fringes of both wings the same colour. The
specimens illustrated were very kindly placed at my disposal by Count Turati. <$ 22 — 25 mm. $ wingless,
silky white. Gran Sasso. Larvae similar to those of Corsica, feeding on low plants.

arcerii. O. dubia Tausch. (Vol. 2, p. 119, pi. 19 c). There are 2 new subforms to the group of dubia : arcerii Rag.

As large as splendida Rmb. but otherwise not differing from dubia, except that 2 black costal marks are said
to be missing. No particulars are given of the black discoidal spot and yellow submarginal line. On hindwings
the marginal band is narrower and the discoidal spot often separated from it. Trapani. This locality is the
orana. chief characteristic of the race. — orana Powell (8 d) has a nice ochreous yellow ground colour, somewhat darker
than in turcica Led. and isolatella Strd. (Vol. 2, pi. 19 c). On forewings the black discoidal spot is always isolated,
at inner margin the 2 transverse lines can remain separated. The yellow wavy line between the 2 black marginal
areas is always continuous, i. e. not diffuse or interrupted in centre. On account of its smallness it is placed
with dubia : splendida is generally larger and according to Powell it is a separate species. — The following
deserticola. subforms are placed with the group of splendida : deserticola Powell (8 d) with costa as pale as in normal dubia,
aurea. but for a desert insect it is relatively large and therefore classified to splendida. Algeria. — aurea Oberth. (8 d)
is of the same ground colour as orana and is placed in this group on account of its size. The black discoidal
spot on forewings is widely isolated. Transverse bands as in orana. The pale margin is characteristic. The pale
zigzag line extends along the veins to outer margin, so that occasionally only widely separated small black
spots are left there. The zigzag line itself varies in width. Central Atlas. — In Spain one finds specimens that
are scarcely yellow on forewings. At base only small yellowish specks, central band is narrow and the yellow
mancha. patches near outer margin are reduced: niancha Rbb. — medionigra Rbb. has still less yellow. On forewings only
medionigra. (pscaj area is yellow, at base and outer margin the yellow patches are duskily obscured. At base of hindwings
prieta. in front of the outer margin there is a further dark line and the entire hindwing is dusky. — prieta Rbb. is the
most extreme form. Fore wings have scarcely any yellow, only the central band reflects faintly through. Hind¬
wings dusted with blackish. Only the outher margin of both wings is distinctly yellow.

O. thyellina Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 120, pi. 22 b and 19 c). In a breeding experiment $$ among the 2nd brood
were obtained with wings as well developed as those of the 1st generation. Some had however only obsolescent
indications of the customary markings at outer margin. The remainder of forewing is pale yellow, hindwings
flavescens. almost white. Such specimens are named flavescens Wohnig. — In the 3rd generation on the other hand some
of the <$<$ varied. Markings of forewings are obsolete, the blue spots before the white lunules at outer margin
grisea. are absent, all brown markings are more or less grey, hence the name grisea Wohnig.

O. panlacroixi Oberth. The author of this species complains about the illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 19 b.
But when compared with Oberthur’s second, more modern and better illustration, there is little that can be
improved and in such a poorly marked species this is nothing remarkable.

parallela. 0. parallela sp. n. (8 e). Body and hindwings brown-black somewhat like the illustration of ericae Germ.

in Vol. 2, pi. 19 b. Fringes of hindwings and the entire forewing somewhat paler than in the illustration. Both
lines approximately parallel, the inner one curved in the cell and then running straight obliquely inwards, the
outer one as in panlacroixi Oberth. (Vol. 2, pi. 19 b). There is no shadowy line in marginal area. Costa is slightly
pale grey in centre, the white anal spot is present. On underside hindwing is only slightly darker than forewing.
B 32 mm. Ta-tsien-lu. Type in the British Museum.

DASORGYIA; AROA; CI.FUNA; ARCTORNIS; STILPNOTIA. By M. Gaede.

99

6. Genus: I>asorgyia Stgr.

In Vol. 2, p. 120 it was stated that the species were unknown to the author and no reliable descrip¬
tion had been published. From the illustrations on pi. 22 b one can see that there is not the least similarity
with Dasychira. On the other hand Org. dubia is fairly similar and remotely like it is also Lachana ladakenssi
Moore (pi. 19 a) from Ladak and Kashmir. With the latter the slender long-haired body and the short palpi
correspond. The antennae on the other hand are very long and with much shorter pectinations than
in Dasychira. There appears to be only one pair of spurs at extremity of the weak and long-haired hind
tibiae. On forewings veins 2 and 3 are widely separate, 4 -j- 5 with short stalks, 6 from somewhat below
angle of cell, 7 and 8+9 somewhat separate from the apex of the accessory cell, 10 from %rds of its
costal wall. On hindwings vein 2 arises very far back, 3 and 4 from the same point, 5 somewhat above
same, 6+7 with short stalks, 8 at +3rd of length of cell conjoined with same by a bar.

7. Genus: Aroa Wkr.

A. postfusca sp. n. (8 d). Forewings somewhat similar to substrigosa Wkr. dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 121, yostjusca.
pi. 19 h, but slightly darker. Hindwings black-brown over their entire surface, not only at margin as in pyr-
rhochroma Wkr. (Vol. 2, pi. 19 i), however excepting the fringes, which are approximately as forewings. Under¬
side of the same colour with dark shades only in apical area and at margin of forewings. Antennae and ab¬
domen black-brown, thorax as fore wings, 8 32 mm. Yunnansen, 2150 m. Type in the British Museum.

8. Genus: Cifima Wkr.

C. locuples Wkr. In Vol. 2 the form illustrated was the one that is chiefly distributed in India and
which only reaches palaeartic territory in Central China ; we are now illustrating the more northerly form
confusa Brem. (8 b) according to a J from Mandchuria and a $ from the Amur. confusa.

10. Genus: Arctornis Germ.

A. l-nigrum Mull. (Vol. 2, p. 123, pi. 20 a). In costa-nigra Lamb, costa and outermargin of forewings costa-
especially at apex are dusted with black. This is said to be “a very nice aberration ’ occurring in both sexes.

The 2nd" generation in the Tyrol is named pusillata Dhl, it is somewhat smaller. There are no other dif- yusillata.
ferences and the chiefly remarkable feature, viz : that there is a 2nd generation to this otherwise single-brood¬
ed insect, is not discernible from the name. — In evanescens Schultz the “L” is entirely absent.

evanescens.

A. alba Brem'. (Vol. 2, p. 123, pi. 22 c). A rare form of this species has an ochreous brown streak at
discocellular nervure of forewings, which however is not very pronounced. According to the original desciipt-
ion however this is the typical form. Generally there ist a black spot there and this has given occasion
to create the name nigripunctata Warn. (Vol. 2, pi. 22 e as “alba”).

nigri¬

punctata.

11. Genus: f^tllpiiotisi Ww. & Humphr.

S. j lav o sulphur ea Stgr. — In Vol. 2 (pi. 22 d) there was only an illustration of the form cretacea Stgi ■

We are now illustrating the typical form from the Alai (8 k).

S. chichibensis Mats. Forewings silky white with rose sheen in certain light. A cell spot is absent, costa chichi-
brownish at apex, fringes white. Antennae white with brown pectinations. Head and base of antennae yell¬
ow. Otherwise completely white. 32 mm. Honsho.

S. suigensis Mats. Similar to the previous species, but palpi and vertex orange yellow, lore and suigensis.
middle tarsi with orange rings. Fore tibiae with the same colour on inside. The spurs of tibiae however
without the black tips as in chichibensis. 30 — 32 mm. Corea.

8. salicis L. (Vol. 2, p. 123, pi. 20 a). neumanni Banderm. has been repeatedly captured near Halle neumanni.
and it corresponds to E. chrysorrlioae. ab. nigrosignata Banderm. On forewings there is a whole row of black
spots (about 7 in number) of 1 mm width near the outer margin. On hindwings there is only single spot near
the apex.

S. doii Mats. Fore wings pale lemon yellow with silky gloss. Costa and outer margin slightly darker, doii.
Hindwings white, silky and devoid of markings. $ 48 mm. Hokkaido.

S. surtur O. B.-H. is somewhat similar to sartus Ersch. (Vol. 2, p. 124, pi. 21 d) but differs by the surtur.
uniform dark colour on upper and undersides, similar to Ocn. detrita (Vol. 2, pi. 21 c). Forewings somewhat
wider, antennae more boldly pectinated than in sartus. $ 39 mm. Juldus.

100

PANTAN A; LYMANTRIA. By M. Gaede.

14. Genus: Pantana Wkr.

P. pluto Leech. Of this species that was dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 125 we are now giving an illustration
(8 d). This specimen is from Siao-lu. A somewhat smaller (26 mm instead of 33 mm) and rather paler $
from Tien-tsuen probably also belongs here.

18. Genus: Xjymaiitria Hbn.

L. dispar L. (Vol. 2, p. 127, pi. 20 d)-. Normal specimens from Andalusia look very different from
those from Germany, but Ribbe has not been able to decide from the descriptions available whether
they should be designated as bordigalensis Mab. or disparina Muller. I consider the latter to be the
fragnarius. more probable and in any case we are illustrating a (8 e). Among these there are single specimens fraguarius
Pbb. (8 e) in the following form : In the d the inner line of forewings has a paler grey inner edge and the
outer i/3rd of wing is paler grey with faint darker lines. The central area is darker with sharply outlined
lines. Hindwings not so dark. Generally the $ resembles the $ by its pale ground colour. The $ is white.
A black central band on fore wings which occasionally covers the entire central area. The black discoidal
spot therein has a white areola. Besides this an inner and outer line are generally only indicated at costa.
The specimens are much smaller than those from Germany. The wool at tip of abdomen of $ is yellowish.
fasciata. not black-brown as in typical dispar. — fasciata Lamb, has 3 pale grey bands on forewings which are
clearly outlined by the normal black lines. Of these 3 bands the 1st is near to base, the 2nd in centre
and the 3rd and largest at margin. It is subdivided there by the normal black line. “A very remarkable
brunnea. aberration ’. — brunnea P. Schulze. Fore wings of $ dark brown with paler brown patches. Hindwings a nice
brown. Fringes, especially of hindwings, are not paler than ground colour. Underside is cinnamon brown. - —
albescens, albescens Mats, is found among japonica Motsch. (Vol. 2, pi. 20), the japanese race. Forewings of $ grey
white, dark brown at apex and outer margin. Inner and outer lines only distinctly marked at costa. Hind¬
wings white, dark brown at costa and apex. Submarginal line of the same colour is interrupted near inner
margin. This is probably a transition form to the continental forms praeterea and examinaia (8 f). — Among
the hybrids of dispar and japonica one finds specimens in which the forewing of $ is sooty black, even
the subterminal line is scarcely discernible. Also hindwings are pure black, and antennae and body are the
same. The $ thereto is paler. Normal markings are indicated on forewings. Hindwings are black to
the middle. The black marginal sjDots have grey-white edges and the dark marginal band that is usually
eremita. present, is absent. Body impure grey, anal wool is coppery brown: eremita Banderm. (8 e). — A form that
hardly belongs to eremita, but a normal ^ of a hybrid dispar X japonica race produced with a dispar $,
a form of which the $ was purer yellow than the hybrid A- Also the $ is remarkable by its yellow
flava. tone. Generally the hindwing is like dispar. It is named flava Banderm. (8f). The reciprocal crossing pro-
alba. duced eremita. — alba Std. is the race from Istria. It is smaller in $ sex and purer white. Band markings
on both wings are much reduced or absent. In extreme forms the discoidal spot and marginal dots can
be absent. It appears to be only an extreme form of the andalusian fraguarius. There is no description of

asiatica. the <£. — asiatica Wnulc. (8 e, f) is the asiatic race and of course larger than the european, especially the

?■ The <$ is paler grey-brown, forewings with scant black-brown markings. In the $ the ground colour is
yellowish, markings of forewings much reduced, cpiite absent on hindwings. On forewings only a few spots
in cell, on the upper veins and occasionally on the marginal veins. On hindwings marginal spots may be
absent. Southern central and eastern Siberia. We are illustrating here a pair ex the Puxgeler Collection,
which are not large, but nevertheless perhaps belong to asiatica. The larvae fed on Pinus larix. Also spe¬
cimens from Mo-sy-mien in the British Museum correspond well with our illustration of asiatica. — In

obsoleta. single <$ of asiatica the marginal band on hindwings is absent, these are named obsoleta Wnuk. — A still

unicolor, more extreme form is unicolor $ Wnuk. in which also on forewings the black-brown markings are missing.
ochracea. ■ — ochracea Wnuk. has ochreous brown ground colour and can occur in the obsoleta and unicolor forms.

Fortunately the 9 is n°t favoured with these names. To what degree asiatica and its subforms differ from
the following, it is difficult to ascertain until more material is available. In view of the general variability,
praeterea. the differences will not be material. — praeterea Kard. ( 8 f ) is in point of size between the european and
japanese. rl he <$ has pale brown forewings, base and marginal area darker. Inner and outer lines delicate
but distinct. A dark spot in cell, at end of same an angular streak, a spot at base. Hindwings dun. The
is more yellow than in Europe, but paler than in Japan. Markings are very scant or absent. Fringes of
forewings with black spots, hindwings almost devoid of spots. 45 — 48 mm, $ 70 — 77 mm. Ussuri. — Among

examinaia. this race there are occasionally pale $ : examinata Kard. (8 f), without transverse line and with a dot and
comma mark in cell, base only faintly adumbrated. Therefore a form like the §. It is however not ex¬
cluded that these specimens are worn and that this has brought about the faintness of the markings.

iransiens. L. monacha L. (Vol. 2, p. 128, pi. 20 g). In transiens Lamb, the forewings of $ are black with a cen¬

tral row of 7 — 8 white dots. Hindwings suffused with black. Head is white, tegulae red, patagia black
with white edge. Abdomen white with black rings. The $ has also base of forewings white and at margin

LYMANTRIA. By M. Gaede.

101

a band of white streaks and is thus slightly less dark than the <$. Perhaps this is the first sign of mela-
nic forms developing in Belgium’s industrial areas. — fasciata Hannem. has a wide dark central band on fasciala.
forewings, in which is situate a white ring with black central spot. — A few names have been given from
Russia. — gracilis Krul. $ has a completely white upper forewing with wide black margin. This form is gracilis.
rare and the S thereto is unknown. East Russia. — flaviventer Krul. has, as the name indicates, the abdomen flaviventer.
with yellow underside instead of rose. - kusnezoWi Koloss. $ has wings of yellowish white colouration. Trans- kusnezowi.
verse ' lines are not present or perhaps they are only faded, as the specimen seems to be a worn one. Urals.

— brunnea Stipan. denotes a $ that is grey-ochreous brown wings and body with diffuse markings some- brunnea.
what like eremita.

L. aboleta Stgr. As the specimen illustrated in Vol. 2, pi. 21 a was poorly marked, we are giving here
(8 b as obsoleta) an illustration of a well marked pair.

L. atlantica Rmb. (Vol. 2, p. 129, pi. 20 g). maura Oberth. is a small melanic form. On forewings in- maura.
ner and outer lines scarcely contrast with the dark ground. Hindwings of A uniformly dark, slightly paler
than forewings, the abdomen which is usually red is dusky. Sebdou (Algeria).

L. mus Oberth. (8 g) is like atlantica in the arrangement of its lines, but much smaller with grey-yellow onus.
ground colour. Erom outer line there is a streak to lunule at disco-cellular nervure. In the lunule a black
streak. Hindwings somewhat paler, an outer band is indicated. El-Utaja (Algeria).

L. kruegeri Trti. (8 f) is similar to atlantica and lapidicola H.-Schdff. but somewhat more compactly kruegeri.
built. Pectinations of antennae of are longer than in atlantica and shorter than in lapiclicola. Fore wings rosy
brownish with 3 transverse lines. The inner one is closer to base in kruegeri than in atlantica ; the middle
one is wider and more diffuse. The outer one is more oblique inwards at inner margin in atlantica. The small
black radial basal streak of atlantica, is absent here. Hindwings somewhat rosy brownish with wide dark marg¬
inal band similar to lapidicola. The $ has hindwings uniformly dark and is also somewhat darker on fore-
wings, markings more diffuse than in $. Abdomen is rose coloured on upperside, somewhat darker at tip
without dark rings. $ 32 — 37 mm, $ 40 mm. Gennargentu (Sardinia). Perhaps kruegeri is only a form of
lapidicola (Vol. 2, pi. 23 e). _

L. militaris Oberth. ^ somewhat larger than atlantica. Forewings buff without transverse lines. A black militaris.
radial streak extends from base under the cell ; above it there is a black spot. At disco-cellular there is a
“V” shaped black angular streak with a ray extending right into the middle cell, so that a “Y” is formed.

Behind same there is a heavily dentate black double submarginal line and black marginal streaks. Hindwings
coloured like forewings without discoidal spot or band. Colomb-Bechar (Algeria).

L. oberthuri Luc. (Vol. 2, p. 130). The A of the form belvalettei Dum. from the Sahara differs from belvalettei.
typical from Nefta by its greater size (33 instead of 30 mm). Ground colour of forewings is reddish ochreous,
not grey-white. Surface of wings is bestrewn with white above the inner margin and marked by a fine black
network. There are black scales above and below the lower wall of cell and similarly in the outer inter¬
stices of the veins. The reddish fringes are spotted with black. On hindwings the dark marginal band is
more extensive and diffuse. The $ varies considerably, both from its as also from the typical $. It is
smaller (28 — 30 mm instead of 40 mm). Forewing is narrower, ground colour ochreous with indications of
black transverse lines and besides there is a black streak below the cell, the clarity of the markings varies
in the single specimens. Between the ochre-red veins there are many black and a few white scales. Hind¬
wings ochre-brown with indications of dark marginal band. — The colour of the larvae that grow to 35 to
45 mm length, varies from pale grey to ochreous. It has white and brown longitudinal lines with 8 tufts
of hair on each segment. It feeds on Calligonum comosum and hibernates.

L. sakaguchii Mats. Grey-white with black-brown lines on forewings. Near base there are 2 black dots, sakaguchii.
The inner line is situate almost in centre of wing, it is incurved in cell and at submedian fold and excurved
on median nervure. Outer line double, heavily dentate with a bold curve inwards above vein 5. I ringes
checked with black. Hindwings similarly coloured, widely black-brown on costa to vein 6. A 30 — 60 ( ?) mm.

Okinawa, may still be found on palaearctic territory.

L. nigriplagiata sp. n. (8 f, g). Perhaps related to moesta Swh. (Vol. 2, p. 131). Thorax grey-white, nigri-
Forewings buff. The inner line only apparent below the cell, widely white and very oblique. Behind same
below the base of vein 2 a black spot. Outer line near margin, double, heavily dentate and with white lunu-
les in the dentations, forming a white spot below vein 2. Abdomen and hindwings grey-brown, paler in in¬
ner area. The $ is a very pale grey-brown. The black main spot and the pale lunules very diffuse. A second
A is darker brown, the inner line of forewings is absent. 32 — 40 mm. Siao-lu, Tien-tsuen. Type in the Brit¬
ish Museum.

L. concolor Wkr. The form superans Wkr. was already discussed in Vol. 2, p. 131. It has increased
black markings. I have received from the British Museum a $ each from Ta-tsien-lu and Siao-lu that bear J
markings i. e. hindwings have a marginal band and abdomen is red in the anterior half and yellow in post-

102

OCNERIA; OCNEROGYIA. By M. Gaede.

aplcc-

brunnea.

stoetzneri.

nisseni.

brunnea.

obscura.

hillmanni.

uniformis.

flavi-

'palpata.

amanda.

erior. The forewings with yellow ground colour and even more heavily marked with black than the <$ of
superans illustrated in Vol. 10, pi. 40 c with the exception of the hindwings which are milky white, with
a dark marginal band.

L. asoetria Him. Of this species which was dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 325, pi. 41 b, I have 2 BS be¬
fore me from Tze-ku in the British-Museum. Ground colour of forewings is pure white, hindwings yellow-
grey with wide dark marginal band. As this specimen varies, we are illustrating same here (8 g). I do not
consider it necessary to give a name.

L. apicebrunnea sp. n. (8 g). $ both wings pure white. The inner line with a heavy spot on costa;
it is excurved on upper wall of cell and on median nervure and strongly incurved in cell and on submedian
fold, then very obliquely outwards to inner margin. Cell spot and angulated spot missing in this specimen.
Outer line double, the outer branch very heavily dentate. Submarginal line broad and heavily dentate. Behind
same from apex to vein 3 violet brown. Fringes with coarse black spots. Hindwings brownish from costa
to vein 6. Fringes posteriorly with fine black spots. Body ochreous brown. 50 mm. Ta-tsien-lu. Type in the
British Museum. — I have a specimen that looks very similar but is a deeper brown and seems to be close
to baibarana Mats, but markings are somewhat rubbed. I am therefore desisting from a description From
Tze-ku.

19. Genus: Ocneria Hbn.

0. terebinth i Frr. (Vol. 2, p. 131, pi. 21 b). stoetzneri Draes. is smaller than type. Wings are darker
grey and more thinly scaled. Lines fainter, in very diffuse. Below base of vein 2 there is a dark streak,
behind same and above vein 5 a dark shade. There are no red patches on palpi and head. Peking. — - (On
pi. 21 b of Vol. 2 erroneously given as therebynthi instead of terebinthi .)

0. poenitens Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 132, pi. 21 c). This species was described as a form of signatoria Chr.,
but may be held to be a species. No doubt nisseni Rothsch. (8 k) belongs to same. The brown ground colour
is more reddish than in poenitens and all markings are clearer. In the double submarginal line a few pale
scales are interspersed. Also abdomen and hindwings are rather more reddish. Khenchela, Ain-Sefra (Algeria).
— algirica Oberth. seems identical with the illustration of poenitens (Vol. 2, pi. 21 c) of which the author dis¬
approved but which corresponds to specimens in the Puxgeler Collection. If one does not consider it of im¬
portance that in algirica apparently the outer edge of the submarginal line is more clearly marked than
the inner one (in nisseni both are equally heavy), then algirica and poenitens are evidently identical, whilst
nisseni differs by its clearer markings.

O. rubea F. (Vol. 2, p. 132, pi. 21 c). The form btunnea Rocci is a monotonous dark reddish brown
instead of the normal reddish grey. As there is only a single ^ specimen it is difficult to say whether same
is only an aberration or whether it represents the normal race at Genua. — obscura Bub. from the same
district (Alassio) was described later, but need not differ on that account. Markings normal and ground
colour of both wings dark reddish brown-grey. The light spot at end of cell on forewings contrasts distinctly
from the dark ground colour. — The race hillmanni DM. from the S. Tyrol is grey-black (<J), red patches
barely indicated, the dark bands diffuse, pale middle spot obsolescent. Nothing is said about the $.

0. uniformis Rothsch. (8 g) is somewhat similar to jlavipalpata Stgr. Body and forewings cinnamon
brown. Except for a small ruddy spot at lower angle of cell, there are no other markings. Hindwings cin¬
namon red. The only specimen before me has brownish white abdomen and hindwings. $ 38 mm. S. Algeria.

0. flavipalpata Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 132, pi. 21 b). We now have a description of the larvae of this
species. They feed on the desert plant Acacia tortilis and are red-brown, the feet vermilion. On each seg¬
ment there is a white and black lateral tuft of hair . On dorsum on 4th and 5th segments there is a white
cushion of hairs; on the 6th and 7th segments similarly a yellow cushion. On the last 2 segments blue
markings with 2 red spots. On the last segment there is a grey-blue tuft of hair from which long greeny
white hairs project, extending backwards. Similar hairs on the head. The locality, Libyan desert, is new.

20. Genus: Ociierogyia Stgr.

As the neuration of this Genus has not yet been described I am giving same now. In forewings vein
formation is like Lymantria, but vein 7 arises somewhat later from the common stalk of 7 + 8 + 9, vein
10 arises free from the cell and is somewhat bent at its base. In hindwings vein 3 arises nearer base of wing,
so that it lies midway between 2 and 4, 8 approaches the cell somewhat later. Middle and hind tibiae with
terminal spurs. Antennae of £ with short pectinations.

0. amanda Stgr. (8 g). We are now illustrating the $ of this species' which was dealt with in Vol. 2,
p. 133. It also suffices for the underside but there is still an ochreous streak on forewings from base below

ALBARRACINA; PORTHESIA; EUPROCTIS. By M. Gaede.

103

the cell, almost to vein 2. The $ differs somewhat from the <$. Abdomen is pale grey-brown, somewhat
yellowish at base. Hind wings also are pale grey-brown, the inner area somewhat more reddish. On underside
of forewings, the streak below the cell is missing. — This species is rare in collections (the $ was described
in 1920), but it is a pest to fig trees in Mesopotamia. Larvae grey-green with long hairs anteriorly, which
project and hang right over the head. There are no bristles such as in Orgyia, Dasychira, but hairs in arrange¬
ment like on Arctiidae. larvae. It is full-fed in about 24 days being about 8 — 11 days in the pupal stage,
so that throughout the summer, even in the greatest heat, (which usually brings about a slowing up, though
not in this case) one can find all stages.

0. nora Stgr. (8 g). We are now also illustrating this species which was placed with a query in Vol. 2, nora.
p. 132 in the Genus Ocneria.

O. tolgi (8 h) PM. also belongs here and is perhaps only a large nora form. Owing to its rarity the tolgi.
type very kindly placed at our disposal from Vienna is being illustrated. The ground colour is mono¬
tonous and a shade darker than nora. There is no difference in the shape of the inner and outer lines, bid
there is no central band and the submarginal shade is absent. A black angular mark on disco-cellular. Hind-
wings only as reddish brown as nora on the costa, otherwise much darker. On underside of forewings of nora

the colour is yellow-brown with regular wide blackish costa whilst in tolgi the dark colouration penetrates
as far as the lower wall of cell. Underside of hindwing is also much darker. A 27 mm. Amanus mountains.

Note: samarita Stgr. (Vol. 2, pi. 21 c) should be classified here. This is however much less likely in the
case of ledereri Mill. (Vol. 2, pi. 22 h) and amabilis Chr. (Vol. 2, pi. 21 d).

21. Genus: Albarracina Stgr.

A. warionis Oberth. (8 i). The $ is similar to korbi Stgr., a species that was dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 133, warionis.
and it may be held to be a sub-race to the warionis which was previously described, warionis $ differs from
korbi according to the original illustration by the diffuse brown stripe from apex of forewings to the centre
of inner margin, which howewer may also be absent. Beyond same there is a row of black dots, which on the
original illustration extends to inner margin whilst according to the description it is incurved on the lower wall of
cell and near the base turns up toward costa. The enclosed space is more yellowish grey than the grey shade
of the rest of forewing. Hindwings grey-brown with diffuse dark central band. Described from Oran and iden¬
tical with korbi-deundulata Strd. A further synonym is korbi-banghaasi Potsch. We are now illustrating the S
from a specimen ex the collection of Oberthur. The hindwing can be white or brownish and the black spots
on forewing can be larger or smaller. According to Rothschild the icarionis $$ from Oran are more brown
than grey as the $$ from Morocco and both are again different to those from Syria and Palestine (= syriaca
Stndf.). A single $ from Morocco which is larger and darker grey is named schindlerae Oberth. According to the schindlerae.
material before me the differences between warionis (from Oued-Djdida) and korbi (from Albarracin) are very
small. The best one can say is that in korbi (8 k) the black submarginal spots on forewings are larger with
clearer white lunules bordering same. In one specimen which Bartel had received the locality is given as “Spain”
for korbi, whilst it most closely resembles warionis. I have specimens of syriaca both from Syria and Palestine,
which are practically alike. The marking is very diffuse, only the oblique band extending from apex is more
prominent than in warionis, in my korbi it is scarcely indicated. — baui (8 k) can easily be differentiated by
the more upright deep black apical band and the black streak (not dot) below vein 2 near the margin.

A. korbi Stgr. (8 k). This form is dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 133 but the illustration on pi. 21 d does korbi.
not refer to this species; the moth illustrated does not belong here at all, whilst the description in the text
is quite correct and agrees with our present illustrations of specimens from Albarracin.

A. alluaudi Oberth. (8 i) is somewhat larger than warionis. Body and wings dark mouse-grey, not pale alluaudi.
grey. Thorax a leaden grey like the forewings. Markings similar to warionis, blit very much less distinct.

Fringes long pale and dark grey spotted. Close inside of same an undulate row of delicate black lunules.

Veins glossy. Hindwings unicoloured grey with pale fringes. Marakesh.

24. Genus: Portliesia Steph.

P. riukiuana Mats. Thorax and forewings yellow bestrewn with a few reddish orange scales. In the riutciuana.

central cell also a few carmine red scales. Abdomen and hindwings pale yellow with faint violet sheen in cert¬

ain light. S 19 mm. Okinawa; mentioned here as a boundary insect, which probably extends into palae-

arctic territory.

25. Genus: Eiiproctis Hbn.

E. chrysorrhoea Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 135, pi. 21 e). The form plumbociliata Heinr. has lead-grey fringes plumbo-

as the name indicates. — In Algeria and Tunis most of the S have a few black dots on forewings similar

104

EUPROCTIS. By M. Gaede.

to punctifera Teich and punctella Strd., none however are so heavily spotted as nigrosignata Banderm. The
? has golden yellow hairs on abdomen instead of the brown hairs common to those of central Europe and
xanthorr- for this Ave have the name xaiithorrhoea Oberth. (8 h). It is also remarkable that in the coastal region of Al-
geria and close to Hyeres the larvae feed exclusively on Arbutus unedo. In the interior of Algeria and fur¬
ther away from Hyeres it feeds on all kinds of trees and is correspondingly harmful. According to specimens
in the Pxtjstgeler collection xanthorrhoea occurs in Sardinia, but forewings rarely have black dots.

boulifa. E. boulifa Bum. has thorax and forewings a saffron-yellow with 2 lines of white scales. The inner

one commences at lower wall of cell, the outer one is complete. Fringes a silky yellow. HindAvings yellow-
red. paler at base. The $ monotonous pale buff. On forewings costa and inner margin are pale saffron-yellow.
Abdomen with reddish brown hairs, anal tuft black-brown. 20 — 30 mm. Tunis.

auratd. E. aurafa Wil. (8 h). Eorewings pale yellow with orange-red band in similar arrangement to that

of piperita (Vol. 2, pi. 21 e) but much more diffuse. Hindwings yelloAvish Avhite. 30 mm. Shikoku (Japan).

curvafa. E. curvata Wil. (8 h). Somewhat similar to vitellina Roll. (Vol. 2, p. 137, pi. 23 a). Thorax yellowish,

abdomen yellow-broAvn. Eorewings lemon-yellow with an outer row of red-brown spots which is bent at lower
angle of cell. Besides there are 1 — 2 spots at base. Hindwings more whitish, with yellowish hairs towards
the inner margin. 32 — 48 mm. Japan.

sakaguchii. E. sakaguchii Mats. Forewings with black central band, which is interrupted in the space above the

subcostal nervure. With pale edges on both sides and intersected by pale veins. The colour of basal and
marginal areas is not mentioned, but is presumably yellow. Above each of veins 5 and 7 there is a black
spot. Hindwings somewhat paler. Vein 4 is displaced towards vein 3 and is therefore further from vein 5.
$ 44 mm. Okinawa; mentioned here as a boundary insect.

'piperita. E. piperita Oberth. (10 a). We are giving a new illustration, of a form ex the Pungeler collection that

varies considerably from that dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 136 and illustrated on pi. 21 e. We should mention
here that the basal spot can also be smaller and be separated from the main spot by a narrow line of ground
colour. In a C from Chang-ku (in the British Museum) the main band extends in centre to the outer mar¬
gin, in this specimen the hindwing is a slightly bolder yellow than in the specimen illustrated.

susanna. E. susanna Stgr. (8 h and Vol. 2, p. 138, pi. 21 i) also occurs in Egypt. The larvae feed there on Och-

radenus baccatus. It is black on upperside, yellow on underside with black dusting laterally. At the level
of the stigmata there is an orange-yellow lateral stripe. Each segment has 4 pairs of warts, of which the cen¬
tral pair is the larger, they are brown with short golden brown hairs intermixed with a feAv longer white
hairs. ! he second pair is brown with long AA'hite hairs. The last tAVO pairs are orange yelloAV with short
white hairs. The 3 anterior segments Avith only white hairs. — - As the specimen illustrated in Vol. 2 repre¬
sented a small $ from Arabia, we are now giving an illustration of a larger $ from Egypt.

E. atomaria Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 138, pi. 21 h). As atomaria is subject to great variation, I presume that
ftavo- flavotriangulafa form. nov. (8 h) is only a form of same. The yellow ground colour forms a large triangular
triangiilata. mark on costa 0f forewings and the large brown spot extends in its main bulge at vein 6 in a small projec¬
tion outwards. Generally there are 2 brown apical spots, but here there is only one, which can also be merg¬
ed with the large main spot. There is a yellow streak also on centre of inner margin. Hindwing is black-
brown to centre or nearly to margin. Abdomen black with yellow tip. $ 25 — 28 mm. $ 32 mm. Ta-tsien-lu,
Chang-ku. Type in the British Museum.

E. decussata Mr. has already been dealt Avith in the Indo-Australian part and illustrated in Vol. 10,
pi. 44 e. According to a specimen from Ta-tsien-lu in the British Museum, the species also belongs to the
palaearctic fauna.

magni- E. magniplaga $ sp. n. Somewhat similar to niphonis-squamosa Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 136, pi. 21 e). The

plaga. smoky brown band of forewings is much like the illustration of the $ ( niphonis ) on pi. 21 f, only at its base
there is still a semi-circular patch of the ground colour. The latter is orange-yellow Hindwings cream and
in one of the 2 specimens available there is a dusky broAvn spot of abt 4 mm diameter above the inner angle.
Thorax and abdomen faintly brown. $ 42 mm. Tze-ku. Type in the British Museum.

parvi- E. parviplagiosa sp. n. (8 i). Somewhat similar to grisea Semp. (Vol. 10, p. 347, pi. 45 e) but it has

plagiosa. traces of a dark central band in centre of inner margin. At disco-cellular there is a diffuse pale spot, which
is also visible on underside. 27 mm. Tien-tsuen. Type in the British Museum.

lcarapini. E. karaphli Strd. (8 i) is somewhat similar to latifascia Wkr. (Vol. 2, pi. 21 f). Forewing pale cream

colour with indications of 2 transverse bands each of 1 mm width, which however are much nearer the mar¬
gin than in latifascia. Inner margin is a somewhat deeper colour. Hindwings and fringes pale Avhite. Thorax
A\rhitish, abdomen and anal wool black-brown. $ 33 mm. Karapin, Japan.

Pull. 16. III. 1032. Register of original descriptions of palaearctic Lymantriidae. 105

E. ochrilineata sp. n. (8 i). Shaft of antennae and thorax are ochreous brown, pectinations darker, ochrilineala.
Forewings dark purple brown, narrowly ochreous at costa with 2 similar transverse lines which are both
distended and diffuse at costa; the inner one is excurved at lower wall of cell and in 3 specimens out of 4
with a fine point outwards in the submedian fold. The outer one is similarly excurved, so that the main bend
is not concentrated behind the cell. Abdomen and hindwings slightly paler than forewings. Fringes of both
wings almost as pale as the bands on forewing. Underside devoid of markings, scarcely paler than upperside.
g 32 — 36 mm. Tze-ku. Type in the British Museum.

E. marginata Mr. This species is indigenous to Indian territory around Darjeeling etc. and therefore
dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 338, pi. 43 e. — A $ from Tze-ku, diffusefasciata form. nov. (8 h) varies by having diffuse ^
a very small streak-like spot at disco-cellular of forewings. Also the yellow margin is narrower, the 7 black
marginal spots are present. Hindwings which are otherwise devoid of markings have a wide diffuse purplish
brown outer band. $ 56 mm. Tze-ku. Type in the British Museum.

E. divisa Wkr. This white species which is dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 342 pi. 45 i, also occurs in West
China and Siao-lu and thus reaches palaearctic territory.

E. nigrifulva sp. n. (8 i). Very similar to fulvinigra limps, dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 340, pi. 44 c, but nigrifulva.
without the inner and outer line of forewings, which certainly are also not discernible on the illustration. J he
legs of are orange-yellow, those of $ orange-red. In the $ thorax and forewings orange-yellow, somewhat
darker in the centre. Hindwings and abdomen grey-brown, fringes as on forewings. Underside of both wings
grey-brown, only margins and fringes being yellow. The $ similarly but the orange-yellow patches of the $
are orange-red. 30 mm. Tze-ku. Type in the British Museum.

9. Genus: liaelia Steph.

L. coenosa Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 122, pi. 19 i). impunetata Mats, is an extreme form of sangaica-paucipuncta impundata.
Strd. already dealt with in Vol. 2. The G has no dark marginal dots on forewings. The $ is grey-white along
the entire costa, with a few black-brown scales at apex. The author enumerates the species among the N oto-
dontides.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Lymantriidae enumerated in Supplement¬
ary Volume 2.

* signifies that the form is also figured in the place cited.

alba Lym. Std. Iris 28, p. 16.

albescens Lym. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 25.
alluaudi Alb. Olerth. Et. L6p. Comp. 19, p. 220.
alpina Das. Kitt Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gres. Wien 74/75, p. (69).
anthyellina Org. John Ent. Ztschr. 36, p. 34.
apicebrunnea Lym. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 102. *
arcerii Org. Ragusa Bull. Soc. Ent. It. 55, p. 19.
asiatica Lym. Wnuk. Rev. Russe Ent. 20, p. 79.
asoetria Lym. PL Irn. Sammlg. Esot. Schmett. 2.
aurata Eup. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 272. *
aurea Org. Olerth. Et. L6p. Comp. 19, p. 201.
aureomicans Hyp. Std. Iris 35, p. 182.
aurifera Das. Scrila Ent. Rundsch. 36, p. 42. *

belvalettei Lym. Dumont Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1928, p. 225.
boulifa Eup. Dumont Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1922, p. 244.
brunnea Lym. disp. P. Schulze Int. Ent. Ztschr. 4, p. 26.
brunnea Lym. mon. Stipan Ent. Ztschr. 37, p. 40.
brunnea Ocn. Rocci Mem. Soc. Ent. It. 2, p. 9.

calabra Org. Std. Ztschr. wiss. Ins. -Biol. 12, p. 110.
callunae Das. Peets Jahresb. Nat. Ges. Hannover 55, p. 214
(1908).

eaucasica Das. Schelj. N. Beitr. syst. Ins. 1, p. 131.
chicliibensis Stilp. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokkaido 19,

p. 26.

confusa Cif. Brem. Lep. Ost-Sibirien, p. 42. *
conjuncta Das. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 270.
coreana Das. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokkaido 19, p. 36. *
costa-nigra Arct. Lamb. Rev. mens. Namur 8, p. 43.
curvata Eupr. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 271. *

Supplementary Volume 2

defuncta Hyp. Std. Iris 35, p. 182.

deserticola Org. Powell Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 12, p. 273.
diffusefasciata Eupr. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 105. *
dilutior Org. Bub. Ztschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 35.
divisa Eupr. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 4, p. 836.
doii Stilp. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. IJokk. 19, p. 38.

eburnina Hyp. Std. Iris 35, p. 182.
effeminata Das. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. 17, p. 416. *
eremita Lym. Banderm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 18, p. 30.
evanescens Arct. Schultz Ent. Ztschr. 24, p. 35.
examinata Lym. Kard. Ent. Mit. 17, p. 417.

falcata Hyp. Std. Iris 35, p. 182.

fasciata Lym. disp. Lamb. Rev. mens. Namur 7, p. 51.
fasciata Lym. mon. Hannem. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 37.
feminicolorata Hyp. Std. Iris 35, p. 182.
flava Lym. Banderm. Ent. Ztschr. 37, p. 49.
flavescens Org. gon. Masl. Polsk Pisma 2, p. 133. *
flavescens Org. thyell. Wohnig Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 38.
flavipalpata Ocn. Stgr. Iris 8, p. 296. *
flaviventer Lym. Krul. Rev. Russe Ent. 9, p. 303.
flavotriangulata Eupr. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2,
p. 104. *

fraguarius Lym. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 221.

gadollae Org. Wgr. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 15, p. 17. *

grisea Org. ant. Denso Iris 26, p. 132.

grisea Org. thyell. Wohnig Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 39.

gracilis Lym. Krul. Rev. Russe Ent. 11, p. 445.

groeniandica Das. Homeyer II. Dtsch. Nordpolfahrt 2, p. 469.

14

106

Register of original descriptions of palaearctic Lymantriidae.

grundi Das. Lorkovitsch Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 80, p. 5.

lielgolandiae Das. Strd. Zool. Zentr.-Blatt 1906, p. 798.
killmanni Ocn. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 108.
hirayamae Das. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokkaido 19, p. 35.
holli Org. Oberth. Bt. L4p. Comp. 12, p. 278. *

illustreciliata Hyp. Std. Iris 35, p. 182.
immaculata Org. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 97. *
immunda Das. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. 17, p. 416. *
impunctata Lael. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 4, p. 136.

karapina Eupr. Strd. Ent. Mitt. 3, p. 335.
kruegeri Lym. Trti. Atti Soc. Zool. It. 51. p. 285. *
kusnezowi Lym. Koloss. Ent. Ztschr. 41, p. 481.

lunulata Das. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 20, p. 403.

magniplaga Eupr. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 104.

mancha Org. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 219.

maura Lym. Oberth. Bt. L4p. Comp. 11, f. 4724. *

medionigra Org. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 219.

militaris Lym. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 386.

mus Lym. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 11, p. 22. *

lieumanni Stilp. Banderm. Entom. Anz. 9, p. 340. *
nigra Das. Hmps. Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 11, p. 442.
nigrifulva Eupr. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 105. *
nigriplagiata Lym. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl.2,p. 101. *
nigripunctata Arct. Warn. Iris 38, p. 154.
nigrotecta Das. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 103.
liisseni Ocn. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 19, p. 125.
nivalis Das. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1887, p. 97.
nupera Org. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919, p. 248.

obscura Ocn. Bub. Ztschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 12, p. 65.
obsoleta Lym. Wnuk. Rev. Russe Ent. 20, p. 79.
ochracea Lym. Wnuk. Rev. Russe Ent. 20, p. 80.

; ochrilineata Eupr. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2. p. 105. *
j omninolimbata Hyp. Std. Iris 35, p. 182.

| orana Org. Powell Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 272. *

parallela Org. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 98. *

^ parviplagiosa Eupr. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 104.

plumb ociliata Eupr. Heinr. D. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 510.
; postfusca At. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 99. *
praeterea Lym. Kard. Ent. Mitt. 17, p. 416. *
j prieta Org. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 219.
pusillata Arct. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr 39, p. 107.

relictus Das. O. B.-H. Horae Macrol. 1, p. 77. *
i riukiuana Port. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 39.
rossii Das. Curt. Ross II. voyg. N. W.-PaB. App. 70.

sakagucliii Eupr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 40. *
j sakagucliii Lym. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 26.
j sebdouensis Org. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 12, p. 278.
semicirculosa Das. Gaede Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 96.
stoetzneri Ocn. Draes. Iris 40, p. 53.
strigata Das. Mr. Lep. Atkins., p. 58.
surtur Stilp. B.-Haas Iris 26, p. 107.

1 suigensis Stilp. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 27.
suzukii Das. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 35. *

toelgi Ocn. Rbl. Sitz.-Ber. Ak. Wiss. Wien 126, p. 264.

; transiens Lym. Lamb. Revue Mens. Namur 9, p. 10.

J trimacula Das. Scriba Entomol. Rundsch. 38, p. 29.

unicolor Lym Wnuk. Rev. Russe Ent. 20, p. 80.
unilormis Ocn. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20, p. 118.

warionis Alb. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 6, p. 75. *
wintersteini Org. Wohnig Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 38.

xanthorrhoea Eupr. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 282 =

THAUMETOPOEA. By M. Gaede.

107

6. Family : Thaumetopoeidae.

Genus : Tliauiuetopoea Hbn.

T. bonjeani Oberth. (9 a). In colouration the $ is very similar to solitaria (Vol. 2, pi. 23 c) but is much bonjeani.
more faintly marked on forewings. The inner line is slightly angulated at median nervure; at disco-cellular
there is a diffuse streak. The outer line is faintly double, slightly less indistinct at costa, the outer edge slightly
undulate. Hindwings white, somewhat darkened at base, no anal spot. Azrou (Algeria). — The larvae live
gregariously on Cedrus atlantica, their hairs not being poisonous. As the solitaria larvae live singly, as the
name indicates, bonjeani cannot be identical with same inspite of the great similarity.

T. wilkinsoni Tams (9 a) is somewhat like solitaria Frr. in the arrangement of the lines. Forewings ivilkinsoni.
of $ grey with narrow black transverse lines. Basal line projecting in a point inwards at lower wall of cell,
then vertically to inner margin. The inner line is somewhat distended at inner margin and inclining outwards,
at costa it is considerably distended and diffuse. Disco-cellular with black angle. The outer line fine and dentate,
forming an angle at lower median nervure, then turning inwards and incurved below submedian nervure. Hind-
wings white, margin narrowly darker, a dark brown spot below submedian nervure. $ similar but browner,
the lines less distinct. 33 — 45 mm. Cyprus.

T. pityocampa Schiff. (Vol. 2, p. 144, pi. 21 k). Among typical specimens in the Tessin, one sometimes
finds the very dark form obscura Vorbr. (9 a), in which also the hindwings are blackish. — In the South Tyrol obscura.
the species is very variable, both in form and in the development of the lines. Two forms from there have
been denominated: convergens Dhl. both lines of forewing converge at inner margin, forming a dark spot, convergens.
— In the $ the transverse lines are normally already fainter than in d, renegata DM. denotes specimens where renegata.
they are quite absent. — From an illustration of insignipennis Strd. (9 a) by Reisser it is evident that in
same the inner line of forewings is distended at costa and inner margin, just as in wilkinsoni Tams, also the
outer line does not differ much from same. On hindwings however the black spot is missing. A new locality
for it is the Sierra d’Alfacar. — Besides this pale form a very dark form occurs at the same spot: bicolor bicolor.
Reisser (9 a). The 3 transverse lines are still just distinguishable, similarly the pale surround to reniform
stigma and the pale undulate line. Transitions also occur in Corsica. They differ from nigra Bang-Haas by
the white hindwings with black anal spot. The examination of the genitalia by Zebny has established the
dissimilitude of wilkinsoni and insignipennis.

T. processionea L. (Vol. 2, p. 143, pi. 21 k). A $ with somewhat paler ground colour and diffuse mark¬
ings, having the appearance of a $ is named seif fersi Gloss. seiffersi.

T. herculanea Rmb. (Vol. 2, p. 144, pi. 23 c). The races described as follows belong to the race colossa
Bang-Haas (Vol. 2, pi. 23 d) in consequence of their considerable size, phosphatiphila Dumont is just slightly phosphati-
daiker than the letter. Forewings pure white with ochreous brown lines and black veins. The inner line, ex¬
tending from upper wall of cell is bent. The outer line (apparently not a double line as in other forms) slightly
curved at subcostal nervures, rising somewhat upwards at upper median nervure and obliquely to inner margin.

Beyond same a narrow white band, slightly distended at its extremities. Outer margin dark. Hindwings white.

The $ is similar but somewhat darker. 35 — 42 mm. Tunis. — carneades Trti. (9 a) has silky white forevings carneades.
with double inner and outer lines; the inner one is filled with a few slightly less dark scales. The central spot
is also distinct and the fringes distinctly darkly spotted. Hindwings pure white, devoid of markings. The body
is less dark than in colossa. $ 35 mm. Benghasi. — lustrata Trti. from Derna is a sub-form to same. Ground lustrata.
colour of wings is pure white. The dark brown marking is purer and less diffuse. Also of this form only the $
is known. Perhaps same is synonymous with phosphatiphila.

108

Register of original descriptions of palaearctic Thaumetopoeiclae.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Thaumetopoeiclae enumerated in Supple¬
mentary Volume 2.

* signifies that the form is also figured in the place cited.

bicolor Th. Beifter Ztschr. Oest. Ent. Ver. 13, p. 17. *
bonjeani Th. Powell Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 188. *

carneades Th. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 63, p. 49. *
convergens Th. Dhl. Entomol. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 6.

lustrata Th. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 65, p. 28.

obscura Th. Vorbr. B’flies of Switzerland 1, p. 205.

phosphatipliila Th. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1922, p. 245.

renegata Th. Dlxl. Entomol. Zeitschr. 39 (1925), p. 6.

seiflersi Th. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10 (1917), p. 147.

wilkinsoni Th. Tams Bull. Ent. Bee. 15 (1925), p.293. *

CHONDROSTEGA. By M. Gaede.

109

7. Family: Lasiocampidae.

1. Genus: Clioiicirostega Led.

A relatively large number of new species of this interesting group are described. Whether they will
all be retained in the future, or whether they will be merged, as in the Genus Somabrachys, cannot yet be said.

Ch. poweili Oberth. (9 b, 10 a). Compared by the author as regards the colour with pastrana Led. ($
10 a, $ Vol. 2, p. 149, pi. 24 a). Base and outer margin darker, so that occasionally the ground colour of the
forewings is only retained as an outer band. On hindwings an outer band can be indicated on upperside, which
can be almost as heavily excurved in the centre as on underside of vandalicia Mill. (Vol. 2, p. 149, pi. 24 a).
The underside of the 2 specimens figured by Oberthur appears to be so different, that one could almost be¬
lieve they were 2 species. The species seems to be very variable. In one specimen an outer band of dark spots,
which is interrupted anteriorly, is apparent on underside of hindwings. In another specimen there are 3 spots
nearer the base, one at cell 'end, one below same and another at costa. Finally there is a specimen in the
Pungeler collection with a continuous dark central line, which is heavily incurved at costa. ^ 34 3fe> mm.
Algeria. The $ has long and thin antennae, whilst in constantina they are shorter and thicker.

Ch. tingitana Powell (9 b) was first known in the $$. Head and thorax with yellow-brown hairs which
are less dense than in constantina (10 a) and poweili (9 b). Also the dark brown hairs on abdomen are less dense.
Antennae are not so long as in poweili , but differing also from those of constantina and vandalicia (Vol. 2,
p. 149, pi. 24 a) by their fineness and sharper points, the pectinations being less pointed. The process (tooth)
on thorax after the 1st pair of legs is little developed. The lateral parts of the projection on frons are somewhat
more rounded off than in constantina. Tangiers. Later on Oberthur has illustrated the $ without giving
any particular description.. On upperside it resembles a red-brown poweili. Forewings are uniformly dark from
base to outer line, then somewhat paler and glossy. Hindwings are paler and shades of a central band are
discernible. On underside the outer band of forewings is slightly more prominent. On hindwings it is much
more distinct and of the same shape as shown in our illustration of poweili.

Ch. maghrebica Joannis. Commencing again here with the $, we find the following differences: the
projection on the frons has sharper ridges at the sides. The hairs on head and thorax are longer and yellower
than in constantina and poweili. Hairs of abdomen are also somewhat longer and the brown colouration is
less reddish, it is preferably yellow anteriorly and yellow-brown posteriorly. In the head and thorax are
black-brown, abdomen is yellow-grey with brown belts. Forewings black-brown, the outer band whitish, fairly
wide, parallel with the outer margin and only slightly distant from same. Fringes spotted. Hindwings grey-
brown with a dark shade from centre of inner margin to the cell. Outer margin narrowly brownish. Underside
of forewings buff-brown with pale veins. The light outer band further removed from margin with narrow
black-brown edge inwardly. Here and on hindwings it is incurved below costa, then excurved and continuing
parallel to the margin. On hindwings veins are also light and there is a pale streak in the cell. The line on
hindwing is similar in formation to that of vandalicia (Vol. 2, p. 149, pi. 24 a) but the line there is dark and
not light as stated in Vol. 2, p. 149 and the area to base is sometimes as brown as the line itself. S 27 — 34 mm.
Marakesh.

Ch. zanoni Trti. from Cyrenaica seems to be very similar to aurivillii Pnglr. (9 b) from Jerusalem
(Vol. 2, p. 150). As aurivillii has not yet been illustrated, we are giving an illustration from the type, zanoni
varies on upperside of forewings by paler base, the outer paler band appears to run straighter to costa. Fringes
in both species are checked. The brown ground colour of hindwings is just as dark as that of forewings, so
that the pale base, light median band and margin contrast sharply. Fringes are as the ground colour, i. e. dark,
but this is not discernible from the original illustration. In aurivillii (9 b) they are as light as the margin.

poweili.

tingitana.

magbre-

bica.

zanoni.

no

MALACOSOMA. By M. Gaede.

In both species the pale median band on underside of hindwings is narrow and clear, almost forming a semi¬
circle. In aurivillii it has an inner edge of dark brown. In zanoni fringes of forewings are not checked on the
underside. A 30 mm.

osthelderi. Ch. osthelderi Pnglr. (9 b). Antennae extremely heavily pectinated. Wings dark grey-brown at base,

separated from the slightly paler outer area by an indistinct darker band. Hindwings of same shade as this
marginal area. A dark band is indicated somewhat before the centre. On underside of forewings the dark cen¬
tral band is only distinct anteriorly. It is more clearly marked on hindwings and forms a semicircle as in our
powelli. $ 20 mm (Type) to 26 mm. Konia, Akshehir.

gdtsch- Ch. gotschmamii Stertz (9 b) in the imago is very like pastrana Led. (10 a and Vol. 2, p. 149. pi. 24 a),

mumn. ]mt the larvae are different. The antennae in gotschmanni have not such enormously long pectinations, but
the ground colour of upperside and the incurved costa are just as in pastrana. Occasionally traces of a dark
outer band can be observed at costa of forewings. Same is better discernible on underside of both wings; this
however is faint enough in the only specimen I have. According to Pungeler the eyes are only weakly haired.
The $ is a paler brown than any of the other species. A 25 mm. Jerusalem.

mtacta. Ch. intacta Pnglr. i. 1. (9 c) appears a more sandy yellow than pastrana and gotschmanni. As in pastrana

there is no band on upper or undersides. On closer examination however the differences are considerable.
According to Pungeler the eyes of pastrana are hairy, those of intacta naked. Besides the antennae are somewhat
more shortly pectinated than in gotschmanni and barely half as long as in pastrana. Costa of forewings is not
incurved. The red-brown $ is outwardly not different from pastrana. <$ 26 mm. Valley of the Jordan.

Pauh- Ch. pauli Pnglr. i. 1. (9 c). Antennae as in intacta, as also size and formation of wings. According to

Pungeler the eyes are hairy. Basal area of forewings is somewhat darker to the area where an outer band
might occui. On underside a wide diffuse brown band is discernible, which is formed about as in gotschmanni.
s 26 mm. $ pale brown with white anal tuft, exactly like a $ of palaestrana Stgr. Jerusalem.

Ch, pastrami and palaestrana which in Vol. 2, p. 150 are grouped together are, separated as distinct
species by Pungeler and Stertz.

2. Genus: Malacosoma Him.

momea M- nmstria L- (Vo1- 2> P- 150> P1- 24 b). — cinnamomea Trti. & Vrty. denominates cinnamon brown

momea ■ cJ<J, sometimes having a darker central band, which occur among typical yellow of the italian Maritime
bicolor. Alps. A similar pair from Herzegowina is found in the Pungeler collection. — bicolor Sibille are S3 having
base of forewings a straw-yellow and the outer similarly coloured line being somewhat wider and diffuse. Such
inter- specimens occur evervhere. — In interrupta Le. Charles $ the central band of forewings is interrupted, which
is a very rare occurrence. — A form corresponding to castrensis- pallida and franconica-pallidea also’ occurs
here (1 $ from Amur in the Pungeler collection), but so far it is not denominated. — A few hybrids have
caradjae. been reared, viz: neustria $ X jranconica $ = caradjae Stdfss. (9 d), but only in the sex. Colouration of
wings is like neustria A, but the scaling is somewhat transparent, the shape of the two lines is more like
those of ftanconica. On underside too, the pale band resembles that species. — Also a copulation of neustria
schaufussi. X castrensis var. veneta $ ( = scliaufussi Stdfss.) (9 d) was successfully carried out by Prof. Standfuss. It
resulted in only $$. On forewings the inner edge of central band is heavily bent at costa as in veneta, extending
then straightly and not regularly curved. Both margins are heavier than in veneta (9 d) but weaker than in
nmsiren- castrensis. - The hybrid neustrensis Klemann from neustria $ x castrensis $ is also only known in the $ sex.
It may be presumed that same does not differ much from the previous description.

fasciata. M. castrensis L. (Vol. 2, p. 151, pi. 24 c). — fasciata $ Gloss has a dark central band on forewings

and may therefore be considered a variation of the same form that is named veneta Stdfss. as a race; it there-
jundci f°re seems desirable to also illustrate veneta here (9 d). — costipuncta $ Gloss has the dark central band reduced
PU>1C U‘ to a sma11 sPot on costa. As one can see from the original illustration this form is a stunted cripple and not
desiejnata, ch sc i \ ing of a name. designafa Aigner is an extreme albino and paler than the illustration of franconica-
pallida in Vol. 2, p. 151, pi. 24 d. Not only is the forewing still paler than in the pale form Jcirghisica Stgr.
hatophila. but it is devoid of markings. Hindwings and abdomen are also yellowish white. — The race halophila Std. from
Vluggia ( Piieste) resembles veneta Stdfss. (9 cl) but is still larger. In the A the yellow colouration of upperside
of foiewings is darker and the central band is rather more vertical to the inner margin. Behind same is an outer
band of brown spots, the outer margin, in contrast to veneta, is almost always dark yellow and not brown,
whilst the thorax also in veneta (for instance in the specimen illustrated) is dark yellow. The $ appears to
thomalae. differ from veneta $ only by the darker basal area of forewings. — thomalae form. nov. is a still paler form
than hhghisica Stgr. described already in Vol. 2, p. 151. The submarginal dark band of the latter is quite

TRICHIURA; CRINOCRASPEDA; POECILOCAMPA. By M. Gaede.

Ill

absent on forewings; except for the 2 dark transverse lines, the entire forewing is pale yellow in the type,
almost whitish in a second specimen; fringes are not checked. On hind wings the straight pale hand is somewhat
more distinct than in kirghisica. Type 1 o' Thian-shan and 1 q from Issyk-kul.

M. franconica Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 151, pi. 24 d). In Vol. 2 lutea Oberth. is indicated as a $ form, we can
now illustrate the corresponding (9 d). Oberthur believes he has ascertained that the lutea $ in west Algeria
is paler than in east Algeria and he separates the latter as orientalis Oberth. According to Rothschild this is
not a fact, pale and dark specimens — or rather pale specimens with dark transverse ban ds and dark ones
with pale transverse bands occur in one and the same locality. Therefore these are not 2 races of franconica.
In consequence he separates the dark franconica form, bntnneo-olivacea (9 c) from the pale lutea <$, which he
classifies to alpicola Stgr. According to Dr. Jordan our illustration duplicates the illustration of Oberthur.
The differs from franconica by the deeper creamy yellow transverse lines. The $ is either buff-brown, olive
brown or suffused with chocolate-brown, never the chestnut-brown of typical franconica. — A pairing of fran¬
conica $ x castrensis $ has produced the hybrid penzigi Tutt in a single $. The outline of the median band
on forewings is indicated, which is never the case in typical franconica whilst in castrensis $ it is always
clearly marked. Ground colour is halfway between the two. Otherwise with the similarity between the $$ of
the two parent forms, there is no difference to be seen.

M. alpicola Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 152, pi. 24 e). — calabrica Std. from Aspromonte is much larger than the
type. Colouration of is very dark black-brown with steep clearly marked outer band. There is a pale shading
on hindwing but no band. The $ is also much darker than type and without bands. I consider the form identical
with intermedia Mill. (9 c) from South France and this name would then have right of priority. We are illus¬
trating a (J. — mixta Rothsch. from the Central Atlas (Azrou) is only known in the It is as large as panor-
mitana Trti. (Vol. 2, pi. 23 f) but grey-brown and without bands. 42 mm.

M. mauginii Trti. is said to have somewhat shorter and more pointed wings than neustria. Forewings
yellow, somewhat more densely dusted with grey at outer margin and in front of same slight indications of
a pale outer line. Pale’ neustria have a dark line there. Fringes same as in neustria. Hindwings somewhat
darker, of approximately the same shade as the outer margin of forewings. Underside is fulvous as the upper-
side of dark neustria, but the dark band is uniformly curved and not undulate as in neustria; with a pale edge
outwardly and veins pale as in neustria. $ 25 mm. Bengasi.

3. Genus: Trlcliiursi Steph.

T. tamanukii Mats. According to the author it “somewhat” resembles T . crataegi. In my opinion it
is more like Poec. popufi (Vol. 2, p. 153, pi. 24 f.). Forewings dark brown with grey-white inner and outer
lines. The inner one is nearly straight and almost vertical. The outer one dentate and parallel to the outer
margin, similar to populi. The dark ground colour extends slightly beyond same as in populi-alpina, the rest
of the margin is paler. Hindwings of same colour as forewings, but certainly slightly paler. The outer line pale
with dark edge inwardly, approximately parallel to the outer margin. The pale head and collar, as well as the
fringes as in j)opuli. $ 38 mm. Saghalin.

T. crataegi L. (Vol. 2, p. 152, pi. 24 e). We are now illustrating castiliana Splr. (9 d), which was already
discussed in Vol. 2, p. 152 and which has a pale base and submarginal band. The specimen illustrated origi¬
nates from Barcelona. In a $ from Amasia the base is just as pale but the marginal area is almost as dark
as the central band.

Genus: Crmocraspe«la limps.

This Genus is described in Vol. 10, p. 403. Now a species has been discovered in Japan:

Cr. miyakei Wil. It is similar to excisa Wil. described in Vol. 10, p. 404 and pi. 32 a. The margin of
both wings is undulate, hindwings are bent inwards on costa near base and at apex. Forewings grey-brown,
somewhat more reddish brown behind the centre. Outer line black, obliquely inwards, angulated at costa and
there with white outward edge. Inside of same cloudy dark brown and veins black. Behind same to the pale
irregular submarginal line the veins are brown. Marginal line dark brown and undulate. Hind-wings grey-brown,
red-brown in centre, a black spot on costa before the centre. $ 44 mm. Tokyo. As the species is described
from a bad±y damaged specimen, it may be identical wdth Seitzia plumigera (vide p. 118, pi. 9 h) which is dealt
with later on.

4. Genus: Poecilocstmpa Steph.

P. populi L. (Vol. 2, p. 153, pi. 24 f.). — - In olivacea Warn, all wings and body are suffused with a
nice olive green. Described from 1 $ from the Lower Elbe. — bajuvarica Stich. from Regensburg is a very

brunneo-

olivacea.

penzigi.

calabrica.

mixta.

mauginii.

tamanukii.

castiliana.

miyakei.

olivacea.

bajuvarica.

112

SOMADASYS; ERIOGASTER. By M. Gaede.

albo-

marginata.

calberlae.

tenera.

daisensis.

kibunen¬

sis.

yatsuga¬

dakensis.

takamukui.

aavasaksae.

rufomar-

ginata.

variegata.

catacoides.

dark race, similar to lydiae Krul. dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 153, hut the collar is still light coloured and fringes
checked. The inner pale line on forewings is absent and the outer one is faint and not dentate. — Of albo-
marginata Heyne (9 c) already discussed in Vol. 2, p. 153, we are now giving an illustration. — calberlae Bag.
(i. 1.?) (9 c) differs from canensis (Vol. 2, p. 153) by the undulate shape of the outer line which is approx¬
imately parallel to the characteristic pale submarginal line. The light marginal area is much more sharply
defined against the dark central area. Giogenti. Erom the Pungeler collection.

P. tenera 0. B.-H. (9 c) is approximately the same in colouration as populi. The lines of forewings
are faint. The inner one slightly bent, the outer one fairly straight, bending round at its end and bolder there.
On hindwings the faintly developed outer band is as in populi. Fringes of both wings are checked. Sutshansk.

Genus: JSomacIasys gen. nov.

I am utilising this name for a number of species which are described by Matsumura as Eriogaster
and of which also Pungeler had classified a specimen under the latter name. Whether Odon. brevivenis, dealt
with in Vol. 2, p. 170, pi. 27 f belongs here, I cannot say, but I consider it likely. Palpi and antennae as in
Eriogaster . Body of more elongate, forewings more pointed. Veins 3 and 4 arising almost from a spot, 8 + 7
+ 6 stalked, of which 8 branches off from before the middle of the stalk of 6 + 7. 9 + 10 with very long stalk,
11 being near 12 throughout its course. On hindwings 4 + 5 stalked, 7 + 8 stalked arising from accessory
cell, which at base has a bold spur projecting towards costa.

The 4 species described by Matsumura are so similar that they are perhaps subforms of a single species.

S. daisensis Mats, is similar to Odon. brevivenis Btlr. (Vol. 2, pi. 27 f). Ground colour buff-brown. The
silvery spot on forewings is larger, round, extended somewhat anteriorly. The outwardly dentate inner line
almost touches it. The outer and submarginal lines are straight, almost parallel to the outer margin, the former
nearer to the silvery spot than in brevivenis . Hindwings buff, devoid of markings. $ with dark yellow fore-
wings. Hindwings pale chestnut brown. 40 — 46 mm. Honsho.

S. kibunensis Mats. (9 e) is similar to the previous species but the ground colour of forewings of $ is
chestnut-brown, being somewhat paler at the base. The inner line is somewhat moie rounded off. The outer
line is about parallel with the outer margin, slightly depressed above vein 5. The submarginal line is also parallel
and excurved below the costa. Both lines are widely separated throughout their entire length. Hindwings
somewhat paler than fore wings with 2 very indistinct dark bands, which are absent in the original illustration.
3 36 mm. Honsho. In the specimen illustrated from Ta-tsien-lu, which is in the British Museum, the silvery
spot is very small. I presume that same is identical with kibunensis.

S. yatsugadakensis Mats. (9 e). Also similar to daisensis. Forewings grey-yellow, golden yellow at base
and inner margin. The silvery spot large, disco-cellular nervure black-brown. The lines are not described. The
outer one somewhat more incurved towards the inner margin. The submarginal line slightly bent in above
vein 5, thereby approaching the outer line at costa. Hindwings pale yellow-red with 2 indistinct dark bands.
For illustrative purposes a specimen ex the Pungeler collection from Shoji has been chosen which is designat¬
ed argenteomaculatus Btlr. I do not know an original description for this denomination. A second specimen
from Nikko is somewhat more reddish, but the silvery spot is also large. The outer line appears to be somewhat
more oblique, so that at costa it is still nearer to the submarginal line than is shown on the illustration and at
inner margin it is nearer the inner line. On hindwings no dark band is visible on upperside.

S. takamukui Mats. Ground colour as in yatsugadakensis but the inner line is more strongly angulated
and extends to the small silvery spot. Hindwings without dark band. $ 38 mm. Kyushyu. From the rather
imperfect illustration of Matsumura, I should consider this a colour variation of daisensis.

5. Genus: Eriogaster Germ.

E. lanestris L. (Vol. 2, p. 154, pi. 24 li). — The Lapland form aavasaksae Teich is greyer than type,
the outer line indistinct, formed apparently of spots. The outer margin of both wings grey-white, fringes with
white spots, in $ also the hindwings similarly. On forewings the costa, especially at apex is white. — We are
illustrating arbusculae Err. (9 f). It is now deemed to be a separate species. The band of forewings in same
ends vertically at inner margin whilst in lanestris it is more inclined to be obliquely inwards there. — A S in
which the outer margin of forewings is brown like in the $ and not grey, is named rufoniarginata Gloss.

In contrast $9 with a more distinct grey marginal area are named variegata Lenz. In same the grey colour
penetrates into the central area.

E. catacoides Strd. Colouration and markings as in catax L., but somewhat darker. In catax 3 the
forewing has 2 very diffuse dark transverse lines whilst here they are fine and fairly sharply marked. Central
area and marginal area equally wide. The outer line is somewhat undulate and incurved at costa. The white
central spot is more faintly edged with black, q 32 mm. Japan (l), Foimosa.

Publ. 17. III. 1932.

LASIOCAMPA. By M. Gaede.

113

E. catax L. (Vol. 2, p. 154, pi. 24 g). From a larva discovered near Vienna a E moth resulted differ¬
ing considerably from typical specimens by the absence of the reddish colouration. Forewings ochre golden
yellow with no dark edge to the white discal spot. Hindwings paler almost whitish yellow: auriflua Schaw. auriflua.

E. rueckbeili Graes. (9 d). We are now illustrating this species, which was dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 155.

6. Genus : X^asiocampa Schrk.

L. quercus L. (Vol. 2, p. 156, pi. 25 a — c). The following forms of the race alpina Frey are denominated:
semifasciata Wgr. E- the yellow band on hindwings is completely absent, on forewings it is present but dif- semifas-
fuse. The margin on underside of both wings is not golden yellow, but has only sparse yellow scales. — ■ caeco- data.
puncta Rbl. is without white discal spot on forewings of E, in $ there is a brown spot in normal or almost punda.

normal size. The edge of the marginal area appears to be fainter. Further breeding produced an increasing
number of caecopuncta amongst normal alpina until the latter became completely extinct. — hasfifera Std. hastifera.

$ is a normally dark alpina $ only all the veins are completely yellow commencing at base and not only in
the marginal area. — spadicea Wgr. $ is very dark but not so dark as quercus E> it has a slight rose coloured spadicea.
sheen somewhat like a dark Mai. franconica - — - doriai Rocci & Trti. is described as a race from 3 Go from doriai.
the Isle of Giglio (Tuscany). Ground colour is less intensively reddish and resembles that of trifolii. The yellow
transverse line of forewings is delicate similar to that of spartii (Vol. 2, pi. 25 b). The margin of hindwings
is much less pale than in sicula Stgr. (pi. 25 c). — Besides we are illustrating olivacea Tutt (9 e) mentioned
in Vol. 2, p. 157. — wagneri Tutt is the hybrid of quercus $ x trifolii §. It is denominated because as Stand- wagneri.
fuss remarks a $ was bred from this hybrid. No description appears to exist. — augusfilinea Valle $ from augusti-
Finland is as dark as callunae $, but all bands are as narrow as in the southern forms spartii and sicula (Vol. 2, tinea.
pi. 25 b and c).

L. trifolii Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 158, pi. 25 c, d). Occasionally one finds EG in the South Tyrol in which the
pale outer line on forewings is sharply defined and there is a further faint line near the base. This has a
pointed projection in the middle such as is faintly indicated for medicaginis E in Vol. 2, pi. 25 d. Such a
pale line also occurs in codes Hbn ., the other southern races have a dark line with a more or less clear pale
edge at the base. These are named bilinea Hartig ; basilinea Lenz from Bavaria will probably be practically bilinea.
identical. — mitfordi Oberth. is very pale fulvous, the orange-yellow marginal area being separated by a dark mitfordi.
line. In basal area and on hindwings a faint dark line. The outer line of forewings in the $ is situate somewhat
nearer the base than customary. The inner area is somewhat paler than in the E, the outer area of the
same colouration as in E, hindwings scarcely darker than the marginal area. — ochracea E Hartig probably ochracea.
differs very little. The forewings are said to be reddish yellow-brown, the white discal spot larger, the outer
line narrow. Underside monotonous ochreous red without the outer line on both wings which occurs in mit¬
fordi. Tutt deems specimens with a basal line on forewings as typical trifolii and denominates (normal) specimens
in which same is absent as unilinea-typica and specimens in which both lines are indistinct and pale radial
longitudinal streaks occur: suffusa-typica. — In the Journal Iris 1, p. 156 an aberration or race is cited as rcmana
Stdfss. which does not appear to have been described. — A sub-race of codes Hbn. from Sardinia is named sardoa sardoa.
Trti. (9 f). Whilst in codes the ground colour appears to be fairly variable, it is always dark fulvous in sardoa E
similar to medicaginis Bkh. and has a clear pale band on both wings and is not paler in marginal area. The $ can
be as dark as the normal E, generally however it is somewhat paler. Similar specimens occur in Corsica (Viz-
zavona). — daddi Heinr. described from a single E from Digne and therefore not definitely a race, is similar daddi.
to sardoa. It has a clear pale line on hindwings, bub differs by the paler margin of both wings. — semifasciata semifas-
Failla occurs occasionally among codes in Sicily. The pale outer line on hindwings is absent in same and the data.
specimens are smaller. It is probably a starvation form which resembles a small typical trifolii. — devittata devittata.
Trti. are specimens from the Apennines of Modena in which only occasionally the lines of both wings are ab¬
sent. The ground colour corresponds to that of medicaginis so that such specimens are not quite identical with
iberica Gn. — samnitica Dhl. from the Maiella is probably a transition to same. Colouration of ground is a very samnitica.
uniform pale grey, the outer margin somewhat lighter and the outer line less prominent. This line is also in¬
distinct on hindwings. E 35—39 mm. The $ is a monotonous yellow-grey, the pale band is wide and quite in¬
distinct.

L. serrula Gn. (Vol. 2, p. 159). As the illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 25 f is not very natural we are giving

a fresh illustration here (9 e). — The race aegyptiaca Oberth. (9 e) differs by the greyer forewings than the typ- aegyptiaca.

ical serrula and it approaches to palaestinensis Stgr. (Vol. 2, pi. 26 a). In the only pair which I have before me
the pale outer line on forewings of E is very distinct, fainter in the $. Hindwings in both sexes fulvous, a
faint pale line is present which is somewhat more distinct in the E and fainter in the $. — An aberrative $
among palaestinensis is denominated as seileri Stertz (9 g). It was also mentioned in Vol. 2 but we are now seileri.
illustrating same. In it a dark band is also indicated on the hindwings, the marginal area of both wings is
somewhat paler than basal area.

L. bomilcar Oberth. (10 d) is only known to me from a copy of the illustration. It differs on the fore- bomilcar.

wings in the E from serrula as there is no narrow pale line beyond the dark outer line, however there is a pale

Supplementary Volume 2 15

114

LASIOCAMPA. By M. Gaede.

area of 1 — 2 mm width. On underside of fore wings there is a dark patch from the outer line towards the base
and especially above the inner margin. Hindwings are almost as dark on underside as on upperside. According
to Rothschild bomilcar = serrula-undulata Stgr. which was not illustrated in Vol. 2. Lambese. In regard to
bomilcar $ and hamilcar see remarks under davidis.

aucta. L. eversmanni Eversm. (Vol. 2, p. 159, pi. 25 f.). — - The form aucta Krul. (9 f) is newly described. It

was illustrated long ago in a butterfly book of Hoffmann *). Whilst bomilcar only differs very slightly from
serrula and is separated as a species, aucta varies to such an extent that it might even be taken as a form of
trifolii. The B is pale reddish brown on forewings tc the outer line, yellow brown on inner margin and in marginal
area. Hindwings somewhat paler than forewings. The $ is paler on forewings with diffuse dark outer line. Hind-
wings are almost darker than forewings. Sarejita. — The typical form also occurs in Sarepta. Generally the
specimens in the hindwing resemble the illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 25 f, except for the dark band which is normally
absent. The species is distributed as far as Corea. The only good specimen from there before me has a dark
band at base of forewings similar to southern trifolii forms, for instance ratamae H.-Schaff., and the hindwing
is somewhat darker reddish brown than is illustrated on pi. 25 f. and without a band. The other specimen I have
is too worn and rubbed.

hamilcar. L. davidis Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 160, pi. 26 a as palaestinensis). — hamilcar Oberth. B from Lambese so

closely resembles davidis that we are dealing with same here. The B differs from davidis B on forewings by a
somewhat more yellow tone of the ground colour. In the illustration (Vol. 2, pi. 26 a) of davidis the middle
band of hindwings is shown as being too wide and short and the margin too widely dark in comparison to the
single specimen at my disposal. In hamilcar (10 d) the band of hindwings is as narrow as that on the forewings
and there are only small dark spots at the margin. The band of both wings on underside of hamilcar is some¬
what diffuse inwardly. The $ which is designated as bomilcar $ by Oberthur appears to me more probably
to belong to hamilcar. In ground colour it corresponds almost to the davidis $, Vol. 2, pi. 26 a, but the darker
outer line is more distinct on both wings, beyond same there is a space of 2 — 3 mm which is widely pale
schulzi. and the space towards the base is faintly darkened. — schulzi 2 Stertz (9 g) is a somewhat more yellowish form
of davidis $. Except for this yellowish tone the illustration of davidis $ pi. 26 a (3rd fig.) would agree with
same, but the line of forewings is slightly fainter, whilst typical davidis have still a less faint band, same as
is illustrated in eversmanni B, on pi. 25 f. We are now illustrating this form mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 447. - — -
According to Rothschild davidis is the extreme pale form of serrula- palaestinensis and hamilcar the pale form
akbesiana. of serrula-undulata (= bomilcar Oberth.). — - akbesiana Oberth. from Akbes has a very glossy ivory white ground
colour and a sharply prominent white discal spot on forewings. There are no other differences as compared
to davidis.

L. josua Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 160). As in Vol. 2, pi. 26 a another species wras illustrated under this name,
we are giving a correct illustration here (9 f ). — Oberthur did not appear to be quite clear about vaucheri Blach.,
which was already dealt with in Vol. 2, because he later on deemed the specimens illustrated in Lep. Comp. 11,
Fig. 4721 and 4722 to be a trifolii form. It is true that vaucheri B Oberth. shows a less sharp pale band on both
wings than the illustration of vaucheri Blach. and in vaucheri Oberth. In ^ the pale band on hindwings is absent.
However in the collection of Pungeler there are 2 vaucheri $$, clearly from the same brood, of which the one
has a pale band on dark ground on forewings whilst in the other the relationship is reversed viz : the band is
the darker. — - deleta Bothsch. is the same as trifolii-mauretanica Stgr. — Probably it will be ascertained later
that serrula to josua are all only trifolii forms. The small differences in the larvae prove nothing. In Somabrachys
formerly there were an innumerable number of species described with slightly different larvae and then one
day they were all confined to 3 species.

The species of the following groups differ from those of the former ones by the absence of the discal spot
on fore wings and the outer line on both wings. (Subgenus Lambessa Stgr.)

decolorata. L. decolorata King (9 g). According to Rothschild datini Mab. which was dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 160

as a separate species, belongs here. — For the description of decolorata I formerly only had the $ before me.
Stertz describes the B: ground colour of both wings monotonous buff-grey, somewhat olive-grey, slightly
virago, pa Lei' at base. It agrees completely in the colour with the illustration of staudingeri in Vol. 2, pi. 26 b. — - virago
Bothsch. (9 g). The B is grey on both wings, paler than decolorata. The $ has somewhat darker brownish fore-
sordidior. wings than hindwings. Biskra. — sordidior Bothsch. (9 h) from the high plateau in Central Algeria is brownish
grey. Body and inner margin of hindwings ochreous. The $ is cinnamon-brown. Such colour variations are
of little value as everyone sees or describes the colour slightly differently. For instance the B which is sent to
me as sordidior from the Tring Museum is much paler than the specimen winch Stertz has designated decolo¬
rata B, whilst various sordidior in the Pungeler collection are scarcely paler in comparison. We are illustrating
a specimen of these under the name decolorata (9 g). Rothschild does not give a description of the colour of
typical decolorata.

pungeleri. L. piingeleri Stertz (= albescens Bothsch.) (9 f, g) is certainly a different species from decolorata as the

antennae of the B are shorter and the abdomen of the $ longer. Besides this the species is so variable in

*) 1. Edition (1887) PI. 20, Fig. 8.

MACROTHYLACIA; MET AN A STRIA. By M. Gaede.

115

colour that there is every opportunity for new denominations. The type (S') is stated to be orange-yellowish,
which more or less agrees with the specimen kindly sent to me by the Tring Museum as albescens. It varies
from creamy white to brownish yellow and such dark specimens have a shadow-like median band. Hindwings
dusky brown with paler base and fringes. The £ is creamy white, the outer half of hindwings somewhat suf¬
fused with grey-brown. Palestine.

L. staudingeri Baker (Vol. 2, p. 160, pi. 26 b). Besides the typical more or less yellow-grey form from
Batna, Kenchela, there is a race in the Province of Oran (Aflou, Sebdou) in which the d is inclined to cinnamon-
brown. This is named: castaneolavatus Rothsch.

L. siniscalchii Trti. is similar in wing contour to pungeleri (9 f, g). Eorewing of d is pale rusty red and
hindwings slightly paler. Base of both wings and entire body yellowish white. The species can therefore not
be identical with pungeleri, as same has dark hindwings and it also cannot be a decolorata form, as the thorax
is paler than forewings. In the 2 body and forewings have a brownish tinge, hindwings slightly paler. 40—50 mm.
Cyrenaica.

L. vitellius Oberth. This species is only illustrated by Oberthur and not described. Fore wings of d
orange-yellow. Discal spot and marginal area browner. The edge of same runs parallel to outer margin and
is situate much further inwards than is general in Lasiocampa species. This division of colouration is less di¬
stinctly marked on hindwings. On underside also an outer line is present on both wings and the space beyond
same is darker. In other species when basal and marginal areas differ in colour, the margin is paler. Here the
reserve is the case and possibly vitellius should not be classified here. East Thibet. It was already illustrated
in Yol. 2, pi. 56 k, but in consequence of its uncertain classification it was overlooked in the text. In a spec¬
imen ex the collection of Stotzner the dark marginal area is wider than in our illustration and the basal area
of forewings is darker.

7. Genus: Macrothylacia Rmb.

M. rubi L. (Vol. 2, p. 160, pi. 26 c). $ f. pallida Osth. This name has been given to $$ of such pale
ground colour that the light bands merge in same. To judge from the original illustration they do nothing of
the sort, so that the name simply applies to pale specimens. $2 in which the submarginal line is absent and
having the space behind the outer line to margin uniformly pale, have still to be denominated. It should be
mentioned here that a pallida d Tutt was already mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 161. Besides we have a pallida $ Th-
Mieg. in Vol. 2, p. 448 without however a description. It was a stunted pale specimen devoid of any markings
and of 55 mm expanse. — $ f. transfuga Krul. denotes $$ with bright rusty colour of the d and this is nat-
urally very rare. — alfacaria Rbb. is a transition from korbi to bistrigata. Sierra cle Alfacar. It was discussed in
Vol. 2, p. 448. — * The form korbi Grionbg. is dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 160; a sub-form to same is bistrigata Bub.
(9 h). In both sexes it has transverse lines on forewings. The inner one however is distinctly excurved in the
middle, the outer one has its main curve further from costa. According to Schawerda this form is synonymous
with the following digramma-curvi fascia. From the pair in my collection this does not appear to me to be so,
as the ground colour is paler than in curvifascia and fringes of hindwings are not so pale. The shape of the
lines appears to vary in digramma and this cannot therefore be used for a differentiation.

K. digramma Meade- Waldo is held by Rothschild to be a distinct species. The inner line is as in bistri¬
gata, the outer one is excurved at costa, as it is at inner margin, in rubi it is only excurved at inner margin.
The d quite corresponds to the $ which at first only was known, but this is not the reason for specifically sepa¬
rating same from the dimorphous form rubi, but the different course of the lines. It is quite possible that korbi
is also a distinct species. — In Portugal there are two differing races in which the lines of forewings are heavier
and fringes of hindwings quite pale: curvifascia Rothsch. with a dark chocolate-brown $ writh slightly paler
hindwings. The outer line is not undulate, but uniformly excurved. The d has thorax and base of forewings suf¬
fused with yellowish. Hindwings darker than in the $. Cintra. — parallelif ascia Rothsch. (9 h). The $ is even
darker than in the previous form. Both lines are straight and parallel; the outer one is not as broad as in curvi¬
fascia, but broader than in digramma. The d Is quite similar to the thorax and base cf wings are not paler.
Province Algarve.

8. Genus : Metanastria Hbn.

M. subpurpuria Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 161, pi. 26 c). — - flavopurpurea 0. B.-H. (10 d) from Transbaikalia
has both yellow bands of forewings wider than in dieckmanni Graes. from Ussuri. Also inner margin appears
to be somewhat more yellowish.

M. takamukuana Mats, is probably only a form of the preceding. Ground colour reddish brown, only
slightly darker in median area. The inner line very diffuse, like in subpurpurea from inner margin to the spot
in the cell, above same extinct, without yellow marginal spot. The outer line of the same shape as in subpur-

castaneo-

lavatus.

sinis¬

calchii.

vitellius.

■pallida.

transfuga.

bistrigata.

curvifascia.

paralleli-
f ascia.

flavopur¬

purea.

takamu¬

kuana.

116 DIPLURA; CHILENE. By M. Gaede.

jmrea, but continuous. At base of inner margin a few yellow scales. On underside of forewings the outer line is
more vertical to the inner margin, so that it ends further outwards. $ 60 mm. Honsho°

9. Genus: Dijllnra Bmb. (recte Dipluriella Strd. vide Vol. 2, p. 448).

homochroa. D. loti 0. (Vol. 2, p. 162, pi. 26 d). — Of this very variable species the form homochroa Zerny has

been established from a few $$ taken at Algeciras. These specimens are unicoloured dark dusky brown, the
light central lunule being quite absent. A $ ex the Pungeler collection from Lisbon is equally dark, the outer
vemdensis. line is almost obscured, but the central lunule is retained as a dot. — - verneterssis Oberth. from Vernet-les-Bains
differs in the $ from the typical form from Andalusia by the white dusting along the inner edge of the white
line on forewings, so that same appears almost to be double. That also algerienses Baker is only a form of loti,
is quite likely owing to the great variability. In Vol. 2, pi. 26 d a sharp white inner line is indicated in algerienses
whilst in the in the Pungeler collection, it is quite absent. On the other hand the abdomen and hindwings
are blackish. In Vol. 2 in regard to the £ it is stated “discal spot sharply defined, band indistinct.” In my
simulatrix. specimen the band is still just discernible, discal spot is absent. — simulatrix Chret. (sejeira i. 1.) (9 g) resembles
the above mentioned illustration of algeriensis by the presence of the inner line in the but it is purer brown
and the outer line is still more dentate than in algeriensis. The $ resembles the typical 2 by its pale brown
colouration, nevertheless the outer line appears to be slightly bolder.

11. Genus: Chile is a Wkr.

obcrthuri. Ch. oberthiiri Luc. Ground colour of $ milky white. From apex of forewing a yellow-grey line extends

which at first is undulate and at vein 4 is decidedly angulated outwards. Of this nothing is visible on the ori¬
ginal illustration, as there it runs quite straight to % of inner margin. Inside of it a parallel line runs from
approximately vein 6. The area from there to base is more darkly dusted. Hindwings with long white hairs
and daikly dusted at outei margin. The 5 is faintly brownish white with 2 pale brown lines, commencing be¬
fore and behind the apex and extending to centre of inner margin. 32 — 48 mm. Tunis.

hilgerti. Ch. hilgerti Bothsch. (10 b). Body and v/ings milky white without any markings. Forewings with a

slight yellow sheen in their anterior part. In one of the 2 known $ kindly sent me by the Tring Museum, one
can discern an apical line, if one tries, such as occurs more distinctly in the following form. $ 40 mm. At Salali
virgo. (S. Algeria). — virgo Oberth. from El Outaya (Tunis) has the apical line more distinct and it appears to be
larger (50 mm). Scarcely deserving special denomination.

tillonac. Ch. bouillonae Dumont. Forewings of white with slight rosy lustre, ochreous yellow scales at costa.

A somewhat diffuse dusky brown line extends from apex to centre of inner margin, not touching at its extrem¬
ities. It varies in distinctness and sometimes is accompanied by a parallel line outwardly. Hindwings pure
white, veins yellowish. Both wings with ochreous yellow marginal line which is also present on undersides.
I lie entire body white, only the scapulae are rose. I he $ is more impure white, the rose colour also extends
slightly along the veins of wings. 35 — 40 mm. Morocco.

sordida. Ch. sordida Ersch. was dealt with already in Vol. 2, p. 163, pi. 26 e. According to this illustration the

d has turned out too dark in comparison with the specimens in the Pungeler collection. Besides the light
apical line does not exist and in fact the ^ is very similar to the illustration of the However such specimens
cinerascens. as the illustrated $ may of course exist. — cinerascens Oberth. from Transcaspia is much darker, often it is
somewhat dusted with grey in the outer half. Except for the pale line the illustration of the <$ on pi. 26 e corres¬
ponds fairly well with this form. Transcaspia.

hicasi. Ch. lucasi Oberth. has brown ground colour. The bold white apical line is displaced outwardly in centre

of wing. A white oblique streak at disco-cellular. Hindwings somewhat more reddish. $ 38 mm. Figuig (West
Algeria).

malacoso- Ch. malacosomoides Bothsch. Eorewings cinnamon-grey. The inner line double, dentate, the middle one

moidcs. similaily and somewhat brownish on its outer edge; both conjoined on submedian nervure by transverse lines.
The outer line is heavily bent, brown and delicate. Hindwings cinnamon-grey. 32 mm. Haggar (Sahara).

geyri. Ch. geyri Bothsch. Forewings pale grey, densely bestrewn with cinnamon-brown, with white cell spot

and an outer band of dark brown spots. Hindwings yellowish mouse-grey peppered with cinnamon-brown.

The specimens appear to vary, according to the amount of dark dusting in basal area of fore wings. ^ 42 _ 48 mm.

Haggar. Perhaps belonging to the Genus Ergolea , as the outer line consists of spots.

ERGOLEA; SYRASTRENGPSIS; COSMOTRICHE; SELENEPHORA. By M. Gaede.

117

Genus: Ergolea Dumont.

Antennae pectinated in and 2, shorter in $. Eyes small, hairy. Frons with three-cornered plate of
which the point that projects forwards is serrate. On the clypeus there are 5 tufts of hairs that hang over in
front. Palpi short. Legs thickly haired. Fore-tibiae with 2 claws of which the inner one is the longer. On
forewings veins 6 + 7 have short stalks, 9 + 10 are stalked to almost half their length. On hind wings veins
4 and 5 arise from lower angle of cell, 7 + 8 on a long stalk.

E. reneae Dum. Body silvery grey admixed with yellow-red. Eorewings separated from apex to the reneae.
middle of inner margin by a row of brown dots. Inner area fuscous, dusted with brown. Outer area white,
also dusted with brown with rusty red veins. At upper cell end a pale rose spot. Hindwings coloured like the
marginal area of forewings. Basal half up to the anal angle with long light grey hairs. The $ duller, markings
more diffuse. 35 — 41 mm. El Golea (Algeria). — lavaudeni Dum. is a larger form (43—56 mm). Ground colour lavaudeni.
in A and $ is dusky smoky brown, only at base of hindwings of + a little of the rose colour is left. The divid¬
ing line of forewings is darker in the +, but also in $ it is more distinct than in reneae. Colour of body varies
from yellow-grey to blackish. — The larva grows to 40 mm length, it is red with black spots and white hairs.

From the 4th segment these decrease in size towards the end. On dorsum rhomboidal spots which are divided
transversally by a crimson red rectangle, except on the 1st 3 segments. Adjoining same a lateral line of black
spots, decreasing in size posteriorly. It feeds on Caligonum comosum and hides in the day time in the earth.

Genus: Syrastreuopsls Grunbg.

Antennae pectinated in + and 2 to their extremities. Palpi almost as well developed as in Gosmolriche
Hbn. Body as in Epicnaptera Rmb. In forewings veins 6 + 7 are stalked, arising from angle of cell, S near
by, 9 + 10 on long stalk. In hindwings veins 4 and 5 arise from one spot, 8 forms a short accessory cell with
vein 7.

S. moltrechti Grunbg. (10 a). Ground colour of $ red-brown. On forewings there are 2 pronounced dark moltrechti.
transverse lines, both lined on inner side with violet-grey; behind same on centre of marginal area a fainter
line, also with paler edg;e inwards. Hindwings slightly paler at base. The ^ somewhat paler, the light margins
wider, also outer margin is paler. On hindwings the pale base extends to median area. 32 — 45 mm. Tjssuri.

11. Genus: Cosmotrielie Hbn.

G. potatoria L. (Vol. 2, p. 164, pi. 26 1). As this species had been generously favoured with denomi¬
nations in Vol. 2, only a few have been added. — In suffusa Gloss ($) all wings and body are suifused with suffusa.
brownish. Perhaps the same as ab. extrema Tutt. — obscura Gloss ($) is brown-grey with pale yellow basal obscura.
spot on forewixigs and dark grey hindwings, all markings very distinct. Similar to diminuta Tutt, in which
however the hindwing is red-brown. — pallida Splr. denotes pale aberrations with markings more or less grey, pallida.

As the shade of colouration varies considerably, it is not apparent whether these are pale yellow, light brown
or other coloured specimens. — decolor Th.-Mieg. just mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 448, is a pale grey-brown +

C. diversifasciata sp. n. (10 b). Somewhat similar to fossa Sioh. dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 408, pi. 32 e diversi-
and in the somewhat angular shape of the hindwing similar to lidderdalii Drc. (ibid. pi. 32 d). Forewings red- fasciata.
dish brown with indistinct dentate inner line. The cell spot rusty red, a small distinct white accessory spot
above same and nearer costa. From near the apex to the centre of inner margin an almost straight, very clear
black-brown line with paler scales on its inner side. Paler patches before same on costa and below the outer
margin at apex, as well as at anal angle. The dentate submarginal line as in the other species. A diffuse straight
dark baud before the middle, situate further inwards than the light band of fossa. On underside the cell spot
of forewings is slightly reflected through, the bands of both wings diffuse and on paler ground than on upper-
side. $ 55 — 58 mm. Ta-tsien-lu and S. China. Type in the Berlin Museum.

12. Genus: Selenephora Rmb. (Selenephera Stgr.-Rbl.)

S. lunigera E.sp. (Vol. 2, p. 165, pi. 27 a). — The form malchani O. B.-H. (9 h) is grey-black in discal malchani.
area of forewings. Margins are clearcut, white, dentate. The dentate subterminal line is somewhat more distinct
than in typical forms. Hindwings dark dusky brown. S. E. Transbaikalia. — mongolica Gr.-Grsh. has grey- mongolica.
white ground colour to forewings, which are fairly uniformly dusted over with black-brown. Discal area and
inner margin are darker. Also hindwings are darker than in lunigera. Mongolia. — seitzt O. B.-H. is similar seitzi.
to malchani. Marginal lunules of discal band of forewings more distinctly white. The chief difference lies in
the continuous wide brown submarginal line. Hindwings are slightly darker. Ussuri territory. — monbeigi + monbeigi.
form. nov. is about of the same colouration as malchani , but the edges of the discal band are not white but as in

118

KONONIA; SEITZIA; EPICNAPTERA. By M. Gaede.

lunigera. The inner edge of this band projects sharply in the cell in the direction of the cell end. The outer
i dge of the middle band is incised below the costa and then projects in a point; this is more generally the case
in the $ and the point is less pronounced in the q. At inner margin the band is much wider than usual in
the $ on account of the absence of any incurving below median nervure. Submarginal spots as in malcliani.
Abdomen and hindwings as in typical lunigera. Type: 1 $ from Tze-ku in the British Museum.

Genus: Konoiila Mats.

According to the author similar to Trichiuia. Neuration of forewings is not described. In hindwings
veins 7 and 8 form a long fusiform cell, with a spur at base towards the costa. Outer margin of forewings
somewhat undulate.

pinivora. K. pinivora Mats. Forewings grey with brown markings. Subbasal line somewhat diffuse. Discal area

brown with distinct outline. The inner edge obliquely outwards with a dentation inwards below the origin
of vein 2. The outer edge obliquely outward below costa, bent at a right angle at vein 6 and direct in a slightly
undulate line to inner margin. The spot at disco-cellular is white. Submarginal line is wide, diffuse and some¬
what undulate. Hindwings brown with diffuse pale band having a dark edge inwardly. 40 — 47 mm. Hokkaido.
The larva feeds on Pinus pumila. This point establishes the correct classification of the species.

Genus: Seitzia Scriba.

Neuration and wing contour of fore wings similar to Selenephora. Veins 6 + 7 with short, 9 + 10 long-
stalks, vein 8 from anterior angle of cell. Hindwings more like Epicnaptera with 2 incisions on costa. Antennae
of E with very long pectinations.

plumigera. S. plumigera Scriba (9 li). Forewings reddish brown. The inner line dark, delicate, incurved and sharply

dentate. The outer line dark brown with white dots on veins, excurved below the cell and bent rectangularly
at vein 9. Submarginal line undulate, with white edge in the type, bent inwards between veins 4 and 6. The
maigin beyond same whitish from inner margin to vein 5. Hindwings reddish brown. On hindwings there may
or may not be a vertical pale band. Ground colour varies in shade. A very pale red-brown specimen of this
common species is named TaJcanea japonensis Marumo. The discal band of the type projects in the centre out¬
wardly and beyond same there is a broad white spot. In the $ illustrated there is a dark spot on costa and
beyond same a little white. $ 42 mm. Shiobara and Nikko.

lutescens.

jlavescens.

grisea.

pungeleri.

rubicunda.

vens.

aestatis.

rubescens.

albo-

fasciata.

14. Genus: Epicnaptera Rmb.

E. tremulifolia Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 167, pi. 27 b). — The names lutescens Gloss and fulvescens Klem. denote
more yellowish specimens. — Pale yellow-brown specimens are named flavescens Lenz. Similar specimens
with pronounced bands are named fasciata Lenz, with obsolete or absent bands obsoleta Lenz and with heavy
giey maigin gi isescens Lenz. The latter form is a transition to grisea Hof jin.'. ££^ almost grey, especially on
abdomen and at margins of wings.” — pungeleri Schaw. is a 2nd generation in Bosnia. The is very faintly
marked having a pale red-brown ground colour. The outer margin of forewings is reddish grey to almost milky
white and on hindwings the median band and anal angle are of the same colour. — Among these specimens
there was 1 q of almost red ground colour on fore wings with punctiform median and almost obsolescent outer
band, hindwings and body red-brown: rubicunda Schaw. — pungeleri is somewhat like suberifolia. Similar speci¬
men.-) from Hungary have hitherto been erroneously (Vol. 2, p. 167) designated ambigua Stgr. The genuine
ambigua (10 e) is now being illustrated. — Both the possible hybrids have been reared with ilicifolia L. tremuli-
folia o X ilicifolia $ = veris Lenz of which only the $ is known. Forewing only varies from that of tremuli-
folia by the darker grey apical area. Hindwing is very dark and the narrow pale band, inherited from ilicifolia,
is well pronounced. Underside in colouration and marking more like ilicifolia. — The reverse cross is named
aestatis Brack. The S resembles ilicifolia in colouration, but in marking it is more like tremulijolia. Body is
yellow-red. The light discal spot of forewings is absent, the whitish grey patches are darker than Usually in
ilicifolia. On hindwings the whitish median band is diffuse and thereby it resembles that of tremulijolia. Also
on underside the moth resembles ilicifolia in colouration whilst the markings are those of tremulijolia.

E. suberifolia Dup. (Vol. 2, p. 167, pi. 27 c). The normal form is yellow-grey. — rubescens Ebb. denotes
a reddish form, which resembles tremulifolia in colouration. The shade of colour of our illustration of suberi¬
folia on pi. 27 c is midway between the two forms.

E. albofasciata 0. B.-H. (10 a) approximately agrees in point of ground colour with tremulifolia, in
marking with ambigua (10 e). In front of the outer row of dots there is a narrow fairly sharply defined light
band, behind same only the area at anal angle is slightly paler. On hindwings the red-brown margin contrasts
i ather more definitely with the pale median band and inwards of same there is a narrow dark transverse line which
is clearer than in specimens of tremulifolia from Hungary or ambigua from Asia. $ 33 mm. Ili, Kuldja.

GASTROPACHA; ODONESTIS; DENDROLIMUS. By M. Gaede.

119

Of the two species already discussed in Vol. 2, p. 167: glasunovi Gr.-Grsh. and (dice John we are now
giving illustrations, alice on pi. 49 b does not give the true shade of colour and just in the colour there is the
essential difference between alice (10 b) and glasunovi (10 b). The $ of alice is more red-brown and larger
than the <$.

15. Genus : Oastropacha 0.

G. quercifolia L. (Vol. 2, p. 168, pi. 27 d, e). — A hybrid johni Frings from a crossbreed of quercifolia johni.
d X populifolia $ was bred, which is a midway form between the parent forms. The ground colour is a mix¬
ture of the brownish quercifolia and the reddish populifolia colours. There are scarcely any traces of an inherited
bluish sheen of quercifolia There is also little darkening on costa of forewings whilst however the dark
longitudinal line on thorax is present such as always occurs in populifolia. The transverse lines of forewings
are occasionally more like populifolia and again like quercifolia. On hindwings the median band is distinct
and narrow as in populifolia, whilst in (quercifolia it is wider and more diffuse. The two dark shadow like bands
extend only to the centre of wing.

G. populifolia Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 169, pi. 27 c, d). From the neighbourhood of Berlin one occasionally
gets reddish orange-yellow specimens which are much paler than normal and with very faint markings. They
are named lutea Gloss. lutea.

G. coreana Mats. Somewhat resembles quercifolia, but it is not stated in what particular it differs from coreana.
populifolia, so that this description does not help us much. The slight dentations of margin are more like populi¬
folia. Ground colour of both wings is violet brown, slightly grey at margin. The inner and outer lines of fore¬
wings single, as in quercifolia. The much interrupted submarginal line is more like that of populifolia. Hind-
wings broadly golden yellow at base and costa with a narrow clearly outlined median line and a wider diffuse
band beyond same. On underside of forewings an angulated dark brown median band and on hindwings an
arched central band and a straight outer one. 70 — 90 mm. Corea.

17. Genus: Ocloiiestis Germ.

0. pruni L. (Vol. 2, p. 170, pi. 27 f). — vulpecula DM. are extremely poorly marked specimens of this vulpecula.
otherwise little variable species. The inner line is quite absent, the outer one very delicate. — ambitiosa DM. amhitiosa.
denotes the opposite, with normally heavy lines, the space between the outer one to the submarginal line is
adumbrated with blue-grey scales. Similarly the margin to a light stripe behind the submarginal line. In this
form also the hindwings have a distinct dark median band besides the outer one usually present. — In the south
Ussuri territory and in Corea the race rufescens Kard. (10 c) is distinctly darker red. The inner line is angul- rufescens.
ated below the costa and is straighter, this characteristic however does not always occur.

18. Genus: Deiiclrolisims Germ.

On account of the great similarity and variability of the separate species it seems appropriate to repro¬
duce a table drawn up by Matsumttra.

1. $ The 2 lowermost spots of submarginal row, oblique, not parallel to outer margin . . 2.

— These 2 spots are situate vertically and almost parallel to outer margin . 3.

2. All lines on forewings close together . punctatus.

— All lines on forewings widely separated . segregates.

3. Apical pectinations of antennae almost as long as thickness of shaft of antennae . . pini.

— - These pectinations are longer than the thickness of shaft of antennae . 4.

4. The pectinations are deep black . albolineatus.

— The pectinations are brown to yellow-brown . 5.

5. The outer line double. The distance between outer and inner lines always further than

to the submarginal line . sibiricus.

— Outer line not double. The 3 lines named about equidistant . 6.

6. Outer margin of forewings somewhat undulate. Expanse 90 — 100 mm . superans.

— Outer margin straight. Expanse 60 — 90 mm . jezoensis.

Such a table can only be a general indication. It is impossible to fit all sub-forms into it, for instance
superans is said to have a single outer line. Matsumttra however illustrates a superans-dolosa with a double line.

D. pini L. (Vol. 2, p. 171, pi. 28 a). The profusion and variability of this species has brought an inund¬
ation of names. The 1st 12 forms dealt with here have been denominated by Ivramlinger and Kohler and
we are making use here of their designations for the wing areas. Basal area expands from base to the inner
line. Inner band lies between middle line and inner line, middle band from middle line to outer line, outer band

120

DENDROLIMUS. By M. Gaede.

flavofas- beyond same to the margin. — flavofasciatus has middle band golden yellow, according to the original illu-
albofas- stra^on ^ is §rey heavily bestrewn with yellow-brown scales. — albofasciatus has whitish inner band and base,
ciahis. the “dark" middle band is light brown. — nigrofasciatus has a blackish inner band, base and outer band are
nigrofas- also relatively dark, but appear lighter owing to white dusting. — fischeri has marginal band deep dark brown
jischeri. narrow hut heavy white inner edge and further to the base, slightly less dark than margin. — bilineatus
Mlineatus. has a double middle line, so that in accordance with the precedent created by Ttitt, one can create a number
duylo- of double names, with the addition of bilineatus, as this variety can occur in all forms of colour. — duplolineatus
1 meatus. pas inner line double, this is less common. Inversely it is often absent in the $, but no name has yet been
fuscus. given for this. — fuscus is completely blackish brown with striking white discal spot, the outer line is indicated
by pale scales, all others have disappeared. — I have 2 <$$ from Berlin with completely black forewings and
extinct white discal spot : therefore an extreme form of fuscus. Another $ is pale reel-brown, similarly devoid
of markings, but with white discal spot of normal size and possibly not identical with unicolor -hr unnea Rbl.
brunneus. Both forms are not yet named. — brunneus is the opposite extreme of unicolor -hr unnea PM. ; in same there is not
only a monotonous red-brown ground colour, but all transverse lines are sharply marked in dark brown. —
jantUnus. jauthinus has violet-brown dark ground colour on both wings. Fore wings, with the exception of the marginal
pseudo- area, bestrewn with yellow scales; on the original illustration they appeal' somewhat rose. — - pseudomontanus
moutanus. pas COarsely scaled white forewings. The lines may be present or absent; if the outer one is very heavy, one
has externofasciata Grunbg. already described in Vol. 2, also albofasciatus will scarcely be different, grisescens
subtilis- Rbl. is only slightly more yellow-grey. — subtilis-squamatus denotes small specimens of all marking and colour
S<pernedeH. Yar^e^es> the scales of which in consequence of their small size, appear soft and velvet-like. — pemederi wrhen
completely developed, shows a merging of the inner and middle lines by bars on the submedian fold, behind
impunc- the cell and on costa. A merging of the lines at the last named spot is more common. — In impunctatus the
tutus. paie discal spot on forewings is quite absent. Transitions to this and the previous form are frequent. — Gloss
has named the following forms : diluta. In this the transverse lines of forewing are absent, except for the outer
one. This is merely a transition to externofasciata Grunbg. — cana and albescens Gloss are approximately the same
as grisescens Rbl. ; intermedia is about the same as flavofasciatus. pallida scarcely varies from unicolor-grisescens
confluxa. Grunbg. — In comfluxa “both” the red-brown areas are confluent. — mulleri is dark grey-black with transverse
albostriata. ^nes plained. albostriata is pale reddish grey with sharply dark lines. In the outermost band (marginal
band ?) and at edge of basal area with heavy white markings. — trilineata is no doubt the same as bilineatus.
fusca Meves seems to be identical with fuscus Kraml. ; one cannot assert this definitely, because the author
formosa. mentions nothing about the marginal area. — fermosa Meves has basal and middle areas ashy grey. Inside
Isabella, of the black subterminal line there are large white or grey-white sagittate marks. — - In isabella $ Meves all
wings are bay coloured, somewhat darker at base, occasionally dusted with grey at margin. The two trans-
castanea. verse lines slightly darker, the white discal spot present. — - castanea Pel do & Sterzl has red-brown forewings.

The inner and middle lines are missing, the outer one may be present as in externofasciata. The basal half is
sometimes suffused with dark grey, the dark grey margin eonstrasts sharply. The discal spot may be absent.
iberica. — iberica Schaw. the form from S. Spain is mouse-grey, only between the middle and outer lines it is pale
brownish grey. All transverse lines are faintly developed, the white spot only small. Single specimens also

corsaria. resemble unicolor-brunnea Rbl. Unfortunately of this and the following race only the SS are known. _ corsaria

Schaw. is the new race from Corsica, the larvae feed on Pinus laricio. The £$ have a wing expanse of 65 — 77 mm
and are therefore very large. Ground colour of forewings is pale bluish white-grey, only the area between the
middle and outer transverse bands being pale grey-brown. The middle band has sharper dentations. The pro¬
jection of the band below the centre of the wing forms a very strongly projecting dentation. The outer band
is punctiiorm and deep black. All specimens, so far only <§<$, resemble one another closely. Finally we mention
ecksteini. 3 forms denominated by Kkattsse : ecksteini is similar to unicolorbrunnea Rbl. and quite red brown, it differs
from same however by much deeper markings in a dark red-brown tone. — The common form in which the
wolffi. basal area, middle area and bands are reel-brown whilst the marginal area is grey, is named wolffi. — If in the
strandi. latter form the costa of the forewings is widely grey to the extent of 2 — 3 mm it is named strandi.

D. sibiricus Tschetv. (Vol. 2, p. 172) (10 c). We are now illustrating a specimen from the Urals of this

species.

D. albolineatus Mats. The species was originally described as a form of sibiricus, later it was ascertained
that it is a distinct species and so similar to jezoensis Mats, (vide below), that one can only certainly differen¬
tiate same by the genitalia and the larvae. Therefore we refer here to the classification table on p. 119. — All
jusco- the forms of this species mentioned here are named by Matsumitra. — fuscolatifascia $ has the space be-
latifascia. tween the inner and outer line on forewings coloured black-brown. Between the outer and the submarginal lines
nigri- the brown spots are absent. — nigribasalis <S is black-brown from base to the inner line, however with a few
basalts. grey- v bite scales. From the inner to the outer line everything is grey-white. Marginal area not described

Pull. 24.111. 1932.

DENDROLIMUS. By M. Gaede.

121

albida has base of wings whitish with dark brown discal spot. Heavily dusted with black-brown between
inner and outer lines, so that the name appears misleading. — brumieo-pallida <$ has yellowish brown forewings
and dark lines. The submarginal line is not interrupted as usual. — - frequens have pale grey-brown ground
colour with black transverse lines. The cell spot is situate in the inner line. Marginal area black-brown with a
brown band in the centre between the outer and the sub marginal lines. — tomaiensis £ has whitish grey forewings
with 3 black-brown bands about equidistant from one another. Underside brownish grey with wide dark band
on both wings. — kiminensis has white forewings with admixture of olive. Central spot is situate inside of the
inner line, which is angulatecl at lower wall of cell. Outer line is undulate, narrow posteriorly. — - nigrescens
have dark brown forewings. Transverse lines are darker but not wider than usual. Behind the outer line paler
brown, palest at inner margin and before the submarginal line. — kurilensis (J?, forewings dark brown. The inner
line black with wide white edge inwardly and obsolescent discal spot therein. Outer line black, heavily dentate
with narrow white edge outwardly. Dark submarginal line indistinct with white edge inwardly below apex and
below centre. — centropallida <$, forewings yellowish brown with black transverse lines and black inner margin
at base. The inner line very wide covering the cell spot. Outer line double, not dentate, the outer of the two
lines fainter. Submarginal line is said to be interrupted, but this is not the case in the illustration. It has a
white inner edge. Space between inner and outer lines is palest. — submarginata S', forewings dark brown with
black lines. The inner and outer lines as in pini-pernederi, the outer one slightly edged with white outwardly,
submarginal line with white inwardly. Area in front of same yellow-brown. — albata S' $, forewings grey with
black transverse lines. The outer line with white edge outwardly, more widely so at costa. Submarginal line
black and wide with white inner edge. — iehinosawana S'?, forewings black-brown with black lines. White inner
edges to the inner and submarginal lines, whilst the outer line is edged with white outwardly. Discal spot is
prominent. Dark brown between the outer and submarginal lines. — centro-zonalis-S', forewings yellow-brown,
lines black-brown. The inner line is situate further outwardly than usual and together with the outer line forms
the edging to a somewhat darker narrow central band, which has pale edges. Central spot is isolated as it is
closer to base. The sub marginal line is interrupted, somewhat wider at inner margin. — All these emanate from
Saghalin and the Kurile Islands. Should such a sub-division ever be made for specimens from the Urals and
inner Asia science may be favoured with many new denominations.

D. superans Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 172, pi. 28 b). x411 the new forms are described by Matsumura: — conco-
lorata ? has yellowish brown forewings with silky gloss and without transverse lines. Central spot is indistinct.
— scribae <$ has reddish brown forewings with wide grey-brown median band which is edged by the diffuse
dark brown inner and outer lines. On Matsttmura’ s illustration the outer one is very sharply outlined. Beyond
same the colour is rusty red and the submarginal line is very diffuse. Cell spot is grey-white.

«.

D. jezoensis Mats. Ground colour varies considerably, from grey to buff, reddish brown and dark
brown. As compared to the similar superans the differences are as follows : on forewings the inner line commences
vertically to costa, at lower wall of cell it runs obliquely inwards, bending over the submedian fold and extending
vertically to inner margin. Vein 9 terminates in the costa, not at apex. The species is common in Hokkaido,
but rare in Honsho (Japan). 66 — 84 mm. — All the following forms have been named by Matsumura. brun-
neata d, ? are pale buff; inner and outer lines, as well as margin are reddish brown; submarginal line is black
with paler yellow edge inwardly. — nigrofasciata $ ? are very similar, but all lines are black and cell spot is indis¬
tinct. — tenuilinea $ differs from the former form by very narrow inner and outer lines. Cell spot yellowish
brown and indistinct. — obsoleta has dark brownish yellow forewings with somewhat darker lines. Cell spot
as in tenuilinea. — pallescens <$ similar to brunneata. Forewings yellowish, transverse lines pale brown, the
inner and submarginal lines with white edges inwardly, outer line with same outwardly. — nohirae J , forewings
pale buff, cell spot silvery white, all transverse lines black with undulate line between outer and submarginal
lines. Hindwings with indication of 2 dark brown bands. — isshikii is similar, but forewings are dull brown,
outer line wide, submarginal line not very distinct. On underside both wings have a dark central band. —
olivacea y? have grey forewings with faint suffusion of olive brown. Both lines darker. The space between the
outer and submarginal lines buff, submarginal line with wide white edge outwardly. An additional buff spot in
centre of the normal cell spot. — infuscata has dark brown forewings with indistinct transverse lines. In
centre a wide grey-brown band with silky gloss. Submarginal line somewhat darker. Accessory cell spot and
3 spots behind the outer line reddish brown. — aino $ differs from infuscata by the distinct transverse lines.
Space between outer and submarginal lines is reddish brown. The grey-brown median band is absent. — albo-
fascia $ resembles aino, but the central band is white. — fusilineata $ has grey forewings. A long fusiform dark
brown streak in cell having a white spot in centre. Below same a black-brown streak parallel to median nervure.
Outer line indistinct towards inner margin, edged outwardly with white. Marginal area widely dark brown. -
According to Matsumura the forms dolosa, zonata and fentoni dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 173 under segregates,
should be placed with superans , as spectabilis ( segregates ) is never so large as these forms, cinerea and bijascia
are correctly classified.

Supplementary Volume 2

albida.

brunneo-

pallida.

frequens.

tomaiensis.

kiminensis.

nigrescens.

kurilensis.

centro¬

pallida.

submar¬

ginata.

albata.

ichinosa-

wana.

ceniro-

zonalis.

concolo-

rata.

scribae.

jezoensis.

brunneata.

nigro¬

fasciata.

tenuilinea.

obsoleta.

pallescens.

nohirae.

isshikii.

olivacea.

infuscata.

aino.

albofascia.

fusilineata.

16

122

DENDROLIMUS. By M. Gaede.

D. segregatus Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 172, pi. 28 b). Also here a large number of forms has been newly described
by Matsttmura. He considers segregatus to be only a sub-form of the species spectabilis Btlr., which in Vol. 2,
p. 172 was dealt with as a form of super ans. Colour of forewings varies from grey- white to dark brown, trans¬
verse lines can be quite absent. The only certain characteristic is that the 2 lowest submarginal spots are always
juscofastia. situate obliquely. Antennae of $ have distinctly shorter pectinations than super arts and jezoensis. — fusco-
fascia Mats, has buff forewings, transverse lines very indistinct, submarginal line wide, black-brown with delicate
lateriiia. white edge outwardly. Margin widely grey. Cell spot small, grey. Hindwings paler. — lateritia (J9, forewings
yellow-red. Inner and outer lines white, intermediate ground colour darker. Submarginal line dark brown
nigro- with white edge inwardly. Cell spot white and small. Margin widely grey-brown. — nigrolineata fore wings

hrienul Srey-white> fines black. Not brown between the outer and submarginal lines. — tenuifascia 3, forewings
fascia, brown with gold glossy sheen. Cell spot small, transverse lines absent. With wide violet-brown central band,
latifascia. which is constricted above the inner margin. Hindwings more reddish than forewings. — In latifascia 3 the
violet-brown central band is wider, submarginal line black-brown, indistinct, consisting of spots, with golden
hyadn- sheen anteriorly to outer line. — hyacinthina 3> forewings hyacinth red without transverse lines, in certain
}jg}q, discal area is darker. Underside without bands. — alboniarginata $ is similar to bifascia Grunbg. but margin
marainata. more widely grey- white (abt. %rd of length of wing), sub marginal line indistinct. From same to outer line pale
griseo- brown. Outer line sharply dentate. — griseomarginalis $ is also similar to bifascia. Margin widely whitish grey
margmalis with violet tone. Inner line obsolete, anteriorly to same a small cell spot. Submarginal line with delicate white
tokyonis. edge. — tokyoiiis 3, forewings reddish brown. Inner and outer lines dark brown. The submarginal dark row
of spots with white edges outwardly. Between same and outer line the colour is paler than ground colour. —
hiroshi- hiroshimana 3, fore wings buff, inner and outer lines whitish, intermediate space being pale brown. Submarginal
i uwn“s roW SP°^S black-brown. From same to outer margin, dark brown as hindwings. — kononis 3, forewings
with black-brown patch on costa at base, then reddish brown to inner line. Inner and outer lines white, the
intermediate space being dark grey, edged inwardly by an arched, outwardly by a dentate black-brown line.
The submarginal row of spots extinct, of same shade as margin (how, is not said). From same to outer line
shakojiana. reddish brown. — shakojiana A, similar to tricolor (vide below) varying by the absence of the white outer line.
scribae. — scribae $ according to its author, is closely related to nigrolineata, but the ground colour is dark brown
instead of grey-white, inner and outer lines are white instead of black, only the submarginal row of spots is black
ryuzana. with white edges inwardly. — ryuzana $, forewings dark brown with grey-white scales. A wide black-brown
spot outwardly of cell spot, which expands towards costa. According to the illustration a narrow dark band
extends obliquely inwards from centre of costa, it just embraces the cell spot with its inner edge and touches
the base of wing whilst its outer edge ends %rd of the length of the wing outwardly. Then follows a black spot
with white edge at about the centre of inner margin. Submarginal row of spots black with white edges inwardly.
ferruginea. — fetTUginea §, forewings rusty red. Outer line white, undulate, extinct towards costa. From same to sub-
marginal line paler. The latter black with white edge inwardly. Marginal area widely black-brown with white
fallax. scales. — fallax 3, all lines extinct, ground colour dark brown, reddish brown inwardly of the dark submarginal
coreana. spots to the outer line. — coreana 3, is similar to kononis but the central area is dark brown, the submarginal
tricolor, row of spots is black-brown with white outer edge. — tricolor 3, dark brown. The outer line whitish, submarginal
row of spots black. The intermediate space and the basal % rd are reddish brown.

sagittifera. D. sagittifera sp. n. (10 c). The general impression is like segregatus. Thorax of 3 grey. Forewings

dark brown. Cell spot distinct, white. Both lines black and dentate with grey white edges on averted
sides. The inner one at the level of the cell spot, being further transposed from same than in segregatus, the
outer one more incurved below median nervure and approximating to the inner line in contrast to segregatus,
where it is rather inclined to bend outwards. The central area between the lines is grey. The black submarginal
line heavily dentate, angulated outwards at vein 4 and inwards above and below vein 3, forming a “W” and
almost touching the outer line. Abdomen and hindwings red-brown. Thorax of $ also red-brown, only the
patagia are grey. Markings much more diffuse, especially the inner line is scarcely discernible. 3 72, $ 90 mm.
Ta-tsien-lu. Type in the British Museum. — A smaller 3 (58 mm) from Tze-ku shows base and central area
of wings uniformly grey-brown. The dentations of the heavy submarginal line almost touch the outer line, also
below vein 3, marginal area is more grey. A $, also from Tze-ku, captured in a different year, is unicoloured
dark grey-brown, small (66 mm). The outer line is only distinct at inner margin, submarginal line is finer and
more distinct than in typical 3-

punctata. B. punctata (10 d) Wkr. This species was already dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 173, pi. 28 d. A pair from

Ta-tisen-lu in the British Museum and which I mention here, has the inner line of forewings as illustrated on
pi. 28 d, but same is double and the white cell spot is between the two lines. The shape of the dark outer line
and the very slightly undulate submarginal line are as in our illustration but the central and marginal areas
are paler, basal area and the area beyond the outer line are darker. A diffuse dark band is discernible in the
paler hindwings of 3 and 9, basal area is paler. As the distribution of colours does vary from that shown on
pi. 28 d, we are giving a further illustration here. A fresh denomination appears unnecessary.

PACHYPASA; PARALEBEDA; TARA GAMA. By M. Gaede.

123

D. angulata sp. n. (10 e) is similar to the previous species in its brown to dark rusty brown ground colour, angulata.
The inner line is also double. The inner more indistinct branch is angulated to cell spot, the outer one similarly
boldly angulated outwards at the same spot but incurved lower down below veins 2 and 3. The outer dark Jine is
more distinct than is illustrated in punctata, in regular curvature, parallel to the outer margin. The very indis¬
tinct black submarginal spots are situate further outwards and at inner margin do not approach the outer
line. Hindwings red-brown suffused with rose. <$ 55 mm. Tze-ku. Type in the British Museum. An equally
large <$, also from Tze-ku, has forewings and thorax rather heavily suffused with reddish, the outer line is more
distinctly incurved at costa, the inner line and cell spot are scarcely discernible.

In addition 2 species from Indian territory may be described here :

D. burmensis sp. n. Thorax and forewings of uniformly dark red-brown. Cell spot white, delicate but burmensis.
clear. An inner line is not visible. The outer line is pale yellow, slightly dentate, obliquely outwards from costa,
being sharply bent at vein 7, then parallel to outer margin and below median nervure vertically to inner margin.

The rather indistinct submarginal line is blackish, the space beyond same being very dark, anteriorly however
it is pale red-brown. It is curved inwards between veins 4 and 5 and is densely dusted with whitish outwardly
just over the inner margin. The pale buff centre of inner margin is striking. Hindwings almost black. S 60 mm.

Upper Burma (8000' altitude). A ($ 90 mm) from the Karen Hills is classified here on account of the pale patch
on inner margin and in spite of the considerable disparity in the size. Ground colour is black-brown, the delicate
cell spot and the shape of the outer line, as in the $. The black submarginal line is more distinct with an increase
in the white dusting at inner margin. Hindwings rather less dark than in <$, a band of white scales from apex
to anal angle, which expands and becomes more distinct at its extremities.

D. biundulata sp. n. (10 c). Thorax and forewings of $ dark reddish brown, an inner line and cell spot biundulata.
are not discernible. Outer line very delicate, white, slightly undulate and slightly incurved at vein 5 and at
submedian fold, approximately parallel to the outer margin, only curving inwards rather more at costa. The
grey-white submarginal line merges with the marginal area which is of the same shade, 2 dentations extend
inwards above and below vein 4, but they do not extend to the outer line. Above and below widely excurved.

Abdomen and hindwings suffused with rose, as in angulata. 52 mm. Wei si (Yunnan). The $ from Tien
tsuen that probably belongs hereto is only slightly larger (56 mm). Ground colour uniformly dark brown. There
is a small white cell spot and behind same an indistinct grey-white inner line formed similarly to that of angulata.

The outer line as in the <§, submarginal line somewhat more dentate. On the inner side the edges of the two
convexities are brownish yellow with a few white scales. Abdomen and hindwings paler reddish brown. The
antennae of the $ more heavily pectinated.

D. alfierii Andr. <T Seitz (10 d). This species is very like bufo Led. (Vol. 2, p. 173, pi. 28 f). Ground alfierii.
colour is sandy yellow-grey with small pale central spot. Except for a few dark dots near the anal angle,
forewings are devoid of markings. The 2 pale bands on forewings which are just discernible in bufo are absent
here, similarly the dark dusting in centre of wings. Also the greater part of the black submarginal spots is
absent. 40 mm. Heluan. Larvae are also very similar to those of bufo.

19. Genus: Pacliypasa Wlcr.

P. lineosa Vill. (Vol. 2, p. 174, pi. 28 f) also named limosa. — powelli Oberth. (10 e) has very brownish powelli.
forewings, also the pale radial streak is not so whitish as in typical form. Hindwing is pale red-brown. Aflou,
Guelt-es-Stel (Algeria). — intermedia Rothsch. (10 e) is a transition form. Eorewings are not so silvery grey intermedia.
as typical, but grey-brown, radial streak is normal. Hindwings much paler brown than in powelli, but not
grey-brown as the type. From around the town of Algiers.

21. Genus: Paralebetla Auriv.

P. plagifera Wlk. The main indian form is illustrated in Vol. 2, pi. 30 d. — We are now illustrating the
palaearctic form: femorata Men. (10 f) which was described in Vol. 2, p. 175. femorata.

22. Genus: Varagama Moore.

T. repanda Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 175, pi. 29 a). — ■ roseoclara $ Schaw. denotes a pale rose-brown specimen roseoclara.
among typical forms from Cadiz. A delicate roseate hue covers the fore wings, also the patagia are rose whilst the
rest of the thorax is grey. Abdomen and base of hindwings pale yellowish, similarly the traces of the transverse
lines. The specimen is probably similar to aegyptiaca 0. B.-Haas. — Whilst the algerian form corresponds to
those typical of S. Spain, very dusky SS occur at Tangiers and other coastal localities. The large patch on

124

BHIMA. By M. Gaede.

forewings is black-brown and not red-brown. In the only specimen before me the outer white line is delicate but
distinct. It extends straight to the costa, whilst in repanda and aegyptiaca it is incurved immediately at the
tcnebrosa. costa: tetiebrosa Rothsch. (10 e).

fainac. T. fainae Geras. In the wing contour the species more closely resembles the Lemonia species, as however

I have no specimen before me, it is no use prognosticating. Body is pale grey. Forewings brownish, anteriorly
grey, central area darker and edged by 2 white lines. The inner one commencing at 3/5ths of costa extending
slightly outwards to median nervure, along same to origin of vein 2, then vertically to the centre of inner margin.
'Fhe outer line commences at 4/5t,hs of costa, thence vertically towards inner margin to vein 3, then horizontally
inwards and vertically to %rds of inner margin. Hindwings similarly coloured to forewings, with extinct pale
outer band; base and inner margin impure white. 40 mm. Chiva.

23. Genus : ISliima Moore

B.eximia Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 177, pi. 29 d). The description in Vol. 2 was not quite comprehensible in
consequence of the poor original illustration from Oberthur. Inner and outer lines of forewings are double,
they are yellowish white and rather indistinct. The undulate submarginal line has 3 dentations pointing in-
laf™r- war(ls. latimarginata subsp. nov. (10 b) from Ta-tsien-lu has slight dark shading at inner margin of hindwings,
ljnia a- the outer margin is widely blackish with black projections along the veins. Type in the British Museum.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of Lasiocampidae enumerated.

* signifies that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

aavasaksae Er. Teich Stett. Ent. Ztg. 42, p. 187.
aegyptiaca Las. Oberth. Et L4p. Comp. 12, p. 327.
aestatis Epic. Prack Entom. Zeitschr. 33, p. 61.
aino Dendr. Mats. Tlious. Ins. Add. 4, p. 916. *
akbesiana Las. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 339.
albata Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 18, p. 10. *
albida Dendr. Mats. Thous. Insect. Add. 4, p. 919. *
albofascia Dendr. Mats. Thous. Insect. Add. 4, p. 916. *
albofasciatus Dendr. Kramlg. A Kohl. Monogr. p. 6. *
albolasciata Epic. O. B.-Haas Horae Macr. 1, p. 78. *
albolineatus Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 918. *
albomarginata Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 924.
albostriata Dendr. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 14, p. 108.
alfierii Las. And. A Seitz Senckenbergiana, 7, p. 56.
ambitiosa Odon. Dhl. Entom. Zeitschr. 39, p. 116.
angulata Dendr. Gaede in Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 123.
aucta Las. Krul. Societ. Entom. 21, p. 50.
amiflua Er. Schaw. Z. oestr. Ent. Ver. 14, p. 105.

bajuvarica Poec. Stich. Ztsclir. wiss. Ins. -Biol. 14, p. 198. *
bicolor Mai. Sibille Lambill. 27, p. 74.
bilinea Las. Hartig Ent. Rundsch. 41, p. 45.
bilineal us Dendr. Kramlg. & Kohl. Monogr., p. 7. *
bistrigata Macr. Bab. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ctes. 73, p. (24).
biundulata Dendr. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 123.
bomilcar Las. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 11, f. 4718. *
bouillonae Chil. Dumont Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1930, p. 249.
brunneata Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 913. *
brimneo-olivacea Mai. Rothsch. Xovit. Zool. 24, p. 361.
brunneo-pallida Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 920. *
brunneus Dendr. Kramlg. & Kohl. Monogr., p. 7.
burmensis Dendr. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 123.

caecopunctata Las. Rbl. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 64, p. (177).
calabrica Mai. S/d. Iris 35, p. 31.

calberlae Poec. ( Ragusa i. 1.) Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2,
p. 112.

caradjae Mai. Stdfss. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 45, p. 195.
castanea Dendr. Peklo & Sterzl, Zeitschr. Naturb. u. Sarnm.

2, p. 2. *

castaneolavatus Las. Rothsch. Xovit. Zool. 21, p. 314.

catacoides Er. Strd. Suppl. Ent. 4, p. 11.

centropallida Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18,

p. 10. *

centrozonalis Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. 18, p. 10. *

cinerascens Chil. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 341.
cinnamomea Mai. Trti, & Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 43, p. 172.
concolorata Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 912. * j/i
confluxa Dendr. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 14, p. 107.
coreana Gastr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 19, p. 22. *
coreana Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 19. *
corsaria Dendr. Schaw. Iris 40, p. 149.
costipuncta Mai. Closs Suppl. Ent. 6, p. 19.
curvifascia Mar. Rothsch. Xovit. Zool. 24, p. 453.

daddi Las. Heinrich D. Ent. Zeitschr. 1923, Beih. p. 71.
daisensis Er. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 19. p. 22. . j

designata Mai. Aigner Ann. Mus. Hung. 4. p. 519.
devittata Las. Trti. Atti Soc. It. Sc. Xat. 62, p. 45.
diversifasciata Cosm. Gaede Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 117.
doriai Las. Rocci & Trti. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 50, p.359.
duplolineatus Dendr. Kramlg. & Kolil. Monogr. p. 7. *

ecksteini Dendr. Krausse Arch. Xaturg. 83 A 6 (1919), p. 55.

fainae Tar. Geras. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 21, p. 58. *
fallax Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 19. *
fasciata Mai. Closs Suppl. Ent. 6, p. 19.
ferruginea Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. IS, p. 19.
flavescens Epic. Lens Osth. Schmett. S. -Bayern 2, p. 211.
flavofasciatus Dendr. Kramlg. & Kohl. Monogr., p. 7.
flavopurpurea Met. O. B.-Haas Horae Macr. 1, p. 77.
formosa Dendr. Meves Ent. Tidskr. 35, p. 40.
frequens Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 10. *
fuscofascia Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 921. *
fuscolatifascia Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 919. *
fuscus Dendr. Kramlg. & Kohl. Monogr., p. 7.
fusilineata Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 917. *

geyri Chil. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist. (8) 16, p. 249.
gbtschmanin Chondr. Stertz Iris 29, p. 126. *
grisea Epic. Hoffmann Mitt. Xat. Ver. Steierm. 51, p. 306.
griseomarginalis Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 17.

kalopliila Mai. Std. Iris 29, p. 28.

hamilcar Las. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 11, f. 4719. *

liastifera Las. Std. Entoraol. Anz. 5, p. 50.

kilgerti Chil. Rothsch. Xovit. Zool. 20, p. 119.

hiroshimana Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. IS,

p. 18. *

Register of original descriptions of palaearctic Lasiocampidae.

125

homochroa Dipl. Zerny Iris 41, p. 102.

kyacintkina Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 923. *

iberica Dendr. Schaw. Ztschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 87.
ickinosawana Dendr. Mats. .lourn. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 10.
impunctatus Dendr. Kramlg. & Kohl. Monogr., p. 7. *
infuscata Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 916. *
intacta Chondr. Pngl. i. 1. Gaede in Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2,

p. 110.

intermedia Pach. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 24, p. 370.
interrupta Mai. Le Charles Amat. Pap. 3, p. 64. *
isabella Dendr. Meves Ent. Tidskr. 35, p. 40.
isskikii Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 915 *

janthinus Dendr. Kramlg. & Kohl. Monogr. p. 7. *
jezoonsis Dendr. Mats. Appl. Entom. Japan 1917, p. 687. *
jolini Gastr. Frings Societ. Ent. 22, p. 89.

kibunensis Eriog. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 19,
p. 23. *

kiminensis Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 9.
kononis Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 18. *
kurilensis Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 9 *

lateritia Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 922. *
latifascia Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 923. *
latimarginata Bhima Gaede in Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 2,
p. 124.

lavaudeni Ergol. Dumont Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1928, p. 228.
lucasi Chil. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 341.
lutea Gastr. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 11, p. 166.
luteseens Epic. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 8, p. 199.

maghrebica Chondr. Joannis Encycl. Ent. B. Lep. 3, p. 12.
malacosomoides Chil. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16,
p. 249.

malchani Selen. O. B.-H. Horae Macr. 1, p. 78.
mauginii Mai. Trti. Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. 63, p. 50.
mitfordi Las. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 338.
mixta Mai. Rothsch. Bull. Soc. Maroc 5, p. 340.
miyakei Wit. Entomologist 48, p. 140.
moltrechti Syr. Grunbg. Ent. Rundsch. 31, p. 38.
monbeigi Selen. Gaede in Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 117.
mongolica Selen. Gr.-Grsh. Ann. Mus. Zool. Pet. 1902, p. 196.
miilleri Dendr. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 14, p. 107.

neustrensis Mai. Klemann Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 20, p. 415.
nigrescens Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 9.
nigribasalis Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 919 *
nigrolasciata Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 914. *
nigrofasciatus Dendr. Kramlg. & Kohl. Monogr., p. 6. *
nigrolineata Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 922. *
nohirae Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 915 *

obertliiiri Chil. Lucas Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1909, p. 71.
obscura Cosm. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 14, p. 122.
obsoleta Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 914 *
ochracea Las. Hartig Ent. Rundschau 41, id. 45.
olivacea Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 915. *
olivacea Poec. Warn. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 11, p. 220.
osthelderi Chond. Pnglr. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 15, p. 96.

pallescens Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 914. *
pallida Cosm. potat. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 121.
pallida Macr. rubi Ostli. Schmett. S. -Bayern 2, p. 208.
parallelifascia Macr. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 24, p. 453.
pauli Chondr. [Pnglr. i. 1.) Gaede Seitz Macrolep., Suppl. 2,

p. 110.

penzigi Mai. Tutt, Brit. Lep. 5, p. 28.
pernederi Dendr. Kramlg. <Sc Kohl. Monogr. p. 8. *
pinivora Kon. Mats. Ins. Mats. 1, p. 112 *
plumigera Seitzia, Scriba Ent. Rundsch. 36, p. 42. *
powelli Chondr. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 6, f. 1162.
powelli Pach. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 12, p. 343.
pseudomontanus Dendr. Kramlg. & Kohl. Monogr., p. 7. *
piingeleri Las. Stertz Iris 29, p. 125

piingeleri Epic. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 64, p. (357).

reneae Erg. Dumont Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1922, p. 219.
roseoclara Tar. Schaw. Ztschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 13, p. 103.
rubescens Epic. Rbb. Iris 23, p. 226.

rubicunda Epic. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 64, p. (357).
rufescens Odon. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17, p. 417.
rufomarginata Er. Closs Int. Ent. Z. 11, p. 87.
ryuzana Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. 18, p. 18. *

sagittifera Dendr. Gaede Seitz Macrolep., Suppl. 2, p. 122.
samnitica Las. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 103.
sardoa Las. Trti. Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. 51, p. 289.
sckaufussi Mai. Stdfss. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 45, p. 195.
schulzi Las. Stertz Iris 26, p. 27.

scribae Las. (segr.) Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 19, p. 18.
scribaeLas. (super.) Mats. Jorum. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 13. *
seitzi Selen. O. B.-H. Horae Macr. 1, p. 78.
semifasciata (Las. querc.) Wagner Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 13, p. 157. *
semifasciata (Las. trifolii) Failla Natural. Sicil. 7, p. 231.
shakojiana Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. 18, p. 18. *
simulatrix Dipl. Chret. le Naturaliste, 1910, p. 77.
siniscalchii Lamb. Trti. Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. 65, p. 29. *
sordidior Las. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 21, p. 314.
spadicea Las. Wagner Ztschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 25.
strandi Dendr. Krausse Arch. Naturg. 83, A 6 (1919), p. 55.
submarginata Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18,

p. 10.*

subtilis-squamatus Dendr. Kramlg. <fe Kohl. Monogr., p. 8. *
su If lisa Cosm. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 11, p. 87.

takamukuana Met. Mats. Ins. Mats. 2, p. 119. *
takamukui Er. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 19, p. 24. *
tamanukii Trich. Mats. Ins. Mats. 2, p. 119. *
tenebrosa Tar. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 24, p. 371.
tenera Poec. O. B.-Haas Horae Macr. 1, p. 77. *
tenuifascia Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 923. *
tenuilinea Dendr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Add. 4, p. 914. *
thomalae Mai. Gaede Seitz Macrolep., Suppl. 2, p. 110.
tingitana Chondr. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 298.
tokyonis Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. 18, p. 17.
tomaiensis Dendr. Mats. Ins. Mats. 3, p. 166.
transfuga Macr. Krulik. Societ. Ent. 23, p. 11.
tricolor Dendr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 18, p. 19. *

variegata Er. ( Lenz ) Osth. Schm. S. -Bayern 2, p. 204. *
ver is Epic. Lenz Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 52, p\ 107,
vernetensis Dipl. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12. p. 326
virago Lamb. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 19, p. 118.
virgo Chil. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 340. *
vitellius Las. Oberth. Et. Lhp. Comp. 5, f. 785.
vulpecula Odon. Dhl. Entom. Zeitschr. 39, p. 115.

wagneri Las. Tutt Brit. Lep. 5, p. 29.

wolffi Dendr. Krausse Arch. Naturg. 83 A 6 (1919), p. 55.

yatsugadakensis Er. Mats. Jorum. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 19,
p. 23. *

zanoni Chondr. Trti, Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. 61, p. 143. *

LEMONIA. By M. Gaede.

127

8. Family: Lemoniidae,

1. Genus: l<eiiion!a Hbn.

L. taraxaci Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 181, pi. 30 a), antigone Std. is the oldest denomination for specimens with antigone.
the small black spot on forewings absent, depuncta Steph. denoting q and $ is for the same form and immaculata
Krul., according to the name, signifies the same (I could not find a description). In this case it is interesting to
observe the locality which is stated to be south east of Omsk in the Baraba Steppes. Hitherto and as stated
in Vol. 2, p. 181 the nearest indication was “eastward to Southern Russia”. — strigata $ Rbl. approaches the strigata.
other Lemonia species by the presence of a dark grey outer line on forewings, which continues diffusedly on
hindwings. — - montana Buresch from the Rhodope Mountains at an altitude of 2000 m has highly transparent montana.
wings of pale ochreous ground colour in $ and §. The discal spot is very small.

L. dumi L. (Vol. 2, p. 182, pi. 30 a). — In the variety sauberi Warn, ground colour of all wings is blackish saiiberi.
violet on upper and undersides, so that the clay coloured markings are very distinct on both sides. On fore wings
base also is very dark, so that a yellow inner line occurs before the discal spot. This is less clearly outlined than
the main band. Also fringes of forewings are black. — hauseri $ Rbl. on the other hand has paler base. On hauscri.
hindwings basal area as far as the main band is yellow, only the margin retaining the normal dark shade. On
forewings the clay coloured patches are more extensive than customary. — luteoornata $ Klem. scarcely differs
at all from same.

L. sacrosancta Pnng. (Vol. 2, p. 182). A mistake was made in the description. It should have read: —

“the pale band rather obsolescent.” At all events the cotype in the Pungeler collection has a pale band.

L. pia Rung. (10 f). We are now giving an illustration of this species which was mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 182. via.

L. philopalus Donz. (Vol. 2, p. 182, pi. 30 a). — vazquezi Oberth. The Spanish form of this species, which vazquezi.
chiefly occurs in northern Africa is much larger than type and generally rather darker, the pale veins conse¬
quently appearing more prominent.

L. vallantini Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 182, pi. 29 f). — unicolor Oberth. (10 f) by its nice yellow ground colour unicolor.
in the $ almost resembles a large taraxaci <$ without transverse lines, but only with black discal spot. Also the
body is a rich yellow. The $ is somewhat dusky brownish in basal area of both wings up to the area, where
an outer line might be situate. Also* underside similarly except for the absent discal spot.

L. tancrei Pungl. (10 f) from Tian-shan can be described as a paler sardanapalus Stgr. The outer lines tancrei.
of both wings are slightly less undulate. The oblique basal band of sardanapalus is replaced here by a fine
horizontal streak below the cell and the pale edge of the spot on costa is separated from the outer line. The $
is paler and consequently the spot mentioned is more striking.

8

Register of original descriptions of palaearctic Lemoniidae.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of Lemoniidae enumerated.

* signifies that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

antigone Lem. Sid. Boll. Soc. Adriat. 27, p. 105.
depuncta Lem. Steph. Iris 38, p. 204.

hausei'i Lem. Bbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 61, p. (29). *

montana Lem. Buresch Arbeit. Bulg. Nat. Ges. 7, p. 100.

sauberi Lem. Warn. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 17, p. 13.
strigata Lem. Bbl. Berge’s Butterfly Book, p. 131.

tancrei Lem. Pung. Iris 28, p. 38. *

unicolor Lem. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 11, f. 4707. *

vazquezi Lem. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 12, p. 365. *

Publ. 5. VIII. 1932.

ACTIAS; GRAELLSIA; SAMIA. By Chr. Bollow f.

129

13. Family: Saturnidae.

By Chr. Bollow f.

1. Genus: Actias Leach.

A. heterogyna Mell (Vol. 10, pi. 55 B a) is very local in its occurrence. Like the related A. duber-
nardi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 211), it occurs in mountainous territory. Its wing expanse is 114 — 124 mm in A
and 135 mm in V- The A is of yellow colouration, the ^ pale green. Both have a distinct undulate grey post-
median band on both wings, which is indented on the veins. There is a less distinct submedian line. The
discocellular spot resembles the ground colouration and is intersected longitudinally by a red streak. This is
occasionally only narrow, but can expand embracing the entire outer half. The anterior half of fore wings
and the upper part of hindwings bear a narrow blue arched streak near the margin. This is edged with black,
more heavily outwardly, less so inwardly. Between this streak and the red middle streak there is a narrow
ochreous longitudinal mark. I he tail of hindwings is about 2/5ths of the length of same. In the $ it curves
outwards, in the 9 it is more twisted. In the A forewing is yellow, base being greenish yellow and hindwings
lemon yellow. Costal margin widely red-brown to beyond the middle of wing. S. China, presumably crossing
here into palaearctic territory.

A. apollo Rob. (14 a) described from a from Hiogo in central Japan. Its wing expanse is 88 mm
and it differs from A. selene-^ (Vol. 2, p. 211 and Vol. 10, pi. 55 C b) by the shape of the forewings. The
apex is not elongated as in the latter but almost rectangular. The outer margin of forewings in general forms
a straight line, but same is, like the outer margin of hindwings faintly but regularly undulate. Hindwings
are shorter than in selene-^, but longer than in the larger artemis Brem. (Vol. 2, p. 211, pi. 33 b). In the basal
area hindwings are wider than in selene. Upperside is monotonous pale gree-n, rather greener than artemis.
The veins seem to be more boldly marked being of pale brownish colouration. The ocelli are approximately
similar to those of artemis, but they are more pronounced and the yellow areola to ocellus of hindwing is
wider. Fringes yellowish. Forewings have a shadowy blackish stripe in the middle between the outer marg¬
in and the discal spot which extends from costa to the middle of the cell between the submedian and the
1st median nervure. In front of same and not precisely in the middle between this stripe and outer margin,
there is a shorter and very indistinct blackish stripe. The subbasal transverse stripes, which are very dist¬
inct in selene, are missing in apollo. On hindwings there is a rather indistinct blackish submarginal extend¬
ing from the anterior radialis to base of tail. The red costal streak on forewings is paler than in selene, but
darker than in artemis. Frons is darker yellowish than in selene. Underside is somewhat duller than upper-
side. The antennae are darker than in the two related species, the single pectinations are slightlv longer
than in selene and the shaft of the antennae is strikingly darker.

2. Genus: Graellsia Grt.

G. isabellae Graells (Vol. 2, p. 212, pi. 33 c). The race established by Oberthur with a flourish of
importance and denominated by the fine name of galliaeglotia as representing the isabellae captured at
L’Argentiere-la-Bessee in the french High Alps, has proved to be descended from Spanish parents of isabellae
that were let loose there and therefore galliaegloria must be withdrawn.

3. Genus: Samia Jftm.

S. cynthia Drury (Vol. 2, p. 212). ab. viridis Mezg. ground colour of wings green or very slightly
brownish green. ab. bicolorata Mezg. has wings marked with yellow and green, ab. punctata Mezg. has

Supplementary Volume 2 17

heterogyna.

apollo.

isabellae.

galliae¬

gloria.

cynthia.

viridis.

bicolorata.

punctata.

130

ANTHERAEA; CALIGULA. Bx Che. Bollow.

a greenish brown mark on fore wings between the white discal line and the interrupted subbasal line. — ab.
fenestrella. fenestrella Mezg. has on forewings a 10 mm long conjunction of the basal band with the dentate discal band
and through the absence of the white line in the reddish discal band a vitreous spot is created. — ab.
andrewesi. andrewesi Deb. is notified from Sikkim on the border line. It resembles walkeri Fldr. (Vol. 2, p. 213) and has
the lunular spot extending to the white discal band.

wcrfsoni. S. watsorsi Obertii. (11 b) was described and illustrated by Oberthur from a G from Ta-tsien-lu. Re

created for this new species a separate Genus “ Desgoclinsia without however giving any justification. Accord¬
ing to the illustration, which is being reproduced here, there is no reason why same should not be includ¬
ed in the Samia Him. The new species looks very like cynthia, but the ground colour is a richer mahogany-
brown with faint claret hue. In the “Entomologist” Vol. 56, p. 172, Watson describes a $ bred from Ta-
tsien-lu, which is unfortunately slightly damaged and which is considerably smaller than wat.soni He be¬
lieves this is the yet unknown $ of watsoni. In any case it is a very rare species, at all events as far as
the territories of Ta-tsien-lu and the Omeishan are concerned.

7. Genus: Antlieraea Hbn.

cinnamo- A. pernyi Guer. (Vol. 2, p. 216, pi. 34 cl). — ab. cimiamomea Niep. denotes specimens with rich cin-

/ ij ibris namon red colouration in both sexes. Japan. — <^-ab. lugubris Niep. has all wings an olive-brown on upper-
side, costa of forewings a mouse-grey peppered with dark speckles to %rcls of the length of wings. Across the
centre of forewings a dark shadowy stripe extends, which is continued on hindwings. The postdiscal trans¬
verse line is black with white outer edge, similarly the subbasal which has a white inner edge. The vitreous
centre of ocelli is encircled by dark brown with a white inner edge; the postdiscal line on hindwings is dark
and obsolete. Underside paler than upperside, widely white-grey within the postdiscal line; subbasal line
melaina. sharply marked and dark brown. The dark shadowy discal band, as on upperside. — ab. melaina John is
a dark form, the general colouration is dull olive, suffused with grey-black. It stands in relation to pernyi,
as melaina Gross does to Aglia tau.

francki. A. fiancki Wts. belongs to the royUi-pernyi group and is closer as far as general appearance goes to

the former species (Vol. 10, p. 511, 55 B a) than to the latter. The antennae are pale brown, paler than in
the other species named. Ground colour of wings is not quite so reddish as pernyi and is about half wav
between the two related forms. Forewings are more falcate, edged with brown and yellow. The eyespot is
larger than in roylei, but somewhat smaller than in pernyi and the same applies to the vitreous centre
spot. The brown submarginal is more excurved and in the centre has a continuous faint inner line, which
is rarely found in royeli. Hindwings have only faint markings. A faint line extends from the anal end of
the ocellus to anal angle, forming a fork. The upper branch of same ends at abdomen, the lower one near
the faint submarginal. The band between the ocellus and base of wings is missing. Underside is darker and
more brownish than the two related forms and has only diffuse markings. The submarginal has no wrhite or
grey edges. The length of forewings is 75 mm. Only a single $ from Kwanhsien in Szechuan is known.

chengiuana. A. chengtuana 1(7 6'. is only known from a single $ captured at light at Chengtao in Szechuan and

which is in rather poor condition. It is relatively very similar to A. assamensis Ww. (Vol. 10, p. 511, pi. 55 B b).
Wings are paler rusty brown. The ocelli of both wings rather deeper orange than ground colour; areola of
ocellus of fore wing more faintly black than that of ocellus on hind wing. Bands of both wings without white
edge in contrast to assamensis. Submarginal line is further from margin than in the latter, especially at hind
margin, where it turns towards base of wings. The band itself consists of two fine black-brown lines, which
are confluent at apex and have a white edge outwardly, there is a faint whitish line along the lower half.

Hybrids of palaearctic Antlieraea.

perny- The hybrids mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 217 without names are: yamamai -<$ X pernyi -£ = hybr. perny-

■ yaemsa' yama Board., hybr. pernyi x yamamai- $ = hybr. inversa Tutt.

8. Genus: C'alignla Mr.

privaia. C. boisduvali Ersch. (Vol. 2, p. 217, pi. 31 d). — d'-ab. privata Krul. is probably identical with jallax

chinensis. Jord, (Vol. 2, p. 217) or only a slight modification of same. — subsp. cliinensis Bbl. from Szechuan in W.

China is much more monotonous and duller in colouration than jallax, the disc of forewings is reddish grey.
It differs from jonasi Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 218, pi. 32 b, d) by its paler more reddish yellow general colouration, as
well as by the more truncate apex to forewings, the less prominent reddish brown and not brownish claret
basal area of forewings, the outer edge of which extends to costa. The ocelli are remarkable by their almost

DICTYOPLOCA; NEOR1S; PERISOMENA; SATURNIA. By Che. Bollow.

131

perfectly circular shape. Costal margin of forewings is reddish grey, submarginal line of forewings pure white,
but only in an oblique patch at inner margin.

9. Genus: IMctyoploca Jord.

D. manonis Mats, from Kyushu, Japan. It was not possible for me to obtain either a specimen, an manonis.
illustration or the original description. The same position prevails in regard to D. simla Ww., subsp. jrancki Wts.

10. Genus: Itfeoris Mr.

N. stoliczkana Fldr. (Vol. 2, p. 219). — oliva A. B.-H. is a from the Juldus territory which differs ohm.
distinctly from galerope. Pnglr. (Vol. 2, p. 219, pi. 32 a). Ground colour is much more unicolourous grey-olive
with no such yellow admixture as in schencki Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 219). Otherwise however in regard to mark¬
ings of forewings it resembles same. Hind wings vary rather more, the black, rather less arched central line
touches the inner side of the ocelli and ends coinciding with the outer transverse line of forewings. In
schencki (Vol. 2, p. 219, pi. 32 a) however this line is far removed from the ocellus and ends joining or very
close to the inner transverse line. Underside of all wings is much more uniformly olive-grey than the upper
side. Wing expanse is 86 mm.

N. haraldi Schaw. from Thian-Shan in the Juldus territory is a A that is much smaller than hut- haraldi.
toni Mr. (Vol. 2, p. 219, pi. 31 d) and schencki Stgr. Ground colour is a dark impure grey-brown, that especially
at outer margin, has a tinge of olive-brown. Towards base and abdomen it becomes a rosy brown. rIhe black
antemedian line has no pale inner edge and between same and base there is no wedge-shaped spot. 1 he
entire wings from base to outer double line are uniformly dusky. The double line has a white outer edge,
it is much more weakly undulate than in schencki and ends at hind margin of forewings projecting less
inwards, in softer colouration, not inside of the ocelli, but about in centre of same. The double band does
not extend as far as the ocellus of forewing. The outer marginal area is paler olive-brown and not dusted.

Ocelli of forewings are somewhat smaller than those of hindwings and with black surrounds. Apex as in huttoni.

The broad bipectinated antennae and narrow collar are pale brown. Thorax and abdomen are darker brown,
the latter without black belts. Underside same as upperside.

11. Genus: Perlsom^na Wkr.

P. caecigena Kupido (Vol. 2, p. 220, pi. 32 b). — ab. unicolor Schltz. are in which all wings have unicolor.
a pure yellow colouration on uppersides; the reddish markings are completely absent. — derosata Schaw. derosata.
from Bosnia, Herzegowina and Dalmatia are <$<$ with a similar tendency as regards colour. They are also yel¬
low without the rose coloured outer marginal band. — $-ab. wiskotti Niep. has upperside of all wings a wiskotti.
rich rosy red without the dark dusting, except at base. Fringes are yellow; the discal, parallel dentate lines
are diffuse, darker and wider, on hindwings double as wide and forming a single band. The bands are wider
apart from one another, so that the median area appears wider. The vitreous spot lias no black surround
which is obsolete and scarcely visible. The unicolourous underside of all wings shows only a narrow diffuse den¬
tate band and the vitreous spots are scarcely perceptible. Smyrna. — subsp. transcaucasica 0. B.-H. from transcau-
Elisabethpol and Tiflis has a wing expanse of 52 — 65 mm. The <$<§ differ from specimens from S. Dalmatia
by the paler, sulphur-yellow colouration of all wings. The black dusting of forewings, the rosy violet hue in
centre of wings are not to be seen in a single $ specimen from Transcaucasia. The $ is pale claret with occas¬
ional yellowish dusting in basal area.

12. Genus: Satiirnia Schrck.

S. pyri Schiff. (Vol. 2, p. 220, pi. 31b). — ab. sub rubicund a Schltz. differs from typical specimens by the subrubi-
very pronounced carmine reddish colouration, which partially covers all wings. — $-ab. brurmea Gschw. ' °

has wings and body suffused with brown on upper and undersides. The general colouration is brown. — <?-ab.
grisea Gschw. has wings and body suffused with grey on upper and undersides. The general impression is con- grisea.
sequently grey. Vienna. — latifascia Gschw. has thorax and basal area of forewings darker brown than name latifascia.
type form. The 1st transverse band of hindwings is double as wide as is typical, excurved in centre, drawn
in towards the base at hind margin. On hindwings it is wider but less sharply marked than in normal pyri.

The 2nd transverse band is similarly double as wide, but less deeply dentate on hindwings than type form.

On underside the 1st transverse band of forewings is reduced to a basal streak and on hindwings it forms
a 12 — 14 mm large roundish patch lying between the hind margin and subcostal in the basal angle. Vienna.

— ab. kolleri Gschw. is characterised by the shape of the 2nd transverse stripe, which forms a large dent- kolleri.
ation on upper and undersides on forewings between cellules 6 and 7, whilst in the name type form and all

132

EUDIA. By Chr. Bollow.

abeli,

atiingens.

conjuncta.

de fascia .
aigneri.

umbrosa.

melanopis.

macropis.

reducta.

alticola.

conjuncta .

conjuncta-
perrupta .

’ cphalariae .
lurida.
infumata.
dilutibasis.

albescens,
con juncta.

contigua.

citrina.

brunnea.

erythrina.

alboplaga.

satnratior .

known varieties, it forms a dentation in each of these cellules. In the apical part of the margin of forewings
kolleri has only 2 arched lines, a large one over cellule 6 and 7 and a rudimentary one indicated in cellule 5. —
d'-ab. abeli Gschw. has a pale brownish yellow band on upper and undersides of forewings between the two
transverse bands and the marginal band. It extends from costa to hind margin. It follows the marginal
band and is 3 — 8 mm wide being only intersected by the colouration of the veins, which is normal. Hun¬
gary. — ab. attingens Gschw. lias the 2nd transverse band of all wings displaced inwardly, so that it borders
on the ocelli. $-ab. conjuncta Gschw. has the 1st and 2nd transverse stripes of forewings conjoined in
cellule 1 of forewings by a deep dentation of the 2nd transverse stripe. Underside is normal. Vienna. —
if-ab. defascia Gschw., the 1st and 2nd transverse stripes of forewings are missing on upperside of forewings.
Underside is normal. Vienna. — In ab. aigneri Pillich the undulate line beyond the eyespot on hindwings
is quite extinct and the pale patch around the ocellus becomes gradually darker towards the outer margin.

- ab. umbrosa Amiot strongly inclines towards melanism. The disc, submarginal bands and almost the en¬
tire costal margin are deep black, the latter with a few scattered pale scales. — <J-ab. melanopis Gschw. has
no white intersecting line in the eyespots of both wings on upper and undersides. Vienna. — ab. macropis
Gschw. has ocelli somewhat elongated and considerably increased in size, an analogous variation to pavonia-
macropis Schultz. <?-ab. reducta Gschw. is a counterpart to the previous form and shows remarkably small
ocelli on all wings, about the size of those of a large E. pavonia- $. Vienna. — alticola Denso denotes a $
and the descendants bred from same. It was captured extraordinarily late, in July at Bonneville near
Geneva at an altitude of 1000 m (Saxonnet) and the ova deposited by this very small pyri- $ produced again
very small imagines. The colouration of same is generally more dusky; the zigzag lines on both wings are
less distinctly marked and in all cases touch the ocelli. The pale dusting in central area is darker and the
markings generally appear wider and more dusky. Perhaps this is a high altitude form, as pyri is rarely found
above 600 m altitude.

S- atlantica Luc. (Vol. 2, p. 221, pi. 31 b). — ab. cors juncta Gschw. is captured at El Kantara in Al¬
geria. The dentations of the 2nd transverse line of forewings touch the 1st transverse line on the 2nd cubi-
talis and in the centre of cell. On hindwings the two transverse stripes merge forming a single dark band
from 2nd cubitalis to hind margin. — $-ab. conjuncta-perTUpta Gschw. from the same locality as the previous
variety. The dentation of the 2nd transverse line intersects the 1st transverse line on the 2nd cubitalis, so that
the inner white edge of 1st line merges with the outer white edge of the 2nd line. In cellule 1 the dentation
touches the 1st transverse line, also the dentation on the 2nd analis approaches same very closely, almost
conjoining with same. On hindwings the two transverse lines are conjoined onwards from the 2nd cubitalis,
similarly to the preceding form.

14. Genus : Hurt i a Jord.

E. spini Schiff. (Vol. 2, p. 222. pi. 31 b, c). — We are reproducing an illustration of the form cepha-
lariae (11 b), already mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 222. — ab. lurida Gschw. denotes SB of impure yellow ground
colour. ?-ab. infumata Gschw. has upper and undersides uniformly dusky; all patches that are normally
Paler or white are clouded over. Hungary. — G-ab. dilutibasis Gschw., also from Hungary, has a very pale
basal area, almost of the same shade as the central area. The 1st transverse stripe is formed of three lines,
of which the inner and outer ones are dark brown, whilst the central one is pale diffuse brown; the two
dark brown lines extend to the costal area, the stripe itself is almost straight and vertical to the hind marg¬
in of forewings. The outer area of all wings is paler than in name type form. Underside almost identical
with upperside. ah. albescens Gschw. is a bred A from Lundenberg with predominant white ground colour
on all wings, especially the central area of hindwings is strikingly pale whitish grey over its entire area.

ab. conjuncta Gschw. has 1st and 2nd transverse lines of forewings conjoined by a dentation of the latter
in cellule 1 and on the 2nd analis. On hindwings the two transverse lines are conjoined from the 2nd cubi-
talis to the hind margin. Underside of all wings is normal. — ab. continua Schultz (Vol. 2, p. 222) should act¬
ually he contigua Schltz.

E. pavonia L. (Vol. 2, p. 222, pi. 31c). — $-ab. citrina Gschw. has pale lemon yellow colouration.
?-ab. brunnea Gschw. quite buff. Both varieties from around Vienna. — $-ab. erythrina Schltz. has dull
rusty red ground colouration to all wings, which uniformly covers the whole area and the typical markings
stand out sharply and clearly. — alboplaga Gschw. (= albophaga Boll.) denotes very pale specimens in both
sexes. Size and markings are normal, but the colours are so much paler that the $ ocelli are on creamy
white and those of the $ on pure white ground. The creamy white areas between the 1st and 2nd trans¬
verse lines and between the 1st mediana and 1st cubitalis on the upperside of hindwings are quite espec¬
ially striking. $-ab. saturatior Schltz. is the counterpart to the preceding form. It is very dusky but
by no means identical with infumata Newnh. (Vol. 1, p. 223). The margins of all wings are intensively grey-
black, in front of same there is a very narrow, but distinct pale transverse line. Basal area, central area
below the ocelli and also the submarginal area are very dusky grey-black. The white areas contrast sharply

EUDIA. By Chk. Bollow.

133

from the dark patches and are very distinctly outlined. — vidua P. Schulze are $$ from the neighbourhood vidua.
of Berlin, on which all the brown markings are more or less replaced by black, also the marginal edge of all
wings is blackish inwardly towards the pale band, reddish on hindwings. In place of the zigzag band on
forewings there is a narrow reddish line which is only distinctly incurved at one spot towards the inner
margin. At apex there are similarly a few supernumerary red scales. Underside corresponds to upperside in
colouration and markings. — luteata Rocci from Piedmont is a <$ which has ochreous yellow basal area in- luteaia.
stead of brown. — ab. micropis Lenz denominates specimens of both sexes with ocelli of only half the size micro pis.
of normal pavonia *). — In melanopis Stdtterm. the blue, as well as the red crescents in the ocelli are ab- melanopis.
sent, so that the centre of the ocelli is merely surrounded by a yellow ringlet. The black surround is much
enlarged, especially on the inner side. The $$ have hindwings with faintly roseate hue. — caeca Stdtterm. caeca.
have no mirror effect markings in the ocelli. The ocelli are more or less simply filled with deep black scales. -
conjuncta Gschw. is a $ of meridionalis Call). (Vol. 2, p. 223) which we are now illustrating (11 b). It occurs conjuncta.
at Nice and the two transverse lines of both wings are conjoined in cellule 1 by a deep dentation of the
2nd transverse line. Underside is normal. — In ab. laeta Lenz the dark band before the margin of forewings laeta.
is pale yellow-grey. Upper Bavaria. — In contrast to meridionalis (lib) which is often very large, we have
the small form alpina, already mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 223. We are now giving an illustration of same (11a). alpina.

— ab. josephinae Schaw. (11 a) is a $ from Chiclana, Spain, with very dark blackish bands which are of quite josephinae.
similar formation to those of spini. — ab. atromaculata Stdtterm. has the red of the apical spot almost com- atromacu-
pletely replaced by black, which continues in the marginal band. The black costal spot is much enlarged
and conjoined with the apical spot by a faint streak. Marginal band of hindwings is similarly black, paler to¬
wards the anal region. The yellow ringlets of ocelli on all wings are reduced, the blue crescents on the other
hand enlarged. Wings are dusted with blackish, but nevertheless retaining their hyaline character. Markings
are distinct, but all the lines show a tendency to spread out and become confluent. — ab. homopliora Bryk homophora.
is an aberration of the veins. The 2nd cubitalis on all wings is forked, i. e. there is a supernumerary branch
nervule.

A. Hybrids with pyri.

hybr. macrotaos Rbl. (11a) is a new name for hybr. major 0. (Vol. 2, p. 223), which became necessary macrotaos.
for purposes of classification and nomenclature. We are giving an illustration of this hybrid.

hybr. witzenmanni Gschw. = pyri A X atlantica shape of wings in both sexes as those of atlantica. witzenman-
In size the hybrid only exceeds that of the female parent slightly. Underside about midway between that
of the parents. On account of the shorter spur on the fore tibiae and smaller size it differs from :

hybr. atlantpyri Niep. = atlantica X pyri shape of wings has rather less inclination towards atlan- atlantpyri.
tica. atlantpyri differs from numida Aust. (Vol. 2, p. 221) on account of a dark stripe of aboiit 2 mm breadth
standing off fairly well in the disc on upperside of hindwings and which extends from costal margin to ocel¬
lus. This is absent in numida. numida is probably a secondary or tertiary hybrid with pyri Schiff. as female
parent.

$ hybr. julii Gschw. = pyri A X spini $. Neuration is midway between that of pyri, spini and pa- julii.
vonia. Wing contour inclines to resemble spini on forewings, but pyri on hindwings. Was bred from a larva
found at Hohenau in Lower Austria.

hybr. standfussi Wish, (lib) and daubi Stdfs. (lid) which were both mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 223, standfussi.
are now being illustrated here, similarly the pale grey specimens of daubi, which have been denominated daubi.
emiliae Stdfs. (11 c).

hybr. herberti Ronn. = hybr. schaufussi Stdfs. A ( = pavonia- $ X spini- Q) X pavonia is midway herberti.

between pavonia and spini.

hybr. gremmingeri Eh. = hybr. herberti Ronn.-B X herberti as the parent forms. grem-

mingeri.

hybr. grossei Eh. = hybr. herberti Ronn.-$ x pavonia more closely resembles pavonia. grosser.

hybr. hedvicae Cast. = hybr. schaufussi Stdf. A X hybr. grossei Eh. ^ has characteristics of spini. hedvicae.

hybr. emiliana Cast. = hybr. hedvicae Cast. C X hybr. hedvicae- $: has characteristics of spini. emiliana.

hybr. pokornae Cast. = hybr. bornemanni Stdf. <$ X hedvicae Cast. has chracateristics of spini. pokornae.

*) This form is most probably the same as reducta Scliliz. (Yol. 2, p. 223).

134

AGLIA; LUDIA. By Chr. Bollow.

strigulata.

radiata.

macropis.

hemi-

taenia.

androidcs.

obsoleta.

huttneri.

impulverea.

dealbata.

cuspidata.

huemeri.

amurensis.

flavorosea.

melaina.

subcaeca.

hansali.

Genus: Aglia 0.

A. tau L. (Vol. 2, p. 224, pi. 35 a, b). — ab. strigulata Hoffm. are with stripes of forewings form¬
ed of 2 flat arcs, extending over the entire wing and the point of same, where the arcs meet is very close
to the ocellus. — ab. radiata Lenz is a from Herrsching in Bavaria with 5 paler rays between the ocellus
and the band of forewings. — d'-ab. macropis Lenz. represents specimens with unusually large ocelli. — hemitae-
mia Schaw. is a $ from Hutteldorf which is very pale and sparsely dusted, only on hindwings is the black
submarginal well developed, whilst same is missing on upper and undersides of fore wings. — ab. androides
Hnrch. are $$ of £ colouration, which Rebel had already mentioned in Berge, without giving a denomin¬
ation. — obsoleta Lamb, has the black of ocelli strongly developed, especially on hindwings the characteristic
1 -shaped mark is almost extinct and replaced by a pale blue mark of indefinite shape. — ab. huttneri
Stich. denotes specimens in which the characteristic ocelli and T-shaped marks on forewings are entirely
absent. The wings therefore have no markings other than the blackish, rather faint submarginal band and a
faint dusting at base. On hindwings the discal ocelli are reduced to small black spots of pinhead size.
Similar to caecata Schltz. — ab. impulverea Nitzsche is a A from Hermannskogel in which on the under¬
side of the wings, the blackish dusting which for instance occurs especially in the apical part of forewings
and along the costal margin of hindwings in normal specimens, is completely absent. — dealbata Gunn.
is characterised by the obsolescent white markings on underside. — ab. cuspidata Linst. is a $ of 70 mm
expanse and usual, but somewhat darkly dusted colouration. In hindwings the ocellus is elongated to a point
towards the margin, the blue pupil of same is missing and the T-shaped mark is grey and indistinct.
1 he black scales are intermixed with white. Above the elongated ocellus there is a grey cloud in cellule 5
which corresponds to a black spot on underside. On hindwings the discal line is more distinct than on fore¬
wings and also here the ocellus is extended to a point which touches the discal line. The blue pupil is distinct,
the white T-shaped mark often wide and sharply pronounced. On underside the black dusting is especially
marked on hindwings. Also all the markings are very clearly defined there. — ab. huemeri Stdf. The dark
subterminal line that usually extends a short distance from outer margin on upperside of both wings, is either
entirely absent, or it is at all events quite free of any trace of black scales. In its place is at best a 1 mm
wide violet-brown, pale shade which however is more or less distinctly visible. The $ has a white stripe
along the costa of fore wings, which is just off the margin and begins above the ocellus and ends at the white
costal spot just before apex of wings. The ocelli incline to decrease in size. On underside the dark mark¬
ings which traverse the wings from costa to hind margin are entirely absent on hindwings. This is the most
striking feature of this remarkable form. The black stripe before the outer margin is heavier and darker than
in name type form. This form also occurs, but rarely in melaina Gross (Vol. 2, p. 224). — amurensis Jord. was
only described in Vol. 2, p. 224, we are now giving an illustration (lid). — ab. flavorosea Hard, (lid) from
the Ussuri territory belongs to the preceding form. Upperside of all wings is tinged pinky yellow instead
of yellow-buff, similar to the Japanese tau, but without the shadowy marks on forewings, only a submarg¬
inal line on both wings. — We are now also giving illustrations of melaina Gross and the Weissmann
form subeaeca Strd. (11c) which were only mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 224 but not illustrated.

Addendum.

Genus: liiMl f ;i Wallgr.

L. hansali Fldr. (Vol. 14, p. 341, pi. 59 a). This species, which is illustrated in the African part of this
work, occurs in Morocco and thereby reaches the boundary of palaearctic territory. Otherwise the species
is purely an ethiopian one. It is interesting to observe that also in East Africa the corresponding Ludia
form to hansali approaches the palaearctic boundary in Eritrea. (Seitz.)

Index and reference of palaearctic Saturniidae.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Saturniidae mentioned in Supplementary

Volume 2.

* signifies that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

abeli Sat. Gschw. Ztschr. Oasterr. Ent. Yer. 8 (1923), p. 79.
aigneri Sat. Pill. Rovart. Lapok. 16 (1909), p. 82.
albescens Eud. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69, p. 71.
alboplaga Eud. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69, p. 67.*
alpina Eud. Favre Mitt. Ent. Schweiz. Ges. 10, p. 36.
alticola Sat. Denso Iris 26 (1912), p. 128.
amurensis Agl. Jord. Seitz Macrolep. 2 (1911), p. 224.
andrewesi Sam. Deb. Lambillionea 29. p. 65.
androides Agl. Hnrch. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 511.
apollo Act. Rob. Entomol. Mitt. 12 (1923), p. 59.
atlantpyri Sat. Niep. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5 (1912), p. 291.
atromaculata Eud. Stdtt. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 4, p. 60.
attingens Sat. Gschw. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 69 (1919),

p. 68.

bicolorata Sam. Mezg. Lambillionea 28 (1928), p. 102.
brunnea Eud. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 80.
brunnea Sat. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 79.

caeca Eud. Stdtt. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 4 (1920), p. 60.
chengtuana Anth. Wts. Entomologist 56 (1923), p. 171.
chinensis Cal. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1926, p. 143.
cinnamomea Anth. Niep. Entomol. Ztschr. 42 (1929), p. 264.
citrina Eud. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 80.
conjuncta Eud. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69, p. 70. *
conjuncta Sat. Gschw. Iris 26 (1912), p. 128.
conjuncta Sat. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69, p. 69.
contigua Eud. Schtz. Entom. Ztschr. Stuttgart 23 (1909), p. 36.
cuspidata Agl. Linst. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7 (1913), p. 173.

defascia Sat. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 79.
derosata Peris. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 64, p. 358.
dilutibasis Eud. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69 (1919),
p. 70. *

emiliana Eud. Cast. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 16 (1923), p. 210.
erythrina Eud. Schs. Entom. Ztschr. Stuttgart 23 (1909),
p. 37.

fenestrella Sam. Mezg. Lambillionea 28 (1928), p. 102.
flavorosea Agl. Kurd. Entom. Mitt. Dahlem 17 (1928), p. 417.
francki Anth. Wts. Entomolog. 51 (1923), p. 171.
francki Diet. Wts. Trans. Mancli. Ent. Soc. 1919, p. 35. *

galliaegloria Gra. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 20, p. 170; 21. *
gremmingeri Eud. Eh. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 6 (1921), p. 12.
grisea Sat. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 79.
grossei Eud. Eh. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 6 (1921), p. 13.

haraldi Neor. Schaw. Mitt. Miinch. Entom. Ges. 1922, p. 40.
hauderi Agl. Schtz. Entomol. Ztschr. 22 (1908), p. 160.
hansali Eud. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. 4, Taf. 89. *
kedvicae Eud. Cast. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 15 (1921), p. 75.

| hemitaenia Agl. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 9 (1924),
i p. 90.

herberti Eud. Ronn. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 3 (1918), p. 35. *
heterogyna Act. Melt Entomol. Rundsch. 31 (1914), id. 31. *
kuemeri Agl. Stndf. Entomol. Ztschr. 26 (1912), p. 1.
hiittneri Agl. Stick. Entomol. Ztschr. 21 (1907), p. 100.

impulverea Agl. Nitsche Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60, p. 221,
infumata Eud. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69. p. 70. *
inversa Anth. Tutt Entomolog. 13 (1878), p. 154.

josephinae Eud. Schaw. Ostheld. Schm. Siidb. 1 (2), p. 219. *
julii End. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69 (1919), p. 57. *

kolleri Sat. Gschw. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 1919, p. 67. *
laeta Eud. Lenz Osthelders Schmett. Siidb. 1 (2), p. 219. *
latifascia Sat. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1919, p. 67.
lugubris Anth. Niep. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22 (1928), p. 187.
lurida Eud. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 80.
luteata Eud. Rocci Atti Soc. Ligur. 24 (1914), p. 141.

macropis Agl. Lenz Osthelders Schmett. Siidb. 1 (2), p. 220.
macropis Sat. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69, p. 69.
macrotaos Eud. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69, p. 60. *
manonis Diet. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 51. *
melaina Anth. John Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22 (1928), p. 318.
melanopis Eud. Stdtt. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 4 (1920), p. 60.
melanopis Sat. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 1923, p. 79.
micropis Eud. Lenz Osthelders Schmett. Siidb. 1 (2), p. 219. *

obsolete Agl. Lamb. Rev. Nam. Mens. 1907, p. 27.
oliva Neor. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 219.

perrupta Sat. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1919, p. 69. *
pokornae Eud. Cast. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 16 (1923), p. 210.
punctata Sam. Mezg. Lambillionea 28 (1928), p. 102.

radiata Agl. Lenz Osthelders Schmett. Siidb. 1 (2), p. 220.
reducta Sat. Gschw. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 79.

strigulata Agl. Hoffm. Jahr. Ber. Wien. Ent. Ver. 26 (1916),
p. 3. *

transcaucasica Peris O. B.-IL. Horae Macrolep. 1 (1927), p. 78.

umbrosa Sat. Ami. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23 (1929), p. 66.
unicolor Peris. Schz. Entomol. Ztschr. 24 (1910), p. 65.

| vidua Eud. Schze. Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1915, p. 458. *
j viridis Sam. Mezg. Lambillionea 28 (1928), p. 102.

watsoni Sam. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 9 (2), p. 256. *

I wiskotti Peris. Niep. Strands Lep. Niepelt. 1, p. 19. *

| witzenmanni Sat. Gschw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69
(1919), p. 63. *

Publ. 4. VIII. 1932.

ACHERONTIA. By B. Gehlen.

Family: Sphingidae, Hawk Moths*).

Since the publication of the 2nd Volume of the main Series many new species, subspecies and forms
have been described. But there have been a greater number of discoveries in regard to the early stages
of many species, which were hitherto unknown, as well as other important and interesting biological observ¬
ations. Especial credit is due to Mell, who at personal sacrifice has carried out scientific researches in China
and who has recorded his labours in his valuable work ,, Fauna Sinica“, which will be of the greatest interest
to every entomologist. Anyone who is keen on the subject and who takes entomology seriously or who is
interested in breeding or does breed personally, will peruse this work with the greatest interest, as some of his
observations are simply amazing.

In addition to what was stated in Vol. 2, p. 229 we must remark here that Mell ascertained that cer¬
tain Sphingidae larvae hibernate in the larval stage. This hibernation however does not coincide with any
cessation in the development of the larva, as same hibernate when fully grown and ready for pupation. It
is thus in a prae-pupal state and has not lost its capacity for movement; this is retained until shortly lie-
fore pupation. Larvae that have been in the earth for several months, have crawled away on being disturbed.

All that is said below when discussing the various species in regard to data of the early stages and
biology is taken from Mell’s work, unless otherwise stated. Neuration according to Rothschild & Jordan.

1. Genus: Acherontia 0.

Contrary to what was said in Vol. 2, p. 232 and according to Mell, the Acherontia species do not
visit flowers.

A. lachesis F. (Vol. 2, p. 232, pi. 36 a). The death’s head mark on thorax and especially behind same, lachesis.
often interspersed with cherry -red scales. — Ova cream coloured, longer (2 mm) than wide, frequently several
on one leaf. — ab. radiata Niep. without the black discal band on hindwings, on the other hand the veins radiata.
are black in the ordinarily yellow disc. Outer marginal band of hindwings is narrow, the black basal spot
duller.

A. atropos L. (Vol. 2, p. 232, pi. 36 b). — ab. obscurata Closs. The large yellow apical patch of fore- obscurata.
wings is grey-black, so that excepting for a slight indication on costa, it has disappeared. Discal bands of
hindwing faint and asymmetrical. — f. diluta Closs has markings of forewings diffuse. All red-brown patches diluta.
are grey-brown and scarcely discernible; the pale transverse bands are merely indicated by a few grey-white
spots and the entire forewings are suffused with silvery grey. Hindwings dull yellow, inner band narrow
and straight, both bands grey-brown instead of black. — ab. myosotis Schaw. has ground colour of fore- myosoiis.
wings bluish grey instead of black-brown, whilst head, thorax and dorsal band are light blue-grey. — ab.
confluens DM. has outer band of hindwings so enlarged that the entire outer half of wing is black and only confluens.
the basal area remains yellow. — ab. moira DM. has forewings so heavily darkened that the markings are all moira.
merged in a unicoloured brownish black-grey except for the stigma. — The finest of all the atropos aberra¬
tions is without a doubt ab. violacea Lamb. It is a dusky specimen with quite straight discal band on hind- violocea.
wings but which however is chiefly remarkable owing to the upperside of the antennae, head, palpi and
forewings being covered with a glossy violet sheen, almost like that of Apatura iris.

A. styx Ww. (Vol. 2, p. 232). — In ab. interrupta Closs the outer black band of hindwings is dissolved inter ru\Aa.
into small spots on the veins.

*) ,As already stated, this family is not numbered, as in the old works it was not included in the series of the
other families of the Bombyces; compare Vol. 2, p. 3 and 229.

Supplementary Volume 2

18

fasciata.

peitaihoen¬

sis.

aksuensis.

anal is.

eburnea.

increta.

celator.

138 HERSE; MEGANOTON; PSILOGRAMMA; PSEUDODOLBINA. By B. Gehlen.

2. Genus: Herse OJcen.

H . convolvuli L. (Vol. 2, p. 233, pi. 36 a). — ab. fasciata Pillich (mentioned in the original descrip¬
tion as “ Proto parce” ) has wide, dentate blackish central bands on forewings. — subsp. peitaihoensis Clark from
Pei-tai-ho, N. China. The usual sexual dimorphism of convolvuli is absent here. Both A and $ have white ground
colour, on which the dark markings sharply contrast. — aksuensis 0. B.-H. <$. This subspecies from Aksu
(Central Thien Shan) is remarkably pale, the fore wings are almost whitish grey with reddish stripes below the stig¬
ma; the 4 bands of hind wing distinct. $ grey- white. ( 'peitaihoensis and aksuensis appear to be identical; I have
not seen specimens of them both.)

3. Genus: Megauotoii Wkr.

M. analis Flclr. (Vol. 2, p. 234, pi. 36 c). The following is now known regarding the early stages (accord¬
ing to Mell): Ova yellowish, glossy and relatively very small. The monophagous larva (food plant: Sassa¬
fras Tzumu Hemsl.) is monochrome green, each segment with a belt of yellowish short conical humps; 10th
segment below the oblique stripe and entire 11th segment smooth, no humps, abdominal fold and claspers
with dense, large conical humps of pale brownish colouration. Only the 7th oblique stripe is present, it is
widely pale yellow and extends to the horn. This is the only marking. — Pupa dark brown, slightly glossy,
the sheaths of the limbs are. not dilated. Cremaster bold, conical, ending in a short, glossy bifurcated tip.

4. Genus: fiNilograiiima R.&J.

P. menephron Cr. (Vol. 2, p. 234 and Vol. 10, pi. 60 d). Of this very variable species Gloss has denom¬
inated an extreme aberration ab. eburnea. The pale spots of forewings are extended forming 2 heavy yel¬
lowish white dentate bands, of which the outer one expands forming a large patch of the same colour. Hind-
wings with yellow costa and large yellow anal spot. W. China.

P. isiereta Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 234, pi. 36 b). In Vol. 2 Dr. Jordan enumerated increta as a subspecies
of menephron. Mell, with abundant material available, has been able to ascertain *), that increta is a separate
species and says : the m a i n food plants of the larvae of the two species are different. The larvae can be
differentiated after the 2nd moult. In breeding the two species at the same time hybridism did not occur,
although 6 copulae took place in one night and 30 in a fortnight. The imago differs as follows: menephron
has breast and underside of abdomen heavily intermixed with grey scales. Forewings generally with whitish
markings in postdiscal area. P. increta is smaller. Underside of body as far as and including 5th segment,
white. Forewings without whitish markings, but discal streaks more pronounced. Proboscis shorter. — Accord¬
ing to Mell the Psilogramma-^ when excited emits a clear chirping tone, which is in higher key and less
loud than that of the Acherontia. This sound is not created by the tongue case, which is not moved during
the stridulation, but through active, lateral, sideways movements of the anal segment; if one holds this
tight, the chirping ceases. AS that were encircling the $$ prior to copulation emit the stridulation sound.
It does not appear to be a defensive measure : Mell observed giant toads, birds and bats making a meal
of chirping Psilogramma ! — Ova relatively small, pale watery green in colour. They are deposited singly
on the underside of young leaves and shoots. Differences between the two species not discernible. — The
larvae of the two species differ as follows: P. menephron is always of green colour, cones on abdominal fold
and claspers green, broad and not numerous; centre of stigmata narrowly black, edge simple; pupa colour-
ation dull, impure brown. P. increta : colour of body green or heavily brown mottled; cones on abdominal
fold and claspers smaller and more numerous, the tips dark, centre of stigmata wide, edge double; pupa co¬
louration glossy lilac brown. — It is very difficult to induce the depositing of ova in captivity. Mell had
abundant material and every possible facility but had scarcely any success. Only one $ deposited, but it laid
only 8 ova, which collapsed already the following day.

4. (bis) Genus: l*semloclolMna Rothscli.

The Genus has hitherto only been dealt in Vol. 10, p. 530, as it was not until 1926 that a subspec¬
ies of the two known species was ascertained on palaearctic territory. The rather small moths remind one
of the american Genus Dolba. The 1st hind tarsal joint is shorter than the tibia and is not longer than
the 2nd to 5th tarsal joints together. Aedagus with a single long and pointed spur which is directed towards
the right.

Ps. fo Wkr. (Vol. 10, p. 530, pi. 60 e). — subsp. celator Jord. can only be differentiated from the
main type form by the harpe of the C which has a spur near the apex ventrally, which can vary in size.

*) Fauna Sinica II, 1922.

SPHINX. By B. Gehle'n.

139

5. Genus : Sphinx L

S. ligustri L. (Vol. 2, p. 235, pi. 36 c). — ab. grisea Gloss (12 c) is a curious individual form, which
on account of its grey colouration without any admixture of rose reminds one of the related american spec¬
ies drupiferarum Abb. & Sm. (Vol. 6, p. 860, pi. 95 c). Also hindwings and abdominal spots are grey instead
of red. — A similarly very extreme aberration is ab. perversa Gehlen (12 b). Forewings with sharply outlined
dark area towards base. On hindwings the two inner black bands are completely merged throughout their
length, leaving however the rose basal area free and forming (when set) a continuation of the dark surface
of forewings. As the black outerband is displaced outwardly a wide rose central band is created. — ab.
unifasciata Gschw. has the two inner black bands absent, whilst the third, outer one is expanded and diffuse
inwardly. The red of hindwings is very pale outwardly and duskily dusted over. — Two subspecies of ligustri are
to be mentioned, one being from N. Africa, where until 1916 ligustri had not been captured, the other is from
East Asia closely resembling constricta Btlr. and possibly only an aberration of same, as it is described from
a single specimen: — nisseni R. & J. from Algeria reminds one of a dark european ligustri. Forewings without
yellowish tone; the 2 grey submarginal lines being confluent before the outer margin. On hindwings the 1st
and 2nd black bands are wide and conjoined from near the cell to the abdominal margin; the black submar¬
ginal band is wider than the red discal band and the blackish grey margin is wider than in lig. ligustri.
Underside darker; the black discal band of forewings uniformly black without any indication of subdivision.
The black median band of hindwings expands behind the 2nd median and the grey band on its outer edge
is not so distinct as in lig. ligustri. $ not yet known. — chishimensis Mats, from the Kurile Islands (Shiko-
tan) is very similar to constricta Btlr. (Vol. 2, pi. 36 c). The main difference is that the two inner black bands
of hindwings form a single band without a trace of rose between; the outer band is broader and therefore
the margin is narrower. The pale rose median band is, according to the original description, abt. 4 times
as wide as in constricta (?). On underside forewings have a wider pale postmedian band. Hindwings with 2
equally wide black bands (in constricta the outer one is paler) of which the inner one is not distinctly dent¬
ate along the veins; the white band between these bands is whiter. $ unknown.

S. pinastri L. (Vol. 2. p. 235, pi. 36 d). — ab. albescens Cockayne. From England. Body and wings
cream coloured. Wings with sparse brown scales, the two transverse bands of forewing and the space between
same at hind margin pale buff; apical streak and the 3 streaks behind same also buff. Longitudinal streak
on thorax buff; that on abdomen similar to grey-brown. — ab. vittata Gloss is a fairly common form with
well developed transverse bands with dark streaks. — ab. ferrea Gloss is a fairly dark, iron-grey form, which can
scarcely be differentiated from the type. — ab. albicolor Cockayne is also from England and only differs from
ab. albescens Cockayne, by a denser interspersion of brown scales, so that is appears darker. Also the dark
markings of body are darker. In both aberrations the blue-grey tone of the main type form is absent. ab.
rubida Cab. is red-brown on upperside of wings and thorax, streaks are brown-black, abdominal markings
typically black. — ab. stehri Stephan (12 b) is remarkable owing to the strong contrast between fore and
hindwings. The former are grey- white, whilst the latter are black with white streaks along costa; the central
shade and the streaks on forewings are very prominent. Also patagia are white with narrow black longi¬
tudinal stripes; captured on the Kapuzinerplatte near Bad Altheide. — ab. semilugens Andreas is a nice form
with dark brown or black central area to forewings, which is edged on both sides by grey-white, thus forming
a black band with white borders. — Finally we have ab. minor Stephan with indistinct apical streak and
abdominal marks; the dark marginal spots are absent and length of forewings is only 27 — 29 mm (this seems
to be a degenerate or starved form). — Now follow 5 subspecies described by Dr. Jordan, one being east-
asiatic and the others, remarkable to relate, european. The latter vary from one another, solely by the dif¬
ferent structure of the sexual apparatus. In all therefore there are now 7 pinastri subspecies known, which
Dr. Jordan divides into 3 groups according to the formation of the genitalia (Nov. Zook XXXVI, p. 243,
1931). The 10th segment, with the exception of the 2 asiatic races, shows only individual differences and
therefore has been left out of consideration in the subdivision. The differences refer partly to the aedeagus
but chiefly to the valve, respectively the harpe :

I. Upper and lower branches of the harpe fairly equally long-, the upper one being- widest behind the centre; apical
apophysis of aedeagus short: = 'pinastri morio JR. <0 J. (Vol. 2, pi. 36 d), pinastri arestus Jord.

IT. Upper branch of the harpe much longer than the lower, more or less heavily curved, almost always cylindrical
in the apical half, no prongs or only rudimentary. Apical apophysis of aedeagus long: = pinastri pinastri L., pinastri ce¬
nt sius Jord., pinastri medialis Jord.

III. Both branches of the harpe short, the upper one flat, pronged, triangularly elongated, pointed, proximally wide:
= pinastri massiliensis Jord., pinastri maurorum Jord. — arestus Jord. from the mouth of the Amur, i. e. Ussuri terri¬
tory, is very close to p. morio R. & J. from Japan. The black stripe on patagia not as wide as in morio, the stripe be¬
tween this and base of wings fainter grey. Forewings more uniformly grey, the black-brown shade at hind margin and on
the disc being less distinct, longitudinal streaks absent or only just traceable, apical streak narrow, white checks in fringe
smaller on both wings. On underside the shadowy discal band is narrower on both wings than the grey marginal area (in
p. morio they are equally large). The $ is unknown.

1 jrisea.

perversa.

unifasciata .

nisseni.

chishimen¬

sis.

albescens.

vittata.

ferrea.

albicolor.

rubida.

stehri.

semilugens.

minor.

140

DOLBINA; KENTOCHRYSALIS; OXYAMBULYX. By B. Gehlen.

cents ius.

medialis.

massilien¬

sis.

maurorum.

The following 4 subspecies have been denominated owing solely to differences in the genitalia, which

have already mainly been stated above: — cenisius Jord. from La Grave, high Alps in S. E. France.

medialis Jord. from La ( 'hatre. Dep. Indre, mid France. — massiliensis Jord. from Marseilles and Ste. Baume.
H. France. - maurorum Jord. from the Pyrenees, mid Spain and Algeria. It should be remarked here that
Dr. Jordan only had 2 Spanish specimens before him, of which one did not differ from massiliensis in the
formation of the harpe and should therefore also be named accordingly; according to this both massiliensis.
as well as maurorum occur in Spain. To elucidate the matter further abundant material is essential.

S. caligineus Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 236, pi. 36 d). — Besides the 2 subspecies mentioned in Vol. 2 there
is a 3rd. cal. brunnescens Mell (Vol. 10, p. 531) occurring in S. China. It is a transition between the two,

but no longer palaearctic. — According to Mell ova of caligineus are the green of fresh pine shoots. _ Larva

when full grown with 4 distinct longitudinal lines (rarely without stripes), a whitish green longitudinal line
at the level of the spiracles and a wide creamy yellow line along the legs. Horn through all moults almost
straight, its tip widely furcated, appearing almost like an anchor. Food plant: Pinus massoniana Lambert.
1 uPa dark brown and faintly glossy, darker on forehead and base of sheath of proboscis which is without
gloss and slightly rough. — Imago: proboscis about %rd the length of body. — A further species S. jor-
dani Mell (Vol. 10, p. 531) occurs in 8. ( 'hina, but does not extend to palaearctic territory.

G. Genus : l>olhina Stgr.

D. elegans A. B.-H. (12 a) from Syria (Iskenderun) is the smallest known Dolbina species. Expanse
.>9—41 mm. Head and thorax palely speckled, edges of collar and patagia delicately lined with black lines,
metathorax with distinct white scales and black scales just where it joins on to paler abdomen. First abdom¬
inal segment laterally lighter than the rest. Abdomen without such spotted markings as exacta or tancrei.
Ground colour of forewings grey-black, speckled with whitish grey, especially in central and marginal areas'
Base with small white spot on costa. An irregular antemedian double line, which curves inwards before the
hmd margin and is less distinct anteriorly. There are 3 discal lines that curve outwards in the middle, the
outer one is distinct, the inner ones are indistinct especially in the centre where they are partly confluent.
A number of fine but clear longitudinal streaks on the disc. The hair-fine black line is very striking, it
extends from near the base along 1st submedian to outer margin. Hindwings grey-black with traces of a band
in the outer half of wings. Early stages unknown although the species has been bred in Syria.

In regard to the early stages of Dolbina species it is remarked that whilst according to Graeser the
larvae and pupae could scarcely be differentiated from those of 8. ocellata, nevertheless, as Mell asserts in
his I anna Sinica II, there are considerable differences. Only of D. inexacta are the ova known, it is a
southern species, that does not extend into palaearctic regions. They are relatively large, similar in shape
and size to those of Clanis but yellow green, faintly glossy and elliptical.

7. Genus: Kentoclirysalls Stgr.

K. sieversi Alph. (Vol. 2, p. 237, pi. 37 a). — subsp. houlberti Oberth. from Ta-tsien-lu, W. China.
Just as in sieversi, only the is known. Stigma of forewings larger, streaks and apical line more prominent,
as the other black markings are more diffuse ; thereby it reminds one of pinastri. The dark lateral marks on the
tergites of the abdomen are smaller and not so conjoined as in the main type form.

8. Genus: Oxyamlmlyx R.AJ.

\ ery little was known as to the habits of this Genus when the 2nd Volume was published. It emerges
between 8 p. m. to towards the morning and is more irregular in this respect than any other Genus. When
at jest, the wings are spread out, only slightly inclining downwards; the edges of the wings cover the sides of
abdomen and only that part of the hindwings is visible that corresponds to the colour of forewings. The tip
of the body is slightly curved upwards and through its remarkable markings it imitates a head. During
the day the moths generally sit on large leaves at about the level of the human head. Each species varies in
i egaid to the degree of liveliness it shows on being disturbed in day time, schauffelbergeri is very lively, it has
the annoying custom of throwing itself on its back and sliding around, flapping and spoiling its wings. On
the other hand ochracea is very sleepy, as also are the non-palaearctic subocellata and kuantungensis. The
moths are not attracted to light. Mell has only once observed a single $ ochracea at light. (Vide further
Vol. 10, p. 533 and 534).

hcrUri' °* scha«ffGbergeri Brem. & Grey (Vol. 2, p. 239, pi. 37 a and Vol. 10, p. 534). Early stages: Ova,

that are deposited singly, pale bright green, longer than wide. — Larva: the green ground colour can change

CLANIS. By B. Gehlen.

141

to white-green, yellow-green, yellow or rusty-red (mottled). No central longitudinal stripe, white subdorsal
lines in anterior part, similarly a white line along the legs. 7 oblique stripes of curious blue- white colour,
which are characteristic of the Genus. Stigma slightly reniform, graphite grey with white edge. Horn green
or at base black-brown, roughly granulose. The larva is monophagous. Food plant: Pterocarya stenoptera C.

D. C. — Pupa: sleek, dull, cremaster coarse and projecting ventrally, tip with 2 short sharp bristles con¬
joined at base. — Distribution to South China.

0. ochracea Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 239, pi. 37 a and Vol. 10, p. 534). Early stages: Ova pale green. — Larva ochracea.
brightly coloured. Back and sides yellow-green, underside and below head grey-green. Subdorsal lines distinctly
white over the back of the head and 1st segment, thence less brightly yellow as far as and including the
3rd segment, further backwards they diffuse. Narrow but clear ventricular line from 1st to end of 3rd seg¬
ments. 7 yellowish oblique streaks. In the angles between these and the subdorsal line from segments 4 6

violet-white cuneiform marks, which are often edged by rusty red. In the oblique and longitudinal streaks
there are coarse conical humps; on underside of body are small raised white spots. Stigmata of the colour
of the skin with brilliant flame-shaped brown-green central stripe. Horn long, slightly curved upwards, grey-
green, point short and dull grey. The rusty red edges of the violet-white cuneiform marks vary considerably
in size, so that the entire caterpillar can be rusty red or brown with the exception of the cuneiform marks
and the green triangle in centre of head; the larva is known to occur also with yellow ground colour. In
China the larva is monophagous, the food plant being Poupartia Fordii Hemsl. As this plant does not occur
in Japan, ochracea must feed there on some other Anacardiacae. — Pupa coarse-grained; cremaster longer
than wide, it has a short rectangular glossy bar which is as thick as it is long and from its two extremities
on each side a terminating bristle stands out sideways. — The species which was hitherto known from N. India
and Japan, also occurs, as was to be expected, in China.

9. Genus: Clan is Hbn.

In Vol. 2 it was stated that the tongue at most extends to the base of the abdomen. Mell has
ascertained that it is somewhat longer than half the length of the body. Although the proboscis appears to
be capable of functioning, the Clanis species have never been observed visiting flowers. They are also not
attracted to light. — Mell’s observations as to the early stages and biology are very interesting. These refer
also in part to the Genera Leucophlebia and Polyptychus. — Ova greenish yellow, large, longer than wide;
deposited singly, but generally several on one plant and by preference in shady spots. Food plants Papilio-
naceae, plants that are not selected by other Sphingidae (excepting Sataspes) as regular food plants. Larva
plump (12,5 — 16 mm in bilineata), green, yellow is more frequent in undulosa than in bilineata. The forma¬
tion of the horn shows an inclination to reduction, in bilineata it is 6 — 8 mm long, in undulosa it is only
a short stump of 1 mm. Head with a sharp point until the last moult, after the last moult it is almost semi¬
circular and very thick; front of the head of different colour, gloss and surface to the back of same; these
characteristics make the Clanis larvae immediately recognisable. Only in these a variation in the number
of moults has been ascertained (4 in autumn broods = dry season period and 5 — 6 in wet season period).

When disturbed the full grown larvae bite with their strong hooked mandibles and in breeding it is advisable
to separate large and small larvae. The Clanis larva is a small eater (about one leaf a day, about the size
and thickness of a large clover leaf). The period until it is fullfed and ready for pupation is correspondingly
long (taking about 50 days). It is remarkable that hibernating larvae go into the earth for pupation in
the autumn, where however they do not change immediately into a pupa, but they remain in the earth
throughout the winter in the larval state and only change into a pupa in the Spring ! 1 he prae-pupal state
therefore lasts up to 9 months, whilst the actual period in the pupa is only 6 — 16 days. Similar conditions
prevail in the metamorphosis of Leucophlebia and Polyptychus and probably also in the African Pseudoclanis,
Leptoclanis and Platysphinx. Mell reports that Clanis larvae that had been 220 days in the earth were
able to crawl away on being disturbed ! Pupa is sleek, a deep red-brown and resembling a small Acherontia
pupa; cremaster stout with simple single point. — When at rest the moths fold their wings like a roof, the
legs are widely apart, the 3rd pair standing off and in the air, body stretched straight. The moths are co¬
matose and can easily be removed by hand.

C. bilineata WJcr. (Vol. 2, p. 239, pi. 37 c and Vol. 10, p. 537). The type emanates from Darjeeling, bilineata.
Japanese and Chinese specimens vary somewhat. Those from N. China form the subsp. tsingtauica Mell. 1 hey tsingiauica
are smaller than Indian specimens; body and forewings are more yellow and olive; outer margin of fore-
wings more convex, less retracted before the inner margin; 3 postmedian lines — especially in the dis¬

tinct, also the 2 antemedian lines are clearly recognisable, the 1st postmedian line is heaviest and is gener-
rally equally clear below the longitudinal streak, as costally of same ; costal spot of forewings reddish leathery
colour (pinkish buff) especially in A- Southern Chinese specimens are half way between the Indian and the
N. China forms. In the south of China a form acuta Mell (Vol. 10, p. 536) occurs.

C. undulosa Mr. (Vol. 2. p. 239, pi. 37 b). — subsp. jankowskii Gehlen (12 c) from Saishin, N. Corea jankowskii
is more darkly marked over the entire upperside than the type form, the lunae, especially on forewings are

lineata

Irilineaius.

draconis.

complacens.

irata.

142

LEUCOPHLEBIA ; POLYPTYCHUS; MA RUMBA. By B. Gehlex.

blacker and more heavily marked. Ground colour is more brown than yellow and the pale veins stand in
sharp relief, especially in posterior area. Also the black colouration of hindwings is deeper and more exten¬
sive. Underside is also darker and all markings are heavier. In South China subsp. roseata Mell, f. palles-
cens Mell and /. acuta Mali also occur; in regard to these compare Vol. 10, p. 536.

10. Genus: In eucoplilebia Ww.

L. lineata Ww. (Vol. 2, p. 240, pi. 37 c). — - Ova pale green, roundish. — Special characteristics
of the larva are its sleekness, the different colouration of the head to the rest of the body and the only
markings which consist of a subdorsal line. Horn carmine red to pale red-brown, tip straightly truncate.
The larva feeds up very slowly just as Clanis, taking 70 to 80 days ! It eats very little quantitatively. Hiber¬
nation takes place m the larval stage. Also in summer specimens the prae-pupal stages take on an average
double as long as the pupal stage. Just as in Clanis larvae it retains its prae-pupal capacity to crawl away.

Pupa roundish, smooth, the skin is thin and dull brown and it wriggles actively. Cremaster situate slightly
dorsally, it is short and pointed (slight traces of bifurcation).

11. Genus: Polyptyclms Hbn.

I he food plants of both species, so far known to occur on palaearctic territory are tree-like Boragi-
naceae (which is quite exceptional as a food plant for Sphingidae). Young larvae have black bifurcated head-
horn, which later on changes to green; after the last (5th) moult it is discarded, the head becomes roundish
and tapers off towards the top. Horn bold, 10 — 13 mm long and roughly granulose. The larvae are generally
in pairs on a bush, the ova appear to be deposited in pairs. On being disturbed the full grown larvae react
in a curious way, the first 3 segments are rolled back ventrallv. Pupae glossy red-brown, constricted on
metathorax; cremaster wider than thick, edge rough and glossy black, tip widely bifurcated. Formerly only
one specimen each of trilineatus and dentatus was known from China. Mell has discovered both species
in the south of China. Compare Vol. 10, p. 537 — 538.

P. trilineatus Mr. (\ ol. 2, p. 240). Ova roundish oval, watery green, very transparent. The young
larva has at the commencement its own particular peculiarity, as the first moult takes place before it has
eaten any leaf food, a recently hatched larva devours a part of its egg shell and then rests immovable on
a rib of a leaf nearby, awaiting the first moult. Besides from the first to the third moult it has an unusually
well developed head horn with distinct bifurcation, giving the general impression of a tail at each end
Ihe larval stage usually takes abt. 4 weeks. Also this species hibernates as larva in a prae-pupal state. —
It may be assumed that the metamorphosis of dentatus Cr. (Vol. 10, pi. 66 a) is similar. The southern Chi¬
nese form of trilineatus is subsp. tr. costalis Mali (Vol. 10, p. 538). Besides there are several subspecies oc¬
curring in the tropics.

P. draconis R. & J. (12 d). A species described in 1916 from Thibet, of which only a few specimens
are known. Probably the largest Polytychus so far discovered ; expanse of forewings of $ 57 mm, of $ 66 mm.
Similar to trilineatus , but ground colour more ashy grey, mixed with blackish and without the brownish tone.
Margins of wings more dentate. Apex of forewings more extended. Distribution of transverse lines on forewings
like in trilineatus. Both discal lines more regularly curved inwards from costal to hind margin, the outer
one more distinctly bordered with grey and not bending outwards. The cloudy subapical spot ends at ra-
dialis 3. Hindwings paler especially at costal margin. On underside of forewings the outer blackish line very
faintly indicated (almost extinct in $) and edged outwardly by a distinct grey-white line. The inner discal
line is extinct. The inner discal line on underside of hindwings is more heavily marked, the outer one almost
extinct, the entire outer marginal area is very dark and contrasts sharply from the inner area of wings, as
it is also edged on its inner border by a grey-white line. Genitalia are entirely different to those of trili¬
neatus and dentatus. Ihe 10th tergite ends in a wide, blunt hook; the sternite is a large shield, which is con-
\ex on the upperside and incurved apically, the two lobes separated by this intersection are widely round and
slightly bent downwards. The valve is much larger than in trilineatus and outwardly intersected. (Inspite of
the plate number indicated, this species was not illustrated in Vol. 10.)

12. Genus: Maruniba Mr.

M. gaschkewitschi complacens Wkr. (12 d and Vol. 2, p. 241). — Ova elliptical, the bright pale green
of a fiesh leaf. Pupa dark brown and coarse-grained; cremaster with 2 closely approximate points. — -
subsp. irata J. & K. (12 e) from fhibet, is denominated as a species by ,/. <0 K., it is however a subspecies
of gaschkewitschi , which can readily be differentiated from g. complacens , to which it is most closely related.
Firstly the fringes of both wings are distinctly white in the interstices between the veins; the 2 outer of
the 4 antemedian lines are heavily curved and are parallel to one another, the space between the ante and

LANGIA; PARUM; CYPA. By B. Gehlen.

143

postmedian lines is more densely filled with brown; the underside of wings is marked with brighter con¬
trasts; all the lines of hind wings end at the anal angle and are not parallel to one another, in contrast to
complacens. A sixth subspecies of gaschkewiischi, fortis Jord. occurs in S. W. China, but does not extend
into palaearctic territory; it is very like g. irata J . 6a K.

M. cristafa Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 241, pi. 42 e). — Ova ivory coloured, relatively large. — Larva like that of crisiata.
M. dyras (Vol. 2, pi. 42 e), but the wide white subdorsal stripe on the head is missing. — Pupa dull, almost
no gloss, somewhat sleeker than that of dyras ; cremaster large and bold, rough. — M. cristata occurs in south
China in slightly varying forms, viz : the winter form /. vern. ochrea Mell and in summer form /. aest. jo-
deides Mell (Vol. 10, p. 538).

M. dyras Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 241, pi. 42 e). Ova pale ivory colour with dull gloss, very large (2,8 : 2,0 mm), dyras.
top rather flat and easily recognisable from other Sphingidae ova. — Larva varies in colour, it occurs occa¬
sionally in yellow to orange colouration (actually however only such found on Biittneria) and then has rusty
red oblique stripes. On the other hand those found on Pterospermum, which has a white underside to its
leaves, are occasionally white-green! — Pupa dark brown, slightly glossy, cremaster spines grown together.

— The moth is much attracted to light. Vide also Vol. 10, p. 539.

M. sp&rchius Men. (Vol. 2, p. 241, pi. 38 a and Vol. 10, p. 539). — subsp. ussurieiisis 0. B.-H. Contrary ussurien-
to its common occurrence in Japan, sperchius is rare in the Amur region; it forms here the above subspecies, 8

which is smaller than the main type form (92 — 96 mm expanse). Porewings paler, outwardly almost white;
hind wings are paler pinky brown. On underside the difference in colour is more marked: costa of forewings
and apex almost white, hindwings similarly except for a brown anal spot. — ab. ochracea 0. B.-H. is an aber- ochracea.
ration of same with ochreous yellow ground colour. — In the south of China a further subspecies handelii
Mell occurs; in regard to same see Vol. 10, p. 539.

13. Genus: JLangin Mr.

L. zenzeroides Mr. (Vol. 2, p. 242). Ova relatively small, yellow-green, glossy like porcelain. — Pupa zenzeroi-
is about double as stout, as other Sphingidae pupae of the same length; the tergites stretching towards the
dorsum like wide plump cuneiform bulges ; colour inky grey or dark blue grey; lustreless, rigid and almost im¬
movable; smeared with earthy grey and thus resembling a clump of earth or a stone, but not like a live
insect (Mell); it has a greater weight than any other known Sphingidae pupae, a weighed 22 g (roughly

8 oz) on the day of pupation. — Langia have only one brood. Duration of pupal stage abt. 10 months (from

May, June to the following February, March). — When at rest the moths have their wings very obliquely
downwards, the abdomen is curved upwards in a falcate attitude. After emerging from the pupa, until com¬
plete development of the \vings a period of abt. 3 hours elapses ! In south China the subsp. nina Mell. (Vol. 10,
p. 540) occurs.

14. Genus: l*ar«iin R.dhJ.

P. colligafa Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 242, pi. 38 b and Vol. 10, p. 541). Ova small, whitish with faint lustre, colligata.
Larva green, rarely whitish green, pale, yellow or varying yellow; head round with 2 pairs of white stripes;
spiracles sky blue with white longitudinal intersecting streak; segments with white conical belt of humps;

7 oblique stripes; horn straight, granulose, medium length, tip bifurcated. — Pupa dull grey-black, almost
without lustre and very immovable ; cremaster large with 2 bold pointed straight projections, which bear small
lateral projecting spines.

15. Genus: €ypa Wkr.

This indo-australian Genus was not discovered on palaearctic territory until 1926; only one species
was known and that was from India. Today 4 species are known, of which the one occurs in Masuri,

N. W. Himalaya touching our territory there. Mell has also found one species in south China. — The
characteristics of the Genus, which was dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 541, are as follows: Proboscis very short
and weakly; pilifer short with brush of long hairs; head small and with tuft; eyes small and ciliated; palpi
small, not porrect. Antennae with long end segment that bears a number of spines at or near the tip, the
3 anterior segments small, short, rhomboidal when viewed from the side, closely compressed in cilia long,
cylindrical in the $. Outer edge of forewings with irregular lobes, or at all events not straight; 2nd radialis
of hindwings below centre of cell, 2nd subcostal nervure on long stalk with 1st radialis, 2nd and 3rd radialis
straight; upper angle of cell 90 °, lower angle obtuse; costa of hindwings straight.

C. palletis -Jord. has 2 subspecies of which the one occurs in Sikkim to Assam, the other in N. W. pallens.
India: pallens -Jord. (Vol. 10, p. 592) from Masuri, N. W. Himalaya. Probably the largest Cypa species. Length
of forewings 34 mm in $, with 13,5 mm width. Body and basal half of wings grey-brown with faint rosy
hue, outer half rather a pale sepia colouration. Fore wings with dark stigma, beyond same a diffuse dark

144

MIMAS; CALLAMBULYX ; SMERINTHUS. By B. Gehlen.

transverse shade. Between this and the marginal shade, the outer marginal area is faintly paler. On the
whole it is paler than decolor (Vol. 10, pi. 62 c). The pale, almost cream coloured hindwings contrast sharply
from the fore wings and the body.

16. Genus: Mimas Hbn.

tiliae. M. tiliae L. (Vol. 2, p. 243, pi. 38 c). As might be expected in such a variable species, a considerable

number of aberrations and forms must be enumerated. First of all Tutt’s forms. As already mentioned by
Dr. Jordan in Vol. 2, Tutt sub-divided according to ground colour; the brown, green and bleached forms
therefore received a multiple name with the addition of brunnea, virens and pallida. — Further we have: ab.
bimargina- bimarginalis Gillm. the spots of central band of forewing are only retained as small marginal spots at costa
constricta. an<^ hind margin. ab. constricta Gillm. has a complete band, but same is reduced in size to a narrow
excessiva. Mint stripe. ab. excessiva Gillm. has the anterior spot of the band enormously increased, whilst the
trimacula- posterior one is small. — ab. trimaculata Brornb. the anterior spot of band is intersected in 2 parts. — ab.
inversa'. inversa Gillm. the posterior spot is divided, whilst the anterior one is normal. — ab. pseudotrihiaculata Gillm.
pseudo- is the same aberration, but the anterior spot does not extend to costa. — ab. semicentripimcta Bunge is an
triTeniiccn- ab’ ceniripuncta, in which the posterior spot is only faintly retained. — ab. viridis Gloss has pale yellowish
tripuncta. green fore wings without any variation in the shade of colour at marginal area. — ab. clara Gloss has red brown
Viciara Centfal area with Sreen band- — ab. discifera Gloss the central band has a spot at the costa of the same colour
discifera. as maldle area. ab. roseofincta Schaw. has rosy ground colour with green band and green outer margin. —
roseotincta. ab. vitrina Gehlen (12 c) is a very remarkable aberration, differing from normal specimens by having a round
r ii fob run- transParent disk ln the size of a pea on both hindwings. — ab. rufobrunnea Lenz are red-brown specimens
nea. with pale reddish ground colour. — ab. atroviridis Lenz are dark green with black green central band. —
atroviridis. all. atrobrunnea Lenz are dark brown with black-brown central band. — ab. marginalis Macke has a complete
ahub'un-. band, but same does not extend as far as costa, ending 2 mm from same. — ab. griseothoracea Cab. has a

marginalis. grey-white thorax devoid of markings, only at base of same there are 2 greenish, barely visible dots.
griseothora¬
cea. The following denominations are in my opinion synonyms, as the minute differences do not warrant a

sub-division: ah. bimaculata Gill. = tiliae vara L., ab. colon Gillm. = bipuncta Clark, ab. fasciata Gillm. =
transversci Tuft. One must reject the denomination ab. maculata Wllgr., as the description is too vague. According
to V allengren one could name all tiliae that have the central band divided into any number of spots as
ab. maculata, therefore also tiliae vera.

17. Genus: CallsiiiifHilyx R.&J.

tatarinovi. C. tatarinovi Brem. & Grey (Vol. 2, p. 244, pi. 38 b). — Head of larva extended to a straight point,

which is incised at the tip and is red-brown and bifurcate. Farva thicker at front and hind ends; it is com¬
pletely covered with short pale conical humps; on the markings, lines and pronotum these humps are coarser.
Horn 6 mm, glossy and porcelain-like with short dark granulations. — Pupa rich dark brown; cremaster grey-
flavina. black with glossy black quill, which is bifurcated at tip. — ab. flavina Aust. from Japan is pale brown on upper-
side with pale buff markings instead of dark green and pale green. The underside is lemon yellow instead
of green. The author presumes that all specimens of the 2nd generation have this colouration. As the descrip¬
tion is made on the basis of a single specimen (captured in August), one cannot assert, until further material
is available, that this is a f. aest., but can only consider same an aberration, which forms a transition to
/. eversmanni Eversm. (Vol. 2, p. 244).

18. Genus: Smerintlms Latr.

J he genus extends in Asia southwards over the Yangtse-kiang to south China, where Mell dis¬
covered S. planus Wkr. The area of distribution is therefore enlarged to the 8th degree latitude.

obscura. S. kindermanni Led. (Vol. 2, p. 244, pi. 38 d). — f. aest. obscura Closs from Syria is darker than the

meridio- spring form; also hindwings are darker red. — subsp. meridionalis Gehlen (13 a) from Bashahr, N. India (Hima-
nalls- layas 5000 m) on the boundary of the palaearctic territory, is larger than kindermanni and has as dark a ground
colour as k. kindermanni, although it is closer geographically to the pale coloured subsp. orbota Gr.-Grsh. and
obsoleta Stgr. Antennae are dark brown on top; the pale markings of forewings more whitish grey and not
so yellowish as the other races. Apex of hindwings rounder, not so pointed; the transverse bands are much
more clearly pronounced in the anal angle of hindwings, the most anterior pale stripe expands forming a
spot. ( )n underside the carmine red basal area of forewings is edged outwardly by a deep carmine red trans¬
verse band. Pulvillus scarcely discernible. Length of forewings 38,5 mm. $ unknown. The area of distribu¬
tion of kindermanni has been extended somewhat southwards by its capture in Bashahr. — The area of distri-
caecus. bution of S. caecus Men. (\ ol. 2, p. 244, pi. 38 cl) extends westwards over the Urals into the province of Le¬
ningrad, where larvae of the speeies have been discovered (Moeberg).

Publ. 2. VIII. 1932. AMORPHA; HAEMORRHAGIA; CEPHONODES. By B. Gehlen.

145

S. ocellata L. (Vol. 2, p. 244, pi. 38 d). — ab. diluta Closs has markings of forewings diffuse and indist- diluta.
inct, so that the black postdiscal spot stands out prominently. — ab. flavescens Neumann has yellow replac- flavescens.
ing the red on hindwings and underside. — ab. gtisea Closs with grey-brown instead of red-brown forewings, grisea.

— ab. ollivryi Oberth. is a very remarkable aberration, which gives the impression of being a hybrid. The blue- ollivryi.
black ocellus of hindwing is replaced by a buff-brown patch, on which the dark brown veins stand out clearly.

Also forewing markings are absent except for a few spots. Locality is the lower Loire.

S. planus Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 245, pi. 38 e). Larva differs from that of ocellata chiefly by the venomous planus.
green horn, spiracles red-brown, oblique stripes yellowish instead of white. Pupa differs from that of ocellata
by a faint ivory-like gloss. The end point of the cremaster spine is about double as long. — f. clarissimus clarissl-
Mell (12 e) is the north Chinese spring form, of which Mell gives the following characteristics: pale markings mU:

on both sides of wings, pure white to ,,tilleul buff“, the subapical pale spot of forewings more sharply out¬
lined on upperside than the postdiscal. Also on underside the paler patches are clear, especially the subapical
spot and postdiscal band, which extends to inner margin; a whitish streak from 2nd radial to inner margin almost
equally distinct; on hindwings the inner silvery patch on costal margin is very clear, the postdiscal band
not so distinct as on forewings. — subsp. alticola Clark from Lungtan, N. China, is a dwarf form, expanse alticola.
of forewings <$ 23 mm, $ 26 mm. Upperside of fore wings is a cinnamon brown, yellowish grey, markings less
distinct, ground colour paler than the type form. The red of hindwings is reduced and not so bright.

19. Genus: Amorplia Ky.

A. populi populi L. ( Vol. 2, p. 245, pi. 38 e). — ab. schSngarthi Closs has no central band on forewings, schongarthi.
but 5 sharply dentate transverse bands. — ab. angustata Closs with very narrow central band on forewings, angustata.

— ab. flavomaculata Mezg. has yellow-brown basal spots on hindwings instead of red-brown. — ab. philiponi Huard flavomacu-
is probably identical with ab. pallida Tutt. — subsp. philerema Djakonov from Bokhara is smaller than populi ^ laia-
and has ochreous ground colour, the rusty patch on hindwings is absent. Bands faint (this form is presumably vhlletema-
identical with A. amurensis Stgr., or at all events a subspecies of the latter). — populi austauii Stgr. (Vol. 2,
p. 245, pi. 39 a) ab. brunnea Huard from Algeria is dark brown and gives the impression of an oily specimen; brunnea.
markings diffuse, especially on hindwings.

20. Genus: Hacmori’fiagia Grt.

H. tityus L. (Vol.. 2, p. 248, pi. 40 a) ab. reducta Closs has in place of the wide black abdominal belt on reducta.
upperside only a narrow streak (only one segment is black). — ab. ferrugineus Steph. has hyaline parts of wings ferrugineus.
suffused with rusty yellow. — subsp. aksasia LeCerf from Morocco is larger than type form, about as large as alcsana.
fuciformis. The green of thorax is less yellowish. On fore wings the grey basal area is more extended, marg¬
inal band blackish.

H. fuciformis L. (Vol. 2, p. 248, pi. 40 b). — In ab. circularis Steph. the abdominal belt is black like circularis.
in heynei Bartel , but wider and intersected by two grey-white silvery glossy semicircles. — ab. rebeli Anger rcbeli.
shows an increase in the pale red- brown scaling. On fore wings and hindwings the margins are very wide,
the spot at disco-cellular of forewings is extended to beyond the cell. On hindwings the olive-green basal
area is edged outwardly by a wide pale red-brown transverse band with a diffuse outer edge. In conse¬
quence and in conjunction with the wide margin, the hyaline area is much reduced. In ab. musculus Wgn. musculus.
all the usually olive-green patches are reddish grey. — subsp. jo r dam" Clark from Morocco is larger and darker jordani.
than european specimens and has dentate marginal areas on fore and hindwings. The cell is more filled out.

H. croatica Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 248, pi. 40 e) ab. obseurata Closs (12 a) from Dalmatia with dark blackish obscnrata.
green forewings. The 2 red abdominal belts very dark red, the 2 anterior segments being black-green,
ab. rangnowi Closs from the Kalmuck Steppes (Volga) has very narrow red-brown marginal bands to forewings, rangnowi.
Hindwings are extraordinarily small and pale without any darker margin. The last abdominal segments are
sulphur yellow, the anal tuft is velvety black without any red central mark. On underside the red belts
have a yellow spot in centre.

21. Genus: Clcplionories Hbn.

C. hylas L. (Vol. 2, p. 249, pi. 40 d and Vol. 10, p. 544). — According to Mell the full grown larva hylas.
tapers off towards the front, it is either a delicate green or yellow, an autumn specimen being pale rose-red;
head devoid of markings; pronotum bulging in a collar, densely covered with yellow, rarely with white,

Supplementary Volume 2 19

in/ernalis.

scoiii.

confluens.

nigra.

rubiginosa.

146 SATASPES; DEILEPHILA; AMPELOPHAGA. By B. Gehlen.

pearl-like markings; dorsum widely edged with white, therefore sometimes appearing like whitish porcelain;
subdorsally it is clear white, often with reddish tinge on upperside, in the yellow form completely red. Gener¬
ally at its lower edge, rarely also at upper edge there are black dots and streaks; a wide cinnamon-brown
longitudinal line commences on the 4th or 5th segment, it proceeds from the region of the prolegs down¬
wards, sometimes the entire ventral area is red-brown. 8 distinct anulae without conical belt on each segment.
Stigmata Vermillion with a distinct white spot above and below; true legs carmine red with black base ; claspers
and abdominal fold densely and distinctly granulose. Horn sharply bent with short end and sharply pointed,
bluish green on upperside, green below, laterally yellowish, the short end with black granules, 4 moults. —
Food plants: Rubiaceae and Cornaceae.

22. Genus: Sataspes Mr.

S. infernalis Ww. (Vol. 2, p. 249, pi. 40 e). Also of this interesting species Mell is able to furnish
particulars of the early stages, which were unknown. — Ova pale bright green. They are laid on small Albizzia
bushes, which is the chief food plant, always only one egg on a bush. About 88% of the eggs are infested
by ichneumons. — The full grown larva is ambuLycinous type, moults 4 times and is exceedingly variable
in colour and markings. Ground colour is whitish green, through all shades of green, yellowish green to lemon
yelloAv; 7 pale yellow or white oblique stripes, which occasionally are edged above with blue-green; anterior
segments with small white or yellowish conical marks, which on the posterior segments generally change
to rows of yellowish spots, similar to those of Macroglossa larvae. The oblique stripes consist of distinct rows
of dots. The head on closer examination has two points, smooth with white marginal streaks; the back of the
head is distinctly green, the front pale whitish. The 4 — 5 mm long green horn has dark granules on upper-
side, slightly convex and pointed. Stigmata ambulycid: a white central streak divides two small pale lilac
elliptical areas, outer edge white. True legs black with white central segment. — Pupa uniformly red-brown;
cremaster large with black glossy point. — In regard to the imago some biological observations are very
interesting: At rest the wings are spread out, touching the abdomen laterally but not covering same; the an¬
tennae in bred specimens were extended; the insect gives the general impression of being a bumble bee. On
any slight disturbance the abdomen is drawn up and curved as if to sting, so that the resemblance to a
humble bee about to sting is so great, that even an expert unconsciously quickly withdraws his hand
(Mell). Bred specimens emerge and commence to fly at break of dawn and are quite worn by midday. Mell
never observed the moths in nature as being attracted to flowers, but he saw them visit patches of water.
At a puddle of water about midday a specimen was an almost daily visitor, flying round the edge once or
twice and then skimming the water 3 or 4 times. Mell could not decide whether it took up water with its
proboscis or anal aperture. The insects always approached from the same direction and returned from whence
they came, making a humming, droning sound like that of a bumble bee in flight.

S. scoffi Jord. (Vol. 10, p. 546) from Dehra-Dun in N. W. India, where it approaches the palaearctic
boundary, which it probably occasionally reaches. Ground colour of upperside grey-brown. Segments 2, 5 — 7
and anal tuft blackish. The following parts of the body are dull yellow: 1. tergite, tips of spiracular hair tufts
of abdomen, anterior surface of front femora, upperside of front tibia and tarsus, and outersides of middle
and hind legs. No pronounced metallic gloss. Forewings not so extended; margin shorter and more convex.

23. Genus: Dcilcpliila Lasp.

D. nerii L. (Vol. 2, p. 250, pi. 39 c.) confluens Closs from Syria differs from type by the absence of
the rose-red transverse band and its posterior dark green, dentate arched edge on forewings. The green discal
and basal area are confluent forming a large longish patch, which fills the entire anterior half of the wings
up to the pale border behind the disc and which is edged posteriorly by a narrow pale rose coloured streak
along the hind margin. The discal band between costa and 3rd radialis is wider with yellowish white centre.
Through the absence of the wide transverse band the forewing loses its characteristic type of the oblique
markings and in place of same adopts a distinct longitudinal type of marking. — ab. nigra Schmidt does
not vary in the markings, but only in the colouration. The markings on the wings are very dark, almost
black, the pale bands are also suppressed by the monotonous black, so that they are only faintly visible.

24. Genus: Ampelophaga Brem. & Grey.

A. rubiginosa Brem. & Grey (Vol. 2, p. 250, pi. 39 d and Vol. 10, p. 549). The particulars of the early
stages can be amplified as follows: Ova pale green, somewhat longer than wide. — Larva tapers off consider¬
ably anteriorly, green with pale yellow streaks. Dorsal and subdorsal extend over the entire body. The
dorsal forms an edge to the triangle of the head. 9 oblique stripes arise from the line of the legs and merge

ACOSMERYX; RETHERA; GURELCA. By B. Gehlen.

147

in the subdorsal, so that this appears to be formed of arcs. Spiracles carmine red to red-brown, with a white
spot above and below. True legs pale grey, black outwardly at base. Horn grey-green, convex and pointed.

Pupa dull red-brown on dorsum, faintly glossy, underside pale grey-brown with paler and darker markings;
cremaster gradually decreasing in size and elongated. Tip dull but glossy, generally visibly bifurcated. — ab.
submarginalis Mats, differs from the type by having a reddish yellow band beyond the postmedian band and .submar yi-
the outer marginal area is darkened.

25. Genus: Acosmeryx Bsd.

A. naga Mr. (Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 39 c and Vol. 10, p. 550). This species which was hitherto known from narja.

N. India and Japan has now also been found by Mell in S. China, as was to be expected. About the early
stages, the following is now known: Ova longer than wide, generally glossy brilliant green, more rarely pale
green; apparently generally deposited in pairs. Larva pale green: back and sides with dense whitish or yel¬
lowish dots; subdorsal anteriorly white, in the 3rd segment yellow and beyond same bluish white, narrowly
blue-red at upper edge and above same dark green; dorsal only on head, double, indistinct and pale. 7
whitish green oblique stripes, extending to subdorsal. True legs impure pale brownish with black base. Horn
short, convex and pointed. — The larva feeds on Ternstroemiaceae, probably also on Vitaceae.

A. castanea R. <fc J. (Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 39 e and Vol. 10, p. 551). The larva is apparently monochrome castanca.
green; subdorsally white, in 4th segment yellowish and from thence with narrow but very distinct red edge
on upperside, in the horn segment however widely white without red. Underside dull chocolate-brown, only dull
pale greenish between the legs. Horn green, convex, 7 mm. True legs impure brown, black at base. — Food
plants as for A. naga and Saxifragaceae. — - According to Mell hibernated specimens differ from summer
forms: the former are larger and have much brighter colouration and markings; the darker shades are dark¬
er and the paler shades more bluish grey-white. Summer specimens from the same locality (Yokohama) are
more brown and markings diffuse. Specimens from S. China form a geographical race, they are much paler
than the main type from Japan. (For further particulars compare Vol. 10.)

20. Genus: Retie <era R. & J.

R. komarovi Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 39 b) subsp. drilon Rbl. & Zerny. The species, which hitherto drilon.
was only known from Asia, was recently unexpectedly also discovered in Europe, at Brutti on the Drin in
Albania, where it is found in subspecies drilon. It is smaller than the main type form from Transcaspia. Ground
colour of forewings dark olive green, edges of marginal area more sharply marked, strikingly edged with black
on inner edge. The white central band is more distinct and extends clearly to hind margin. Discoidal spot in¬
tersected by rusty transverse line. Ground colour of hindwings is ochreous without the rusty suffusion of
the main type. Black submarginal line is much more distinct. Underside of wings not rose as in type but a
rich claret colour, inner marginal areas of wings rusty yellow. The white hairs on tegulae seem to spread
wider.. Abdomen appears to be shorter and forms a sharper point in and $•

27. Genus: Gurelea Ky.

In regard to the distribution of this Genus, it is remarked that it does not only occur in Asia, but
also in America. Clark has ascertained 2 mexican species (vide Vol. 6, p. 885). When the 2nd Volume was
published only 2 asiatic species were known, namely hyas Wkr. and masuriensis Btlr. Meanwhile a 3rd species
G. montana R. & J . (Vol. 10, p. 554) has been discovered and finally Dr. Jordan has ascertained that G.
himachala Btlr., which had hitherto been held to be synonymous with masuriensis Btlr., is a separate distinct
species to which subsp. sangaica Btlr. (which until this discovery was considered a subspecies of G. masuricnis
Btlr.) belongs. There are now therefore 4 asiatic species known, namely G. liyas Wkr., masuriensis Btlr.,
himachala Btlr. and montana R. A J. ; of these G. himachala has a second subsp. G. himachala sangaica Btlr.

A separation of masuriensis and himachala has become necessary because Major F. B. Scott has bred both
species and ascertained that the larvae of the two sorts are dissimilar. The species described in Vol. 2 as G.
masuriensis Btlr. is actually G. himachala Btlr. and the subspecies G. masuriensis sangaica mentioned there
is really G. himachala sangaica Btlr. — In regard to the early stages and biology Mell has also here been
able to supply details. Food plant of the asiatic Gurelca species is Paederia tomentosa Bl. The larvae are never
on climbing branches, but always only on loose bits on the earth or adhering to rocks and which during the
day are exposed to the full rays of the sun.

G. hyas Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 40 g and Vol. 10, p. 554, pi. 64 d). — The ground colour of the larva hyas.
varies considerably, from brilliant green through all shades of grey-green to earthy grey and quite dark black-
brown. Subdorsal lines from segment 2 to 7 pale, however very distinct from segment 8 to the horn. Horn

h imachala.
sangaica.

purpureo-

signata.

masurien¬

sis.

mo nt ana.

148 SPHINGONAEPIOPSIS; PANACEA. By B. Gehlen.

0,5 mm long, dull green, black-brown on top with end cut off straightly. — Pupa pale parchment yellow to
ivory coloured; cremaster with various forked spines standing out laterally.

G. himachala himachala Btlr. (= [Lophura] erebina Btlr.) (Vol. 2, p. 251, designated there as masu¬
riensis Btlr.). From N. W. India, the Himalayas, Bhutan, Khasia Hills, Cherrapunji. — subsp. sangaica Btlr.
(Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 40 g) (designated there as well as in Vol. 10, p. 554, as a subsp. of masuriensis). From China,
Corea, Japan and Formosa. — Larva of very variable colouration and marking as in hyas, horn however 16 mm
long, tip forked; 10 tubercle bristly segments. True legs dull grey. — Pupa very similar to that of hyas. — ab.
pmpureosignata Class. The uppersides of the palpi are a nice crimson, as also are a spot on the centre of
the head and the edge of the collar.

G. masuriensis Btlr. More grey than himachala , the anal angle of forewings is shorter, the hindmargin
is not so deeply excurved as himachala ; the black marginal band of hindwings is wider anteriorly and not
so clearly outlined there, the black-brown colouration extends in rays into the disc; the yellow area is paler,
especially on the underside. Anal tergite more compressed than in himachala , the sternite less wide and grad¬
ually tapering off to a point. Harpe spatuliform, concave on upperside. Aedeagus at the end with a distinct
ridge, ending in a sharp hook on both sides.

G. monfana R. A J. ( = saturata Mell) (12 d) from Thibet and West Yunnan is similar to himachala ,
Imt somewhat larger; body greyer, palpi without yellow. Wings longer and narrower. Outer margin of fore¬
wings, especially behind the 1st radialis more heavily dentate than in the other species; also hind margin and
anal angle more deeply excurved. Ground colour of forewings a nice silky ashy grey without the red-brown
shades and streaks of the other species. Ihere is a dark postdiscal band which has a clearcut outward white
edge. The subapical spot forms 4 sagittate marks pointing inwards. On hindwings the dark marginal band
tapers off posteriorly like in h. sangaica, being more diffuse, black-brown, extending considerably at apex
and at the costal margin it extends basally to the inner fold; apical lobe grey-blue inwardly edged with black. On
underside the forewings are dark brown to the postdiscal stripe, which is brownish or buff at hind margin.
Hindwings ashy brown-grey. Anal area is pale straw-buff without distinct outline. — Larva is green with
lateral dorsal stripes over the entire length, which enclose a rusty brown patch behind the horn; where the
yellow oblique stripes intersect, the colour is rusty red. The spiracles are white and “8” shaped with black
outer edges. True legs reddish. Underside posteriorly rusty brown. Horn of medium length, slightly inclining
forwards, dull grey with a pale ring in the middle, the tip forked. The pale ring on the horn, its bifurcation
in the full grown larva, the dark colouration of the ventral anal segment and the rusty red patch behind
the horn in a green Garden larva are characteristic of this species.

28. Genus: Spliiugonaeplopsis Wllgr.

According to Mell the larvae are similar to those of Garden , but unicoloured green or brown with
simple or predominant longitudinal stripes. Horn is longer than in Guretea, straight or faintly curved upwards ;
spiracles as in Gurelca. — Pupa of the southern Chinese species similar to that of Garden but immediately
distinguishable from same by the black streakings. (Pupae of the other species of the Genus have not yet
been described.) (In regard to this Genus see also Vol. 10, p. 555 and Vol. 14, p. 377.)

29. Genus: I*auacra Wkr.

Of the many Panacra species none was known from palaearctic territory until 1926, nevertheless a
number extend almost into same. The area of distribution is indo-australian. In 1926 Clark discovered a sub¬
species in I zekou, China and Gehlen described one from N. W. India and these are so far the only repre¬
sentatives in palaearctic territory. The genus is fully dealt with in Vol. 10 (p. 551—553) and has the following
characteristics: large head and very sleek and pointed abdomen of the <$<$. Palpi large. Antennae of
setiform, of $ slightly thicker distally, hooked tip short and truncate; the last segment is narrow, longish
and conical not filiform, with long seti-fimbriatae (as Theretra). Abdomen terminating with a tuft of hair.
Spurs of central tibiae almost equally long, those of hind tibiae very unequal, the longer ones being about
as long as the second tarsal joint. Middle tarsus with brush of hair. Paronychium and pulvillus are present.

Ova longer than wide with rusty spotted lines (no other Sphingidae ova are known with markings). Larva
green with longitudinal stripes, tapering off anteriorly; laterally a small ocellus on the 4th segment. Ac¬
cording to Mell the larvae repose in an immovable and extended attitude during the day, resembling a twig
and they do not change their attitude on being disturbed or attacked. — - The pupa is a curious pale bone-
grey or stone-like grey-brown with speckles of lichen-green and thereby closely resembling its surroundings; cre¬
master wide in the shape of a drake’s bill.

THIBETIA; SPHECODINA; PROSERPINUS. By B. Gehlen.

149

P. metaUica Bilr. (Vol. 10, p. 552, pi. 64 c) subsp. anfracta Gehlen from Simla, N. V/. India, from whence anfrada.
it may extend to palaearctic territory. It is smaller than type form, wing expanse of <3 being 28 mm. Wings
sleeker. Upperside darker with more curved discal bands. The two pale apical spots are smaller, the poster¬
ior one being nearer base. On hind wings the pale band is shortened, darker and not wider than the margin¬
al area. Underside shows greater contrasts, the basal half of wing being darker; the light patches are a purer
rusty red. $ unknown.

P. perfecta Bilr. (Vol. 10, p. 552, pi. 56 C b) subsp. tsekoui Clark from Tzekou, China, has sleeker wings per/eda.
than the type form, thorax and abdomen being paler on upperside. Also mentioned in Vol. 10, as southern
China belongs to the Indian territory.

29. (bis) Genus: Tliibetia J.&K.

The Genus was established in 1917 by Joicey and Kaye and is closest to the Genus Panacra Wkr.

Head large standing out prominently, with a central comb, 3 antennae long and stout, with short pectin¬
ations, and long tip which tapers off gradually. Palpi large, porrect, the 2nd segment much larger than the 1st.

Hind tibiae with 2 pairs of long and almost equally long spurs. Central and hind tarsi with comb. The bent
spur of front tibiae is very stout. Wings short, apex very blunt. Outer margin very concave before and be¬
hind the centre. Lower angle of cell almost rectangular. Hindwings without lobes at anal angle.

T. niphaphylla J. <£■ K. from Thibet. Wing expanse 52 mm. Upper side: head, thorax, abdomen and fore- niphaplujl-
wings dull black-brown. Forewings with 3 antemedian lines pointing towards the base; just beyond the cell
an almost straight discal line ; 2 undulate postdiscal lines. Below the apex a reddish yellow shade ; a dark
brown shade separates a large apical area. Hindwings impure black-brown or reddish brown with dark margin
which is widest between 3rd and 2nd radialis. Underside: base of palpi, thorax, abdomen and discal areas
of all wings dull reddish. An irregular brown marginal band, which is widest at 2nd radialis on fore and hind¬
wings. On hindwings a pair of indistinct curved discal lines.

30. Genus: Spliecodiiia Blch.

S. caudata Brem. & Gray (Vol. 2. p. 252, pi. 39 e and Vol. 10, p. 555). — In regard to the larva Mell caudata.
gives many interesting details, which in part I should like to recount here. I he full grown larva is of striking
appearance. The body tapers off anteriorly being somewhat wide r t h a n h i g h. (The Sphecodina larva is
probably the only known Sphingidae. larva that is distinctly wider than high.) Instead of a horn it has a coral-
red knob situate on a shield of the same colour or chocolate brown shade. Colour of body including the head
is a nice pale leaf-green (the indication “blackish” in Vol. 2 probably refers to Colour of pupa). Head larger
than the 1st segment. On being disturbed the full grown larva rolls up from its head sideways, so that with
its dark lateral chocolate coloured stripes it forms a spiral that imitates and looks just like the green and
brown shell of a snail, the claspers remaining fastly adhering to the twig. The anal segment is somewhat raised
over the claspers, bulging out laterally and sharply pointed posteriorly, giving the impression that it is a
head. In consequence of the bulge, abrupt tip, startling knob and the remarkably contrasting colourations, the
larva has a terrifying appearance, so that anyone, even an expert, observing same in nature for the first time,
can scarcely “believe the story true”. The shape and attitude of the body together with the markings are
all three unique in the Genus and nevertheless they all harmonise together surprisingly. — Also the imago
has its peculiarities. When resting the wings are lifted from the body, resting widely “spread-eagled , on small
twigs they are almost at rightangles downward from the body. With the slightest disturbance, both 3 and 2
hop off, sitting on the earth with rapidly vibrating and droning wings, the head stretched down, the abdomen
arched and stretching upwards, like an ant that is about to exude acid; the tufts of hair seem to stand out
threateningly, sometimes the basal segment of the abdomen is withdrawn and stretched out again. The im¬
pression of a stinging Hymenoptera is astonishing. Neither Mell nor his men discovered the imago in nature.

From its behaviour in the breeding cage Mell assumes that it flies by day.

31. Genus: I*roserpiiius Him.

P. proserpina Pallas (Vol. 2, p. 252, pi. 40 g). ab. iilfumata Gloss. The black margin of hindwing is infumata.
widely diffuse inwards, so that the yellow is quite dusky. — ab. schniidti Schmidt is a more intensive yellow- schmidli.
grey on forewings. The yellow of hindwings is replaced by grey, only a trace of same is still visible at

gig as

convergens

cyanea.

dealbata.

wnbrosa.

major.

kruegeri.

rubcscens.

dealbata.

rosea.

cingulata.

albeola.

rcverdini.

velutina.
sat arietta.

latefasciata.

subvittata.

apiciplaga.
ruhlii'.
see p.286
PUdwdk J

conjuncta.

philippsi.

canarina.

gonneri.

ernata.

unimacula.

demaculata.

viereckana.

annellata.

150 MACRO GL 0 S SUM ; CELERIO. By B. Gehlfn.

base. subsp. gigas Oberth. from N. Africa differs from european and Syrian specimens by being larger R
is known since 1922 from N. Africa.

32. Genus: Macroglossum Scop.

M. stellalarum L. (\ ol. 2, p. 253, pi. 40 f and Vol. 10, p. 556). ab. convergens Costanlini differs from
type, by having converging and partially merging median bands on forewings.

33. Genus: Celerfo Oken.

C. euphorbiae dahli Gayer (Vol. 2, p. 255, pi. 41 a), ab cyanea Gehlen differs from type by having the pale
area of forewings suffused with blue; also on the outer half of hind wings this blue suffusion is present, so
that there the red band is partially violet. — ab. infuscata Trti. = ab. praenubila Schultz (Vol. 2 p 255) -
L. subsp. mauretanica Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 255, pi. 41 b) ab. dealbata Schltz. has no inner white edge to scapulae.

In ab. umbrosa Schltz. the costal margin of forewings is much enlarged; it projects in the form of a band
without any real dentation to about the middle of the wing, so that between it and the transverse band only
a very small strip of the ground colour is left. — ab. major Oberth. is only larger with finer colouration. — In
ab. kruegeri Schaw. the ground colour and outer margin of forewings are whitish rose; the oblique band, which
is usually green, is deep claret, intersected by pale veins, whilst costa, costal spots and body are olive green.
“Only the thorax is rose coloured in centre. — Contrary to what was said in Vol. 2 mauretanica can occur with
heavy red suffusion, in fact it can possess the beautiful red colouration of grentzenbergi. Also deserticola occurs
Avith rosy suffusion. The red specimens of mauretanica have been named ab. rubescens Scliaiv. (= ab. rubra
Gloss). — Subsp. deserticola Bartel (Vol. 2, p. 255, pi. 42 c) without the white edge to scapulae' (in contrast to
\ol. 2) are ab. dealbata Schltz. — Specimens with rosy suffused forewings are ab. rosea Gloss. — In ab. cingu¬
lata Std. the fringes of the tergite are white throughout without interspersion of ground colour. — ab. albeola
Std, has a white stripe m the centre of the red band of hindwings, stretching from inner margin to costal margin
ana in extieme specimens it is so wide, that only 2 narrow strips of rose are left. — ab. reverdini Std has
the dark markings of fore wings heavily increased; the proximal costal spot is unusually large and conjoins
with the transverse band, in which no pale veins are visible; the red band of the hindwings is cinnamon brown.

- ab. velutina Std. has forewings heavily dusted with black. — ab. satanella Std. reminds one of tithymali, the
markings of forewings are deep olive green, almost black. Abdomen with white belts, —euphorbiae euphorbiae L.
(Vol. 2, p. 255, pi. 41 a). With the great variability of the Spurge Hawk moth it is not to be wondered at that
since the publication of the 2nd Volume a swarm of new aberrations have been described and named. To facilitate
reference I am enumerating firstly the forms that vary in regard to markings and then those in regard to
colouration; then follow the forms that cannot be grouped in either of these classes or which combine both
variations. — ab. latefasciata Schltz. is the counterpart to ab. helioscopiae , as the black submarginal band of
hindwings is strikingly expanded inwards, and as the large basal spot is enlarged the red band is very
narrow. Through dark dusting it is also dusky. - In ab. subvittata Schltz. the oblique band of forewings is

narrower, diffuse at proximal end and truncate anteriorly, so that it does not reach the apex. _ Iifab.

apiciplaga Gehlen just the opposite is the case, the oblique band expands along the costal margin inwards
to an extent of / mm. One of the most extreme and finest aberrations is ab. ruhlii Bandermann (13 d)

Gloss i Hannemann, which however is a one-sided aberration) which on both forewings has the oblique band
widely united on hind margin with the basal area, the markings being in perfect symmetry. — A similar varia¬
tion occurs (however only on the right wing) in ab. conjuncta Liitkem., but the bar between the basal area and
the oblique stripe does not lie along the hind margin, but more in the centre of the wing, so that along
the hind margin there is a strip of ground colour of about 3 mm width. — ab. philippsi Bdm. The oblique band
in the anterior -3rds of its length consists only of a thin line; the proximal costal spot (the outer one is
missing) is oval with ray-like extensions outwards. — ab. canarina Wladasch is a sharply marked ab. unimacula
with extraordinarily thin anterior tip to oblique band, similar to philippsi-, also the black band of hindwings
is a ei a thin proximally. Further the black band of hindwings is a narrow thin line. — ab. gonneri Bdm. The
large costal spot merges with the oblique band, which forms an angle of 90° inwards on the hind margin. — Also
in at), ernata Bdm. the inner costal spot conjoins with the oblique band, but subapically there is a third costal
spot and all 3 costal spots are joined together . — In ab. unimacula Gloss the outer costal spot on forewings
is missing, the inner one is present in normal size. — The same is the case in ab. demaculata Schltz. but the
i emaining spot sIloaaas indications of disappearing, being only retained as a minute indistinct spot or cloud.

- ab. viereckana Bdm. is an ab. unimacula in which the costal spot has the shape of an angle and the olive

green mai kings are outlined in black. ab. annellata C doss is the form in which both costal spots are conjoined by

CELERIO. By B. Gehlen.

151

an arch, or in which they merge. — ab. umbrata Gehlen has no definite outer edge to oblique band, same merges umbrata.
gradually fading into outer margin. — The ab. ziczac Friisch must be deemed synonymous with ab. cuspidata
Rbl., as it only has a shade less brilliant red on hinclwings than type of cuspidata. What are we coming to
if each minute variation in shade leads to new denominations! Also ab. mosana Lamb, is nothing else than

a red form of ab. cuspidata Rbl. - Now follow the forms which vary chiefly in colouration: ab. grisea Gloss grisea.

reminds one of hippophaes, as the pale ground colour of forewings is dusted with ashy grey, the patches
of body and forewings, usually olive green, are black-green and band of the hindwings is very pale. — ab.
perfulva Schltz. has terracotta brown ground colour of forewings without any indication of olive. — ab. perfulva.
olivacea Gloss body and markings of forewings clay-brown instead of green; also pale patches on costal olivacea.
margin are buff-brown, so that only a narrow band of ground colour is left (transition to ab. restricta
R. <£■ J .). — ab. fachasii Gloss is an ab. helioscopiae, with yellow instead of red hindwings; — In ab. pallida jachani.
Gloss all dark markings very pale, hindwings pale grey instead of red. — ab. rufomelana Tull has deep red vMida.
ground colour to forewings, which are densely bestrewn with black scales. — A very remarkable form ab. "
sulphurata Bdm. has ground colour on upperside (also of hindwings) like the Lasciocampid, Gh. potatoria L.. sulphumta.
without a trace of red; underside sulphur yellow with heavy markings as the upperside. — ab. griseonytnpha griseo-
Bdm. Forewings as grisea Gloss, hindwings as ab. lafiiolei with very narrow black band. — In ab. decolorata ^ npmplm.
Gloss the upper side of all wings is delicate silvery grey, the parts of body and forewings that are other¬
wise green and black are blackish grey; thei’e is not a trace of the usual green, yellowish or rosy red
colourations; underside similarly uniformly silvery grey without markings. — ab. albicans Gloss. Ground albicans.
colour of forewings and distal margin of hindwings, whitish ; red band of hindwings similarly very pale. — ab.
vaiiegata Gloss, with colourations in strong contrast on upperside of forewings, the dark patches, very dark, variegata.
the light ones, very light. Hindwings reddish white, the black band edged inwardly by a carmine red stripe.

— ab. virescens Gehlen has an enlarged black hindwing band, similar to latefasciata but the extension is olive virescens.
green; this green colour suppresses also the outer part of the white anal spot. — ab. oberthiiri Bdm. comb- oberthuri.
ines the forms rubescens (on forewings) and lafitolei (on hindwings). — ab. rudolfi Bdm. has forewings of rudolfi.
suffusa and hindwings of lafitolei. — In ab. argustaua Bdm. the central area of forewings is pale red, outer argustana.
marginal area red-brown, green oblique band with black edge, inwardly of same a white stripe; median

band of hindwings sandy yellow, outer margin dark red, tegulae with red edge. — ab. ilia Bdm. has a bluish ilia.

red outer marginal area to forewings; the red band of hindwings has an orange sheen (hence the name). -

ab. cyanea Wladasch has ground colour of forewings and also outer margin of same suffused with dark blue, cyanea.

— The wonderfully coloured ab. incamafa Wladasch has whitish red ground colour to fore and hindwings: incarnata.
the otherwise green oblique band of forewings and costal margin of same dark carmine red. — Similarly re¬
markable is ab. lilacina Wladasch. The hindwings are a lovely lilac instead of red. The type has forewings as lilacina.
rubescens with very dark markings and a black edge to oblique band. — The ground colour of forewings

of ab. festafa Wladasch is bluish grey, but dusted over with ochreous to rusty red, outer marginal area pale testata.
ochreous dotted with grey-black; body and markings of forewings pale brown instead of green. The black
submarginal band of hindwings expands as in latefasciata and is dark carmine red, the outer marginal area being
ochreous yellow. The black abdominal patches almost merge and are edged with ochreous yellow, instead of
white; the white lateral stripe to head and thorax is reduced and is also ochreous on the head. — In ab. roseafa roseata.
Bdm. ground colour of forewings is carmine red, the oblique band through its entire length is lined proxim-
ally with dull white and distally black; outer marginal area red-brown. On hindwings the white anal spot
is suffused with rose, median band white and red mixed, outer marginal area claret. Tegulae reddish white;
the ordinarily white abdominal marks pale red; antennae green. — ab. nigricans Gloss (= ab. nigerrima Sdlzl)
suffused with blackish grey; the ordinarily olive green markings black-green; the otherwise red hindwings
grey with a faint rosy red hue in centre. Underside also suffused with grey. — ab. nigra Gehlen (nom. nov¬
um pro nigerrima Gehlen , nee. Sdlzl) is a fine form. The black colouration in comparison with nigresccns
and nigricans is so much increased that every trace of red has disappeared. On upperside all white patches
remain white, so that these contrast vividly with the black colouration. Also the body is so black, that
the black abdominal markings can scarcely be discerned. Hie usually green markings of forewings are black,
the pale ground colour of forewings is suffused with smokey brown and is only paler at the stigma, in front
of the oblique band and at hind margin. Underside dark brown with a few paler patches; oblique band of
forewings and black band of hindwings more intensively dark. Edges of sternite white. — ab. conspicuata eonspicuaia.
Bdm. has no trace of red. The central area and margin of forewings, band of hindwings and entire underside
of all wings like white enamel. Markings much clearer and body paler than type form. — ab. flavidior Sohn- flavidior.
Rethel is an ab. grentzenbergi with yellow hindwings, therefore a parallel form to lafitolei, but all usually olive

green markings of hindwing and body deep golden yellow. The ordinarily white patches also yellow. - - Now

follow the forms that vary both in markings and colouration: ab. krancheri Bdm. varies chiefly on underside: krancheri.
ground colour dark reddish, fore and hindwings with black discal bands; those of hindwings with pale veins;
basal area of hindwings rose in front, whitish behind, costal margin green; besides the discal band hindwings
have a further distinct black submarginal band. On upperside oblique band of forewings edged ontwardly

nigricans.

nigra.

152

CELERIO. By B. Gehlen.

krombachi. by a dentate black line, black basal area extends distally, inner costal spot almost black. — ab. krombachi
Gloss is a pale form. Collar pale grey. Oblique band of forewings dusted from outwards with pale yellowish
between 2nd radialis and 2nd median nervure, so that there only the inner edge of oblique band exists. The black
silesiana. band of hindwings replaced by a narrowly marked line consisting of black dusting. — ab. silesiana Wladasch
has on forewings between basal and costal spot, 2 distinct lines in the shape of darts, directed towards costal
caecigena. spot; hindwings orange instead of red. — ab. caecigena Bdm. is a lafitolei with whitish pale ground colour and
n ymphaea. very narrow oblique band to forewings. — In ab. nymphaea Bdm. the abdomen has 3 pairs of black-white lateral
markings instead of 2; a dark streak in apical area of fore wings. Basal area dark grey instead of black; antennae
flaveola. reddish. — In ab. flaveola Bdm. costal spots of forewings merge forming one spot which is incurved posteriorly;
grentzen- band of hindwings half red and half yellow. — ab. gierstzenbergi-ziczac Wladasch is a ruddy grentzenbergi in
bcrgi-ziczac. which the outer edge of oblique band on forewings and black band of hindwings are sharply dentate. — ab.
i //pica- typica-lafitolia Wladasch is a very darkly marked combination of suffusa, annellata and lafitolei with black
lajitolia. ec|gecj oblique band, the outer edge of which is sharply dentate; ground colour of forewings is grey-green. —
elliana. ab. elliana Bdm. Markings of forewings as ab. gonneri, otherwise as ab. oberthuri. — ab. Cleopatra Wladasch has
Cleopatra, body and markings of forewings pale brown, central area of forewings ochreous yellow with lemon yellow dust¬
ing. Outer marginal area rusty brown, oblique band very narrow. Band of hindwings ochreous yellow. —
multicolor, ab. multicolor Wladasch has costal marginal region of forewings much expanded, so that costal spots are
barely visible and the black dusted white-rose central area is much restricted; outer marginal area black-
red. Band of hindwings dark carmine red, outer marginal stripes pale grey-blue. Underside pale rose with
nebulosa. dark red margins. — In ab. nebulosa Gehlen (13 d) entire upperside appears cloudy, especially hindwings,
where base is grey instead of the usual black; the red band is buff as is the very wide marginal band and
has a red-brown antemedian band, the latter sharply angulated inwards on submedian 2 and then proceeding
at a right angle to the white anal spot; submarginal band grey instead of black and displaced inwards. This

vandalu- completes the multitude of euphorbiae aberrations. - subsp. vaudaiusica Rbb. from Andalusia has sleeker

SU"4 wings than main type. General colouration more reddish white. Outer marginal band of hindwings narrow.
balearica. Scapulae always with white inner edge. — Rebel describes a subsp. balearica from Mallorca from a single
specimen, which shows only minute differences, within the scope of the variability of the species and which
strasillai. can scarcely be held to establish a subspecies until more material is available. — subsp. strasillai Std. from
Aspromonte, lower Italy, reminds one of ab. grentzenbergi. In regard to colouration, Statjder’s particulars
are not clear. In his original description in the “Iris” it says “intensively claret red”, whilst in the “Lepi-
dopterologischen Rundschau” it is stated “the intensive claret red is resolved into grey-violet”. The black
band of hindwings is 2 — 3 times as wide as in main form (even in small specimens); the narrow red band
rothschildi. of hindwings has a dark brown shade. — subsp. rothsclitldi Std. from Palermo, San Martino, Cinisi, is small¬
er than strasillai and more dark brown than red; comes in colouration between grentzenbergi and ab. ni-
subjacensis. grescens. — t The subsp. subjacensis Dhl. from central Italy scarcely differs from main type. The author says
it "belongs to the grentzenbergi group”, there is however almost no mottling to the pale area of forewings,
atrolimbata. whilst however white hairs are often interspersed. — ab. atrolinibata is a denomination of Dannehl for spec-
etrusca. imens with an outer black edge to the oblique band. — subsp. ettusca Vrty. from the coast of Tuscany
reminds one partly of dahli, partly of hybr. densoi Muschamp ; the pale greenish olive central area is suppress¬
ed anteriorly by the dark costal margin, it does not embrace the large costal spot and is only distinct post-
conspicua. eriorly. — euphorbiae conspicua R. & J. (Vol. 2, p. 255, pi. 11 c). — ab. nigrofasciata I gel has deeply dark
nigiofatcm markings to forewings, black band of hindwings wider than the red band, thus it is parallel form to ab.

latefasciata of e. euphorbiae ; altogether conspicua varies in similar fashion to e. euphorbiae and the colouration
giganteo- is by no means so constant, as one would gather from the remarks in Vol. 2. — ab. giganteoniaculata Gehlen
maeulata. qas jnner costal spot of forewings enormously increased in size (9 mm long and 5,5 mm wide). — euphorbiae
costata. costata Nordm. (Vol. 2, p. 255, pi. 41 d) Mell describes the larva of this fine subspecies as follows; Only centre
of pronotum red, the black margin almost as wide as the red zone or wider, rarely pronotum quite black;
2 lateral rows of ocelli are merged to one wide row, sometimes still a pale stigmatal zone; only the basal
“/ 5 to 3/s horn is red. (The particulars are given from a small number of larvae in alcohol, which Prof.
Kttrz, Shanghai, collected at Pei-tai-ho in Chihli, N. China.) — Pupa with thorax and wing coverings pale wood
confusa. colour, cremaster and anal segment dull rusty brown on top, tip black and glossy on upperside. — ab. confusa
Gehlen has an extraordinarily wide oblique band with proximal edge bending forwards and not backwards
as in normal specimens, extending to hindmargin and only reaching same near base, so that pale central
area is thereby much reduced. Distally the oblique band edged with black. The pale veins (3rd radialis, 1st and
2nd mediana) expand in a cloudy effect within the oblique band, so that the impression is created that the
siehei. scales are missing. — C. centralasiac siehei Pnglr. (Vol. 2, p. 255, pi. 41 c) ab. privata Aust. has no black hind-
jlavesvens wing band (as h diascopiae ). — C. gallii Rott. (Vol. 2, p. 256, pi. 41 d) ab. flavescens Gloss has the pale red
scholzi. °f hindwings pale yellow, the deep red is orange. — ab. scholzi Steph. has a larger yellow brown spot on
maculifera. forewings beyond the oblique band. — The description of ab. niaculifera Klemensiewicz was unfortunately not
available to me, so that I am unable to give a description. — Specimens with dentate black band on hind-

Pail. 16. IX. 1032.

CELERIO. By B. Gehlen.

153

wings are named ab. cuspidata Fritsch. — ab. dentata Gschw. is similar, however the black band is only cuspidata.
dentate inwards on the veins, whilst outwardly it has a straight edge; it is situated closer inwards. — ab. dentata.
lutea Gscliw. has body and markings of wings an ochreous greenish, the white lateral stripes of thorax black l utea.
on top, basal part of yellow central area pale grey; costal spot edged with black; transverse band darker
than the costal margin, outwardly completely edged with black, inwardly only the posterior half. Band of
hindwings deep yellow ground colour. — subsp. chishimensis Mats, from the Kurile Islands has a much wider pale chishimen-
band on hindwings, so that the submarginal band is very narrow ; veins in the marginal area are of the same
colour as the marginal band. On underside the black anal spot is extinct. — subsp. sachalinensis Mats, from sachalinen-
Saghalin is close to chishimensis but differs by the much wider black band on hindwings which becomes narrower
anteriorly; the outer marginal stripe of hindwings is dark and distinctly wider.

C. nicaea Prun. (Vol. 2, p. 256, pi. 41 a), ab. orientalis Aust. is a form in which the transverse band orientalis.
consists of a thin line from the 1st median nervure to apex. This form occurs especially frequently in North
Persia and the Crimea. — Oberthur has described some aberrations of the north african race castissima castissima.
Aust.: — ab. albina Oberth. is entirely pale yellowish white, all markings are so pale that one might imagine albina.
it to be a bleached specimen. On underside however the outer margins are dark and extend in rays inwards
along the veins. — ab. rubida Oberth. has a reddish tone. — ab. margine-denticulata Oberth. has dentate black rubidn.
band on hindwings. — subsp. sheljuzhkoi Dubl. from the Province Djetissu (Alma-Ata) has ground colour of fore- margine-
wings with pale grey rose hue like ab. carnea Aust., but in contrast to main form, base and costal marginal area sheljuzhkoi.
of forewings are of the same colour. In the original description, which is not quite clear, it is stated that
the $$ have only delicate spots (probably the outer costal spots are intended) unlike the GS with wedge-shaped
spots on costa. Rose band of hindwings is paler than that of main form. Underside is yellowish rose with pale
olive-brown costal margin and a similar stripe. — subsp. libanotica Gehlen (13 a) from Zahle, east Lebanon Ubanotica.
is a large form. Body and markings of forewings paler olive-green, the green tone being predominant. Ground
colour of forewings is still paler than in castissima, as the basal area is interspersed with white scales; ground
colour in outer area and marginal area are pale reseda-green. The red band of hindwings has scattered white
scales, in front of the black band colouration is deep olive-green, suppressing the black band considerably at
anal angle. Underside as castissima.

G. hippophaes Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 256, pi. 41 e). ab. crocea Rbl. has saffron yellow hindwings; the white crocea.
anal spot is missing. — ab. flava Denso has yellow band on hindwings. — ab. obscurata Dhl. is darker than flava.
the main type form and finely dusted over with blackish; the jDale area before the transverse band is missing; obscurata.
the black band of hindwings is much expanded. As this form has been ascertained by the author to occur freely
in the south Tyrol (together with the main type form), it may possibly constitute a race. — susp. caucasica caucasica.
Denso from Aresh. The streak at discocellular is fainter; stigma absent or indistinct; transverse oblique band
ends nearer the base on hind margin and is less dentate outwardly; the dark olive-brown of main type form
is replaced by dark brown, marginal area grey-brown. On hindwings the black basal spot is larger and the
black band wider, marginal area very narrow; white anal spot very small. — subsp. transcaucasica Gehlen from transcau-
j.ranscaucasia at first glance reminds one of euphorbiae, as body and markings of forewings are olive-green casica.
on upperside. Abdomen is longitudinally only olive-green in the centre, whilst the sides (also dorsally) and
the posterior, generally white abdominal spot, are rose. Ground colour of forewings a bright reddish yellow,
marginal area scarcely darker. Ground colour of hindwings including the margin deep carmine red. Underside
similarly carmine red. — subsp. chamyla Denso (13 c) from Chamyl on the western boundary of the Gobi Desert chamyla.
(Tian-Shan) has such a wide costal marginal area that the dark streak and the tip of the basal spot are merged
in same. Transverse oblique band outwardly indistinct and much reduced subapically. Marginal area of a
different shade to that of central area, often as dark as the oblique band and costal margin, which is all in
contrast to main type form. The marginal and costal areas conjoin at apex, so that the light central area does
not extend to apex. The areas that in type are dark brown, are pale fuscous in this form, central area yel¬
lowish white. The black band of hindwings is displaced inwardly and pales off towards the base. The marginal
area is therefore relatively wide and brown-rose. Underside sandy-buff. Fringes white on upperside, yellowish
white on underside.

C. lineata livornica Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 257, pi. 41 e). ab. obscurata Niep. is a dusky form, which reminds obscurata.
one of euph. restricta (Vol. 2, p. 255). Costal margin of forewings is just as dark as the other olive-brown areas;
the generally pale grey marginal area is black-brown; the yellow central stripe is narrower and shorter inwardly;
the pale dusting of veins is fainter. Band of hindwings impure rose; the black band expands towards outer
margin, so that the pale marginal area is suppressed. Fringes white. — subsp. saharae Std. (13 b) from Biskra, saharae.

N. Africa is related to livornica, as deserticola is to mauretanica. It is much smaller and paler than the subspecies
livornica (expanse 55 — 61 mm). The stripes, veins and bands are reduced by half. Band of hindwings very
pale going over into whitish rose. Body and antennae correspondingly buff. Underside is almost precisely like
a deserticola. — It must be remarked here that in S. Africa livornica is generally as small as saharae-, also from
Aleppo similarly small specimens are known.

Supplementary Volume 2

20

154

PERGESA; HIPPOTION; THERETRA. By B. Gehles.

34. Genus: l*ergesa Whr.

lugens. P. elpenor (Yol. 2, p. 257, pi. 42 a), ab. lugens Niep. is a transition form between elpenor and ab. daubi

hades. Niep. (13 e). — ab. hades Rbl. is also close to daubi. Ground colour of all wings dusky brown with black mark-
alboradiata. ings; only the metathorax is red; abdomen yellowish with red tip. — ab. alboradiata Lamb, has hindwings
with white rays between the veins from base to outer margin; these rays also occur on underside, but they
scheider- are less distinct. — ab. scheiderbaueri Gschw. has hindwings with a green, 2 — 3 mm wide band at outer edge
baueri. Qf qasa| area from costal to inner margin.

wesloeensis. P. porcellus L. (Vol. 2, p. 257, pi. 42 a), ab. wesloeensis Knock. The narrow red costal stripe of normal

porca. specimens extends as a wide band obliquely across the forewing. — subsp. porca B.-H. fromKultuk on the Lake
of Baikal, has brownish antennae; thorax and abdomen rose; basal area of forewings brown, central area
rose on costa, discal band greenish brown, marginal area rose.

sus. P . suellus Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 258, pi. 42 b). subsp. sus B.-H. from Central Tian-Shan, Issyk-kul, Aksu,

Juldus. $ antennae pure white, collar reddish brown with rose edge, thorax rose, abdomen brown on upperside
with 3 lateral marks. Base of forewings brownish, central area rose, discal band brown (rose at costa), margin rose.

35. Genus: Hippotion Hbn.

rosea. H. celerio (Vol. 2, p. 258, pi. 42 b). rosea Closs denotes a form heavily suffused with red. — ab. luecki

luecki. (j\oss is a melanic form in which all black markings are heavily increased; consequently on hindwings the
red band is much suppressed in the outer half. The silvery markings are quite absent except for rudimentary
sieberti. traces of the lateral spots on abdomen. — ab. sieberti Closs. The oblique band of forewings very wide and yellow¬
ish instead of silvery; of the two thin dark lines that extend through this band in the main type form, only
one is indicated, whilst the band is divided through its entire length by a wide dull brown shade.

36. Genus: Tlieretra Hbn.

Also in regard to this Genus Mell deserves every credit on account of his researches in the early stages
and modes of life. The Theretra ova are distinctly longer than wide, almost always green and generally
deposited a few at a time in batches of 2 — 7 (suffusa always singly) on a plant. Head of larva always devoid
of markings ; ocelli present in all species. — Pupation generally takes place in a tough trellis network puparium
on the surface of the earth or between leaves ( silhetensis ). The larva of clotho climbs upwards for pupating,
spinning up on tree stems or in crevices of walls, on the other hand oldenlandiae enters the earth for pupation.

nessus. T. nessus Drury (Vol. 2, p. 258, pi. 42 c and Vol. 10, p. 565). In regard to the colouration of the

larva, it should be added that same varies from whitish green over green to rusty yellow-red and the red-brown
of autumn shades. Ocellus of 4th segment relatively small, dull buff, no pupil and indistinctly marked, at
the best there is still a pale ocellus-like spot on 5th ring. The very large pupa (65 — 81 mm) is dorsally grev-
brown with a brown dorsal stripe, ventrally in the sheaths of the limbs with sharply dark outer area, leaving
a pale central zone; cremaster with 2 distinct bristles at tip. Food plants Dioscoreaceae. — The moth is
a regular visitor at flowers. It is nervous and lively and when disturbed during the day flies away rapidly
and excitedly.

cloth n. T. clotho Drury (Vol. 2, p. 259, pi. 42 d and Vol. 10, p. 565). Pupa is dark stone-grey; cremaster

groove large and deep, the long bristles at tip diverging slightly outwards like the tail of a swallow.

alecto. T. alecto L. (Vol. 2, p. 259, pi. 42 f and Vol. 10, p. 566). Pupa is sleek and of irregular colour; pro¬

boscis and tips of sheaths of limbs pale yellowish grey; dorsal region impure greenish brown; sides from eyes
to anus grey brown shaded with grey and with longitudinal streakings; eyes pale yellowish grey. Tongue sheath
is shaped like a drake’s bill, projecting 7 — 9 mm above the frons. Cremaster terminating in a simple point. —
transcaspi- The moth visits flowers and is very lively. — subsp. transcaspica B.-H. (13 c) from Transcaspia is much smaller
ca- than the main type form, 61 — 70 mm. Ground colour of forewings brownish grey. On outer edge of the bold
oblique stripe of forewings there is a bright reddish stripe; this stripe, however, sometimes occurs in a. cretica.
The black lateral patches at base of abdomen reduced in size. Black stigma more distinct.

japonica. T. japonica Orza (Vol. 2, p. 259, pi. 42 b and Vol. 10, p. 567). Pupa is sleek, impure yellowish brown,

sheaths of antennae and legs darker, dotted with blackish as the veins of the wings, no striking sheath of
proboscis, only projecting like a keel in the region of the eyes. Cremaster long, sleek, generally bent ventrally,
at its tip 2 horizontal, projecting, slightly curved spikes. Pupa in the earth and under the ridge of rocks. —
Also the japonica moths visit flowers.

oldenlan- T. oldenlandiae oldenlandiae F. (Vol. 2, p. 259, pi. 42 b and Vol. 10, p. 567).. An indo-australian species

dme- that also occurs in China and Japan. Larva is generally dark, rarely green, thoracic segments with a subdorsal

RHYNCHOLABA; RHAGASTIS; CECHENENA. By B. Gehlen.

155

row of yellowish or white clot ocelli. Horn thin and straight, black. Ocelli large, roundish ; those on 4th and
5th segments with dark pupils. Pupation in the earth just below the surface in a spun puparium (not a network
puparium as the other species and thus forming an exception). — Pupa is not unicolourous : thorax and sheaths
of limbs dull greenish brown, sheaths of legs and wing cases dotted grey-black. Tergite pale reddish brown,
posteriorly darker deep brown, sternite impure buff. Sheath of proboscis clumsy, frontally and ventrally arched
1,2 — 1,5 mm. Cremaster conical tapering off, with a black glossy horn at tip which is bifurcated, the tips
standing out obliquely. — Hibernated specimens from S. China and also those bred in Berlin, have according
to Mell an inclination to olive colouration on forewings. The dark oblique band is not distinctly outlined
inwardly in its costal part, the abdominal lateral stripes and the pale lines of the tegulae are pure golden (= f.

Olivacens Mell.). olivaeens.

T. silhetensis Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 259 and Vol. 10, p. 567) from Java to Japan. Similar to oldenlandiae , silhetensis.
but there is only a single white dorsal line on abdomen. On upperside of forewings a brown oblique band ana¬
logous to that of oldenlandiae-, line 4 more distinct; space between lines 3 and 4 somewhat silvery, between
4 and 5 not silvery and wide, line 5 heavier than line 6. — Larva is green or earthy grey to black-grey,
it has 7 small longish pupilled ocelli, of which the middle ones are generally larger than the 1st and last pairs.

The horn is only 3 to 4 mm long, straight or slightly bent, yellow-red to deep brown, end half grey-black,
tip pale. Pupation takes place in the groove of the stem of a leaf or in the tip of a leaf; Mell presumes
that if the food plant had not been placed in water, the pupation would have taken place in the earth.

Pupa earthy brown, sleek, smooth; sheath of proboscis projects more longitudinally than transversely. Cre¬
master short with simple grey-black tip of abt 1 mm length.

37. Genus: Rhyncholaba R. & J.

R. acteus Gr. is dealt with in Vol. 10 (p. 568) and illustrated there on pi. 68 d, as the species had hitherto acteus.
not been known to occur on palaearctic territory. It occurs however ip Szechuan, China and presumably
forms a subspecies there in which the markings of the underside are much more distinct and black. So far
insufficient material is available to decide this question. — Ova pale green. Larva tapers off considerably from 4th
segment to head. It has 7 obliquely situate ocelli, of which the 1st is much enlarged, having a double edge.

Colour of body is green, more rarely brown with green ocelli. Horn short 2 — 3 mm, brick-red and convex.

True legs somewhat paler red. Food plants are Araceae and Vitaceae. The pupa is remarkable as it is the
only one of the Sphingidae semanophorae that has a handle shaped tongue case; it forms a bold arch to the
breast, where it ends in a small groove. Colour is yellowish grey, darker dorsally. Cremaster widely flat like
a drake’s bill, flatly hollowed out underneath, terminating in 2 widely separated short bristles, of which
there are also some laterally.

38. Genus : Itliagastis R. & J.

R. mongoliana Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 259, pi. 42 f and Vol. 10, p. 568). Dr. Jordan indicates (in Vol. 2) mongolia-
that the larva had been observed on Balsamina; according to Mell his collectors also found same on knot¬
grass (apparently Polygonum aviculare L.). — The pupa is brown mixed with grey, reminding one in shape
and colouration of japonica. Sheath of proboscis scarcely projecting frontally and ventrally. Cremaster ter¬
minating in 2 black glossy spikes of barely 1 mm length, which are bifurcated at tip and hooked. — In
S. China mongoliana forms the subspecies pallicosta Mell with pale costal margin to forewings (Vol. 10, p. 568).

R. albomarginatus Rothsch. hitherto known from Sikkim and Assam and dealt with in Vol. 10 (pi. 47 e),
forms in China the subsp. dicfxroae Mell (Vol. 10, p. 569). It not only occurs in the south of China, but dichroae.
has also been discovered on palaearctic territory near Shanghai (Mokan-Shan) by Hone. The subspecies is
smaller than the main type form, more inclined to olive and almost without brown on wings and thorax;
the coppery golden brown is paler and yellowish brown. Stigma on the wings less distinct, sometimes almost
entirely extinct on forewings. Also the genitalia differ. — Ova greenish white, up to 5 ova on one shrub
(of Dichroa febrifuga Lour). Larva pale leaf green, laterally darker than dorsally. Subdorsal line indistinct
from 1st segment to ocellus, edged on upperside by darker green. Seven 1,5 — 2 mm wide oblique stripes. Horn
barely of medium length, clumsy, angulated like a knee above the base and thickest at the bend, tip stumpy.

Pupa with earthy coloured abdominal tergites; thorax, clypeus, base of tongue sheath and wing cases tinged
with black. At dorsal base of cremaster there are two steelly blue glossy spikes.

39. Genus: Ceclienena R. & J.

C. minor Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 260, pi. 42 d and Vol. 10, p. 570). Ova yellowish, slightly glossy. Larva up minor.
to the last moult green, then at thoracic end (also ventrally) dark earthy grey-brown, posteriorly only the

156

HYBRIDS OF SPHINGIDAE. By B. Gehlen.

worms-

bacheri.

ocello-

planus.

melania.

ocello-

astylus.

platei.

back to the subdorsal is coloured thus, laterally and ventrally it is paler grey-brown. The subdorsal extends
over the entire length but is intersected on the 4th segment and posteriorly to same it consists of convexly
shaped arched streaks; from the 9th segment onwards it is distincter and finally merges clearly and distinctly
in the horn; 6 oblique stripes (the usual 7th stripe of Sphingidae larvae that merges in the horn is missing).
Horn thick-set, graphite-grey, slightly curved, its tip as wide as the middle. Food plants: Ampelopsis, Ac-
tinidia, more rarely on Araceae. Pupa woody grey-brown, dorsally pale earthy grey with black dorsal line.
Sheath of proboscis projecting frontally 6 mm. Cremaster with 2 pairs of bristly spikes.

The following Sphingidae forms from Japanese territory were described by Matstimttka in 1921. The
descriptions were unfortunately not available to me, as the literature relating to same was destroyed at the
time by the earthquake : Dolbina parva, curvata, lateralis, Oxyambulyx takamulcui, Smerinthus tokionis, Rhagastis
trilineata.

We are now giving illustrations of the following Sphingidae dealt with in Vol. 2: Meganoton scribae
Aust. (p. 234) (12 a), Marumba gaschkewitschi complacens Wkr. (p. 241) (12 d), Pergesa elpenor ab. daubi Niep
(p. 257) (13 e).

Appendix.

Hybrids of Sphingidae.

By B. Gehlen.

I. Hybrids of the Genera Calasymbolus, Smerinthus, Amorpha.

A. Primary Hybrids.

C. hybr. wormsbacheri John (12 f) ( Calasymbolus myops Abb. & Sm. x S. ocellata L. <j>) rather inclines
to resemble myops, but is about midway between the parent forms. In comparison with myops the apex
of forewings is more acute, the nice violet dusting is absent, the yellow spots at apex and anal angle of
forewings and on costa of hindwings are absent, stigma only indicated. Hindwings are not yellow, but pale
rose with relatively very large black eyespot, which as in myops has a blue pupil. Underside is nearly the
same as in myops, only here also the yellow is suppressed and replaced by dull reddish grey.

S. hybr. ocelloplanus John (12 e) (S. ocellata ocellata L. x S. planus Wkr. 9)- Antennae almost as
thick as those of planus. Foretibiae with shortened spur process, as is characteristic of ocellata. The eyespot of
hindwings varies in size between that of ocellata and planus. In this hybrid the difference in size between
A and £ is remarkable; whilst the SS are 75 mm, at most 80 mm expanse, the $$ are 90—95 mm.

S. hybr. melania John (12 f) (S. planus Wkr. x S. ocellata ocellata L. §) resembles the reciprocal
cross exactly (also the spur on foretibiae is present) only the eyespot of hindwings is never as large as in
planus and the disparity in size between the sexes is not evident; wing expanse for $ and $ is 75 mm on
the average.

S. hybr. ocelloastylus John (12 f) (S. ocellata L. C x Calasymbolus astylus Drury 9) is very close
to the product of the reciprocal cross, hybr. interfaunus, but differs by the increased ruddiness on forewings
and hindwings; further the antemedian band of forewings extends more straightly from costal margin to anal
angle, whilst in interfaunus Neumog. (Vol. 2, p. 262) it is much more sharply angulated immediately below
the cell.

S. hybr. platei Stndf. ( 12 f ) (nom. nud. sine descript.) (S. ocellata L. $ x S. jamaicensis geminatus
Say $) inclines in contour of wings, colouration and markings more to ocellata, in size it is midway between
the two parent forms. On forewings the bands and dark marginal area of ocellata are present, but also the
apical spot of geminatus. The dark antemedian band forms a right angle. The small dark cliscal spot of ocellata
(between the 2nd and 3rd radialis) is only faintly indicated. The red of hindwings is generally like that
of ocellata, in such cases the pale marginal area of geminatus is quite absent; sometimes there is a paler marginal
area, but never so pronounced or clearly marked as in geminatus. The eyespot is more like that of ocellata in

HYBRIDS OF SPHINGIDAE. By B. Gehlen.

157

shape, but the subdividing tendency of geminatus is alway visible. Underside very like ocellata, but the apical
spot of forewings of geminatus impresses its characteristic also here. Antennae like ocellata. — (Described
from 4 specimens in my collection.)

S. hybr. eisneri Gehlen (12 d) (S. kindermanni Led. A X A. populi L. $ or reciprocal cross) was cap- eisneri.
tured in nature in Syria, I have only a specimen without antennae before me. This interesting hybrid looks
at first glance very like populi, but the thoracic spot gives the clue. All wings are reddish brown on upperside
and of the size of a large populi. Body grey-brown with a pale thoracic spot and diffuse but distinct dorsal
line on abdomen. Wing contour reminds one more of kindermanni, especially the hindwings are not so rounded
as populi, but more elongated, on the other hand costa of hindwings more closely resembles populi. The shape
of the outer margin of fore wings is midway between the parent forms; the indentations between 1st and 3rd
radialis and before the anal angle distinctly remind one of kindermanni. The markings on forewings are much
bolder than in populi and there is a sharp discal double line, which is indented inwards along the veins.

The antemedian line is very distinct and bent outwards at the centre. The white apical line of kindermanni
is present, extends however in an arch from apex to 2nd subcostal nervule and then immediately inwards.

It therefore does not form an outward dentation on 5th subcostal nervule as in kindermanni. Anal spot of
forewings (of kindermanni ) distinct, as also the white stigma of populi. Hindwings with only an indication
of the rusty red basal area and a double discal band {populi). Anal spot of kindermanni is almost completely
extinct and is only indicated by a darkening of the discal line at that spot. It is edged paler outwardly. Under¬
side is ruddy brown as upperside, but somewhat paler and has the distinct characteristics of kindermanni in
the markings.

A. hybr. bertae Dannenberg {A. populi austauti Stgr. A X S. planus Wkr. $). Only AS specimens bertae.
resulted, which are rather smaller than the related metis, varians, oberthiiri and operosa (Vol. 2, p. 262). Wing
contour of bertae varies considerably from these, as in this respect it strongly inclines towards planus and in
genera] has a striking resemblance to a healthy planus $. A few specimens have wider wings, thereby ap¬
proaching metis. Although the A parent was a reddish specimen, the colouration is a nice blue-grey with darker
bands situate as in metis. The large eyespot of hindwings immediately typifies this hybrid from all others;
the eyespot expands over half the wing, it is clearly marked and has a wide black edge; the blue centre mark
generally contains a dark pupil; in some specimens the black edge is so wide, that the blue is almost sup¬
pressed. Basal area is fairly intensively carmine red in a moderate expanse. The anterior section of the wings
is very pale and sharply outlined from the rest. The general impression of the hindwings is that of planus.

The thoracic spot varies in size, but is generally darker than in other hybrids.

Klemann gives a new name populata to the well known hybrid A. hybr. rothschildi Stndfs. His ex- populata.
planation, which seems to me inadequate, is to give a new name to the product of the crossing of A. populi
L. A X S. ocellata L. $, which Standfltss had named hybr. rothschildi. Klemann asserts that the specimens
of his breeding are entirely different to rothschildi and even goes so far as to say that Standfltss may have
made a mistake in the particulars of the parent forms from which he had bred his rothschildi! — The populata
specimens resemble hybridus with very large eyespot on hindwings, which are wider than high, whilst
in rothschildi eyespots were almost extinct. Further in contrast to rothschildi, populata resembles ocellata more
than populi. Ground colour of forewings is violet-grey, markings as hybridus, but with much more distinctly
blue and black marked eyespots. Red colouration at basal area of hindwings is very brilliant. Underside bright
reddish.

As hybrids in the same or in different broods can vary quite enormously and as further, of the many experiments
only 4 imagines were bred, it is not so very remarkable that 2 specimens of one brood differ from 2 specimens of another
brood. One could enter into a discussion of races in conjunction with atavism and mendelism, but this is not the place
for a digression of this nature.

B. Secondary Hybrids.

S. hybr. aemilii Klemann (S. hybr. ocelloastylus John A X S. ocellata L. $). This hybrid shows marked aemilii.
characteristics of both parents. Those specimens that resemble ocellata in markings and colour, are also of
the size of ocellata. Two-thirds of the specimens have diffuse forewing markings. Eyespots of hindwings gen¬
erally smaller than ocellata, higher than wide. A few specimens with nice rose suffusion, a few violet-grey
and reddish grey.

S. hybr. szczodrowskii Muller ( S . hybr. hybridus Steph. A X A. populi L. $) resembles on upper and szczodrows
underside deeply dark grey populi specimens. The ocellata eyespot on hindwings is however, still indicated by
a very faint bluish sheen. Only 2 A <5 were successfuly brought through.

S. hybr. alice Klemann ( S . hybr. neopalaearcticus Stdfs. A X 8. ocellata L. $) is of the same size alice.
as normal ocellata and in its general appearance is midway between the parent forms. Indentations of margins
of wings almost exactly like neopalaearcticus. Also the eyespot is like the latter, it is higher than wide and is
halved in the (3) AS\ only hi the upper part is there a vivid blue, whilst the lower part has a brownish tone.

158

HYBRIDS OF SPHINGIDAE. By B. Gehlen.

Tcunzi,

standfussi.

populi-
f or mis.
tremulae¬
formis.
exstin-
guenda.
miranda.

complicata.

discrcpans.

piano ger¬
trudis.
planatlan-
ticus.
fischeri.

schneideri.

euphothy-

mali.

flavescens.

rosacea.

pallida.

imperfecta.

unicolor.

In the 2 9? brought through, the eyespots of one resemble the eyespots of excaecata with wide black edge
in lower part. In the other $ there is a large deep black spot without any blue colouration at all in the
place of the eyespot.

S. hybr. kunzi Dannenberg (hybr. gertrudis Dannenb. x A. populi populi L. $). — This hybrid is
midway between hybridus and fringsi, but is rather closer to fvingsi. M ing expanse 62 — 71 mm. Forewings
are narrower than hybridus, outer margin not so bulging. Outer margins of all wings less undulate than liybridus
and fringsi. Colouration a rich dark grey, partially with reddish tinge. Thoracic spot not wider, but paler
than in fringsi. Markings pale and diffuse, central area darker, the inner edge of same never shows the sharp
partially right angle as in hybridus. It extends in an obtuse angle or in an undulate line similar to that of fringsi.
The rusty spot on hindwings is dull yellowish or reddish yellow; eyespot markings are much less pronounced
and incline to be completely extinct.

S. hybr. standfussi Dannenberg nec Bartel (A. populi austauti Stgr. A X S. hybr. gertrudis Dbg. $). _

Is closer to hybr. metis Oberth. than to hybr. varians Stdfs., but the wings are considerably narrower than
in the latter. Outer margin of forewings moderately undulate. Colouration is pale grey to light yellow-grey
with dark central band. I horacic spot narrow as in metis, but generally darker. Markings of subterminal lines
on forewings more indistinct, whilst the inner edge of the central area is more sharply marked (as in metis
in contrast to oberthuri) and this line has 2 sharply marked dentations pointed outwards (which are not present
in metis, oberthuri and varians). The red of hindwings is paler and less extensive than in metis and oberthuri.
Eyespot of hindwings distinct as in metis, but the black border of same is narrower.

The following further hybrids of this group have been bred, of which hitherto no descriptions have
been published :

A. hybr. populiformis Stdfs. (A. populi L. S X A. hybr. langi Stdfs. 9).

A. hybr. tremulaeformis Stdfs. (A. hybr. langi Stdfs. $ X A. populi L. 9).

A. hybr. exstirsguenda Stdfs. (A. hybr. tremulaeformis Stdfs. J, X A. hybr. tremulaeformis Stdfs. 9)-

S. hybr. miranda Stdfs. (S. ocellata L. A X S. hybr. neopalaearctica Stdfs. 9).

S. hybr. complicata Stdfs. (S. ocellata L. $ x A. hybr. tremulaeformis Stdfs 9).

S. hybr. discrepans Stdfs. (S. ocellata L. X A. austautoides Stdfs. 9).

S. hybr. planogertrudis Kunz (S. planus Wkr. A X S. hybr. gertrudis Dannenb. 9).

S. hybr. planatlanticus Kunz ( S . planus Wkr. <$ X S. ocell. atlanticus Aust. 9).

S. hybr. fischeri Kunz (S. ocellata L. $ x S. hybr. charlotta Dannenb. 9).

S. hybr. schneideri Kunz (S. hybr. charlotta Dannenb. A X S. hybr. gertrudis Dannenb. 9).

S. hybr. (sine nom.) (S. hybr. fischeri Kunz x S. ocell. atlanticus Aust. 9). (Bred by Dr. E. Kunz.)

S. hybr. (sine nom.) {S. hybr. fischeri Kunz $ x S. hybr. fischeri Kunz 9). (Bred by Dr, E. Kunz).

II. Hybrids between the Genera Celerio and Pergesa.

A. Crosses between races of the C. euphorbiae group.

C. hybr. euphothymali Niep. (13 c) (G. euph. euphorbiae L. $ x G. euph. tithymalia Bsd. <J) is exactly
midway between the races. The olive-green costal zone as in tithymali, but not so wide, so that the central
area appears to be wider. Outer edge of the oblique band as in euphorbiae. Olive-grey marginal area wider
than in tithymali.

B. Primary Hybrids.

G. hybr. galiphorbiae Dso. (Vol. 2, p. 266, pi. 43 a, c). ab. flavescens Gunther has yellow instead of red
median band to hindwings (of the same colour as central area of forewings); cloudy dusky brown before the
anal spot.

T. hybr. pernoldi Jacobs (A ol. 2, p. 268, pi. 43 c). ab. rosacea Gunther. The entire central area of forewings
heavily suffused with pale rose. Markings very distinct. — ab. pallida Gunther has central area of forewings and
hindwings and underside yellowish rose and reminds one consequently somewhat of hybr. gschwandneri. —
ab. imperfecta Gunther has no submarginal band on hindwings or only traces of same. — ab. uilicolor Gunther
has such an expanded costal zone of forewings that the atavistic line and the inner edge of the oblique band
are no longer visible and the outer edge of the oblique band appears diffuse.

HYBRIDS OF SPHINGIDAE. By B. Gehlen.

159

C. hybr. harmuthi Kordesch (Vol. 2, p. 266, pi. 43 a), ah. unicolor Gunther is a parallel form to hyb r. unicolor,
pernoldi ab unicolor Gunther.

C. hybr. kindervateri Ivys. (Vol. 2, p. 265, pi. 43 a), ab. engadina Waldasch. is a dwarf form having engadina.
only the size of porcellus. Central area of forewings yellowish white dusted with black. Oblique band blackish
green with pale centre. Band of hindwings yellowish white.

G. hybr. euphaes D.so. (Vol. 2, p. 265, pi. 43 a), ab. clara Aust. has yellowish grey-white ground colour- clara.
ation of forewings. Costal zone pale olive. Middle streak fainter, Hindwings like euphorbiae.

C. hybr. galidahli John (C. gallii Rott. A X C. euph. dahli Geyer ^). In comparison to hybr. galiphorbiae galidahli.
Dso. the costal zone and oblique band of forewings are deeper and darker green. The narrow central area (which
is scarcely wider than in gallii) is more whitish yellow dusted with black. Pale streaks along the veins are pre¬
sent but much reduced as compared with dahli. Anal spot on hindwings is smaller. Median band darker and red¬
der, inclining towards carmine red. Colouration of entire upperside brighter and markings more pronounced.

Dorsal stripe of abdomen distinctly visible. Only E6 were bred.

C. hybr. livopenor Muller (13 b) ( C . 1. livornica Esp. $ X P. elpenor elpenor L. §). Body almost like livopenor.
elpenor, but the red is suppressed, so that it is green with the exception of red traces on thorax. Markings of
wings more closely resemble livornica; costal zone of forewings is green, without interruption, the pale middle
band is rose; outer margin violet grey-red. Hindwings have an olive-black submarginal band, which is out¬
wardly very wide and becomes fainter towards the inner margin. Underside grey-yellow.

C. hybr. livorneuphorbiae Wolter (13 e) ( A . 1. livornica Esp. X C. euph. euphorbiae L. £) has generally uVOrneu-
speaking more of euphorbiae than livornica characteristics. Base and tips of antennae white, middle area dark. phorbiae.
Tegulae with narrow impure white inner edge. The hairs at edge of tergites from the 3rd tergite remind one
of livornica. Brush at tip of anus with white central line. On forewings veins are marked with light colour.

Oblique band similar to that of euphorbiae. Central area occasionally wider than in livornica, dusted with white
anteriorly and posteriorly. Costal zone more like livornica. Markings of hindwings like euphorbiae, however, the
outer marginal band narrower, but wider than in livornica.

C. hybr. giintheri Niep. (13 d) ( C . 1. lineata F. E A C. euph. euphorbiae L. 5). Antennae grey-white.

Head and tegulae with white edges, the white lineata markings on thorax almost extinct. Abdomen with 2
dark dorsal lines. The black-white lateral marks on abdomen only to the 3rd segment and there only represented
by a small black spot. Markings of forewings very pronounced with deep olive-green costal zone and oblique
band and of very definite lineata character, only the veins are not quite so prominent. Hindwings remind one
more of euphorbiae.

C. hybr. gallivornrca Grossed; Kunz ( G . gallii Rott. E X C. livornica Esp. §) is about midway between
the parent forms. Antennae dark as in livornica. The white inner edge to tegulae of livornica is only indicated by
a few whitish green scales. Abdomen with dorsal line as in gallii ; the short white subdorsal streaks of livornica
only indicated on the 3rd but last segment. On forewings the costal area is wider than in gallii. Basal spot and
outer costal spot remind one of livornica, the 1st and 2nd of gallii, between these white scales as in livornica.

Central area somewhat narrower than in gallii. Oblique band like livornica, but in width more like gallii-, the
narrowing of the band towards the hind margin midway between that of the parents, outer edge not so den¬
tate as in gallii. Veins with white scaling, but not so pronounced as in livornica. On hindwings the central band
is a rich red, as in euphorbiae, but the costal margin is somewhat paler. Marginal area very narrow.

C. hybr. fromkei Dso. (C. gallii Rott. E X hippophc.es Esp. £). Antennae olive green in the upper two fromkei.
thirds. Very wide costal zone to forewings, the oblique band is more strongly marked towards the base than
in hybr. euphaes, outwardly it is less dentate. Central area wider than in gallii with grey scales near the costal
markings. Hindwings with rich red median band.

C. hybr. pulcherrima Dso. (C. euphorbiae mauretanica Stgr. <$ x P. elpenor elpenor L. $) resembles the pulcher-
reciprocal hybrid elpotanica Dso., but all colours are more vivid and more sharply sparated from one another. ™

On forewings the red patch before the olive green central area line is extended to the stigma. The white anal
spot of hindwings is more faintly developed than in elpotanica.

C. hybr. euphorbiaella John (13 c) ( C . euph. euphorbiae L. x P. porcellus L. §) is a very nice but euphor-
very variable hybrid, of which the description given here is based on an average specimen. Antennae white, biae
somewhat longer and thicker than in porcellus. Head and thorax olive green, often interspersed with red. Te¬
gulae red anteriorly, with white outer edge, abdomen dorsally olive-green, ventrally and laterally unicolourous
red. Ground colour of forewings red, sometimes tinged with dull yellowish. The black basal spot intermixed
with white hairs. Oblique band of forewings pale olive yellowish, darker only at apex, hind margin and on 2nd
radialis. Formation of oblique band as in euphorbiae, outwardly however very dentate and with dark edge both
there and on inner border. The atavistic line generally present. Outer marginal area violet-red. The black basal
spot of hindwings is wide and less incurved than in euphorbiae. Median band yellowish rose, partially with pale

giintheri.

galli¬

vornica.

hippothy-

mali.

tenevifana.

selmonsi.

paranicaea.

clpomali

dannen-

bergi.

160 HYBRIDS OF SPHINGIDAE. By B. Gehlen.

green scalings. The white anal spot is absent. Submarginal band grey-black, outwardly very diffuse and chang¬
ing into violet-red.

C. hybr. hippothymali Vlacli ( G . hippophaes Esp. X C. euph. tithymali Bsd. $). Antennae "white with
olive-green. Abdomen similar to hippophaes, but the lateral abdominal spots remind one of euphorbiae. On fore¬
wings costal zone is like that of gallii, but posteriorly to same it is more widely shaded, so that the somewhat
dusky central area appears narrower. Oblique band like that of hippophaes, intersected by some of the pale
veins. Band of hindwings of deep rose without paler patches. Black band very wide, outer marginal stripe very
narrow. Anal spot pure white.

C. hybr. tenerifana Fischer (13 d) (6'. lineata livornica Esp. <$ X C. euphorbiae tithymali Bsd. $). In
this hybrid the livornica characteristics are much more predominant than is the case in the nearly related hybr.
livorneuphorbiae Wolter (livornica $ X euph. euphorbiae $). The chief difference between the two is that in
tenerifana the pale veins are almost as definitely pronounced on forewings as in livornica, whilst in livorneuphorbiae
they are considerably suppressed. Also the body is quite like livornica. Antennae show a white club on upperside,
but the shaft is not as dark as in livornica. On forewings the oblique band is not so straight as in livor¬
nica. but somewhat bent outwards in centre and before the hind margin it bends slightly undulating to¬
wards same. The pale ground colour is faintly dusted with blackish. Hindwings about midway between the
parent forms.

C. hybr. selnionsi Fischer ( C . euph. tithymali Bsd. $ x C. gallii Rott. $). Very close to hybr. Jcinder-
vateri Kys. as was only to be expected. A few differences should be mentioned. Body dark olive-green, not
varying materially from parents. Central area of forewings narrower than in kindervateri. Basal spot is almost
always sharply rectangular ; between same and the large costal spot an almost black streak arises in the ground
colour extending towards the latter. This is scarcely indicated in kindervateri. The oblique band is clearly inter¬
sected towards the centre by 2 — 3 veins and ends in a short arc on hind margin. The dark red central band
of hindwings extends almost to costa and is faintly lighter only at its anterior extremity. Underside as gallii,
but the pale central area of all wings appears reddish buff and the blackish anal patch is almost completely
extinct.

C. hybr. paranicaea Fischer ( C . nicaea Prun. £ x G. euphorbiae L. §) closely resembles nicaea. Wing
expanse of 75 — 82 mm. Ground colour of upperside including antennae and legs faintly reddish. Fore-

wings more or less dusted with blackish. In some specimens markings of forewings appear cloudy, which in
extreme cases tends towards actual melanism. Oblique band is wider in its anterior part than in nicaea and
bends inwards in a flat curve towards the hind margin. Basal and costal spots are always wrell marked, costal
margin is slightly dusky, outer marginal area dark olive-grey. On hindwings the black basal spot and band
are wide, the latter merges somewhat inwards in the variable red and is almost always accompanied by an
olive-green shade. Anal spot partially pure white, partially dull reddish. Underside always red. Fore wings
with dark central streak and a median and postmedian undulate line.

P. hybr. elpomali Muhr ( P . elpenor L. q X G. euphorbiae tithymali Bsd. $) is less variable than the
nearly related pernoldi and considerably more dusky. Body olive-green, head and thorax suffused with deli¬
cate rose, in the original description it says “patagia with white hairs”, but it must be presumed that this
only applies to the edges. Abdomen laterally rose, the anterior black lateral mark bold, the posterior one only
indicated. Legs and antennae white on top. Costal margin of forewings widely olive-green to base and some¬
times conjoining with central band, so that the central rose-coloured area is extinct. Apex of wings and marginal
area rose (sometimes duskily suffused), intersected daintily by the olive-green oblique band, which expands
widely at hind margin and which has occasionally a dentate outer edge. The spot in the centre of the wing, as
in tithymali, is more or less clearly marked, differing thereby from pernoldi. Hindwings similar to pernoldi.
Submarginal band black. — The larvae are lemon-green with orange-red dorsal stripes, differing from those
of pernoldi and having no resemblance to those of elpenor and showing practically no variation.

C. hybr. danner.bergi Fun z ( G . euphorbiae mauretanica Stgr. G, X G. gallii Rott. $) is the reciprocal
cross to hybr. galitanica D.so. Only 5 $$ were brought through. They have an expanse of 55 — 69 mm. The
hybrid has naturally a strong resemblance to galitanica, kindervateri and johni. Wing contour more closely
resembles that of mauretanica, ground colour that of kindervateri. In central area a grey dusting expands from
costa. The widely darkened costal zone and the apical expansion of the spot on the 2nd radialis are charac¬
teristic. Oblique band dark olive-green like the costa but paler than in kindervateri and with a reddish yellow
hue, dusted with yellow on the median nervures, diffusing outwardly. Marginal area dark violet-grey and relati¬
vely narrow with dark atavistic line. Hindwings similar to galitanica and galiphorbiae with diffuse inner edge
to the black submarginal band. Marginal area narrow, yellowish. Thorax olive-green, but paler than the costal
zone and oblique band. Tegulae with sparse white hairs. Abdomen with pale olive-green dorsal stripe and white
dorsal spots. One specimen has a 3rd pair of black-white lateral marks, though same are smaller. Antennae
whitish. L nderside of wings almost uniformly yellowish, partially with salmon rose sheen and some indications
of darker markings.

Publ. 23. IX. 1932.

HYBRIDS OF SPHINGIDAE. By B. Gehlen.

161

In addition to the hybrids of this group enumerated in Vol. 2, Pernold has singularly published new
names without any description for 2 hybrids that were already known, viz: for G. hybr. g.schwandneri Kordesch,
which he now denominates jacobsi, whilst for G. hybr. pernoldi (!) Jacobs he gives the name philip()si.

C. Secondary Hybrids.

C. hybr. ebneri Grosse (C. hybr. kindervateri Ivys. <$ x G. euphorbiae L. $) must be sub-divided into
2 groups according to the appearance. The specimens of the one group (50 %) cannot be differentiated in any
way from kindervateri and a further description is therefore unnecessary. Those of the other group show a
marked difference: antennae grey with white tip or quite white. Body like that of euphorbiae, dorsal line some¬
times indicated. Wing contour and ground colour as euphorbiae. Costal area of forewings almost like kinder¬
vateri, but paler with indistinct edge and much paler than the oblique band. This has an irregular outer edge,
shaped like that of euphorbiae with steep incline at hind margin. Outer costal spot forming an arc as in euphorbiae .
Hindwings almost exactly like euphorbiae. Underside always more or less reddish. The full grown larvae
look identically like those of euphorbiae, only the rudimentary or completely absent dorsal line reminds one
of gallii.

v>

C. hybr. helenoides Grosse ( G . hybr. helenae Grosse G X G. hybr. helenae Gr. $) cannot be differentiated
from typical gallii or helenae §§ with gallii characteristics. It is remarkable that this tertiary hybrid reverts
to type in spite of the considerable differences in its secondary parents. Also the larvae are very similar to
those of gallii in all stages.

C. hybr. pseudogallii Grosse ( G . hybr. helenae Grosse <$ x G. gallii Rott. $) is very similar to gallii,
but smaller than same. The pale middle area appears wider owing to the narrower costal marginal zone and
the heavy incurving of the oblique band. The white anal spot of hindwings is much enlarged, the marginal
area is paler and the median band, especially in the $$ is not so red. The dorsal line is well marked on all
specimens. — The author wishes to lay stress on the fact, that this tertiary hybrid seems to prove that cross¬
breeding twice with the original type suffices to revert to same, viz: the hybrids cannot be differentiated from
the type and in any case neither the larvae nor imagines show any traces that indicate the original female
parent euphorbiae.

C. hybr. zwerinai Grosse ( G . hybr. helenae Grosse A x G. euphorbiae euphorbiae $) closely resembles
hybr. galiphorbiae, but differs from same by the narrower and reduced costal zone of forewings; the central
area is faintly reddish. In contrast to galiphorbiae the underside is always red. It can easily be differentiated
from hybr. ebneri with its euphorbiae- like wing contour, as its wing contour resembles that of gallii. Dorsal
line either rudimentary or absent.

C. hybr. bikindervateri Grosse (G. hybr. kindervateri Kys. x G . hybr. kindervateri Kys. §). Antennae
and body darker than in kindervateri. Dorsal line reduced or absent. On forewings costal zone and central
area like kindervateri, but the latter is more or less darkly shaded, similar to helenae. (This dark shading appears
to occur frequently in secondary hybrids of the gallii and euphorbiae groups, as it occurs in helenae, kindergallii
and casteki.) Oblique band very narrow anteriorly, then suddenly wider and expanding to the hind margin
in such a way that in 2 cases it is more than half of the width of the latter. Outer edge of the band
very irregular, partly dentate. Outer area darker than in kindervateri. Hindwings almost like those of helenae.

C. hybr. bergeri Ehinger (C. hybr. densoi Musch. x G. euphorbiae L. $) forms 2 groups. The
first inclines to the extent of 50% towards euphorbiae, especially in the $$. In the majority of the specimens
of this group, the ground colour is dull pale grey-yellow. The oblique band is often narrow in its apical
extremity and descends vertically to hind margin. The 2 outer costal spots are always present. The marginal
area is wider than in euphorbiae and grey. Contour of forewings sleeker, that of hindwings similar to densoi.
I he black submarginal band bolder than in euphorbiae. Black basal area reduced as in densoi and straighter
outwardly, i. e. not so dentate as in euphorbiae. Antennae pure white. — In the second group, which inclines
towards densoi, the two outer costal spots are generally confluent. The central area is dusky, occasionally
more so than in densoi and some of the specimens can scarcely be distinguished from densoi. Underside dull
grey-yellow, suffused with rose.

C. hybr. turragallii Aust. (recte turagallii) (G. hybr. turatii Dso. £ x G. gallii Rott. $) has the
appearance of a very pale discoloured galiphorbiae. Band of hindwings very pale yellow-red. Submarginal
band narrow and irregular. White anal spot very small and with olive shading at the anal angle. Body pale,
similar to that of galiphorbiae. Antennae white. Undersite white-grey.

C. hybr. euphorbiae Aust. (G. euphorbiae L. <$ x G. hybr. hippophorbiae Dso. $) (= hybr. Isolde
Pasold) reminds one of hybr. euphaes with a slight inclination towards euphorbiae. Body very similar to that
of euphorbiae. Forewings pale yellow-grey; the middle costal spot larger and more boldly marked than in
euphaes, almost as in euphorbiae. Oblique band almost like that of euphaes. Hindwings similarly almost

Supplementary Volume 2 21

jacobsi.
ph ilippsi.

ebneri.

helenoides.

pseudo-

gallii.

zwerinai.

bikinder¬

vateri.

bergeri.

turragallii .

eupho-

phorbiae.

162

HYBRIDS OF SPHINGIDAE. By B. Gehlen.

euphorion.

tykaci.

euphogros¬

sei.

pseudo-

grossei.

rosea.

josephi.

casteki.

srdinkoi.

identical with those of euphaes but the anal spot is larger and whiter. Underside more brightly red than in

euphaes.

if

C. hybr. euphorion Hornstein ( G . hybr. pernoldiana Aust. x C. hybr. epilobii B. 9) closely resembles
hybr. vesperdiana. Antennae white. Body grey-green, darker towards middle, beyond the 2 black-white lateral
markings there is still a third small black-brown spot. Ground colour of fore wings grey-olive -green with faintly
lighter central area. The large costal spot appears to be darker and merges with the outer costal spot in an
indistinct mark. The oblique band has a dark edge with dentate outer border. Stigma blackish with pale
circumscription. Wing contour longish with pointed apex. Hindwings rose like vespertilio with wide black
submarginal band. Outer marginal stripes grey-rose and narrow, but wider than in vespertilio. Anal spot suffused
with rose. (In the single specimen on which the description is based, the right hindwing is albinotic.)

C. hybr. tykaci Vlach ( C . euph. euphorbias L. $ x G. hybr. kindervateri Kys. 9) is a reciprocal cross
to hybr. ebneri Gr. and corresponds to same, except for the underside which in tykaci is more or less reddish.

C. hybr. euphogrossei Gunther ( C . euph. euphorbiae L. x C. hybr. grossei Dso. 9) can partly not
be distinguished from grossei , but it has a more reddish underside. Other specimens vary between euphor¬
biae and galiphorbiae with an inclination towards euphorbiae. In these the underside is also often red.

C. hybr. pseudogrossei Gunther ( G . hybr. galiphorbiae Dso. q X 0. hybr. euphogrossei Gunth. §). Wing
contour as euphorbiae. In all specimens the central area of forewings is duskily suffused. This shade is however
almost always edged by the atavistic line and it is only occasionally that it extends beyond same. Some
9$ were obtained occasionally with yellow central area.

C. hybr. euphaes rosea Fischer ( G . euphorbiae ab. grentzenbergi Stgr. $ x G. hybr. euphaes Dso. < 9).
Actually under this name the products of two different crosses are grouped, viz : the result of the above named
parents and that from the crossing of G. euph. vandalusica Eibbe G X G. hybr. euphaes Dso. 9- As however
the author does not deem e. vandalusica to be a race of euphorbiae and therefore considers the red e. vandalusica
specimen utilised, only to be an e. ab. grentzenbergi, he holds the two hybrids to be equal to one another.
Nevertheless it is clear from the original descriptions that the two results are different and therefore do not
favour his standpoint. The crossing of ab. grentzenbergi x euphaes was achieved in 1924, whilst that of subsp.
vandalusica x euphaes was in 1926. The original description reads as follows: “The reversionary cross of 1926
with a deep carmine-red <$ of the andalusian grentzenbergi race (!), which in its glow of colour seems to exceed
the form occurring at Capri, gave a different result from that of 1924. Whilst in this latter a distinct grouping
of the forms resulted, the one inclining strongly towards euphorbiae L., the other equally to hippophaes Esp.,
whilst the rest resembling the intermediary form euphaes Dso., in the 1926 brood all the specimens had a
distinct euphaes character. The hybrid therefore, except for the usual moderate variation, which is natural,
remained constant in its markings in spite of the reversionary crossing. Only the general tone of the colour
differed in that it was interesting to observe, the red of grentzenbergi Stgr., proved not to be a volatile super¬
ficial characteristic, but, as I had hoped, was transmitted throughout to the hybrid progeny. As was only
natural the rosy red tone lost some of its brilliance by intermixing with the pale grey to dull yellow ground
colour of euphaes and as in nearly all individual specimens a whitish line occurs on inner edge of the olive-green
oblique band, this new combination again reminds one of just that variation that C. Ribbe had actually
intended under the denomination vandalusica. Therefore I should like to name this nice hybrid form euphaes
rosea Fischer. Its size considerably exceeds that of euphaes Dso. < $ 7 — 7.5 ems, 9 7-5 — 8 ems expanse).”

C. hybr. josephi Hornstein ( G . hybr. pernoldiana Aust. <$ X G. euphorbiae L 9) is a reciprocal crossing
of euphorion Hornst. and can scarcely be distinguished from euphorbiae L. The marginal band of hindwings
is narrower, the underside is much paler with larger and more intensive central spot.

C. hybr. casteki Grosse ( G . hybr. galiphorbiae Dso. <$ X G. hybr. kindervateri Kys. 9); This hybrid,
which is described from a single differs from all other hybrids of the gallii and euphorbiae group by the
almost completely vespertilio like, moderately grey-blue shading of the central area of forewings. Antennae
and body like galiphorbiae. Dorsal line is absent. Wing contour more like euphorbiae. Costal zone like gali¬
phorbiae with indistinct markings. Stigma distinct and large. The shading of the central area only outwardly
of the narrow atavistic line pale yellow. Oblique band like euphorbiae, descending steeply to hind margin.
Outer area grey-lilac. Hindwings deep red as euphorbiae. Outer band expanding towards the base with dusky
shading. Marginal area reddish grey. Underside reddish.

C. hybr. srdinkoi Obertli. ([ G . hippophorbiae Dso. A X G. euphorbiae L. 9] o X G . hybr. hippophorbiae
Dso. 9) differs from a large euphorbiae 9 only through the median band of hindwings, which is not so clearly
red, but rather a dusky carmine. Marginal stripe narrower (described from a single specimen).

HYBRIDS OF SPHINGIDAE. By B. Gehlen.

163

C. hybr. Juliana Rbl. (P. elpenor L. <$ x G. hybr. epilobii Bsd. $) generally speaking inclines towards juliana.
elpenor. Antennae white on upperside, yellow-red below. Thorax olive-green with red longitudinal streak.

Posterior edge of collar and tegulae pure white. Abdomen unicoloured olive-green on upperside without longi¬
tudinal streak, laterally red. Only a single deep black lateral mark. Half the costal marginal zone and oblique
streak of forewings are olive-green, the rest of the surface is red. Hindwings pale red, never so brilliant as in
elpenor. Black basal spot narrower. Black submarginal band always more or less present. Anal angle paler,
but never white. Underside rosy fed with olive-green. Differs from elpenor by the pure white antennae, absence
of the dorsal line on abdomen, olive-green costa of forewings, absence of the white stigma and the much more
prominent oblique stripe of fore wings.

C. hybr. vesperdiana Hornst. (C. hybr. pernoldiana Aust. $ x G. vespertilio Esp. $). According to vesperdi-
outward appearance the specimens can be divided into 2 sharply distinct groups. In the 1st most striking group anu

the forewings are grey inclining towards ochreous yellow and of almost uniform colouration. Basal and costal
spots, as well as the oblique stripe are extinct, whilst the oblique band that is usually darker, appears here to
be paler, being an ochreous yellow on the greyish ground. At base of forewings there is a grey-black spot
that turns to whitish grey at hind margin. In centre of wings there is an obsolete dark spot and inwards of
same a white-yellow mark. Hindwings like those of vespertilio, but the marginal stripe is somewhat wider,
the red darker. Body pale yellow-grey, grey on thorax and laterally whitish grey. Antennae yellowdsh white.

Unterside dull reddish with grey-violet sheen. — The specimens of the 2nd group look like very dusky epilobii
nevertheless with distinctly visible euphorbiae markings on fore wings, however not olive-grey, but grey. Basal costal
spots and oblique band diffuse. Also in this group the hindwings are like those of vespertilio, the anal spot
is deep rose. The band is often very wide and intensively black. Body grey-olive -green, with pale grey edges
on thorax. Abdomen often with 3 black lateral spots. Antennae white. Underside grey-rose with blackish
shading, very like vespertilio .

C. hybr. kostiali Ehinger (G. hybr. bergeri Ehinger X G. euphorbiae L. $). The progeny of a crossing kostiali.
of an euphorbiae like <$ of hybr. bergeri could not be distinguished from typical euphorbiae. From a crossing
wdth a hybr. bergeri which had faintly dusky forewings, 62 specimens were produced, all of very good size.

Of these 35 had very dusky forewings; the duskiness of forewings through the olive-green scales exceeds that
of bergeri, in fact it surpasses that of densoi and generally contains the atavistic central line. 41 specimens
retained a purely euphorbiae type and 14 formed a transition of bergeri to euphorbiae. If one considers that
the kostiali hybrids were of 7/8 euphorbiae extraction, the result is remarkable.

C. hybr. 1 off leri Ehinger ( G . kostiali Ehinger $ x G. euphorbiae L. $). I could not find a description loffleri.
of this quartiary hybrid. At the time of publication only one $ was in existence from the copula.

C. hybr. pseudophorbiae Hornstein (G. euph. euphorbiae L. G X G. hybr. pernoldiana Aust. $) resembles pseudo-
euphorbiae L. to an extraordinary degree, differing by the sleeker shape of the body and more pointed wings. phorbiae.
Central area sometimes suffused with grey and the costal zone more diffuse. Hindwings more extensively
rose. Outer margin narrower.

C. hybr. kindertanica Gehlen nom. nov. (= zwerinai Vlach., nom. praeoccup.) (G. hybr. kindervateri kinderta-
Kys. 3 x G. euph. mauretanica Stgr. $) resembles mauretanica, but the hindwings are narrower and red-brown nica-

instead of carmine. Head, antennae and thorax like euphorbiae. On abdomen a row of white spots reminds
one of gallii, whilst on account of the heavier white edge to the last abdominal segments one is reminded of
kindervateri and galiphorbiae.

P. hybr. degenerata Kotzsch (P. hybr. luciani Dso. x G. euphorbiae L. $) is smaller than elpenor degenerata.
(expanse 46—55 mm) and inclines in its markings towards euphorbiae, but the dark central line on forewings
is mostly present, as in harmuthi, gschwandneri, gillyi etc. Ground colour of upperside reddish like elpenor, redder
than in luciani. Oblique band relatively narrower than in euphaes Dso. The large costal spot larger than in
galiphorbiae. Basal spot less developed than in euphorbiae. Abdomen olive-green on upperside, red below with
a single black lateral spot. Antennae white. Underside of wings reddish.

P. hybr. elpenorides Kotzsch (P. hybr. luciani Dso. <$ x P. elpenor L. $) differs little from elpenor. elpenorides.
Ihe red marking is bolder and more extensive. The red margin of hindwings on the other hand is narrower
and on underside the red margin of forewings is wider and towards the apex it does not approach the outer
margin.

P. hybr. stollei Zoological Institute, Vienna. (P. hybr. luciani Dso. $ X P. porcellus L. $) is generally stollei.
smaller than porcellus. The colouring and marking characteristics are as different as in hybr. luciani Dso..
so that it is difficult to describe a type. All specimens vary and partly revert to the forms of the primary hybrid.

Of the two delicate oblique lines traversing the forewings, the outer one always extends to the costal margin,
whilst the inner one generally diffuses in the costal zone, which is usually porcellus like and reddish or greenish-
ochre. Hindwings as a rule are like porcellus, but as is seen from the illustrations, specimens occur having
an almost monotonous olive -grey hindwing without black basal and costal zones and no submarginal band.

The white lateral spots in the anal region of abdomen are almost always present.

164

Index and Reference of Original Descriptions of Palaearetic Sphingidae.

miranda.

In addition the following hybrid has been bred for which hitherto no description has been published:
C. hybr. (sine nom.) (C. hybr. kindervateri Kys. q X C. hybr. h i p p o phor b i a e Dso.- Q).

All the hybrids enumerated here, with the exception of eisneri Gehlen, which was captured in nature,
have only been obtained in captivity.

The following hybrids of this group have also been bred. No descriptions have been published and no denomina¬
tions made:

1C. hybr. hippophorbiae Dso. x C. euphorbiae L. $.

(sine nom.) -Jc. gallii Rott x C. euphorbiae deserticola Bartel $.

(C. hybr. wagneri Dso. <$ x C. hybr. hippophorbiae Dso. $.

The hybrid S. hybr. hyhridus Steph. dealt with in Vol. 2 is now illustrated in this volume (13 b).

Supplement 1.

The following further hybrids of this group have been achieved, for which so far no denomination has been given
and no description published:

\

(sine nom.)

C. euphorbiae deserticola Bartel q x C. euphorbiae L. $.

C. centralasiae Stgr. q x C. euphorbiae deserticola Bartel $.
C. gallii Rott $ x C. euphorbiae deserticola Bartel
C. hippophaes Esp. q X C. euphorbiae deserticola Bartel 9.
C. hippophaes Esp. $ x P. elpenor L. $.

C. lineata livornica Esp. x C. gallii Rott $.

Supplement 2.

(sine nom.) C. hybr. wormsbacheri John q x S. ocellata L. 2.

Bred by .Johx.

Bred by John.

S. hybr. miranda Stdfs. ( S . ocellata L. $ x S. hybr. neopalaearctica Sidfs. $). Size and form as
ocellata. Outer margin of wings generally slightly dentate. Body and forewings inclined to rusty brown on
upperside, not grey or grey-red as ocellata. Stigma not black, but pale in crescent form; the dark spot in the
outer discal band clearly indicated. Hindwings as ocellata, but the eyespot and the blue pupil smaller, the latter
sometimes being only an arc in the black area. Underside inclines towards ocellata, but the dark colouration
is more rusty brown, the rose transverse bands more widely separated and their centre line dentate. In the
centre of forewings a pale lunular mark as on upperside. As many as $$ were bred.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearetic Sphingidae in this Supplementary Volume.

* signifies that the form is also figured in the place cited.

acteus Rhynch. Cr. Pap. Exot. 3, p. 93. *
acuta Clanis Mell Fauna Sinica 2, p. 115. *
acuta Clanis Mell Fauna Sinica 2, p. 119.
aemilii ( x ) Klemann Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22, p. 443.
aksana Haem. Le Cerf Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1923, p. 199.
aksuensis Herse B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 78.
albeola Cel. Sid. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. 9, p. 358.
albescens Sphinx Cockayne Entomol. Record 38, p. 65. *
albicans Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 166.
albicolor Sphinx Cockayne Entomol. Record 38, p. 65. *
albina Cel. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 189. *
alboradiata Perg. Lamb. Rev. Namur Mens. 1913, p. 8.
alice ( x) Klemann Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 451.
alticola Smer. Clark Proc. New-Engl. Zool. Club 8, p. 8.
anfracta Pan. Gehl. Ent. Ztschr. 44, p. 258. *
angustata Am. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 64.
annellata Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 9, p. 1.
apiciplaga Cel. Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24, p. 217. *
arestus Sphinx Lord. Novit. Zoolog. 34, p. 243.
argustana Cel. Banderm. Societ. Entomol. 43, p. 43.
atrobrunnea Mim. Lenz Ostheld. Schm. Siidb. 1925. p. 174.
atrolimbata Cel. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 99.
atroviridis Mim. Lenz Osthelders Schmett. Siidb. 1925, p. 174.

balearica Cel. Rbl. Iris 11, p. 141.

bergeri ( x ) Ehing. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 91.

bertae ( x ) Dannenb. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. 10, p. 213.

bikindervateri ( x ) Grosse Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 325.

bimaculata Mim. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 1.

bimarginalis Mim. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 1.
brunnea Am. Hoard Misc. Ent. 31, p. 25.

caecigena Cel. Banderm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 18, p. 4.
canarina Cel. Wldsch. Beitr. Syst. Ins. 3, p. 29.
casteki ( x ) Grosse Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 329.
caucasica Cel. Dso. Iris 27, p. 35. *
eelator Pseudod. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 33, p. 379.
ceuisius Sphinx Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 34, p. 243.
chamyla Cel. Dso. Iris 27, p. 35. *

chishimensis Sphinx Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 3 (1929), p. 165.

chishimensis Cel. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 3 (1929), p. 166.

eingulata Cel. Std. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. 9, p. 358.

circularis Haem. Stephan Iris 38, p. 18.

clara Mim. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 84.

clara ( x ) Aust. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 8, p. 92.

clarissimus Smer. Mell Fauna Sinica 2, p. 188.

Cleopatra Cel. Wldsch. Entom. Anzeig. 11, p. 243.
clossi Cel. Hannem. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 84.
colon Mim. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 94.
complicata ( x ) Stdfs. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 12, Heft 5/6,
Tab. C.

confluens Ach. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 87.
confluens Deil. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 153.
confusa Cel. Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22, p. 13. *
conjuncta Cel. Lutkem. Ent. Ztschr. 34, p. 51.
conspicuata Cel. Banderm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 20. p. 294.
constricta Mim. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 94.
convergensMacr. Costantini Atti Soc. Nat. Modena 3, p. 15 (1916).

Index and Reference of Original descriptions of Palaearctic Sphingidae.

165

costalis Polypt. Mell D. Ent. Ztschr. 1922, p. 115. *
crocea Cel. Rbl. Berge’s B’fly Book (IX.), p. 93.
curvata Dolb. Mats. Jap. Fig. Add. 4, 1921, p. 749.
cuspidata Cel. Fritsch Iris 30, p. 94.
cyanea Cel. Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 391.
eyanea Cel. WIdsch. Societ. Entomol. 44, p. 18.

dannenbergi ( x ) Kunz Societ. Entomol. 28, p. 81.
dealbata Cel. Schultz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 184.
decolorata Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7, p. 73.
degenerata ( x ) Kotzsch Ent. Ztschr. 44, p. 303.
demaculata Cel. Schultz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 184.
dentata Cel. Gschw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 375.
dickroae Rhag. Mell D. Ent. Ztschr. 1922, p. 120.
diluta Ach. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 199.
diluta Smer. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 82.
discifera Mim. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 84.
draconis Polypt. P. & J. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 105.
drilon Reth. Rbl. & Zerny Lep. Fauna Albaniens 1931,
p. 85. *

ebneri ( x ) Grosse Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 310.
eburnea Psil. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 275.
eisneri ( x ) Gehl. Entomol. Rundsch. 1932, p. 63. *
elegans Dolb. B.-H. Iris 26, p. 229.
elliana Cel. Banderni. Ent. Ztschr. 31, p. 48.
elpenorides ( x ) Kotzsch Ent. Ztschr. 44, p. 303.
elpomali ( x ) Muhr Ver. d. Naturb. Wien 4, p. 1.
engadina ( x ) WIdsch. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 1923, p. 208.
ernata Cel. Banderm. Societ. Entomol. 43, p. 42.
etrusca Cel. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 42, p. 278. *
euphaes-rosea ( x) Fischer Societ. Entomol. 41, p. 49.
eupliogrossei (x) Giinth. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 306.
euphophorbiae ( x ) Aust. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 8, p. 92.
euphorbiaella ( x ) John Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 10, p. 63. *
euphorion ( x ) Hornst. Ent. Ztschr. 38, p. 19.
eupkothymali ( x ) Niep. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 353. *
excessiva Mim. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 94.
exstinguenda ( x ) Sidfs. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Gres. 12, Heft 5/6,
Tab. C.

fasciata Herse Pill. Rovart. Lapok 16, p. 187.
t'asciata Mim. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 94.
lerrea Sphinx Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 14, p. 90.
ferrugineus Haem. Stephan Iris 38, p. 18.
fischeri ( x ) Kunz (nondum ed.).
flava Cel. Dso. Iris 27, p. 23.

flaveola Cel. Banderm. Societ. Entomol. 43, p. 42.
flavescens Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 14, p. 89.
flavescens Smer. Neumann Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24, p. 248.
flavescens ( x ) Giinth. Ent. Ztschr. 38, p. 106.
flavidior Cel. Sohn-Rethel Iris 43, p. 1.
flayomaculata Am. Mezg. Lambill. 28, p. 59.
lortis Mar. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 35, p. 85.
fromkei ( x) Dso. Iris 27, p. 115. *

gallidalili ( x ) John Ent. Ztschr. 36, p. 33.
galliyornica ( x ) Gr. & Kunz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 195.
giganteomaculata Cel. Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24, p. 217. *
gigas Pros. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 19, p. 128. *
gonneri Cel. Banderm. Societ. Entomol. 30, p. 45. *
grentzenbergi-ziczac Cel. WIdsch. Societ. Entomol. 44, p. 18.
grisea Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 276.
grisea Smer. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 82.
grisea Sphinx Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 82.
griseonympha Cel. Banderm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 18, p. 4.
griseotlioracica Mim. Cab. Lambill. 11, p. 174.
giintheri ( x ) Niep. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 181.

hades Perg. Rbl. Berge’s B’fly Book (IX), p. 98.
helenoides ( x ) Grosse Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 316.
liimachala Gur. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 621.
hippothyniali ( x ) Vlach Et. L<§p. Comp. 21, p. 105. *
houlberti Kentr. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 17, p. 105. *

ilia Cel. Banderm. .Societ. Entomol. 43, p. 43.
imperfecta ( x ) Giinth. Ent. Ztschr. 38, p. 106.
incarnata Cel. WIdsch. Societ. Entomol. 44, p. 18.
infumata Pros. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27, p. 16.
infuseata Cel. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21, p. 74.
interrupta Ach. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 14, p. 188.
inversa Mim. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 1.
irata Mar. J. & K. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20 (8), p. 305.
isolde ( x ) Rasold Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 263.

jachani Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 15, p. 62.

jacobsi ( x) Pernold Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 179.

jankowskii Clanis Gehl. Entom. Rundsch. 1932, p. 66. *

jodeides Mar. Mell D. Ent. Ztschr. 1922, p. 115.

jordani Haem. Clark Proc. New-Eng. Zool. Club 9, p. 105.

jordani Sphinx Mell D. Ent. Ztschr. 1922, p. 14.

josephi ( x ) Hornst. Ent. Ztschr. 35, p. 94.

juliana ( x ) Rbl. Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver. 24, p. 83.

kindertanica Cel. Gehl. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 163.
kostiali ( x ) Ehinger Ent. Rundsch. 37, p. 7. *
krancheri Cel. Banderm. Kranch. Ent. Jahrb. 25, p. 137. *
krombachi Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 84.
kruegeri Cel. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 8, p. 135.
kunzi ( x ) Dannenb. Ztschr. Ins. Biol. 9, p. 242.

latefasciata Cel. Schultz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 184.
lateralis Dolb. Mats. Jap. Fig. Add. 4, 1921, p. 748.
libanotica Cel. Gehl. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 153. *
lilacina Cel. WIdsch. Societ. Entomol. 44, p. 18.
livopenor (x) Muller Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23, p. 213. *
liyorneuphorbiae ( x ) Wolter Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 193.
loffleri ( x ) Ehinger Entom. Rundsch. 37, p. 7. *
luecki Hipp. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, 153.
lugens Perg. Niep. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 20, p. 61.
lutea Cel. Gschw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 375.

maculata Mim. Wllgr. Skand. Het. 1863, p. 15.
maculifera Cel. Klemensz. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Krakau 46, p. 4.
major Cel. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 12, p. 201.
marginalis Mim. Mecke Int. Ent. Ztschr. 19, p. 361.
marginedenticulata Cel. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 12, p. 190.
massiliensis Sphinx Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 34, p. 243.
masuriensis Gur. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Bond., p. 244. (Nov.
Zool. 35, p. 87.) *

maurorum Sphinx Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 34, p. 243.
medialis Sphinx Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 34, p. 243.
melania ( x ) John Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 1914, p. 63. *
meridionalis Smer. Gehl. Ent. Ztschr. 45, p. 202. *
minor Sphinx Stephan Iris 38, p. 16.

miranda ( x ) Stdfs. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 1914, Heft 5/6,
Tab. C.

moira Ach. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 87.
montana Gur. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 22, p. 289.
mosana Cel. Lamb. Rev. Namur Mens. 1908, p. 43.
multicolor Cel. WIdsch. Ent. Anz. 11, p.243.
musculus Haem. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13, p. 157.
myosotis Ach. Schaw. Ztschr. Oest. Ent. Ver. 4, p. 31.

nebulosa Cel. Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24, p. 217. *

| nigerrima Cel. Scilzl Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 14, p. 143.

nigra Cel. Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24, p. 217. *
j nigra Deil. Schmidt Ent. Ztschr. 28, p. 16.
nigricans Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 84.
nigrofasciata Cel. Joel Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22, p. 155.
niphaphylla Thib. J.& K. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20, (8), p. 321. *

| nisseni Sphinx R. & J. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 253.

| nymphaea Cel. Banderm. Societ. Entomol. 43, p. 42.

oberthiiri Cel. Banderm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 84.
obscura Smer. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 153.
obscurata Ach. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 153.
obscurata Cel. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 100.
obscurata Cel. Niep. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 15, p. 198.
obscurata Haem. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 275.
j ocelloastylus ( x ) John Ent. Ztschr. 42, p. 246. *
ocelloplanus ( x) John Ztschr. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. 1914, p. 63. *
j ochracea Mar. B.-H. Horae Macrolep., p. 79.
j ochracea Oxyamb. Btlr. Cistulae Entomol. 3, p. 113.
ochrea Mar. Mell D. Ent. Ztschr. 1922, p. 115. *
olivacea Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 166.
ollivryi Smer. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 17, p. 7. *
orientalis Cel. Aust. Ent. Ztschr. 18, p. 143.

pallens Cypa Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 33, p. 380.
pallicosta Rhag. Mell D. Ent. Ztschr. 1922, p. 121.
pallida Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7, p. 89.
pallida ( x ) Giinth. Ent. Ztschr. 38, p. 106.
paranicaea ( x ) Fischer Schweiz. Ent. Anz. 5, p. 1.
parva Dolb. Mats. Jap. Fig. Add. 4, 1921, p. 747.
peitaihoensis Herse Clark Proc. New-Eng. Zool. Club 8, p. 2.
perfulva Cel. Schultz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 184.
perversa Sphinx Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 391. *
philerema Am. Djak. Ann. Mus. Petrogr. 24, p. 104.

166

Index and Reference of Original descriptions of palaearctic Sphingidae.

philiponi Am. Huard Misc. Ent. 31, p. 25.
philippsi Cel. Banderm. Entom. Anzeig. 9, p. 248. *
pbilippsi ( x ) Pernold Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 179.
planatlanticus ( x) Kunz (nond. ed.)
planogertrudis ( x ) Kunz (nond. ed.)

platei ( x ) Stdfs. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 1914, Heft 5/6,
Tab. C.

populata ( x ) Klemann In. Ent. Ztschr. 22, p. 443.
porca Perg. B.-H. Horae Macrolep., p. 80. *
privata Cel. Aust. Ent. Ztschr. 18, p. 143.
pseudogallii ( x) Grosse Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 316.
pseudogrossei ( x) Gunth. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22, p. 61.
pseudopliorbiae ( x ) Hornst. Ent. Ztschr. 38, p. 10.
pseudotrimaculata Mini. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 94.
pulcherrinia ( x) Dso. Iris 27, p. 119. *
purpureosignata Gur. Gloss Int. Ent, Ztschr. 11, p. 154.

radiata Ach. Niep. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 278. *
rangnowi Haem. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 275.
rebeli Haem. Anger Ztschr. Oest. Ent. Yer. 4, p. 15.
reducta Haem. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 82.
reverdini Cel. Std. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 9, p. 358.
robusta Haem. Alpher. Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 17, p. 17.
rosacea ( x ) Gunth. Ent Ztschr. 38, p. 106.
rosea Hipp. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 276.
roseata Cel. Banderm. Ent. Anz. 11, p. 6.
roseotincta Mim. Schaw. Verb, Ent. Ges. Wien 71, p. 152.
rotkschildi Cel. Std. Lep. Rundsch. Wien 2, p. 113.
rubescens Cel. Schaw. Int, Ent, Ztschr. 8, p. 135.
rubida Cel. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 12, p. 189.
rubida Sphinx Cab. Rev. Namur Mens. 25, p. 278. *
rubra Cel. Closs Int. Ent, Ztschr. 11, p. 241.
rudolfi Cel. Banderm. Int, Ent. Ztschr. 18, p. 4.
rufobrunnea Mim. Lenz Osthelders Schmett. Siidb. 1925,
p. 174.

ruEomelana Cel. Tutt Brit. Lep. 4, p. 204.
riihlii Cel. Banderm. Soc. Ent. 30, p. 37.

sachalinensis Cel. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 3, p. 166.
saharae Cel. Std. Iris 35, p. 179.
satanella Cel. Std. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. Biol. 9, p. 358.
saturata Gur. Mell D. Ent, Ztschr. 1922, p. 119.
scheiderbaueri Perg. Gschw. Ztschr. Oest. Ent. Ver. Wien 9,
p. 87.

schmidti Pros. Schmidt Ent. Ztschr. 27, p. 16.

schneideri (x) Kunz (descr. nond. ed.)

schongarthi Am. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 346.

scholzi Cel. Steph. Iris 38, p. 20.

scotti Sat. Jord. Novit. Zoolog. 33, p. 381.

selmonsi ( x ) Fischer Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23, p. 139.

semicentripuncta Mim. Punge-Billw. Ent. Ztschr. 19, p. 91.

semilugens Sphinx Andreas Int. Ent. Ztschr. 18, p. 241.

sheljuzhkoi Cel. Dubl. Ent, Ztschr. 42, p. 38. *

sieberti Hipp. Closs Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 54, p. 224.
silesaina Cel. Wldsch. Beitr. System. Ins. 3, p. 29.
srdinkoi ( x ) Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 21, p. 109. *
standfussi ( x ) Dannenb. Ztschr. Ins. Biol. 9, p. 295.
stehri Sphinx Stephan Entom. Anzeig. 6, p. 4.
stollei ( x ) Ver. Naturb. u. Samml. Wien 2, p. 7.
strasillai Cel. Std. Iris 35, p. 31.

subjacensis Cel. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 99.
submarginalis Ampel. Mats.. Coll. Agr. Hokkaido 19, p. 4. *
subvittata Cel. Schultz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 184.
sulphurata Cel. Banderm. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 113.
sus Perg. B.-H. Horae Macrolep., p. 80. *
szczodrowskii ( x ) Muller Int. Ent. Ztschr. 20, p. 352.

tatsienluica Ther. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 202.
tenerifana ( x ) Fischer Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23, p. 137.
testata Cel. Wldsch. Societ, Entomol. 44, p. 18.
tokyonis Smer. Mats. Thous. Ins. Jap. Add. 4, 1921.
transcaspica Ther. B.-H. Horae Macrolep., p. 80.
transcaucasica Cel. Gehl. Ent. Ztschr. 44, p. 174. *
tremulaeformis (x) Stdfs. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 1914.
Heft 5/6, Tab. C.

trimaculata Mim. Bromb. Int, Ent, Ztschr. 9, p. 137. *
tsekoui Pan. Clark Proc. New-Eng. Zool. Club 9, p. 51.
tsingtauica Clanis Mell Fauna Sinica II, p. 114.
turragallii ( x ) Aust. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 8, p. 93.
tykaci ( x ) Vlach Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 21, p. 107. *
typica-latifolia Cel. Wldsch. Societ, Entomol. 44, p. 18.

umbrata Cel. Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21. p. 401. *
umbrosa Cel. Schultz. Int, Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 184.
unicolor ( x ) Gunth. Ent, Ztschr. 38, p. 106.
unicolor ( x ) Gunth. Ent. Ztschr. 38, p. 106.
nnifasciata Sphinx Gschiv. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 375.
ussuriensis Mar. B.-H. Horae Macrolep., p. 79.

vandalusica Cel. Bbb. Iris 23, Beih. 1 — 2, p. 212.
variegata Cel. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7, p. 89.
velutina Cel. Std. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 9, p. 358.
vesperdiana ( x ) Hornst. Ent. Ztschr. 35, p. 103.
viereckana Cel. Banderm. Societ. Entomol. 43, p. 42.
violacea Ach. Lamb. Rev. Namur Mens. 1905, p. 35.
virescens Cel. Gehl. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24, p. 217. *
viridis Mim. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 275.
vitrina Mim. Gehl. Ent. Ztschr. 45, p. 203.
vittata Sphinx Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 14, p. 94.

wesloeensis Perg. Knoch Int, Ent. Ztschr. 23, p. 182.
wormsbacheri ( x) John Ent. Ztschr. 42, p. 322. *

ziczac Cel. Fritsch Ent. Ztschr. 1919, p. 16.
zwerinai ( x ) Grosse Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6, p. 324.
zwerinai ( x) Vlach Et. L6p. Comp. 21, p. 108.

EUCHERA; DREPANA. By M. Gaede.

167

14. Family: Drepanidae.

Whilst Warren classified the Drepanidae before the Sphingidae and Saturnidae in accordance with
ancient custom, most of the newer catalogues, as also Hampson (1925) place them much lower in the genealogical
tree. Hampson places them with the Callidulidae, to which they are presumably closely allied, immediately
after the Thyrididae, which on their part follow the Pyralidae and these are Microlepidoptera. We are therefore
placing them here after the Sphingidae in view of the opinion held by many people, that they are related to
the Notodontidae and by this method they are brought closer together.

In regard to the Callidulidae there is only to be mentioned in addition to what was written in the main
Volume 2, that this family, that is so difficult to define, is now rather differently composed to what it was 20
years ago. The form Schistomitra funeralis Btlr. from Japan, which in VoG 2, p. 208 was classified as a Calli¬
dulidae, is today placed close to Nossa ( Atossa ); this change, which we had already anticipated, as we had our
doubts as to the original classification, will explain why we had placed the illustration (Vol. 2, pi. 48 g) next
to the Genera Nossa and Psycho str ophia. — There is no need to refer further to the family Callidulidae-,
on the other hand a number of new forms have to be added to the Drepanidae.

1. Genus: Euchera Hbn.

\

E. nigralbata Warr. As the author himself indicates that specimens from Gensan (Corea) represent nigralbata.
transitions to E. capitata Wkr., dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 196 and illustrated on pi. 23 f., the main locality for
which is Hongkong, this does not appear to be a separate species, but only a distinctly marked form. In typical
capitata the forewings closely resemble those of the specimen illustrated as substigmaria on pi. 23 f., whilst the
hindwings generally show the outer dark band wider than the central one. nigralbata has forewings just like
the illustration of capitata Wkr. on pi. 23 f, but the bands are somewhat darker and the dark marginal band
is generally wider. The hindwings of nigralbata are said to have rather darker bands. To sum matters up:
all capitata designated thus and from Japan (which includes the specimens in the Pungeler Collection) would
be more correctly classified as nigralbata,. I have only a single $ from Gensan before me. In this the white
bands each side of the dark central band on forewings are wider. The central band itself is narrower ; the
same applies to the hindwings. The only feature that would enable one to refer to it as a “transition to
capitata ’ woidd be the paler colouration of the dark bands. I have numerous specimens of the genuine capitata
from Canton before me. Prout ascertained in 1918 that substigmaria Hbn. was an older name for capitata
Wkr., both being typical from South China. Consequently a name is necessary for the Indian form of substig-
maria: superstigmaria Prout. The typical substigmaria ( capitata ) from China, Formosa, Tonkin is similar to the superstig-
form intermedia Prout from Thibet, but less dark gi’ey than the latter. The cell spot on hindwings is fainter ■ ntermedia
on upperside, the submarginal spots are generally more distinctly conjoined by grey shadings.

9. Genus: Drepana Schrk.

A. European species.

D. falcataria L. (Vol. 2, p. 199, pi. 23 g). Very pale specimens with almost obsolete markings on
hindwings and which occur everywhere are named pallida Stepli. - - The counterpart, the dark form, has three pallida.
denominations: infernalis Hofjm. ( = curvatuloides Wgn., obscura Sul.). All the markings of both wings are infernalis.

168

CANUCHA; ALBARA. By M. Gaede.

much darker, especially the costa, apex and marginal area of forewings. On hindwings costa and base are not
darkened. Typical from Styria (1000 m altitude), the other 2 names denote specimens from Polsi and the
ochracea. Aspromonte mountains. ochracea Lamb, is a superfluous name for dark specimens, whose colouration approa¬
ches that of harpagula, being about as dark as the somewhat pale illustration of harpagula in Vol. 2, pi. 23 h.

flavomar- D. curvatula Bkh. (Vol. 2, p. 199, pi. 23 h). Only the form flavomarginata <$ Gloss, is to be mentioned,

gmafa. pavjng hindwings with orange-yellow beyond the outer line. Also in 2 from Sei shin (Corea) the margin
of both wings is very light. — I have before me some very dark specimens from Berlin, the ground colour
of wrhich is approximately like the illustration of muscularia Wkr. (Vol. 2, pi. 30 f). Only the margin of forewings
is rather paler, similar to scabiosa Btlr. (pi. 30 f), as also are the edges of the very dark central band.
Hindwings scarcely show any markings. This form does not appear to have been denominated so far.

D. lacertinaria L. (Vol. 2, p. 200, pi. 23 h). The summer form, which was already dealt with in
erosula. Vol. 2 as aestiva Rbl ., should according to P. Schulze be given the older name of erosula Lasp. The
lacertula. Spring form lacertula is somewhat dimorphous, the $ is rather greyer, the $ browner. In the summer generation
erosula both sexes are much more similar, the $ being almost as brown as the $. In the 2nd generation the
hindwings in both sexes are paler, so that one can recognise a $ of this brood without seeing the date label.
In specimens of the 1st generation the outer line of forewings normally has a rather acute angle at base
of upper median nervure and above this there is an indentation. - A $ that in consequence should be of
interpres. the 1st generation, but which has the ocbreous yellow ground colour of the 2nd generation is named interpres
lacoraria. Schulze. In England a small 1st generation occurs: tacoraria Schulze. The $ is monotonous ochreous yellow,
similar to erosula, the transverse lines are blackish grey, devoid of dark freckle markings. The pale subterminal
line on forewings is more or less absent. The $, except for its small size, resembles many of the Berlin
specimens, but the ground colour is rather more reddish brown and more uniformly spread over the surface.
The grey freckling is indistinct. • As Linne’s type is not available, it is difficult to state whether it agreed
with the 1st or 2nd generation from Central Europe or whether it represented the northern forms scincula Hbn.
and brylcaria Schulze from Finland. The only specimen I have from Finland, in the Pungeleu Collection, corre¬
sponds as exactly as is possible to Hubner’s illustration of scincula, when one takes into consideration the
rough and ready ways of that time. The name brylcaria would therefore appear to be superfluous.

The following additional 2 asiatic species.

thermo- D. thermopasta Hmps. Body and forewings orange, densely dusted with red-brown. A curved inner

pasta. anq 2 similar outer lines indicated. Besides these a spot in marginal area below apex. This mark also red-brown.
Hindwings have basal and inner marginal areas similarly dusted with red-brown. At inner margin there are
traces of a curved inner, outer and submarginal line. Underside orange. ^ 26 mm. W. China.

cretacea. D. cretacea Hmps. Body and forewings chalky white, thinly scaled. At lower angle of cell a brown

spot is indicated. A rather oblique outer line from discoidal nervure to inner margin, delicately marked, reddish
yellow afid in front of the margin on discoidal and subcostal nervures similarly coloured spots. Hindwings
chalky white with traces of a curved outer line. $ 48 mm. W. China.

Genus: Cauuclia Wkr.

All that is necessary in regard to this Genus has been said in Vol. 10, p. 475. The only new species
is described as a Drepana.

louvieri. C. bouvien Oberth. is probably identical with C. duplexa Mr. dealt with in Vol 10, p 475 and pi. 491.

Ground colour is yellow-brown. From apex of fore wings to the centre of inner margin a pale line extends,
that is widely edged with dark brown outwardly, the area inwardly of same to costa and to the cell is similarly
dark, only the costa at apex remaining light. At end of cell widely whitish and a whitish spot posteriorly.
In basal area a few dark brown dentate lines. On hindwings the pale central line is curved, its surround
similar to that on forewings. In outer area numerous dark lines. $ 70 mm. Ta-tsien-lu.

The following species described by Oberthur a s Drepana probably all belong to the

Genus: Albara Wkr.

In regard to this Genus please also refer to Vol. 10, p. 467. The distinctions from Drepana are not
great, robusta is only classified here provisionally. It probably will require a separate Genus.

robusta. A. robusta Oberth. (10 g). Ground colour violet-brown. From apex of forewings a wide dark brown

line extends to centre of inner margin. Near the base there is a curved line, forming a quarter of a circle.
Posterior to same on costa at equal distances 3 horizontal dark streaks of which the last one is conjoined

Publ. 13. III. 1933.

DEROCA; CILIX. By M. Gaede.

169

with a line proceeding from apex. In the marginal area there are dark shadings, outer margin heavily
excurved. On paler hind wings a line from %rds of inner margin in the direction of apex but curving
inwards before reaching same. 45 mm. Ta-tsien-lu.

A. agna Oberth. (lOg). This and the following 2 species have a similar scheme of markings, the agna.
excurvation of outer margin is only as pronounced in the first 2 as in robusta. Ground colour bluish brown
with 2 reddish brown transverse lines. On forewings the inner line is about vertical, the outer one diverges
from it at costa. There are a few blackish dots before the outer margin. On hindwings the two lines are
parallel and slightly curved. 25—35 mm. Siao-lu.

A. opaiescens Oberth. (10g). Most probably this is only a dark form of lilacina Mr., dealt with in opalescens.
Vol. 2, p. 203. pi. 48 d. The colour of forewings is approximately like that of agna. Both lines are also red-
brown, of which the inner one inclines towards the base at the costa. Both lines with pale edges on averted
sides. Tne inner line commences at costa in a black triangle, behind same on the costa there is a similar
triangle. Hindwings deep orange-yellow, at %ths of inner margin there are indications of a brown transverse
line. 23 30 mm. Tien-tsuen. — The species is also very like bicostata Hmps. (Vol. 10, p. 470, pi. 49 g as

bicolarata) , but in the latter the inner line of fore wings is more vertical and on underside the costa of both
wings is not dark.

A. ocellata Oberth. (10 g). Ground colour is paler than the two previous species, but otherwise similar, ocellata.

On fore wings the two transverse lines are like those of agna, but the outer one is faintly incurved. The two
spots on costa correspond to those of opalescens. At upper and lower angles of cell 3 small white spots. In
marginal area there is a white line edged on both sides with dark shading. On pale yellow hindwings the
two transverse lines are only visible near inner margin and besides there are dark streaks near anal angle. $

28 mm. Siao-lu. This species is probably only a form of vira Mr. (Vol. 10, p. 470 and pi. 49 g as vera). In
the latter the white submarginal line is not so distinct as in Oberthur's illustration of ocellata. The curving
of the outei line varies considerably in vira, this will probably also be the case with ocellata.

A. pulvis Oberth. (10 g) varies somewhat in the shape of the wings and formation of the lines. Ground
colour pale grey violet, somewhat darker in the anterior part between the; two dentate white lines at costa, pulvis.

The inner line dentate obliquely outward to median nervure, thence inwards and parallel to the outer line.

Beyond the latter there is still a white submarginal line. There are 4 transverse lines at inner margin of
whitish yellow hindwings. The 1st and 3rd are short and less distinct, the 2nd and 4th clearer and longer
$28 mm. Siao-lu.

A. ogasawarae Mats. $ ashy grey intermixed with brown scales. All lines brown. The inner line ogasawarac.
imely drawn, heavily excurved, parallel to the outer line at the extremity. At disco -cellular 2 black dots.

Outer line darker, from %ths of costa very obliquely outwards to vein 6, thence to %rds of inner margin
The submarginal line vertical on vein 1 to outer line, above vein 2—4 brown scales. On hindwings there
are two straight parallel fines from inner margin extending over %rds of width of wing. The $ is generally
white with only a large brown spot behind the cell. Markings as in 32 — 42 mm. Honshu.

11. Genus: I>eroca Wkr.

D. phasma Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 203, pi. 48 c). A larger form is named decisa Wan. In the the dark decisa.
marking is blacker, the discal spot is large. The white dividing line is absent in the black margin, only 2
white dots of it are left near the apex. The black apical spot has 3 obtuse dentations of which the lowest
between veins 3 and 4 does not extend to the margin. On hindwings there are only traces at the inner margin
of the 3 rows of spots. The $ is very hyaline as in phasma. The submarginal band is very narrow forming
an obtuse angle above veins 6 and 4, otherwise it expands and is rounder between the veins. Beyond same

there are grey triangular spots on the veins in front of the dark marginal band which consists of oval spots
Japan, 1

D coreana Hmps. Probably similar to phasma. Forewings white, somewhat transparent. Casta blackish coreana
at, base, beyond same a few black streaks on costa. Anterior to disco-cellular an oblique black streak and
another above same at costa. Outer line curved, diffuse, pale brown with fine black Mriations on veins.
Beyond same a row of small brown spots, also having black striations on veins. Brown spots in the inter¬
stices between the veins at margin. Hindwings white, transparent with curved diffuse brown outer and
submarginal bands. Marginal spots as on forewings. $ 25 mm. Corea.

13. Genus: Cilix Leach

,, , ( ' faucata ScoV • (Vol. 2, p. 204, pi. 48 d). If one restricts the name asiatica B.-H. to specimens of

the form that is already illustrated on pi. 48 d with central band of forewings reduced to a small spot at
mnei margin and with minute marginal spots still present, then the name aeruginata Trti. can be retained aeruginaia.
lor specimens on which these marginal spots are absent. In specimens from the typical locality Ficuzza.
Supplementary Volume 2 99

170

ORETA. By M. Gaede. Index and Reference of Palaearctic Drepanidae.

Sicily, file head and abdomen are pure white, generally they are slightly dusky. All my specimens of asiatica
from a variety of localities have a more or less silvery base to veins 2 — 5 on forewings, whilst in the only
specimen I have from Eicuzza, this is not the case. Unfortunately this point is not touched on in the
original description. The same form occurs occasionally in the south Tyrol in both generations, only in these
the white hindwings have a faintly darkened margin. The name angelina DM. has been given to such speci¬
mens. — Around Terlan among otherwise quite typical glaucata specimens occur with not only dusky, but
actually blackened hindwings, these have not yet been named. — In East Asia on the other hand the cen¬
tral band of forewings is well developed and transformed to eyespots with light and dark circumscription.
iatsien- There are 2 names for these: the form tatsienluica Oberth. has apex fairly widely dark, the outer margin and
luicu. tlie ent|re hindwing are white, only the terminus of cell of the latter is delicately black. — filipjevi Kard.
filipjevi. (10 g as filipjeri) from Vladivostock has apex only faintly brownish, but 2 rows of brown spots at margin,
of which the inner one forms a line in typical specimens. Hindwings are as dark as also sometimes occurs
in typical specimens.

14. Genus: Oreta Wlcr.

thermidora. C. thermidora Hmps. Body and wings bright fuscous with numerous fine dark striations. A blackish

submarginal line from below the apex to inner margin near anal angle, indistinct, incurved in centre, diffuse.
Hindwings of similar colour with approximately 5 rows of indistinct small black spots, except in basal area.
Underside with rosy suffusion. $ 28 mm. Japan.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Drepanidae in the 2nd Supplementary

Volume.

* signifies that the form is also figured in the place cited.

a enigma t a Cilix Trti. Natur. Sicil. 20, p. 22. *
agna Alb. Oberth. Et. L£pid. Comp. 12, p. 373. *
angelina Cilix DM. Entom. Zeitschr. 39, p. 119. *

bouvieri Can. Oberth. Et. L£pid. Comp. 12, p. 372. *

coreana Der. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 107. *
cretacea Drep. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 107.

decisa Der. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 401.

erosula Drep. Lasp., Schi'ift. Nat.Freunde (Berlin) 4, p. 27.

filipjevi Cilix, Kard. Entom. Mitt. Dahlem 17, p. 417. *
flavomarginata Drep. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 11, p. 64.

infernalis Drep. Hoffm., Entom. Rundsch. 29, p. 158.
interpres Drep. P. Schulze, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 57, p. 117. 1

intermedia Eueh. Prt. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 2, p. 416.

nigralbata Euch. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 401.

ocellata Alb. Oberth. Et. L4pid. Comp. 12, p. 375. *
ocliracea Drep. Lambill. Revue Mens. Nam. 6, p. 18.
ogasawarae Alb. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. llokk. 19, p. 47. *
opalescens Alb. Oberth. Et. L6pid. Comp. 12, p. 374. *

pallida Drep. Steph. Iris 38, p. 206.

pulvis Alb. Oberth. Et. Lepid. Comp. 12, p. 375. *

robusta Alb. Oberth. Et. L6pid. Comp. 12, p. 372. *

tacoraria Drep. P. Schulze, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 57, p. 118. *
tatsienluica Cilix Oberth. Et. Lepicl. Comp. 12, p. 371. *
thermidora Or. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 104.
thermopasta Drep. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14, p. 106.

NOSSA; SCHIST OMITR A ; EPIPLEMA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

171

16. Family: Uraniidae.

The inconsistencies of the Genera united in this family have already been mentioned in various places
and make certain amendments necessary. In Vol. 2 several forms were incorrectly classified. As a matter of
fact however little fresh knowledge has come to hand to establish clarity in the position of the Uraniidae
to one another. The connection between many Genera and the purely exotic, geographically widely separated,
but nevertheless decidedly nearly related group Urania (neotropical) with the exclusively ethiopian Genus
Ghrysiridia continues to be doubtful. In certain groups (for instance Strophidia) however it is observed that the
differences from other Genera, as for instance Alcidis , varying considerably in outward appearance and col¬
ouration, are not so structurally fundamental. Similar differences occur in other groups, which are never¬
theless united in a family, as for instance in the Lymantriidae, Porthesia and Ghelepteryx.

Generally speaking it may be presumed that in the future the Epipleminae (which can partly furl or
roll their wings) will be separated sensu angustiori from the Uraniinae. This we have already done in Vol. 10,
where the Alcidis and Nyctalemon are classified near the Arctiidae (p. 93 — 104), whilst the Geometndae- like
Epipleminae are dealt with on p. 577 — 604, where they are close to the Notodontidae. With these, as well as
with the Drepanidae, they have a certain relationship. This would appear to be a more natural classification.

1. Genus: Xossst Ky.

We now enumerate a species of this Genus from North Corea which was omitted from Vol. 2:

N. alpherakyi Herz (15 c). It is decidedly close to N. nelcinna (Vol. 2, p. 277, pi. 48 e) having exactly alpheraky
the same size and shape, but the black markings are so much increased that the light ground colour is only
represented by minute pale patches imbedded in the black. The general appearance is like some of the
Chinese butterflies of the Delias subnubila group. Corea.

2. Genus: Scliistomitra Btlr.

A specimen was denominated Nossa niphonica Gaede, which in accordance with Leech we classified niphonica.
under the Gallidulidae in Vol. 2, p. 208 and illustrated there on pi. 48 g. All details were given there. It
was described as a Ghatamla, to which it is certainly very close, but this Genus was at that time held to
belong to the Ghalcosiidae to which it is related by mimical resemblance. In Vol. 10 (p. 578) the Gliatamla
are classified in their correct place. The species is S. funeralis Btlr. Its correct place in classification im- funeralis.
mediately after Nossa we have indicated in Vol. 2 by illustrating same on pi. 48 g. Compare also this Volume
p. 167.

3. Genus: Epiplema H.-Schdff.

There are two corrections to be made in this Genus in Volume 2, the author of nubifasciaria (p. 278)
was Leech and not Butlek and the name on p. 279, line 24 from bottom should be morataria and not morataria.
monatoria.

Of E. exornata Ev. (Vol. 2, p. 278, pi. 48 i) a northern form was described in 1924, viz: sibirica Kosh. sibirica.
(15 a) which differs from typical form by having a wide and irregular central band. This median band is
however not constant either in the palaearctic exornata and dark spots also occur at apex of forewings, from
which a brown band proceeds obliquely inwards to the main band. This form emanates from the Sajan

172

DECETIA; PARADECETIA. Von Dr. A. Seitz.

argentiline-

aria.

violacearia.

lilacinaria.

vicina.

myra.

territory on the Kasyr river. Of bicaudata Mr. which occurs on the palaearctic boundary in Kashmir and
is also distributed over southern China, extending northwards to Ningpo and the Yangtse'kiang, two further
forms are illustrated — rufimargo Warr. and fuscifrons Warr. in Volume 10, pi. 59 d. These very probably

belong to the group of exornata forms, although they have not yet definitely been found on palaearctic
territory.

Genus: Decetia Wkr.

Of this mainly Indian Genus one today knows about 2 dozen species, which remind one strongly of
certain american Geometridae species. Besides other species the Genotype numicusaria Wkr. from N. India
is illustrated in \ ol. 10, pi. 58. — Of palaearctic species are classified here:

D. argentilinearia Leech. In Vol. 2, p. 196, this was classified under Mimozethes as a Drepanidae. The
illustration there on pi. 48 a is very good. In Vol. 10, p. 580 it is described from the Indian territory (For¬
mosa, where it is not rare). Besides this, 2 other species that are best known from Indian territory, occur
in the south east of the palaearctic region, viz:

D. violacearia Leech. This is almost as large as numicusaria (Vol. 10, pi. 58 e) and of very similar
grey colour with violet shade, wings brown anteriorly and towards the margin, all wings with dark central
spot and with a brown line that extends from apex of forewings to centre of inner margin and continues
over the hindwings to the inner margin, so that a superficial resemblance is created with the (much larger)
Dalima acutaria (Vol. 4, pi. 16 h). West China. — Further

D. lilacinaria Leech. Ground colour dark brown with violet hue, wings with golden brown colour¬
ation in outer area; forewings with central spot and 2 parallel transverse lines, of which the outer one is
angulated below the costa and extends to inner margin of hindwing. Somewhat larger than previous species.
Similarly from West China. In regard to this and previous species, compare also Vol. 10, p. 280.

Genus: Paradecetfa Swh.

In regard to this Genus and the species classified here of which one occurs in North India and 2 in
N. W. China, please refer to what is said in Vol. 10, p. 581.

P. vicina Swh. Size as previous species. Grey with violet hue. The transverse line which extends from
the projecting apex of forewings to middle of inner margin of hindwings is crimson-red. Compare also Vol 10
p. 581. ' ’

P. myra Swh. is also of the same size as lilacinaria (36 mm). Buff with darker dustings. Oblique
line brown. In this and previous species there is a white cell spot on each wing. West China.

Alphabetical List

with lefeiences to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Uraniidae in the 2nd Supplementary

Volume.

* signifies that the form is also figured in the place cited.

alpherakyi Nossa Herz, Annuaire Mus. Petersb. 9, p. 376. *
argentilinearia Dec. Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 19, p. 183.

lilacinaria Dec. Leech. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 19, p. 1S4.

moratoria Bpipl. Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), 20, p. 401.
myra Parad. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1902, p. 593.

niphonica Nossa Gaede, Intern. Ent. Zeitschr. 8, p. 185.

sibirica Epipl. Kosh. Jahrb. Martjn. Minuss. 2 (1), p. 71.

vicina Parad. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1902, p. 593.
violacearia Dec. Leech Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 19, p. 133.

1

TARSOLEPIS; CERURA. By M. Gaede. 173

17. Family: Notodontidae.

1. Genus: Tarsolepls Btlr.

T. japonica Wilem. This is the form illustrated as sommeri Hbn. in Vol. 2, pi. 48 g (p. 284). The japonica.
differences between the form japonica and the species sommeri are very insignificant, japonica is smaller
(68 — 70 mm), the hindwings are dark brown, still darker than shown in the illustration on pi. 48 g. The silver-
spots are shorter than in sommeri, but this does not appear to be always the case. On the other hand the
inner edge of the lower spot is indented, which is not the case in sommeri. Japan.

4. Genus: C'eriira Schrlc.

C. furcula Cl. (Vol. 2, p. 286, pi. 44 c). In this species Lenz has drawn attention to a material difference
in the northern and southern german races. As it is not certain which of them is typical, both have been
denominated. Specimens from Pommerania are almost as white as bicuspis. Their larvae feed chiefly on birch
and also on willow; they are named var. betulae Lenz. The race from the Maine and Upper Bavaria is darker.
The larvae feed on willow and beech: var. salicis Lenz. The larva of betulae will not feed on beech. — Very
dark specimens similar to borealis Bkh. occasionally occur very far south. For instance Dannehl reports such
a specimen from Terlan (S. Tyrol). In the South Carpathians a race occurs in which only the hindwing is
black. Markings of forewing, clear and distinct, quite typical: transsylvanica Dhl. — In alpina* Bartel
(15 d) from Zermatt only the outer half of hindwings is shaded. Basal area of forewings is normally white.
Central and marginal areas are somewhat suffused with grey, so that the black dentate lines are indistinct.

— ajatar Schilde is indicated in Vol. 2, as being synonymous with bifida. From a cotype in the collection
of Pungeler, I am inclined to classify it with borealis. - pallescens Rocci has a grey band displacing the
customarily black band. Apical markings and marginal spots are paler. The orange-yellow edge to central
band is missing. Liguria. — The northerly obsoleta Haanshus appears to be similar to pallescens. — Specimens
occur in which the dark band is interrupted as in the species interrupta.

C. bifida Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 287, pi. 44 c). In spite of the wide distribution of this species, from polar
regions to North Africa, its variability is not great. A sub-form of the northern race saltensis Schdyen is
described corresponding to furcula-alpina. Only the basal area of forewings is white, the rest of the wing
is a deeper grey than in alpina. On the other hand the hindwing is white, only slightly grey at margin. The
usual black marginal dots are conjoined forming a fine grey line: poecila Stichel. — renigera Bub. is a curious
form. Only the inner edge of the median band and a small patch at inner margin is retained, the rest is
paler. But the space behind same, which is usually pale, is dark as far as the disco-cellular and more nar¬
rowly to the submedian fold. There it conjoins with an extension of the subapical spot. — interspersa Rothsch.
from Algeria is a subsidiary form to the southern urocera Bsd., in which in the $ the dark median band
is sharply contracted on the median vein. In the q it is reduced to a line there or completely interrupted.

— intervalla Kosh. is an aberration in which the blackish median band is only retained in the form of two
patches on costa and inner margin. It is not stated whether the edge lines of the median band are complete
or whether they only outline the patches.

G. interrupta Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 287, pi. 44 c). leueotera Stichel is a form, which is close to syra Gr.-
Grsh., but the ground colour is pure white and not faintly yellowish. The narrow median band and subapical
spot are interspersed with white scales. Sultanabad in Persia. - It is a matter of personal opinion whether
one considers petri Alph. (15 d) as a form of interrupta (as was done in Vol. 2) or whether one considers
same as a species (as Pungeler did). The general impression is in any case a very different one. We are
illustrating a A of petri, in which the outer median area is unusually dark, so that the white subterminal
line contrasts very strongly.

betulae.

salicis.

transsylva-

nica

alpina.

pallescens.

poecila.

renigera.

interspersa

intervalla.

leueotera.

petri.

* This and the other forms described by Bartel were classified in this way in the PunGELER collection, I have
not been able to find the original descriptions anywhere, so that possibly these have hitherto only been trade names.

174

DICRANURA; ZARANGA. By M. Gaede.

per sica. C. persica Bril. (15 cl) is described as a species, but is possibly only a form of furcula. The dark

median band is much narrower and appears to be somewhat more oblique. There are 2 dark bands on
hmdwings, as occasionally also occurs in furcula. The pale patches on the body somewhat more yellowish
N. Persia. J

media. C. nicetia Schaus. Body as bifida and furcula. Forewings grey-brown at base and in marginal

area. The usual dots at base. The inner line black, vertical, the central line incurved to under the cell,
converging with the outer line at inner margin, the intermediate space filled with black and white scales.
At lower end of disco-cellular a black streak and another similar mark under the cell through the root of
vein 2. The double outer line is normally formed, grey. Similarly the 3rd line behind same and the sub-
apical spot. Hindwings white. Black marginal dots on both wings. As the species has no median band like
the other Gerura species, its position appears rather doubtful. 46 mm. Ta-tsien-lu.

ludovicae. C. ludovicae Pglr. (14 c). We are now giving an illustration of this species which was described in

Vol. 2, p. 287. In the type the marginal dots on hindwings are absent. It can be differentiated from the
following species by the outer dentate line which extends only slightly obliquely outwardly from vein 5 to
vein 4. Scarcely any traces are discernible of other anterior lines.

Udovicior. C. ludovicior sp. n. (14 c). A development beyond ludovicae. Ground colour of body and forewings

still yellower. The median band with straighter outer edge, scarcely darker inwardly. Anterior to the outer
dentate line, 2 other dentate lines can be observed. The subapical spot slightly dusted with black. Marginal
dots of forewings minute, absent on hindwings in $, indicated in $ by brown scales. 38 44 mm. Maral-

Baslii. Type in the Pungeler collection.

svra ■ C- syra Gr.-Grsh. (14 c). A pair in the Pungeler collection is not pale reddish grey, as originally

described, but white with faint rose admixture, in the ^ the margin is pale yellowish. The thorax, dark
median band and subapical band are densely dusted with orange-yellow. The $ is illustrated under the original
palaesti- denomination. palaestisiensis Bril. (14 c) from Jerusalem is a specimen in which the band is almost obso¬
lete, the subapical spot is indistinctly outlined and of the 3 dentate lines, only the innermost one is distinct.

zunlensis. C. bicuspis Bih. (Vol. 2, p.286, pi. 44 b). The form kurilensis Mats, is similar to japonica Grunbg.

( o . -, pi. 44 c), but the outer double band (which may this be ?) is diffuse at costa; possibly the dentate

lines anterior to the subapical spot are intended. Median band is wider. Kurile Islands.

5. Genus: Dicrauura Bsd.

I>. vinula L. (Vol. 2, p. 288, pi. 44 f). A number of aberrations are to be mentioned. A form in which
striata, the rows of dots at base of forewings are elongated to longitudinal streaks: striata Schultz. — In fasciata
ascia a. Schultz the outer half of the basal area is densely dusted with black from costa to inner margin. The nor¬
mal form is only darker grey there, but not black. In Zermatt the $ especially is darker than in Germany
and Russia, about as dark grey as delavoyei (Vol. 2, p. 288 as delavoiei, pi. 44 g, h as delavaii) is dark brown -
tegelensis. grey. — fenmea Schultz and hyalina Krul. are identical with estonica Huene. — In tegelemis Strd. (= fasciata
tanaica. Gloss) there is still a submarginal band besides the dark subbasal one. — tanaica Toll resembles estonica in
the pure white ground colour, but it is not hyaline and devoid of markings, but about as completely marked
as a typical vinula. In the $ which is less boldly marked, the hindwings are grey, costa broadly white.
Irom Rostow on the Don. I have a similar $ from Pampelona before me, whilst a 3 from Albarracin is
zlckertL Sr°y as a fyPlcal <?• — zickertj| ? (tffe $ is unknown) resembles the $ of tanaica in its fainter marking, but
simptex. the ground colour is grey, not white. Naples. — simplex $ Niep. only has the dark basal band, all the rest
of the forewings is devoid of marking. Hindwings are paler than usual, the dark marginal spots are absent.

Genus: Zaranga Mr.

Refer to Vol. 10, p. 635 where this Genus was fully discussed.

Z. citrinaria sp. n. (15 c). The species is very close to pannosa Mr. dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 635, but
the dentations at outer margin of forewings is not so very irregular. Thorax black-brown, posteriorly orange-
ye ow, abdomen brown. Forewings dark brown, markings diffuse but nevertheless recognisable. At base *1111
oiange dot. The pale brown spot at inner margin resembles that of pannosa. The pale apical spot however
only extends to the outer line. The inner line is approximately vertical to inner margin; with black spots
at inner margin, below the cell and on costa; proximally with yellow scales. As an outer line one can take

an orange-yellow spot on inner margin, that has a dark inner edge; above same and below vein 2 two black

spots and then upwards towards the costa and near the apex a wide dark band with diffuse outline and
enclosing a large orange-yellow spot between veins 7 and 8. The margin itself is then widely pale, only
inter mpted by the dark streaks along the veins. At the inner margin there are orange-yellow scales. On

STAUROPUS; DESMEOCRAERA; EXAERETA; FENTONIA. By M. Gaede.

175

hindwings veins 6+7 have longer stalks than indicated by Hampson, vein 5 is very weakly. Hindwings
coloured like the pale patches of forewings, at anal angle there is a short white streak obliquely upwards.
g 72 mm. Tze-ku. Type in the British Museum.

6. Genus : Stauropus Germ.

St. fagi L. (Vol. 2, p. 289, pi. 44 g). illustris Dhl. denotes a specimen of diffuse light yellow colouration illusiris.
with distinct markings and hold black spots before the outer margin. On hindwings the basal area is yellowish
white at costa, similarly the short dentate line in middle of costa. The light curved line at the margin,
which generally is scarcely observed, is very distinct in this form.

St. mediolinea Rothsch. Thorax mouse-grey, abdomen browner. Forewings pale mouse-grey with mediolinea.
double rusty brown median band, of which the outer part extends to median nervure. Towards the base
there are traces of brown zigzag lines and spots. Marginal line formed of black and white spots. Hindwings
darker mouse-grey with triangular dark brown marginal spots. $ 58 mm. W. China. It is doubtful whether
the classification of this species under Stauropus is correct.

St. obliterata Wil. <fc South. Described as related to grisescen.s Stgr. Thorax grey-brown, abdomen obliterata.
brownish. Forewings whitish with brown scales intermixed. A black streak at disco-cellular. A submarginal
line is indicated by black dots in the interstices of the veins. Fringes white, marginal lines brown. The
latter seems to be the only variation in the description as compared with grisescens. Hindwings brown m the
inner %rds, outwardly apparently white, which is quite unusual, marginal line brown. The $ has finely
ciliated antennae, the inner transverse line on forewings is more distinct than in the <+ 40 45 mm. Japan.

The ancennae of the Cj agree, according to a black and white illustration, with those of Stauropus, so that
its classification here will be correct, in spite of the comparison with Cneth. grisescens. Unfortunately the
illustration referred to is not suitable for reproduction.

7. Genus: I>esnieocraera Wllgr. ( Quadricalcarifera Strd.)

All that is necessary about this Genus is said in Vol. 10, p. 628 and Vol. 14, p. 410. The species
dealt with here, were formerly mostly classified with Stauropus.

D. cyanea Leech was placed under the Genus Gnethodonta in Vol. 2, p. 291, whilst according to the
antennae it should be classified here. Illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 45 a.

B. coreama Mats. I have only a black and white illustration of this at my disposal. There is a coreana.
in the Pukgeler collection from Yokohama which is not denominated and which would seem to be identical
with this species that is now described from Corea. Thorax dark green, anteriorly more densely with grey
hairs. Eorewings brownish green interspersed with white scales. The double inner line turns sharply out¬
ward at inner margin and is filled with lighter scales. The anterior basal area is darker, especially iindei
the cell. The orbicular and reniform stigmata form equally large white rings. The small round claviform
stigma is almost completely white. Behind the rather indistinct double outer line there are some dark green
streaks along the veins. The marginal area is browner, the black submarginal line clear and distinct. Hind¬
wings brown, grey-white at costa with dark streak in centre and a fairly large subapical spot. 42 50 mm.

D. subgeneris Strd. is described among the indo-australian species in Vol. 10, p. 628, pi. 83 c. It occuis subgeneris.
in Formosa and Japan. According to the illustration wilemani Mats, appears to be identical.

D. perdix Mr. Also this species, that occurs in India, is described in Vol. 10, p. 630, pi. 83 h. Accord¬
ing to Matsxtmtjra it also occurs in Japan. — Besides there is the form nigroguttata Mats, of which I do nigrogut-
not know the description. One may assume that it has black markings instead of brown. The closely related
viridimaculosa Mats, is identical with fasciatus Mr.

8. Genus : Exaereia Hbn.

E. ulmi Schiff. (Vol. 2, p. 291, pi. 46 d). modica Dhl. is found among the species in the S. Tyrol modica.
and southwards. Uniformly dull grey, the transverse lines, which are in any case only indicated by dots are
entirely absent. Also the veins do not stand out from the ground coloui.

9. Genus: Fentouia Btlr.

Most of the species dealt with here, probably do not belong in this Genus. Without having had an
opportunity of examining the types it is impossible to say whether they belong to Pseudo fentonia Strcl. or to
which other Genus they should belong. We are therefore meanwhile leaving them here.

176

PSEUDOFENTONIA; HOPLITIS; ME GAGER AMIS . By M. Gaede.

F. sordida Wilem. This species is dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 292 and Vol. 10. p. 624 under Pseudo-
fentonia, where it shoud be placed. The name sordida is cpiite correct in itself, but the rules of zoological
nomenclature demand an alteration. For specimens from Formosa (Vol. 10, p. 624) the oldest name variegata
Wilem. should prevail; it is a question of opinion, whether one separates formosana Wilem. from same and
even whether a separate name is justified. For Japanese specimens, in place of sordida (Vol. 2, p. 292) the new
japonensis. name of var. japonensis Tams is introduced.

fasciata. F. fasciata Filipj. Forewings grey, basal half darker, marginal line (outer line) indistinct. Fringes

grey and blackish. A spot at disco -cellular. Only traces of the scaly spot on inner margin, however the
type is not a perfect specimen. Hindwings white with black scales at costa, a black spot at anal angle.
The illustration of Drym. mandschurica in Vol. 2, pi. 49 b gives a fair impression of what this species looks
like. $ 42 mm. Sutschan.

abraama. F. abraama Schaus. Forewing pale buff-grey at base with a fine pale brown line. Subbasal and

inner line fine, undulate, parallel, olive-grey, excurved at inner margin, the intermediate space being paler olive-
grey. Median area whitish with pale brown interspersions. These are especially dense below vein 2 and
towards the anal angle. A small white spot at disco-cellular. A brown shade posterior to cell and from
vein 4 to costa. Outer line double, fawn, only distinct at costa. An irregular smoky brown shade with outer
grey edge from costa before the apex to vein 4, partially edged with black lines, extending narrowly to vein 1.
Hindwings dark grey-brown. d 50 mm. Szechuan.

cantiana. F. cantiana Schaus. Forewings brown with blue-white scales, except in outer area. Lines delicate,

black-brown and indistinct. Traces of an inner line and a streak at disco -cellular. Two outer lines, widely
separated at costa, converging under vein 4, thence parallel and undulate. The lunules of the outer line edged
outwardly with white between veins 3 and 1. Hindwings a rich brown. Fringes of both wings white.
S 55 mm. Szechuan.

eingana. F. eingana Schaus. Forewings brown-grey at base with black basal line, which is curved outwards

to over vein 1. Posterior to same a single fine dull brown parallel line and 2 inner lines, which are approxim¬
ately vertical. The median area in the cell and below same to the inner margin and below vein 2 to the
outer margin, pale smoky grey with dark striations. At disco-cellular there is a fawn line wdtli paler edges,
posterior to same an iron-grey spot between veins 4 and 6 which has an outer black edge. Conjoining to
same the outer line, double, black, dentate, excurved from veins 4 — 2. Margin olive-grey with a separating
line that, is grey-brown and uniformly curved. Hindwings smoky grey with dark median shade and dark
veins. Antennae well pectinated. Veins 6 + 7 of hindwings with long stalk. The species may therefore in
consequence actually belong to the Urodonta Stgr. d 29 mm. Omeishan in Szechuan.

Genus: P.seiiclofeiitonia Strd.

This Genus has been fully dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 624.

sigmata. P. sigmata Btlr. This species was enumerated in Vol. 2, p. 313 under the Genus Phalera, but it should

be transferred to this Genus. Eventually use can be made of the name Meso phalera Mats, on account of
certain minor differences.

deliana. P. deliana sp. n. (15 c). The formation of the antennae and neuration agree quite well with Pseudo-

jentonia (compare Vol. 10, p. 624, Group II). In the other species however the pronounced tuft at end of
thorax is missing. The general impression is like that of Drym. delia (Vol. 2, p. 297. pi. 45 d). Thorax and
forewings grey-brown. The tip of tuft on thorax blackish. A dark brown inner band is indicated, but only
in its anterior part. At disco-cellular there is a short black streak. The outer line commences at - yds of
costa and proceeds inward to vein 4. There it is more distinct and extends along vein 4 outwards and then
continues rather more faintly. At vein 3 it again projects in a point as at vein 4. Thence obliquely inwards
to under vein 2, forming a black point there and below same it diffuses outwardly. Posterior to the line
from costa to vein 4 and at the point at vein 2 there is a dusky brown adumbration. Submarginal line
interrupted. Posterior to same black marginal dots. Abdomen and hindwings pale reddish brown. d 36 mm.
Corea. Type in the Pungeler collection.

10. Genus: Hoplitis Him.

H. milhauseri F . (Vol. 2, p. 292, pi. 45 a), aSbida Pfeiffer from Anatolia differs materially from european
specimens. The ground colour of thorax and forewings is a much paler dove-grey. The dark markings on the
other hand are deep black, not brown. Hindwings pure white, anal spot jet-black. — umbrosa Stgr. which
was dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 292 as a form of milhauseri, is probably a separate species. This is especially
noticeable in some very finely marked specimens, which I have before me from Sei-shin, Corea.

Genus : Me gaceramis Hmps.

Antennae of d pectinated and fasciculate. Palpi short, almost hidden in the hairs of the thorax.
Thorax with porrect double tuft or crest. Forewings boldly excurved on inner margin at base, similar to the

Publ. 22. II 1. 1933. LOPHOCOSMA; GLUPHLSIA; P AR AGLUPH 1 81 A ; DRYMONIA. By M. Gaede.

177

indian Genus Cleapa WJcr., but the costa is less arched, the outer margin slightly incurved. Vein 2 arises
fairly far outwards, 3 and 4 almost from the same spot, vein 6 somewhat below the angle of cell, 7 from
the angle, 10 + 8 + 9 stalked, 11 free or vein 7 and 10 conjoined by a bar, thus forming an accessory cell.

On hindwings vein 3 and 4 with or without a stalk, 7 in a specimen before me, is indicated by only a
short spur in centre of vein 6, 8 to %rds of the length of the cell in juxtaposition to same.

M. lamprolepis Hmps. (15 e). Thorax dark brown. Forewings slightly paler. Reniform stigma bold, lamprole-
black with pale central streak. Behind same a dark patch between veins 2 and 4 to the outer line, extending V-

thence to margin in a slightly paler shade. No inner line. The outer one is formed of black dots, bulging
widely outwards behind the cell and then obliquely to centre of inner margin. Here a few black scales are
all that indicate the “tooth” or lobe. In the anterior half, the dots are situate in a narrow yellow-grey
stripe. Hindwings pale brown. 32 mm. Sikkim, Siao-lu.

14. Genus: Lophocosma Stgr.

L. curvatum sp. n. (15 c). Very close to L. geniculatum Mats. (Vol. 10, p. 651) from Formosa. Thorax curvatum.
and forewings grey-brown. Basal area before the inner line grey -white. Both inner and outer lines double. The
inner one commences with a black spot on costa, proceeds sharply outwards to centre of cell, thence to over
submedian nervure approximately parallel to outer line and from there obliquely inwards. The outer line
curves slightly outwards below the costa, then undulate, slightly incurved to the inner margin. From centre
of costa there is a wide black stripe obliquely outwards, extending downwards to where vein 4 arises. It
proceeds along the vein, then curving slightly upwards, its upper edge keeping below vein 5. An angular
mark, such as occurs in geniculatum is certainly absent. Abdomen and hindwings reddish brown. The
thorax in the specimen before me is damaged, so that I cannot say anything definite in regard to the pre¬
sence or absence of the crest of hairs as in typical Lophocosma. The outer margin of forewings is very oblique
both in curvatum and in geniculatum. 54 mm. Moupin. Type in the British Museum.

16. Genus: Olupliisia Bsd.

G. crenata Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 295, pi. 46 d). — tartarus Schaw., as the name indicates, has very dark tartarus.
forewings, markings still just discernible. Also hindwings are darker than type. — tristis form. nov. Fore- tristis.
wings brownish black mottled with lighter scales. On costa 2 black spots indicating the bands, which are
as widely separated as in crenata, otherwise one would be inclined to place this form with amurensis (see
below). Hindwings paler brown. No bands indicated on underside. East Thibet. Type in the British
Museum.

G. japonica Wilern. is described as a species and dealt with as such in Vol. 2, p. 295. In crenata the
subbasal band is straight, in japonica it is almost straight and the postdiscal line is also somewhat more
undulate in japonica. According to this amurensis Grunbg. would better be classified with japonica and not
with crenata, as was done in Vol. 2. — amurensis infuscata Mats, from Shinano is certainly the same. In the
description stress is laid on the fact that the subbasal line is the most prominent and the same can also be
ascertained in amurensis .

16a. Genus: l*aragliipliisia Djakon.

Proboscis absent. Eyes only faintly ciliated. They are more definitely ciliate in Gluphisia and ac¬
cording to Djakonow previous opinions to the contrary are erroneous. Palpi do not vary. Antennae with
long pectinations in + shortly pectinated to extremity in + Hind tibia with terminal spurs. Genitalia show
a completely different type.

P. oxiana Djakon. Similar to a' brightly marked and narrow-winged Gl. crenata. Forewings grey-white oxiana.
bestrewn with grey-black. Basal and discal areas suffused with pale rosy brown. Basal line as in crenata. 1 be
prediscal line black, distinct, almost straight, faintly dentate in the $, angulated outwards on the submedian
fold, with white inner edge. The postdiscal line somewhat undulate and less distinct. Discal area ashy grey,
in place of the reniform stigma a pale rosy brown spot. Marginal area dark grey in which is situate a blackish
subterminal line having a w+itish grey inner edge. Hindwings white with dark margin and darker anal spot.

27 — 29 mm. Amu-Darja.

17. Genus: I>rymonia Hbn.

D. querna F. (Vol. 2, p. 296, pi. 45 e). alphitochros Zerny is paler than type. The inner line of fore- alphiio-
wings with delicate white edge, the outer half of discal area a purer white than usual. On hindwings also the
costa and fringes are white in the <+ Algeciras.

Supplementary Volume 2

178

PHEOSIA; MICROPHALERA; NOTODONTA. By M Gaede.

vivida. D. chaonia Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 297, pi. 45 e). — - vivida Zerny is a more extreme form of lunula Grunbg.

Iii typical vivido. i also the inner part of the median area is white, but the dark central line penetrates right
through. Further the margin is white from the pale subterminal line to the checked fringes. Hindwings white
argentea. with indications of a dark band at anal angle and at apex. — argentea Class is “pale grey-white and faintly
illunulata. marked . - - illunulata Did. is described as “pale specimens that would otherwise be classified with albisignata ,
albisigna- but with absent cell spot”. — This albisignata Lenz is widely white on forewings before the outer dentate
line. This occurs predominantly in the $ sex. Probably differs little from lunula Grunbg. (Vol. 2, p. 297,
pi. 45 e), in such specimens as wrere mentioned by Grttnberg, where the dark intermediate marking is ab¬
sent. — A pair in the Pungeler collection is white at base of forewings before the basal line and similarly
between the white margins of the inner and outer lines. Both these usually dark lines are absent and also
the central line, which is still present in vivida. On the other hand the marginal area remains dusky. We
are illustrating the $ of the vivida aberration (14 f ).

powelli. D. powelli Oberth. (15 e). I am including this species here, which was described as Hypocampa (Ho-

plitis), despite the fact that the antennae are not pectinated right to the tip. Its place is certainly not under
Hoplitis, whilst it has certain resemblances to chaonia. Ground colour similar to same. The subbasal line is
less oblique and the space before same yellowish grey. A clearly marked black central line, slightly incurved.
From same to somewhat beyond the dentate postdiscal line again yellow-grey. There is no trace of a paler
subterminal line. Hindwings are grey-brown and the subdivided dark mark at anal angle reminds one some¬
what of that of milhauseri. $ 42 mm. Lambese.

ntermedia. D. trimacula Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 296, pi. 45 f). — intermedia Schaiv. denotes a form with wide wdiite

central band, i. e. like the type form from Mostar, but having the margin and base pale grey. In typical
specimens of trimacula these patches are a yellowish grey, in dodonea they are blackish.

D. basalis Wilem. & South (15 e). Similar to trimacula and with the brownish ground colour of same.
The pale prediscal line consists of 3 curvatures, obliquely outwards and in a straight line. In trimacula it is
somewhat excurved in the centre. The dark patch of the discal area is more indefinitely outlined against
the paler patch. The width of the two patches presumably varies somewhat. The pale postdiscal line is
narrower, clearer and more dentate. At vein 4 it is scarcely angulatecl but proceeds straightly to the sub-
median fold and is more definitely angulated below same. The veins are finely marked with black in conjunction
with the outer line. The subapical spot is narrower and more clearly marked. The marginal area is somewhat
paler than the ground colour. Fringes are just as dark as those of dodonea or darker. On the grey-brown
hindwings the hairs at inner margin are slightly reddish brown. $ 38 mm. Gifu (Japan), Sedanka (Ussuri).

D. mandschurica Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 297, pi. 49 b). This was classified in Vol. 2, p. 297 as the last species
of the Genus Drymonia, but according to a specimen in the Pungeler collection, it certainly does not be¬
long here. Antennae of the G plumose, palpi short. In forewings vein 3 and 4 separate, 5 situate far in front,
6 from centre of accessory cell, 7 with short stalk and with 8 + 9 from tip of accessory cell, 10 arising
shortly before same. In hindwings vein 3 to 5 as on forewings, 6 + 7 with short stalk. As the old illu¬
stration wras inexact and also that of Oberthur might be better, we are giving a fresh illustration (14 d).

18. Genus: I*lieosia Hbn.

Ph. tremula Cl. (\ ol. 2, p. 298, pi. 45 f ). Specimens from Thian-shan have the ground colour of forewings
a purer white and this is also more extensive. On costa the central one-thircl is quite a pale grey and this colour
scarcely extends to vein 5. Also hindwings are pure white. Specimens from Uralsk form a transition to this form.

Ph. buddhista Pnglr. (Vol. 2, p. 298, pi. 49 c). The dark band on forewings is rather too dark in the
illustration and the edges are a bit too clear-cut. — In a specimen from Ta-tsien-lu there are dark rays
inwardly above vein 3—5, which conjoin with the lowest apical streak. On hindwings the dark anal patch is
gclukpa. more prominent. The general impression reminds one somewhat of tremula. It is named gelukpa form. nov.
Type in the British Museum.

20. Genus: Microplialera Btlr.

styxana. M. styxana Schs. Bodies and wings blackish brown and silky. At disco-cellular a finely marked jet-

black line. Inner and outer lines dark grey. The latter excurved at costa, undulate. Before same on vein 1
a short white streak and behind same on veins 2 — 4 fine grey striations. Traces of a pale submarginal line
near the costa. Hindwings brownish white with dark band before the pale margin. 38—44 mm. Omei-shan.

21. Genus: Notodonta 0.

tristis. Ah ziczac L. (\ ol. 2, p. 300, pi. 45 g). tristis Masl. (- lapponica DM.) denominates small specimens.

Centre of costa of forewings is not pale grey, but dark violet-grey. Outer area devoid of markings, dark grey-
montion. brown. Lapland, Poland. — mention DM. The form from the Tyrol mountains is uniformly reddish yellow
in basal and discal areas. The discal lunule is distinct, band markings diffuse.

NOTODONTA. By M. Gaede.

179

N. anceps Goeze (Vol. 2, p. 300, pi 46 b). In acerba Schaw. forewings and costa of hindwings arc grey, acerba.
paler than type with distinct black lines. Reniform stigma with white edge instead of yellow. Elsewhere
also the yellow tone is absent. Costa whitish to centre. Hindwings purer white. Bosnia. transversa tramvcrsa.

Wagner is a transition form to same with distinct dark inner line. Also the outer line, which is white in
acerba, appears more prominent with its dark inner edge. — The form from Barcelona is more distinctly
marked than type, ground colour of forewings is dark grey; hindwings somewhat whiter than type. It is
probably like baetica Zerny from Albarracin. The latter is larger than type. Colouration of forewings with a baelica.
light buff -grey hue and prominent markings; the oblique stripes are more extended, a bright russet (this
does not apply in the specimen from Barcelona). On hindwings the veins are shaded at margin, in specimens
from Barcelona only the marginal line is clear. — The brown-black aberration, that is frequent everywhere
has not yet been denominated.

N. phoebe Sieb. (Vol. 2, p. 301, pi. 45 h). grisea Heinrich is fairly unicolourous pale grey. Bred from grisea.

larvae. _ lemur F rings is a melanic form, corresponding to tritophus -melaena Spuler. Forewings dusky black lemur.

except for a deep brown shade at base and in discal area, the discal lunule and a pale grey stripe in
centre of costa. The prediscal and subterminal lines are just discernible. Hindwings impure grey. — terio- teriolensis.
lensis DU. from the South Tyrol denotes a pale yellowish specimen, which more or less constitutes a transition
form to tiefi Brtl. The latter is illustrated as a species in Vol. 2, p. 301, pi. 45 h. Pungelee also held tiefi
to be a phoebe form and Dannehl has announced that all grades of transition from phoebe-tritophus to
teriolensis exist, so that this would support this contention. The form can be called tiefi as a race and
teriolensis as an aberration, but both names signify almost the same. — Should however teriolensis not be
identical with tiefi, but only a transition form to same, then instead of teriolensis, we should have to adopt
the name ochracea Vorbr., as same has rights of priority. The latter is described: ground colour paler. In ochracea.
some specimeus buff with rather darker pale ashy grey dusting. From the Valais and Tessin.

N. cinerea Btlr. (15 c) is briefly mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 302. We are now giving an illustration of cinerea.
same. I hold same to be a slight variation of the Indian species irrorata Mr. (Vol. 10, p. 641). As is often the
case in indistinctly marked species, specimens occur in which one or another of the markings is a trifle
more, or less, distinct. Therefore in a short series cinerea and irrorata may accidentally appear to differ
more’ than is’ actually the case. — ussuriensis Moltr. differs distinctly by its white, instead of ashy grey ussuriensis.
ground colour, a wide submarginal band can also occasionally occur in cinerea and can be black light up
to the costa and not merely between veins 5 — 6. The scaly tooth or lobe on inner margin is probably also
present, as indicated by Molteecht. Ussuri territory. Marumo illustrates the species as Ochrost. punctatella
Motsch., Wileman places punctatella to his Stauropus obliterata; originally punctatella was described as a
Lymantriidae.

N. pacifica Moltr. Forewings dark grey, pale grey at costa, the russet basal area does not extend as tai as pacifica.
the costa and inner margin ; sometimes however it projects narrowly as far as the postdiscal line. The inner
line is double, black, dentate and distinct. The outer line is pale, simple, faint or absent. Hindwings whitish
from inner margin to vein 6, then grey towards the costa. The species is illustrated as moltrechti Oberth.
in Vol. 2, pi. 49 b. pacifica is probably only a sub-form to lativitta Wilem., from which it differs by the
darker thorax and less pronounced rusty yellow stripes.

N. moltrechti Oberth. (15 f). We are now giving a correct illustration of this species, kotshubei Schelj. is moltrechti.
synonymous with same. Also Mesodonta rotundata Mats, which is only known to me by an illustration, will
probably be the same.

N. grahami Schaus. Similar to moltrechti (15 f). Forewings black-brown in basal area except on costa, graharm.
This area is outlined by a black line that is excurved below costa and slightly incurved at submedian
nervure. Below the cell a small brown spot intersected by a black line. Costa whitish to disco-cellular below
same to under the cell whitish dusted with black-brown. Disco-cellular black with white edge. A blac v-
brown outer shadowy band behind the cell excurved to centre of inner margin. Beyond same an undulate
black line, vertical below vein 2, posterior to same brown. Black dots in front of the margin. Hindwings
white, brown at inner margin, outer margin and outer line dark. 57 65 mm. Omei-shan (China).

N. arnoldi Oberth. (15 d). In Vol. 2, p. 300 it was stated “nearly related to N. graesen ”. It is cer- amoldu
tainly the same species. We are giving a life-like illustration of a specimen captured at Nikko m Japan
on 10th August. — Bang-Haas considers the illustration of graeseri <J on pi. 46 a as being poor as the
forewings should be browner. However the specimens in the Pungelee collection are as grey as the illus¬
tration, °we admit however that a rather pale specimen was chosen for illustration. Obebthub’s illustration
(arnoldi <$) is much too dark.

N. korbi PM. Similar to anceps, but somewhat larger, wings wider, colouration purer grey, antennae korbi.
of $ with longer pectinations. Forewings with similar arrangement of markings as anceps, but les. c l.tmck
Basal area darker. The scaly tooth or lobe on inner margin of forewing is shorter with a brown edge, the
dark marginal line of wings is narrower with white dots at extremities of veins, fringes gu}. nu vmc
also like anceps except for the grey fringes. 54 mm. Aleppo.

180

HIRADONTA; HYPERAESCHRA. By M. Gaede.

rothschildi. N. rothschildi IV Hem. & South. Similar to dembowsJcii Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 300, pi. 45 g). Forewings dark

chocolate-brown with slight violet suffusion at base of costa. The inner and outer lines similarly as in
dembowsJcii. The submarginal line formed of white incrassated scales at extremities of veins, no rusty brown
sub marginal spots. Scaly tooth or lobe black, fringes blackish. Hindwings similar to dembowsJcii, fringes
whitish, black at tips of veins, g 48 mm. Hokkaido.

A. tti, tophus Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 301, pi. 46a). It should be added to the description of uniformis <$
Oberth., that according to a pair in the Pungeler collection, the dark submarginal line with its pale edge in
the S can also be missing. In the $ the prediscal and postdiscal bands are very distinct and black with clear-
cut white edges on averted sides; the postdiscal line extends from vein 6 to inner margin in an almost
straight line without curvature and in regular dentations. On underside of hindwings the outer pale band

sugitanii. with its dark edge is far further removed from central lunule than is the case in tritophus. _ sugitanii $

Mats, is possibly identical with uniformis Oberth., it varies however in size, 52 mm (instead of 45 mm in
uniformis). Further on underside of hindwing the outer darker line touches the lunular mark, as in tritophus.

N. dromedarius L. (Vol. 2, p. 299, pi. 46 a). The dark form analogous to tritophus-uniformis is named
h ibemica. hibernica Garadja. Only the rusty brown marginal spots are retained. It can occur anywhere and not only
in Ireland, as the name might indicate. — The $ of this species has produced 2 hybrids, with tritophus
dubict. and ziczac dubia Tuit. = tritophus $ x dromedarius $, (14 d) denominated by Tutt without any descrip¬
tion. Before me is a pair of dubia ex the Pungeler collection. The rusty brown ground colour is much
suppressed and it corresponds more to a pale grey tritophus, whilst the markings are clearer than in trito-
phus. The submarginal brown spots, which are so pronounced in dromedarius are very small in dubia $
and almost absent in the $. The postdiscal line in dubia $ and $ begins and ends as pale as in dromedarius.
newmani. newmani Tutt is the product of a cross of ziczac x dromedarius $. The form is relatively large. The
striking apical mark of ziczac is present, but in slightly changed form, the transverse line of dromedarius

is retained in same as a streak on costa. Hindwings of newmani are as dark as in dromedarius. _ A 3rd

heinickei. hybrid lieioickef Hemmerling has resulted from a crossing of ziczac x tritophus 9. It is also similar to
ziczac with its red-brown colouration, the lunular mark and its submarginal extension. Besides this the trans¬
verse lines of tritophus are present. The basal and prediscal lines are dark and stand out clearly, costa is
darker throughout its length. Besides there is a dark median band, which is not always distinct in tritophus

and the outer dentate band, which is generally only faintly indicated in ziczac. Hindwings are pale with
dark margin.

21a. Genus: Hlradonta Mats.

Antennae of A with long pectinations, the last one-third filiform. Palpi extending above frons. Thorax
without crest of hair. On forewings vein 6 arises at upper angle of cell and 3 is closer to 2 than to 4. On
hindwings veins 6 — [— 7 with short stalk. Abdomen extending one-third over hindwings.

iakaonis. H. takaonis Mats. Similar to H. tenebrosa Moore (Vol. 10, p. 642, pi. 80 g). Body reddish brown, fore¬

wings dark brown, inner margin and apex as in tenebrosa. Inner and outer lines black', undulate, the latter
very heavily dentate. The space between the two lines black at inner margin. Paler at outer margin be¬
tween veins 4 and 5. Hindwings dark grey-brown with paler median band, $ 46 mm. Tokio.

21b. Genus: Hyperaeschra Btlr.

Full details in regard to this Genus are given in Vol. 10, p. 642.

H. tusa Swh. Dark grey. On forewings the basal area is much darker than the outer half. The
intermediate line is densely black, from two-thirds of costa to vein 4, then incurved to submedian nervure
and obliquely inwards to the tooth or lobe on inner margin, where it becomes very thick. In front of
same on inner margin there is a black spot, in centre of wing an indistinct grey median band. Hindwings
grey and devoid of markings. <J 48 mm. Japan. — The species is compared by the author to Hyper, basalis
Mr. which is classified in the Genus Semidonta in Vol. 10, p. 643. Therefore possibly tusa is an older name
for Sem. marumoms (= biloba Marl.) also from Japan and described in Vol. 10, p. 643.

H. chi O. B.-Haas (14 e). Antennae of with very short pectinations, neuration more like that of
the Genus Hyperaeschra than of Allcdonta Stgr., which might otherwise be a possibilitv. Thorax and fore¬
wings dark reddish brown, paler in the last third at the costa. The two transverse lines distinct dentate
with pale edges on averted sides. At disco-cellular a heavy black streak and a wide bar between the two
transveise lines below median nervure. Hindwings much paler brown. £ 42 mm. Pekino.

181

COREODONTA; SPAT ALIA; SEMIDONTA; LEUCODONTA; OCHROSTIGMA; SHIRONA. By M. Gaede.

H. nigricosta Mats. Wings grey. Forewings with a wide band in centre consisting of black-brown nigricosta.
spots. Hind wings somewhat paler than forewings with indistinct paler band. Underside pale grey. Forewings
narrowly black-brown along costa, except at apical end. No other markings. 38 mm. Corea.

21c. Genus: Coreoclonta Mats.

Probably only a sub-group to Hyperaeschra. Thorax with long upright crest of hairs in centre. In
forewings vein 6 and 7 widely separated from end of cell. Antennae of $ filiform.

C. coreana Mats. Forewings dark brown, the last third paler at costa. Inner line very sharply corecnm.
dentate, before same and below the cell, a dark streak. Outer line formed of black dots. 1 he apical area
between veins 4 — 7 is paler, the veins themselves are dark and there are deep brown striations in the
interstices. According to the original illustration the space below veins 2- 4 seems somewhat darker and
the anal angle is then again paler. The tooth or lobe is dark. Hindwings dark grey and devoid of markings.

$ 50 mm. Corea.

24. Genus : tipatalia Hbn.

Sp. argyropeza Oberth. (15 f). Closely related to the indian sikkima Mr. (Vol. 10, pi. 79 d), which is argyropeza.
a dark form of argentifera Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 304, pi. 46 f). However argyropeza is still darker, also at outer
margin and at base of costa, so that the entire surface is uniformly deep brown, except for the pale apical
patch, $ 44 mm. Ta-tsien-lu.

Sp. jezoensis Wilem. db South. Similar to doerriesi Graes. (Vol. 2, p. 303, pi. 46 e). Forewings pale jezoensis.
brown and rusty red with cloudy violet-brown in marginal area, veins there being creamy white. Below the
cell a triangular silver-spot with another spot nearer margin. The outer line is black, dentate and inter¬
rupted. Median nervure and discal lunule black. A white spot on margin between veins 5 and 6. Hindwings
dark brown. 38 — 48 mm. Hokkaido.

' 22. Genus: Semidonla Sfgr.

S. biloba Oberth. This form of the Indian basilis Mr. (Vol. 10, pi. 80 c), dealt with m \ ol. 2, p. 302,
pi. 45 d, differs only very little from same, bidens Oberth. is exactly identical with it. Described from Ta-

tsien-lu.

25. Genus: Leucodonla Stgr.

L. bicolor ia Schiff. (Vol. 2, p. 304, pi. 46 f). xanthoeephala Class has a deep orange head, collar and xanthoce
long streaks over the “dorsal centre”. — In galactina DM. the golden yellow spots are much reduced, simi-
larly the black spots, forming thereby a transition form to albida Bsd. and unicolora Men. It differs how¬
ever from them by the grey reddish sheen of the ground colour. It occurs rarely in Central and South

Germany.

26. Genus: Oclirostigma Hbn.

O. velitaris Hufn. (Vol. 2, p. 305, pi. 45 c). pontica Rbl. is a much darker grey. The transverse lines pontica,
are filled with white and apparently they are more vertical to the inner margin. Trebizond. cinerea 5 cinerea.

Schille has normal markings. Colour of forewings is slate-grey. The lines instead of being with white are
filled with grey and also the large angular mark is grey. Hindwings dark grey-biown.

0. melagona Bkh. (Vol. 2, p. 305, pi. 45 c). melar.ochtoa Schultz is a dark form, which occurs in the melanoch.
West German industrial region and also in Silesia. Forewings of <$ are grey-black to black with reddish sheen.

The pale transverse lines are darker. In the $ forewings are densely dusted with grey-black.

O. japonica Wilem. (Vol. 2, p. 305). We are now giving an illustration of this species (14 e).

26a. Genus: Shirona Mats.

Antennae of $ pectinate and ciliate. Palpi short. Forewings with oblique outer margins. \ 'em o
nearer to 6; 4 widely separated from 3, vein 6 from centre of accessory cell, 7 + 8 + 9 +10 from apex
of same, the sequence of their branching off is not indicated. Vein 11 free. On hindwings vein 6 + / vi 1
long stalk, 3 + 4 well separated.

WILEMANUS; MELAGONINA; ODONTOSIA; ODONTOSINA. By M. Gaede.

S. nivea Mats. Forewings white with a few browm scales, veins yellowish. Near base of costa a row
of blackish streaks and above the centre of inner margin a few black scales. Hindwings wdiite, yellowish
at margin and on veins. Antennae and body yellowish, ochreous on upperside of abdomen near base A
30 mm. South Saghalin. ' °

26b. Genus: Wilemanus Mats.

Thorax like in Ochrosiigma. Palpi short, densely haired. Antennae of pectinated almost to their
extremities, shorter pectinations in $. On forewings veins 3 and 4 arise separately, 6 laterally from the ac¬
cessory cell; 7, 8 + 9 and 10 separated from apex of same, vein 11 free. On hindwings veins *3 and 4 arise
from same spot, 5 is more weakly, 6 + 7 with short stalk.

W. bidentatus Wilem. (14f). The main form was erroneously described by the author as S taw opus
and therefore enumerated in Vol. 2, p. 290 as such. On the other hand the form ussuriensis Pnglr was dealt
with as Ochrosiigma in Vol. 2, p. 305, pi. 49 b. It differs from bidentatus by the absence of the bold black
streak in the submedian fold, whilst on the other hand the black lunule at disco-cellular stands out more
prominently. Ground colour of both forms is white-grey, coreanus Mats, is identical with ussuriensis. In
Nanking the form bidentatus occurs and not ussuriensis, according to specimens in the collection of Hoene.
We are illustrating one of these specimens.

26c. Genus: Melagouina gen.

nov.

Similar to Wilemanus. Thorax as in Ochrosiigma. At base of abdomen 2 small tufts. Palpi densely
haired, somewhat longer than in Wilemanus. Antennae of $ pectinated somewhat nearer to extremity On
fore wings veins 3 and 4 arise separately, 6 closely below upper angle of cell, 7 just below apex of accessory

cell, 10 + 8 + 9 from apex of same. On hindwings vein 3 is somewhat separated from 4, 5 is weaklv
6 + 7 with short stalk.

hocnei. M. hoenei sp. n. (14 f). Somewhat like Ochrosiigma melagcna (Vol. 2, p. 305, pi. 45 c). Thorax and

forewings greenish brown. The inner band with black edge and dusted with black. Its inner edge projects
far below the cell, its outer edge about vertically at y3rd of costa, with small interruption above submedian
nervure. . At disco-cellular a faint light streak. The finely drawn outer line is white, dentate and only dis¬
tinct at its commencement and extremity. Behind same on costa there is a triangular mark of dark dusting
and a similar but quadrate mark on inner margin. The latter is outlined on upperside by a black line. Be-
sides the inner band is intersected by a black line. Hindwings grey-brown. $ 40 mm. Nanking (Kiano-su).
Type in the collection of Hoene.

27. Genus: Odontosia Hbn.

O. carmehta Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 305, pi. 46 g). nocturnalis Stick, is much darker than type. On fore wings
tie otherwise extensive white dusting is only present as a faint grey hue at inner angle. As it is also
described from Lapland, it will probably scarcely differ from the older nordlandica Strd. form ml 14 +
saucrmanni. mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 306. An illustration of the latter is now being given here. - sauermanni O. Bang-
Haas (14 f) is as uniformly dark as nordlandica, but as reddish brown as is otherwise only the costa. The
pale grey colour is also concentrated at the anal angle, from below lower median nervure. Hindwings are
fairly typical without the grey sheen. This form was bred.

• S' sievers*‘ Mm. (Vol. 2, p. 306, pi- 46 g). Around Konigsberg and probably also throughout the
Baltic Provinces a form is found that is dark in both sexes. In the $ forewings are black-brown, only the two
transverse lines and a few spots near the margin are pale. In the $ marginal area is paler: strlngei Stick .
IT In contrast to this there is the pale form grotei Stick, which is found everywhere among this species.
It, has more profuse white dusting with reduced markings. In the cj the outer transverse line is completely or
almost obsolete, marginal area very pale. In the $ only the costa and inner margin are pale brownish' all
the rest is whitish, markings being very faint, schellenbergi Simla with indistinct and diffuse markings”
is probably the same. — The indication in Vol. 2, p. 306 that the type form occurred in the Amur and
Ussuri districts must be cancelled. There patricia Stick. (= arnoldiana Karel.) (15 e) occurs. According to 3
specimens before me, it is larger than sieversi. The colour of forewings of $ is a dark reddish brown from
costa to median nervure, as well as in the discal band. The yellowish lunular line at the outer edge of the
discal area is more distmet. On hindwings the pale central line is longer than is generally the case in sieversi.
lUe y also has obscurer markings and is similarly a darker brown than type. Vladivostock, Sedanka. —
japombia Mats, will not vary much from same and a denomination appears scarcely justified.

stringei.

grotei.

'patricia.

27a. Genus: Odontosina gen. nov.

. i elated to Od. sieversi according to the neuration. In fore wings veins 3 and 4 are closer together

• ia + 1I|1 S<v,nU an<^ V<^n 1 <J *S ^ree' 6 on a s^ort stalk with 7 + 8 + 9. In hindwings also veins 3 and 4 are approx¬
imated. Vein 6 + 7 on a stalk of about half the length. Antennae of J about the same as those of Lopkontosia.

LOPHONTOSIA; LOPHOPTERYX; PTEROSTOMA; PTILOPHORA. By M. Gaede.

183

0. nigronervata sp. n. (15f). Thorax deep red-brown. Fore wings somewhat paler. Below the cell nigroner-
and on lower median nervure to the outer line, darker, almost black on inner margin. Outer line black
and dentate. Veins beyond same black. Below each of veins 4 and 6 a black spot. Abdomen of same
shade as forewings. Hindwings somewhat paler brown. 40 mm. Tze-ku. Type in the British-Museum.

28. Genus: liopliontosia 8t.gr.

L. pryeri Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 307) should be classified here and not with the Bophopteryx. It is very
similar to cuculus Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 306, pi. 46 d, 49 b), but differs in the shape of the prediscal line, which
forms 3 arcs ; only the sinus below submedian nervure is identical in both species. The species is not similar
to Oil. sieversi as seemed to be implied in Vol. 2, owing to the insufficient original description. It varies
quite considerably. — japonica 0. B.-Haas denotes specimens having a pale basal area on forewings, the japonica.
marginal area beyond the postdiscal line is dark whilst the margin itself is pale and distinct, similar to
Boph. cuculla (Vol. 2, p. 307, pi. 46 h).

L. draesekei O. B.-Haas. Similar to cuculus (Vol. 2, pi. 49 b), but the colouration is grey. The inner draesekei.
line projects very far forward in the submedian fold, the central area is not paler. The postdiscal line is
faintly angulated on vein 6 and in the submedian fold; it is white with a black inner edge. The discal and
outer areas are dark and clouded. Tooth or lobe large, rounded and dark grey. Hindwings grey, paler at
base. 30 mm. Peking. The species should almost certainly not be classified here.

29. Genus: Lophopteryx Steph.

L. camelina L. (Vol. 2, p. 306, pi. 46 g). — pallida (Gillmer i. /.) Heydemann denotes pale ochreous pallida.

$ specimens, pallida Marechal will probably be the same. — fasciata DM. denominates specimens having a lasciata.
uniformly wide black marginal band on hindwings, which extends to the spot at anal angle.

L. robusta Mats. yellowish brown. Forewings with a few blue-black scales near inner margin robusta.
and at base. The wide black-brown discal band excurved on vein 4 and terminating before the tooth or
lobe on inner margin. In front of same widely dusky. The black-brown inner line is sharply dentate and
only distinct on inner margin. Hindwings marked like the other species. 42 mm. Hokkaido.

L. sounkeana Mats. Similar to robusta. Forewings of dark brown. The inner and outer lines are sounkeanct.
wider, the radial streaks behind the cell are more numerous and prominent. Hindwings dark grey with usual
markings, the black anal spot is wide. 44 mm. Hokkaido.

L. nikkoensis Mats. yellowish brown, $ dark brown. Fore wings of with wide black-brown band nikkoensis.
from centre of inner margin to near the apex on costa. Towards the base from this band, a few short black-
brown radial streaks. Forewings of $ have a violet sheen. Anterior to the tooth or lobe there is a dentate
black-brown inner line, which is only distinct on the widely dark inner margin. Thorax of <§ with ashy
grey triangle, which is whitish in the Q. 44 mm. Nikko.

32. Genus: Pterostoma Germ.

P. palpina L. (Vol. 2, p. 308, pi. 47 a). — grisea Kitt varies from the otherwise more brownish spring grisea.
form by its striking grey colouration, also the body being grey. The name is not happily selected, as
there is already a “species” grisea Brem. which only differs from european specimens, as so often happens
in East Asia, by its size. — In the grey-brown lapponici Teich (14 e) it is stated in Vol. 2 that the pale
“median band of hindwings is absent”. In the numerous <§ and $ of the Pungeler collection from Gelli-
vare, the hindwings are almost white. We are giving an illustration of a <$. — obsctira Hoffm. denotes very obscura.
dark specimens from cold localities. Also hindwings are grey-brown with grey-black margins. Except for
the hindwing therefore it seems to be identical with lapponica.

33. Genus: Ptilopkora Steph.

P. plumigera Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 309, pi. 47 g). The pale and dark forms of this species have been
denominated many times, pallida Hoffm. denotes pale buff specimens with reduced markings. — A pale pallida
form with very faint markings has been named extincta Galv., berolinensis Strd. and pallida Closs. If is
doubtful whether the latter two are distinct from the first named form. — The counterpart obscura Schwing. obscura.
is a fairly uniformly blackish dusted form. — schaffgotsdii Marschner is described as dark grey, only the schaffgot-
abdomen retaining the normal colour and besides there are a few sparse yellow scales on both wings.
Intermediate forms are as follows: saturatior Phi. (obscura Gloss, plumigerella Strd.) is a striking reddish, saturalior.
very clearly marked form. — fulva Benz is unicoloured pale yellow-brown and brunmea Benz is monotonous fulva.
brown. — variegata Benz is brightly marked with dark brown markings on a light ground, according to an

184

GANGARIDES; PHALERA; PYGAERA. By M. Gaede.

virgata. illustration however the $ does not differ from fulva. — virgata DM. has a dark discal area. — A dark brown
pair in the collection of Pungeler with fairly distinct yellow transverse lines, the from Sicily, the $ from
Vienna have not yet been denominated.

sutschana. P. sutschana 0. B.-Haas. (14 f ) This has much wider wings. The tooth or lobe on inner margin

seems to be absent. Antennae and neuration are typical. At base of antennae there are striking yellow
tufts of hair. Forewings reddish brown. The outer line is distinctly marked and yellowy the inner line much
less clear. Hindwings grey with indistinct pale line. Fringes however are brownish. $ 32- 34 mm. Sutschan.

37. Genus: Gangarides Mr.

G. dharma Mr. (Vol. 10, p. 609). The form puerariae Mell (Vol. 10, pi. 80 a) has, as was indicated in
Vol. 10, a somewhat rosy hue on hindwings and a white spot at inner margin of the postdiscal line of fore-
corccmus. wings. — coreanus Mats, is a sub-form that does not vary materially. It has a yellow hindwing, the white
spot appears to be absent. In rubens Mats, the hindwings are pale red, so that this form can scarcely be
differentiated from puerariae. Both are from Corea.

38. Genus: Phalera Hbn.

nigrofas- P. bucephala L. (Vol. 2, p. 312, pi. 47 d). nigrofaseiata Kiefer (= fasciata Kais.) denotes specimens

* at 0. in which the dark brown band on hindwings, which normally is only faintly marked on underside, is boldly
vaupercula. marked on upperside. — paupercula Steph. on the other hand has also not got this band on underside. On
forewings the yellow-white central spot is very small and in the large apical patch the ochreous brown
stcphani. dentate stripe is very faint. — stephani Ernst has exceptionally large yellow oval apical patches that
nanula. extend inwards, the two double transverse lines are absent, except for minute traces. — nanula Steph. denotes
small specimens of 20—22 mm wing length. — dejecta Std. is another name for dwarf forms. The defective
philonica. markings mentioned for the latter, will probably not be better in nanula. — philonica Std. from Istria is
a sub-form to bucephalind Stgr . 1 lie pale inner margin of forewings does not appear to extend as far as
the base. On hindwings the discal band is present on upperside, but in the original drawing it is not
velaia. visible. On underside the hindwings also have a fairly definite band. - velata Dhl. from the South Tyrol
has a dark band on underside of forewings, but the basal area before same is duskily brown. On upperside
the form resembles tenebrata-demaculata Strd., only it is much larger than same, as is customary with southern
forms. — tenebricosa Stertz is about the same as demaculata, it is described from Petrograd. A 9 specimen
in the Pungeler collection from the Alexander Mountains has a pale olive-brown forewing, somewdiat of the
same shade as the costa of doerriesi (Vol. 2, pi. 46 e), but markings are normal. Hindwings very yellowish,
about like the inner margin of bucephala as illustrated on pi. 47 d.

efllorcscens. Ph . bucephaloides O. (Vol. 2, p. 312, pi. 47 d). efflorescens DM. is an abnormal specimen in which

the yellow central spot in forewings extends to and merges with the costa. Also the pale spot at anal
angle is more extensive.

or cigar a. Ph. ordgara Schaus. Thorax of normal colouration, abdomen brown with white segmental edges.

Forewings mouse-grey, darker in cell and along costa to the postdiscal line. At base a black oblique streak
to the inner margin and another short line. Inner line delicately marked, black, vertical and undulate.
Outer line also fine, double the two sections being widely separated, from behind the cell at vein 4 to the
centre of the inner margin. Beyond same between vein 3 and costa dark grey striations to the submarginal
line. The latter is faiil}- wide, white, from costa vertically to vein 4, beyond same there are small dentate
black spots. Between vein* 4 and 3 it is incurved and merges with an undulate white line from the apex;
below vein 3 it changes to a narrow dark grey line. Marginal line cinnamon brown and black, enclosing
white spots. Hindwings dark brown and also with white marginal dots. $ 60 mm. Ta-tsien-lu.

39. Genus: Pygaera O.

As the wing contour is completely different in timonides, argentata and denticulata, these should be
placed in the Genus Gonoclostera Btlr., more especially as the larva of timonides is also not a Pygaera larva.
Perhaps Plusiogramma Pimps, is identical with Gonoclostera.

P. timonides Brem. (Vol. 2, p. 313, pi. 47 f.). A $ from North Corea has forewings as dusky in the
usually pale patches, as normally the dark patches are and these latter are then almost black. It corres¬
ponds approximately to the illustration of denticulata in Vol. 2, pi. 56 d. Also the hindwing is darker than
normal. As only the one specimen is known to me, I am not giving a denomination.

argentata. . P. argentata Oberth. (15 e) resembles the previous species in its wing contour, but the outer margin

is still somewhat dentate. Thorax and forewings are dark chocolate-brown from base to beyond the centre.

Publ. 15. VI. 1933.

PYDNA; NORRACA. By M. Gaede.

185

Outer line dentate, black, regularly curved. It extends vertically from its termination at inner margin to
costa; paler to the outer margin, a dark spot only from costa to vein 5. Besides a silvery spot near base,
a small spot at lower angle of cell and obliquely inwards anteriorly two larger spots. 36 mm. Ta-tsien-
lu. Plusiogramma transsecta Gaede (Vol. 10, p. 609, pi. 79 b) is possibly the same species.

P. powelli Oberth. (15f) is perhaps only a pale form of pigra Hfn. Forewings grey-brown. The inner powelli.
collateral of the inner line less widely cleft, the outer one already excurved in the cell and not only below
same. The central line heavily incurved in middle and as pale as the inner line. Dark patches posterior
to same at costa and inner margin. 'Beyond the outer line more or less rusty red. 28 — 34 mm. Lambese.

P. konotlis Mats. Similar to cupreata Btlr. dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 647. Forewings with 4 white lines, Jcononis.
of which the first 2 have dark outer edges and they are not angulated on submedian nervure. The 3rd and
4th conjoin near anal angle and are interfilled there with black-brown. The 2nd and 3rd incline towards
one another and almost form a junction on median nervure, the 4th is oblique, straight with dark edges on
both sides. 24 mm. Honsho.

The hybrid pigranocheta Klemann has recently been bred from a crossing of pigra $ X anachoreta $ pigrano-
forming an addition to the hybrids of this Genus. It corresponds in dusky colouration to anachoreta and
the sharply contrasting markings of pigra have not been transmitted. — Numerous secondary hybrids have been
bred, which naturally differ very little from the corresponding progenitors. We mention the following: cur-
tula $ x inversa $ ( pigra <$ x curtula $) = curtinervis Federl. — raeschhei (curtula <$ X anachoreta r()

X anachoreta $ = facilis Tutt. — inversa $ (pigra $ X curtula $) X curtula $ = inversula Federl. -
prima (curtula $ X pigra $) x curtula $ = proavula Federl. — raeschhei $ (curtula <$ X anachoreta yj
X curtula $ = raeschkula Federl. — difjicilis $ (anachoreta $ x curtula X curtula $ = similis Tutt.

— Besides there is a hybrid of the 3rd degree: facilis X anachoreta $ = approximata Tutt, which natur¬
ally can no longer be distinguished from anachoreta. Federley has dealt with his breeding experiments fully
in the “Archiv fuer Rassen und Gesellschaftsbiologie”, Vol. 8 (1911).

42. Genus: I*y«liia Wkr.

P. goddrica Schaus. Antennae of $ fascicular. Thorax grey-brown, abdomen olive brown with dark goddrica.
transverse lines. Forewings pale rosy brown; dark olive brown on inner margin as far as the outer line, trans¬
verse lines similarly. A line on the median nervure and vein 4 to the margin with fine white lower edge.

The outer line excurved behind the cell, thence to centre of inner margin. From centre of costa an incurved
dark shade to median nervure and a similar line from submedian fold to base on inner margin. Beyond the
outer line a double row of dots and marginal dots. An oblique shade from apex. Hindwings black-brown,
d' 46 mm. Omei-shan.

43. Genus: Sforraca Mr.

N. longipennis Mr. (Vol. 2, p. 317, pi. 47 g). Actually retrofusca Joann., which was given under this relrofusca.
species as a synonym, is in all probability a separate species. On forewings there is a small spot close to
end of cell and another one below same. Behind the cell there is a large double spot between veins 4 6

and a row of small spots to the apex. Hindwings brownish. The $ that possibly belongs hereto has darker
forewings, orange-yellow with two dark spots before and again behind the disco -cellular nervure. 50 70 mm.

Described from Tonkin, I have a specimen before me from Chekiang.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Notodontidae in Supplementary \ olume _

* signifies that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

abraama Fent. Schaus Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 73 (19), p. 78.
acerba Not. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. G-es. Wien 61, p. (81).
albida Hopl. Daniel, Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 22, p. 72.
albisignata Drym. Lenz Osthelder’s Schmett. S. -Bayern 2 (1),
p. 189. *

alphitochros Drym. Zerny Iris 41, p. 100. *
alpina Cer. Bartel in Vorbrodt & Muller- Rutz, Schmett.
Schweiz 1, p. 190.

argentata Pyg. Oberth. Bt. Lep. Comp. 9, p. 59. *
argentea Drym. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 10, p. 63.
argyropera Spat. Oberth. Bt. L6p. Comp. 9, p. 58.

Supplementary Volume 2

baetica Not. Zerny Iris 41, p. 101.

basalis Drym. TV Hem. Entomologist 50, p. 28.

betulae Cer. Lenz Ent. Zeitschr. 37, p. 44.

brunnea Ptil. Osth. Schmett. S. -Bayern 2 (1), p. 195. *

cantiana Fent. Schaus Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 73 (19), p. 79.
chi Hyp. O. B-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. SI. *
cinerea Ochr. Schille Polsk. Pismo 5, p. 76.
citrinaria Zar. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 174.
coreana Cor. Mats. Trans. Sapporo Soc. 9, p. 32.
coreana Desm. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 4, p. 84.

24

186

Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Notodontidae.

coreanus Gang. Mats. Trans. Sapporo Soc. 9, p. 34.
coreanus Wilem. Mats. Trans. Sapporo Soc. 9, p. 30.
curvatum Loph. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 177. *

draesekei Loph. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 81.
dubia Not. Tuit Brit. Lep. 5, p. 20 (1906).

eingana Fent. Schaus Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 73 (19). p. 79.
extincta Ptil. Galv. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 77, p. (56).

fasciata Dicr. Closs Int. Bnt. Zeitschr. 11, p. 61.

fasciata Fent. Filip. Ann. Mus. Zool. Leningr. 28, p. 224.

fulva Ptil. Osih. Schmett. S. -Bayern 2 (1), p. 195. *

gelukpa Pheo. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 178. *
goddrica Pydna Schaus Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 73 (19), p. 87.
graliami Not. Schaus Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 73 (19), p. 74.
grisea Not. Heinrich Deutsche Bnt. Zeitschr. 1916, p. 510.
gi'isea Pter. Kitt Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 64, p. (177).
grotei Odon. Stick. Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 14, p. 33. *

heinickei Not. Hemmerling Int. Bnt. Zeitschr. 5, p. 273. *
hibernica Not. Caradja, Iris. 8, p. 97.

illunulata Drym. Dhl Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 104.
illustris Std. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Bnt. Ges. 19, p. 103.
intermedia Drym. Schaw. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 56,
p. 237.

interspersa Cer. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 24, p. 348.
intervalla Cer. Kosh. Jahrb. Mus. Martjan. 7, p. 71.

japonensis Fent. Tams Entomologist 60, p. 53.
japonica Tars. Wilem. Entomologist 50, p. 29.
japonicus Loph. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 81.
jezoensis Spat. Wilem. Entomologist 49, p. 133.

kononis Pyg. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 4, p. 45. *

korbi Not. Bbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68, p. (157). *

kurilensis Cer. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 3, p. 166.

lemur Not. Frings Soc. Ent. 28, p. 34.

leucotera Cer. Stick. Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 7, p. 116.

ludovicior Cer. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 174.*

mediolinea Staur. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 24, p. 245.
melanochroa Ochr. Schultz, Jahresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. 1904,
p. 91.

modica Exaer. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 104.
montion Not. Dhl. Ent. Zeitschr. 39, p 96.

nannula Phal. Stephan Ent. Zeitschr. 37, p. 44.
newmani Not. Tuit Brit. Lep. 5, p. 21.
nicetia Cer. Schaus Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 73 (19), p. 74.
nigricosta Hyp. Mats. Trans. Sapporo Soc. 9, p. 32.
nigrofasciata Phal. Kiefer Ent. Rundsch. 30, p. 32.
nigromaculata Desm. Mats. Zool. Mag. Tokyo 32, p. 140.
nigronervata Od. Gaede, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 183 *
nikkoensis Loph. Mats., Trans. Sapporo Soc. 9, S. 33.
nivea Shir. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. Hokk. 15, p. 110. *
nocturnalis Odon. Stick. Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 13, p. 289. *
nordlandica Loph. Strd. Schrift. Ges. Danzig Nat. Fr. 10, p. 285

obliterata Cneth. Wilem. Entomologist 50, p. 29.
obscura Pter. Hcffm. Mitt. Nat. Ver. Steierm. 51, p. 278.
obscura Ptil. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60, p. (219.)
ochracea Not. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 12, p. 451.
ordgara Phal. Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 73 (19), p. 8
oxiana Parag. Djakon. Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sc. TJR.SS. 2

p. 220. *

pacifica Not. Moltr. Entom. Rundsch. 31, p. 33.
palaestinensis Cer. Bartel Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 174 *
pallescens Cer. Rocci, Atti Soc. Lig. 24, p. 136.
pallida Loph. Heydemann Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 19, p. 349.
pallida Ptil. Hoffm. Mitt. Nat. Ver. Steierm. 51, p. 280.
patricia Odon. Stick. Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 14, p. 38.
paupercula Phal. Stephan Ent. Zeitschr. 37, p. 44.
persica Cer. Bartel, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 174 *
pliilonica Phal. Std. Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 18, p. 264. * #
pigranocheta Pyg. Klemann Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 22, p. 306.
poecila Cer. Stick. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 56, p. 61. *
pontica Ochr. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 58, p. (82).
powelli Pyg. Oberth. Et. L£p. Comp. 12, p. 246. *
powelli Drym. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912, p. 339.

renigera Cer. Bubac. Zeitschr. Oster. Ent. Ver. 9, p. 113. *
retrofusca Norr. Joann. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1894, p. 160.
robusta Loph. Mats., Trans. Sapporo Soc. 9, p. 33.
rotschildi Not. Wilem. Entom. 49, p. 133.

salicis Cer. Lenz, Ent. Zeitschr. 37, p. 44.
saturatior Ptil. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73, p. (20).
sauermanni Odon. O. B.-H., Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 182. *
schaffgotschi Ptil. Marschner Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 191S,
p. 133.

simplex Dicr. Niepelt Ent. Zeitschr. 44, p. 19. *
sounkeana Loph. Mats. Ins. Mats. 1, p. 111.
stephani Phal. Ernst Lep. Rundsch. Wien 1, p. 43.
striata Dicr. Schultz Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 2, p. 287.
stringei Od. Stick. Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 14, p. 33. *
styxana Micr. Schaus Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 73 (19), p. 89.
sugitanii Not. Mats. Trans. Sapporo Soc. 9, p. 31.
sureyae Cer. Rbl. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 18 (1933) p. 23.
sutchana Ptil. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 184.*

takaonis Hir. Mats. Trans. Sapporo Soc. 9, p. 31.
tanaica Dicr. Toll Ent. Zeitschr. 42, p. 278.
tartarus Gluph. Schaw. Zeitschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 4, p. 31.
tegelensis Dicr. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 91, t. 12, p. 282.
teriolensis Not. Dhl. Ent. Zeitschr. 39, p. 96.
transsylvanica Cer. Dhl. Ent. Zeitschr. 39, p. 96.
transversa Not. Schwing. Ztschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 10, p. 118. *
tristis Not. Masl. Polsk. Pismo 2, p. 133. *
tusa Hyp. Swh. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19, p. 207.

ussuriensis Not. Moltr. Entomol. Rundsch. 31, p. 3L

variegata Phil. Osth. Schmett. S. -Bayern 2 (1), p. 195. *
velata Phal. Dhl. Ent. Zeitschr. 39, p. 104.
vivida Drym. Zerny Iris 41, p. 100. *

xanthocephala Leuc. Closs Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 13, p. 23.
zickerti Dicr. Frings Ent. Zeitschr. 18, p. 58.

Note: To be added to the interrupta Group, at foot of p. 173, as newly described: Cerura sureyae Rbl. Wings
large, elongate, ground colour pure white without any admixture of ochreous yellow. The short grey subapical band on fore¬
wings is very oblique and pointed outwards. Underside of forewings without any grey darkening. $ 47 mm. Angora.

Cl

LITHOCHARES; SARONAGA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

187

18. Family: Cymatophoridae.

Since the publication in June 1912 of Vol. 2 dealing with the palaearctic Cymatophoridae, numerous
new forms have been described, but no fresh progress appears to have been made in regard to our knowledge
as to their position in systematic classification. At all events nothing seems to have been published. The only
distinguishing characteristic continues to be the neuration of the hindwings, the approximation of the costalis
and subcostalis, which occasionally become closely contiguous. This however is no longer sufficient for a defini¬
tion and thus the Axia (Cimelia) and Epicimelia are separated from the other Cymatophoridae , whilst howev¬
er they are removed from the family, they are nevertheless left in the same position in the classificatory
system. Meanwhile a peruvian moth has been discovered — Oiozona geometrica Draudt (Vol. 6, p. 1010, pi. 154 b)
— which has the main characteristic in, to a certain measure, a more marked degree: the costal nervure
fuses along quite a considerable stretch with the middle part of the subcostal. On the other hand this Genus
shows in other ways so little agreement with the Cymatophoridae, that its inclusion does not appear justified.
This discovery therefore does not help to throw much light on to the position of this familx in the classi-
ficatory system. According to the larvae it would seem best to place same next to the Notodontidae.

As mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 321—332, the position of the Genus Diloba was left open to doubt. Meanwhile the
larva of the A xia has been discovered. It is comparable to the Diloha larva, but not to any known Cymato¬
phoridae larva; one assumes today that the Diloba larva would most naturally connect with certain Cucullia
larvae; accordingly it would best be classified with the Noctuidae, even though its earlier interpolation among
the Valeria or Apamea cannot be maintained.

As in the case of the' Notodontidae, most of the Cymatophoridae newly described in the last 20 years
emanate from the eastern regions of the palaearctic zone.

Genus: Ijitliocliares Warr.

This Genus is dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 321. It is based on the species maxima Leech-, Hoitlbert en¬
larged same further by grouping albibasis Hmps. (Vol. 10, p. 661) to same, which had formerly been placed
under Palimpsestis. — Besides in 1921 the following new species was described:

L. cinereofusca Houlb. Size and shape about like maxima (Vol. 2, p. 321, pi. 49 h), but the wings
are not so pointed. Colouration similar, forewings dull olive brown, distinguishable by a white costal stiipe,
that is abt. 2 mm wide and which commences immediately at the base and terminates befoie the apex.
Hind wing darker at margin. Wing expanse 58 mm. Found in Yunnan, but in its northern part, fionr the thi-
betan frontier and hence included in the palaearctic Part, although it certainly also occurs in tin India
regions of China. It is to be mentioned that the original description of Houlbert does not cpute agree with
the photographic picture. He mentions black transverse lines and small crescents, of which nothing can be
detected on the photograph which is excellently clear and good. Form and general colouration especially of
the hindwings seem to closely approach Sar. albicosta Mr. illustrated in Vol. 10, pi. 85 a, but flu regular white
costal streak on forewings seems to differentiate same sufficiently.

2. Genus: Saronaga Mr.

S. oberthuri Houlb. Very close to Sar. albicosta (Vol. 10, pi. 85 a), so that it may be deemed to be
an allied species or even a subspecies. It also resembles S. consimilis Warr. (\ ol. 2, p. 321, pi. 49 f), differing
however by the more leadish white costal part of forewings and the lobulate central spot which is separated
into two parts. It occurs in Yunnan, close to the palaearctic boundary and also in the Himalayas. Probably

cinereofus¬

ca.

oberthuri.

188

HABROSYNE; THYATIRA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

it represents there the Japanese consimilis Warr., in a similar way as in northern Central China where same
is replaced by commifera Warr. (Vol. 2, p. 322, pi. 55 m).

3. Genus: Habrosyne Hbn.

A description of this Genus is given in Vol. 2, p. 322 and Vol. 10, p. 658 to which reference should
be made. Houlbert divides same into two groups, of which the one ( Habrosyne ) represents the european
form, whilst the other ( Goniloba ) groups the asiatic forms together. Besides these there are a few american
species.

H. derasa L. (Vol. 2, p. 322, pi. 49 d). According to Houlbert’s investigations, this species is identi¬
cal with Phalaena pyritoides Hfn., which was published a year before Linne’s derasa. As a re-denomination
would lead to an immense amount of confusion, we are retaining the name as a “nomen conservandum” .

H. derasoides Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 323). In Vol. 2 three illustrations were given to represent this species.
On pi. 55 m two smallish specimens were shown. The third picture (49 d) is correct as regards size, but
according to Hotjlbert it does not show a genuine derasoides , but rather an aberrative derasa. Meanwhile
although there is a good deal to be said on the subject, there may be some doubts as to whether derasa
and derasoides are genuinely separate species. Compare in this regard Gaede's remarks in Vol. 10, p. 685.
Contrary to the opinion of Warren, Dalla-Torre and Gaede, Houlbert considers the Indian fraterna to
be not identical with derasoides and in fact he deems them to belong to different Genera.

H. thibetana Houlb. Differs from our illustration of derasoides (Vol. 2, pi. 55 m) by its considerably
larger size and the reduction of the costal streak on fore wings which is only prominent in its outer part.
Idle pale oblique stripe, which outlines the basal area is more irregular and a clearer white. In spite of
these differences we consider thibetana to be only the representative of the european derasa in certain districts
of Central Asia.

petrogra- ^ H. petrographa Pouj. 1 h is form, the name of which was erroneously misprinted as pterographa in

Vla' Vo1- 2> P- 323> is according to recent researches a separate species from indica Mi. (Vol. 2, p. 323, pi. 55 n).

H. dieckmanni Graes. (Vol. 2, p. 323, pi. 49 d). Houlbert creates the new Genus Cymatochrocis for this
species, but indicates no structural differences between the two Genera, but only those of the markings.

roseola. H. roseola Mats, is unknown to me. The Japanese manuscript in which the species is described was

not available to me.

4. Genus : Tliyatira Hbn.

Here also Houlbert separates various species into different Genera. For instance Th. opalescens Alph.
and ornata Leech (Vol. 2, p. 325, pi. 55 n) are placed in a new Genus Psidopala Houlb. In this Genus the
costalls (vein 8) of hindwings approaches and for a stretch extends alongside of the subcostalis (vein 7),
though they do not actually anastomose as in the peruvian Genus Oiozona Drt. (Vol. 6, p. 1010, pi. 154 b),

which creates a connecting link between the Notodontidae and Cymatophoridae. The creation of this

Genus has certain justification. For the next two nearest related species, Th. apicalis Leech and tenuis

bmps. (Vol. 2, p. 325, pi. 56 f) which differ from the others by their very delicate bodies, Houlbert proposes
the generic name Psidopaloides.

Th. batis L. (Vol. 2, p. 323, pi. 49 e). Further forms have been denominated: conflua Rbl (= con-
C°nt fluens Marschner nec Reuter, variabilis Trnr.) is a form, in which the costal spots conjoin with the large

albipuncta- spot at anal angle and there are often also connections with the other spots of forewings. - albipunctata Splr.

has. a few white clots along the dark irregular line between the two outer eyespots. ° These can be held to
indicate the white line that occurs in other Cymatophoridae, for instance in Gonophora grisescens (Vol 2
indccorata. p 326, pi. 49 e) or Thy a lira apicalis (Vol. 2, p. 325, pi. 56 f). indecorata Trnr. denotes specimens from South
dcrosea. Wales and North Ireland in which the rose colour of the eyespots is replaced by dull ochre - — ab derosea
plmea. Maur. has ivory yellow eyespots and darker ground colour. - phaea Did. has the rose shade of eyespots re¬
placed by a dull olive brown; these are described from the South Tyrol, Meran (Lana, Terlan), but also oc¬
cur elsewhere and probably are scarcely distinguishable from indecorata.

I h. cognata Mr. (Vol. 2, p. 323, pi. 49 e). British authors consider this a geographic form of the euro¬
pean bahs, Houlbert however deems same to be actually a separate species. It is limited to Kashmir and
the adjoining Himilayan regions; a similar form — - vicina Gn. — occurs in Java.

Th- dinnnuta Houlb. (14 a). This somewhat resembles batis (Vol. 2, p. 323, pi. 49 e) and cognata (ibid.),
but the beautiful peach red eyespots are situate further from one another; an oval spot occurs in centre of
costa and a similar one in the middle of the inner margin ; ground colour between the spots is a purer brown
Otherwise it most closely resembles decorata Mr. (Vol. 10, pi. 85 a) from North India and Formosa. — It

HAPLOTHYATIRA; MELANOCRASPES; GAURENA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 189

should however be remarked here that specimens also occur in the indian and formosan decorata Mr., in
which the rosy spots on costa more or less conjoin, as is shown by the specimen illustrated in Vol. 10,
pi 85 a In the illustration given by Houlbert, all the spots are separated . — Matsumura creates a separate
Genus, Hamya, for Th. violacea Fixs. (Vol. 2, p. 324, pi. 49 e), whilst Houlbert designates same as a quite

typical Thyatira.

Genus: Haplotliyatira Houlb.

This Genus based on 2 species and created in 1912, is said not to differ structurally from Thyatira,
but only in the markings and colouration. The species have less than 5 eyespots on forewings. I hey aie
rather large in size and their general appearance approaches that of the Cymatophora.

H. transitans Houlb. (11 d). Of the eyespots of batis one can only discern indications in the form of iransitans.
slightly paler, rosy tinged patches. There is a small spot of such a nature of irregular form, rather vio¬
let grey at base of forewings; a second one in centre of costa and a further smaller and whiter one just
before "the apex. Hindwings reddish grey-brown. From Tze-ku i. e. from the boundary of palaearctic terri¬
tory. It is fairly close to the indian Th. labiata Gd. (Vol. 10, pi. 85 b).

H. unipundata Houlb. (15 e). Size, shape and colouration of hindwings as in transitans-, on fore- unipuncta-
wings however the rosy eyespots are completely absent except for a faint patch before apex; forewmgs aie
traversed by undulate, angulated transverse bands, such as occur in Cymatophora. From Sikkim, we are
enumerating this species here as it is not mentioned in the Indian part of the work and as it is a boundary
species of .quite eastern palaearctic character and despite the fact that it has not yet actually ieen c is-
covered on palaearctic territory.

Genus: Ilelanocraspes Houlb.

Houlbert places in this Genus, which he created for a group hitherto placed in the thyatira sfecl*s
having a subterminal band on hindwings; he includes 8 species which are distributed on about the 30 latitude

from Thibet to Japan.

M. (Th.) stramineata Warr. (Vol. 2, p. 324, pi. 55 n). It should be mentioned here that the denomina¬
tion on pi. 55 n of Vol. 2 was erroneously given as “straminea” instead of stramineata.

M. (Th.) conspicua Leech (Vol. 2, p. 324, pi. 56 e). This species also occurs in Thibet and Mandchuna.

M. fasciata Houlb. from Thibet and West China (Ta-tsien-lu) is as large as stramineata Warr. and conspi- fasciata.
cua Leech (vide Vol. 2, p. 324) which it also resembles, but the forewings are duskier, the pale eyespots ess
prominent. On hindwings the black outer band is nearer the base and narrower than m conspicua. mg

expanse 55 mm.

M. simplificata Houlb. (lie). Forewings without eyespots, deeper grey, paler slate-grey with chalky «™'Vl'Vr^
white in basal area and beyond the centre, the discal area dark brown-grey, traversed by blackish dentate
lines, outer area cloudy violet-grey, fringes paler and spotted with darker grey. Hindwings with dull brown
outer band intersected by the pale veins. The band is about 2 mm from margin. From one ? from Fast
Thibet, illustrated from a figure of Culot in Oberthur’s “Etudes Lepid. compar. .

Besides the above species Houlbert classifies here still flavida Btlr., oblonga Pouj., flavimaigo Leech
and pryeri Btlr., all of which are illustrated in Vol. 2, pi. 56 e and i.

5. Genus: Oaiirena Wh-.

In regard to this Genus in which today a dozen species are classified, compare Vol 2 p. 326 and
Vol. 10 p. 659. — Houlbert subdivides the Genus into various Subgenera (Chlorogaurena with florens Wh).,
sinuata Warr., olivacea Houlb.; Griseogaurena with grisescens Oberth., argentisparsa Hmps. and Cyclogauiena
with florescens Wkr. and gemella Leech.)

G. Olivacea Houlb. (14 b). This is placed next to florens Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 326, pi. 49 e) but the ohmcea.
yellowish spots on forewings are so enlarged that several of them become confluent. Ta-tsien-lu, West China.

G. florescens Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 326, pi. 55 n). Besides occurring in West China and Northern India, this
species is also found in Thibet.

190

PALIMPSESTIS. By Dr. A. Seitz.

kamtscha-

dalis.

6. Genus: Palfmpsestis Hbn.

This Genus was fully dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 326 and Vol. 10, p. 661 and we refer to what was said
1 Tow ! r ff0r?erJy2/na!ned Cymat°Phora and the family name is derived from same. About 30 forms are
SE? ^Itt^ ** indian’ A“ ^ are described as “Cymaio-

anterio ^ ^ “ Sp™- » "*■>» only the

, , i <IvpIoriS L • (Vnl- 2> P- 327, pi 49 h). As the presence of the two spots in the pale post median

<“■ r * s,*r to ie speci? ,(a: we11 r to the ****** ■ «* *•»«.

, , .. “ to specimens with but one dark spot, is justified. This aberration is however relatively

bmbanha ■ rare - The name brabantia Der. denotes a specimen with leaden grey forewings with central area of lTn7s

v!TUre, WhX‘ Tpherein are Sltuate the 2 black dofs that are characteristic for this species HindwiiX
" w iat paler than forewings. — In connection with this description it must be pointed out that the

hlvX C° OUr,°f f0lr;ingS 111 normal german specimens is brownish with grey dusting, whilst french specimens
On rX1 V1^let ground c°l°ur. Generally however the differences are minute and scarcely constant
f 10 hand kamtschadahs Shelj. appears to be a separate race, as various quite identical sped

mens of same have been obtained from Petropavlovsk, captured in June. Hindwings are pure white and there

/ ■ Knm h T mg T • X7een7 the 2 characteristic spots on forewings. A second name for the specimens from

WW?amt* X a-n ma'a,SU N*'dT" WMch den°teS SPecimens with q«ite unicolourous forewings on wMcbno maX
mgs are visible. Here also the 2 discal dots are conjoined by a bar. Hindwings with darkgrey outer

VeCtinata • win„s P; Peetinata Hrnlb (16 c). Distinguishable by the long pectinate <? antennae and the grey-brown fore-

sTdef ' r/bT """I dentati 1TeS Which are sharP1y edged by black on averted

c . li mowings with 3 veiy faint shadowy stripes, which pass through the centre and between same and

to thTni“; e are*CoP/m,g C7LOT’8 illustration of the only know,, specimen from Ta-tsien-lu. - According
to the illustration it is fairly close to tancrei (Vol. 2, p. 327, pi. 49 g) &

PUnnaZ „ , ^ PU,1Ct0rera,if H°ulh ■ <U e as Vnnctorenalis). A very large species with wide wings Forewinss im

l 2°T grrinl m? °Ur tlirough which 3 somewhat diffuse, irregularly outlined, dull whitish grey trans
Aerse bands extend. The cell end spot is shaped like an “8”, filled with dark scales in its lower pfrt Hind
rungs earthy brown with a faint pale band behind the centre. Ta-tsien-Iu. 1

P. ampUata Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 328. pi. 49 g). Of this species, which has frequently been held to be a

askoldensis. the Isle oAskouTfe nl TTm™ If if '7 *tag* *° the «r0und colour has •>«» described from
captured at Sidemi and Tze-ku ^ Q”*e "mU" speclmens are mentioned as having been

H?£SS“ ‘ r™

p 328 Vl «a")mh!!tat«a| 0iertf' ‘‘a1?- F”ewin* like * very pale ocularis, hindwings as in ampUata (Vol 2
1- 3_ , pi. 49 g), but also paler. A boundary insect for our territory. From Tze-ku.

l „ 7 F\ (VoL 2’ p' 321 • pl 49 f)- As “any authors have assumed, the synonymy of this species has

become contused owing to a conjecture of Haworth. Also the fanatics in the question of priority have d

" 6 !' Y C 77 8T any detmlte claim, in spite of most painstaking endeavours. What seems to us most im

we thcrdore confder”^ ! me'T'' IM “ f ^ 2’ pl 49 f “ *“«»% known under the name of oV and

the form illustrated in Vo \ T pfiq f * ? T“ cons™dum”- - As the most remarkable variation,
i |i , r ' . • p . • f as ab. albmgensis Warr. is to be mentioned. Its distribution is o-ra-

spreading latteriv The ‘7 u an.examPle of th« transition from a form, at first narrowly localised

ii. large part been de 6 F * d0Imnatlng geographical form. The numerous transition forms have
W„Z - In ab o»rZSr,ae1^CrnS ? eubmarginal pale spots are named ab. marginal,

band _ ab alhJLr p W u' hefome confluent on upper and undersides forming a marginal

trasf her/t ' l & ta Bun9* has a row of whitish radial streaks in outer area of forewings — In con¬
trast hereto m ab. albingocaeca Bunge also the white stigmata of albingensis are extinct - ab t IbinaosubcZa
a d ab. roberUXnhm. will probably be the same. - Sometimes also tie pale st.gniita 7f the c«Zf area
aie not pure white but of yellowish brown colouration (. albingoflavimaclata flLbr ) _ The sHgmata of

S nnStaf Can',e d'anSe" *h‘' °‘ker colouration indimrkhigs

■ i” ,| . I • n ai. confluens C loss (— unimaculata Marschner) there is only a uniformly nale

greenish diagonally oval spot in centre of the forewing; this aberration is also notified from the neTghbo^

intermedia.

subamplia-

ta.

marginata.

permargi-

nata.

albingora-

diata.

albingocae¬

ca.

albingo-

llavimacula-

la.

confluens.

SPILOBASIS. By Dr. A. Seitz

hood of Berlin and has also been bred at Leipa in Bohemia. — In clausa Wrli. (15 h) of which we are illus- clausa.
trating the type the reniform stigma is almost exactly of the same colouration as the transverse band in
which it is enclosed, so that it is almost extinct, as its outline can scarcely be discerned. — In unifasciata unifasciala.
Splr. only the inner transverse band is distinct, the outer one being obsolete; — in obscura Splr . the fore- obscura.
wings are darkened, the bands suffused with brownish, the reniform stigma scarcely discernible, only a trace
being visible, the orbicular stigma quite extinct. — In fasciata Teich the ground colour is normal, but the fasciata.
transverse bands are darker and more distinct. — In ab. juncta Kauzki the anterior and posterior transverse junda.
bands of forewings become confluent at inner margin. — ab. fuscostigmata Strd. has the reniform and orbicular fuscostig-
stigmata of rusty colouration instead of greenish and these are further often with dark centre. ab.
tangens Strd. is Strand’s denomination for a specimen illustrated by Nordstrom, showing a bred specimen tangens.
from S. W. Norway, in which the two transverse bands of lines are conjoined below the stigmata by a
dark shade. Possibly this is more an effect of the breeding rather than of the geographical origin (Ekero).

_ ab. costaenigrata Kuj. are specimens in which the veins are densely darkly dusted in the outer area of costaenigra-

forewings, so that light interstices occur, reminding one of the albingoradiata form of albingensis.

P. Candida Houlb. Forewings like those of or, but hindwings which are faintly yellowish white in the Candida.
disc, have a dark arched band before the margin. It differs hereby from all other species of the Genus.

From Pedong, a locality of which I do not know the geographic position. — Some irish specimens were
considered to be a separate race. They have a pearly white ground colour with almost completely sub¬
merged stigmata and dense black transverse lines which are confluent with the two transverse bands. The
form has been named gaelica Kane although a similar specimen has been found in Scotland. On the gaehca.
other hand the irish specimens are said to be of duller colouration without any rose or violet sheen, so that
the stigmata are less prominent. This form is said to be a separate race and is named hibernica Trnr. I luberniea.
should like to stress however that carefully preserved or, in darkened cabinets, lose their colour a little and
fade in the course of time. Freshly caught specimens on the Continent are deep earthy grey, sometimes with
a faintly olive greenish sheen. These however soon become more yellowish brown and after a few yeais in tin
collection they are often of an ochreous brownish tone. — A further number of or forms have been desciibed
from N. America. (Vide Vol. 6).

P. ocularis L. (Vol. 2, p. 327, pi. 49 g). Of this widely distributed species Tixtt has named specimens
with a rosy hue ab. rosea. — sareptensis Splr. is a form from S. Russia of paler grey ground colour with
a lesser admixture of brownish. In it the two stigmata are rather widely separated. — As caucasica Krul. saieP ensis-
probably a normal terrosa Graes . (Vol. 2, p. 327) has been described. — interrupta Splr. In this form the stig- interrupt.
mata interrupt the transverse stripes of forewings. — ab. frankii Boegl. is a melanic form of ocularis, which frankii.
almost exactly corresponds to the albingensis form of or, only the ground colour of forewings is not so uni-
coloured black, so that one can still discern the dark transverse lines. This excludes mistaking the form for
that of or. The type specimen was captured near Valencienne in N. France (this is an industrial town in
the coal region). It is to be remarked that the markings of forewings in the type specimen are not quite sym¬
metrical (the pale stigmata on right and left wing being differently shaped) and the specimen was captured
in July, so that it may belong to a 2nd generation, such as does not seem to occur everywhere. A number
of specimens of this type have been observed in the same locality.

P. ocularis X or $ has produced specimens which Tutt has named fletcheri. They resemble fletcheri.
typical or, but the stigmata have dark surrounds.

Genus: Spilobasis Houlb.

Houlbert creates his Genus Spilobasis on ( Palimpsestis ) basalis Wil. dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 3iS and
a number of newer forms. This is however not based on any special structural characteristics, but on the
presence of a large brown spot that embraces the inner 3rd of the forewing and is bounded outwardly by a
more or less wide black line.

S. basalis Wil. (Vol. 2, p. 328) (15 e). This species is described in Vol. 2, p. 328, but was not lllustra- basalis.
ted. We are now giving an illustration.

S. circumdata Houlb. (lie). Forewings with a whitish apical spot edged with blackish. The outer edge circumdata.
of the dark basal spot is rounded and has first a pale and then a dark outline. Hindwings with marginal
shade and in front of same a narrow premarginal band. Expanse 48 mm. The largest species of the Genus.

W. China.

S. flammifera Houlb. has the same shape exactly as circumdata (11 e) and also similarly wide forewings, tlammitera
but the basal spot has not such a dark outer edge, the marginal area is _ not distinctly darker than
the impurely grey cliscal area. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are faintly indicated and the blackish dots
that indicate the disco-cellular in circumdata are entirely absent. Ta-tsien-lu.

192

PARAPSESTIS ; POLYPLOCA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

S‘ pseudomaculata Houlb. (15 g). The outer 2/3rds of forewing, which are a milky pale colour, contrast
• sharply from the dark brown of the basal %rd, which has a somewhat irregular outer outline. Besides the
fore wing has a dark marginal hand, which is bounded on the upperside by the dark apical stripe. W. China

8. Genus: Parapsestis Warr.

For this Genus, which was established in Vol. 2, p. 329, a further form has now become known:

meleagris. Ps. rneleagris Houlb. (15 g). In this the wide white bands that in argenteopicta Oberth. (Vol. 2. p 329

pi. 49 g) traverse the forewings, are replaced by chains of small white dots. From Ta-tsien-lu in W. China.

Ps. plumbea Btlr. which in Vol. 2, p. 329, pi. 56 b, was enumerated as an aberration of argenteopicta
(ibid. pi. 49 g) is held by Houlbert to be a genuine species; however in the Tring Museum there are tran¬
sition forms.

asema

variegata

hartwiegi.

anglica
interrupta
nigrescens ,

haverkamp-

fi

unimacula-

ta.

obscura.

fasciata.

unifasciata.

flavistig-

mata.

serenoides.

9. Genus : Polyploca Hbn.

P. diluta F. (Vol. 2, p. 329, pi. 49 f). Dannehl describes from the S. Tyrol an ab. asema Dhl which
has unicoloured dark grey forewings on upperside, devoid of markings. — variegata Splr. has narrow trans-
. veise bands, edged with brown and yellow-white, near the base an ivory coloured patch. — hartwiegi Beis-
ser (= diluta Hbn. nec F.) has on forewings a very prominent dark antemedian transverse band of abt 2 mm
width and a somewhat narrower similar postmedian band. Between these bands the pale ground colour
contrasts very clearly. According to Reisser this is the north german form, whilst the typical diluta F. is
the southern, especially austrian form. There are however innumerable transition forms. — bipuncta Dup
should not have been stated as synonymous of diluta , but of duplaris (Turner).

P. flavicornis L. (Vol. 2, p. 330, pi. 49 h). To the subforms enumerated in Vol. 2, p. 330 we have to
add ab. rosea Tutt with reddish or violet suffused forewings and the subspecies anglica Houlb. with yellow-
grey or greenish tone to the ground colour of forewings; from England. To these is to be added the ab.
interrupta Houlb. in which the oval discoidal spot is somewhat elongated, so that it touches the two first
lines of the inner group of lines. The aberration is found in an english collection, there being one such
aberration among 8 specimens. It is only labelled “Perth”. — nigrescens Houlb. (15 g) refers to a sinole
specimen from Perthshire (Scotland) in which on forewing dark and light transverse bands alternate. This
is probably an accidental variation. The value of denominating such colour variations is illuminated by
a remark of Engramelle, who says, that in this species no two specimens are identically alike — ab
haverkampf. Lamb, has unicoloured silvery grey forewings, only the discoidal spot and an undulate line
are retained as markings. — In the form unimaculata Splr., which is mentioned as having been found
on the Amur, the orbicular stigma is absent. — obscura Splr. are specimens of dark shade, in which
this duskiness especially spreads on to the hindwings. — fasciata Teich are also dark specimens, but here
in the basal area inwardly of the central band there are 3 and outwardly of same 2 remarkably wide
blackish transverse lines. — ab. unifasciata Splr. in contrast hereto are pale specimens in which the
inner transverse band area is darkened, whilst the outer transverse lines have become obscure. — terrosa
Tiaes. ( ol. 2, pi. 49 f) appears to be a constant Amur form, in which the stigmata are almost completely
extinct. — On the other hand flavistigmata Tutt, originating from England, appears to be an accidental
variation. In it the stigmata stand out prominently and are dark yellowish.

P' r^ens ^ ■ (Vol. 2, p. 330, pi. 49 i and 56 c). For this and the following species Hoitlbert establishes
w wU;S Parmdina~ - The form serenoides Gn. (16 c) seems rather to be a form of the british xanthoceros
Hbn (Vol. 2, p. 330,^ pi. 56 c), than of the nominotype. It more closely resembles the form concinna Warr.
(Vol. 2, p. 330, pi. o6 c), however not the whole outer area is white, but the forewing is widely dark grey

rx O _9 1/ _ T71 SV . t* . . , ° J oJ

nigricans, anteriorly to an extent of 1
variegata.

mm.

From Great Britain. — ab. nigricans Splr. is a melanic form, confined
to no particular locality, in which the ground colour of forewings is very dusky and even the whitish markings
are obscured. — ab. variegata Splr. has also darker forewings, but the whitish markings are inclined to be more
extensive Also in this species there is an interrupta Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 330) of which the author creates the
following further combinations of names to accord with rather more whitish or yellowish colour tones- inter¬
rupta -alba Tutt ed inter rupta-ochrea Tutt. — The illustration that Esper gave of this species about 150 years
ago, has been designated as an illustration of a “variety” and the name given at that time of erythrocephala
usp. has been revived for similar specimens, which have a warm dark tone and thorax of somewhat reddish
brown colour. - The name ridens (latin for “the laugher”) has nothing to do with the bright colouration
which some continental authors seem to indicate, but with the markings of the head of the larvae, which
have a deriding look”.

P. korbi Bbl. from Asia Minor varies considerably, can however certainly be distinguished from ridens
by the smoother scaling of the forewings on which the outer transverse streak does not bend inwards on

erythroce¬

phala.

Publ. 16. VI. 1933.

GAURENOPSIS; TRISPXLA; AXIA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

193

costa, but outwards, also the veins are not darkened when traversing the outer transverse band, which in
ridens is generally pale leaden grey. The white subterminal line is more distinct, the lunules are less curved.

P. singulars Houlb. (14 b). Build & size like ridens F. (Vol. 2, p. 330, pi. 56 c), but the forewings ningularis.
almost unicolourous iron-grey, all transverse lines indistinct, nearly completely dissolved into single dots
and dashes. Hindwings dull whitish, darker in apical and marginal areas. From the neighbourhood of Digne
in S. France. — According to Houlbert, this is a genuine species, but possibly it is only a local form that
has become adapted to chalky, rocky surroundings.

P. nigrofasciatcc Graes. The name given in Vol. 2, p. 331 as nigrofascicula Graes. should be corrected
as above.

It is also intended to further subdivide this Genus ; Matsumura proposes the generic name Neoploca
Mats, for P . arctipennis Butt. (Vol. 2, p. 330, pi. 49 i) and Demopsestis Mats, for punctigera Butt. (Vol. 2,
p. 331, pi. 56 d).

Genus: €*aui*eiiopsis Houlb.

This Genus is only temporarily classified here ; it would seem to be more naturally placed among
the Noctuae. It has in common with the Gymatophoridae the approximation of vein 8 with vein 7 on hind-
wings, but this takes place in quite a different stretch (much closer to base) than in any of the Gymato¬
phoridae. In other respects such as in the palpi, eyes, antennae and general appearance it however agrees
with same. In outward aspect the two species grouped together here resemble the Genus Gaurena, especially
G. florens Walk. (Vol. 2, p. 326, pi. 49 e).

G. velutina Houlb. (14 b). A velvety dark brown, forewings with a number of white spots with very velutina.
faint rosy hue, the size and arrangement of which can be seen from our illustration. Underside of all wings
dark brown, glossy, hindwings with dark discal spot. From the eastern boundary territory of 1 hibet and
Ta-tsien-lu. — A somewhat similar species in-sularis Houlb. occurs in Formosa; spots whitish, similarly ar¬
ranged to those of gemella Leech. (Vol. 2, p. 326, pi. 56 a), but in the centre of inner margin the large white
and blackish marking is absent except for minute traces. On the other hand there is a large pale spot in
centre of outer margin. This form has not yet been discovered on palaearctic territory.

Genus: Trispila Houlb.

This Genus has been created for the form Thyatira trimaculata Brem. (Vol. 2, p. 324, pi. 49 e) and
a few further forms, which are very similar. The difference in the neuration of the hindwings consists, as
already mentioned, in that vein 8 approaches vein 7 near base, than in genuine Gymatophoridae. The 3 forms
described are all very similar, but as far as we know do not occur concomitantly, so that in all probability
they are geographical forms of one species. This is a question that cannot be decided here.

In regard to T. trimaculata Brem., the specimen illustrated (Vol. 2, p.324, pi. 49 e) was captured
flying around a lamp by a missionary and was personally handed to me by the captor out in China; it was
caught at Yen-chou-fu and is now in the Seitz Collection in the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt on the
Maine. Houlbert has named it unca, as it is said to vary in the shape of the eyespot at anal angle of fore- unca.
wings. We are giving for comparison's sake a copy of the original illustration of the genuine trimaculata
according to Bremer (14 b).

T. expansa Houlb. (14 a) is a very large species with large eyespots having only a slightly darker expansa.
shading in their orbit. From Siao-lu and Da-loo in Central China.

T. dubernardi Houlb. (14 a) is probably a boundary species, from Tze-ku; it resembles the typical dubernardi.
trimaculata Brem., but the eyespots are less ellipsoidal.

T. tripunctata 0. B.-H. is very close to the genuine trimaculata Brem., differing from same by the tripunctata
larger, more circular shape of the eyespots. Especially the accessory spot over the anal spot on flu margin
is very well developed. From Kansu.

Genus: Axia Him. ( = Cimelia Led.)

The group which now comprises the two Genera Axia and Epicimelia, was formerly classified, as
in Vol. 2, p. 331, under the Gymatophoridae, although as was mentioned in the introductory remarks (vide
Vol. 2, p. 321) at that time nothing was known of their larval stage. As in regard to the diagnosis of the
family of Gymatophoridae, the only invariable characteristic is the course of veins / and 8 of hindwings (these
approximate and run concurrently for a stretch, diverging again further on) the classification of this gioup
at the end of the Gymatophoridae is more or less justified. Most recent researches seem to uphold the sepa¬
ration of this Axia group and this would appear to be quite natural (Rebel creates a special family „Axndae ')

Supplementary Volume 2

194

EPICIMELIA; DILOBA. By Dr. A. Seitz.

but it should be remarked that these alterations do not transpose the Axia from their position in the general
classificatory system; they remain where they are at the end of the other Cymatophoridae, only now they
are separated by a deeper cleft. — The larva has no similarity with any other Cymatophoridae larva. The
former assertion that it moved forward like a Geometridae, must have been due to some misconception. The
larva of A. margarita more closely resembles certain microlepidopteral larvae. It is a smooth greenish yel¬
low, turning to a rosy hue anteriorly and posteriorly and has a green dorsal longitudinal streak. It feeds
on Euphorbiacae. Pupa is fairly shortish, very tough skinned, stoutest in centre, at posterior end of segments
a slightly raised, narrow ridge. Cremaster is short, blunt and conical with a curved pointed tip inclining an¬
teriorly. The dark red-brown colour turns to deep black-brown about 5 days before emergence. _ The imago

v\ hen at lest, sits on stalks of grass and has an attitude like that of Rhodometva sacraria. The wings are placed
together like a steep roof in such a way that the outer margins of forewings touch along their entire expanse.
Hie moth only uses the two first pairs of legs when at rest, the 3rd pair is pulled up alongside the abdomen.
When disturbed it promptly flies away, taking cover at short stretches. It readily comes to light, so that
the main flight will probably be at night. It seems to have two generations everywhere.

margarita. A. margarita Hhn. (Vol. 2, p. 331, pi. 56 h) is distributed over the entire southern Europe, from Spain

to the Balkan peninsular. It varies fairly considerably. The illustration on pi. 56 h in Vol. 2, was from an
old carinthian Fresh specimens have a more lively rosy colouration. — In the disc of Spanish specimens
soledad. the rose is suffused with deeper crimson and the central area with olive brown. These are named var. “sole-
dad (15 f ) by Schawerda, but they vary considerably, even in series of the same brood. Generally the
have dull white hindwings, whilst those of the 9$ are dull black. Among normal however some have a
greyish marginal shade on hindwings. Andalusian specimens, such as we have illustrated on pi. 15 f, from
freshly emerged specimens, have a narrower, but very golden lustrous cuneiform submarginal stripe. Fringes
of hindwings are sometimes white (twice among 12 specimens before me), but they are generally crimson

led (= ab. rubrociliata Schaw.). Also the silvery streak before the marginal area varies in width and length. _

In regard to the larvae and pupa see remarks above under “Axia” .

napoleona. A. vaulogeri napoleona Schaw. (Vol. 2, p. 332) is much smaller than name type form, but this may be

a peculiarity of the type. Forewings are almost monotonous golden yellow, with only faint suffusion of
rose; darker colouration is only found at base of forewings. Hindwings suffused with dull dark grey. From
Corsica.

12. Genus: Hpielmelisi Korb.

E. theresiae Korb. (Vol. 2, p. 332, pi. 56 e). Specimens from Aleppo are quite especially large and with
intensive colouration; the body and all the wings are suffused with deep crimson, instead of rose. The form
tischendorf- has been named tischendorffi 0. B.-H.
fi.

Genus: Diloba Bsd.

Also in this genus the stretch in which veins 7 and 8 approximate is close to base of hindwings, so
that, whilst m Vol. 2, p. 332, it was classified with reserve to the Cymatophoridae it may one day be separ¬
ated and classified with the Noctuidae ; possibly with the Cucullianae. So far the relationship of the only
species of this Genus with the other Heterocera families has remained so uncertain, that it has repeatedly
been proposed (Gloss and Hannemaot) to create a new family — Dilobidae — for this single species.

D. caeruleocephala L. (Vol. 2, p. 332, pi. 49 1). In contrast to forms with separated stigmata on forewings
coalita. {■ separata Schtz.), others occur where these are confluent. Such specimens have been denominated ab. coalita
Mewes. confluens Daumer is identical. — ab. capnodes Dhl. from the South Tyrol denotes duskily suffused
specimens. — Generally speaking caeruleocephala varies very little; the aberration already mentioned by
Treitschke, in which the two stigmata of fore wings are displaced and separated from one another, is named
bipartite, by Strand as ab. bipartita; it is said to occur more frequently near Oslo (Norway) than in central Europe —

orbimacu- orbimaculata Strd. is a further aberration from Norway, in which a small ring-shaped spot occurs inside of the
lata, usual large stigmata.

Index and reference of palaearctic Cymatophoridae.

195

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Cymatophoridae.
* signifies that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

albingoflavimaculata Pal. Has. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 97. I
albingoradiata Pal. Bunge Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 287.
albingosubcaeca Pal. Bunge Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7, p. 87.
albomaculata Thy. Leech Entomologist 23, p. 114.
albomarginalis Par. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. Hokk. 19, p. 14. *
albopunctata Thy. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 333.
anglica Pol. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 18, p. 214. *
angostola Pal. Stgr. Romanoff M6m. L4p. 3, p. 231. *
asema Pol. Dhl. Entomol. Ztschr. 39, p. 12.
askoldensis Pol. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L£p. Comp. 18, p. 176.

basalis Pal. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 282.
brabantia Pal. Der. Rev. Mens. Namur 24, p. 56.
bipartita Dil. Strd. Arch. Math. Nat. 25 (9), p. 12.
brunnea Pal. Leech Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 18.

Candida Pal. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 18, p. 169. *
capnodes Dil. Dhl. Entomol. Ztschr. 1926, p. 152.
caucasica Pal. Ivrulik. Rev. Russ. Ent. 1, p. 173.
chinensis Th. Leech Entomologist 23, p. 113.
cinereofusca Lith. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 18, p. 52. *
circumdata Spil. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 18, p. 153. *
clausa Pal. Wrli. Verh. Ent. Ges. Basel 28, p. 242.
coalita Dil. Mew. Entom. Tidskr. 1914, p. 41.
conflua Thy. Ebl. Berge’s B’fly Book p. 303.
confluens Dil. Damm. Entom. Ztschr. 35, p. 100.
confluens Pal. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 84.
confluens Pol. Hnr. D. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 524.
confluens Pol. Masl. Polsk. Pismo 2, p. 128. *
costaenigrata Pal. Kujau Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 141.

daisetzusana Pal. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 1, p. 112.
decorata Thy. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 328. *
derasoides Habr. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1878 (1), p. 77.
derosea Thy. Maur. Jahrb. Wien. Ent. Ver. 20 (1910), p. 41.
diminuta Thy. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 18, 107.
dubernardi Trisp. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 18, p. 240. *

erythrocephala Pol. Esp. Schmett. Abb. Nat. 4, p. 309. *
expansa Trisp. Houlb, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 18, p. 238. *

fasciata Mel. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 28, p. 120. *
fasciata Pal. Br. & Me. D. Journ. New York Ent. Soc. 18, p. 160.
fasciata Pal. Teich, Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 334.
fasciata Pal. Stock!. Polsk. Pismo, 1, p. 59.
fiammifera Spil. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 18, p. 154. *
fletcheri Pal. Tutt Entom. Record 4 (1893), p. 304.
franki Pal. Boegl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 10, p. 21. *
fuscomaculata Pol. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11, p. 84.
fuscostigmata Pal. Strd. Arch. Math. Nat. 25 (9), p. 22.

graelica Pal. Kane Entomologist 27, p. 125.

kartwiegi Pol. Essr. Ztschr. Oesterr. Ent. Ver. 12, p. 14. *
kaverkampfi Pal. Lamb. Rev. Nam. Mens. 1903, p. 31.
kibernica Pal. Trnr. Ent. Record 38, Suppl. p. 20.
hoerburgeri Pol. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73, p. (90).

indecorata Thy. Trnr. Entom. Record 38, Suppl. p. 12.
infumata Dil. Schiving. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68, p. (150).
insularis Gaur. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 18, p. 234.
intensa Pal. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 7, p. 234.
intermedia Pal. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 18, p. 178.
interrupta Pol. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 18, p. 215.
interrupta Pal. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 334.
interrupta-alba Pol. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1, p. 7.

interrupta-ockrea Pol. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1, p. 7.

juncta Pal. Kaucki Polsk. Pismo 1, p. 40.
juncta Thy. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1, p. 2.

kamtschadalis Pal. Shelj. Iris 40 (1926), p. 61.
korbi Pol. Ebl. Annal. Wien. Hofm. 16, p. 167.
kurilensis Pal. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 3, p. 166.

latipennis Pol. Mats. Thous. Ins. Suppl. 1, p. 76. *
lineofracta Pal. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 18, p. 489. *

malaisei Pal. Nordstr. Ark. Zool. 20 a (Nr. 12), p. 5.
marginata Pal. Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 5, p. 241. *
medinalis Pal. Mats. Thous. Ins. Suppl. 1, p. 72. *
medionigra Pol. Hof. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 73, p. (193).
meleagris Par. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 18, p. 141. *

napoleona Ax, Schaw. Iris 40 (1926), p. 205.
nigrescens Pol. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 28, p. 215.
nigricans Pol. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p.336.
norvegica Pal. Strd. Arch. Math. Nat. 25 (9), p. 23.

oberthiiri Sar. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 18, p. 194. *
obscura Pal. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 334.
obsoletu Pol. Masl. Polsk. Pismo 2, p. 131.
octimaculata Dil. Strd. Arch. Math. Nat. 25 (9), p. 12.
olivacea Gaur. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 18, p. 233. *

pectinata Pal. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L£p. Comp. 18, p. 149. *
permarginata Pal. Has. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 8, p. 52. *
petrographa Habr. Pouf. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1887, p. CXXXV.
phaea Thy. Dhl. Entom. Ztschr. 40, p. 400.
pinivora Kon. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 1, p. 112. *
pseudomaculata Spil. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lhp. Comp. 18, p. 155.
punctorenalia Pal. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lhp. Comp. 18, p. 183. *

roberti Pal. Euhm. Entom. Ztschr. 27 (1913), p. 89.

rosea Pal. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1, p. 3.

rosea Pol. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1, p. 6.

roseola Habr. Mats. Thous. Ins. Suppl. 1, p. 79. *

rubrociliata Ax. Schaw. Ztschr. Oster. Ent. Ver. 12, p. 37.

rufa Pal. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 18, p. 148.

sareptensis Pal. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 334.
serenoides Pol. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 18, p. 204. *
simplificata Mel. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 18, p. 122. *
singularis Pol. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 18, p. 206. *
soledad Ax. Schaw. Ztschr. Osterr. Ent. Ver. 12, p. 36.
subampliata Pal. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lep. Coni]). 18, p. 179.

tangens Pal. Strd. Entomol. Tidskr. 1927, p. 56.
thibetana Thy. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 18, p. 81. *
tischendorffi Ax. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 82. *
transitans Hapl. Houlb. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 18, p. 114.
tripuntata Trisp. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 82. *
tristis Pol. Leech Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 652. *

tinea Trisp. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lt4p. Comp. 18, p. 237.
unifasciata Pal. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 334.
unimaculata Pol. Masl. Polski Pismo 8, p. 50. *
unipunetata Pol. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 335.

variabilis Thy. Trnr. Entom. Record 38, Suppl. p; 15.
variegata Poi. (dil.) Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 335.
variegata Pol. (rid.) Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 336.
velutina Gaur. Houlb. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 18, p. 232.

■

SOMABRACHYS. By Dr. M. Heking.

197

19. Family: Megalopygidae.

By Prof. Dr. M. Hebing.

1. Genus: Somabrachys Ky.

According to latest researches this is the only Megalopygidae Genus of the Old World. Db. Joed an
demonstrated in 1916, that the numerous species described in this Genus, should be grouped under only
3 species, which are easily distinguishable through structural characteristics of the imagines, as well as thiough
the larvae. Later on Powell in 1919, based on observations extending over several years, particularly of the
early stages, dealt with the Genus in a monograph, retaining the various species. Db. Joed an considers all
the other species that have been described as synonyms of the 3 species he has defined and presumes that the
varying outer appearance of the species described, is due to the general conditions of life and natural smioundings.
As the larvae are exceedingly polyphagous and live varyingly on succulent or dry herbage, sometimes feeding
on leaves, elsewhere on flowers etc, this might produce a differing appearance of the imagines. It would
however appear, as if these many described species, were not merely synonyms, but as if they were at least
tribes or colonies, if not actually subspecies. In many cases the various forms of the same territory occur partly
in the mountains and partly in the plains, or again they seem to have developed into colonies due to particular
food plants or other conditions of life. If now, contrary to Db. Joedan’s opinions, the forms that he held
to be synonyms, are classified as subspecies, this is chiefly because, in spite of Powell s observations of t ie
natural conditions, he has been unable to convince himself definitely of the identity of the various forms,
he has also found various differences in the larvae of several of the forms. There is always the possibility
that these subspecies are merely tribes or colonies; future investigations must be carried out over a wide
area and by means of copious breeding, so as to establish the facts by means of differences in the larvae. -
Hopp (1927), when comparing the Somabrachys with its nearest related Genera of the Lew World 1 rosnnae,
holds same to be a highly specialised order, as is indicated by the wingless ?, the transformation of the tore-
tibiae and tarsi into “climbing legs”, as well as the irregular uncus of the <$. On the other hand lie fine s
an ancient inherited characteristic in the forking of the median nervure in the cell of forewings. He presumes
that the 3 species have all evolved from a single species, since their isolation from the New World. I he species
are most readily distinguished by the origin of vein 6 (median nervure) in forewings.

S. aegrota King. (Vol. 2, p. 336, pi. 50 d). Frons in profile with a truncate chitinous process that
projects pronouncedly. Abdomen on underside with dense spikes below the hairs. Femur slender, no prong
at end In forewings vein 6 (median nervure) arises from the cell above the angle of disco-cellular. The pectin¬
ations of antennae are somewhat longer than in the subsequent species. End of the 10th segment (uncus
of A somewhat clavate, truncate at end and hollowed out. The forms of this group are of medium size ^and
show only slightly pronounced dark neuration. The larva has only 7 of the transveise su xoisa ganc uai.
clefts. From Palestine to Morocco. The subspecies can be divided into two groups, ol which the irs ■ is
small and frail, the other however is of medium size with a more robust body, bolder thorax and more asci-
culate hairs. — I. Group: — zion Hopp (15 1) is dark grey-brown without distinctly obvious veins. Margin zion.
of forewings below the apex is very straight, the glossy fringes are paler than the wings. Yv mg expanse - mm.
Palestine. — aegrota King. (16 a) is smaller, wings paler, more yellowish, hmdwings paler, veins do not s' am acyiou.
out at all, costa of forewings markedly concave. Wing expanse 17 mm. Egypt, (Type is illustrated). - massiva m«^r«.
Oberth. (16 a) is larger, darker grey-brown than zion, veins do not stand out. W mg expanse -‘ mm- ium!5- .
unicoJor Oberth. is from Algeria, no more definite locality is given. It is larger than adJierbal (Id 1), the han umco or
are less golden brown, wings more densely scaled. - hiempsal Oberth. is similarly like adherbal, but thecoMa jliemp,a .
of forewings is straighter and apex more rounded. Khenchela, Province Constantine Algeria. - gulussa Oberth gulussa.
(15 1) shows hindwings distinctly paler than forewings. Wings thinly scaled. $ similar to that of hoJh, nit e

198

SOMABRACHYS. By Dr. M. Hering.

nisseni

dubar

maroccana.

ragmata.

arcanaria.

holli,

7“ fp buff; ail‘e1"n“ wilh Ionger pectinations. Lambese, Province Constantine. (Cotvpe illustrated I
T " 1 ?! 7 ™7. " * fo™ t0 adherbal’ differing from same by narrower and Imaller forewiL

he veins are rather browner than the rest of the wing. Province Algiers. _ dubar Pow f g‘

“• IS g rmi

' ■ P 1S veiy small> antennae are very pale golden brown. Hairs of boclv darW +T,Q ,

veins not darker. '+ pale brown, less densely haired, differing thereby from following form South Eastfrf
,nanasM,„l. the Provmce Oran. (Cotype illustrated.) - manastabal ObeA (151). Somewhat larger tha“' preceding tern

7Xr T dtT Sraef’ thedark COStal a«a °f fe-wings less extended at aplx, veins more dSndeTy
7.7 • , , 1 antennae tPan previous form, abdominal hairs brown Aflou SE Oran (Cotvne

l e browu’ fT, f“8' °iertk ■ d°Se ‘° *he lading form, costa rather more widely brown afapex othe^
the biown of the forewings is somewhat paler. The ? that is classified here, about which a doubt exists Zs

OmY ZroZZaXrt;,ltpantem,ae’ f>bd0n,inal hairs are PartMly very long and whitish. Sebdou, N.W.

West' Morocco 7 TT Cro' FWWM«* 'TV^T' #0*U °nly sli«htly curved- hairs yellow-brown. Mogador,
T . • P- ragmata Chret. (= capsitana Seitz). Wings monotonous grey very narrow

Tvery shSar0 oC°tt follow T T * ^ 7“ «“* Gafaa' TunisZZZaria Zl.

' ' ‘ , j , followillg form. Veins however less distinctly prominent fringes somewhat aWtPr

antennae ess densely scaled. ? also like that of the following form, but antennae linger , Lie deZZ scMed
bans of abdomen more reddish brown. From Tunis, Province Constantine to Province Algiers _ holli Oblrtk

r '!fS i1"r'rtW'"gS °nger’ 0t lmkr C°l0''1' than the wings, veins distinctly prominent * o with shorter an
tennae, hairs of the posterior edges of the abdominal transverse bands are less long hairs less reddish Only
"Zf f 6 rjnmediate neighbourhood of Algiers. - powelli ObeA is a more robu! JZ.
co ta of forewlngs faintly concave. Apex more acute than in the other subspecies. Wings densely scaled and

"'IT. coieH Tli T ,blaCk« hf’ hairS °f b°dy Shal’>ly- **« yegllow-orai; tbd-

brown T)»v» P n * ’’of buff’ forewm« wlth distinet dark veins, also costa duskier. Body pale

inchned fo 7rZ h Ti °ra\V W"™™' Antennae of 3 very long, body with buff hairs, Zngs

yellow ZehLm ' Middle Atlas °M b T” W.itb whitish 7^ hairs- Larvae strikingly whitil

3 w. Zienroun, Middle Atlas, Morocco. — mogadorensis Oberth. Wings wider than in the preceding form

:rzirmations o£ a“ «iy **>«*•

S. infuscata King. (Vol. 2, p. 336). Frons of irrregular, scarred and warty grain which is not visible

be lowtlm ^ngJW WrndtWhtiCh h™?7 Proiects over the eYes- Abdomen with less dense spikes

1 o u tt m r i n Strtef Wlth n0 apiCal pronSs- Vein 6 (median nervure) arises in forewing b e -

(uncus) of theYpohited^tin e c^ark freaks along the veins are usually quite prominent. The 10th tergit
obliciue shohtlv 1 + ,P\ .a.1' Vf)e ^V1 1 glandular clefts on 8 segments, dorsal warts of abdomen scarcely

Wu fa A7 I Vm?1i mVZ C (7 ‘he eTPti°n °f the laSt three> with 4-5 hairs. Egypt to Algeria 7
prominent Costa of Ww 7 1T°W forewl,’f of 11 mm length. Colour pale buff, veins brown and very
by Powell and emanaW ffo f> 'V e°n*ftTe- Egypt'' (Type ilIuste>fed.) - The specimens classified here
larger the mamin f / ^ ™ ,°ian r®Present a separate subspecies: robusta subsp. nov. (16 a); they are

IX; i s a y„r:;”r7;s ,ess "• costa mr Garyviil" ^

wl -+p L . P ^ fou: l1 6 a) has much dai’ker grey forewings, the base of which is slightly paler yellowish

mlratld?!! Palr VeinS t° n0t Stand 0Ut — h- Evince Constat ml

i In, • , at™erv,s Oberth. (16 a) is larger, with wider wings than the preceding form veins oencral v

the p^Mons ^bus7ergSIbUtfh paler’ ? similar to that of albinervis, hairs paler, ’antennae bolder,

pectinations robuster. In the mountainous regions of Algeria and Oran. (Cotype illustrated )

sparse spiLes'tov! ^ P‘ 33?> P!’ 60 d)* Frons with raised lines and scars, abdomen with only

vertex of an<de at close 1 v pi°"g at '< r,J1niatlon on lnner Slde. Vein 6 (median nervure) arises from

ToL red tings wRhon i f rT l f* ^ ^ <Uncus> Pointed in «?■ ^ge and robust moths with
mcoiouied wings without distinctly darker veins. Larvae with glandular clefts on 8 segments dorsal warts

of abdomen oblique, very elongate, each one (excepting the last three) with 9 - ! 2 ^ long E! Only found in

fornf their cob if t i r°Unma 0berlh- ( 1 5 ]) 18 a ver.Y robust form, wings shorter and wider than in the following
loin- i i the i colouration is a warmer brown, hindwings paler than forewings both scarcely transparent Tunis

kh7he'af outjs Iike ,he

amneeA geria,' Pr " ArbinZvi^oZ^rfT abd0ffiinal bandS ™'y Sh0rt- ridek. Al-

somewhat reddFb cr.lo ,. A,. .•T"'"8 , ' G?sta of forewlngs a,™ys concave. Wings transparent with

, ® “ Id , T™*1?11’ knidwmgs paler. Veins do not. stand out and they are occasionally paler o

with 'the ZvTouXm f’ }27 n, T, ^ and 0ran> ««"»» » certain localities simultaneously
v Me Z IT™””' 1 ,um(lsa 0ierth ■ has chocolate coloured forewlngs with outstanding veins Gert¬
ie not the shgirtce ^ ^ ^ -re prominently; there

powelli.

codeti.

guillaumei.

mogadoren¬

sis.

infuscata.

infuscata.

robusta.

micipsa.

atrinervis.

chretieni.

kroumira

khenchelae.

fumosa.

chretieni.

Index and reference of palaearctic Megalopygidae.

199

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Megalopygidae.

* signifies that the foi'm is also illustrated in the place cited.

adlierbal Som. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 5, I, p. 272 (1911) * '
aegrota Som. Klug, Symb. Phys. Taf. 20 f. 5 (1830). *
albinervis Som. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 3, t. 21 f. 98 (1909). *
arcanaria Som. Mill. Rev. Entomol. 3, p. 6. *
atrinervis Som. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 5, I, p. 299 (1911). *

capsitana Som. Seitz, Seitz Macrolep. 2, p. 336 (1912). *
chretieni Som. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1908, p. 48.
codeti Som. Aust. Le Naturaliste 1880, p. 284.

dubar Som. Pow. Et. L4p. Comp. 12, p. 395 (1916).

fumosa vSom. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 5, I, p. 299. *

guillaumei Som. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 19, p. 143 (1922). *
gulussa Som. Pow. Et. Lep. Comp. 12, p. 397 (1916).

hiempsal Som. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 5, I, p. 297 (1911). *
liolli Som. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 5, I, p. 298 (1911). *

infuscata Som. Klug, Symb. Phys. t. 20 f. 6 (1830). *

khenchelae Som. Oberth. ISt. L4p. Comp. 3, t. 21 f. 92 (1909).
klugi .Som. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 5, 1, p. 297 (1911). *
kroumira Som. Oberth. 13t. L4p. Comp. 5, I, p. 300. *

manastabal Som. Oberth. Et. hep. Comp. 5, I, p. 276 (1911).
maroecana Som. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 5, I, p. 297 (1911).
massiva Som. Oberth. Et. LCp. Comp. 5, I, p. 299 (1911).
micipsa Som. Pow. Et. L6p. Comp. 12, p. 423 (1916).
mogadorensis Som. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 3, t. 21 f. 85 (1909).

nisseni Som. Pow. Et. L4p. Comp. 12, p. 389 (1916).

powelli Som. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 1908, p. 48.

ragmata Som. Cliret. Le Natural. 32, p. 78 (1910).
robusta Som. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 198. *

unicolor Som. Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 3, t. 21 f. 100 (1909).

zion Som. Hopj>, Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1922, p. 430.

■

Pubi. 15. VI. 1933. SCOPELODES; HYPHORMA; MATSUMURIDES; MICROLEON. By Dr. M. Herikg

201

20. Family: Ltmacodstfae (Cochliopodidae).

By Dr. M. Hering (Berlin).

1. Subfamily: Limacodinae.

In the forewing the radius sector is absent in the cell; there is therefore no vein proceeding from
costal edge of middle cell into the cell and same is only dissected by a simple intracellular vein or one that
is forked at the end. Tibiae of hind legs, at all events in the palaearctic species, always with terminal spurs.
In regard to the structural generic distinctions refer to the remarks in Vol. 10, p. 668. Larvae feed, as far
as is known, on vegetation.

1. Genus: Sco|>eIo<les Ww.

S. venosa Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 340). Whilst the indian subspecies has a black fascicular tip to palpi and
brown forewings, the south Chinese subspecies kwangtungensis Her., described in Vol. 10, p. 689, pi. 87 e, has
greyer forewings, hindwings with paler veins and pure white fascicular palpi. It penetrates into palaearctic
territory at Ta-tsiendu.

S. ursina Btlr. described in Vol. 10, p. 690, pi. 87 h, is a separate species, which is close to contracta
Walk. (Vol. 2, p. 340, pi. 50 b); the $ has paler brown forewings, the <$ has wider wings and is lai’ger. In
forewings it has a blackish longitudinal streak that extends almost to apex. I have a specimen captured
north of Peiping. The species is common in southern China and India.

2. Genus: Hyphorma Hbn.

H. minaxWkr. (Vol. 2, p. 340, pi. 50 b). The smaller southern Chinese — minor de Joann, differs from
the indian nomino subspecies in that the inner oblique line does not extend to inner margin, but termin¬
ates at hind wall of cell. It crosses into palaearctic territory at Ta-tsien-lu.

H. sericea Leech was described in Vol. 10, p. 691, pi. 87 i and in the $ has antennae pectinated right
to the tip (in the former species pectinations only extend %rds of length). Further in the former the sub¬
marginal line converges with the margin, whilst in this species it is parallel, both are edged outwardly by
leaden grey. It occurs in South China, but various specimens have been captured at Ta-tsien-lu.

2a. Genus: If atsitmuriries Her. (Hyphormoides Mats.)

Differing from Hyphorma by the antennae of the $ which are bipectinated to their extremity. Palpi
protrude twice the length of the head, their last segment being much shorter than the 2nd. In forewings
I — 9 are stalked, 10 from angle of cell, on hindwings 6 + 7 with long stalk.

H. okinawanus Mats. Forewings buff with blackish oblique parallel postmedian and submarginal bands,
the former being wider. Margin slightly duskily shaded. Hindwings of ground colour of forewings. Okinawa.
(I have not seen a specimen yet and so far it does not appear to have been captured on palaearctic territory.
Compare Vol. 10, p. 723.)

3. Genus: Microleon Btlr.

M. longipalpus Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 341, pi. 50 a). I have a specimen captured in the Ussuri region.

M. rubicundula Wil. (15 g). Head and thorax dark brown, abdomen grey. Forewings brown with large
black spot at base and a smaller one at close of cell. A black undulate line both before and beyond the
centre of wing and a further less distinct but similar line before the margin. Marginal fringes with black

Supplementary Volume 2 26

kwangtun¬

gensis.

minor.

sericea.

okinawa¬

nus.

rubicun¬

dula.

202 PHRIXOLEPIA; IRAGAODES; OXYPLAX; COCHLIDION; HETEROGENEA; MICROCAMPA. By Dr. M. Hering.

ochracea.

creticum.

obliqua.

suzukii.

corea no.

dots. Hindwings whitish grey with rosy hue. Underside of forewings rose, whitish towards inner margin.
Hindwings whitish, rose at costa and margin. Wing expanse 30 mm. Hondo, Japan in July. (I have no
specimen before me, the generic classification has not been checked.)

4. Genus: Plirixolepia Btlr.

P. nobilis Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 341, pi. 49 k) has been removed by Matsumura from this Genus and
placed in the following.

4a. Genus: Iragaodes Mats.

Palpi upcurved, 3rd segment half as long as the 2nd, touching the vertex. Antennae merely ciliate.
Forewings more truncate than preceding Genus, vein 6 arises below the upper angle of cell, 7 from a point
with 8 + 9 from a small accessory cell. In hindwings 8 anastomoses with the upper edge of cell to abt.
y3rd of cell, 3 and 4 are separate. Although I have not a specimen of the species before me, I feel inclined
to agree with Kawada, that the Genus belongs to the Noctuidae and this especially as in the related Genera,
there never is an accessory cell. Genero-type: I nobilis Stgr. A further species is described from Formosa.

4b. Genus: Oxyplax Hmps.

Antennae of bipectinated to the tip. Palpi of medium length, porrect, hind tibiae with 2 long pairs
of spurs. In forewings 10 is stalked with 8 + 9, 7 is separate, in hindwings 6 + 7 are stalked, 8 conjoined
with upper edge of cell at yjrd of its length.

0. ochracea Mr. Described in Vol. 10, p. 719, pi. 89 i. The pale ochreous brown forewing has an
oblique black central and white discal line, marginal area blackish grey. It is widely distributed over the indo-
malayan territory and penetrates into the palaearctic zone at Shanghai.

5. Genus: CloeSilidion Hbn.

O. codeti Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 341, pi. 50 a) is not confined to north Africa. I have before me 3 speci¬
mens from Lusitania.

C. creticum Bid. (15 h). Comes between limacodes and codeti, forewings generally devoid of markings,
differing from limacodes by its paler colouration and ochreous fringes which are brownish at the tips. It dif¬
fers from codeti by its grey hindwings. Wing expanse 24 mm. Crete in June.

6. Genus: Heterogeitea Knock.

H, obliqua Leech. Forewings dull buff bestrewn with brown scales. A straight dark brown line extends
from apex to near the base of inner margin, a more narrow dark brown submarginal line is present. Hind¬
wings dark grey with silky gloss. Head and thorax dull buff, abdomen darker. Underside yellowish with

darker mottlings. Wing expanse 30 mm. Chang-yang, Central China. (I have not seen a specimen and the
generic classification has not been checked.)

H. uncula Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 342, pi. 49 k) is placed by Kawada to the following Genus.

6a. Genus: Microcam jia Kawada.

In contrast to the previous Genus, hind tibiae with 2 pairs of spurs; on forewings 7 — 10 in the se¬
quence 10, 7, 8 + 9 on a stalk, 11 fairly straight; on hindwings 6 and 7 widely separate, 8 further removed
from cell than in former Genus. Genero-type: M. uncula Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 342, pi. 49 k).

M. uncula Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 342, pi. 49 k). I have specimens before me from the Ussuri region.

M. fulgens Leech (Vol. 2, p. 342, pi. 50 a). This is held by Kawada to be a genuine species.

M. suzukii Mats. Body whitish, forewings white clouded with dark yellow, base, antemedian, median

and postmedian lines remain paler, all slightly undulate above the inner margin, in centre of wings two
large black spots in place of the band of uncula. Hindwings unicoloured dark grey, fringes of both wings
yellowish. Underside of forewings grey, margins of the entire hindwing pale yellowish. Wing expanse
20 mm. Japan.

M. coreana Mats. Differing from the previous species in that the forewings are suffused with black¬
ish on outer side of close of cell. There are various darker black patches in and below same. The ante-
median and median lines are wider, only traces of the postmedian lines retained. A smaller species of 15 mm
expanse. Corea.

SUSICA; NAROSA ; ARBELAROSA; NATADA ; PHOCODORMA; MACROPLECTRA; IRAGOIDES. By Dr. M. Bering. 203

7. Genus: Stisica Wkr.

S. sinensis Wkr. (15 g) can be distinguished from the genuine pallida Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 342, pi. 49 k)
which occurs in India (Vol. 10, p. 706), by the more acute apex of forewings. These also are less glossy.

We are illustrating a specimen from South China, as the illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 49 k is indistinct. The species
was described from the North of China.

8b. Genus: \arosa Wkr.

Differing from Altha by the simple antennae of both sexes and also by veins 6 and 7 of hindwings,
which are widely separated.

N. culfa Btlr. Forewings pale rosy brown on upperside; an irregular olive coloured line near base, culta.
Beyond same is a wide irregular olive oblique discal band and parallel with same nearer the margin a simi¬
larly coloured transverse line. An oblique black spot just after the close of cell and above same 1—2 small
brown streaks. A wide olive transverse band in discal area which becomes indistinct towards the inner margin.

At margin there is a row of diffusing black dots. Hindwings pale silky brown, marginal line darker. Body
pale brown. Underside glossy grey-brown, hindwings glossy whitish, a dark crescent at disco-cellular and
there is an indistinct darker discal and marginal line. Underside of body whitish. V ing expanse 27 mm.

Japan. (I have not seen a specimen, nor has the generic classification been checked.)

N. edoensis Kawada. I have not been able to obtain a description of this species. Japan, China. edoensis.

N. pseudochraeea sp. n. (15 h). Is very similar to ochracea Her. (Vol. 10, p. 675, pi. 86 b) but is decid- pseudoch-
edly larger, forewings not ochreous brownish, but inclined to be a golden ochreous, the innei trans\erse line
projects in a white dentation towards the margin on vein 4 and at the tip of same there is a rusty coloured
dot. The outer transverse line is regularly curved outwards, whilst in ocliracea it bends inwards under the
costa. Hindwings similarly a paler golden yellow. Head paler than the ochreous body, inclined to pale yel¬
lowish. Underside brownish golden yellow, hindwings paler. Wing expanse 18 mm. Chung-kiang, West
China in August, + type in the Museum at Tring.

8c. Genus: Arfoelarosa Her.

In the S the antennae are pectinated at base. In hindwings veins 6 and 7 are separate. General
appearance reminds one of Arhelulae.

A. rufotesselata Mr. (Vol. 10, p. 677, pi. 86 c). Forewings ochreous with red transverse bands, which rufotesse-
are more or less dissolved into spots. At close of cell a bold brown spot. Hindwings and underside red.

This species which is widely distributed in India and South China penetrates into the palaearctic legion at
Ta-tsien-lu.

9. Genus: Natalia Wkr.

This Genus has no representative in the palaearctic region. The species classified in same in \ ol. 2,
p. 343 are now placed with the following 3 Genera.

9a, Genus: Phocodorma Btlr.

Antennae of shortly bipectinated. Palpi large, laterally impressed, central segment anteriorly with
tuft of hairs. Hind tibiae with 2 pairs of spurs. In forewings vein 7 on short stalk with 8 + 9, 10 widely
separated, 11 straight. In hindwings 6 + 7 on a stalk, 8 fusing near base with upper edge of cell and with
a small nervule to costa.

P. velutinum Kail. (Vol. 2, p. 343, pi. 50 a and Vol. 10, p. 720, pi. 90 a).

9b. Genus: Macro plectra Hmps.

Palpi long and porrect, not laterally compressed. Antennae of $ with long bipectinations ; in fore wings
vein 10 generally on a stalk with 8 + 9, 7 separated and fiee.

M. nararia Mr. (Vol. 2, p. 343, pi. 50 a and Vol. 10, p. 716, pi. 89 f).

9c. Genus: Iragoides Her.

Antennae of S with a single row of short pectinations, the 2nd being rudimentary. Palpi short and
porrect. In forewings vein 7 on a stalk with 8 + 9, 10 with the stalk from one point. On hindwings 6 + 7 on
a stalk, 8 anastomosing with the upper edge of cell near the base.

204

THOSEA; PRAESETORA. By Dr. M. Hering.

’ rpfl h ‘i Cr,Spa ®wh- ,(VoJ, 10> P- /09> P1- 88 h)- Compare Vol. 10 for description. Body brown with orange-
red dorsal line. Forewings brown, coarse grained with violet -grey transverse band from apex to Urd of inner

margin and a similar band at margin. Hindwings grey. India, also occurring in palaearctic regions.
Japan ^ Whr‘ (V°L 2’ P‘ 343’ pl 50 b and VoL 10> P- 709> Pp 88 i). Also occurs in Corea and

fasciaia • „ VL Mr- <15h>- described in Vol. 10, p. 709. Forewings bluish grey with reddish brown basal

, ea’ t^sco-celhdar spot and submarginal line. Hmdwmgs grey. Occurs in India, but also in the palaearctic
regions of China. (Similar to several Thosea species, which however have bipectinated antennae in <£)

I. thaumasta sp. n. ( 15 i) differing from the other species of this Genus by the shorter more truncate
or e wings , F°rewmgs violet -brown with violet blackish transverse line from y4ths of costa, over the disco-cellu-
lar o 3rd of inner margin On disco-cellular a jet black transverse streak with white interspersion on inner
side. It consists of white scales inwardly and black ones outwardly. Parallel with the margin is a more distinct
transverse line which is somewhat dentate outwardly and converges with the margin at anal angle Hind-
wmgs brown-grey. All fringes paler at termination of veins. Underside grey. End of thorax and base of ab-

domen each have an upright tuft of hair. Wing expanse 20 mm. Nanking, Province Kiang-su A type in
the State Museum at Berlin. 8 ° - 1

thaumasta

ram.

10. Genus: Thosea Wkr.

T. cana Wkr. has right of priority over T. transversata Wkr., (Vol. 2, p. 343. pl. 50 b).

T. tripartita Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 343) is illustrated in Vol. 10, pl. 89 c.

T. jasciata 31 1 . (Vol. 2, p. 343) is classified with the previous Genus.

i h]T- Wkr- (Vol. 2 p. 343, pl. 50 c and Vol. 10, p. 712, pl. 88 k) differs from laesa (Vol. 10,

pL 88 k)‘ The latter 1S smaller’ brewings with a brown tone. It is limited to the indo-malayan region
T. ran Swh Described in Vol. 10, p. 712, pl. 88 k and illustrated there. It differs from the preceding

species by the rounder forewings, somewhat curved postmedian line and always absent central spot on fore
wings. China. ^ c

aperiens‘ 9 , aperie"S Wkr- Described in Vol. 10, p. 711, pl. 88 k and illustrated there. Forewings olive with

- paler transverse lines that diverge considerably posteriorly. Occurs in India and Ceylon, but also at Tze-ku.

imitaMUs- T* imitabilis Her . Described and illustrated in Vol. 10, p. 713, pl. 89 c. It is similar to cana inner

teJutOTv 6 ^ mgS iS mU0h m°re °bli(1Ue’ the outer one is ^ite straight. Extends into palaearctic

plethoneura. T. plethoneura sp. n. (15 h). Closely resembles the preceding species, but is larger, the submarginal

lme of forewings is not straight but curved with dark shadow on inner side. Forewings brown with sight

reddish tinge, basal area obliquely defined, dark brown, a dark spot at disco-cellular, which is absent in the

Sr °7+ev the ®ent^e °f lnner margin a dark bailed patch, which forms an equilateral triangle
to the hind margin of the cell. Postmedian line curved, pale, expanding at the centre and with dark shade

on inner side Marginal area somewhat darker. Hindwings grey. Thorax brown, abdomen grey-black. Under-

S1C trg77p, • mg exPanse 28 mm- In a (J specimen vein 2 of hindwings is forked on both wings. Kiao-chui
m N. W. China. Type in the State Museum at Berlin. g

nitohcana- T; uitobeana Mats. Similar to the preceding species, forewings greyish with 2 blackish transverse

lines, the inner one interrupted and not extending to the costa, the outer one narrower, angulated between

a'specimen rf"hi!g & a°klSh Semicircle' Win§ exPanse 20 mm. Honsho, Japan, (f have not seen

T. suigensis Mats. Forewings dark grey with 3 darker transverse bands, the basal one triangular
forming a dark basal area. The central one is narrower, pointed towards the margins, very oblique °The
subterminal is straight terminating at anal angle. Hindwings dark grey. Abdomen with a slightly reddish
yellow tinge. Wing expanse 25 mm. Corea. (I have not seen a specimen of this.) § 7

CeratonInaRriCRa ^ ^ P’ M4)' ThiS species is classified by Kawada as C. butleri Raw. in the Genus

suigensis.

10a. Genus: Praesetora Her.

i i f ™eTin*irT the preCeding and subsequent Genera in that on the forewing vein 10 arises separa¬
tely from the stalk of 7 9. The antennae of $ are only pectinated in basal half. Compare Vol. 10, p. 711.

monogram- P. monogramiua sp. n. (15 h). Differs from other species of the Genus by having only the outer

transverse line present. Body and forewings are brown, the latter sparsely peppered with a few black scales,

SETORA; ANGELUS; CANIA; RHAMNOSA; MIRESA. By Dr. M. Herixg. 20y

a quite straight black transverse line from %rds of costa to anal angle. Hindwings dark grey. Underside
more brownish than forewings. Wing expanse 33 mm. Ta-tsiendu. $ type in the State Museum at Berlin.

10b. Genus: Setora Wkr.

Vein 10 on forewings on a stalk with 7—9. Antennae of only pectinated at base.

S. postornata Hmps. described and illustrated in Vol. 10, p. 710, pi. 88 i; forewings grey with dark voslornala.
curved transverse line with light outer edge and which extends from 73 r els of costa to y3rd of inner maigin.

A straight dark line extends from %rds of costa to anal angle. At its outer edge at anal angle a triangular glossy
coppery spot. In the form hampsoni Strd., the forewings are brown instead of grey. India, also occurring hampsom.

in Western China.

S. mongolica sp. n. (15 h) is distinguishable by the glossy coppery edge of the outer transverse line mongohea.
extending almost to costa and projecting in a hook outwardly of close of cell and towards outei maigin.

It differs from the similar southern Chinese suberecta Her. (Vol. 10, p. 710, pi. 90 f, g) by the purer giey gn>un<
colour of the forewings, the coppery band being narrower in centre and the distinct white outer edge of the
inner transverse line. Hindwings are grey without reddish tone. Wing expanse 23 mm. Ta-tsiendu. type
in the State Museum at Berlin.

10c. Genus: Augelus gen.

nov.

Generally speaking like Thosea in appearance, hind tibiae however without central spur. In the
classification of the Genera in Vol. 10 there is the Genus Dinawides from which the present Genus differs by
vein 8 of hindwings which only anastomoses for a short stretch. Palpi straightly porrect and of about the
size of the diameter of the eyes. Antennae of with long bipectinations right to the tip, terminal pectin¬
ations being shorter. Hind tibiae with long terminal spurs. In forewings veins 2—5 at regular intervals, on
a stalk with 8 + 9, 10 from a spot with the stalk, 11 opposite 2, intracellular vein simple. In hindwings
hind angle of cell only slightly projecting, 2—5 at regular intervals, 6 + 7 on a stalk, 8 fusing with upper

wall of cell near base. Genero-type: A. obscura He 1 . -,1117

A. obscura sp. n. (15 h). Body pale buff, underside darker, forewings silky ochreous yellow with dark obscura.

disco-cellular spot and immediately beyond same a brown oblique stripe that is concave inwardly. Him -
wings grey. All fringes dark grey with yellowish basal line and white tips. Underside of forewings dai
grey with ochreous costa. Hindwings pale buff. Wing expanse 24 mm. G type from Tze-ku in the State
Museum at Berlin.

11. Genus: Caiiia Wkr.

C bilinea Wkr (Vol- 2, p. 344, pi. 50 c). Of this species, which was dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 678, the
following two subspecies occur in palaearctic territory : robusta Her. ( 15 i) with a wing expanse of 30-38 mm. robusta.
The transverse lines of forewings do not converge on costa. From Siao-lu. pallida Her. is a small pale form -pallida.
with wider pale yellowish forewings and less rounded anal angle. From Tze-ku. In regard to the differences

in the genitalia see Vol. 10, p. 679. .

C. hatita Drc. Forewings pale buff, darker along costa. Two narrow brown transverse lines about m hahta.

the centre from costa to inner margin. Hindwings pale buff, body slightly darker. V mg expanse 3s mm.

China, Province Hunan.

11a. Genus: Rliamnosa Fixs.

Differing from preceding Genus by having the antennae of pectinated light to the extremity.
Forewings in perfect specimens with a scaly projection in centre of inner margin. Fringes of hindwings elong¬
ated at inner angle and darker. , n ,, rn •

R. angulata Fixs. (15 i). Placed in Vol. 2, p. 342 to the Cochhdion, differing from the southern C lnnese

kwanqtungensis Her. (Vol. 10, p. 679, pi. 86 f) by the paler yellow colour. ...

R. dentifera Her. <b Hopp. (15 i). Similar to the preceding species, but greyer, the two transveise dentiicra.

lines converging at costa, the outer one terminating on costa further from apex. Hindwings pale buff. Tsmgtao.

12. Genus: MIresa Wkr.

M. flavidorsalis Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 344, pi. 49 k) is now classified under Narosoideus Mats
M. flavescens Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 344, pi. 50 c) distinguishable by its long palpi, is now classified undei

Monema^' ^ ^ Desciibed and illustrated in Vol. 10, p. 682, pi. 90 b, distinguishable by the central fulgida

cell of forewings, which is filled with silvery scales, besides the silvery postmedian line and silvery triangular
spot. It is now also reported to occur in Japan besides in Formosa and S. C hina.

206

MIRESINA; MONEMA; NAROSOIDEUS; PARASA. By Dr. M. Herikg,

urga.

M. mummatsui Kawada. Description of this Japanese species was not available to me.

M. urga sp. n. (15 d). Is closest to the Indian argentifem (Vol 10 n 683 n on cl t„„ •

more elongate, apex more acute, anal angle more rounded; the postmedi^ s Ivery tra™ L doS £
ermniate before the apex, but actually at the apex; it is indistinctly double and not uZlate “nly faimh
uived outwaids. I he silvery marginal line is irregular, only widely silvery in centre of margin, otherwise
on v ( iscerni > e on costa before the apex. Ground colour generally somewhat paler brown hind margin of

um.e,°h r Wg Y ^ ° oo^ 1/3rd f16 yellowish §rey- Body bl'™n, head and thorax sulphur-yellow on

1 1 ' mg expanse 38 111111 • Siao-lu, $ and £ types in the State Museum at Berlin.

12a. Genus: Mfresina gen . nov.

, l Hin(l ,ihiae with terminal spurs. Palpi short, straightly porrect. Antennae of the c? bipectinated to
- ..rds of their length, thence with short pectinations to tip. All veins present, in forewings 4 and 5 arise
close together, 7 on a sta k with 8 + 9, 10 arising with same from a point or with short stalk T straSht
Ill hindwings rear angle of cell only projects slightly, 2 — 5 at regular intervals 6 1 7 on a Uslk’a " • • ,

with u,r wall of cel, before the centre of sanfe by an oblique* cross'

Lang-haasi. M. bang-haasi Her. Hopp (15 i). Body reddish brown. Thorax at posterior end and abdomen

base with upright tufts of hair. Hind tibiae with long fascicular scales. Forewings reddish brown with
an undulate whitish transverse line. It is rather indistinct, extends vertically from inner margin at Urd
of the wing. Towards the base it has a wide jet black edge and there is a round jet black spot above the
inner margin. A black dot at close of cell. Postmedian line is violet blackish, antemedian is Ibout parallel

sl^hXlLker af 7 ConYexlyan(l extends to aiial angle. The margin itself is pale dull yellowish

slightly daiker along its edge and again at anal angle. Hindwings dark grey, also the underside that of

Swings turning to yellowish in its outer areas. Ussuri territory and Mand churia. ’

12b. Genus : JflooM'msi Wkr. (Cnidocampa Mats).

nigra ns are auitfbtro 'l ^ \ *U’ pL 5° ^ °f ^ COmmon speci-> specimens occur rarely which

' 1 k’ °nly the extreme base remains yellow. They are denominated as f. nigrans de Joann. (15 i).

12c. Genus: Narosoirieus

Mats.

11 of Whi0h are pe0tinated *° tbe «P “d «“ boldly ourved vein

it a,.,o 49 k) (,5k>' We -<*** * f-h <* ~

N. fuscicostnlis Fixs (15 i). This is definitely a genuine species, which is distinguishable by the sul-

1laVlSSima • pPklir fllow gr0und Colo;ir of brewings. - f. flavissima form. nov. (15 k) varies strikingly from same It may

otbpr 0 \lSU pPuCleS' , °reW!ngS pale yellow’ 01lly darker rusty brown at costa. The markings, which are
wise blackish, are here only a richer yellow. Shantung in July. $ type in the British Museum.

13. Genus: Parasa Mr.

arctic te^"t“ilu ' % * **’ ^ M0) (VoL '#' P*' W,>‘ I“es ^ palae-

, ... N w I: lefa 0r ■ ,Vo1' 2;,P- 346> <™. 10. P. 86 b). The Indian subspecies extends as far as Japan In

V,duta ■ ?h W Ch““ rt ‘YTT 7 ~ P a mbsp- »• <15 k>- » <U«ers from the nomino subspecies by having
the inner edge of he brown marginal area of forewings very much more reduced towards the costa from

mnei margin. It therefore converges anteriorly much more closely with the marginal line. The inner edge

o , the rra ,aiP It T Tch “OTe 0blique' The dark basal spot of forewings is distinctly angulated
on the lnnd wall of cell and not rounded. Forewings are more elongate. Wing expanse 28—32 mm A type
from Tze-ku m the State Museum at Berlin. 6 ype

P. einica Mr. (hilarata Stgr .) (Vol. 2, p. 346, pi. 50 c) (15 k). In regard to this and the subsequent
species considerable confusion has prevailed and this has been cleared by the researches of Moons and his

bv 1 t ” °, 1leIyPeS;, SP“KS “'e therefore again being illustrated here, simea is distinguishable

bj the t w o dentations, that project towards the base in the inner edge of the brown margin of forewings
Hindwings yellow or grey. 6 b

P. hilar ula Stgr. (15 k). Marginal band of forewings more deeply concave in its inner edge than in the

oTgrey SPeC16S ^ Wlth °nly ° n e projecting dentation above the inner margin. Hindwings yellowish

LIMACOLASIA ; CONTHEYLOIDES ; TRICHOGYIA. By Dr. M. H eking.

207

P. pseudorepanda sp. n. (15 k). Very similar to the indian repanda (Vol. 10, p. 696, pi. 90 e), differing V»eudo^d(i
by the violet-brown basal spot of forewings, which does not decrease in size towards margin, but is widely
truncate and incurved above vein 12. The subterminal silvery line is parallel to the margin whilst in repanda
it converges with the margin towards the inner angle. Therefore in this new species the marginal area is
uniformly wide and also uniformly dusted with silvery scales. In the centre it is divided into two equal
parts by a darker transverse line. Thorax with a wide violet brown longitudinal band on upperside. On
underside of forewings the green area is extinct. Wing expanse 40—45 mm. <J and V types from Siao-lu
in the State Museum at Berlin, paratype from N. W. of Cheng-tu in the Museum at I ring.

P. bicolor Wkr. This species which is common in S. China is described in Vol. 10, p. 696, pi. 87 a. bicolor.

It has unicoloured green forewings and thorax, which are sometimes peppered with brown whilst hindwings
and abdomen are brown. It penetrates into palaearctic territory at Ta-tsien-lu.

P. prasina Alph. (15 k). This differs from the preceding species by a small brown basal spot on prasina.
forewings, green abdomen and hindwings. Ta-tsien-lu.

P. canangae Her. Described and illustrated in Vol. 10, p. 695, pi. 86 k. Body brown, collar and tegulae canangae.
green. Forewings green, costa finely brown, basal spot violet-brown covering half the cell on costa. Marginal
area very widely violet-brown, edged towards the base by darker lines which are indented twice. Hindwings
brown. Wings of shorter and less rounded. Wing expanse 18 to 30 mm. India extending to Ta-tsien-lu m
palaearctic region. — In India the larvae feed on Cananga oderata.

P. inexpectata Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 346) (15 k). We are giving an illustration of this species which is dealt
with in Vol. 2, p. 346. The specimen is from Syria.

13a. Genus: Limaeolasia Her.

Distinguished by the reduction of the bristle of the clasp. Antennae of the d with long bipectin¬
ations in basal half. Palpi hairy, short, concealed, hind tibiae with stunted terminal spurs. In forewings
vein 2 arises somewhat before centre of cell, 7 and 8 + 9 on a common stalk, anterior part of cell pressed
to the costa. In hindwings vein 8 bent forward at the extreme base, then anastomosing with the upper

GclSfC of Cell

L. dubiosa Her. Described and illustrated in Vol. 10, p. 698, pi. 87 c. Dull red-brown, wings thinly dubiosa.
scaled, veins darker. Rarely there is an indistinct transverse band over the close of cell. Y\ ing expanse
18 mm. In South China in some localities it is very common, occurring on palaearctic territory at Ta-tsien-lu.

14a. Genus: CoB«t!»eyl<»!«l4?s Mats.

Structurally resembling Contheyla (Vol. 10, p. 708), forewings more elongate, margin from apex to
vein 6 almost vertical to costa. In hindwings veins 6 and 7 widely separate.

C. bomnensis Mats. Forewings reddish yellow to brown, darkened with blackish at costa. In marginal boninensis.
area rather more greyish with a blackish transverse line that is forked on inner margin. Similar lines in
centre, also post and antemedian. Costa with a few black dots at apex. A yellow-brown spot at close ol
cell. Hindwings buff with blackish marginal dots. Wing expanse 34 mm. Bonin Islands. (I have not seen

a specimen of this species.).

14b. Genus: Trieliog-.yia- Hmps

8—10 on a stalk, 7 separated

cens.

Compare Vol. 10, p. 700. Antennae of simple. In forewing veins
therefrom. In hindwings 3 -j- 4 on a stalk, 6 and 7 separ ate.

T. bmnnescens sp. n. (15 1). In hindwings vein 3 + 4 arise from a single point. Forewings dullbrown. brunnes-
a grey-brown spot at i/3rd of inner margin. Disco-cellular outlined by a delicate dark crescent Beyond
same a dark brown transverse band that is curved outwards; it is interrupted below vein - and extern s
from there only as a wide line to inner margin. Fringes with ochreous basal line and dark spots. Hindwings
somewhat paler. Fringes as in forewings, darker at anal angle. Underside of forewings grey-brov n, of urn -
wings dull pale buff. Body grey-brown. Wing expanse 17 mm. type from Omei-shan m June, July at
an altitude of 1200 m. Type in the British Museum.

T circulifera sp n (15 i). Body and forewings brownish buff . Forewings with a brown crescent mark drcuUjera.
on disco-cellular, which mark extends in 2 arcs to of inner margin, where it expands to a heavy spok

In discal area before the apex there is an almost circular olive-grey spot from which a dark zigzag hire vith h
edge extends to the inner margin. Traces of a paler and darker line are sometimes visi > e piocett mg
the marginal edge of the circular spot to anal angle. Hindwings somewhat angulated at 1 c, dark
yellowish buff fringes. Underside brownish buff, costa of forewings duskily greyish hindwings pale oclneous.

Wing expanse 23 mm. type from Kwanhsien, China in August. Type m the British Museum.

208

CERATONEMA; BIETIA ; EPIPYROPS; EPIPOMPONIA. By Dr. M. Hering.

14c. Genus: Ceratonema Hmps.

( Compare Vol. 10, p. 698. Close to the preceding Genus, but on hindwings veins 3 and 4 arising sepa¬
rately from the cell.

C. sericeum Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 344). Kawada introduces the name G. butleri Kaw. for this species, which

seems to be superfluous. The species appears to be very near to the indian C. retractatum Wkr (Vol 10 n 698
pi. 87 d). ’ 1 ‘ ’

C. imitatrix Ihr. Described and illustrated in Vol. 10, p. 699, pi. 87 d. Forewings olive brown, basal
area grey-black. A dark patch from centre of inner margin obliquely to close of cell and above same a smaller
inner and a larger outer dark patch. A pale subterminal line that curves outwards, from 3/4ths of costa to
anal angle At base a silvery white dot. Hindwings blackish. — Reminds one strongly of Heterogenea dentata
Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 342, pi. 49 k), especially on account of the silvery spot at base. In the latter however
vein 7 arises towards the base in the forewing, in this species however it arises towards the base from 10.
An indian species that however also occurs in China.

14d. Genus: ISictia Oberth.

Hind tibiae with long terminal spurs, all legs with long hairs. Palpi short, closely pressed to body.
Antennae of J bipectmated to centre, then serrate. In forewings vein 6 arises from centre of disco-cellular,
7 ,Ylth 8 + 9 on a short stalk, 10 with a stalk from a point, 11 straight. In hindwings the hind angle of
cell projects strongly, 6 + 7 with long stalk, 8 conjoined with costa by a cross vein. Only differing from
Belippa and Gheromettia by a pair of tibial spurs.

, B* xanth°Pus Oberth. (151). Blackish, legs with pale sulphur -yellow coloured hairs, anal tuft ochreous.
Wings hyaline, only costa and marginal fringes black, inner margin black to 1 c. Ta-tsien-lu. Very rare.
We are illustrating the type, the only specimen so far known, in the State Museum at Berlin.

2. Subfamily: Epipyropinae.

libial spurs are absent, m fore wing from upper edge of central cell, a branch arises that separates
an anterior portion of same. The larvae live, as far as is known on Homoptera and feed on their waxy
secretions. J

anomala

scliawerdai.

1. Genus: I^pipyrops Ww.

In hindwings veins 7—8 are present, in forewings veins 7 and 8 separate, in hindwings vein 8 free.

E. anomala Ww. Of brown colouration, dusted with white in places, a row of whitish spots on

costa of fore wings, that at apex being the largest. Similarly a row of whitish spots on margin. Hindwings

blackish, fringes whitish. Wing expanse 30 mm. — Larvae on the Cicade Pyrops candelaria, China.

E. scliawerdai Zerny. I he first Epipyropine found in Europe ! Forewings with acute apex, faintly
glossy, coarsely scaled, grey-black, a few of the scales larger and darker. Underside of all wings’ as the
upperside, less coarsely scaled. Antennae with short bipectinations. 11 pairs of pectinations. In 'forewings

10 veins arising separately from cell, hindwings with 5 free veins from the cell, vein 8 free. Wing expanse

1 1 mm. It occurs at Albarracin in Aragon in August and was captured at light.

2. Genus: Kpipompoisia Dyar.

Like the previous Genus, in hindwings vein 8 conjoined with the anterior wall of cell by a connecting vein

E. tiawai Dyar. Unicoloured black, forewings with irregular rows of metallic blue scales Wing ex¬
panse 22 mm. Japan. °

Pull. 24. VI. 1933.

Index and references to the original descriptions of palaearctic Limacodidae.

209

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of palaearctic Limacodidae enumerated in Supplementary Volume 2.

* denotes that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

anomala Epip. Ww. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 176. *
aperiens Thos. Wkr. List Lep. Het. B. M. 32 (1865), p. 476.

bang-haasi Miresin. Her. & Hopp, Horae Macrolep. 1 (1927),
p. 83. *

bicolor Par. Wkr List Lep. Het. B. M. 5 (1855), p. 1142.
boninensis Couth. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 5 (1931), p. 104. *
brunnescens Trich. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p.207. *

canangae Par. Her. Seitz Macrolep. 10, p. 695. *
circulifera Trich. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 207.*
coreana Microc. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 5 (1931), p. 108. *
creticum Cochl. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1906, p. 236.
crispa Iragoid. Swh. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 409. *
culta Naros. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 4 (1879), p. 356.

dentifera Rhamn. Her. & Hopp Ilor. Macrolep. 1 (1927),

p. 82. *

dubiosa Limacol. Her. Seitz Macrolep. 10, p. 698.

edoensis Naros. Kaw. Journ. Imp. Agric. Exp. Sta. Nishiga-
hara 1 (1930), p. 252. *

fasciata Iragoid. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 403.
flavissima Narosoid. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 206.
fulgida Mires. Wil. Entomologist 43 (1910), p. 192.

hampsoni Set. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 82 A. 2 (1922), p. 89.
hatita Can. Drc. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18 (1896), p. 236.

imitabilis Thos. Her. Seitz Macrolep. 10, p. /13. *
imitatrix Cerat. Her. Seitz Macrolep. 10, p. 699. *

kwangtungensis Scop. Her. Seitz Macrolep. 10, p. 689 *.

lepidula Par. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 206. *

minor Hyph. de Joann. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 99 (1930), p. 569.
mongolica Set. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 205. *

monogramma Praeset. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 204. *
muramatsui Mires. Kaw. Journ. Imp. Agr. Exp. St. Nishiga-
hara 1 (1930), p. 246. *

nawai Epipom. Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 6 (1904), p. 19.
nigrans Monem. Joann. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1901, p. 251.
nitobeana Thos. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 5 (1931), p. 107. *

obliqua Heter. Leech, Entomologist 23 (1890), p. 83.
obscura Ang. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 205. *
ochracea Oxyp. Mr. Lep. Ceylon 2 (1883), p. 129. *
okinawanus Mats. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 5 (1931), p. 104. *

pallida Can. Her. Seitz Macrolep. 10, p. 679.
plethoneura Thos. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 204.*
postornata Set. Hmps. Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 13 (1900),
p. 231.

prasina Par. Alph. Ent. Z. Iris 8 (1895), p. 186.
pseudochracea Naros. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 203. *
pseudorepanda Par. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 207. *

rara Thos. Swh. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 408. *
robusta Can. Her. Seitz Macrolep. 10, p. 679.
rubicundula Microl. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911 , p. 349. *
rufotesselata Arbelar. Mr. New lnd. Lep. 1 (1879), p. 73.

schawerdai Epip. Zerny Verh. Zool. -Pot. Ges. Wien 79 (1929),
p. (36). *

sericea Hyph. Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1899, p. 100.
sinensis Sus. Wkr. List Lep. Het. B. M. 7 (1856), p. 1759.
suigensis Thos. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 5 (1931), p. 107. *
suzukii Microc. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 5 (1931), p. 108. *

thaumasta Iragoid. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 204.

urga Mires. Her. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 206. *

xantliopus Biet. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 3 (1909), p. 408. *

2 l

Supplementary Volume 2

PSYCHIDAE. By Dr. Eugen Wehrli.

211

22. Family: Psychidae.

Not much is to be added to the exhaustive descriptions of this family given by Prof. Dr. Seitz m
Vol. 2, p. 351 etc. and Vol. 14, p. 481 etc.

Burrows has sought to solve the question of the inter-relationship of the Psychidae and the other
lepidopteral families (and Phryganidae) chiefly by means of anatomical examinations and comparisons of the
^ genitalia. His researches covered Phryganidae, Lymantriidae, Tineidae, Hepialidae, Limacodidae, Heterogynidae,
Drepanidae and Zygaenidae. (The Entomologist’s Record, Vol. XXXVI, No. 6, 7 and 8.) He was not successful
in establishing any closer relationship with the families named on anatomical grounds, but he assumes that,
should a link be discovered, this will probably be with the nearest Tineidae.

As already indicated in Vol. 14, according to recent observations also the larvae of the $ of most
of the Psychidae turn round in the sac shortly before changing to a pupa. Thus the head would face the
free aperture in a similar way to that described of the larva. In others however, as for instance m the
Genus Gochliotheca, such an inversion of the larva does not as yet appear to have been observed. The imago
emerges from the pupa case 'through an opening in the centre of the 2nd spiral of its sac, which is shaped
like a spiral snail shell. The S pupal integument has often been found protruding from such opening after
the emergence so that half the empty pupa is hanging out at the side of the sac and not from the extremity
of same. From the position of such an integument of a $ pupa, the caudal extremity of which is directed in
the sac towards the adhering end, it seems highly likely that the larva had turned round m the sac be oie
pupation. In this Genus also therefore an inversion of the larva before pupation seems to occur.

Jones has proved most convincingly by means of his very instructive illustrations and specimens,
which he had prepared by a special method, that in an Acanthopsychidae, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw.
(Transact. Amer. Entomol. Soc. Vol. LIII, p. 293) and also in other species where the $? remain in the sac
with their head towards the free end, with the pupal integument also in this position, that copulation actually
thus takes place with the Its accordion-like abdomen penetrates deeply into the sac and into the pupal
integument until it reaches the Ductus bursae. According to his observations a $_can pair with several Jp,
a with 2 the $ then lays the eggs in the integument of the pupa by means of its ovipostor, a procec me,
which some authors seem to dispute. This would appear however to be without justification. Only after the pupal
integument has burst open (before pairing), the $ exercises attractive powers for the <$.

Of the greatest possible interest in this family of the Psychidae, is the question of parthenogenesis.
Since the publication of the 2nd Volume some important researches have been canned through and of these
we must mention particularly the fundamentally thorough experiments and observations of Dr. Seiler.
Unfortunately his premature death brought an abrupt end to his work. His labours were chiefly devoted
to the socalled Micropsychidae, but they show remarkable analogies with species of the Psychidae group
with which we are dealing heie and they especially enable us to understand better and realise the part len
genetical biology of such species as Gochliotheca crenulella Brd v. helix Sieb.

Seiler’s line of research started from his discovery of the fact that m Tahaepona tubulosa Rtzs. ) ne
proportion in the numbers of $$ as compared with those of the $$, varied very considerably in ioca i res
that were widely separated. He found for instance in Liegnitz a considerable preponderance of <J<J, 1 * • - ■ o>

at Wannsee the $$ outnumbered the 100 ? : 72 According to this, even allowing for an uneven
infestation by parasites etc, the unequal proportion of the sexes cannot be due to mere chance and one ca
assume that in the embryo state certain factors have exercised a deciding influence on the determination

*) Archive for Cell Research 1920, Vol. XV, 3. Part, p. 249.

212

PSYCHIDAE. General Remarks. By Dr. E. We sell

the sexes. His experiments and investigations led him to examine the following factors: overripeness of the
ova, which produced a large preponderance of influences of temperature, raising same to 37°, which had
the same influence as overripeness; lowering the temperature to 5° which produced a preponderance of

Seiler then turned his attention to 2 Solenobia species, triquetrella Fisch.-Rbs. and pi net i Z. Of the
former of these Hoffmann (compare Dissert. Erlangen 1859, p. 42 etc.) had already ascertained bisexual,
as well as parthenogenetical propagation. In regard to the latter, bisexual homogenousness had been suspected
with the parthenogenetical lichenella L. The parthenogenetical form of triquetrella is found widely distributed
and not rarely in central Europe, whilst the bisexual form is only known from a few isolated localities such
as, for instance, Reichswald near Erlangen, where Hoffmann had already discovered it. Seiler was able to
confirm this isolated and sporadic appearance of the bisexual form reminding one of the case of the bisexual
Cochliotheca crenulella Brd. It has proved impossible to discover any anatomical differences in the $$ of the
two sex forms of the same species, nor is there apparently any difference in their sacs. On the other hand
Hoffmann was able to observe very interesting differences in their biological conduct. Whilst the freshly
emerged parthenogenetic $ begins almost immediately with ovipositing without waiting for the pairing,
showing meanwhile no inclination whatever towards the Edl, the bisexual ^ on the contrary reposes in ex¬
pectancy of the with ovipostor ex-tended on the sac. Should no copula take place, it dies after abt. 8 days
and only very rarely and cpiite exceptionally deposits a few eggs, which have however proved infertile. The
parthenogenetic $ only enters into a pairing with a quite immediately on emergence and before the com¬
mencement of ovipositing (Hoffmann) or if same is artificially prevented (Seiler).

In Solenobia pineti Z. conditions are somewhat different than in the preceding, as this fairly common
species occurs for instance in north Germany about in an equal proportion of 1^:1 $; in localities further
south where it occurs, the proportions in the sexes change to the disadvantage of the For instance

in Nuremberg it is said to be 2—3 $$ : 1 however in Munich it is as disproportionate as 23 $2:1
According to Seiler *) a condition here arises in which the number of £3 cannot possibly suffice to fertilise
all the $$ and to this he ascribes the commencement of parthenogenesis. Such influences as for instance the
decimation of the by parasites etc. do not seem to be a decisive factor. Seiler there discovered also a
parthenogenetic race of S. pineti Z. which was propagating and identically as with S. lichenella L., which
0. Hoffmann had already suspected to be a parthenogenetical form of pineti. It conducts itself biologically
just like the parthenogenetical $$ of S. triquetrella. Hartmann succeeded in bringing through 8 generations
and exclusively bred $$. Seiler assumes that these Solenobiae are about to evolve from the more ancient
bisexual propagation to the more recent parthenogenetical.

It would certainly not be permissible to generalise from the particular and assume that what was
happening in the propagatory biology of the Solenobiae would apply to other species of the Psychidae Genera.
Nevertheless one would be justified in thinking it possible that analogous circumstances prevail in regard to
our Cochliotheca crenulella Brd. and its var. helix Sieb. By this we mean that the parthenogenetical form
S. lichenella L. of the parthenogenetical race helix, would correspond to the bisexual pineti of the bisexual
(■ . nenulella, so that helix would not, as has so often been done, be considered a separate species, but
only a parthenogenetical tribe (or race) of crenulella. It is of the very greatest importance that the propagatory
biology of crenulella and helix be also subjected to most thorough and exacting experiments and research in
the same painstaking and careful way as with the Solenobiae. Possibly similar results would be achieved as
Seiler had with l. tubulosa Rtzs. At all events the influence of temperature should be experimented with
in regard to the determination of the sexes and their proportion to one another.

In legal d to the systematic classification, as this is a Supplementary Volume, only few changes have
been made. Of the Genus Epichnopterix only the small reticulate species have been separated as a Section:
Whittleia Tutt. The discovery that in the whitish species of the Genus Rebelia with their whitish fringes, the
most impoitant characteristic, the tibial spine of the forelegs, is absent, has made their separation into a
Subgenus Leucanacanthia necessary.

Similarly only very few alterations have been made in the nomenclature. The author himself withdrew
the Genus Apterona Mill, as it was proved to be unjustified and had only been introduced into literature
owing to a misconception. The species are now embodied under the Genus Cochliotheca Rmb., which is generally
held to be correct. In the first instance Rambur had demonstrated ad oculos to Milliere and convinced him
that his aiguments for the creation of a new Genus were untenable and later v. Siebold in his Parthenogenesis
had also entirely refuted same and exposed the erroneousness of the alleged generic characteristics. Sub¬
sequently Pfngeler and the present editor had refused to recognise same in various publications. On
the othei hand I could not bring myself to replace names that have been current in literature for over 50 years
and which are known to every entomologist, such as Scioptera Rmb., Hyalina Rmb., R. plumella H.-Schdff.,
by new denominations merely for purely pedantical nomenclature! reasons.

*) Zeitschr. f. induct. Abstammungs- und Veretbungslehre, Bd. XXXI, 1923.

ACANTHOPSYCHE ; PACHYTHELIA. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

213

I have made a point of trying to collect as much biological matter as possible for my task and will
seek to transmit same. Unfortunately really useful observations and details of these small and unfortunately
so insignificant creatures are only to be sparsely found in entomological literature. May I take this oppor¬
tunity to appeal to our expert professional and amateur breeders to pay greater attention to this “entomo¬
logical step-child”. It is an unusually interesting family and many problems of its biology still have to be
solved and this can only be done by thorough and painstaking observation and careful and extensive breeding,
for which unfortunately at the present moment, I have not the available time.

b. Subfamily: Psychinae (Vol. 2, p. 354).

3. Genus: Acaiitliopsyclie Heyl.

A. atra L. (Vol. 2, p. 354, pi. 55 a). This species flies at midday in the sunshine on sunny slopes in atra.
the mountains and in woods on hillsides. According to Vorbrodt it occurs up to 1800 m altitude. Time of
emergence is given as the morning and afternoon. The <$ casing is found spun up nearer the ground than that
of It is often found on grasses, scrub and rocks, whilst the $ casing is met with on tree-stems, fences,
hedges etc. from the end of April. It occurs at lower altitudes from April onwards, in the mountains however
up to July. — We are now giving an illustration of senex Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 354) (14 g).

A. zelleri Mn. (Vol. 2, p. 355, pi. 55 a). This species occurs at Granada and on the west coast of the zelleri.
Continent. I have 3 specimens in my collection ex coll. Trautmann. Vorbrodt says it occurs at Locarno
in southern Switzerland. Milliere’s indication that it occurs at Plaisia, Jura, France will therefore in all
probability be correct.

A. orophila Wrli. (14 g [<J type]). <J. In general shape and appearance like A. atra L. (Vol. 2, p. 354, orophila.
pi 55 a) but larger. Wing expanse 20 — 21 mm against 17 mm. Antennae as in atra, pectinations longer towards
the tip, cilia also longer. Thorax and abdomen more frail, thinner, hairiness similar. Forewings more elongate,
semitransparent like the hindwings, blackish with distinct neuration. In contrast to atra, veins 4 and 5 of both
wings on a short stalk, length of which is variable, neuration otherwise like atra. Fore-tibiae with very long
spine ^ sac and early stages unknown. Kutscha mountains in the eastern Thien-shan at an altitude of 3500 m
in July.' — A. himalayana Moore (Vol. 2, p. 355) differs by the forked intracellular nervule of the cell of
both wings, as well as by the presence of vein 6. — A. inquinata Led. (Vol. 2, p. 355, pi. 55 a) is smaller,
more densely scaled and according to Lederer s illustration, veins 4 and 5 are not stalked, although this
is mentioned in Vol. 2 in connection with the hindwing.

A. iliensis Wrli (14g type]). This is a smaller species of barely 14,5 mm expanse from the Hi iliensis.
territory. ’ Head and body with moderately long hairs, dark black-brown. Wings grey, transparent, heavily
black at base, opaque area reaching on forewings to y3rd with oblique fairly straight line of demarkation,
on hindwings to %rds to the anal angle. A fairly large dark lnnule on forewing. Costa and fringes darker
blackish. Can easily be distinguished from Oeceticoides nigraplaga Wil. and bipars Wkr. by the neuration and
the differently outlined dark areas. Compare illustrations in Vol. 2, pi. 56 g. Whilst veins 4 and 5 in iliensis
are widely separated from the cell, in the other species these veins are stalked on both wings.

5. Genus: fi*acliytlielia

Ww.

P. villosella 0. (Vol. 2, p. 356, ill. 55 a). This species is found in the west, far into the Spanish penin- villosella.
sular, southwards to Sicily. From the latter locality I have 5 somewhat darker from Taormina Monte
Venere, captured 5-7 June. It also occurs at Leghorn and is mentioned from Corsica. According to \ OR-
BRODT it occurs on sunny slopes in mountainous territory to an altitude of 1900 m, flying about in the
morning sun up to the middle of July. It is said however to emerge m the afternoon and evening of the
day preceding the flight. According to Klimesch (Linz) the casings are found on trees, posts etc and fixer
higher up than those of the ??.- The grey form cinerella Dup. (Vol. 2, p. 356), occurs according to Vorbrodt <nnerella.
(5th Supplement), at Maroggia. He also has a remarkably large, similarly grey <J captured on 1-th July 19-3
at Gampel in the Loetschental in the Valais. This should probably also be classified here.

P. unicolor Him. (Vol. 2, p. 356, pi. 55 a). This has been observed westwards to Aragon, hut probably umcotor.
penetrates as far southwards as’ the preceding species. Curo mentions that it occurs hi Corsica. In the warm
southerly valleys and the Valais, it occurs up to an altitude of 2000 m. It flies in warm sunny places m
open forest land, chiefly towards the evening, but also m the early morning in June/ July Accoi cling
the observations of Ratzow (Liibeck), the moths emerge at any time of the day or night, but the Light < s
place only towards the evening and in the morning. At Bellinzona in the Tessin, where the species is common,

I found a casing which was covered with tiny pieces of papei on a fence ncai a i< n. t .

214

AMICTA; HY ALINA. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

C. asiatica Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 356, pi. 55 a). This species occurs on Saghalin and I have a small spe-
cimen measuring only is mm from inhere. It is coloured like a $ unicolor. Stotzner brought back specimens
oi this species from Wassekou and Kwanhsien (China).

7. Genus: Amicta Heyl.

qUadraSs. ri /VA; fadr^§u,aris Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 357) (14 g). This is certainly a separate species from A. marina

Avg (Vol. -, p. 3o7). The wing contour is entirely different: hindwings have a much more acute apex and

the outer margin is almost straight, whilst in murina it is regularly rounded and the apex is much more
ti uncate. quadrangular is has almost transparent wings with black scales dispersed over the upper surface of
forewings and appressed on costa and along the veins, murina has almost opaque wings with brownish scales
In the former the posterior 2/3rds of the abdomen are black to black-brown, whilst in the latter same are
completely buff with pale grey-yellow to whitish hairs. What is generally classified in collections as quadran-
nugrescens. gulans from Palestine = murina, the former not yet having been ascertained there. nigrescens Stgr. (Vol. 2.

p. 357, pi. 55 a), which Rothschild, as with quadrangularis , classifies to murina (Nov. Zool. XX, p. 134), should
also be classified with quadrangularis, in spite of the similarity in the sac. It is certainly a form of the
latter with completely black abdomen and blackish transparent wings having the same wing contour as
can be seen from the illustration in Vol. 2 (pi. 55 a) which is quite good and a comparison will show' the differen¬
ces from murina albescens (pi. 55 b).

albescens. A. murina King, albescens Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 357, pi. 55 a) (14 g). This is a somewhat paler form of

murina. It is a genuine 'species and separate from quadrangularis (compare what was written there as to the dif-

mauretani- ferences). — mauretanica Rothsch. (14g) described from Bou-Saada, Algeria, It has almost opaque wings
c«- which are coloured a uniform bluish grey, as are also the head, antennae and body. The larva feeds on
Retama raetam and has a yellowish grey head with minute black lines, yellow-grey spotted legs. The 1st
segment has no markings, the 2nd to 6th narrow black bands, the 7th to 11th wide black bands. On the
5th and 6th these are followed by black spots. It has been captured on 10th September at Hassi-baaba
m ugust/September in Algeria, in October at Guelt-es-Stel. The race seems to be somewhat smaller than
murina, wing expanse 18-20 mm. — lefevrei Obertli. (15 a) appears to be a somewhat larger moroccan race
of mauretanica. Captured at light in August at Timhadit, $ sac and early stages unknown.

A. caucasica B.-H. (14 h [Cotype]) from Elisabethpol in the Caucasus, has a considerable expanse
of -8— 29 mm. Ground colour a reddish grey-black, similar to that of Pachytelia villosella 0. Otherwise similar

to A lutea (Vol. 2, p. 3o7, pi. 55 b), forewings wider, inner angle rounder. The veins are whitish but fringes
are darker than ground colour, the apices faintly paler. Head, antennae and pectinations, thorax and very
elongate abdomen are all of the same shade as the wings. The penis protrudes prominently. $ sac and
early stages unknown. The neuration in my 2 paratypes varies in that in the one on both forewings veins

7 + 8 + 9 are stalked, in the other 7 on a long stalk, whilst 8+9 arise from a point. In both on all
wings 4 + 5 are stalked.

taurica. A. taurica Wrli. (14 g [<J type]) reminds one in general appearance most of +. febretta Boyer (Vol 2,

p. 358; pi. 55b gives quite a wrong impression); it is somewhat smaller and more compact than same- wing-
expanse 19-21 mm, as compared with 23-25 mm. Head pale yellowish white, vertex, collar, thorax laterally
and the very long hairs at base of wing, all pale buff, the posterior part of thorax and anterior part of ab¬
domen pale grey, everything else grey-brown. Body paler than febretta. Antennae similar to those of same but
darker, shaft yellow-grey, the long pectinations grev-black, not light brownish as in the former The lono-
spine on f lie fore tibiae only extends slightly beyond the distal end, just as in febretta and not nearly so long as in
armena In the latter the apex of forewings is more pointed and the outer margin more oblique. Ground
colour of taurica is dark grey, the forewings somewhat lighter than armena, darker towards base, hindwings as
dark as those of febretta. The scaling is dark grey, whilst in the latter it is brownish to blackish Costa and
fringes are darker than the surface of the wings, fringes glossy. Underside dark grey, darker than upperside.
Neuration as febretta. The $ is only known in the dried state, it is brown and is similar to that of febretta,
but m contrast to same, the head and anterior parts are black ventrally. The $ sac is also similar, decorated
with coarser grass stalks and more irregularly, 10 mm wide, 35 mm long. 3 ++ 1 $ from Marash, Taurus,
JNortk Syria m August/September at an altitude of 600—900 m; the larvae in June.

febretta. A. febretta Boyer (Vol. 2, p. 358; pi. 55 b which certainly does not represent a febretta which lias quite

a different wing contour and a different colour) (14 h). We are giving a fresh illustration.

lefevrei.

caucasica.

b. GenilS: Hyalilta Rmb. (Deuterohyalina Dalla- Torre) .

albida ■ H- albida Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 358, pi. 55 c). According to Vorbrodt (5tli Supplement), is frequently captured

on the wing in day time at Geneva, around the base of the Grand Saleve, Vallon de Versoix, Thoirv, Monne-

OREOPSYCHE. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

215

tier, Bois de Veyrier and has also been frequently bred from the casings that have been found. It occurs
end of May, early June. The sacs are found on Lotus and Artemisia campestris.

H. zabefh Le Cerf, from Oulmes, Morocco, in April, has for the main part black hairing on upper and zabeth.
undersides of thorax with very little admixture of white. The black hairy scalings of wings are denser, deeply
shading over the outer half, costa and margin of forewings. Hindwings more widely black; fringes, especially
of hindwings are longer and black to inner angle. Wing expanse 18 mm. Described from 2

9. Genus: Oreopsyche Spr.

0. tabanivicinella Brd. (Vol. 2,p. 359, pi. 55 c) is found in the Valais, in the main valley of the Simplon, tabanivici-
in the Laquin valley, Saastal, Glacier de Trient and also in the Pyrenees. — The larvae are full fed in June;
the moth emerges in July, later than in South France (May and June).

0. biroi Rbl. (Vol. 2, p. 359). According to Schawerda, this species also occurs in Herzegowina, at biroi.
the top of the Orjen (altitude 2000 m) and on the Trebevic in Bosnia. He describes the sac as being of the
size of that Ph. graslinella Bsd., narrower, rather more loosely built and also more loosely covered with
particles.

O. leschenaulti Stgr. colossa A. B.-H. (14 h [<$ type]) from North Portugal is distinguishable by its colossa.
larger size, 18 — 20 mm as against 15 — 17 mm expanse. Further the colour of all wings and the body is
slightly purer white, which is nothing like the dark black-grey colour of the var. nigricans Stgr. (14 h [cotype] nigricans.
and Vol. 2, p. 360, pi. 55 d) from Castile, with which the only resemblance is the almost unicolourous black
antennae. Also the sac is much larger 24 mm against 17 — 20 mm on the name form. In the 6 includ¬
ing the original one, the wings are much more glossy, the shape of the forewings is different, the apex
being much more acute, so that colossa would rather appear to be a separate species.

0. desertorum Trti. (14 h type]). Nominated from a A that is now before me. The specimen was desertorum.

captured in nature, has flown and is slightly damaged on the right wing. However it certainly shows certain
specific differences from 0. pyrenaella H.-Schaff. (Vol. 2, p. 359, pi. 55 c *) and kahri Led. (Vol. 2, p. 359, pi.

55 c) with which it is doubtless closely related. Forewings 8 mm. The antennae are bipectinated with fascicles
to their extremity, but they are shorter than in the species referred to, the long pectinations are stouter
and shorter, densely ciliate, blackish, especially at the base they are adorned with white hairy scales. The
black-brown body is frailer than in the related species, with knotty hairs, grey fascicles of hairs on the top
of head and laterally on the thorax. Easily distinguishable from allied species by the different shape of fore¬
wings, which are transparent, faintly brownish black with more acute apex and straighter margin. The cell
has a more rounded outer wall than the others, it is not so large as shown on Turati’s illustration 4. There
are 9 marginal nervules. The somewhat folded hindwing appears to be narrower, the general outline being
not definitely clear. Early stages unknown. Ain-Mara, Cyrenaica.

0. angustella H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 360) (14 h). bicolorella Bsd. (Vol. 2, p. 360, pi. 55 b) (= mon- angustella.
caunella Chapm., sec. Heylaert’s certissime, Ann. Soc. Beige., L., 1906, p. 97) occurs in the Pyrenees and bicolorella.
neighbouring districts of Spain, where it is occasionally very common locally, flying in the morning sunshine
between 8 and 10 a. m. in June/July in altitudes of 1500 — 1800 m and around plants of Genista purgans.

The form varies considerably in colouration and is connected to angustella by transitions. The original specimen,
which is neither perfect nor well preserved emanates from Spain. — So also does nioncaunella (15 a) which moncaunel
differs from bicolorella, according to Chapman, by its larger size, length of wings being 10 mm, by the
more intensive yellow-red tip of abdomen, which contrasts brightly with the black anal tuft and the greatei
constancy of the colouration, in comparison to bicolorella, which varies more and is not so extensively coloured
reddish. Hr the original description comparison was only made with muscella. It was caught between 14th
and 24th July at an altitude of 1500—2000 m on the Sierra de Moncayo on the boundary of Castile, Ara¬
gon and Navarra, scarcely 100 km west of the Pyrenees in Spain.

0. plumifera valesiella Mill. (Vol. 2, p. 360) (14 h). According to Vorbrodt the sacs have been found to valesiella.
an altitude of 3200 m. It flies from June to beginning of August in the early morning in the sunshine in
Canton Valais, Bern, Switzerland, but only in alternate years. Stager describes the ova as pale yellow,
no definite structure, smooth, roundish polyedrous, singly, as well as, as a whole embedded in the wool
of the abdomen of $, in each sac abt. 80 ova. The larvae, the eyes of which can be observed as minute
dots in the ova when about to issue forth, feed on sunny, dry, rather barren mountain meadows, mainly on
thyme, but also on many other xerophagous low plants, sometimes occurring in immense numbeis. The
complete metamorphosis takes 2 years. For further details as to the biology see Stager, Zeitschiift f. viss.
Insektenbiologie , 1924, p. 131, 163, 181, 216; valesiella is distributed widely in mountainous districts at from
1200 m altitude. I have also received same from the central Pyrenees, the Urals and captured same in
quantities in the Vosges at abt. 1300 m altitude.

*) In Vol. 2, pi. 55 c, the name is erroneously printed as pyreneella.

216 SCIOPTERA; PSYCHE; STERRHOPTERYX. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

Phalacropterygidi Tutt.

10. Genus: Scioptera Rbr. fLepidoscioptera Dalla-Torre).

A. In comparison to the frail, thin, sparsely haired and tufted body, the wings are large and
wide. They are more or less transparent, sparsely covered with rather short, thin hairs. The longly
pectinated antennae are relatively feeble being only abt. +3rd the length of forewings. ( Stand -
fussia Tutt.)

tenella. S. tenella Ad. Spr. (Vol. 2, p. 361, pi. 55 e). Fairly well distributed but local in the Alps of central

Switzerland and especially in the southern valleys. For instance it is not uncommon around Zermatt. I
have the species from many localities in the Tessin, the Valais, the Bernese Oberland, Gemmi, Faulhorn,
Oeschinensee ; Vorbrodt also mentions it as occurring in the Grisons, Misox, Bergell, Engadine. Recent
faunistic works no longer mention tenella as occurring in Spain (Korb) and the Pyrenees. In regard to altitude,
it seems to vaiy from 205 m at Locarno to abt. 3000 m on the Gornergrat. The species flies in the early
morning from June to August. — zermattensis Frey is mentioned in all works on Butterflies, as the smaller,
darker race from Locarno and in the “Catalogus Lepidopterorum it is denoted as a species. Pungeler, who
had bred several 100 specimens of tenella from Zermatt, considered same to be identical with zermattensis.
Vorbrodt also, as I myself, are unable to see any distinguishing feature to differentiate between specimens
bred from Locarno and such from Zermatt, so that there seems hardly any room to doubt the identity of
both. Also a microscopic examination of the wing scales proved them to be absolutely identical. See Verh
Nat. Ges. Basel, XXXI, 1920, p. 26 and 30, pi. Ill, Fig. 1—14.
vorbrodtd- S. vorbrodtella Wrli. ( 14 i) (J is larger than tenella Spr. (Vol. 2, p. 361, pi. 55 e). Forewings 10 — 11mm,

paler, the wings much more transparent, grey with brownish hue, hairs shorter, thinner and more sparse.
Forewings with more subtriangular contour, as wide as tenella, but broader, less rounded at apex, the outer
margin straighter and somewhat more oblicpie; also the hindwings are narrower. Corresponding to the paler
colouration of the wings, the antennae are much paler brownish grey, the pectinations are longer but only
half as thick. Similarly the colour of the hairs of the head and body are brownish grey. Fringes which are
the same colour as wings, are longer than those of tenella. Fore tibiae have no spine, femora and tibiae
have long hairs ; examined superficially vorbrodtella gives one more the impression of being like a Sterrhopteryx
liirsutella Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 362, pi. 55 f), or a small St. standjussi H.-Sclidff. (Vol. 2, p. 362, pi. 55 f), can how¬
ever be distinguished by the different build of the antennae and the neuration. The early stages and the $
are unknown. Very rare in the Valais and the Engadine ; so far only 4 So are known. The first was cap¬
tured by Vorbrodt on the 11th July 1910 near Iselle 660 m altitude; it is somewhat larger and browner
than the 2nd one, which was taken by me on the ridge of the Gornergrat 3136 m on the 17th July 1919
together with Psodos bentelii Rdtz. flying in the morning sunshine. I secured 2 further So the collection of
Stand fuss, one of which is labelled Engadine and the other simply marked with a query and with no
locality indication. No other data were available of either.

B. The wings fairly narrow, opaque; head and body with tufty hairs, antennae longer with
very long pectinations, ( Scioptera Rmb.) species: S. plumistrella Hbn. and S. schiffer miller i Stgr.

11. Genus: Psyche Schrk.

riivellei. Ps. nivellei Oberth. (14 i). The S is easily distinguishable from all other species of the Genus by its

much thinner, frailer and sparsely haired body and the apex of the rounded forewings. Wing expanse 19
to 20 mm. Antennae with longer pectinations, which however are finer than in related species and with
long cilia. Colouration of body and wings like those of viciella, greyer and wings more transparent. The
forewings with 12 veins, 4 + 5 short, 8 + 9 longer (stalk = %). Hindwings with 8 veins, 3 + 4 from a point.

$ sac and early stages unknown. From Timhadit in Morocco, coming freely to light in August, I have one
S from Zebch near Zebdou in Algeria, caught in September.
perpallida. Ps. viadrina Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 361, pi. 55 e). — ab. perpallida Heckel has whitish colouration.

lactescens. Ps* lactescens Oberth. (15 a). The S is described as large, robust, antennae with long pectinations,

stout, black + body and wings glossy, milky white. Here we are giving a reproduction of Fig. 712 from
OberthItr s Et. Comp. V. 1. Wing expanse is 21 mm. It occurs in September at Geryville, Algeria. I
have not a specimen before me.

14. Genus: Sterrhopteryx Hbn.

liirsutella. S. hirsutella Him. (Vol. 2, p. 362, pi. 55 f) emerges towards the evening and flies until midnight. Dr.

Mi ller of Linz observed the emergence at 11 p. m. The imagines come to light. According to Vorbrodt
the larvae feed to the end of May on young shoots of oak stumps and sloe bushes and are not rare in forest
clearings; the <J sac is found in June at the foot of tree trunks and especially on sloe bushes, the $ sac at
a height of abt. 1% — 2 m on oaks.

Pull. 24. VI. 1933.

COCHLIOTHECA. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

217

S. standfussi Wocke, nec H.-Schaff. (Vol. 2, p. 362, pi. 55 f). — kurenzovi Filipjev (14 i) from Sutshan, kurenzovi.
Ussuri. Of the same size as a small to medium S. standfussi ; wing expanse 24.5 mm; width of fore wings
7 mm, length of same 13 mm, width of hindwings 6.5 mm. Pectinations of antennae abt. 5 6 times longer

than the shaft, narrower and less thickened towards the free end than in hirsutella, more similar to stand¬
fussi than to hirsutella Hbn. Somewhat wider in the wing than the former, agreeing with same however in
colouration of wings and body. Genitalia like those of hirsutella, remarkably robustly built, relatively larger,
dimensions as in standfussi. Flight from mid June to mid July. A paratype before me is of the same size
as my largest hirsutella. We are illustrating the paratype of kurenzovi. — sajanella Kozh. from the Sajan sajanella.
mountains and contrastella Kozh. from Minussinsk, Siberia are held by Filipjev to be identical with kurenzovi. contrastella.
I have the originals before me. The specimen of contrastella has completely lost the abdominal hairs, so that
the pale brown chitinous body is visible, that of sajanella has grey hairs. Other differences with the exception
of small variations in the size, are not observable.

16. Genus: Cochliotlieca Rmb. (Apterona Mill.).

C. helicinella H.-Schaff. (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 55 f) is mentioned by Heylaerts as also occurring in Algeria, helicinella.
Oued-Ounet. It is not rare at Taormina and Syracuse, Sicily and I have abt. 40 $$ and over 100 casings
ex coll. Trautmann from there.

C. gracilis Spr. (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 55 g). I have a large number of identical specimens from N. Africa, gracilis.
Guelt-es-Stel and El Kantara, Algeria, captured 20 — 28 May. Hitherto in Spain the species was only known
from Andalusia and Aragon, but its distribution extends to Catalonia, Montserrat, where I captured 2 ES
at night at light on the 29th July at an altitude of 1100 m. The moths are attracted to a light-sheet at
night. The casings have so far not been described. The q measures 4 mm in width and 4 mm in height.

It resembles that of crenulella, but is coarser and covered with rougher particles of sand and earth. The?
sac is much larger and also longer than in the other species, measuring 6 mm, wide and up to 9 mm long
with distinct spirals. — pectinata Chret. according to information kindly supplied by Mr. Lhomme, is not to be pectinata.
found in the coll. Chretien ; it was therefore not possible to supply me with a specimen. It was captured by
Allttaud at Haute-Reraya in the Grand Atlas. According to the description of the only known, the
wing colouration is very like C. crenulella Brd. (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 55 g) differing however by the long pecti-
ations of antennae, which are almost longer than those of nylanderi Wrli. ( pusilla auct.). The transparent
wings are yellowish brown, costa dark brown in basal half, fringes paler than the wings. Head and body
black-brown, with white hairs. M ing expanse 13 mm. Is probably closely related or even identical with
C. gracilis.

C. powelli Oberth. (141). Was described as a Sterrhopteryx , represents the largest of all known Cochlio- powelli.
theca species, having a wing expanse of 14 — 15 mm. It is compared to S. hirsutella Hbn. and Metisa plana
Wkr. (Vol. 10, pi. 91 b) from Ceylon. Actually however it is nearer to C. gracilis Spr. (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 55 g),
differing only by its much larger size, slightly darker grey, more heavily haired and rounded wings, which
have a somewhat more convex shape. The antennae are rather more robust and have wider pectinations
and the head has longer grey -black hairs. Abdomen is frail with paler hairs than wing colour. Perhaps when
the ? is discovered and the early stages are known, this will prove itself to be a race of C. gracilis. Mrassine,

Morocco in May; Sebdou, Oran, whence a good series of $3 has been recorded.

C. stauderi Wrli. (14 i [Type]) was discovered by Staltder on the 7th July 1920 near the summit of stauderi.
the Aspromonte, Calabria. In general appearance and colour it is like C. nylanderi Wrli. ( pusilla auct.) (\ ol.

2, p. 363) ( 14 i) which hitherto has only been known as definitely occurring in the Pyrenees, but it is con¬
siderably smaller, with a wing expanse of 9.5 mm as against 13 — 14 mm of nylanderi. It is also a deeper
black. Antennae pectinate as in the latter but frailer. Pectinations wider at tip, shorter at base and gener¬
ally shorter than in nylanderi, black. Fringes slightly paler and long, longer than in nylanderi. The 3
median nervures, which are separate in nylanderi , appear to arise from a short stalk.

C. pusilla Spr. (Vol. 2, p. 363, not illustrated there) (14 i) is described from a somewhat worn from pusilla.
Constantine, Algeria. Wing expanse barely 12 mm. As Speyer expresses himself, it reminds one much more
of a small Epichnopterix pulla (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 g) than the typical G. helicinella (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 55 f).

Wings are somewhat narrower, less rounded at the angles than in the latter. Colouration is a weakU pale
grey whilst body is a fairly deep black. ? and early stages unknown. Several specimens before me agree
exactly with this description of Speyer. They were captured by Dr. Roch of Geneva, in Morocco on 2Sth
March 1923. They are distinguishable by the narrower, more elongate wings and as compared with helici¬
nella H.-Schaff. from Sicily and nylanderi Wrli. ( 1 4 i) from the Pyrenees, they have a deeper colour. The
inner angle of wings is more obtuse and less pronounced than in the latter. Rothschild mentions a

9 &

Supplementary Volume 2

218

COCHLIOTHECA. By Dr. E. Wehbli.

further $ of pusilla Spr. captured 13th May 1913 in Algeria. To be specially noted is the different period
of flight: pusilla Spr. March/May; nylanderi Wrli. (= pusilla auct.) of the Pyrenees, July/August.

nylanderi. C. nylanderi Wrli. (= pusilla auct. nec Spr. Vol. 2, p. 363) ( 14 i [type]). This appears to be endemic to

the central Pyrenees, as hitherto, it only appears to have been captured there. It occurs up to 2000 m altitude
and was first described by Nylander as C. helix Sieh. <J. To supplement the description and facilitate compari¬
sons, it is to be added in regard to the <$<$: wing expanse 10— 12 mm. Smaller than the somewhat paler
grey-black helicinella H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 55 f) and the darker A. pusilla Spr. (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 14i).
Head, thorax and abdomen black with long and dense hairs, these are much longer and denser than in allied
species. The body appears to be more robust than in pusilla and helicinella. Wings grey-black, the wing
contour appearing different from related species by its faintly bulging outer margin. Wings shorter and
wider than pusilla. Antennae bipectinated, pectinations becoming shorter towards the tip, lamelliform, being
much wider at extremity through denser cilia than in pusilla, base (shaft) however narrower.

erenulclla. C. crenulella Bid. (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 55 g). Formerly this species was only known from Aix en Pro¬

vence, S. France, Bolzano, the Tyrol and N. Italy, but meanwhile the have been found in many other
localities. I have specimens and $ casings from the Tyrol from Etschtal, Terlan, Torbole on the Gardasee,
Bolzano (in large numbers) ; the species is apparently not rare in the warm southerly valleys; further from
southern Switzerland, the Tessin, frequent, from Locarno, Rovio, Maroggia, Camedo in the Valle Maggia;
Vorbrodt also mentions Rovelle, Sorenge, from the Valais Martigny, Branson. I have from Italy, from
the southern slopes of the Simplon, St. Maria Maggiore near Domodossola, Lombardy, Montagna Grande,
central Apennines at 1000 m altitude. From the Spanish peninsular all authors only mention C. gracilis Spr.,
but at Sierra Nevada on 4th July 1926, I caught 2 certain specimens in the Genii valley at abt. 1500 m
altitude, at light at night. This is about the extreme western limit of crenulella. According to Dannehl the
young larva prefers Alyssum and Silene, but afterwards takes to Thymus, Stachys, Sedum, Vicia, Melilotus,
Medicago, Dorycnium, Lotus, Anthyllis, Helianthemum, Lavendula, Geranium, Linaria, Antirrhinum, Vero¬
nica etc., going over to the leaves of trees and shrubs before pupation. At the slightest touch it drops to
-paludella. the earth, but when small it lets itself down on a thread. — paludella Dhl. from swampy regions around
Andrian, Terlan, Sigmundskron, the South Tyrol, is said to be very frail in $ sex, scarcely being as large as
crenulella Bid. (Vol. 2, p. 363, pi. 55 g). It has more elongate forewings with acuter apex, which are as wide
as hindwings. Colouration an impure brown, fringes checked. The $ is like that of crenulella. Flight is limited
to 18 — 29 May, whilst . crenulella occurs from 6th June to end July. Both emerge towards evening. — The
larva, which is perhaps slightly paler, can scarcely be distinguished from that of crenulella, is found on Caltha
palustris and Lythrum salicaria, when nearly full-fed proceeding to the tops of alder trees, where the $
spin up on upperside, the $ on underside of the leaves. The casings are provided with a fine whitish coating.
The rather clayed casings are flatly convex, the spirals being shortened. This would appear to be a fen form
of crenulella, which according to the observations of v. Hartig, occurs everywhere, where crenulella is found
in marshy or fen localities. I was unable to procure a specimen. — I should like to remark here that the
typical helicinella, described and illustrated by Brttand and emanating from Aix, is distinguishable by the
very elongate wings and this is much more apparent than is indicated in paludella. In regard to the variability
. helix, of the casings, the same remarks apply as given under helix. — helix Sieh. (Vol. 2, p. 364). This is held to
be, by nearly all authors with very few exceptions and based on recent experiences, exclusively the partheno-
genetical, self -propagating thelytoke ($$ only producing $$) form of the bisexual crenulella Brd. As Hoff¬
mann long ago and Seiler more recently have proved by innumerable experiments with Solenobiae, the purely
parthenogenetical $ repels copulation with of its own species and commences immediately to oviposit,
whilst the $ of the bisexual form awaits the copula and perishes without same and as a rule does not lay
eggs that, will normally develop without copulation, helix appears to conduct itself just like the Solenobiae ;
according to observations of Dannehl, in the S. Tyrol the crenulella $<3 were only attracted to the $$ of the
bisexual crenulella form, neglecting the of the parthenogenetical helix form. Having observed this, he
formed the impression that this denoted a difference in species, which would appear to be incorrect. He
separated the 2 $ tribes according to their locality, but the casings showed no distinguishable differences.
As is the case with Solenohia triquetrella and spineti Z., also the purely parthenogenetical forms of crenulella,
seem to occur in fairly rigidly isolated colonies separated from the bisexual forms, where same appear
concomitantly and the one only occurs there sporadically. Dannehl also believes he has observed a fairly
sharp distinction of the two forms helix and crenulella in a vertical direction. The former seems to live fairly
close to the earth and the casings are not found for pupation, higher than a man's height on walls, rocks, stones,
poles etc., whilst crenulella (especially the <J(J) climb to the summits of bushes and trees (elms, pine trees,
ash trees), where whole colonies seem to assemble. Perhaps this peculiarity of the bisexual form is, among
others, a reason, why the $<$ have not been found in our districts, where possibly such colonies are of rarer
occurrence (an analogous case to that of the Solenobiae). As a matter of fact v. Linstow remarks on finding

REBELIA. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

219

casings at the crown of fir trees in 1902 at Stettin *), an observation which confirms that of Dannehl.
helix has been proved to occur in Pommerania; it is distributed over the entire palaearctic region, with
exception of the extreme north. Recently it has been found by Marechal in Belgium in Province of Liege.
It is often very frequent, whilst the $$ of crenulella are only known from very few localities, with the ex¬
ception of south of the Alps. Seiler, as already remarked, found a similar, though not so extreme mal¬
distribution in the proportion of and 9$ also in 1 he Solenobiae and Talaeporia tubulosa according to the
more northerly or southerly locality. According to Ale. Nageli, Zurich, the number of ova laid in the casing
is very small, only 14—18 in each sac. He had found helix in large numbers at Glattfelden (Zurich). The
larvae hibernated in their casings. The casings of the species, especially of the form helix, of which I have
a large number in my collection, vary very considerably, both in colour and superficial appearance, a.' also
of the internal dimensions. According to the nature of the soil, they can be dark black-brown, as for instance in
specimens from Regensburg, the bavarian Jura and Strigow, or they can be rusty coloured, as for instance
at Ruffach in Alsace or they can show all shadings of pale to dark grey, as in the Tyrol and Tessin, the smooth
or rough outer surface depends on the finer or coarser grains of sand or earth that the larvae use as their
material. — Klimesch found the larvae chiefly on Anthyllis vulneraria, Teucrium chamaedrys and Scabiosa
columbaria, mining the leaves like a Goleophora larva, generally only feeding at night, lying hidden during t e
day on the ground under the food plant. It devours a round hole in the Epidermis and then feeds on the
Parenchyma around same. — v. Linstow and others have held **) crenulella Brd. and helix Sieb. to be two
separate species, basing themselves on the semi -geometric not very successful illustration of Bruand which
especially in the antennae shows distinct variation, crenulella from Aix en Provence is illustrated m - lonogi .
des Psychides Fig 49 a and b, PI. II and III, whilst the alleged of helix Sieb. was illustrated by Claus from
the Tyrol, Bolzano in the Zeitschrift Wiss. Zool. 17, PI. XXVIII. This question cannot however be decided
from these illustrations, because as v. Siebold has pointed out the descriptions of the antennae that Bruaxd
gave, are better than his illustration and correspond exactly to those mentioned by Claus. — crenulella flies
at sunset in the evening in June/ July and is attracted to light.

Subfamily: Epichnopteryginae Tutt (Vol. 2, p.364).

20. Genus: Kebelia Heyl.

A. Foretibiae of with spine. Grey to yellow-grey moths with glossy grey to ochreous shiny fringes (Rebel™ Heyl).

R. plumella H.-Schdff. (= herrichiella Strd.) (Vol. 2, p. 365). This species has been found in Switzer- plumella.
land the N Tyrol and Poland. It flies in the evening between 7—8.30 p. m. from end April to July . e

larva hibernates once, according to Naufock; the $ is easily distinguishable from that of sapho and majorella
by the distinctly prominent yellow colour of the wool of the head and anus. In the other species these are
of greyish hue. Time of emergence and period of flight are different from majorella sapho and sunentella,
which emerge and fly from 5 to 9 in the morning. According to Klimesch the larva has a preference foi e
flowers of Helianthemum, Beilis and grasses. The sac is spun to the ground m almost vertical position,
bavarica Wrli. (14 i [type]), a constant, small race that flies at sunset on the bare slopes of the Jura at Kel- bavanca.
heim in mid July. It has also been captured by Osthelder at Munich. These are throughout captured and
not bred specimens and they are of an even size. Wing expanse 11.5 mm, as against 4-16 mm m
The wings are rather shorter and wider, their colour paler, the scales shorter and finer. Pectinations

antennae are similarly shorter with sparser cilia.

R. sunentella Brd. (Vol. 2, p. 365, pi. 55 g). According to Ttoati, this occurs at Valsassina, Pro™ ,,„Hen,ena.
Como and he has noticed them year after year in the late afternoon from 21st June to August The | fresh i y

emerged 2 iustlike that of R. sapho Mill., in expectancy of copulation, stretches the anterior part of its body

from the casing. The 5 flies up, penetrates with its abdomen, down the back of the h deeply
and consummates the copulation in the manner well known in PsycMae Genera, 1 he V»* V" *’

has a light yellow abdomen, brownish yellow chitinous head with round black eyes and whitish rudiinei y

antenna® ; the thorax is darker than the head with brown reddish scutellum ; the last -gment of abdomen —
with yellowish wool, in the centre with a greyish circular ridge of similar hairs. Owposto "A V oran odt
brown warts at base and a fine dorsal brown longitudinal streak. - The species is mentioned by \ obbeodt
as occurring in South Switzerland, by Daniel as m Hungary, by Dannehl as m the n. y •

R. ktuegeri Trti. (14 k W type]). According to the author this species is very close to m rientel te BA kruegeri.
(Vol. 2, p. 365, pi. 55 g), differing by the more rounded apex, the deepei convex cm t - “

*) Zeitschrift f. wiss. Insecten-Biologie 1924, Part 2, p. 71.

**) Zeitschrift f. wiss. Insecten-Biologie 1914, 1 art 2, p. 7U.

220

REBELIA. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

of forewings, the darker grey-black, faintly brownish colour, slightly less transparent, more opaque wings,
more distinctly prominent veins (resembling in this respect the subsequent R. majorella Rbl. 14 k). Further bv
the ends of the fringes being of same shade as the wings and glossy and silky. Build as surientella Brd , expanse
15—17nim. The $ reddish grey with slightly more reddish wool; eyes dark brown, head lighter, dark brown
thoiacic scutellum, wider and paler on 2nd segment than on the 1st. A casing now before me measures
_1 mm long, 3 mm wide, almost cylindrical, grey-brown; colour and shape being more like that of sapho *)
than surientella. Ossimo, Val Camonica, Upper Italy, in July, at an altitude of 600 m. 2 from Broglio
in the Tessin, captured in July, at 700 m altitude, are certainly also of this species. According to particulars
supplied by Turati, Pungeler considered krugeri to be a genuine species. In my opinion it is closer to plumella.

majorella. R* majorella Rbl. (14 k) is described as follows: “remarkably large and with wide wings, purer grey

with somewhat less glossy fringes. Forewings much wider at outer margin. Pectinations of antennae longer
and sleeker. Forewings 11—12 mm. — Also the $ is very large and robust, dull pale yellow with grey anal
wool . — In Carinthia and Styria, in alpine valleys and on the lower hills in May to early June, flying in the
morning. — Larva like that of the preceding species (plumella, sapho and surientella), however when full
grown it bears also lateral yellow dots on the black scutella. The sac is very large and stout, 22—25 mm

long, in the $ often up to 5 mm thick in centre, whitish grey and often with band-like dark zones'1. _ Vor-

brodt **) says the species occurs on fields in the Tessin, Arogno, Mendrisio, Maroggia, between the 23rd March
sapho. and 3rd April. majorella $ cannot always easily be distinguished from sapho ( 14 k) and according to Naltfock
the latter cannot always be separated from surientella (Vol. 2, p. 365, pi. 55 g). Gabriel Hofer surmises that
they are forms of the same species. According to Naltfock, who has bred majorella and Lobel, who was
able to observe them in nature on a locality just by his house, its flight is between 7—9 a, m. in any weather,
at the end of May and early June. Lobel asserts that this is only every other year. Breeding under cover
Naufock obtained abt. 30% of imagines after 1 year, 70% after 2 years.' It occurs in very limited localities
that are widely distributed, but where it occurs it is in profusion.

berytella.

nudclla.

balcanica.

vestalis.

subvestalis.

R. berytella Rbl. Body and antennae grey-brown, structurally like R. surientella Brd , wings larger
and wider than in same, reminding one more of R. majorella Rbl. (14 k), dark dusty grey with brownish shiny
fringes. Forewings 9.5 to 10 mm, expanse 18—18.3 mm, greatest width of forewings being 6 mm. On the
Dustje plains near Beirout in Syria at end of April. I have not seen a specimen.

B. Foretibiae of <J without spine. The species have whitish grey to whitish wings and white fringes (Leuchcanacanthia
subg nov. = [Acentra Burrows}). In spite of the absence of the spine, I am leaving this nearly related ioup in the Genus

ipfvui- °rg to the very Similar general appearance and the homogeneous casings. Heylaerts had actually separated
the latter Genus from the Epichnoptenx particularly on account of the presence of the spine. ' 1

R. nudella O. (Vol. 2, p. 365, pi. 55 g) (14 k). Is recorded from Switzerland and has been captured
m the S. Tyrol, but is not common anywhere. The type specimen originates from around Vienna, All the
specimens I have received from France and which were classified as nudella, are actually surientella. I have
not seen definitely certain specimens of this species either from there or from Switzerland. The illustration
given represents a hungarian specimen. My austrian and hnngarian $ specimens have no spine on the fore-
tibiae, as is also the case in the subsequent species, of all of which I have prepared microscopic slides. The

illustration m A ol. 2, pi. 55 g is not satisfactory, consequently a fresh illustration is given here _ balcanica

subsp. nov. (= vestalis Rbl. nec Stgr.) (14 k type]). I have 2 good specimens from Witosch near Sofia before
me ex the collection of Tratttmann (as vestalis). The wings are much wider and shorter, more rounded at
apex than subvestalis and nudella, whiter than in the latter, costa and margin dark grey, similarly the an¬
tennae of which the pectinations are shorter than in nudella; comparison of lengths 6 — 7 : 9 _ 10. subvestalis

b.o—7. Ming expanse 12 — 13 mm, nudella 14 — 15 mm. It flies early in the morning of 3rd and 4th July
i. e. later than nudella. Bulgaria, Albania.

L. vestalis Stgr. (14 k [<J type]). According to the 2 original specimens from Sarepta, this must be
considered a genuine separate species from nudella 0. It is smaller and whiter than nudella and has entirely
differently formed antennae ; these are whitish and not dark grey, much finer and more delicate and of ail
nudella forms^ they have the shortest pectinations. The proportionate length as compared with those of
nudella is 4—5 : 9 —10, whilst a comparison of the expanse of this species is 12—12.5 mm against 14—15 mm
of nudella. The typical vestalis has whitish wings and fringes and only the costa is suffused faintly with
darker shade; head and body are with whitish hairs. I only know Sarepta as the locality; all the other
vestalis I have seen from the Balkans, are a race of nudella; those classified from Austria as vestalis Stgr
have no resemblance at all to vestalis and seem to be a separate but different species.

L- subvestalis sp. n. (= vestalis auct.) (14 k [c^ type]). This species was chiefly obtained by Schwingen-
schitss from Laxenberg m Lower Austria and transmitted to collectors as vestalis Stgr. My 4 specimens,
c?d\ hitherto classified as vestalis Stgr. in my collection, originated from there. They are smaller than vestalis, wing
expanse 10.5—11 mm : 12—12.5 mm. The wings are narrower, whitish just slightly more grey than vestalis.

8

*) sapho is illustrated on pi. 14 k and not in Vol. 2, pi. 56
from top should be deleted.

**) Mitt. E. Schweiz. Ges. XIII, 3/4, p. 206 and XIV,

so that the erroneous reference in Vol. 2, p. 365, line

o

p. 84.

EPICHNOPTERIX. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

221

Head and body have darker hairs than the latter. It is easily distinguishable by the much darker, deep grey,
robust and denser antennae. Although the wing expanse is smaller, the pectinations are considerably longer
than those of vestalis, comparative proportion 4 — 5 : 6.5 — 7, measured by micrometer. The $ before me is
dried and not really suitable for description. The head seems to be darker brown. — Casings very narrow,
almost cylindrical, smooth, brownish; that of the £ 15 mm long, 2 mm wide, of the $ 12 mm long, 2 — 2.5 mm
wide. It differs from that of nudella (14 k) by the smaller size, narrower shape of wings, paler whitish
colour, shorter pectinations, comparative proportion 4 — 5 : 9 — 10 and then before all else, by its biological
characteristics : subvestalis flies earlier in the year, end of April to end of May, nudella however in June.
The former emerges in the evening at sunset, nudella and balcanica however always in the early morning, as
Rebel has ascertained of the latter in Bulgaria, and Dannehl for the former in the S. Tyrol (forenoon in
the sunshine), Lobel for Carinthia; subvestalis inhabits the plains and steppes, nudella prefers slopes and sides
of the mountains.

21. Genus: Epichnopterix Hbn.

A. The wings without reticulations ( Epichnopterix ).

E. pulla Esp. (= plumella Schiff. non descript.) (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 g). According to Vorbrodt and pulla.
Klimesch occurs up to 2200 m altitude without any appreciable alteration in size, colouration or scaling,
montanella Heyl. (Vol. 2, p. 366) (= montana Vorbr. [erratum]; riffelica Strd.) from Esterel, Alpes Maritimes montanella.
is recorded both by Vorbrodt and Pungeler from the Riff elberg, .Zermatt, 14th May to 15th July up to
2500 m, by Vorbrodt also from the Tessin. Larvae up to 2400 m altitude, mid July to early June on grass¬
es. The form strongly resembles the illustration of Psychidea graecella Milliere. Iconogr. II, pi. 77, fig. 8. -
silesiaca G. Stdjs. (nec Woclce) (14 k). We are giving an illustration of the original specimen from the collection silesiaca.
of Standfttss. It is characterised by Prof. Standfttss *) as '"a very enlarged mountain form of E. pulla Esp.
of the plains, the larvae of which feed through 2 years and which as a constant race is worthy of denomin¬
ation”. I have in my possession 3 ex the collection of Standfuss and captured at Seefelclern near
Reiner z, which is the main locality of the type, which he had denominated silesiaca. I make the measure¬
ment to be 14.5 — 15 mm, against the author's 15 — 18 mm and I do not consider them to be identical with
pontbrillantella Brd. with which they are placed in a series. The latter have much more elongate and less
rounded forewings and are further deeper and darker black. Date of flight is stated to be 28th Maj to 4th
June. Large specimens of 14—14.5 mm expanse occasionally occur among pulla and Hofmann records same
from Lahr and I myself have some from Ftirth, Nuremburg, also from Rohrseemoos near Kochel, S. Bavaria
(Osthelder). — pontbrillantella Brd. (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 g) (14 k) also occurs in southern Switzerland in pontbrillan-
many localities according to Vorbrodt, on bushy, dry meadows, in the morning from end of February to
end of May. Larva up to 1500 m altitude on grasses. A number of authors hold same to be a genuine species,
but I have a number of transition forms from the Tessin, which in part must be held to be pulla. — sibirica sibirica.
subsp. nov. (15 b [cftype]). from Minussinsk (captured 20th June) of the same size and general appearance
as pontbrillantella, but is less opaque, with prominent veins, dark grey, with rather more elongate wings
and slightly shorter pectinations to antennae. M ing expanse 15.5 mm.

E. sieboldi Reutti. (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 h) (15 a). According to the observations of de Rotjgement of sieboldi.

$$ from the Laquintal in the Valais, this is a genuine species, as the <$<§ sieboldi were attracted in quan¬
tities, whilst no single pulla $ was attracted. Vorbrodt records same frequently from Switzerland and the
Tessin. It is also known to occur in North and South Tyrol, Styria, Carinthia, Poland and Albania, fuithei
I captured same at an altitude of abt. 1300 m in the Vosges (Hohneck on 21st May) in large numbers, t ai }
ing slightly in size and shape of wings, expanse 11 — 14 mm. In Alsace it occurs at lower altitudes and below
Basle on the Rhine it occurs at abt. 250 m altitude, the wings being 13 mm expanse. — voelkeri Trautm. vodkeri.
According to Volker this appears on the wing at least a fortnight earlier than pulla and occurs by preference
on warm chalky slopes with scant vegetation, where it flies between 9 11 a. m.

E. tarnierella Brd. (Vol. 2, p. 365, pi. 55 g). According t o Traittmann this species occurs at Hanover, Bremen, tamiereUa.
Brunswick and Ftirth, to Sand in the Dep. Indre, to de Joannis in Dep. Morbihan, to Constant in the
Dep. Saone et Loire in central and west France. The form occurring in Holland and S. France probably
occurs more frequently than is known and may have been overlooked on account of its smallness. It can
be obtained in localities where Holcus mollis grows, by sweeping with a sweeping net.

B. The wings of these minute moths are reticulated. (Whittleia Tutt).

E. undulella Fisch.-Rds. (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 h). This was discovered by Gelin at Deux-Sevre, Marais unduldla
d'Amure in W. France on 14th May 1914. — schwingenschussi Rbl. (15 a cotype) is a somewhat smaller form •'<
with more elongate wings and darker, coarser reticulations. It occurs at Marchfeld in Lovei Austria, it ie._ on
the steppes there in April and is a genuine local race.

*) Int. Ent. Zeitschrift Gub. 8, p. 144.

222

PSYCHIDEA. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

retiella. E. retiella Newm. (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 h). This has been recorded by Meder from Husum, north

Germany and by Kloker from Denmark, by Trautmann from Flensburg, in S. Sweden. It also occurs in
N. France flying on forest meadows at the beginning of June and towards 6 p. m. in the evening.

22. Genus: Psychidoa Rmb.

bombycella. P. bombycella Schifj. (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 h). This species flies in May, June and July according

to the altitude and is found towards the evening on meadows and damp fields. In the mountains it occurs
up to a fair altitude and Vorbrodt records having taken it at 1400 m altitude on the Mont C’hemin and
Mayen de Sion in the Valais. Dannehl mentions having captured it in a smaller, darker, high alpine form,
which he incorrectly denominates as rotundella Brel., at Sulden in the S. Tyrol at an altitude of 2400 m. He
says it is quite common there and he discovered the casings up to 2900 m in the Ortler and Presanella region.

The species varies considerably in size, wing contour, colouration and markings and especially in moun-
rotundaria. tainous territory it is inclined to form local races. For instance — rotundaria Brd. (Vol. 2, p. 366) may be
held to be such a race. It is reported from the lake of Geneva above Lausanne, but is certainly only found
in the Valais, La Forclaz and Gietroz. It is distinguishable by the richer ochreous colour (blond roux), the
absence of the reticulation, somewhat smaller size, shorter more rounded forewings, paler head and apparently
tatricolella. shorter antennae than the name type form. — tatricolella Niel. (15 a [<J cotype]) denominates a form that Nie-
siolowski caught on the Hohen Tatra in the valley of the 5 polish lakes at an altitude of 1700 m. It is of
normal size, has finely reticulate markings on upper and undersides including the fringes and is nicely grey without
the ochreous tone of typical bombycella. Apex of forewings is not rounded off. The casings were found hidden
deep down in the grass ; the moths also came to light at night, otherwise however the flight was at 4 — 6 p.m.
According to Dannehl the moths from higher altitudes are smaller with shorter wings and of deeper colour.
Ground colour is more or less dark grey-yellow and usually the reticulate markings are present. Such forms
are not identical with the deep yellow ochreous rotundella which is devoid of reticulate markings. These small
dark dusky specimens are also found on damp hayfields of the plains, such as are to be found around Neu-
dorf, below Basle and in the moist fields on the banks of the Rhine. These specimens seem to prove that
lacteella. these forms occur in varying proportion in any of the colonies. — Dannehl gives the name lacteella to an
individual variety, that is small, not reticulated, milky white and glossily hyaline. This was captured at
Penegal, S. Tyrol and on the Saualp in Carinthia. It is probably a starvation form.
helvetica. P. helvetica Trautm. (15 b type]). Discovered by the author east of Locarno, Tessin, in a shady

high alpine forest. It is nearest to P. proxima Led. (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 h). Like same it has in the B sex,
dark black-brown colouration of all wings with the grey predominant. In proxima the coppery brown tone
is more pronounced. It is less densely scaled than the latter, has shorter antennae, pale yellow head and
abdominal hairs, somewhat paler yellow glossy fringes and smaller size 7.5 mm forewings: 9 — 10 mm; wing
expanse 16 mm; 19.5 mm according to Brit and. The specimen in my collection, which so far is unique,
gives one the impression of being a different species from proxima, as well as of bombycella, but it is cer¬
tainly not, as Rebel seems to assume, a pectinella form; it can easily be differentiated from same, as under
the microscope, the denser scaling and wider scapulae are clearly apparent. Also the sac, which is in exist¬
ence, is smaller than that of bombycella , more irregularly decorated with coarser projecting grass stalks. As
Traittmann records, it wras found deep down in a tuft of grass at an angle of 45° with the free end pointing
retifereUa. upwards. The imago emerged at the end of June at 5 p.m. The $ and larva are unknown. — retiferella
Wrli. (15 b [J type]). This interesting form would seem to be a local race which is smaller than helvetica,
forewings 7 — 7.5 mm. I have 16 fairly identical specimens, agreeing in regard to size, wing contour from
the Tessin, from Rovio, 500 m, Maroggia 280 m., also from the Grisons, Lostallo, 426 m. It is somewhat
paler in colour, more definitely grey hindwings and in contrast to the name type form, it has in fresh spe¬
cimens a very distinct, dark grey-brown reticulate pattern with pale yellow-grey interstices, wdiich however
are generally absent on hindwings. Besides somewhat longer antennae, of abt. % length of costa, it has
wider forewings, which are rounder at apex. Especially on hindwings the scaling is less dense. According
to the width and coordination of the covering scales, this form also has no connection with pectinella. $,
early stages and sacs are unknown and it will only be after further knowledge has been gained regarding
the biology of this race and more specimens have been discovered, that one will be able to form a clearer
impression of the relationship to helvetica, as well as bombycella and of these to one another. Possibly all
belong to one and the same group of forms.

apistella. P* apistella Bbl. (15 b) is described as being larger than helvetica Trautm. and proxima Led. (Vol. 2,

p. 366, pi. 55 h), wing expanse 21 mm as against 18 mm in proxima and 16 mm in helvetica. The wings are
wider and more rounded at apex, pectinations of antennae somewhat longer, colouration of wings deeper
black-brown, instead of the smoky black of proxima. Veins like the latter, apistella was discovered on Monte-
gibbio, Modane, Italy, later also found by Rebel at Bologna and in Liguria, is represented in my collection
by 2 exactly similar specimens (Coll. Trautmann), the one labelled “Italia centr.” and the other “Apen¬
nines, Bologna, 14. June 1862”, both classified by Trautmann as proxima. These specimens have a wing
expanse of 19 mm, barely 20 mm; they are therefore not larger than proxima from the Altai, of which Brit and

FUMEA. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

223

gives the wing expanse as 19.5 mm (as ledereriella), Heylaerts even as 20—22 mm, whilst Rebel mentions
21 mm for apistella. The original specimens of Lederer’s proximo, , which are before me, measure 19.5 mm
and another specimen 18.5 mm, varying therefore only slightly from my apistella from the Apennines; also the
wing contour shows scarcely discernible differences. Just as little does the dark grey-brown colouration of one
of the specimens, whilst the other is paler brownish. The brown colour would appear to be due to the age
of the specimen, because a fresh one from Minussinsk has an almost pure dark grey colour without the
distinct brownish sheen. Actually apistella has longer pectinations, the proportion is 1.8 : 1.4 to 1.5, also the
shaft is thicker (5 : 3) than in any proxima, a characteristic which enables one to distinguish the species easily.

P. pectinella F. (Vol. 2, p. 366, pi. 55 h). The descriptions hitherto given in literature of the larvae of pectinella.
this species, all refer to the similar larva of Oreopsyche muscella, which has been offered owing to a mistake by
hungarian dealers. We owe the description of the genuine pectinella larvae to Rebel. They were discovered
by Robert Spitz. They are similar to the larva of bombycella, smaller, paler inclining to violet-grey, not
blackish brown as the latter and their subdivided double rows of dorsal pads, as well as the 3 rows of lateral
protuberances are much less prominent than in bombycella. When prepared the pectinella larva measures
15 mm. — The species is recorded by Vorbrodt as occuring in Switzerland in Maroggia, Tessin, Martigny,

Stalden in Valais, Simplon; Fahrweid in Zurich. Dannehl mentions also the South Tyrol.

c. Subfamily: Fumeinae.

23. Genus: Fumea Haw. (Masonia Tutt).

Masonia was based essentially on a slightly larger number of segments to antennae, 20—24, interme¬
diary position of the spine on foretibiae, • 65 — 71, and insignificant, scarcely constant reduction in the seg¬
ments of the tarsi of $, differences, which in view of Burrows’ authenticated inconstancy of these Fumea
species, can claim neither generic, subgeneric nor even specific importance. The <$ genitalia are, according
to Burrows, completely identical. Tutt classified the species crassiorella Bui. and subflavella Mill, to Masonia,
as well as a few forms from England, which are however as yet not sufficiently definitely established.

Tutt and Chapman, in creating their species and Genera, have paid especial attention, apart
from the number of segments of antennae, to the relative length of the spine of the foretibiae and the posi¬
tion of the spine on same. Tutt expresses by means of a numerical index, the proportion of the length of the
foretibia from the juncture of the spine to the extremity of the tibia, as compared to the length of the
spine, or according to Burrows to the over-all length of the tibia, crassiorella had an index • 65 71, casta

. 77 _ -81. According to Burrows’ measurements of Chapman’s specimens, these index numbers form a

continuous series, so that no definite limit can be fixed for any one species. The variations in measurements
differ by at least -02; in the more highly developed Psychidae, the scope of variation in one and the same
species can be up to • 05, for instance in Ps. bombycella and R. majorella. Reliable measurements can only
be made by means of microscopic slides and the same applies to the counting of the segments of the antennae.

An error in measurement of 0.01mm would suffice to transplant a species from one to another denomination
and according to Burrows, even to another Genus.

In the Fumeinae, as far as I can ascertain, no exact measurements of the spine or of the count of
the segments of the antennae have been made over a large quantity of material, so as to enable one to
definitely fix the degree of variability in the same species or their relationship to the size of the insect and
other factors. It would appear therefore to be incongruous to establish new species and denominate forms,
on the basis of minute differences in the index numbers of a few specimens, without there being any other
fundamental differences. This more especially when one considers the difficulty in taking exact measurements.

For instance in this regard the measurements taken by two authors of the same material, vary quite con¬
siderably. Burrows’ measurements of Chapman’s material differ materially, for instance m betulma from
• 04 downwards to • 09 upwards, thus an overall difference of • 13; thereby producing index numbers which
overlap into two of Tutt’s Genera! In germanica the difference amounts to • 07, thus going over into casta

with • 77 _ 81, in hibernicella ■ 10, in mitfordella Ghapm. ■ 06 etc. Through the interloping and overlapping

of the indices given for these species, such denominations, which are solely based on these index numbers,
must be dropped, unless of course subsequent investigation of large series, proves that there are other essential
differences. — Naturally the relative length of the spine is a contributory factor m establishing the subdivi¬
sion into groups.

A. Wings without reticulation, cellula i n t r u s a absent, pectinations of anten¬
nae with scales (Fumea).

F. casta Pall. (Vol. 2, p. 368, pi. 55 i) (= bowerella Cliapm., minor Glxapm., nitidella Hbn., intermediella casta.
Brd., all based on the number of segments of antennae, varying to the extent of one segment and other
minute differences in size). Chapman has separated — scotica Cliapm. (described as a separate species) scotica.
from Rannoch and Sutherlandshire, Scotland. It is a robust form, in size of crassiorella Brd,, or even larger

224

FUME A. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

than same. Forewings 8—9 mm. The index proportion of the foretibia to the spine is • 78 _ 81, ( casta =

II according to Burrows up to • 85) whilst it has 19 — 20 segments to antennae. Burrow's mentions

a similarly large and robust casta from Scotland with the typical spine of casta, so that scotica would appear
germanica. to be nothing else than an especially large and strong race. I have not a specimen before me. — germanica
Chapm. is established as a species from a few from Schwerin, which were first classified as nitidella Hbn.
(= casta) and others from Hungary which had been denominated as af finis Beutti (= crassiorella Brd.). These
were all in the collection of Vollschow of Schwerin. According to Chapman the only difference from the
typical F. casta -nitidella Hbn. of Hubner, consists in the presence of a fairly long spine in the index pro¬
portion • 84— -88. However according to Burrows5 measurements of Chapman’s specimens, one of Vollschow’s
af finis = ■ 81, whilst another measures • 83 ( casta = ■ 77 — 81), so that here also there would appear to be no
definite line of demarkation as compared with casta and germanica can scarcely be retained as a form.

syrmea. F. syriaca Rbl. In build it corresponds precisely to casta Pall. (Vol. 2, p. 368, pi. 55 i), differing by

the much duller, darker black-brown colouration, especially of hindwings. Forewings deep metallic brown,
hmdwings and fringes of all wings black-brown. Wings and basal half of fringes more densely scaled. Wing-
expanse 13 mm, forewings 6 mm. $ and early stages unknown. I have no specimen before me. Beirut, Syria.

niphonica. F. niphonica Hori. I have no specimen before me. The description is in japanese.

ruitf or della. F, crassiorella Brd. (Vol. 2, p. 367, pi. 55 i). — mitfordella Chapm. resembles a very small tyjDical casta,

but forewings are slightly narrower at base. Antennae 17—18 segments, index proportion of spine • 71—73
( casta ■ 77 — 81). Burrows in measuring a typical specimen made the measurement • 76, so that the casta
index is so closely approximated that this may certainly be included as a casta form. The 5 typical specimens
hibemicella. are in a bad condition and the locality was not stated or procurable. — hibernicella Chapm is smaller than
crassiorella, it has 19—20 segments to antennae and the length of tibial spine is • 67 and • 74, resembling a large
casta. On Burrows5 checking the measurements of the spines of the foretibiae of 3 specimens from Glenga-
riff, he made the measurements much more namely -77, -77, -76 and this would indicate a casta form,
sorrentina. from which in other respects it does not seem to differ materially in any way. — sorrentina subsp. nov. the
darkest of all Fumea species. When placed in series it strikes the eye immediately by the deep black-brown
wing colour of the Wing expanse is 12 mm. Antennae with 20—21 segments. Relative length of spine is
' ll ”3. Hindwings are just as dark as forewings. Body is a still deeper black-brown than the wings,
fiinges similarly coloured. From Sorrent at 300 m altitude, captured on 16 — 19th June by Stauder. Type
m my collection. A smaller $ of 11 mm from Lagonegro, Calabria, captured on 8th June and in the collec¬
tion of Turati should also be classified here.

2 0 s e
with

B. Forewings with reticulation and
gments. Relative length of spine of f
scales.

intracellular cell. Antennae with more than
oretibiae under. 64 ( Bruandia Tutt). Pectinations

reticulatella.

comitella.

saxicolella.

subflavella.

F. reticulatella Brd. (Vol. 2, p. 367, pi. 55 i). I have a small specimen from Rehalp, Zurich, where
Xageli found a number of larvae on 29th May, which emerged on 14th June. It lias a wing expanse of
11.5 mm, reticulations faint and of grey colour. Antennae have 21 segments. Relative length of spine • 52,
accoiding to Burrows reticulatella measures • 51 — 56. In general appearance this form is closer to comitella. Si¬
milar specimens are obtained in the S. Tyrol and S. Bavaria. — According to Wagner the species flies at

dusk to light in June at Gravosa; the casings are found on the undersides of stones and also on walls and
tree stems.

F„ comitella Brd. (Vol. 2, p. 367, pi. 55 i) (15 b). According to Dannehl this species occurs at an
altitude of abt. 1100 to 1800 m in June/July, flying at night, as well as in the early morning and is pre¬
ferably found in old pine and larch forests, where the casings can be found up to abt. 1 m from the ground.
It is local in. the S. Tyrol, but occasionally very common in certain localities, for instance on the Mendel
Pass. saxicolella Brd. (15 b). I obtained several specimens of this form with whitish grey colouration,
dark grey margin, fringes and costa, reticulations absent or only faintly indicated. From its build it cer¬
tainly belongs to comitella and not to subflavella Mill, or edwardsella Tutt, although both Tutt and Chapman
classified it there. Relative length of spine • 62. Antennae with 21 segments. From Torbole on Lake Garda.

F. subflavella Mill. (Vol. 2, p. 367, no illustration was given) (15 b). The wings are without reticulations,
but it is so closely related to the preceding species, that there is no reason to separate same in a Subgenus.’

Li nations

t.r o rewings with intracellular cell, wings without reticulati on, p
wiiou scaly act he sions, relative length of spines. 60 — . 73, according to Burrows (Proutia).
Embraces the species betuhna Z., eppingella Tutt, rouasti Heyl. and salicolella Brd.

F. salicolella Brd. ( — saliciolella Stgr.) (15 b). This species is mentioned by Vorbrodt in his book on
the Butterflies of Zermatt, as having been bred by Pungeler from larvae with black heads found on the
stems of small leafed willow. The larvae hibernated and the imagines emerged from 15th June to 28th July.
A further locality is Stalden in the Visp Valley. Of these Zermatt specimens I have 1 fff and 2 of
which one y is inflated and prepared, the other dried. I have also the 3 casings belonging thereto. All bear
Pi ngeler s label and inscription: salicolella Brd., with the remark: casings at the foot of sunny walls, $ on
the ground; added to this the locality and the date. Pungeler has denominated these as salicolella, as well

Publ. 21. VII. 1933.

LUFFIA. By Dr. E. Wehrli.

225

as similar specimens of Dannehl from Sarntheim, S. Tyrol. — The £ corresponds well with the description
of Bru and, the wings are much more elongate than in casta and in colouration like Bacotia sepium Spr. Fore-
wings glossy dusky brown, hind wings slightly paler. Wing expanse 12 — 13 mm. — My from Zermatt measures
15 mm and is larger than any of my beiulina ; margin is darker, there are minute dark dots at termination
of veins, as in eppingella. Antennae with 22 segments ( betulina 21, eppingella 25 — 27), pectinations devoid
of scales. The relative length of the spur of the fore tibiae is nearly 70. The casing appears to be almost identical
with that of eppingella Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 368). It is about midway between that of betulina and of casta and as
was most characteristically described by Tittt. The casing is decorated with Detritus and small fragments of
wood and bark and is itself blackish. Usually it has 3 — 5 longer or shorter stalk decorations arranged
longitudinally, partly protruding and extending beyond the tip, just as in casta and such as only very rarely
occur in betulina and in quite isolated instances. The d sac is 8 mm, the $ 10 mm long. — This similarity
in the composition of the casings and their occurrence on willow trunks (Tittt later on mentioned whitethorn
and blackthorn) make it appear probable that eppingella is only a smaller form of salicolella (which has
25 — 27 segments to antennae) and that both are very closely related to betulina.

25. Genus: Luffia Tutt.

L» rebeli Wlshm. ( = lapiclella Bbl. nee Goeze) (15 a). This occurs on Teneriffe and in many localities rebel
there. Wing expanse 8 — 12 mm. Antennae bipectinated to three quarters of their length. Head and thorax
reddish brown. Forewings silkily glossy, pale stone-grey, rather darker along margins, paler in centre. There
are patches with darker scales, one near base diffusing diagonally over the cell towards the costa, a second
one in the form of a transverse band approximately before the centre and two or three in the outer half of
the costa. Fringes glossy and silky, basal half pale bistre. Hind wings pale bluish grey, fringes paler and more
glossy. Abdomen like hindwings, legs pale stone-grey. It is much larger than lapidella Goeze and the markings
are clearer. The narrow cylindrical casings are frequent on rocks and stone walls. The larvae feed on stone
lichens and are very difficult to breed.

Postscript.

Auchmophila kordofensis Bbl. is indicated as occurring in pa-laearctic Egypt, in the Novitates Macrolepid. of Bang-
Haas I, p. 152 and II, p. 175 and in the Catalogus Lepidopterorum Strand 1929, p. 130. However none of the localities
mentioned by Rebel are situate north of the 15°: Dueim 11 — 15°, Sennar 13 — -14", Nubaka 12 — 13", Billing 12°, Gulfan
11 — 12°, all therefore in the anglo-egyptian Sudan, Kordofaii, none in palaearctic Egypt. The species must therefore be
considered a purely ethiopian one and is dealt with and illustrated in Vol. 11, p. 485, pi. 72 h.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Psychidae.
* signifies that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

apistella Psychidea Bbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1917,
p. (136).

balcanica Rbl. Wrli. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 220. *
bavarica Rbl. Wrli. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. (1926), p. 98.
berytella Reb. Bbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1917, p. (134).
biroi Oreops. Bbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 16, 1915, p. (90). *

caucasica Am. O. B.-H. Ii'is 26 (1912), p. 109.
colossa Oreops. Bang-H. Iris 1917, 20, p. 87.
contrastella Sterrh. Kozhant. Jahrbuch d. Martjanovschen
Staatsmuseums, Minussinsk, Sib. 1928, Bd. VI, 1, p. 72.

desertorum Oreops. Trti. Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat. 1927, p. 322. *
Supplementary Volume 2

germanica Fumea Chapm. Ent. Record 1900, XII, p. 125. *
gracilis Cochl. Spr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 41 (1S86) p. 335.

hetvetica Psychidea Trautm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 1915,
p. 204.

liibernicella Fum. Cliapm. Ent. Record 1900, XII, p. 123. *

iliensis Acanth. Wrli. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 454.

kordofensis Auchm. Bbl. Sitz.-Ber. Ak. Wiss. Wien 1906, 115
(I), p. 72. *

krueg'eri Reb. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 1914, V. III. p. 5 77 . *
kurenzovi Sterrh. Filip j. Ann. Mus6e Zool. Ac. Sci. U.R.S.S.
1927, p. 261. *

29

226

Index and Reference of palaearctic Psychidae.

lacteella Psycliidea Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. Frankfurt 42, p. 115.
lactescens Psyche Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, v. 78, p. 333.
lelevrei Am. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 19 (I), p. 140. *

majorella Reb. Rbl. Berge’s B’fly Book 1910, p. 459.
mauretaniea Am. Rotsch. Nov. Zool. 20 (1913), p. 140.
mitfordella Fum. Chapm. Ent. Record, 12, p. 122. *
moncaunella Oreops. Chapm. Ent. Record, 15, (1903), p. 325. *
montana Epichn. Vorbr. ( Heyl .) Int. Ent. Ztschr., 1928, p. 434.

niphonica Fum. Hori Kontyu (Insecta) Tokyo I, 1926, p. 28.
nivellei Psyche Oberthr. Et. L6p. Comp. 19 (I), p. 141. *
nylanderi Cochl. Wrli. Ent. Ztschr. Frankfurt. 31, p. 331.

orophila Acant. Wrli. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 21, p. 454.

pectinata Cochl. Chret. Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 19 (I), 1922,
p. 142.

perpallida Psyche Heckel ^ Insektenborse 18 (1901), p. 261.
powelli Cochl. Oberthr. Et. L4p. Comp. 19, 1, p. 141. *

rebeli Luffia Wlhsm. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 1027. *
retiferella Psychidea Wrli. Societ. Entom. 38 (1923), p. 26. *

riffeliea Epichn. Strd., Lepid. Cat. Pars 34, (1929), p. 95.

sajanella Sterrh. Kozhant. Jahrbuch Martjanov. Staatsmus.

Minussinsk, Sib. VI, 1928, p. 72.
schwingenschussi Epichn. Rbl. Berge’s B'fly Book 1910, p. 460.
scotica Fum. Chapm. Ent. Record 12, 1900, p. 125. *
sibirica Epichn. Wrli. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 221. *
silesiaca Epichn. Stdf.s. Ztschr. Entomol. Breslau 1850, p. 55.
sorrentina Fum. Wrli. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 224.
standlussi Sterrh. Wo eke Ztschr. Ent, Breslau (1851), p. 16.
stauderi Cochl. Wrli. Soc. Ent. 28 (1923), p. 25. *
subvestalis Reb. Wrli. Seitz Macrolep. Supp. 2, p. 220. *
syriaca Fum. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1917, p. (137).

tatricolella Psychidea Nies., Polska Ak. TJmiejetnosci. Prace
Mon. Kom. Fiziogr. Krakowie 1929, V, p. 87, Sep.
taurica Am. Wrli. Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 214. *

vorbrodtella Sciopt. Wrli. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 31 (1920),
p. 24. *

zabetli Hyal. Le Cerf Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924, p. 27.

THYRIS; DYSODIA; STRIGLINA; RRODONEURA; CAMPTOCHILUS. By M. Gaede.

227

24. Family: Thyritfidae.

By M. Gaede.

1. Genus: Tliyris Lasp.

T fenestrella Scop. (Vol. 2, p. 371, pi. 50 e). As mentioned in the Main Volume specimens from southern
Europe have smaller vitreous spots. Of such specimens the paler Spanish form nevadae Oberth.w as already
discussed in Vol 2 In contrast to same a race flies in Italy (Genoa, Modena, Capri) named: nigra 0. B.-H. nigra.
(16 b) which is very dark, almost black. The coppery spots and dots are entirely absent, the fringes and legs
are also almost entirely black. Specimens also occur in Mesopotamia in which the hyaline spots are somewhat
smaller, the other markings scarcely vary from german specimens. A somewhat larger form seems to occur

at Ta-tsien-lu.

3. Genus: I>ysodin Clem.

D iqnita WJcr The variability of this species was mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 372 and a few of the more
common forms were mentioned as synonyma. Amongst them also siculoides Fldr. (16 a), which is enumerated siculoides.
in the indian part of this work (Vol. 10, p. 744). As latterly denominations are recognised for quite insignificant
subforms, we are giving an illustration of siculoides here (16 a). According to Pagenstecher the outstanding
feature of this form is the absence of the hyaline spot on forewings. As this also occurs m specimens taken
at Kashmir, this form is thus found on palaearctic territoiy.

7. Genus: Striglina Gn.

St. fixseni Alph. This species was described in 1897 from a pair captured in Corea. Since that time fi.iscni.
only 1 further $ appears to have been caught by Leech. Ground colour agrees with that of scitaria WJcr. dealt
with in Vol 9 p 373 pi 50 f The marking of the lines however varies considerably. The line in scitaria that
traverses the wings is much more steeply oblique. Besides this a further line occurs posteriorly, which commences
at costa slightly before the other line, circumvents same in an arc and then proceeds approximately parallel
to the outer margin not extending however as far as the inner margin. On hindwings the chief line, that corres¬
ponds to that of scitaria, is angulated outwards in the centre of the wing. The second line runs parallel to same
about in the middle of the outer area. 26 32 mm.

9. Genus: Itlioclonciirsi Gn.

Rh. parallelina Leech. pale cinnamon brown, $ somewhat darker. Markings the same m both sexes, parallehna
Wings with dark brown striations. On forewings two approximately parallel black transverse lines traverse
the centre. The first is angulated below costa. The second is conjoined to costa by a short black line Ano ler
line proceeds from costa near apex to the middle of outer margin. On hindwings there is a curved black inner
line and a fine line corresponding to the apical line of forewings. 30—32 mm. Central C hina,

Genus: Camptocliilus Hmps.

This Genus is dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 768. A species is now classified here that originally was described
as Pyrinioides Btlr., then placed by Hampson to the Genus Rhodoneura and finally again described by V akren

as Gamptochilus. , .. ... £. i .

C aurea Btlr (= divergens Warr., schedeli Gaede) (16 a). Ground colour orange-yellow with fine dark aurea.

brown striations. A double line proceeds from three quarters of costa of forewings to centre of inner margin
and from the same spot two further lines originate, one proceeding to anal angle and the othei to e

fallax.

228

Index and Reference of palaearctic Thyrididae.

centre of outer margin. Anterior to same on costa a grey-violet spot. On hind wings similar but fainter lines
22 — 27 mm. Japan.

QTl . Q • Tlf\ MfSUMCE^s work “6000 Illustr. Insects of Japan” there are besides a number of descriptions of iapanese
species m the Japanese language and monocoloured illustrations. 1 OI 3aPanese

Striglina suzulcii is probably the same as Stgr. glareola-duplicifimbria Wan., Rhodoneura suqitanii =
Kh. acaciusalis-strigatula Fldr.

Rh. fallax Mats, can be described as an exusta Btlr., in which the basal area is lighter on both wings
so that the central band is more clearly outlined inwardly. The outer band, which is only indicated partially
in exusta, proceeds here uninterruptedly over both wings and crosses the subapical band of forewings as it
extends right to the costa. Japan.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Thyrididae.
* signifies that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

aurea Campt. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 200 (1881).
fallax Rhod. Mats., 6000 Ins. Japan, p. 960.
fixseni Strig. Alph. Mem. Lepid. Roman. 9, p. 167. *
nigra Thyris O.-B.-H., Iris 24, p. 32.

parallelina Rhod. Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 377 (1898).
siculoides Dys. Fldr. Reise Novara Lep. 2. Taf. 75. *

AEGERIA; SPHECIA. By M. Gaede.

229

24 a. Family : Aegerildae.

1. Genus: Aegerla F.

Ae apiformis Cl. (Vol. 2, p. 376, pi. 51 a). In the typical form the tibiae and tarsi are uniformly rusty

brown. _ brumieipes Trti. from Sardinia has middle and hind tibiae and tarsi dark brown outwardly and brunneives

yellowish inwardly. Costa of forewings is slightly darker.

Ae. yezoensis limps. Antennae brown, yellow on upperside at base. Palpi almost completely yellow. ye~oensis.

Body dark brown with leaden sheen. Tegulae reddish yellow. The 3rd abdominal segment is yellow, the

three terminal segments dusted with yellow. Underside red-brown. Tibiae and tarsi yellow-red. Forewings
hyaline yellowish. Veins and margins brown with silvery sheen, base dark brown. Above the inner margin
a' coppery brown streak. Disco-cellular diffuse reddish yellow, similarly below costa near apex. Hindwings
yellowish hyaline, margins narrowly brown. $ 45— 48 mm. Japan.

Ae. molybdoceps Hmps. Antennae dark brown, yellow at base. Palpi yellow, with yellow-red and molybdo-
black hairs on underside of tip. Body dark brown with leaden gloss. Tegulae with yellow edges on top and
patagia with yellow inner edges. A yellow belt on 1st segment of abdomen. The 2nd and 3rd segments with
bright red dusting, 4th segment yellow-red. Underside bright brown, each segment having a yellow-red band.

Tibiae and tarsi yellow-red, hind tibiae edged at extremities outwardly with fire-red, inwardly with black-
brown. Eorewings hyaline yellow, veins and margins brownish red with silvery sheen. Disco-cellular a bril¬
liant orange-red, similarly a streak near the apex. Apical area a rich brown, before the margin led-biown
triangles in the interstices between the veins. Hindwings hyaline yellow. $ 40— 44 mm. Japan.

Ae. pistarcha Meyr. Antennae and body blue-black. Palpi yellow with black spot. Tegulae edged pistarcha.
with yellow. A bold yellow ring on 1st segment of abdomen, the 2nd and 3rd with narrow yellow edges, the
5t,h and 6th more heavily yellow, the 4th entirely yellow. The terminal half of abdomen yellow on underside.

Legs yellow and black. Eorewings hyaline, veins and margins black, only the costa orange-red to beyond
end of cell and the inner margin at base. Also the costa near apex and outwardly of the disco-cellular orange-
red. The outer half of the marginal area is dull reddish intersected by the black veins. Hindwings hyaline.

Fringes of both wings dark grey. $ 16 mm. Morocco.

2. Genus: Spliecia Hbn.

S. crabroniformis Leivin (Vol. 2, p. 378, pi. 51 a). — incognita Strd. ( WarnecJce ) is an aberrative specimen incognita,
from Thuringia of an albinotic tendency. Antennae are still normal and black, the yellow patches on head
and abdomen are also normal. The whole body however is a pale olive grey, where normally it is deep black.

Margins of wings are pale brown, distinctly paler than usual. The legs are approximately as m normal spe¬
cimens. _ orophila Zukoiv. is a mountain form and the counterpart to the preceding. It is smaller (27— 30 mm orophila,
against 35— 42 mm). All veins and margins of wings are blackish, base of wings slightly reddish. Ground
colour of abdomen inclines to a greenish yellow. From Sulden (S. Tyrol).

S. montelli Lofq. is close to crabroniformis (Vol. 2, p. 378, pi. 51a). Head grey-black, collar videh
yellow. Thorax grey-black. Abdomen darker than in crabroniformis. A brown tuft of hair laterally on 1st
segment, otherwise segments 1—6 black, the 3rd to 6th segments anteriorly with varyingly wide yellow edges.
The 7th segment delicately dusted with yellow, anal tuft brownish yellow. Both wings like those of crabrom-
formis, the disco -cellular on forewings is said to be somewhat nearer the base. All 3 tibiae blackish, the
hind tibiae with white central band. $ 40 — 44 mm. Finland.

montelli.

230

MELITTIA; LENYRA; PARANTHRENE. By M. Gaede.

gloriosa. S. gloriosa Le Gerf (= mandarina Le Cerf) (16 c). Antennae black, head white with red hairs. Collar

and patagia yellow. The latter with brown spot anteriorly and at base of forewings. Thorax black brown
m centre, posteriorly yellow. Of abdomen the first 2 segments are brown with black edges, the others lemon
yellow. The 3rd to 5th segments have black edges, the 4th and 5th besides a tinge of red-brown. Underside
of abdomen is yellow, all segments with black-brown edges. Wings hyaline. Eore wings with rusty red veins
and margins, a bold yellow spot at base. On hindwings veins and outer margin are delicately rusty red. Base
and inner margin lemon yellow. Fringes brown. Legs yellow and brown. 50 mm. Thibet.

S. oberthiiri Le Cerf (16 d). Head black with white and yellow patches. Collar yellow. Thorax black-
brown. The first 5 segments of abdomen are black-brown, only the 3rd has a narrow anterior yellow-red edge,
the 6th is yellow anteriorly and black-brown posteriorly. The last two segments are yellow merging into black-
brown. Anal tuft of J is brown. Underside brown, all segments with wide black edges. Wings hyaline, black
at base, margins red-brown. Legs predominantly red-brown. 40—42 mm. Tze-ku.

S. asamaensis limps. Antennae brown, more reddish underneath. Body dark brown, tegulae ochreous.
Thorax red-brown behind the patagia. Abdomen with narrow yellow-red belt behind the 2nd segment and
diffuse bands on two terminal segments. Anal tuft and legs predominantly yellow-red. Forewings hyaline,
veins and margins reddish brown with leaden gloss. Disco-cellular red-brown, similarly a diffuse band behind
the cell. Hindwings hyaline yellowish. $ 34 mm. Japan.

asamaensis .

3. Genus: Melittia Wkr.

gigantea. ^ M. gigantea Mr. (Vol. 10, pi. 94 d). This species, that is dealt with in the Indo-australian part of this work
(Vol. 10, p. 790), extends into Corea and Japan. Thorax dark brown. Wings hyaline, disco-cellular widely black,
similarly the apical area, so that the outer vitreous area is approximately circular. Costa is ochreous brown. Hind¬
wings with delicate dark edges. Legs yellow-red, edged inwardly with yellow hairs. Tarsi black. 44 mm.

staudingeri. M. staudingeri Bsd. (16 d). This species is described from Sikkim (vide Vol. 10, p. 790) from the northern

boundary of the indian territory and it may be assumed that it penetrates from there into palaearctic regions.
We are therefore giving an illustration' here.

gephyra. M. gephyra Amsel. This is close to M. houlberti Le Gerf (= aureosquamata Wallgr., Vol. 14, pi. 77 g)

from Lganda. Antennae black. Palpi, head and thorax reddish yellow. Abdomen blue-black, only the tip
reddish yellow. Legs blue-black, only the fore tibiae yellow-red. Forewings dark lustrous blue, hindwings
glossy violet blue. Fringes of both wings black. $ 31 mm. Jericho.

japona. M. japona Hmps. This name must be introduced for eurytion Bartel in Vol. 2, p. 371, pi. 51 c. The

genuine eurytion Ww. belongs in the. indo-australian territory, but extends as far north as Formosa and is there¬
fore illustrated in Vol. 10, pi. 95 f.

3a. Genus: T^enyra Wkr.

This Genus is otherwise only represented by 1 species each from India and Madagascar. It resembles
Melittia, but the neuration varies somewhat. In forewings veins 9 + 7 + 8 are stalked. In hindwings vein
3 and 4 arise from a point.

simonyi. L. simonyi Bbl. Quite blue-black. Palpi, collar, tips of patagia rusty yellow. On hind tibiae the inner

spurs have white scales. Forewings slightly lustrous greenish. Hindwings also densely scaled. $ 32 mm.
S. Aiabia. (The actual locality is situate in ethiopian territory, but its distribution in palaearctic regions,
in the unexplored wastes of Arabia, is not improbable. We are therefore giving the description here, parti¬
cularly as it is omitted in Vol. 14).

4. Genus: l^aeaiitlirene Him.

P. tabaniformis Rott. (Vol. 2, p. 380, pi. 51 b). Already in Vol. 2 mention was made of the fact that
in northern districts (Berlin, Saxony) specimens occur with 5 irregularly wide belts on abdomen, with antennae
scarcely paler than in tabaniformis. These were hitherto held to be transition forms to the southern rhingiae-
fo) mis Him. (Vol. 2, p. 380, pi. 51 b) and were even denominated as annulifera Closs. Le Cerf has however
discovered that this is the typical rhingiaeformis Hbn. (described from Saxony). We are therefore now illustrating
(16 d) this form. — The species formerly illustrated (Vol. 2, pi. 51b) as rhingiaeformis, should actually be
synagrifor- denominated synagriformis Rmb., described from Malaga and occurring in S. Europe and N. Africa. Rangnow
mis. has demonstrated in breeding experiments carried out in Macedonia, that this form with its yellow thoracical
spots and pale antennae should actually claim specific rights. The larva differs by its red-brown head from
the typical tabaniformis , the head of which is black-brown. It feeds in willow trees and reaches full growth
in one year. Pupation takes place in the burrow. The tabaniformis larva feeds in poplar trees and takes two

SYNANTHEDON. By M. Gaede.

231

years to mature, pupation taking place in a cocoon. — intermedia Le Cerf (10 d) resembles synagrijormis in intermedia.
the $ sex having the same yellow patches on thorax and abdomen. The $ is relatively small. 'I horax has no
yellow spots on upperside. On abdomen the yellow belts are absent on the 1st, 4th and 5th segments on the
upperside. The 2nd and 3rd have equally wide lateral yellow edges, the 6th and 7th are quite yellow. Both
in and $ forewings have a narrow long vitreous strip in and below the cell. N. Africa. — diaphana Schaw. diaphana.
Four specimens of this have been captured in Bosnia. The yellow patches of body are slightly paler than usual.

Forewings are hyaline. Only the costa, inner margin and disco -cellular being reddish yellow. Outer margin
and fringes pale brown.

P. aurantiacum Rbl. Somewhat similar to tabaniformis Rott. (Vol. 2, p. 380, pi. 51 b). Antennae long, aurantia-
orange yellow, the lamellae black, brownish at tip. Palpi yellow and orange. Collar yellow at the sides.

Patagia with narrow yellow edge, a yellow spot at base of forewings. The 2nd, 4th and 7th segments of
abdomen with yellow edges. The 3rd segment is yellow underneath. Fore femora yellow outwardly, otherwise
the legs are orange yellow. Forewings narrow, dull orange with black veins and margin. rl he cuneiform
and longitudinal areas are narrow and short, somewhat hyaline behind the cell above vein 3. Hindwings
vitreous, disco -cellular orange yellow, the other veins yellow-brown. On underside the scaling of both wings
is pale orange yellow. £ 32 mm. Amanus mountains.

P. insolitus Le Cerf (16 d). Body black. Thorax and patagia with a few yellow dots. The 2nd, 6th insolitus.
and 7th segments of abdomen with yellow edges. Anal tuft with a few yellow hairs. On underside all segments
with yellow edges. Legs predominantly yellow. Forewings reddish brown, black towards base, with a yellow
basal spot on costa. A long narrow hyaline streak in and below the cell. In outer area a similar vitreous spot
between veins 3 and 4. Hindwings hyaline, veins and marginal line delicately reddish brown. Underside
of forewings paler yellowish. <$ 30 mm. Akbes.

P. davidi Le Cerf. Body longer, similar to bicincta Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 380, pi. 50 k). Body metallic black, davidi.
Abdomen with narrow yellow edges on 2nd and 4th segments. Anal tuft with a few white hairs at sides. Fore¬
wings blackish brown. The areas in and below the cell are hyaline, diffusedly so up to the end of cell. Hind¬
wings quite hyaline with finely marked black disco-cellular and margin. Differing only materially from
bicincta Wkr. by the slight vitreous area in forewings. $ 27 — 29 mm. Moupin.

P. pernix Leech. The species was described by the author as a Rembecia. In Vol. 2, p. 409 it was pernix.

placed under the Chamaesphecia. According to Le Cerf it should be placed here and it can be described as
a davidi with somewhat different belts on abdomen.

P. daisensis Mats. Similar to ferale Leech (Vol. 2, p. 380, pi. 51 d). Black-blue. Tegulae with orange daisensis.

yellow anterior edge. The 4th segment of abdomen with wide orange yellow band, a narrower one at sides

of 2nd segment. On forewings there is a narrow subhyaline stripe in the cell and a shorter one below same.
Hindwings entirely hyaline.. R 42 mm. Honshu (Japan).

P. yezonica Mats. Palpi anteriorly orange yellow. Body reddish brown with black-brown scales. ye~onh-a.
Abdomen metallic steel blue. An orange yellow belt on 4th segment expanding on underside. Legs black-
brown. In $ the antennae are serrate. <§ 38 mm. Hokkaido.

P. hirayamai Mats. Body reddish brown with darker scales. Tegulae whitish. The 2nd and 4th ab- hirayamai.
dominal segments with a whitish yellow band, a white lateral mark on 6th segment. Legs dark with }ellov
patches. Forewings dark brown, coppery brown in centre. The veins and clisco-cellular darker. Hindwings
hyaline, veins and margins coppery brown. Fringes of both wings dark grey. V’ -b mm- Honshu.

6. Genus: Syiiantlietloii Hbn.

S. flaviventris Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 384, pi. 51 d). This species is also found in England, partly in typical
specimens, partly in aberrative forms. In the latter the black patches of fore wings are more or less densely
dusted with orange yellow. This occurs at base, costa, inner margin and especially heavily on disco-cellular.

At outer margin however there are only traces of yellow scales: fulva Trnr. fuha.

S. cephiformis O. (Vol. 2, p. 384, pi. 51 d). In fumosa SchiUze the usually yellow patches on body, fumosa,
palpi and legs are a brown-yellow. The hairs at base of both wings are grey. This form was once hied in Saxon} ,
a number of specimens being obtained.

S. conopiformis Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 385, pi. 51 cl). Specimens from Vendee in which the yellow belts on
abdomen and the yellow legs are about as striking, as illustrated in Vol. 2, pi. 51 f for ichneumon ifo) mis, aie ^ ^

named: lucasi Le Cerf (16 e).

S. vespiformis L. (Vol. 2, p. 385, pi. 51 e). — polycincta Le Cerf (16 e) is a similar variety to lucasi just polycincta.
described above. On abdomen of the R the yellow bands are closely compressed together, only at base a stretch
is free of them. This form is found in Spain.

232

SYNANTHEDON. By M. Gaede.

S. melliniformis Lasp. Described from Saxony and dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 385, but not illustrated.
An illustration is now being given (16 i).

codeti. S. codeti Oberth. (16 e). According to Le Cere this is not a form of vespiformis, but a genuine species.

atavus. A number of subforms are described. — atavus Le Cerf occurs at Sebdou in Algeria among typical specimens;
inversa. the fore femora have wide yellow edges. — inversa Le Cerf (16 e) has base of forelegs yellow. The 4th to
7th abdominal segments are yellow on underside with a black band at base. Forewings of typical colouration.
The outer hyaline patch is said to be quadrangular, as wide as the black margin. In the $ the forelegs are
quite black. The 3rd to 5th abdominal segments are yellow on underside, the 6th having only a few yellow
scales. On forewings the disco -cellular is said to be somewhat narrower and the outer margin rounded at the
hyaline patch. On upperside the abdomen of $ and $ has a yellow ring at base and at tip. Besides there is
maroccana. a yellow belt on 5th segment which is wider in the + — maroccana Le Cerf. In both sexes there is a narrow
yellow abdominal ring on the 2nd segment. In the $ there are a few yellow hairs on the last segment. The
black scaling at outer margin of forewings is very wide, covering the fork in veins 7 + 8. It is bestrewn
with pale yellow scales, so that the general impression is one of a grey colour. In the $ the 4th to 6th
segments of abdomen are completely yellow on upperside. On forewings the hyaline patch extends beyond
almohades. the fork of veins 7 + 8. A pair of this form has been captured. 15 mm. Cape Spartel. — almohades Le Cerf
like the previous form, has 3 yellow bands on abdomen, but has a greater preponderance of yellow. The
yellow dusting of the patagia is very heavy at their base and this extends to the centre of inner margin.
Thorax is posteriorly entirely yellow. The 4th abdominal segment is yellow on upperside with black base,
the edges of the 2nd segment are almost as bold as in the 6th. Fore wings correspond to those of typical
codeti, having a wider dark marginal area than the outer hyaline spot. The inner edge of the marginal area
is straight and it covers the fork of veins 7+8. The patagia of the $ less widely yellow. Thorax is

black posteriorly, only a few yellow scales in centre. The 2nd abdominal segment is a deeper yellow on

kabylaria. upperside. 15 — 20 mm. Cordoba, Granada. — kabylaria Le Cerf (16 d). This occurs at Constantine and like
maroccana it has 3 yellow bands on abdomen and the base of forelegs in both sexes is yellow. It is larger
than all the other races. In the $ the yellow scaling posteriorly on thorax is narrow. The edge of 2nd
abdominal segment is narrower on upperside, that of the 6th segment consists only of a few scales, whilst on
underside of last segment there are no yellow scales at all. On forewings the marginal area is only faintly
dusted with yellow-red.* There is no yellow line at base of patagia. In the $ the thorax is anteriorly even
less yellow than in the + The edge of the 6th segment is as narrow1 as that of 2nd, the band on 4th segment

is narrower in the centre. On underside the 4th and 5th segments are only half yellow, the edge of the 6th

is as narrow as on upperside. 18 — 22 mm. — In typical codeti Oberth. the 4th and 7th segments of abdomen
are yellow with black base on upper and undersides, the 6th is only in exceptional cases edged delicately
with yellow on upperside. On underside the middle of the 5th and 6th segments is yellow. In contrast
in the $ the 4th segment of abdomen is completely yellow on upper and undersides, the 5th and 6th only
having a yellow edge on underside. — In regard to the food plant a mistake was made in Vol. 2, p. 385,
it should have read tamarisk and not tamarind.

icingulata. S. myopaeformis Bkh. (Vol. 2, p. 385, pi. 51 e). - bicingulata Rbl. has also base of abdomen red, whilst in

the type only the 4th segment has a red belt.

S. cruentata Mann (Vol. 2, p. 387, pi. 52 a). We have to add here the name mutillaeformis Godt. to
the synonyms. Among the many specimens bred from Catania, where the species is common, there are 3
with scarcely any red scales on centre of abdomen. The forelegs are black and in one instance the white
lugubris. colouration of the tip of the antennae is absent: lugubris Ragusa.
tliery i. S. theryi Le Cerf (16 cl). Antennae black on upperside, on outer edge and on underside reddish yellow,

except at tip. Thorax with a few yellow dots. Abdomen black-blue on upperside. The 4th and 7th segments
quite yellow, the 2nd and 6th with wide yellow edges. Anal brush with 3 tufts, yellow in centre. Underside
yellow, only the anterior half of the 4th and the base of the 8th segments black. Wings hyaline and very
elongate. Veins and margins black. The disco-cellular narrowly orange red. On hindwings the veins are
delicately black. Legs black and yellow. 18 mm. Algeria.
insidiosa. S. insidiosa Le Cerf. Very like velox Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 388, pi. 51 e). Antennae, palpi and body black.

The 4th and 6th abdominal segments with narrow white edges on upperside. Wings hyaline. There is a
snow white spot at base of forewings. Veins and margins blue-black. The disco-cellular outwardly with
orange red spot. Similar coloured scales at base of cell and at inner margin. On hindwings the base is
somewhat more widely black. Veins and margins narrowly black. On underside the forewings are suffused
with pale yellow, the disco-cellular of hindwings is orange red on upperside. Legs black, hind tibiae with
a few orange red hairs. $ 20 mm. Nanshan.

mimus. S. mimus Le Cerf (16 e). Very close to andrenaeformis Lasp. (Vol. 2, p. 383, pi. 51 d). Antennae blue-

black on upperside, brown underneath. Thorax blue-black, collar with yellow scales at the sides. Abdomen
blue-black, the 2nd, 4th and 7th segments with pale yellow edges on upperside. There are also yellow hairs
in centre of anal tuft. On underside the 4th to 6th segments are completely white, the 8th yellow. Legs black
with white patches.

Publ. 4. IX. 1933.

DIPSOSPHECIA. By M. Gaede.

233

Wings hyaline. Veins and margins of forewings black. The hyaline patch behind the cell is very large, but
the margin still covers the spot where veins 7 + 8 divide. Hindwings similar, with yellow costal margin on
underside. <$ 16 mm. Macerata (Italy).

S. moupkiicola Strd. The entire body is bronze black with blue gloss. Legs black with a few white mowpini-
patches. There do not appear to be any coloured belts on abdomen. Wings hyaline. Disco-cellular nervure cola'

of forewings is broad and somewhat oblique. The outer margin is parallel to same and straight. The dividing
point of veins 7 + 8 is still in the hyaline patch. On hindwings only the anterior part of the disco -cellular is
black. $ 27 mm. Moupin.

S. martjanovi Shelj. Similar to tipuliformis Cl. and flaviventris Stgr. (Vol. 2, pi. 51 d). The entire body martjanovi.
black with blue gloss. The 4th and 6th segments of abdomen with yellow belts, that of the latter with white
edge on underside. Anal tuft yellow in centre on upperside. Legs black-brown, mid and hind tibiae with white
rings. A 18 mm. East Siberia.

S. nihonica Bartel (Vol. 2, p. 388, pi. 50 g) is synonymous with Conopia, quercus Mats. Further Mat-
Sitmura has described a number of Conopia species, which we are here enumerating under Synanthedon, as
also other species, which were classified under Synanthedon in Vol. 2, have been designated by him as Conopia.

S. chibensis Mats. Body yellowish brown to dark brown. A few spots and streaks on thorax. The chlbensis.
edges of all the segments of abdomen are yellow, those of the 4th and 7th being widest. Legs yellow with black
patches. Wings hyaline. Veins and margins of forewings black. Vein 2 is absent, 7 + 8 stalked. 26 mm.

Japan.

S. chosensis Mats. Palpi orange-yellow, black laterally. Head black, tegulae white. Abdomen with chosensis.

3 narrow yellow belts. Legs black with yellowish white patches. Wings hyaline. Veins and margins of fore¬
wing black. Costal margin and disco-cellular nervure widely black, marginal area dusky. 18 mm. Corea.

S. galloisi Mats. Body black Palpi, patagia, legs, belts of abdomen and underside yellow. Legs with galloisi.
black patches. Wings hyaline, veins of forewings black. Disco-cellular nervure with orange-yellow outer edge.

Thence upwards to apex yellow-red scales. Hindwings with yellow-grey costa. 25 mm. Corea.

S. producta Mats. Similar to hector Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 383, pi. 51 d) differing by the patch at disco-cell- producta.
ular nervure which in this case forms an arc inwards. The 2nd and 4th segments of abdomen have yellow
belts, of which the latter is wider and is complete on underside. Palpi and patagia are whitish. $ 20 mm. Hokkaido.

7. Genus: Dfpsospliecia Spul.

D. dispar Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 389, pi. 52 a). TVo sub-forms have been described. The genuine dispar in
the G is somewhat brownish yellow also at outer margin on forewings. Inner margin of hindwings is ye! low-
ish. The anterior part of the' underside of abdomen has no pale bands. The $ has a blue-black body, fore¬
wings and hindwings are dark and without a hyaline patch, forewings slightly paler. These distinctive parti¬
culars were not given in the original description, but are mentioned now, so as to stress the differences of the
two new forms. — oberthihi Le Cerf (16 e) is larger and somewhat paler. The yellow belts on abdomen are oberthuri.
wider and more regular on upper and undersides; there is also the indication of a belt on underside at base
of abdomen. Forewings less yellowish before the margin, the entire border is narrower - disco-cellular nervure
very widely black. On hindwings the inner margin is not dusted with yellow. The $ with blue-black body,
forewings and hindwings equally dark. Behind the cell, between veins 2 and 4 there are two distinct, narrow
hyaline patches. 24 — 30 mm. Bou-Saada, Algeria. A gynandromorph of this form exists in which the left side
and body are female, the right antennae, wings and legs are male. — dumonti Le Cerf (16 e) has very wide dumonti.
yellow bands on abdomen, especially those of the 4th to 7th segments, w+ere only a very narrow black divid¬
ing line is left. At base of anal tuft there is a yellow triangle on upperside. Forewings as in oberthuri. However
outwardly of disco -cellular the yellow dusting forms a triangular patch (in one specimen this only occurs on
the underside). On hindwings veins and disco-cellular are faintly dusted with yellow on upperside, more heavily
so however on underside. The $ does not vary materially from oberthuri. There are 2 pairs of this form in
the Pungeler collection, one from Gafsa (Tunis) the $ of which is a typical dispar , the $ on the other hand
and in contrast to the original description has definitely hyaline hindwings. The 2nd pair from Bou-Saada
consists of dumonti <$ and oberthuri + According to Hampson dispar should actually be classified in the other¬
wise American Genus Euhagena, of which one species nobilis (Vol. 14, p. 523) also occurs in Africa.

D. hymenopteriformis Bell. (Vol. 2, p. 390, pi. 52 b). The main form of hymenopteriformis has black
antennae, 3 white belts on abdomen and a more or less pale patch on forewings behind the cell. — The form
algeriensis Le Cerf (= algirica Le Cerf) has distinct clear hyaline patches in and behind the cell, in also a algeriensis.
vitreous streak below the cell. — In ducellieri $ Le Cerf ( 1 6 f ) the white belts of abdomen have additionally ducellieri.
a wide anterior yellow edge. Also the antennae are considerably dusted with ochreous yellow. Both forms
emanate from Algeria.

Supplementary Volume 2

30

234

CHAMAESPHECIA. By M. Gaede.

altanilca. B. uroceriformis Tr. (Vol. 2, p. 391, pi. 51 f). — altantica $ Le Cerf (16 f) does not vary from typical

form on upperside of body. On underside the anterior yellow segmental edgings however are almost com¬
plete. On forewings the disco-cellular is more an orange-red than yellow, the outer hyaline patch is larger and
also the inner margin is more extensively orange-yellow. On underside of forewings the costa is pale "yellow
not black. Morocco.

D. ichneumonijormis F. (Vol. 2, p. 392, pi. 51 f). lugubris Stgr. as mentioned already in Vol. 2, has a
black abdomen without yellow belts. However it is not the exclusive form of Asia Minor. A specimen from
Ivonia in the Pungeler collection has normal yellow belts and the yellow dusting of forewings is even rather
Cilbanensis. more pronounced. — In albanensis $ Rbl. from Albania the vitreous patch of forew'ings above the inner margin
is completely black-brown. Also the outer hyaline area has similar scales. On hindwings the veins are widely
corcyrensis. dark. — corcyrensis $ Rbl. is an extreme of the previous form. Forewings are completely dusted over with
black-brown, only the clisco-cellular nervure and inner margin are red. Corfu.

tumtana. D. megillaeformis Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 392, pi. 51 f). — tunetana Oberth. (16 e) resembles ichneumonijormis

by the increased number of yellow belts on abdomen. Outer margin of forewings is wider and paler yellow
than in type and also the inner margin is distinctly yellow. Tunis.

D. gruneri Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 396). A £ in the Pungeler collection has a delicately fine hyaline streak

behind the cell. The illustration on pi. 52 a represents tenebrosa, the description of gruneri was correct. _ The

norma, form norm a Le Cerf (16 f) also from Asia Minor, has normally hyaline forewings, disco-cellular nervure is black,
widely red outwardly. The edge of the 2nd segment is whiter than type.

tenebrosa. D. tenebrosa Pglr. Body black. Forewings also black. Narrowly hyaline in the cell and below' same

a short vitreous streak. Boldly red behind the black disco-cellular nervure. Beyond same a hyaline patch
of the same dimensions as the red mark. At inner margin narrowly red. The species is illustrated in Vol. 2,
pi. 52 a as gruneri, but all the pale segmental edges should be eliminated. Only the anal tuft is laterally grev-
yellow. In the $ the hyaline patches on forewings are reduced in size. On hindwings the black margin diffuses
inwardly. 26—32 mm. Askhabad. Northern Persia was probably erroneously stated as locality for gruneri
in Vol. 2. The illustration on pi. 52 a as gruneri was due to a wrong classification.

miranda. D. tengyraeformis H.-ScJidff. (Vol. 2, p. 396, pi. 51 c). The form miranda $ Le Cerf (16 f) has a white

spot on frons and the centre of anal tuft is yellow. Forewings are more inclined to orange than red and this
colour extends beyond the disco-cellular nervure, which is not black. Also on underside the forewings are
orange instead of black. Anatolia.

D. sirphiformis Luc. (Vol. 2, p. 391). According to Le Cerf the description given is incorrect and there
appears to have been some confusion with flavida Oberth. Le Cerf states that the hyaline patch behind the cell
in sirphiformis Luc. is not much larger than the scaled marginal area. On abdomen on the upperside of all
segments there are alternating narrow and wide yellow edges, no segment is completely yellow. — On the other
flavida. hand in flavida Oberth. (16f) the hyaline patch is much larger than the marginal area.' On abdomen the 2nd
segment has a narrow yellow edge, the 4th, 6th and 7th segments are completely yellow. Both species are
described from Algeria.

lealavrytana. D. kalavrytana Shelf. Body black, patagia with golden yellow edges. All segments of abdomen with

wide golden yellow edges on upperside. Anal tuft with orange-red central patch on upperside. Mid and hind
tibiae yellow-red, tarsi black on upper side. Forewings black-brown. In place of the outer hyaline patch there
is an intensively red spot, which is intersected by the black veins. The inner margin is also red. Occasionally
there is a narrow hyaline streak in the cell. Hindwings hyaline, only the outer third with dusky dusting. Disco-
cellular nervure black, with red outer edge, more widely red towards the costa. Underside of forewings is yellow,
also the inner margin, only the disco-cellular has a red edge. $ 22 mm. Morea.

2 nygmaeum. D. pygmaeum Rbl. Somewhat similar to stiziformis H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 397, pi. 52 a) but differing

from same by the distinctive black and yellow legs. Forewings densely scaled with black-brown. A spot at
base and a larger one on disco-cellular nervure are red. Palpi yellow. On the black abdomen, segment 3 has
lateral yellow marks, segments 8 and 9 have wide yellow belts. 15—17 mm. S. Arabia,

8. Genus: CliamaesphecJa Splr.

Ch. doryliformis 0. (Vol. 2, p. 397, pi. 51 k, 1). A number of subsidiary forms have been described:
dtimena. chirnena Le Cerf (16 i) has no red scales on abdomen and no white edges to segments, the ground colour being
betneri. uniformly black-brown. Andalusia. - bellieri Le Cerf (16 i) from Spain is larger. In the $ the antennae are
more extensively yellow. On forewings the inner margin and disco-cellular nervure are yellow -red. Besides
ting it ana. in the 2 the white edges to abdominal segments have wide red anterior margins. — tingitana Le Cerf (1Q> g, h)
from Morocco has in the £ only the central one of the 3 white abdominal belts; in the $ the 2 posterior ones
are present. Abdomen of $ has no reddish dusting, but is as black-brown as in On forewings slightly red
Chretieni. at disco-cellular nervure and at inner margin. — chretieni $ from Tangiers is a somewhat melanic form. The
red dusting on upper side of abdomen is missing, a few reddish hairs are still present in anal tuft, only the

CH AMAE SPHECI A. By M. Gaede.

235

most anterior of the 3 normal white belts is faintly retained. — funebris Le Gerf also from Tangiers is still dark- funebris.
er. No white belt is retained on abdomen. The anal tuft has no trace of red and also the legs are even darker
than in tingitana. — The typical locality for doryliformis is Portugal. Later on no specimens appear to have
come from there, but only from Spain. The Portuguese specimens are not suitable for description, as they are
in very bad condition. The Spanish race, which is now separated as — andalusiaca Le Gerf (= doryliformis andalusiaca.
auct.) has a bronze black body. Patagia of $ with yellow edges, 3 white bands on upperside of abdomen,
palpi yellow. Forewings with large hyaline patches. A few yellow scales at disco-cellular. Further yellow-
red scales at base of inner margin and on costa. In the $ the edges of patagia are red, abdomen somewhat
dusted with yellow-red, similarly the anal tuft with yellow -red, which in the is impure yellowish. On fore¬
wings all those patches that are yellow in the are yellow-red in

Ch. euglossaeformis Luc. (16 h and Vol. 2, p. 398, pi. 51 1) would probably best be deemed a form of euglossae-
doryliformis. A $ of this form with 3 white belts on abdomen and yellow dusting instead of red, is named —
flavina Le Gerf (16 f). Also underside of abdomen is extensively yellowish. Constantine. — intermedia Le Gerf flavina.
forms a transition to ceriaeformis Luc. In the $ the yellow scales on 4th, 6th and 7th segments are more exten- intermedia.
sive on upperside. Hind tibiae are orange-red. On forewings the scaled areas are blacker. The red scales at
disco-cellular and on inner margin are more intensive. In $ the red scaling on abdomen is extensive, the white
bands on the other hand scarcely visible. Base of hindwings on upperside is brownish. On forewings the red
patches are very pronounced in the Algeria. — melanina Le Gerf is a melanic form of euglossaeformis. The melanina.
body is quite black except for the middle of the anal tuft, which is still somewhat red on upperside. There are
some red scales retained at inner margin of forewings and also the hind tibiae show traces of red. On the other
hand the disco-cellular nervure of forewings is quite devoid of red scales, whilst in the darkest specimens of
ceriaeformis , these are always present.

Ch. icteropus Z. (Vol. 2, p. 398, pi. 50 i) from Sicily would appear to be only a dwarf form of doryli¬
formis. Its most western form is subceriaeformis Le Gerf described from a $ from Andalusia. Body black, patagia subceriae-
with red edges; of the 2 white belts of abdomen, the 2nd one also has a red anterior border. Anal tuft with
2 red spots. Hind tibiae red. The hyaline patches of forewings are small, the inner margin is red at base.

The other forms emanate from N. Africa. — maghrebica Le Gerf (16 g) has a blue-black body. In the $ the maghrebica.
patagia have delicate yellow edges. On abdomen there is a wide white belt, which has anteriorly a pale
yellow edge. The anal tuft is pale yellow in centre and laterally. Legs yellow. On forewings the costa is blue-
black, inner margin and disco-cellular nervure fiery red, the hyaline patch large. Also on hindwings there are
red scales outwardly on disco-cellular. The $ differs from that of subceriaeformis as follows : The white edges
are absent on abdomen, only the anal tuft is somewhat red in centre. The hyaline patches of forewings are
slightly larger. The outer vitreous area is edged inwardly and outwardly faintly with red. The red streak on
inner margin is bolder. From W. Morocco. — To be placed here is ceriaeformis Luc. which occurs in Algeria
and which* was dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 398, pi. 50 k. — xanthia Le Gerf (16 g) is a sub-form to same. Here all xanthia.
the vermilion or'recl patches of ceriaeformis are replaced by yellow. — tristis $ Le Gerf (16 g, h) has no yellow tristis.
edges to the patagia and no yellow hairs in centre of anal tuft. The tibiae are somewhat blackish at each
extremity, otherwise there are no differences from xanthia. — fatma k Le C erf (16 i) has the typical \ti- fatma.
milion markings of ceriaeformis and besides 3 white belts on upperside of abdomen with a few red scales an¬
teriorly to same. In transitions to ceriaeformis the red scales may be absent and occasionally also the first
white belt is missing. Very rarely only the middle belt of abdomen is present. Algeria. — auresiana k Le Gerf auresiana.
is almost identical with fatma. The red palpi differentiate same. In all the other forms they are black. Also
the base of hindwings is red. From the Arnes mountains. — Geographically icteropus Z. from Sicily, which
was dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 398, pi. 50 i, would be grouped here. — Within the species doryliformis we have
the sub-groups doryliformis and euglossaeformis on the one hand and those of icteropus and ceriaeformis on
the other and both are close to one another. A dichotomous table for classifying the subspecies cannot be
given here for want of space. In Oberthur Vol. 17, p. 406 etc. such a table occupies 5 pages.

Ch. minianiformis Fit. (Vol. 2, p. 398, pi. 51 1). In the type form the A has yellow palpi which aie out¬
wardly with black hairs. In the $ they are quite orange. — nigrobarbata <j> PM. from Crete has deeply black nigrobar -
hairs on central joint of palpi.

Ch. chrysidiformis Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 399, pi. 52 d). — sicula Le Gerf although varying among them- sicula.
selves somewhat, are generally easily recognisable. Palpi of E white. On abdomen edges of 2 segments are
white. Disco-cellular nervure of forewings is black on upperside, often with vermilion outer edge, entirely ver¬
milion on underside. On hindwings the black margin is wider at apex. Tarsi are white. In the $ the tips
of palpi are yellow. The white edges on abdominal segments as in $. On forewings there is only a hyaline
patch in the cell, below and behind same, wings are scaled with red. The patch on disco-cellular nervure is
slightly black. Fore tarsi blue-black. From Sicily. — melanoxanthia $ Le Gerf (16 g) is a sub-form. The melano.van-
black dusting on forewings is much more extensive, the usual vermilion patches much reduced and pale yel¬
low. On underside the entire markings are pale yellow. Also the tibiae are yellow, the tarsi remain white.

The genuine chrysidiformis has hitherto not been found in Sicily and sicula may perhaps be a separate species.

— castiliana Le Gerf (16 g) is also yellow instead of the typical red on forewings below and behind the cell, castiliana.

236

CHAMAESPHECIA. By M. Gaede.

louisae.

palli pcs.

nidi a.
phoenix.

costa and disco-cellular nervure remain black. Legs and anal tuft yellow only in the $ the latter is red-yellow

anthracias. All tarsi and underside of costa of forewings are white. — anthracias Le Gerf is a melanic sub-form On under-
SKle it does not differ from melanoxanthia. On upperside of forewings the yellow patches of castiliana are
dusky, the white belts of abdomen are absent and the legs are black. — Two new sub-forms of obturata
which was dealt with m Vol. 2, p. 399, have been described. Both, like castiliana, have only one white belt
011 a xlo™en- The first of these margaritosa Le Gerf (16 i) scarcely differs from obturata, but as the latter has
"VI ';^ll i!;ustrated, we are giving an illustration here (16 i, under the name margaritosa). — chlorotica
Le Lerf 16 g) shows a much more extensive grey-black dusting in outer area of forewings, the black spot on
disco-cellular nervure is very pronounced. Castile.

tie*™,,,,,- Ch kiedermaimi Le Oerf. Body blue-black. Patagia with yellow edges. The 2nd, 4th and 6th see-

• men s of abdomen with white edges. Tibiae and tarsi yellow. Forewings with large hyaline patches, the outer
one >emg as large as the marginal area behind same. Inner margin of wings and outer 2/rds of the disco-
cellular vermilion, marginal area red-yellow, otherwise base, margins and veins black. Hindwings hyaline
>ase and inner margin pale yellow. In the $ the patagia are edged with vermilion, also centre of anal tuft
and tibiae. On forewings the inner margin and the space behind the cell are vermilion, the rest is dusted with
•lack. 14 mdwings hyaline, vermilion at base, disco-cellular nervure slightly red. 23 mm. Morocco.

Ch- seitzi P,uJlr- (Vo1- T p. 400, pi. 51 1). It was already mentioned in the original description that
the species was subject to variation and this has induced many denominations. The type of seitzi $ has a red
>e on abdomen, specimens without same have not yet been named. — louisae Le Gerf (16 h) has the last 4
segments of abdomen red in the <?, in the $ only the last 3 are red. On forewings the colour is more of a
vermilion and the margin is more widely dusted with black. From Lambessa, where seitzi also occurs. The
moroccan form — palhpes Le Gerf differs from louisae only by the ochreous white spurs and tarsi to the
3 pairs of kgs. aicha $ Le Gerf is also a moroccan form, differing from louisae by traces of hyaline patches

m and behind the cell of forewings. — A transition to same is phoenix Le Gerf from Morocco.' In the A the

costa is widely black to vein 7 and the disco -cellular nervure merges in same. In and behind the cell there
are vestiges of hyaline patches, which are dusted with black and reddish. Outer margin is narrowly black
Hindwings hyaline. In the ? there are no hyaline patches on forewings, the cell is black. The 3 last seg¬
ments of abdomen on upper side and the 4 last segments on underside are black. Morocco. — Larger speci¬
mens of all these forms can also be designated by the supplementary name : major Rothsch.

Ch. schmidtiiformis Frr. (Vol. 2, p. 401, pi. 52 e). Already in Vol. 2, two exceptionally pale yellow 99
pouloh. were mentioned from Ivoma, corresponding to chrysidiformis-castiliana. They can be classified as pouloti Le Gerf.
All the reddish patches of wings, legs and body are yellow.

meieH' . , . M-fcfifonnis H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 400, pi. 50 k). - meieri Std. denotes a <J, in which the thin red

abdominal belt is absent, the anal tuft is similarly uniformly black on upper and undersides. Aspromonte.

9ravesi- ^ Ch. graves? Rbl. Similar to the variable loewii Z. (Vol. 2, p. 402, pi. 51 g). Palpi lemon-yellow, in
the d slightly black outwardly. Antennae of £ with long cilia, buff inwardly with black tip, outwardly black
brown. Body Mack only the frons white, end of patagia yellow-white. Abdomen with .lemon-yellow edges
to the 2nd 4th and 6th segments, in the <? also on upperside of 7th; on underside there is no belt on 6th
segment. Anal tuft black, with yellow hairs in the <J. Forewings hyaline with wide black edges The longi-
tudmal area only faintly indicated, sometimes absent in $. The cuneiform area of forewings without yellow
< c ge. The outer hyaline area is 5 partite m 3 and large; in $ it is 3 partite and very small. Hindwings hyaline

Underside of costa and inner margin of forewings lemon-yellow, on hindwings base of inner margin similarly
io — 20 mm. Cyprus. ° J '

Clerm0niL ... , , Ch‘ clf Le Gerf Close to annelkUa Z. (Vol. 2, p. 403, pi. 51 g). Antennae yery long. Palpi white
vi i hack lateral lines. Body blue-black. Patagia finely edged with yellow on uppersides, behind same on

1 f ! a X ?W'" e ateral spots- The 4th and 7til abdominal segments with white edges, anal tuft black
with white hairs in centre. On underside the 1st and 4th segments have posterior white edges, the 2nd is quite
white Legs black with white patches. Forewmgs hyaline with black-brown veins and margins. The longi¬
tudinal area is short, the outer vitreous area very large. The disco-cellular nervure is widely black Hind¬
wings hyaline. Costa of both wings on underside is yellow-white. 16 mm. Dobrudja.

dum0nii- with vpllCnt dr®ntiif °ZL{U Re!a!ed t0 Tnellata Z- {Yol2> p- 403’ pl 51 §)• Body blue-black, patagia
, . * ,r i n< 1 and ' abdominal segments with indistinct yellow-white, edges, anal tuft varie-

gated with yellow Legs black with yellow patches. Wings hyaline, veins and margins of forewings widely
aonze-black. in the $ the 2nd, 4th and 6th abdominal segments are more distinctly edged with yellow-white
Anal tuft is almost completely yellow. 21 mm. Maritime Alps. J

ba'mniCa ■ ,t ,. “J' i,a'Ca"ica (l,Sh»- Similar t0 BaM “d Bartel. Body black, throughout

ite enttre length an interrupted orange-yellow central line. Patagia with orange edges, anal tuft with a few

. o ,7--- ” 'Uiv. J ainuict Willi Uiciime eU<J(

orange hairs m the 3, in the $ predominantly orange with blackish centre. The 2nd

4th and 6th

segments

CH AM AE SPHECI A. By M. Gaede.

237

sharply outlined with white edges on upperside. Forewings hyaline with black margins, in the $ margin is
wider, so that the longitudinal area is only faintly present at base. The outer area in <J is 5 partite,
the fork between veins 7 + 8 is scaled ; in $ it is rather more than 3 partite and shorter. The black outer
margin has orange-yellow streaks between the veins. Hindwings hyaline. 22 26 mm. Macedonia. Pungeler

had denoted the species as rangnowi, but never published the name, although specimens may have found then
way to other collections under this name.

Ch. powelli Le Cerf (16 h). Body black, patagia with yellow edges, an interrupted dark yellow central powelli.
dorsal line. The 2nd, 4th, 5th and 6th segments with white edges. Anal tuft somewhat yellowish. On under¬
side the 4th to 6th segments are predominantly yellow whilst in balcanica they are black. Forewings with well
developed hyaline patches, the outer one extends almost to the outer margin. Underside of costa pale yellow.

Hindwings hyaline. In the $ the 2nd and 4th segments are widely edged with yellow, the 5th and 6th nar¬
rowly. On forewings the hyaline patches are smaller, the longitudinal area is absent. At disco-cellular nervine
there are no yellow scales as in the The species is described as a Dipsosphecia. We are giving as an illu¬
stration a figure of Chamaesphecia poivelli which appears to be the same species, same however has white belts
on segments 2, 4 and 6. In other respects the two descriptions are identical. Morocco.

Ch. stelidiformis Frr. (Vol. 2, p. 406, pi. 51 i). The form — amygdaloides Schleppnitz is very well de- amygdaloP
scribed by the author and the variations exactly stated. It is about y3rd larger than the main type form from
around Vienna. The black margins of the wings are more intensive and those of hindwings also wider. Costa
of forewings is wider so that the vitreous cuneiform mark is reduced in size; also the outer hyaline area is
smaller. The row of dots on abdomen is more pronounced. The larvae feed in Euphorbia amygdaloides. It
occurs in N. E. Lower Austria.

Ch. palustris Kautz. Very similar to stelidiformis Frr. (Vol. 2, p. 406, pi. 51 i) but larger. Antennae palustris.
of both sexes blackish without the yellow or brownish markings of stelidiformis. Body inclined to be more
golden brown, a yellowish white edge to the 4tlr abdominal segment and a similar dorsal line in cf, in with
3 similar spots. Forewings hyaline, browm at margins, the disco-cellular nervure somewhat darker. In the $
the longitudinal area is also scaled, in the 0 however it is hyaline. 28 30 mm. Brack, Upper Austria.

Ch. anthrax Le Cerf (16 i). Body deep black. Fore tarsi white, similarly the edge of 4th abdominal anthrax.
segment and laterally the anal tuft. The 3 vitreous patches of forewing fairly large. 0 19 mm. Oran.

Ch. a! nr ana Rbl. Similar to osmiaeformis H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 407, pi. 52 d) but the antennae of o almana.
are longer and deep black. The 2nd, 4th and 6th segments of abdomen are edged widely with pale yellow.

On forewings the longitudinal area is scaled with orange. Disco-cellular nervure of hindwings is widely black,
also the margins. $ 18 mm. Arnanus mountains.

Ch. montatudoni Le Cerf. Also similar to osmiaeformis. Antennae of C bronze-brown, ochreous white montandoni.
on upper side before the tip, ochreous brown outwardly. Body bronze-brown, patagia with yellow-white edges.

The 2nd and 4th abdominal segments with white edges, the dorsal line ochreous white, on underside all seg¬
ments have ochreous yellow edges. Both wings with blackish scales at base. On forewings veins and margins
are bronze-black, before the outer margin there are white spots between the veins. lire outer hyaline area
has a straight outer edge. On hindwings the veins are ochreous white on inner margin. In the $ the an¬
tennae are paler. On abdomen also the 6th segment has a white belt. Anal tuft is ochreous white in centre.

On forewings the longitudinal area is less pronounced. 23 — 24 mm. Dobrudja, Ukraine.

Ch. koshantschikovi Pnglr. (16 g). Similar to cirgisa Bartel. Palpi black, only delicately white in kosh
centre. Antennae black. Thorax and abdomen black. Frons creamy white, patagia almost equally so, only
still somewhat black at base of wing. At base of abdomen 2 white spots besides which there is a dorsal and
lateral row. The 4th abdominal segment is delicately white, almost complete, forming an edge on upperside.

Underside blackish, legs almost completely black. Forewings with very wide black margins. The longitudinal
area is absent, cuneiform area and outer hyaline area short. In the black marginal area there are whitish scales
between the veins which are more distinct on underside. Hindwings with relatively wide black margins. The
disco-cellular nervure is also widely black, as also is the interstice between veins 2 and 3. £ 2(5 mm. Syr. Dar ja.

Ch. rondouana Le Cerf. Body bronze-black, patagia with yellow edges. The 2nd, 4th and 6th abdominal rondouana.
segments with delicate white edges, dorsal line yellow and interrupted. Anal tuft somewhat white in centre. V ings
hyaline. In forewings the longitudinal area very narrow, the cuneiform area large. The vitreous patch beyond
the cell elongated, behind same a narrow black border with yellow spots between the veins. Hindwings hyaline.

On underside of forewings the yellow spots are more distinct, costa pale yellow. In the $ underside of ab¬
domen bears at end a row of yellow central spots. 21 — 24 mm. High Pyrenees. — In Vol. 2, p. 391 a Dips.

(Cham.) rondoui Siepi is mentioned, which must be withdrawn. The type is a damaged specimen of Ch. chrysi-
diformhs.

Ch. kautzi Reisser. Similar to rondouana Le Cerf. Antennae and body chocolate brown with an oily kaidzi.
gloss. Frons golden yellow, similarly the inner side of palpi and anterior trochanters. Patagia with golden

3 38

CHAMANTHEDON. By M. Gaede.

borreyi

crciica.

erodiiphaga

micra.

ferganae

nigrifrons,

festai.

yellow hairs posteriorly in their upper part. Legs black-brown, outwardly with yellow hairs only on mid and
hind tibiae, the 2nd 4th and 6th segments of abdomen have yellow edges posteriorly, sometimes however
only the 4th. Underside devoid of markings. Anal tuft without yellow hairs on upper or underside MarZ
o ore wings are ^eiy vide, longitudinal area is absent, cuneiform area short. The spot on disco-cellular is

St™h velUw Th' ^ °1T hynine “ T*’ 4 » 'punctif^ Somewhat

H i ndw i ngs hy al i ne . % “ ** ^ ^ bet— -ins.

i i i C+h’ b0rre.y! Le [ <Rrf S,16 h)' ^tennae black, outwardly with white scales almost as far as the tip Body

ally onh tfe 4th D ^ r" ^ ^ ^ 6th abdominal ^nts with white edges, occasion-

,1 ' rti 'l h+ i ,D , me °chre°US Whlte- The entire underside pale grey-brown. Forewings hyaline
The l ittei01ha v IT' area de™ld of sc;ales‘ . The outer vitreous area somewhat wider than the blimk margin.’
wil , S T between the vems- Hindwings hyaline, margins on underside whitish. In the ?

ngs have a white spot on upperside before apex. Abdomen with faint dorsal line. Outer vitreous area of
ore wings not much wider than disco-cellular nervure and thus more rounded. 18—23 mm Morocco

Body black Cnfr,Ca Jery t0 (VoL 2’ P‘ 412’ pL 51 k)- Antennae of $ without markings,

dy black patagia with rusty yellow edges. Abdomen with interrupted rusty yellow line which changes to

wide eXe^' MSremf h- ^ rUSty yellow’ The 4th and 6tb segments on upperside with

, f r? ‘ J 1 hind tibiae somewhat whitish, otherwise the legs are black-brown. Forewings black-

( , . ' f neifoim area short and Wlde. Longitudinal area scarcely indicated, outer vitreous area very short

hyaUne' ™S SPeCieS iS *ha" “d only

on undeiSl6" °KiPhiaff T™? * ^ t0 Antennae of black-brown on upperside, red-brown

, ; , Head t)lac'k’ patagia with white edges turning to yellow posteriorly. On abdomen the 2nd seg-

denselv scaled wd 1 ^ Ti y!, “ Centre’ the 4th and 6th have white edges. Forewings bronze-black,

the outer vd W ? 6 C°Sta’ at mner and outer margins. These white scales form spots above

the outer vitreous area and at outer margin between the veins. The longitudinal area is insignificant cunei-

On 'under .^lge’ both somewhat scaled with white. The outer hyaline patch is 5 partite. Hindwings hyaline,
into ac «r TTf and costaare white’ only disco-cellular and marginal lines black. In 'the $

extends riVht \b ^ b^n T °"i ^ U*derslde' Patagia almost completely white, the central line of thorax
in rentrp gi throuSh' 1 ndemde of abdomen heavily dusted with white, anal tuft almost completely white
w ind s'l l ff°reWlngS tbe longltlld,nal area absent, the two other hyaline areas with white deges, a distinct
vhde spot before apex. 18-19 mm. Tunis. Larvae in stems of Erodium arborescens.

Lh. micra Le Cerf (16 h). Somewhat similar to albiventris Led. (Vol. 2, p. 412 pi. 52 c) Palni white

pa agia wit i \ellow edges. The 4th and 6th abdominal segments with white edges, dark on underside The

wingeVhy.!r areai" absent from the black-brown forewing, the two other vitreous areas very minute. Hind¬
wings hyaline. $ 12 mm. Lambese.

sequent Chf‘ ffriganae 81ie}i **flpi pale yellow’ blackish on undersides. Body and legs brown-black. The 4th

fo?eui 1 bd°?in n , f l0W Cdge- Anal tuft yellow in centre on underside. Costa and outer margin of
forewings are widely black-brown, the disco-cellular nervure with rounded black spot. The entire wings dull

golden yellow. I tinges slightly paler than outer margin. Hindwings black-brown in outer one-third. Only inner
3 CS ot cell and area below same to inner margin hyaline, the rest thinly scaled 22 mm Osh

ally vellc W T ** ^ar.to ^ons Z. (Vol. 2, p. 412, pi. 51 k). Palpi white on underside, later-

. • °dy blue-black. Patagia with yellow edges on upperside and laterally. The 4th 6th and 7th

An Htuft sc§ments with yellow edges on upperside, besides a dorsal line is indicated on the first segments.

fore ft Ai v n ? ’ Sln”larly the le«s- Forewings blue-black with 3 hyaline areas. A yellow line be-

blah- el Ii, Y<! °W V kS a* b“e and behind the outer Patch. On underside the disco-cellular is

debea’te W1 1 Lln'Wr “"U °th,?rwise the scali"« is y»Umr. Hindwings hyaline, veins and margins

underside f f 7 "77 ade’7ell°w °" “nderside- d" 3 the longitudinal area is absent on upperside, on
underside the yellow dusting is reduced. 15— 17 mm. Paris.

nddisb I?’ flStai TrU' ;Simdar pec/f' St9r- (Vo]- 2> P- 402. Pb 51 g). Antennae and palpi black, the latter
black and p' IV’i UnC ersic e ’ bbe 4tb’ 6th and 7th abdominal segments vermilion on upperside. Anal tuft
vure wh bold > , f ^ & n ^TT blue'black with normally large vitreous areas. Disco-cellular ner-

vellnw 1 ! ack 0utlme- (!utev Aallne area rounded outwardly. Underside black-brown, dusted with

unde^rl r d°n VemS an' m °Uter area- Hindwings hyaline, disco-cellular cuneiform and black. On

almost tu ? T VT ?ry famtly duSt6d With -yellow- In ? the hyaline areas are smaller, the outer one
“-"f 7T and the2first j°ints of Palpi vermilion, similarly the upper ends of tibiae

nderside ot all 3 pairs of legs. On abdomen the uppersides of 1st, 4th and 6th segments are red on
underside same are completely black-blue. Cyrenaica. ’

Genus: Cliamaiitliedon Le Cerf.

This Genus actually exclusively comprises species that belong to the tropical southern asiatic

or

MICR0SPHEC1A. By M. Gaede. Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Aegeriidae. 239

african fauna. Compare Vol. 10, p. 781 and Vol. 14, p. 523. Whether the species described here actually be¬
longs to this Genus is open to doubt.

Ch. coreacola Mats. Palpi yellow, black outwardly. Abdomen black without yellow belts. Legs black coreacola.
with yellow patches. Wings hyaline. Veins, disco-cellular nervure and outer margin of forewings black. Inner
margin of forewings and costa of hindwings yellow, only the apex is black. <$ 24 mm. Corea.

11. Genus : Microsphecia Bartel (recte Zenodoxus Gr.& R.)

M. dorsalis Le Cerf. Body bronze-brown or inclined to reddish, patagia with yellow scales anteriorly, dorsalis.
The 1st segment of abdomen is whitish yellow on upperside. The other segments with yellow central and lateral
lines to the anal tuft. Legs brown and yellow. Forewings bronze-brown, with 3 yellow patches behind the
cell, intersected by dark veins; above same a further spot faintly indicated. On underside also the costa is
yellow. Hindwings hyaline; bronze-brown at apex and anal angle, as well as between veins 2 and 3. On
underside also the costa and the marginal spots are yellow. 11 — 15 mm. Amasia. — obscura $ Le Cerf has obscura.
no yellow patches on forewings. On abdomen the central line is missing, the lateral line more distinctly inter¬
rupted, the 2 last segments are reddish yellow. Amasia. — dorsalis is often classified in collections as tinei-
jormis-brosijormis Hbn. The genuine brosiformis according to Le Cerf is only a small tineiformis Esp. To
judge from the specimens in the Pungeler collection the position is as follows: tineiformis is generally large,
brosiformis from Hungary and Konia is smaller. The latter has a yellow marginal spot on upperside of fore¬
wings, which is fainter on underside. Except for this there are scarcely any yellow markings on underside.

Besides in brosiformis the yellow central and lateral lines are absent. It is plain from this that 2 very similar
forms occur in Asia Minor.

M. shakojianus Mats. Body and wings coppery brown. Palpi, a central band on underside of abdomen shakojia-
and partially the legs are yellowish white. The 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th abdominal segments are yellow' anteriorly. nus-

Forewings with white longitudinal line in the cell, dark blue scales on disco-cellular nervure. Hindwings hya¬
line, veins and margins coppery brown. 18 mm. Corea.

Alphabetical List

with references fo the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Aegeriidae enumerated in Suppl. Vol. 2.

* signifies that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

aiclia Cham. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 211.
albanensis Dips. Rbl. Zeitschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 3. p. 86.
algeriensis Dips. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 229.
almana Cham. Rbl. Sitz.-Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 126, p. 275.
almohades Syn. Le Cerf, Et. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 535.
amygdaloides Cham. Schleppriitz, Zeitschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 18,
p. 24.

andalusiaca Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 11. f. 4636.
anthracias Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 31.
anthrax Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep- C-omp. 11, f. 4667.
asamaensis Sph. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 81.
atavus Syn. Le Cerf, Et. L4p. Comp. 17, p. 542.
aurantiacum Par. Rbl. Sitz.-Ber. Akad. Wien 126, p. 274.
auresiana Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 11, f. 4659.

balcaniea Cham. Zukow. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 23, p. 21.
bellieri Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L<§p. Comp. 11, f. 4639.
bicingulata Syn. Rbl. Berge’s B’fly Book, p. 466.
biedermanni Cham. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 210.
borreyi Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 19, p. 133.
brunneipes Aeg. Trti. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 51, p.339.

castiliana Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 19, p. 29.

ehibensis Syn. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 5. *

chimena Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L£p. Comp. 11, f. 4638.

chlorotica Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 30.

chosensis Syn. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 5. *

chretieni Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 17, p. 425.

clermonti Cham. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 62. *

codeti Syn. Oberth. Et. Ent. 6 (3), p. 67. *

corcyrensis Dips. Rbl. Zeitschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 3, p. 86.

coreacola Cham. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 5. *

cretica Cham. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofmus. 30, p. 143. *

daisensis Par. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 7. *
davidi Par. Le Cerf, Et. L£p. Comp. 14, p. 259. *

diaphana Par. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 71, p. 165.
dorsalis Micr. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 272. *
ducellieri Dips. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L<§p. Comp. 11, f. 4628.
dumonti Dips. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 371. *
dumonti Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 35.

erodiipliaga Cham. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1922. p. 215.
euglossaeformis Cham. Luc. Expl. Alger. Lep. p. 368. *

fatma Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 11, f. 4656.

ferganae Cham. Shelf. Iris 38, p. 184.

festai Cham. Trti. Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino 39, (27) p. 5.

flavida Dips. Oberth. Et. Ent. 13, p. 24. *

flavina Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 17, p. 431.

fulva Syn. Trnr. Ent. Rec. 40, p. 165.

fumosa Syn. Schutze, Iris 32, p. 120.

funebris Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 11. f. 4646.

galloisi Syn. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 6. *
gepliyra Mel. Amsel (ined.)

gigantea Mel. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1879, p. 413.
gloriosa Sphec. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 421.
gravesi Cham. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 77, p. (60).

hirayamai Par. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 7. *

incognita .Spliec. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 91 A 12, p. 282.
insidiosa Syn. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1911, p. 93.
insolitus Par. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 422.
intermedia Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 11. f. 4643.
intermedia Par. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L£p. Comp. 17, p. 218. *
inversa Syn. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 534. *

japona Mel. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 91.

kabylaria Syn. Le Cerf, Et. L4p. Comp. 17, p. 534. *

240

Index and reference of original descriptions of palaearctic Aegeriidae.

kalavrytana Dips. Shelf. Iris 38, p. 183.

kautzi Cham. Rssr. Ztschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 15, p. 101. *

kosliantscliikovi Cham. Pglr. Iris 28, p. 54. *

louisae Cham. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1915, p. 54.
lucasi Syn. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L£p. Comp. 19, p. 13.
lugubris Syn. Rcuj. Boll. Labor. Zool. Portici 16, p. 213.

maghrebica Cham. Le Cerf. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 441.
margaritosa Cham. Le Cerf , Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 19. p. 30.
major, Cham. Rothsch. Bull. Soc. Ent. Maroc. 5, p. 337.
maroccana Syn. Le Cerf, Et. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 534.
martjanovi Syn. Shelf. Neu. Beitr. syst. Ins. 1, p. 104.
melanina Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 11, p. 320.
melanoxanthia Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19,

p. 28.

meieri Cham. Std. Iris 35, p. 31.

micra Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 11, f. 4663.
mimus Syn. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L6p. Comp. 19, p. 17. *
miranda Dips. Le Cerf. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 423.
molybdoceps Aeg. limps. Novit. Zoolog. 26, p. 82.
inontandoni Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 19, p. 37.
montelli Sphec. Ldfqn. Notul. Ent. 2, p. 83. *
moupinicola Syn. Strd. Catalog. Lep. Nr. 31, p. 30.

nigrifrons Cham. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1911, p. 244.
nigrobarbata Cham. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofmus. 30, p. 144.
norma Dips. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 423.

oberthiiri Dips. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Ldp. Comp. 17, p.268.
oberthiiri Sphec. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 422.
obscura Micr. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 274.

orophila Sphec. Zukow. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 23, p. 20.
pallipes Cham. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 211.
palustris Cham. Kautz, Zeitschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 12, p. 1. *
phoenix Cham. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 210.
pistarcha Aeg. Meyr. Exot. Microlep. 4, p. 50.

| pouloti Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 32.

| polycineta Syn. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 19.

; powelli Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 11, f. 4664.

; producta Syn. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 6. *
pygmaeum Dips. Rbl. Anzeiger Akad. Wien 36. p. 361.

■ quercus Con. Mats. 1000 Ins. Suppl. 3, p. 87. *

rondouana Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 32. *

shakojianus Micr. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 8. *
sicula Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19, p. 27.
simonyi Lenyra Rbl. Anzeig. Akad. Wien 36, p. 361.
subceriaeformis Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 11,
f. 4650.

synagriformis Par. Rbr. Cat. Lep. Andal. 2, p. 148. *
tenebrosa Dips. Pglr. Iris 28, p. 53.

theryi Syn. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 534. *
tingitana Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 11, f. 4644.
tristis Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. L4p. Comp. 11. f. 4655.
tunetana Dips. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 17, p. 269.

xanthia Cham. Le Cerf, Oberth. Et, L4p. Comp. 11, f. 4653.

yezoensis Aeg. Hmps. Novit. Zool. 26, p. 81.
yezonica Par. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 6, p. 7. *

Publ. 2. VIII. 1933.

DUOMITUS; COSSUS. By M. Gaede.

241

25. Family: Cossidae.

1. Genus: Dtiomiliis Btl.

This Genus is classified in Vol. 10, p. 813 and Vol. 14, p. 546 as Xyleutes Him., the type of which is
strix Cr. Duomitus Btlr. is based on the species ceramica Wkr. = lignosa Btlr., which varies somewhat in the
arrangement of the markings from strix (Vol. 10, pi. 97 b), but otherwise quite fits in with the Genus Xyleutes.
When Hoitlbekt in his monograph regarding Duomitus states that same is entirely different from Xyleutes,
this would seem to be an exaggeration, even when one considers that a specialist usually goes rather far in
subdivision. One need have no compunction in combining the two Genera and it is all the easier to give the
older name the preference, as all the species placed here are subdivided under so many generic names that even
prescriptive rights will not be impinged. The american species, of which a few hitherto have been designated
as Xyleutes, have been denominated since 1882 as Prionoxystus Grote, so that no misunderstanding can arise
in that quarter. — Besides it must be remarked that Xyleutes- Duomitus would be better inserted before Azy-
gophleps (Suppl. Vol. 2, p. 244) instead of right at the beginning. Apart from the arrangement of the markings,
the similarity of Xyleutes and Azygophleps is so great, that Aitrivillius felt inclined to unite them. — The
following experience with Xyleutes species may be of interest: Dr. Seitz when in India was presented with a
number of X. leuconotus by some natives and these all soon went greasy in the paper covers. He then asked
the Hindus to expise the contents of the abdomens and fill same with cotton wool before placing them in the
papers and he showed them how to do this with a freshly killed specimen. Presently the natives brought him
some boxes with living Xyleutes moths that were crawling about on the bottom of the boxes. On examination
it proved that all the moths had been dealt with according to instructions, but without having first been killed,
as it is contrary to native religious commandments to take the life of anything living ! The natives evidently
preferred to follow the precepts without regard to the suffering and cruelty involved, in a desire to carry out
the instructions they had received.

2. Genus: Cossus F.

C. cossus L. (Vol. 2, p. 419, pi. 53 c). The dark Lapland form stygianus Stich. has long been known; cossus.
the larvae feed in birch stems, subnigra 0. Schultz was bred from a larva found in Germany without indication
as to the food plant. This form certainly differs from stygianus in that the segments of the abdomen have no
pale edges. — nigra Dietze from Locarno is a sooty black, in contrast to the dusky dark brownish of stygianus-, nigra.
collar and abdomen are velvety black, only the vertex retains a yellowish sheen. Subapical and discal areas
of forewings are slightly paler whitish grey. No particulars are given of the hindwings. — aceris Griep w7as aceris.
bred from larvae feeding in maple. Forewings very dusky. In central area there are quite a large number
of olive green scales. Hindwings impure grey with few markings and fairly typical. — The author bred a moth
from a larva feeding in a birch stem found at Frankfort on the Oder, which was exactly like stygianus. Pos¬
sibly subnigra had also fed on birch. — orientalis Gaede is darker and larger than stygianus. On forewings the orientalis.
pale area of a normal cossus is generally discernible in its outer area from costa to lower end of disco-cellular
nervure. A black line, that is very thick, proceeds from anal angle vertically to costa. Similarly there is the
posterior part of a submarginal line. Hindwings very dark, only the base and partially also the cell are some¬
what paler. Underside scarcely darker than typical. 62 — 90 mm. N. Corea. — albescens Kitt from Albar- albescens.
racin is partially suffused with white. On forewings apex and central costal zone are basally whitish grey.

Also thorax has a whitish grey centre. The markings on the pale ground colour are distinct and clear. There
is a faint resemblance to C . terebra.

C. OSthelderi Daniel is like a small cossus L. with creamy white ground colour on both wings. Forewings osfhelderi.
somewhat more truncate, the central area more profusely striated with black. In consequence of the pale
ground colour all striations stand out more prominently, also on hindwings. Body is as pale as the wings, a
black streak is indicated on collar, however there is no yellow band. Shaft of antennae is black, the long pectin¬
ations are white, £ 51 — 55 mm. N. Amanus.

Supplementary Volume 2

31

242

HOLCOCERUS; HYPOPTA; PAROPTA. By M. Gaede.

cheesmani. C. cheesmani Tams. Closely related to C. aries Pnglr. (Vol. 2, p. 420, pi. 53 b). Forewings white. A

pale dull yellowish patch between the costa and upper wall of cell, similarly between end of cell and outer
margin and again below cell to inner margin except in the region of the upper submedian nervure. In aries
the yellow patches are less extensive than is shown in the illustration. The dark striations seem to be less pro¬
nounced in the marginal area of cheesmani. The pale hindwings on which there are only quite insignificant
markings are very different. J 48 mm. Arabia.

colossus. C. colossus Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 420) (16 b). We are now giving an illustration of this species which was

omitted in Vol. 2.

3. Genus: Halcocerus Stgr.

H. consobrinus Pnglr. (Vol. 2, p. 421, pi. 53 b). This species varies considerably in size (25 — 50 mm),
also the form and distinctness of the submarginal line of forewings varies in each of the 8 specimens before
shdjuzhltoi. me. The central band, when it is present at all, is very enwidened on costa. — sheljuzhkoi Schaiu. has a greyer
ground colour. There is always a spot on vein 3 at outer margin, which only 2 of my consobrinus also show.
! his spot conjoins with the submarginal line and median band. The main difference from consobrinus seems
to be that the median band is scarcely enwidened at costa. The size also varies considerably: 35—55 mm ex¬
panse. Aksu.

H. arenicola Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 421, pi. 53 d) and insularis Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 422, pi. 53 e). Whilst the form
japonica. insular is from Askold is decidedly smaller than arenicola , japonica Gaede on the other hand is somewhat larger
and the markings, which in insularis are already somewhat less monotonous, become still more contrasting
tin ough the paler tiansveise stripes. Hindwings and abdomen are quite as brown as in insularis, forewings a
puiei biown, not fuscous, the paler patches grey. Ihe inner half devoid of markings, a paler patch in median area
insularis. from costa to inner margin. 44—50 mm. Yokohama. — We are giving a fresh illustration here of insularis (16 b).

5. Genus: Hypopta Him.

nycteris. H. nycteris John. Similar to thrips Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 424, pi. 53 h) but the ground colour is a more ashy

grey, the ocellus like mark is smaller and not circumscribed by a paler border. On the other hand a grey-brown
shade extends from this spot to the apex. Antennae more boldly pectinated than in thrips. There are dark
biown spots on costa and a similar coloured streak close below end of cell. Short dark striations in outer area.
At margin there are minute triangular spots. Hindwings brownish grey. 36 mm. N. Ferghana.
herzi. H. herzi Alph. (Vol. 2, p. 424) (16 b). The specimen illustrated as herzi in Vol. 2, pi. 52 h probably

figuies a vaiiety of turcomanica (Vol. 2, pi. 53 h). We are therefore now giving an illustration of herzi from
a cotype in the collection of Pungeler. It would almost seem as if herzi were only a pale form of turcomanica.
intractatus Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 424) would then also belong hereto, .it is not only faintly marked, but pale and the
markings are quite diffuse. The specimen in the Pungeler collection is quite perfect and not worn. In the
same collection there is one ^ from Kolp (Armenia, Korb) which has grey-white ground colour and not yellow¬
ish white. It has a few short rows of dots on costa near apex and besides a submarginal row. It has a great
lesemblance to turcomanica, although it is classified under intractatus. herzi is usually yellowish white with
daik olive biown stiiations and spots, of which a few are on the costa. A somewhat bolder row of dots extends
from behind the cell to centre of inner margin. Another such row that proceeds from apex exactly joins with
same. In turcomanica on the contrary the latter row extends outwardly of the row that terminates on inner
mat gin, and diffuses. All the other differences in the ground colour and distinctness of other markings are
not decisive, according to Apheraky. If this is so, also the 2nd specimen of herzi in the Pungeler collection
would have to be classified with turcomanica.

issycus. H. issycus B.-Haas (i. 1.?) (16 b). Somewhat similar to turcomanica Alph. Ground colour of the body

is brownish white. Forewings white. The brownish black line from the apex extends downwards to vein 4.
Somewhat inwardly of same a line then begins that ends slightly behind the centre of inner margin. Short
black striations on costa. Basally of the two main lines there is a brownish shade. Similar patches in basal
area and in centre of outer margin. There are small brown spots at outer margin, inwardly of same to the two
main lines the colour is white. Fringes are marked with dark checks. Hindwings and abdomen faintly reddish
brown. J 34 mm. Issyk-kul.

mussolinii. H. mussolillii Trti. Very similar to the remarkably constant reibelli Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 425, pi. 53 h).

It is larger, ground colour somewhat darker. The silvery stripe on costa does not vary. The triangular central
spot extends nearer to the outer margin. Also the lowest streak that projects threequarters to the anal angle,
whilst in reibelli it only goes about as far as the middle of the inner margin. G 37 mm. Cyrenaica.

6. Genus: I*aropta Stgr.

pater.

P. frater Warn. I his species was actually described as a Cossus, but as it is compared to lienleyi Rothsch.
and niloticus Joan, we are placing same in this Genus. Warnecke deems henleyi and niloticus to Ire separate

DYSPESSA. By M. Gaede.

243

species. Our illustration (Vol. 2, p. 425, pi. 55 1) represents niloticus. The latter is recognisable by the much
fainter striations of forewings, in basal area besides they are quite absent; hindwings on upper and undersides
are almost completely or nearly devoid of markings. Apart from the bold main lines henleyi has a denser net¬
work of finer lines. Also on hindwings there are distinct reticular lines. On underside the costa of hindwings
is blackish. In frater the forewings are irregularly covered with fainter and distincter black striations. In the
$ especially there is a bolder line behind the cell (somewhat as is shown in the illustration of co.ssus S in Vol. 2,
pi. 52 b). The ground colour is ashy grey with yellowish tone. Hindwings of and $ are devoid of markings.

30—45 mm. Sanaa (Arabia), presumably also extending into palaearctic territory.

7. Genus: Dyspessa Him.

D. ulula Bkh. (Vol. 2, p. 426, pi. 52 k). — pallida Rothsch. is described: The white spots much more pallida.
extensive and diffuse. Sometimes the ground colour is quite suffused with white. The ? on the other hand
is as dark as infuscata Stgr. Algeria. Whether pallida differs from the species dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 426, pi. 52 k
as pallidata Stgr., cannot be discerned from the description. The following two forms: marmorata and alge-
riensis are now held to be separate species.

D. mgrmorata Rmb. (Vol. 2, p. 426). The subform niaroccana Rothsch. is to be added. It is much darker maroccana.
brown than type. The pale patches are almost entirely restricted to the margin and near same. The $ is also
darker and the white patches smaller. Morocco. — nigrita Wagner in consequence of its size, is clearly to be nigrita.
classified with marmorata Rmb. Forewings and thorax pure white with very bold markings. Hindwings and
abdomen blackish. On underside all wings are black, but the costa of hindwings is whitish. Also the legs and the
underside of the entire body are white. Anatolia. A very similar specimen, as far as the upperside is concerned,
is placed under ulula in the Ptjngeler collection. It was captured at Digne. However the underside is also pale.

D. algeriensis Rmb. (Vol. 2, p. 426). — cypriaca Rbl. from Cyprus differs from algeriensis by the com- cypriaca.
plete absence of all white markings except in the middle cell of forewings and by the fringes which are devoid
of checks. In the Pungeler collection there are 1 <$ and 2 of algeriensis. The description given of cypriaca
would also apply to these, except that one of the $ has fringes with checks, infuscata Stgr. from Pontus, accord¬
ing to a pair in the same collection, has a faint pale patch at two-thirds the length of costa. To what degree
the species and forms mentioned here can claim specific rank, is at the moment more or less a matter of per¬
sonal opinfon. Perhaps with the exception of marmorata, the series of ulula, algeriensis etc. in the Pungeler
collection embrace specimens under one and the same denomination that are of totally different appearance,
whilst often specimens under different separate classifications are so alike that they can scarcely be differen¬
tiated. — It would seem therefore, as if only a careful examination of the genitalia of a large number of speci¬
mens of the various forms and species of the ulula group, together with exact data as to the areas of their
distribution and occurrence will bring satisfactory elucidation as to their specific grouping. It would for in¬
stance appear quite possible that the specimen from Digne mentioned under nigrita of ulula, may actually be
nigrita, but at the moment this cannot be definitely asserted.

D. hethitica Dan. Similar to pallidata Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 426, pi. 52 k) but larger, 27—37 mm. The dark hcthitica.
markings of forewings are more inclined to be dark grey than brown. The cell is white, standing out promi¬
nently; the costa also is white in the basal two-thirds. Hindwings pure white with dark veins. In the $ the
hindwings are somewhat darker. Marash. — Also kurdistana (Vol. 2, p. 451) is similar to pallidata. The author
should have been stated as Turati (not Bang-Haas) who had illustrated same in Nat. Sicil. 21, pi. 6, Fig. 28.

D. turbinans Trti. The denomination has been made owing to its mannerism when attracted to light, turbinans.
Other species of this Genus when attracted to a lamp settle on the sheet and crawl around, turbinans rest¬
lessly encircles the lamp. In other respects turbinans differs from kabylaria B.-Haas (which was rather too
grey in colour in the illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 52 k) by dark spots on forewings near the fringes and a some¬
what paler marginal area. Nevertheless the dark spots near the fringes also in kabylaria extend to the outer
one-third of costa, although this is not distinctly shown in the illustration. The dark patch on inner margin
with its pale surroundings as shown in our illustration of kabylaria is very distinctive and well executed. £

18 — 24 mm. Cyrenaica.

D. cyrenaica Trti. Compared by the author to nigritula Stgr. and minima B.-Haas (Vol. 2, p. 427, cyrenaica.
pi. 52 k) and established from a single $. All wings blackish brown with slight violet sheen being also trans¬
parent. Costa of forewings finely yellowish, this however does not extend as far as the apex. At close of cell
there is a faint yellow patch and a black dot. According to the illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 52 k, minima is consi¬
derably paler. One might assume that cyrenaica is actually a small specimen of algeriensis. Cyrenaica,

D. jordana Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 427, pi. 55 1). Large specimens (37 mm) are denominated maxima Trti. maxima.
These are typical of Cyrenaica, but a $ in the Pungeler collection is equally large, agilis-magna is only a
trifle smaller.

D. emilia Stgr. The $ has already been described and illustrated, see Vol. 2, p. 426, pi. 52 k. One Q of emilia.
the species in the Pungeler collection somewhat resembles roborowskii (Vol. 2, pi. 52 i) in colour of body and
forewings, but the hindwings of emilia ^ are faintly brownish. On forewings the dark median band is absent.

244

STYGIA; ZEUZERA; AZYGOPHLEPS; PHRAGMATAECIA. By M. Gaede.

SUXiCOla- , , saXjC«,a °hrist- is similar to the preceding species, but considerably larger. Ground colour

of forewmgs of yellowish, the diffuse brown band is straighter than in emilia and the brown anterior mark
is absent, Hindwmgs are much darker than in emilia. 30 mm. Transcaucasia.

D. kruegeri Trh. Body dark olive brown. Forewings somewhat paler than the body and with yellow
veins. Hind wings a shade paler still, the veins scarcely stand out at all. In the £ markings of forewings are
somewhat more diffuse, the hindwings inclined to be darker and the veins are also scarcely any paler 30— 35 mm
The generic name of Isoceras Trti. is proposed for this species, as the antennae of the $ are similarly pectinated
as m the cJ. Also the arrangement of the markings differs considerably from that of the other Dyspessa species

8. Genus: Stygia Lair

S. ledereri Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 428, pi. 55 k)

In this Volume Dieida persa Strd. was erroneously dealt with

on p. - under the Zygaenidae. persa differs from ledereri by its legs. It has black legs; middle tibiae and tarsi
ai e golc en yellow. In ledereri the legs are black, tarsi somewhat grey. Besides persa is somewhat larger. Whether
the denomination is justifiable, is a matter of opinion, persa has been discovered by Pfeiffer" and Daniel
also m Marash and they have established its relationship with ledereri.

9. Genus: Zeuzera Latr.

Z. pyrina L. (Vol. 2, p. 429, pi. 52 g). — paulomaculata Stick. (16 b) is a $ that has only very few
spots Oil forewmgs. These few however are generally very large. — octopunctata Bsd. is a dwarf form from
Sicily. Besides the usual 6 spots on thorax it has 2 further spots at base of abdomen. — ab. conflua Schultz
has the spots of forewings enlarged and partially conjoined to a fairly wide extent, especially at inner margin

On the other hand m a $ specimen in the Pungeler collection the spots are heavily confluent between vein
- and the costa, less so at inner margin.

lcuconoUnn- _ Z- leuconotum Btlr. ' Closely related to pyrina, but considerably larger. No spots anteriorly on thorax ”
^ io mm. lokei (Japan).

paulomacu-

laia.

octopunc¬

tata.

conflua.

9a. Genus: Azygoplileps limps.

•n p n US (Teiuls’ that 1S distributed m numerous species over the indian and african territories, is dealt
v i l ully m Vol. 10 p. 821 and Vol. 14, p. 544. It differs theoretically from Zeuzera chiefly by the absence
of the bar between the cell and vein 8 of hindwmgs. The markings on the other hand are so very different
that the two Genera can scarcely be mistaken for one another.

A. albofasciata Mr. (Vol. 10, pi. 97 e). This species is chiefly an indian one, but it occurs at Kashmir
on palaearctic territory. Forewings dark brown, densely striated with blackish. Only below the costa there
is a wide white radial band. Hindwings pale brown with faint reticular lines. 55 — 65 mm.

A. helenae Le Cerf Similar to nubila Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 429 as Zeuzera). Thorax grey-brown, abdomen
somewhat paler, with similar streaks as m nubila (pi. 52 g). Forewings pale greyish red with delicate black
lattice markings, especially on costa, in cell and at inner margin. These reticulations are absent below cell
and at outer margin above the upper submedian nervure. At disco-cellular nervure there is a black spot and
beiow the cell a black nebulous patch. Hindwings grey-white with distinct striations only at anal angle. In
the 4 the black dusting is more extensive. Hindwings with more numerous striations. 40—53 mm. Morocco.

labtm 1 A- nUYa y'i (Vo1; ?\ p- 429’ pL 52 «>• babadzhanidii Shelj. is more regularly duskily dusted. Only
the base is paler. Body and hindwmgs do not vary from those of nubila. $ 33 mm. Transcaucasia.

helenae.

cincrea.

melaina.

10. Genus: Pliragmataeeia Neivm.

Ph. castaneae Him (Vol. 2, p. 429, pi. 54 h). - cinerea Teick denotes small, narrow-winged specimens
of greyish or pale brownish grey ground colouration. - sicca DU. is similarly described. It is however larger
am 111 x specimens the blackish dots that are present in cinerea, are absent here. — melaina Daniel deno-

“lnates d"k i s,Pef,me,ns wi.th «rey-Uack thorax. The collar which is of normal colour contrasts in its paleness.

oil rings duskily black, only the costal margin is finely paler. Hindwings faintly dusky, abdomen of normal
colouration. I his form is found among typical specimens in Hungary.

PHRAGMACOSSIA. By M. Gaede. Index and Alphabetical List of palaearctic Cossidae. 24-5

11. Genus: IMiragmacossia Schaw.

This Genus differs from Azygophleps limps, by the terminal spurs to the mid and hind tibiae. It differs
from Phragmataecia by the more prominent palpi. Type reticulata Pnglr. (Vol. 2, p. 430, pi. 52 h).

Phr. tigrisia Schaw. (16 c). Forewings whitish brown with a few distinct dark lattice lines in marginal tigrisia.
area ; in reticulata the most prominent lines are in the median area. Thorax and antennae are somewhat more
pronouncedly brown. Hindwings are only slightly paler than forewings, p 45 mm. Mossul.

/

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Cossidae enumerated in Supplementary

Volume 2.

* indicates that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

accris Coss. Gricp, Int. Bnt. Zeitschr. 12, p. 84.
albescens Coss. Kitt, Zeitschr. Oestr. Ent. Ver. 10, p. 29.
albofasciata Az. Mr. Descr. Lep. Atkins, p. 37.

babadzlianidii Azyg. Schelj. Iris 27, p. 21. *

cheesmani Coss. Tams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 15, p. 147. *
cinerea Phrag. Teich, Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. 1884, p. 212.
conflua Zeuz. Schultz, Nyt Mag. Naturv. 43, p. 121.
cypriaca Dysps Bbl. Verli. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 77, p. (62). *
cyrenaica Dysp. Trti. Nat. Sicil. 1919, p. 263. *

i rater Par. Warn. Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 23, p. 389. *

helenae Azyg. Le Cerf, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924, p. 27.
hethitica Dysp. Daniel Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 22, p. 16.

issycus Hyp. O. B.-H. Seitz Macrolep., Suppl. 2, p. 242. *

japonica Hole. Gaede, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 1929, p. 304. *

kruegeri Dysp. Trti. Atti. Soc. Zool. Ital. 63, p. 51. *

leuconotum Zeuz. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1881, p. 22.

maroccana Dysp. Bothsch. Novit. Zool. 24, p. 408.
maxima Dysp. Trti. Atti Soc. It. Hist. Nat. Milano 69, p. 54.
melaina Pragm. Daniel , Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 18, p. 81. *
mussolinii Hyp. Trti. Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat. 65, p. 222. *

nigra Coss. Dietze, Ent. Zeitschr. 33, p. 4.

nigrita Dysp. Wagner, Int. Ent. Zeitschr. 24, p. 492. *

nycteris Hyp. John, Revue Russe Ent. 18, p. 91.

octopunctata Zeuz. Bsd. Icon. 2, p. 181. *

orientalis Coss. Gaede, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 1929, p. 303. *

osthelderi Coss. Daniel, Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 22, p. 95.

pallida Dysp. Bothsch. Novit. Zool. 24. p. 407.
paulomaculata Zeuz. Stick. Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 14,

p. 200. *

saxicola Dysp. Christ. Rom. Mem. L4p. 2, p. 5. *
sheljuzkoi Hole. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 20, p. 138. *
sicca Phrag. Dhl. Ent. Zeitschr. 43, p. 148.
subnigra Coss. Schultz, Soc. Ent. 25, p. 84.

tigrisia Phrag. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73, p. (161).
turbinans Dysp. Trti. Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. 65, p. 35. *

HEPIALUS. By M. Gaede.

247

26. Family: Hepialidae.

By M. Gaede.

1. Genus: Mepialus F.

H. humuli L. (Vol. 2, p. 434, pi. 54 b, c). In districts where the species is common, it is relatively easy
to secure a series of specimens showing widely different markings. Almost unicoloured $ specimens, devoid
of markings are named dannenbergi Steph. The ground colour varies in all shades from pale yellow through dannen-
brown to red, but these colour variations are not denominated, the lack of markings being the characteristic
feature. — The name pusillus Steph. for small specimens is mentioned, merely for the sake of completeness.

H. sylvinus L. (Vol. 2, p. 435, pi. 54 g). We have to add the name radiata Bod. In same the 2 normal
pale bands are almost completely extinct and replaced by darker brown than the buff brown ground colour.

The veins are very definitely marked with brown towards the outer margin and this creates an almost exotic
impression. Hindwings faintly suffused with rose. Found in Belgium. — kruegeri Trti. is almost certainly kruegeri.
only a form of sylvinus. The apex of forewings is slightly more acute. The terminations of both white bands
are more closely approximated on the inner margin. The triangular pale spot in centre of costa has at its lower
angle a sharper point than in sylvinus, where it is usually more or less rounded off. Occasionally this triangular
mark is even entirely absent in sylvinus. In the ^ the outer band is scarcely forked at costa, there is only
a faint projection outwardly. In sylvinus on the other hand both branches are more or less equally long. Ficuzza
(Palermo) and Bulgaria. — victoriae Petkow. Ground colour of the rusty reel, the white markings consider- victor iae.
ably enwidened. The two main lines that form bands in this form, are widely conjoined at inner margin. The
submarginal band is forked at costa. The small “V” marking of typical sylvinus is also much wider and extends
to costa. By this means a patch of the ground colour is quite isolated at costa between its branches. Hindwings
approximately as in typical specimens. Bulgaria.

H. tunetanus Oberih. Thorax and forewings reddish brown, abdomen and hindwings similarly but slightly tunetanus.
paler. Fringes without checks or blotches, d 32 mm. Tunis. Perhaps this is related to fusconebulosa-gallicus
and aemilianus (Vol. 2, p. 434 and 435), which are also almost devoid of markings.

H. amasinus H.-Schtiff. Ground colour brownish yellow, darker at base and in marginal area. The amasinus.
2 white transverse lines are narrow and distinct. The inner line commencing just before the centre of inner
margin proceeds somewhat inwards to the centre of wings s then at a rectangle outwards, the upper branch
being about as long as the lower one. The outer line from two-thirds of inner margin extends in an almost
straight line to near the apex. At costa and before the outer margin there ai'e short white streaks, that border
on brown semicircular marks. Hindwings grey-brown. G 24 mm. Asia Minor. This species has for long been
the subject of misconception and even Pfitzxer had quite a different species in his mind, when dealing with
the species in Vol. 2, p. 435, pi. 54 e, as was recently ascertained by Pfeiffer. Refer also in this regard to
the following species.

H. adriaticus Pfeijf. This is the name that appertains to the species that has hitherto been wrongly adriaticus.
referred to in books and classified in collections as amasinus. If one compares the original and recent descrip¬
tions of amasinus, one will observe considerable divergences. The genuine amasinus is actually so far only to
be found in Asia Minor. Whether specimens reported from Greece and Sicily belong to same or to adriaticus,
has yet to be definitely ascertained. Most of the incorrect amasinus, which now have to be re-classified adria¬
ticus, originate from Istria and Dalmatia.

H. ganna Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 436, pi. 54 f.) It was already mentioned in Vol. 2, that the spots of the bands
are often isolated. Extreme specimens in which only vestiges of these spots are retained, are named reducta reducta.
Deutsch. — confluens Helliv. is a name given to inversely marked specimens in which the dentate spots are confluens.
expanded, becoming confluent in all directions.

H. hecta L. (Vol. 2, p. 436, pi. 54 g) Sometimes small silvery white spots occur at outer margin of fore¬
wings over the inner angle. If these spots extend along the entire margin and if they are fairly large, the form

248

PHASSUS. By M. Gaede. Alphabetical list of palaearctic Hepialidae.

decorata. is named decorata Krul. rrins is described from East Russia, but it probably occurs occasionally everywhere
where the species is common. These spots can sometimes be conjoined with the outer band thus forming radial
streaks. - Still more extreme specimens in which there are also wide silvery streaks on the hindwings at the
strigosa. margin and in the interstices between the dark veins are called strigosa Hartw. — hectica 0. B.-H. (15 e) has
golden stripes instead of the normal silvery ones. The inner stripe consists of 3 confluent spots. The outer
one of separated spots of which 3 are at apex, then one obliquely inwards and somewhat lowrer and then a
laigei one at inner margin. 1 his form can also occur anywhere. I have a specimen from Sojmonowsk (in the
l rals) m which the spots are distinctly yellow, but not quite as extreme as is the case in hectica hectica ema¬
nates from the neighbourhood of Irkutsk (Sajan).

crnrgcn- H. fuscoargenteus 0. B.-H. (15 e). Ground colour of the is black-brown, paler grev in the $ The

outer band somewhat resembles that of fuscomaculosa de Geer (Vol. 2, pi. 54 d) in its shape, but it extends rather
more vertically. The inner band is like that of macilentus (Vol. 2, p. 436, pi. 54 f) but it is more dismembered
sordula. and the spot markings are coarser. 36-46 mm. Irkutsk (Sajan). — sordida Nordstr. from Kamschatka resembles
irct\a Ca]a m the arrangement of its markings. Forewings pale brown with silvery white bands and spots
Hindwings grey-brown with pale brown spots on costa. In one specimen among 3 at my disposal the white
markings are heavily mottled with brown.

H. nebulosus-armoricanus Oberth. In Vol. 2, p. 434 a doubt was thrown on the correctitude of the locality
indicated for this form. As Bang-Haas has meanwhile received identical specimens from China, there seems
scarcely any doubt left that the original indication of the origin was due to a mistake. The form is therefore
certainly not european, the type will have come from Ta-tsien-lu, as it is well known that Oberthur received
a lot of material from that quarter.

5. Genus: Pliassus Wkr.

Ph -bouvieri Oberth. Whilst regius Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 438, pi. 54 b) has only a few golden yellow spots
which are absent m roseus Oberth. although same is much more profusely coloured red, we have the opposite
extreme m bouvieri. The ground colour corresponds approximately to that of Hep. sylvinus-laeta (Vol 2
pi 54 d) on both wings. The arrangement of the markings scarcely differs from that of regius, only there are
golden yellow spots distributed over the entire forewing. 55 mm. Ta-tsien-lu.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms of palaearctic Hepialidae enumerated in Supplement¬
ary Volume 2.

* indicates that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

adriaticus Hep. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 41, p. 47.

bouvieri Phass. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 7, p. 071. *

confluens Hep. Hellw. Gr.-Schmett. N.-Tirols, p. 328.

dannenbergi Hep. Steph. Societ. Entomol. 38, p. 45.
decorata Hep. Krul. Societ. Entomol. 23, p. 18.

fuscoargenteus Hep. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 83.

hectica Hep. O. B.-JI. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 84.

kruegeri Hep. Trti. Natural. Siciliano 21. p. 123. *

pusillus Hep. Steph. Societ. Entomol. 38, p. 46.

radiata Hep. Bod. Rev. Mens. Namur 1010, p. 69.
reducta Hep. Deutsch, Zt. Oestr. Ent.-Ver. 7, p. 30.

sordida Hep. Nordstr. Ark. f. Zool. 20 (12), p. 6.
strigosa Hep. Hartw. Ent. Zeitschr. 36, p. 43.

tunetanus Ilep. Oberth. Et. L£p. Comp. 13, p. 29. *

vietoriae ITep. Petkoiv, Arbeit. Bulg. Ges. 6, p. 100.

Publ. 11. IX. 1933.

Addenda: DIEIDA; ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

249

Addenda and Errata to Supplementary Yolnine 2.

1. Family: Zygaenidae, Burnets.

With the very extensive more recent literature, especially as appertaining to the Genus Zygaeiia, it
was impossible in 1930 to make a complete survey embracing also the older literature. In the meanwhile a
great deal of work has been done and especially the asiatic Zygaenidae have been subjected to a thorough
revision. Besides a number of fresh descriptions and denominations have been established.

2. Genus: Hieida Strd.

p. 2, line 23 from below. — According to Daniel, Munich, persa Strd. may be held to be identical with
Stygia ledereri Stgr. At the best persa Strd. may be retained as denoting a race of ledereri St.gr. Compare also
what was said on p. 244.

16. Genus: Zygaena F.

I. Subgen. Mesembrynus Him.

r

p. 7, line 27 from top. Z. erythrus Hbn. The ab. hirpina Zickert (not irpina as stated in Vol. 2, p. IS)
does not originate from the Riviera, but from Paternopoli (Avellino) Campagna. It flies mid July. The 3 longi¬
tudinal streaks of forewing form a solid red area, having suppressed all but vestiges of the dark ground colour
on costal, inner and outer margins.

p. 7, line 13 from below. Z. purpuralis Brunnich. The type race was described from Denmark (Isle
of Seeland), around Copenhagen. I have received from the Zoological Museum of the University of Copen¬
hagen a series of freshly captured danish purpuralis from Adserho and Tisvilde in the north of the Isle of See¬
land and captured in July. In general these correspond to the original illustration of Brunnich of his pur¬
puralis in regard to size, wing contour and formation of spots. It would appear that purpuralis does not — or
no longer does — occur in the immediate surroundings of Copenhagen. I therefore take the specimens of
those populations from around Adserbo and Tisvilde as typical of purpuralis. They are relatively small speci¬
mens with short rather rounded off forewings and fairly deep blue-black bodies in greenish black in $ and
especially the d has densely haired body. Ground colour in d is generally bluish black and glossy, in the $
it is more inclined to be greenish black. The red of the spots of forewings and the hindwings is a rather dull
dark carmine. The scales are not less dense, in fact in some dd they appear to be denser than for instance
those of the populations from around Berlin. The size of the spots on forewings adapts itself to the size of
the specimen, sometimes the streaks are separated, sometimes they merge, but in no specimen are they inter¬
rupted. The wedge-shaped spot is generally small, not expanding towards apex, occasionally it approaches
fairly close to margin, in others spot 6 is only faintly indicated. The margins of hindwings in the dd are only
visible at apices and they are lighter than the dark fringes. The have no margin to hindwings and some¬
what paler fringes. One d has fairly wide, almost uniformly wide margin to hindwings right to the inner
margin: ab. latemarginata ab. nov. The few specimens before me from Rorwig, Hornbaek and also from Faxe latemargi-
on Seeland, similarly those from the Isle of Moen scarcely vary at all from the type population, purpuralis
is said to also occur on the Isle of Fiinen near Faaborg.

The var. caledonensis Reiss from around Oban (Argyle), W. Scotland, is much more thinly scaled caledonen-
than typical purpuralis, but is just as densely haired as same. In regard to the sparse scaling, it approaches
the var. nubigena Led. from the High Alps, but on an average it is larger and has rather bolder clubs to an¬
tennae. The central of the red streaks is abbreviated and only diffuses slightly at its extremity, the streaks
are merely separated by the blackish veins. The blackish margin at apex of hindwings of d is as in typical
purpuralis .

Irish specimens in my collection, labelled Clare coast and Ardrahan, Galway, ex coll. Tutt, captured
end of June, show a red colour that appears more or less admixed with yellow and differing from all danish,

Scottish or german populations known to me. Those from the first-named locality are smaller than purpuralis ,
whilst those from the latter are almost as large as german specimens. In other respects and in the formation
of the spots they are very similar. The hairs of the body in the dd are not more dense, the scaling is par¬
tially somewhat weaker than in german specimens. I denominate the race: hibernica var. nov. (= nubigena Mbemica.

Supplementary Volume 2 32

250

Addenda : ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

Birchall). As the locality of the type population I name Ardrahan, Galway. Types $ $ and cotypes in my
collection, further cotypes in the Museum at Tring. Whether specimens from english localities belong to
hibernica, I am not at present in a position to define, as I have none before me. Here must be mentioned ab.
lutescens. listescerss Tutt (from Galway) with yellow markings in place of red. The ab. obscura Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 18) of
which the original specimens emanate from Carnarvonshire (Wales) has the spots of forewings and in lesser
degree the hindwings suffused with black, faint red scales are partially visible.

The purpuralis populations from the borders of the north german plains southwards to the alps, ex¬
cluding the high Alps, which differ from the type race of Seeland by their larger size, more extensive mark¬
ings, le&s dense hairiness of the body and thinner scaling of wings, should be denominated with the next oldest
pythia, name after purpuralis, viz: subsp. pythia F. The locality of the existing type of pythia ex the Fabricitjs col¬
lection in Rid cannot be ascertained and will probably never be known. Fabricitjs simply indicated Germany
as the oiigin. The names scabiosae Schev. (Regensburg), pilosellae Esp. (Erlangen), minos Hbn. (Augsburg)
should meanwhile be held to be synonyma of pythia *). All the aberrations denominated in Yol. 2, p. 18 and 19
and m Suppl. Vol. 2, p. 7 under purpuralis should be classified here. In place of the name rubrotecta Vrty. the
omnicon- older name: ab omnkonfluens Vorbr. should be substituted and in place of plutonia Vrty. the name ab. parvi-
parvima- maCuIata Vorbr- ■ mediointerrupta Vorbr. is. synonymous with the older name ab. interrupts Stgr. and divisa
culata. Vorbr. similarly with ab. sexmaculata Bgjf. Guhn describes from Rudersdorf (Berlin) an alleged dwarf race
pimpind- as var. pimpinellae : it is thinly scaled, colour paler, rose, the grey larvae feed on Pimpinella nigra.

cracovien- Holik establishes the var. cracoviensis for W. Galicia (Cracow). Wing contour wide, truncate. Scaling

SiS' coarse’ sootV fairly dense with faint superficial blue gloss, the $$ barely paler or not at all. Red markings
and hindwings carmine. The central streak terminating in an almost straight cut outwardly, scarcely curved
in at all not lobate. Hairs of thorax and abdomen short. The most remarkable distinguishing feature is the
completely black fringes of the wings.

bljevana. The var. kijevana Przeg. from Tshary near Teterew, Province Kieff, has elongate relatively narrow

fore wings, which are accordingly correspondingly pointedly oval at apex. Scaling of is dense with chill blue-
black gloss, the $ is more thinly scaled and has duller colouration. Markings of forewings are deep scarlet,
very regularly shaped, but fairly narrow. Spot 6 is short and oval and is broadly attached to spot 5. Fringes
of forewings pale. Hindwings similarly narrow. Only the sometimes has indications of a margin through
a slight duskiness at apex. The antennae are long and in contrast to the other races, they gradually thicken
cingulata. towards the club. Body moderately hairy. Legs strikingly black. To be classified here: ab. cingulata ( Bgff .)
rubrotecta. Holik with red abdominal belt; ab. rubrotecta (Vrty.) Holik, spots of forewings very distended and confluent,
the latter aberration is rare.

Przegendza describes from Menaggio on Lake Como in July the var. erythroides. This race has very
wide, brilliant red markings on forewings. The central streak expands fan-shape towards the margin where
it diffuses, terminating in a wide clear cut edge. The wings are narrow of dull black ground colour without
a superficial gloss. In many (abt. one-third) of the specimens of this race the red wedge-shaped spot is much
enlarged m both sexes, so that only a relatively small black outer margin is all that remains of the ground
colour. The spots in the majority of cases are scarcely divided by the ground colour. Fine streak-like red
dustings extending over the lower streak to the hind margin (similar to those of erythrus ) are striking in this
lace. This streak is more pronounced in £ than in the The $ is much less densely scaled, corresponding
to ab. grisescens Bgff., markings otherwise being as in Antennae are relatively short.

f rom the Carnic Alps, Sappada, 1300 m altitude, var. carnica Vrty. is denominated. According to
Lie desciiption it is an intermediate form between nubigena Led. and pluto 0 ., Verity compares it to carsiea
Rocci from KarM, which however is not diaphanous. Margins of hindwings are about as those of Corsica Rocci.

sareptensis. p. 8, line 10 from below, subsp. sareptensis was first described by Krulikowsky (= sareptensis i. 1.

!%/•., sareptensis Rbl.) from specimens from the central Urals, Ufa, Kasan, Sarapol and Saratov To jud'o-e
by specimens before me from Werchne-Uralsk and Kalkanowa in the S. Urals, sareptensis is scarcely larger
than pythia 1 . and has distinctly more thinly scaled, paler forewings with normal spots. The hindwings espe-
‘ !a'^-v ate pale red, almost rose and without any margin. The red often seems to have an admixture of yellow.
In the $9 the dark patches of the forewings are more or less whitish grey or with a yellowish hue. Sometimes
theie are traces of a white collar and of whitish edged scapulae. Specimens from Sarepta and the other localities

*) In the register of labels of Fabricius, which is still in existence, he has
and pilosclla Esp. as synonyms of pythia F.

quite rightly enumerated scabiosae Schev.

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

25]

indicated will probably not differ materially. Here we must classify ab. redlichi Krul. (Sergijevsk, Samara) redlichi.
with red abdominal belt.

p. 9, line 19 from top. I possess specimens identical with subsp. tianschanica Bgff. from the Tarbagatai,

Saur mountains, from an altitude of 2800 m.

p. 9, line 2t) from top: read serpillum instead of serphyllum.

p. 9 Z. erebaea Bgff According to a specimen of a $ in my collection with a label of Haberhattee, this
also occurs in the Taurus.

p. 9 Z. corycia Stgr. From the original specimens of Staitdinger (2 <Jd), I consider it more correct
to deem the specimens of Lederer from the Taurus as the type and not those from Manissa, as there is a
doubt in regard to the latter locality. Compared to brizae Esp. the typical corycia is smaller with shorter more
truncate forewings, the scaling is thinner and the red duller and not so bright. One of the before me shows
the streak marks 3 — 5 almost intersected by the dark ground colour.

The subspecies staudingeriaiia Reiss (= corycia Seitz) from Bjarre in the Lebanon, 1 — 15 June 1931 staudinge-
(1300—1850 m altitude) as a type race, has a brighter red. The club of antennae, especially that of the
is generally much heavier than in typical corycia from the Taurus, sometimes even the club of $ brizae Esp. is
exceeded. In the $ the club of antennae is always less heavy than in The $ is very variable in regard to
size. Sometimes it is as large as brizae. Also the hairs of body are denser. The legs are black. The longi¬
tudinal marks are well developed, never constricted or interrupted. On underside the spots are somewhat en¬
larged, but they are paler than on upperside. The blackish blue margins to hindwings vary in width, they are
boldest at> apex and generally extend to inner angle. The blackish fringes are darker than the margin. The
specimens collected by Cremona around Beirut, which are in my collection, agree in general with this dia¬
gnosis, but they are not larger than typical corycia. A $ ex the coll. Staitdinger, labelled Lebanon (Lederer)
does not differ in size, the antennae are also not heavier than those of corycia , however the red is the more
vivid shade, mentioned by Staitdinger. Unfortunately the exact locality is not ascertainable. — A corycia
race occurring around Zebdani in Antelebanon, of which 2 specimens were captured on 17th May 1931, is deli¬
cately built and also more thinly scaled than standing eriana. Margins of hindwings in these specimens are
even narrower than in typical corycia.

p. 9, line 8 from below. The type and not the $ of subsp. adanensis Reiss is illustrated on pi. 1 h.

II. Subgen. Silvicola Bgff.

Bitrgeff’s closer examination of the genitalia has revealed that gallica Oberth., giesekingiana Reiss,
nevadensis Rmb. and chaos Bgff. may be held to have genitalia that vary sufficiently to be considered species.

Further they are more closely allied among themselves than with romeo Dup. and lineata Reiss, which them¬
selves have close affinities, see p. 252/3. It is therefore necessary to classify gallica Oberth. and giesekingiana
Reiss in Subgen. Silvicola Bgff. All these species have no connection at all with brizae Esp., corycia Stgr. and
erebaea Bgff.

p. 9, line 3 from below. Z. gallica Oberth. In the original description Oberthur compares gallica with
corycia Stgr. from Akbes and Eden. The streak marks in comparison with corycia are narrower, less prolonged
and hindwings have wider margins. The general impression of gallica is delicate and faintly dusky, the wings
are thinly scaled. I have specimens from Eigne and Le Boreon, from 1400 m altitude.

p. 9, line 1 from below. Z. giesekingiana Reiss is closely related to gallica, but the differences in the
genitalia are sufficient for specific separation (Burgeff). This species appears to be more thinly scaled than
gallica. Besides being taken at Vence, it has recently been captured in June in some quantity near Grasse.

The illustration on pi. 1 h shows rather too much blue in the ground colour and the red is somewhat too fiery.

p. 11, line 16 from below. Z. nevadensis Rmb. Besides the degree of relationship mentioned above,
this species also has affinities with romeo Dup. and lineata Reiss and their races. The type race emanates
from the central areas of the Sierra Nevada in S. Spain. The specimens are generally smaller than giesekingiana
with short truncate rounded forewings and thinly scaled. Ground colour bluish black with a faint greenish
hue. Forewings with 5 dull red spots. Spot 1 elongated and pointed, spot 2 rounded off, almost oviform, spot
3 very small, slightly elongated, spot 4 fairly large, often slightly conjoined with spot 2. Hindwings short,
rounded off at apex, with a more or less wide, dull, almost hyaline margin. It expands at apex and sometimes
projects along the costa gradually fading away. It merges with the dull red of the hindwings. The antennae,
especially of the $ have distinct clubs. The colouration on pi. 1 k is somewhat too bright. — The specimens
mentioned in the Supplementary Volume on p. 11, line 16 from below, from around Guarda in Portugal, are
very close to the type race. They are also thinly scaled and with dull red. Margins of hindwings faint. In

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

*— tj

the few specimens of this Portuguese nevadensis colony that have so far been captured and of which some are
8CaM0dei m my- Collection> spot„2 is more or less closely conjoined with 4. ab. scabiosoides Reiss denotes a $ aberration
in which spots 3 and 5 are conjoined by a red bar along the vein. The wing contour of the 2 $$ is distinctly
more elongated and not nearly so truncate. Should these distinguishing features prove to be constant this
kr‘cheJ: race should be named : kricheldorffi var. nov. These specimens were captured along the edge of a small damp
field and were relatively rare. — Neighbouring on these subdiaphanous nevadensis of S. Spain and Portugal,
a more densely scaled race (especially in <J) occurs end of July and beginning of August at 1400—1600 m alti¬
tude in the Sierra Nogera and Sierra Alta near Albarracin in Aragon. It occurs on meadows sloping towards
falleriana. the south and on which young oak scrub grows. I introduce the race as var. falleriana Reiss. The antennae
and body are deep black. Wing contour is more rounded at apex than in nevadensis. The antennae of $ are
rather more heavily clavate. Ground colour of forewings bluish black in red rather more brilliant, hind-
wings with faiily wide blue black margin to inner margin, widest at apex, contrasting sharply from the rather
vivid red. Antennae of $ rather less heavy, ground colour inclined to greenish black, margins of hindwings
narrower and fainter, but distinctly outlined against the red. Spot 1 in and $ diffusing to about the level
of spot 3, sometimes conjoining with same by red scales above the nervure. Spots 2 and 4 widely separated,

rarely approximating one another as in nevadensis. Spot 4 generally elliptical, spot 5 always circular Fringes
bluish black. &

1 he subsP- schmidti Reiss (16 k) emanates from the spurs of the Sierra de Gredos, around Arenas St.
Pedro, Prov. Avila, west of Madrid in June. It is remarkable that this striking race has only been discovered
now, when one considers how close to Madrid it occurs. It is considerably larger than nevadensis and the other
races enumerated above. In both sexes it is just as densely scaled as falleriana $ with brilliant pale carmine
red with a touch of vermilion in it. Antennae, especially of $ with distinct but light club, tip rounded off,
as in nevadensis. Body bluish black with relatively long abdomen. Spot 1 diffuses to about the level of the
small spot 3, sometimes being joined to same by red diffusion over the vein. Only in one J is spot 3 separ¬
ated, about as m romeo Dup. Spot 2 is generally slightly prolonged towards spot 4. Spot 4 is generally en¬
larged in the direction of spot 2, only occasionally spots 2 and 4 are faintly joined together along the vein.
Spot 5 is also much enlarged and extended to an oval shape, having an inclination to approach spot 3. Rarely
spot 3 is conjoined with spot 5 along the vein. Margins of hindwings bluish black, distinctly outlined and Gener¬
ally narrower than in falleriana. In one $ in which the spots of forewing are very enlarged, the margin of
hindwing is much reduced. On underside of forewings the spot markings are generally situate in a sort of
rosy haze that covers the entire area. It occurs sporadically in forest clearings and open woodland on the leaves
of low growing plants and is rarely found on flowers (Dr. A. Schmidt). The $ type is illustrated.

Z. nevadensis appears to be widely distributed in Spain and Portugal and it is probably only a question
of time till fresh localities are found. The colonies at Sequeros, Pena de Francia in W. Spain, occurring at an
altitude of 1000 m and which I mentioned on p. 11, line 15 from below, of this Supplement, cannot be properly
apprized from the few specimens before me, but they would appear to be close to schmidti.

p. 11, line 16 from top. Z. romeo Dup A) ( = celeus H.-Schdff.). All the races and forms dealt with under
subsp. romeo Dup. on p. 11, lines 16—40 from top, belong here. The type race from Sicily has the most heavily
clavate antennae in both sexes. Forewings expand slightly outwards, outer margin is rounded off, similarly
apex. The spots are usually separated, spot 4 large, elongate, projecting towards the inner angle and also
inwardly. Spot 3 is small, 1 longer than 2, 5 roundish terminating in a point outwardly. The red is almost
cinna tar red, margin of hindwings moderately wide. On underside there is often a somewhat reddish colour¬
ation between the spots. I have romeo from Le Madonie in June. The exact locality of the type in Sicily
is not known. Cabebla mentions a population of romeo from the Caronia near Mistretta in Sicily (at an altitude
of over 1000 m), which is only 25 — 27 mm large and resembles subalpina Calh. (p. 11, line io from top) as
regards markings; on underside all the spots are conjoined. — The var. neapolitana Calb. emanates from the
mountains around Campagna. Antennae are like those of avion H.-Schdff., but less heavily clavate. Red of
the G is a deep carmine or better still a carmoisine, in the ? a paler, fainter carmoisine. The black marginal
band of hindwings is double or three times as wide. The darkest have only 2 red rays on hindwings ex¬
tending from base to centre of wings. The spots 2 and 4 are rarely confluent: ab. analiconjuncta Bqff The
ab. mgernma Zickert of which it was stated in Vol. 2, p. 19 that these were plain black individuals, are actually
specimens with very dusky fore and hindwings.

raUs-vufhki “T sfabios™ to specimens from Regensburg which are illustrated by Schaffer as purpu-

™.ll,s. ~ Schaffer, leones Insectorum Ratisbonensium, PI. 16. fig. 4 and 5 — . The illustrations of Schafffr arJ ,,,
is met that no doubt is possible. Therefore the next oldest name: romeo Dup. is valid to designate the species The purpu-
anvwh efe'neS H°CClll Bin p™fusi°” at Regensburg, whilst according to my information scabiosae Esp. is no longer found

that it cannot I.-i vfnT ' scabwsae EsV- occurred at Regensburg in the time of Schaffer, it must have been so rare

that it cannot have predominated and can scarcely have been differentiated among the innumerable pythia, that look so similar.

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

253

The genitalia of romeo Dup. differ from those of the races of central Europe, which vary among them¬
selves but which have sleeker, narrower wings with more acute apices and sleeker more pointed antennae. I
am grouping these together under the denomination — lineata subsp. nov. It is not easy to separate these lineata.
races from the romeg races, as for instance in the southern Alps a doubtful mixture of the 2 races occurs, that
makes a division of the 2 groups difficult. Further a few of the eastern races cannot definitely be placed
with either the one or the other of the groups. The genitalia of the various populations, according to Burgeff,
vary with the individual specimen, further the genitalia of the different races vary among themselves. There¬
fore in spite of the differences in the genitalia for instance of romeo (Sicily) and lineata (Germany) one can
in this case speak of a unit of species, in which in the determinate area of distribution not only the outward
appearance but also the genitalia of the individuals are subject to variation.

As the tvpe race of lineata (16 k) I designate the population of Dollnstein, captured mid July, embracing
broadly the populations of the franconian Jura and central Germany, as far as same are not already separately
denominated. They are mostly dainty insects with constricted, but rarely quite interrupted streak marks.

Scaling is relatively thin. The S type ex my collection is illustrated. The $ type is also in my collection.

Cotypes are to be found in the collection of Przegendza.

The races enumerated under scabiosae on p. 10, lines 13 — 44 and var. eupyreruiea Bgfj. (p. 11, line 1
at top), which also occurs on the Picos de Europa, should be classified here.

p. 10, line 18 from below. Quite close to tenuicurva Bgjf. the var. polonia Przeg. from Szerzeniowce polonia.
near Lemberg, should be placed. According to the description it reminds one somewhat of the italian races
by its dense black scaling, relatively wide margin of hindwings, medium wide wings, the faintly curved margin
of forewings with rounded apex. The antennae are fine and distend gradually to a pointed club. Maikings
of forewings are much reduced with a strong inclination of the brilliant red spots to separation. Spots 3 and
5 are separated in the majority of specimens. Spots 2 and 4 are narrowly conjoined. It occurs at end of June.

The race from the N. Ukraine of lineata : var. irpenjensis Holilc <fc Reiss from Irpenj (Province of Kieff) irpenjensis.
belongs to the narrow winged type, this characteristic is much more apparent in same than in tenuicuiva Bgjf.
and in moravian specimens. Hindwings are narrow and pointed at apex. This is so extended and acute that
the costa is generally almost straight and not curved. Antennae are long and sleek terminating in a point. 1 he
reduction in the size of the streak markings is striking, the divisa forms occur very frequently. It closely re¬
sembles the asiatica Bgjf. from the Urals, however on account of the pointed wings, it is better linked to lineata.

III. Subgen. Lycastes Hbn.

p. II, line 10 from below. Z. exulans Hocheniv. & Reiner. The original types of the ab. striata Tutt
with spots 2 and 4, as well as 3 and 5 of forewings more or less confluent, originate from Andermatt and Le
Lautaret. The denominations of Vorbrodt: ab. costalielongata : spot 1 elongated along costa, ab. anaHelon- costali-
gata: spots 2 and 4 loosely conjoined, ab. apicalielongata : spots 3 and 5 loosely conjoined, all denote merely an^^_a'

transition forms to striata, whilst parallela Vorbr. and pseudoscabiosae Hoffm. are synonyms of striata Tutt. gata.

apicali-

p. 12, line 22 from below. I have now also obtained subsp. sajana Bgff. from Chulugaisha Mondy in
the Sajan mountains in July at an altitude of 3100 m altitude.

The subsp. exsiliens Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 24, pi. 6 c) of which the original specimen (1 <$) is said to have
been captured at Tarbagatai and which according to Elwes also occurs in the Altai. According to the original
description it has very transparent greenish black forewings with 5 small red spots, which are arranged in the
same order as those of exulans, those of the latter however being much larger. Of the 2 basal spots, the upper
one is a narrow and short streak, the lower one somewhat oval and very small. Of the 2 central spots, the one at
the commencement of the central cell is like a large dot, whilst the one situate below same outwardly almost
appears to be cordiform and is of about the same size as the 5th spot placed at the end of central cell. This spot
is oval, fairly clearly outlined and also only small in size. On underside the 2 basal spots are only indicated by
a few red hairs. Fringes, as in vanadis, are quite dark and there is no indication of any trace of a whitish or
yellowish circumscription to the red spots. Hindwings have very wide dark margins, extending almost to
central cell. As they are also black at base, this colour is predominant and the pale red therefore actually only
appears in centre and at inner angle. Head and body are completely black, only the legs are partially varie¬
gated with yellow hairs. The illustration of exsiliens (not exiliens as stated on p. 12, line 19 from below) on
pi. 6 c of Vol. 2 does not entirely agree with this diagnosis and it is doubtful whether Stattdinger's original
was depicted.

254

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

IV. Subgen. Hyala Bgff.

, , . b' 13, bne “d d’om toP- Z favonia Freyer ( = cedri Bruand). Przegendza denominates as var seb-

•**“""*• dou“s,s a raoe that 18 <***«<> VM. staudingeri Aust. It emanates from Sebdou in W. Algeria and is striking
by its dainty appearance and shorter forewings. On an average it is smaller than javonia from Bone and Batna*
I he steel-grey scaling is somewhat denser than in specimens from E. Algeria, which appear transparent in
consequence of their sparse scaling. Hairs on thorax are grey and sparse. The most important characteristic

rare'18 * re%ulav’ not ver>’ Wlde bl,t nevertheless wider margin on hindwings than in the other javonia

races, further every specimen has a peculiarly short abdomen with a narrow abdominal belt in the <?.

p. 13, line 27 from top. I possess the var. staudingeri Aust, thinly scaled, with abdominal belt on only
one segment; from the Museum at Tring. It is labelled Masser Mines, Lalla Marnia, mid June 1914 leg
Iakoilt and is now m my collection. Austaut’s originals were captured at Nemours in W. Algeria. ’

i i n ??? bel0W‘ Als° of the nioroccan subsp. cadillaci Oberth., typical of Azrou, I have 2 A A

TnLai9-! l aSt‘Achlefj June 1928’ leg‘ PoWELL’ the other Tarseft Pass, Central Atlas, 2200 m, 11th
hi 0 • ^ It HaR™RE and 70TJN6> both llke cadillaci with rosy red spot markings and almost rose coloured
hindwings Thorax black without any grey- white hairs, abdomen heavily haired with a single belt In the

dTTl SpeCime,n tbe sP°ts of lorewing are enlarged, spots 3 and 5 are faintly conjoined whilst 5 and 6
a e definitely separate. The latter specimen almost indicates the streak spot marking of purpuralis, spot 1 much

elongated, - and 4 widely conjoined, similarly 3 and 5, besides 5 and 6 conjoined as in thevestis Stgr ■ these
streak markings are only separated by the veins.

P13> Jine 22 from below. What was said on p. 13 in regard to Z. thevestis Stgr., only applies to the
oca dies Lambessa and Tebessa. At Geryville, whence the race type emanates, Guelt-es-Stel and Aflou both
° aRC iaVe enlai‘ged sPots on forewmgs and spots 5 and 6 become confluent towards one another and to¬
wards the apex m a greater or lesser degree. Spots 3 and 5 are not conjoined in the specimens before me. The
!'' o he spots, hindwings and the 3 abdominal belts (which are not complete on underside) is more brilliant
, . 7 Z iT. Yer7 111 COl°r- outstanding race, of which Oberthub wrote already in 1888, is denominated

Cenriaria Centnalgetia SU^J- nov- The thevestis $ has no such fiery colour. It has, just like centrialgeria 2 instead of

not 3r Tb'f Separatef Sp°ts 5 and 6 of the <?> a larSe axe-shaped end spot. Spot 1 extends to and beyond

R ot 3. Ihe latter m contrast to my specimens of centrialgeria, is conjoined by a fine red streak with the apical

ceilZtrt'l 868 rn1 6XPT C°n“ly t0Wards the apex- The collar and scapulae of thevestis and
centrialgeria are more finely and smoothly haired (scaled) with whitish grey than is the case in javonia,

1 ](. i li14, /IU!C 3r2ll°n\top' sarPed°n Hbn. According to more recent research, it appears question-
abl® h !hei balearica Bsd, which was reported to be identical with my conjluenta, occurs as a race at Cadiz
It should be added that Boisditval described and illustrated his balearica twice. Only the second time he
i us ra ec a specimen from Cadiz. The first description, which is the only one that is valid, is quite different
iom the second and both illustrations differ materially. Specimens occur among hispanica and variabilis

vebol rl/ T^er T" ” ^ SC?led’ the red VarTing ^cording to the density, from rose to a brilliant

yellow -led. These have spot 5 diffusing into an axe-like mark. Further spot 1 mav diffuse along the costa as far

as spot 3 and spot _ may be widely confluent with spot 4. This form occurs in all transitions as an aberration
and I have specimens from Cuenca, Albarracin, Chiclana and Granada. An intermediate specimen that is
censefy scaled and with the red heavily admixed with yellow and in which spot 5 diffuses, I have named ab.

!' I0> , lancab .■'y P- lne 14 from below. In this specimen spot 3 is missing and spots 1 and 2 are not
en arged. One might denominate the hispanica and variabilis with considerably enlarged forewing spots as
ab. balecrnca Bsd., it one did not have to wait to see how the sarpedon races from the Balearic Islands on
which the denomination was based, look. I would therefore propose, that balearica Bsd. is reserved for speci¬
mens tom the Balearic Islands and to apply my denomination as subspecies confluenta to the populations from
To ana and Sierra de Espunna (Mercia). In these the confluence of the spots, the expansion of spot 5, the

frttZ18 Aa m r6C and the denS6r SCaling of the dark Portions of the wing are constant charact-

e nstics. Among the many specimens which I have had for comparative purposes, there is only 1 from Totana

lusnall " PRrer red having le®s admixture of yellow: ab. pseudo-

conjluenta.

pseudo

hisvanica hicnatuVa uu n F n T 1 n^ vmg less admixture ot yellow : ab. pseudo-

v hispamca Russ. The confluenta Bass has an extreme similarity with centrialgeria Reiss from central Algeria,

, „„„,i ; P' 14’ 1U!e.S f!?m,bel0Wl f’ Vamrnn 0. Specimens from Balcie on the Rumanian Silver Coast corres-

dJZ'F g,en,eral t0 the ‘W**1 Hungarian jmnctum. Among these is ab. pseudodystrepta I Bgff ) Beiss with

' Pr°n0Un0.ed ****!* markings. - From around Fiume (Susak Trsat, 28th June 1931 140 m. leg Kolb) I

T™”1® series with very reduced spot markings, about like the genuine itala Bgff. or contamineoides Stgr.
In comparison this race has narrower and more acute wings than any race hitherto known to me. The red

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

255

with slightly less admixture of yellow, margin of hindwing rather less bold than in the typical punctum from
Hungary. I denominate this readily distinguishable race, which is no doubt widely distributed along the sea¬
board: koltoi var. nov.,i n honour of Dr. Kolb of Munich. The types are in my collection. Cotypes besides kolbi.
are in the collections of Dr. Kolb and Daniel in Munich. A specimen labelled Dalmatia, exactly corresponds
to kolbi.

p. 14, line 7 from below. Verity has recently given some interesting particulars in regard to the italian
punctum races. The var. itala Bgff. { — italica Stgr.) originated according to Staudinger from central and
southern Italy and is larger than the typical punctum from Hungary. To a marked degree the white scaling
and hairs on thorax are missing. It forms in a certain sense a transition to var. contamineoides Stgr. Verity
proposes to select as type population of itala, the colonies from the coast of Leghorn, Montenero, 200 m altitude
taken in June/July. — The race from around Florence up to 900 m altitude, Verity names italaparva, type italaparva.
population Pian di Mugnone (Florence). It is smaller than itala and approaches typical punctum in point of
size. It is more sparsely scaled and with duller colouration.

In central Italy (Mt. Sibillini) Querci discovered in a small valley below the summit of the Pizzo tre

Vescovi at 1700 m altitude, mid July, a delicate race, which Verity names var. excelsior. The scaling is rela- excelsior.

tively feeble. The dark parts of wing are grey, the red is pale rose and has no inclination towards yellow.

In spite of the fact that generally speaking the spots are very reduced in size, specimens occur which are very

difficult to differentiate from small rubicundus Hbn.: ab. rubkumliformis Vrty. rubicundi-

formis.

The new races mentioned by Verity: microdystrepta — Valle del Petrella, 1200 m, Mt. Aurunci (Ca-
serta), end of June; superdystrepta — Esperia, Mt. Aurunci and dystrepta — Mt. Simbruini (900 — 1000 m),
appear to be more or less identical with var. faitensis Std. (p. 14, line 3 from below) and it would probably
not be at all easy in a few years to distinguish these races in freshly captured specimens.

p. 15, line 17 from top. Z. contaminei Bsd. From the Picos de Europa in N. Spain I obtained this
species from A. Kricheldorff, the specimens being very large and fine were captured between Treviso and
La Liebana. Especially from the latter locality the specimens distinctly show a small spot 3 on forewings,
which Boisduval in his original description of contaminei from around Barege in the Pyrenees, also mentioned.

This however is absent in my specimens from Gedre. Specimens ($) with rudimentary red abdominal belt,
which Boisduval mentions as frequently occurring, have not yet come into my possession.

p. 15, line 19 from top. The var. ledereri Rmb. from the Sierra de Roncla in S. Spain, described by
Rambur from a specimen captured by Lederer, judged by the original illustration may be said to be close
to Z. nevadensis Rmb. in regard to size and markings and except for the heavier antennae. Rambur says that
ledereri has narrower wings than contaminei. The spot markings are described as follows : Spot 1 slightly dif¬
fusing on costa, very pointed; spot 2 conjoined to spot 1, loosely connected with spot 4; spot 3 small, like a
small streak, spot 5 distended. Hindwings not hyaline at base; the dark margin wider at apex, not so dark
as the fringes. Margins clearly outlined against red of hindwings. A <$ captured by Kricheldorff near
Guarda in Portugal is larger and more robust than the usual nevadensis -kricheldorffi occurring there and has
also heavier antennae with heavier clubs. The antennae however are not as heavy as in contaminei, which is
otherwise quite as large. As the other description of ledereri approximately applies to this specimen, I assume
it to be a ledereri.

VI. Subgen. Peucedanophila Bgff.

p. 15, line 28 from below. Z. cynarae Esp. Przegendza has named the population from the Stadtwald
near Kieff: var sySvana. It differs distinctly from the type race from Lemberg by its strikingly elongated, sylvcma.
narrow forewings with rounded apices. The spot markings are small, scaling not particularly dense and having
grey-green gloss. The antennae are fairly delicate with gradually expanding clubs. In the the antennae
are very like those of filipendulae, but shorter. Margin of hindwing is like in the type race, but wider. Body
relatively long with short black hairs and narrow red abdominal belt. The $$ are not generally paler in colour.

In this race the following aberrations occur: ab. tricingulata {Bgff.) Holik with 3 red abdominal belts, ab. ru- tricingula-
brianata {Bgff.) Holik with red anal clasps, ab. corsfluens {Bgff.) Holik with confluent spots on forewing in
every possible combination. This confluence of the spots is not of rare occurrence. Most frequently spots 2 and

4 conjoin, this may be complete or the two spots may be joined by a bar. More rarely spots 3 and 4 or 3 and

5 become confluent. Sometimes both spots 2 and 4, as well as 3 and 5 are confluent and spot 1 may be ex¬
tended to costal margin. In ab. ormikorsfluens {Shelf, i. 1.) Holik the entire spot area of forewings is completely
red, only the dark margin is retained.

rubrianata.
co nf l uens.

omnicon-

fluens.

256

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

uralensis. The var. uralensis H.-Schciff. from the Urals, does not belong to centaureae Fisch.-Wald., as has been

assumed hitherto, but is a cynarae race. Herrich- Schaffer has described and illustrated a small specimen
( $) with confluent spots 2 and 4, as well as 3 and 5. Specimens from Kalkanowa, S. Urals, 830 m altitude,
correspond in general to Herrich- Schaffer's description. The specimens are thinly scaled with dull red.
Usually the 5 spots of forewings are separated and the wings are rather more densely scaled than hindwings.
'Fhe latter have a wide, blackish, almost hyaline margin, wider in $. Many specimens are relatively small,
often not being larger than meliloti, others, especially $$ are larger. Frequently spots 2 and 4, as also spots
3 and 5 are approximated on the veins and occasionally they may be conjoined. Ground colour of inclined
to bluish, of $ more to greenish. Abdominal belt in most of the only visible laterally, whilst in the $$
it is complete on upperside, however in all specimens it is open ventrally.

rubrianaia. p. 15, line 19 from below. To var. pusztae Bgff. we have to add ab. rubrianata Bgff. (Vol. 2, p. 442).

taurinorum. p. 16, line 2 from top. According to Verity var. taurinorum Vrty. from Turin represents a transition

tusca. race between veronicae and turatii. — Verity describes var. tusca from Pian di Mugnona (Florence) as type
and further from Palazzuolo di Romagna (700 m altitude), which as the preceding form must be considered
a race of subsp. turatii ; tusca, just as taurinorum, is smaller than turatii and about as large as humilis. The
degree of the scaling is about halfway between that of turatii and taurinorum. The ground colour of the $
is always glossily bluish, whilst that of the $ is dull dark grey and not milky greenish grey as in taurinorum .
The dark margins of hindwing are just as narrow as in taurinorum and hereby the two races differ from turatii ,
as well as humilis, with which turatii has most resemblance, var. tusca was only discovered in 1921 in Florence,
although Stefanelli, Verity and Qiterci had collected intensively there for years, in fact for tens of years.

1 he reason for this is that turatii and its races occur in strictly restricted localities and the flight of the is
limited to a few days, after which they disappear. The as I was able personally to observe in the hills
around Genoa, scarcely fly at all.

p. 16, line 22 from top. Z. centaureae Fisch.-Wald., described exclusively from S. Russia, type race
being from Sarepta, has been ascertained to occur in the S. Urals and in the immediate and more distant sur¬
roundings of Kieff, flying along with cynarae races (although strictly separated from same) occurring there.
Both species have separate areas of distribution. Bartel already in 1902 laid stress on the specific charact¬
eristics of centaureae. An examination of the genitalia has confirmed this. Whether the population of Nijni-
Uralsk (pi. 2 a of this Supplement) differs from the race type from Sarepta, cannot be definitely ascertained
from the few specimens at my disposal, but it is probably very close to same.

p. 16, line 22 from below. The var. ukrainica Shelj. occurs as the type at Kirillovskije ovragi near
Kieff. It has also been captured at Kamenka (not far from Dymer).

VII. Subgen. Lictoria Bgff.

p. 16, line 13 from below. Z. achilleae Esp. Roger Verity considers fulvia F.*) to be the oldest deno¬
mination of the species and refers in this respect to Esper, who in his original description of achilleae mentions
fulvia as being the same insect. Also Borkhattsen and Ochsenheimer presume that fulvia F. is identical
with achilleae Esp. Kirby proposed a correction in this regard in his Catalogue of 1892. The race type of
fulvia emanates from Austria. As I have not been able to establish the fact of the identity of fulvia and achil¬
leae by a comparison of the Fabricius collection and his catalogue of labels, I hold it to be best to retain the
denomination of this species as hitherto.

Burgeff grouped together under the denomination ab. confluens Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 27) all kinds of
forms of confluent spots. I consider this to be a more simple solution than giving each form of confluence a
separate name, as Vorbrodt has done. I therefore place the denominations of Vorbrodt: cestalielongata,
analielongata, analiconfluens and apicalimaculata as synonyms to ab. confluens Dziurz. Vorbrodt also esta-
sexmaciJa-blishes an ab. sexmaculata with 6-spotted forewings. — Should the names utilised hitherto for aberrations:

1"' a'ugsburga Bgff. (Augsburg) (p. 16, line 4 from below) and janthina Bsd. (p. 17, line 15 from below), later on
teneunco. be used to denominate races, the name: ab. teneunco now created by Verity may be accepted for the type
acumine. race and all races in which the axe-shaped mark is especially well developed. The name ab. acumine Vrty.

can be selected to apply to specimens with small round spot 5 that diffuses in a streak in the direction of
spot 6 that is missing. Further names by Verity: uncoflabello and crasseunco denote transition forms to
teneunco.

calcdoniae. A very striking race is subsp. caledoniae Vrty. (= caledonica Beiss) from W. Scotland, which Verity

has described from the Isle of Mull and which I possess from the peninsular of Morven. It has most resemblance
to alpestris Bgff. from the Alps from altitudes between 1200 and 2000 m, but is smaller and appears to be still

*) The type of fulvia F. is no longer to be found in the Fabricius collection in Kiel. Also a catalogue of labels of
Fabricius, which still exists, does not mention the name. However next to lonicerae Schev. there is a pencil note with refe¬
rence to fulvia, which whilst not having been made by Fabricius personally is yet in an old fashioned, but unknown hand¬
writing.

Publ. 8. XI. 1933.

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

257

more thinly scaled than same. Wings almost transparent with hyaline ray at base of hindwings. Ground
colour of <$ and $ dull 'blackish with no interspersion of yellowish scales, the red being an obscure carmine
rose. Thorax and abdomen distinctly and densely haired. Forewings pronouncedly truncate at apex. Spots
of forewings much reduced in size. Spot 6 small, attached to spot 5. Hindwings merely with blackish fringes.
The $ in my collection shows spots 2 and 4 faintly conjoined despite the smallness of the spots. It can
be distinguished from zobeli Reiss from E. Prussia chiefly by the shape of the wings, although it is also
much larger and more densely scaled. A £ in my collection from around Stockholm (S. Sweden) has similar
wing contour to caledoniae, but it is more robust, more densely scaled and has much larger spots on fore¬
wings than same.

In the neighbourhood of Kieff (Kirillovskije ovragi) var. stauderi Holik Reiss occurs, which is to stauderi.

be classified as a race under subsp. zobeli Reiss. Wing contour is variable. Besides distinctly narrow and

pointed winged <$<£, there are also such with very broad and truncate wings. The vary similarly, they

are faintly, sometimes scarcely perceptibly dusted with yellow. Scaling is fairly dense. The markings are

not well developed, especially the reniform spot is much reduced in most and in a large percentage of

the $$. The red is a carmine rose; in the $ especially on forewings there is sometimes a faint admixture of

vermilion. The reduction in the spots is more pronounced than in typical zobeli from Osterode, the form is

smaller and wing£ shorter than same. Further zobeli has a slightly greater admixture of vermilion in the

colouration. The following aberrations occur : ab. flava {Dziurz.) Holik ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Holik, ab. rubri- flava.

anata ( Shelf . i. 1.) Holik-. with red anal clasps, ab. flavopraetexta ( Bgff .) Holik: spots with yellowish cir-

cumscription and ab. confluens [Dziurz.) Holik in varying combinations of confluence, most generally spots fiavopme-

2 and 4 being confluent. ,7 texta-

® confluens.

p. 17, line 19 from below. According to the original description subsp. arragonensis Stgr. emanates
from Albarracin, as does the <$ illustrated on pi. 2 b of this supplement. Stag dinger's types were captured
by Zapater and Korb. Spots of forewings enlarged, spots 2 and 4 generally widely confluent. The k is
fairly heavily dusted with grey.

p. 17, line 13 from below. In ab. giesekingi Wagn. (Vol. 2, p. 21) of the typical subsp. wagneri Mill.
according to the original description only spot 3 of forewings is absent. This denomination can of course be
used also for specimens with further reductions in the spot markings. Instead of ab. achilleoides (Vol. 2, p. 21)
the name should be ab. achilloides Wagn., the spots of forewing are enlarged, spot 5 diffuses forming an
axe-like mark, hindwings have narrower margin.

Przegendza describes a race from Voce near Spotorno (300 m altitude) that belongs to subsp. ligustica
Rocci and which he denominates as var. vozea from <§<§ captured early June. According to the description, vozea.
in this race the apices of fore and hindwings are generally very truncate. Hindwings with irregular but
fairly wide margin, especially at apex. Markings of forewings on an average smaller than in ligustica. Ge¬
nerally they are six-spotted, but spot 6 is very small in all specimens or is almost extinct. It differs from
ligustica from Genoa by the broader wings.

p. 18, line 22 from top. Verity has made a special study of triptolemus Him. He refers to Hubner's
indications and considers the S. Tyrol to be the home of subsp. triptolemus Hbn. In my opinion only ca-
stellana Stdr., the high altitude race from the S. Tyrol can come into question. This race shall in future
be deemed the genuine triptolemus Hbn. and castellana Stdr., p. 17, line 25 from below, held to be synony¬
mous, as the exact locality of triptolemus Hbn. will probably never be ascertained. — Verity separates
2 further races from subsp. triptolemus Hbn. The var. cicaleti Vrty. from the Pian cli Mugnone near Florence dcateti.
has, in comparison with triptolemus Hbn. somewhat enwidened spots on forewing, whilst against praeclara
Bgff. it is smaller and has narrower wings. The red is richer and more brilliant, the gloss more pronounced
and the $$ have much more whitish dusting on forewings than genuine triptolemus Hbn. and praeclara Bgff.

Verity denominates as var. tuscamodica a race from Mt. Conca (400 m) that again inclines to resemble trip- tuscamodi-
tolemus Hbn. from the S. Tyrol.

p. 18, line 4 from below, var. caliacrensis Reiss occurring end June to mid July around Balcic on caliacren-
the rumanian Silver Coast varies from subsp. macedonica Bgff. (Dojran lake, near Veles and on the Plagusha
Planina). It is not quite uniform in size and wing contour. The whitish hairiness of thorax is less pronounced
in the $$ and the white double collar is not distinctly visible in all <$$. In comparison to macedonica the
only have increased yellow scaling around the spots of forewings, so that these appear to have distinct
yellow circumscriptions. The <$<$ are almost devoid of any admixture of yellow scales on forewings. The
red colouration is approximately as in macedonica. The most striking and characteristic distinguishing feature
is the spot formation. The spots of forewings are generally reduced, especially however the apical spot.

Spot 6, as in transsiylvaniae Bgff., is frequently attached to spot 5 and in one of the $$ before me it
is practically extinct. The ab. confluens {Dziurz.) Reiss in which especially spots 2 and 4 are widely con- confluens.
fluent, is fairly frequent in spite of the inclination of the apical spot towards reduction, ab. cingulata {Dziurz.) cingulata.
Reiss, hitherto only found in <§ sex, has a distinctly visible red abdominal belt on one segment.

Supplementary Volume 2 33

258

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

p. 19, line 4 from top. The following is still to be recorded regarding the asiatic races: The types
of subsp. bitorquata Men. presumably emanate from the mountains of Talysh. According to photographs of
same now befoie me from the Zool. Institute of the Academy of Science at Leningrad, it is a large and
robust race, larger and with wider wings than is shown in the similarly photographed types of fraxini Men.
Probably Menetries only had before him for his description. According to the original record the
forewings are finely dusted with yellow, apex and inner margin being steel-blue. It is apparent that my
subsp. georgiae (Suppl. Vol. 2, p. 19) from Abbas-Tuman and the Tiflis mountains most closely resembles
same, but it has narrower wings, reduced spots and less yellow dusting on forewings in the $>.

p. 19, line 8 from top. The original specimens of var. phoenicea Stgr. were captured by Manissadjian
in fairly large numbers near Malatia in early August. As mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 27, it is distinguishable
by the almost completely red forewings with narrow blackish outer margin. In some specimens the single
spots of forewings are not discernible, in others, especially the $$ they can be distinguished by a very dense

yellow-grey incrassation. This is the main characteristic of var. senilis Bgff. from the alpine regions "around
Malatia.

p. 19, line 8 from top. Staudinger compares his var. antiochena (original types from Antioch in
Lederer s collection) with his arragonensis, which is very similar to the former, having similarly much
larger spots to forewings. As against arragonensis the forewings are less greeny glossy black and the apical
spot is not so widely axe-shaped outwardly, although it is equally large. The $$ of antiochena are rather
more heavily dusted with white or yellow-grey towards the outer margin of forewings than is the case in
arragonensis.

p. 19, line 2(> from top. Z. ignifera Korb. The only known localities of this fine Spanish Zygaena
are Albarracm and Cuenca. The 1st specimen was captured in the year 1887 near the mountain village of
Huelamo at Cuenca in New Castile by the brother of Mr. Max Korb. Not until July 1896 did Mr. and Mrs.
Korb obtain another specimen, as on their collecting expeditions of 1890 and 1893 in the same regions no
specimen was to be found. It would appear as if in some years this rare species does not occur at all. The
metamorphosis from egg to imago takes more than a year and in certain years special climatic conditions
may play a part. Qiierci captured ignifera near Cuenca in the years 1926 and 1928, whilst Faller obtained
it in 1930 at Albarracin, probably in the old localities. The specimens in my collection were all obtained at
the beginning of August.

p. 19, line 22 from top. Z. ecki Christ. (16 i, k). Club of antennae fairly heavy. Body, dorsum and
abdomen are black-blue, the latter in the $ with a dark red semicircular belt on upperside, which is absent
in .r. Femora black-blue, tibiae and tarsi impure buff. Fore wings with moderately rounded apex, steely
green, darker at margin and inclined to blue. Scaling not especially dense. Of the two brilliant red basal
spots (1 and 2), the upper one is narrow, lanciform, the lower one is wider of similar formation, both being
separated by the dark costal nervure. The central pair of spots (3 and 4) is small, both roundish, the lower
leing somewhat larger than the upper one. Spots 5 and 6 loosely conjoined. Usually the spots have a faint
yellowish circumscription, especially in the $, but sometimes these edges are absent. The margin is blue-
black the narrow fringes being brown. Hindwings brilliant red with narrow black margin, that only expands
s lghtly at inner margin and at apex. The original types were captured in July by Eck, the brother-in-law
oi Christoph at Shakuli in North Persia, at considerable altitudes. No other locality is mentioned in litera¬
ture. I have one $ that is said to have been captured ad Disful in Persia. As the invariably have a more
or ess distinct dark red abdominal belt that is always open on underside, the f. cingulata denominated by
41irschke has no justification. J

It may be presumed that ecki Christ, and haematina Kollar (p. 19) are in certain respects homonym-
ous, size form and spot markings indicate this. The and $ of ecki from Shakuh (<J from my collection,

+ irom the Zool. Museum of the Berlin University) are being illustrated here.

p. 19, line 22 from top. Z. cambysea Led. is described from a single $ captured in the neighbourhood
o Astrabad in N. Persia by Haberhaiter in the year 1867. Antennae with heavy thickset clubs. Body
black-blue. Forewings tlnnly scaled, bluish black, the spots pale minium red, 1, 2, 3 and 4 confluent form¬
ing a large combined spot, that however does not extend as far as the inner margin. The apical spot (5
anc 6) is generally widely separated from the central spot area. It is however large and roundish, extending
outwardly close to outer margin and towards the costa. The scapulae of the $ show traces of yellowish scaling
in contrast to those of which are blue-black. Besides in the $ there is a distinctly visible yellowish green
g oss on the costa almost to apex of wings and at inner angle of forewings contrasting with the bluish black
ground. Hindwings pale red with blue-black fringes. The red in the illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 7 i is not satis-

actory, but the formation of the spots is correct except that the apical spot is not sufficiently widely separ¬
ated from the other spot markings. J 1

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 2o9

The original types of subsp. rosacea Bomff. originate from Istissou, west of Erivan in Armenia. It
is very distinctly distinguishable from cambysea by the more brilliant, purer rose-red and the inclination in
nearly all specimens of spots 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the spot area to become confluent with the apical spot (5 and
6). Generally also rosacea is larger and more robust than cambysea. The confluence of the spots of forewmgs
is in some specimens so great that the spot area of the wings is completely rose-red. Specimens with a
similar arrangement of spots to those of cambysea are denominated pseudocambysea Reiss. In the $ the differ- P°*udoeam -
ences, as compared with the already mentioned under cambysea occur in a still more marked degree.

p. 19, line 24 from top. Z. armena Eversm. (= kadenii Led.) is described from the South of the Cau¬
casus and recognisably illustrated on pi. 7 c in Vol. 2. It always has a complete brilliant red abdominal belt
and can be recognised thereby. Romanoff says it is very frequent in June and July at Borjom, Achalzich
and Abbas-Tuman. I select the population at Abbas-Tuman as type race. In regions at high altitudes m
these territories it seems to form alpine populations of var. caucasica Rbl. ( Stgr . i. 1. p. 19).

VIII. Subgen. Peristygia Bgff.

p. 19, line 15 from below. Z. anthyllidis Bsd. (= erebus Meig.) is described from the neighbourhood
of Barege in the Pyrenees. The first indication of Boisduval as “S. Spain" is not confirmed.

p. 20, line 20 from below. Z. graslini Led. This Zygaena, that is probably closely related to the ihada-
manthus-oxytropis group, was first discovered (flying in April) by Franz Zach near Beirut in Syria. Wing
contour similar to that of rhadamanthus or oxytropis. The hairs of the body, especially in the are dense,
bristly and black. Legs and antennae similarly coloured. The latter especially in the $ are very heavy and
terminate as in rhadamanthus in a heavy blunt club. Forewings are dull steely blue or greenish black. The
usual markings consist of 3 pairs of brilliant vermilion spots, one over another and sharply outlined. rIhe
inner 2 pairs (1, 2 and 3, 4) narrowly divided by the inner marginal nervure of discal cell, the outer pair
(5, 6) however always attached. Spots 1 and 2 are the longest, both equally long and each double as long
as wide, spot 1 almost touches the costa. Of the central pair (3 and 4) spot 4 is larger than spot 3, it is
irregularly formed and situate obliquely outwardly. Of the outer pair (5 and 6) spot 5 is about the same shape
as 3 and 4, in size however it is about midway between them. Attached to same on the marginal side is
spot 6. Hindwings are cinnabar red with narrow black margin. On underside forewings are thinly scaled and
the red markings are nebulous and confluent. Hindwings have underside like upperside. Frequently spots
1 and 3 or the central pair become confluent, rarely however all spots are conjoined. In ab. confluens Dziurz.
spots 1 and 3, as well as 2 and 4 become confluent forming longitudinal streaks, occasionally also spot 5, 6
is conjoined with spots 3 and 4. This covers the original ab. confluens Dziuiz. from Beirut. In older to
avoid unnecessary denominations I include all possible forms of confluence under the designation ab. confluens .

As Lederer in his original description of the type race mentions that forms of confluence are not rare,
there is no justification to denominate any of the transition forms of ab. confluens Dziuiz.

In the 2nd half of June an easily distinguishable and uniform race occurs at Bjarre in the Lebanon:
var. pfeifferi Reiss (16 i). It is constantly smaller than the type race from Beirut. Forewings show nearly pfeifferi.
the same degree of heavy blue or green metallic gloss as for instance oxytropis from Genoa. Spots of forewings
and hindwings are never vermilion but always more of a pale carmine red. Antennae are approximately as
in the small oxytropis var. laterubra from Mt. Sirente in the Abruzzi. Those of $ with rather heavier clubs
than those of $. pfeifferi approaches laterubra in general appearance owing to the extensive reduction of the
spot markings. A faint confluence on the vein between spots 1 and 3 is of rare occurrence. Spots 3 and
4 are completely separated by the ground colour in abt. one quarter of the specimens before me. The
nebulous red between the paler spots on underside of forewings is generally reduced and the area between
spots 3 and 5 usually consists of a more or less distinct blue-black patch entirely devoid of red scales. A
cotype ex my collection is illustrated.

The var. kulzeri Reiss from Zebdani in the Antelebanon occurring in the 1st half of May at an alti- kulzeri.
tude of 1100 m has a charateristically short and wide wing contour, whilst the clavate antennae are heavy
and decidedly long. The scaling is not uniformly dense in all specimens, especially the $$ are often less
densely scaled than the type race of graslini. Such specimens that are more heavily scaled resemble in co¬
louration and formation of spots normal specimens of the type race of graslini from Beirut, but the ed especi¬
ally of hindwings is occasionally somewhat admixed with pale carmine. Forewings show a very dull blue ox
green gloss. The inclination of the spots of forewings towards confluence is decidedly less than is the case in
graslini from Beirut. A specimen before me captured on 31st March near Damascus has a ceitain resem-

260

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

rebeli.

confluens.

sexmacula-

ta.

blance to kulzeri. The populations from around Haifa and from Chan Hadrur between Jericho and Jeru-

c: itxxz on 24th March)' ot whioh 1 ^ — be

The denomination subsp. rebeli Reiss comprises the graslini populations from Dill Dill Dagh Yuk-
sek Dagh in the Amanus, from Hadjm in the Antetaurus and probably also those from Maras! if one
considers solely the mchnation to a reduction in the size of the clubs of the antennae, the larger shaLe

Z itlf rf AnriLtt ” *jarmi^®"rose. c°l°oration. The type race from Yiiksek Dagh was captured in the
L t half of April 193- and a rich series obtained. The specimens were probably captured at a relatively

low altitude, as can be Judged by the early date of capture and are with few exceptions larger and more
lobust than gmshm from Beirut The red is much less Vermillion and rather a carmine red or rose The

are TesL lmaLL ThT'"' 'T' °f th® fspe0Imens. specially however in the unusually large and robust $0,
. less heavy, l ie sizes of spots of forewings vary extraordinarily. About one half of the ,?,? before me

“ncLrSvVut les,?f? If ‘V C°nflUe"S <ZWz'> Reiss 01 fo™ distinct transitions to this aberration.
Concurrently but less frequently there are specimens with reduced spots on forewings and with widely separ¬
ated spots ,1 and 4 appearing through the dull glossy bluish or more rarely greenish ground colour One

thaf-LT T VT COmT‘ 7 fparat*d: ab' sexmaculata Beiss. - Lederer describes the larva

that lie found in February and March as being velvety black with glossy black head. The legs and collar

are yellow and there are 2 rows of pale rosy red warts, 2 in juxtaposition on each segment along8 the dorsum

p. 21, line 13 from top. Z. rhadamanthns Esp. The subsp. algarhiensis Christ, from Faro S Portugal
is based on specimens captured by Korb. It is larger and more robust and has heavier clubs to antennfe
bu . ,s otherwise comparable to dark harcina. Vrty. (p. 20). In the 5 especially the 6th spot of forewings is
rudimentary. Abdomen has a normal red belt which is especially pronounced in ?. I have unfortunately
,i a few specimens with somewhat more reddish hmdwmgs from Cebreros, Sierra de Gredos, mid-Spain. ‘

of which* /h Hne 13 fT t0P'.Z ■ Bsmuiutas Esp. The population of lavandulae from around Barcelona,
especially 3 mid 4 l0”g Se‘’leS’ 8 “WS ‘"any specimens a distinct reduction in the size of the spots,

1 I ' !ine "t; from below- Z. theryi Joannis I - nisseni Rothsch.). The types of Z thervi wore can
tured by Mr. A. Thery in the neighbourhood of Philippeville. V P'

confluens.

IX. Subgen. Coelestis Bgfj.

1. cuvier i Group.

p. 21, bne 16 from below. Z. cuvieri Bscl, The distribution of this species as regards Persia and
Transcaspia can no longer be maintained. I consider that cuvieri does not occur in X. Persia and Trans-

caspia, beside the manlia races and that manlia probably is in very close relationship to cuvieri Next to
manha we have Z. rubricollis Hmps. from Chitral. cuvieri. in ext to

of the type of cuvieri described by Boisduval, is probably Amadia (Boisduval stated

snots ,ri fnrpA °l mgi ' i ^fS(fPtlon and lustration of the type race from Amadia it has fairly distinct

the AntPt lfS a relatlVdy Wide blue'black margin to liindwings. A $ before me from Hadjin in

e Antetaurus has in comparison to the type race, considerably reduced spots on forewings, thus approach-

toSbindSP; hjT\! Bg ' fT 116 Leban°n- Like llowever the type race from Amadia it has a wider margin
, nidw mgs than any other population known to me. The ab. confluens Oberth. (p. 21) denotes specimens

lorn Mesopotamia, probably from the neighbourhood of Mardin. It refers to specimens in which the 3
twin spots of fore wings, which otherwise are divided by the ground colour, are more or less widely confluent
lengthwise never however along their entire breadth. In the specimen illustrated by Oberthur, the basal and
central spots are more thoroughly conjoined than the central and apical spots. The ab. confluens (Oberth)

STlrmxcERal gin 7 7 *h-t°taruh™ »ziurz- among the subsp. libani Bgff. (p. 21) in the Lebanon district.

occurring earlv ^ 7 “2 R“ Ochtchapert near Erivan and Kasikoparan as localities,

their wav int ' ' II ' r ^ f * ^ r°m tbe locabties around Envan 111 Armenia many specimens have found

does Tt s l ow ! ' 7k, i ,mfena ° 6Cted by K0BB- My series’ wbich also contains ab- confluens,

. not show a pronounced blue-black margin to liindwings, so that it varies in this respect from typical

fr°m Amadia- Jhe sPecimen illustrated in Vol. 2, pi. 6 h probably originated from around Erivan.

p. 22, line 7 from top. Z. manlia Led. was first described from Astrabad in N. Persia, where H4ber-
haler discovered it m 1867. The illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 6 h corresponds especially in regard to the spot

spXs 5Tnd 6 of fore ^ lM^ed. bJ Lederer. According to that figure and Lederer’s description
.-pots o and of forewmgs are not attached, but widely separated. The types were captured, according to

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

261

Lederer, at considerable altitudes. Wing contour like carniolica. Body blue-black. Collar and a narrow
complete abdominal belt pale carmoisin red. Club of antennae fairly heavy. Forewings with 6 pale carmoisin
red spots, shaped as in carniolica , the surrounds not being paler. The two spots at base (1 and 2) confluent,
extending to costa and inner margin, the two central spots (3 and 4) similarly confluent, the lower one
being larger and situate obliquely outward. Spot 5 is small, spot 6 shaped as in carniolica. Hindwings pale
carmoisin red with narrow blue-black margin which expands at apex and inner angle. — The subsp. cacuminum
Christ, (p. 22) captured on Thymus in July on the stoney plateau and high precipices near Shahkuh, has
according to Christoph a close resemblance to this manlia. The only differences are a decided reduction in
the spots and more pronounced hairiness. These characteristics may be caused by the higher altitude as
compared to that of manlia. The illustrations in Vol. 2, pi. 6 k show too bright a red, it should be a dull
rosy red. Head, thorax and abdomen are black with faint steely blue or green sheen. Legs black, the fore¬
legs glossy yellowish (almost golden) on inner side. Collar and narrow abdominal belt, that is complete on
underside, are rosy red. In <J the belt is absent on upperside. Forewings thinly scaled, bluish or greenish
black with 6 dull rosy red spots. Two (1 and 2) at base, the upper one of which extends to a point and
is triangular in shape, the lower one is larger and rounded off posteriorly. These two spots cover the some¬
what larger upper half of the wing, somewhat as in Z. lonicerae. Of the two small central spots (3 and 4),
the smaller upper one (3) is situate not far from costa, exactly in centre of wing, the lower larger spot (4)
is somewhat further posteriorly and incurved, slanting slightly obliquely inwardly. Spot 5 is xathei largei
than spot 4 and spot 6 is the largest of all and oval. Hindwings with blue-black margin as in manlia. There
is the possibility that manlia and cacuminum merge in one another at certain altitudes near Astrabad and
Shahkuh. So far I have not succeeded in ascertaining what the manlia, captured by Christoph near Ordubad
look like.

The subsp. turkmenica Reiss (= manlia Bang-Haas i. 1.) (16 i), the race from Jablonowka, Achal- turkmeni
Tekke occurring in July at around 2000 m altitude and differing from manlia and cacuminum by the generally
narrower and more pointed wings. Forewings have a faint bluish (in the greenish) metallic gloss, the red
being a somewhat brilliant carmine rose. The abdominal belt, that is complete on underside, is of the same
shade. Spot 6 is always fairly widely attached at its lower angle to spot 5 and sometimes also at upper
angle along the vein. Similar specimens were obtained at Askhabad and Arwas in Transcaspia. The type
ex my collection is illustrated (16 i) (as turkmena).

p. 23, line 25 from top. Z. lydia Stgr. (16 k) also belongs to the group of Zygaena that resemble cuvieri.

It is probably very close indeed to cuvieri, being captured according to StaHdinger at the same place and
time. Apart from the smaller and more dainty form, it only differs from cuvieri (for instance from Hadjin)
by the absence of the abdominal belt and the wider margin of the hindwings. The type race occurs mid May
near Malatia. The ground colour is a somewhat transparent, generally blue glossy black. The spots are car¬
mine rose to rosy red. The basal spot (1 and 2) extends as in cuvieri from costa to inner margin. The longish
central spot (3 and 4) gives the impression af a completely confluent twin spot. In one of the original types
of StaHdinger (?) the central spot is confluent with the basal spot, as often occurs in cuvieri. The outer
spot (5 and 6) is generally just as large or even larger than the central spot and irregularly oval. On under¬
side the spots are also present, although not so distinctly outlined. Hindwings are faintly transparent carmine
rose, somewhat as in cuvieri, but with margins like graslini, not heavier. The red collar is narrower than
in cuvieri. One could conjecture that lydia might have evolved as a species from an intermixing of cuvieri
and graslini. In Yol. 2, pi. 7 a the typical hydia from Malatia was no doubt illustrated, but the antennae, which
in build resemble those of cuvieri and are only more dainty, are not well executed and the red of the illus¬
trations is rather too bright. A $ and $ of the original types in the Staudinger collection are illustrated
(16 k).

Besides this somewhat larger type race from the neighbourhood of Malatia, StaHdinger mentions
in his description a series of similar specimens from Hadjin (captured end of May) which represent a distinct
mountain race and which I separate as subsp. hadjinensis Reiss (16 k). I am illustrating the <J type ex the hadjinen-
StaHdinger collection and the $ type ex my collection. According to 2 ex fhe Stax dinger collection
and my $ in conjunction with the particulars given by Staitdinger in the original description of lydia, hadji¬
nensis is distinguishable by its smaller form, shorter, thinner antennae having lighter clubs with somewhat
rounded tips and by the rudimentary red collar. Further there is a considerable reduction in the spots ol
forewings, so that especially in the the formation of the spots resembles graslini. Besides hadjinensis has
a much more densely haired thorax and abdomen. Ground colour with faint bluish gloss. The red of spots
of forewings and the hindwings is pale rose. The main distinguishing features from graslini are the rudiment¬
ary red collar and the fact that in spite of the reduction in the spots, the basal spot (1 and 2) regularly
stretches from costa to inner margin, whilst in graslini races it never extends to the inner margin.

262

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

2. tamara Group.

, I5',21’™?16 4?r bel°W' Z-tamara Christ Tlle original specimens of this very pretty Zygaena were

captured by Miss A. Kitbistec early m August presumably in 1888 and in large quantities of both sexes
near Ordubad Also the ab. daemon Christ, emanates from Ordubad. It would appear therefore that tamara
IS on y to be found m that locality. Head, antennae, thorax and abdomen are glossy blue-black the legs
are dusky in consequence of black scales on femora. Collar in the $ is pale orange-yellow, similarly’ occasion¬
ally also the scapulae. The 3 penultimate segments of abdomen are a brilliant bright red. The anal seg-
ment is black with short terminal hairs. The colour of forewings is steely glossy blue-black although through
the expansion of the 3 pale orange -yellow spots, this ground colour is only visible as narrow transverse bands
and partly as margin of the wings. The anterior basal spot (1 and 2) occupies the first third of the wing
m its entire breadth including costa and inner margin; the obtuse conical central spot (3 and 4) only allows
the black ground colour to appear through on both sides, thus creating narrow transverse bands The large
obtuse and irregularly triangular apical spot (5 and 6) no doubt created by the merging of two spots ends
almost as a nghtangle at apex of wing. Hmdwings of are usually unicolourous pale orange-yellow and
somewhat transparent, sometimes however showing a trace of pale red. In the ? the predominant shade
is a pale light red in which frequently longitudinal yellow streaks are visible. On underside the yellow of
the spots is somewhat paler and the two anterior spots more or less merge.

. dJLC d?lgnatl0n alj' rubra Rbl. (not Stgr.-Rbl.) can only refer to $$ with pale red hindwings The

5 ^ fr0“ °“> ** dark^ground colour dLncty

p. 21 line 2 from below. Z. placida 0. B.-H. is well illustrated on pi. 2 h of Suppl. Vol. 2 but un¬
fortunately the vermilion red scapulae, which appear in both sexes, are not visible. In its great resemblance
to tamara one might consider same to be a subspecies thereof. In Suppl. Vol. 2 on p. 22, line 4 from ton the

Wn f °nl5 )ef0re T>°llld,!)e deleted‘ The le§s of 'idacida are yellowish red. Like tamara it occurs in

August and was sent to Bang-Ha as together with cuvieri Bsd. which was flying in the same locality.

p. 22, line 6 from top. Z. escalerai Pouf. 3 male specimens were captured by Escalera in Julv 1899
on e upper course of the Karan in the Chindaar valley in Persia. The arrangement of the orange coloured
spots of forewing is similar to that of tamara and placida. In other respects escalerai also fairly strongly resembles
these two Zygaena apart from its more delicate build and somewhat reduced spot markings ' Head and

legs^^elknvisli aCklSh ’ palpi’ collar and scaPulae are minium red. Anal clasps are laterally black and

sliwenensis

3. sedi Group.

p. 23, line 18 from below. Z. sedi F. (= sedi Freyer), type race from Sarepta. The $ with whitish
cohar winch is sometimes barely indicated. The fairly widely confluent spots of forewings are notable In

° f iej RC ff, Iy’.mihe1 ? m°St dlstmctly encircled by yellowish white. I have specimens of a popul-
ation from Bogdobergm the lower right bank of the Volga, halfway between Zaryzin and Astrachan, which
is almost identical with the type race. — The var. sliwenensis Reiss (= fraxini Haberhauer i. 1., sedi Bgff )
from Sliwen (Slivno) m Bulgaria in comparison with sedi, shows a reduction in the spots whilst the yellowish
v li e circumscriptions of the spots are wider in both sexes. Z. sedi and sliwenensis have a third basal spot

3 audW4 ?T v to™rdS the inner ^ In the <? of sli™ nensis the much reduced spots

Sad 4 are only attached by their yellowish white surrounds. In the $ the spots of forewings, as compared

are also redaced, but not to the same degree as in the The confluent spots at base (1 and 2),
a so ic middle spots (3 and 4) and the apical spots (5 and 6) appear to be separated from one another bv
their ^ heavy yellowish circumscriptions. Sometimes also spots 3 and 4 are daintily separated from one another
> the interspersion of yellow scales m the ?. — Staitdinger mentions that sedi was captured by Kinder -

thV 7°^at, annd by Lederer on the Boz-Dagh in Asia Minor. It is unfortunately impossible to check

this owing to lack of opportunity. It should be mentioned that in several collections there are specimens of
s di with the locality label •Armenia , which according to the particulars given by Bitrgeff and also according
to the material at my disposal, do not differ from sliwenensis. These may have been captured by H-vber"
hai er m Bulgaria and because they were classified as fraxini, they may have been simply labelled “Armenia”
t 11 subsequent species in the Caucasus, allows one to assume that the sedi group may

dmbtf I1 lb e5- S°1 1 °f t ie Caucasus and l°in UP Biere with the fraxini group. This is however very
doubtful, as according to a specimen m the Staudinger collection fraxini occurs at Manglis in Georgia and the

on y possi n \y w ou d seem to be that the two groups mingle in Transcaucasia. The presence of the basal
spot - a on forewmgs in the specimens before me that are labelled “Armenia” entirely precludes their be-
ongmg to the fraxini group and clearly characterises them as belonging to the sedi group. I have further

I \ , 1 Merv 111 Turcomama, Tancre, which scarcely vary from my south russian sedi. I add this

doubtful locality to encourage further investigations.

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

263

Z. nobilis Reiss. (= armena car. Rom. ‘I) (16 1) was discovered in 1914 near Oni (N. E. Kutai) in the nobilis.
Caucasus. I presume that nobilis is related to sedi, but its classification as a subspecies will only come into
question, when intermediary forms are found. The striking blue (more rarely green) gloss of the ground
colour in both sexes is common to nobilis and sedi. The brilliant carmine red of the spots and hindwings,
which in nobilis is even a shade more brilliant, the 3rd basal spot (2 a) towards the inner margin of fore¬
wings, the narrow margin of hindwings and the confluence of the spots on underside despite their considerable
reduction as compared with sedi, are all common to both. The whitish collar is distinct in $, sometimes
even there is a double collar. Thorax and abdomen are black both in sedi and nobilis, having a faint bluish
sheen. The antennae have rather heavier clubs than those of sedi. The sexes, which do not vary much in
themselves, vary in the arrangement and size of the spots. I refer in this respect to the illustrations of the
types of and $ from my collection. In the $ only spot 4 is completely narrowly circumscribed by yellowish
white. Spot 3 is more or less rudimentary and more narrowly edged than spot 4, spot 2 has an outward narrow
edge, the twin spot (6, 6) generally shows at spot 5 and below spot 6 traces of a circumscription, spots 1
and 2 a have no' surround at all. In one of the series of types, spots 5 and 6 which are otherwise confluent,
are almost separated; two have on the upperside of abdomen in the usual situation a very narrow, scarcely
discernible red belt.

In the $ spots 1 and 2 outwardly are edged by yellow, spots 3 and 4 are conjoined with one another
by yellow circumscriptions. Both more widely so than in the $ and the apical spot (5, 6) is completely
surrounded by yellowish. Spot 2 a is separated by the yellow surround of the confluent spots 1 and 2. In
comparison to nobilis <$, sliwenensis shows a greater reduction in the spots and narrower edges to same.

Spots 3 and 4 in nobilis are always separated by the ground colour whilst in sliwenensis the yellow cir¬
cumscriptions merge. The nobilis which are exceedingly constant cannot be mistaken for sliwenensis $2
which have only slightly reduced spot markings as compared to sedi $$ and with which in general they are
very similar.

4. fraxini Group.

p. 22, line 10 from top. Z. fraxini Menetr. The types (2 SB) originate from around Lenkoran on
the Caspian sea. The second area indicated “Persia” really referred to those territories of Transcaucasia, which
at the time of the description belonged to Persia. The present day Persia was not intended. The author
compares the species to Z. olivieri Bsd. As differentiating characteristics he mentions the steely blue ground
colour of forewings, the absence of the red collar and the red abdominal belt. Thorax and abdomen are a
nice glossy black. The two central spots (3 and 4) are completely encircled by yellowish white, the double
apical spot (5 and 6) however is only edged in this way on its inner side. Menetries described the 9 as if
it were a separate species from fraxini. It differs from scovitzii S and the $ specimen happened to have a
carmine red abdominal belt on one segment that was indistinct on dorsum, but distinct ventrally. This
scovitzii Men. (= scovitzii Lederer ) did not emanate from Ferghana, as has hitherto been erroneously presu¬
med, but the $ type was also captured in the neighbourhood of Lenkoran. In regard to the second specimen
mentioned in the original description as from Persia, refer to what was mentioned above under fraxini. The
denomination scovitzii Men. can only be utilised for $$ of fraxini that have distinct red abdominal belts.

It is assumed that the usual fraxini $ is without a red abdominal belt, but that is has a white collar and
rather heavy yellowish white circumscriptions to the spots of forewings. Hindwings in both sexes have bluish
black margins which are most pronounced at apex and inner angle.

Should the race of fraxini from Elisabethpol and Helenendorf prove to be different from the type
race from Lenkoran, which I think likely, then it must be denominated var. oribasus H.-Schdff. The follow- oribasus.
ing are to be enumerated as synonyms: car neolica Frey er n. praeocc., rognada Bsd., fraxini H.-Schdff ., oribasus
Freyer, fraxini Seitz (Vol. 2, pi. 7 e). The var. oribasus H.-Schdff. is a transitionary race to var. perdita
Stgr. Specimens occur with spots 5 and 6 separated in S, other specimens have been found with very wide
yellowish white circumscriptions to the spots and wider margins to hindwings. In this race $$ with red ab¬
dominal belts, ab. scovitzii {Men.) Stgr. are not rare. Transitions are fairly frequent. The denomination scovitzii.
cingulata Shelf, is a synonym. — The ab. confluens Shelf, mentioned on p. 22, line 12 from top, belongs to
merzbacheri Reiss not to fraxini.

p. 22, line 12 from top. The var. perdita Stgr. (16 1) originates from around Nucha in the southern
Caucasus and was discovered by Christoph. In this form the apical spot 5 and 6 dissolves into two separated
spots, in the <$ spot 6 is fairly often quite absent, so that a five-spotted Zygaena is evolved. The whitish
surrounds to the spots of forewing are much enlarged at the expense of the carmine rose spots which are
thus reduced in size. The blue-black margin to hindwings is en widened There is occasionally a blue-black
patch like a streak projecting from base towards the rather considerably enlarged bulge (dentation) of the
margin of hindwings at inner angle. The have a faint whitish grey collar. The <2 type ex Staitdihger’s
collection is illustrated.

264

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

The fraxini population from the neighbourhood of Manglis, west of Tiflis, according to a $ before
me ex the collection of Staudinger, has distinctly separated spots 5 and 6 of forewings, margins of hind-
wings are decidedly narrower. Romanoff also mentions, as localities for Z. fraxini: Borjom, S. E. of Kutai,
Kasikoparan in Armenia (of these 1 specimen is ab. scovitzii) and Derbent, N. W. Baku on the coast. I
have not been able to obtain definite confirmation of these localities.

5. sogdiana Group.

sogcliana. Z. sogdiana Ersch. (= scovitzii Rbl.). I lie races of sogdiana differ in the main from the previous

two groups by the red collar and red abdominal belt in both sexes, otherwise they have great similarity with
the fraxini group. The occurrence of the red collar forces me to separate sogdiana from fraxini, for this is an
analogous case to carniolica and fausta, which are also separated.

The types of sogdiana were captured end of May near the town of Tashkent. Antennae, head and body
are black with deep red collar and fairly wide abdominal belt of the same shade. Ground colour of forewings
is black with scarcely discernible green sheen, with six deep red spots, which are or more less surrounded with
yellowish white and are situate about as in fraxini-, hindwings are deep crimson red with wide black mar¬
gins. On underside colouration and marking is as on upperside, only the spots of forewing have scarcely any
yellowish white surround. A $ from Tashkent, sent to me by Sheljitzhko, has additionally reddish scapulae
and also that part of the head between the eyes is distinctly red. The abdominal belt in this specimen is
laterally enwidenecl, covering 4 segments. Fringes are bluish black and this specimen therefore cannot at
present be held to belong to the erschoffi group. This $ and a $ of sogdiana from Tashkent, also from the
collection of Sheljuzhko, are being illustrated (16 1).

Specimens labelled “Tura as locality, differ from the type race. Bltrgeff also mentions these trans-
caspian specimens having normal spot markings, which are inclined to be carmine red and an abdominal
belt covering one or two segments. Further there seems a tendency to the formation of a transverse band
on hindwings, the black margin bulging widely upwards, almost forming a streak towards the centre of the
wmg from about the middle of the lower margin. From the costa of the hindwings some appressed black
scales generally project towards this streak. Without however having exact particulars as to locality, these
transcaspian specimens lose in value and are difficult to classify. Meanwhile they can be placed with the
subsequent race ( margelanensis ) until the racial charateristics can be ascertained from a sufficiently uniform
and numeious quantity of specimens. It seems to me as if in the higher altitudes of the mountains of
Transcaspia, populations may occur like separata Stgr., and that the specimens so far submitted to me
originate from the lower altitudes. For instance I was able to discern separata characteristics in a $ sent
to me from the mountains around Samarkand.

Around Margelan (type race) and Namangan, at lower altitudes near Osh in Ferghana, a race occurs:

margela- subsp. margelanensis Reiss (= sogdiana Stgr.) of which Staudinger already had a large number. It always
has a double, attached carmine-rose apical spot (5 and 6) on forewings, which is generally almost completely
and widely encircled by yellowish white. Also spots 1 and 2 are edged outwardly with yellowish white,
whilst 3 and 4 are boldly encircled. Abdomen has a carmine-red belt, generally covering 2 segments. The
specimens that were used for illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 7 e and denoted scovitzii, probably originated from
Margelan or Osh and belong to this race.

p. 22, line 21 from top. The subsp. separata Stgr. seems to only occur in fairly high altitudes, for
instance at Usgent (type race) and Goultsha, further at higher altitudes around Osh and in the Alexander
mountains. In these the apical spot (5 and 6) is generally separated into 2 single spots, of which the upper
(5) is the larger and roundish, whilst the outer and lower (6) is elongate and sometimes quite rudimentary.
Further separata has a much wider black margin to hindwings, which expands in its centre inwardly in a
black dentation. The ab. ornata Bgff. (p. 22, 16 1) described from a specimen from Turkestan, occurring among
separata is not rare and Staudinger had already observed same without giving a special denomination. I
am illustrating one of the original separata specimens ex the Staudinger collection and which shows at
the same time the characteristics of ornata Bgff. (16 1). A further distinguishing feature of separata is the
inclination towards the suppression of the red abdominal belt. In some specimens it is quite absent, in others
it is only rudimentary, but always only faintly present. On the other hand the red collar becomes more
or less reddish white. I assume that the original specimens of ab. alba Dziurz. and ab. confluens Dziurz.
(p. 22, line 15 from top), which aberrations Staudinger had mentioned in his description of separata, without
giving denominations, were also captured in the Alexander mountains. Dziurzynski does not seem certain
himself, whence the types originate, he illustrated as ab. alba a specimen that shows a combination of ab.
alba and ab. confluens. In ab. alba the yellowish whitp circumscription of the spots of forewing are expanded
to such an extent that it forms the predominant colour; in fact the entire inner surface is white and in same
are situate the red spots, whilst the black ground colour is so suppressed that it is only visible at margin

Publ. 22. XI. 1933.

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

265

of wings. I consider that all specimens of the separata populations having the spots of forewing more or
less longitudinally confluent should be grouped under ab. confluens Dziurz. In my opinion the denomination
nigra Dziurz. (p. 22), the original types of which came from the Alexander mountains, is superfluous, as these
are distinctly specimens with characteristics of the separata races.

p. 22, line 7 from below. The var. kohistana Gr.-Grsh., which was mentioned under kavrigini on p. 22,
is probably only a separata race from the Hissar mountains. Groum- Grshimailo describes it as a race of
Z. erschoffi Stgr., but it cannot belong there, as erschoffi shows no tendency towards a reduction in the size
of the spots of forewings and even at high altitudes it always has a complete red abdominal belt. Also the
absence of yellow fringes indicates a lack of affinity with erschoffi. I presume that what was illustrated in
Vol. 2, pi. 7 f and described on p. 28 as erschoffi Seitz, is actually kohistana or is closely allied to this separata
race. This assumption seems to be confirmed by similar specimens in the Zoological Museum of the Uni¬
versity of Berlin, labelled kohistana with locality Sarafshan, 2500 m, 12 July and captured by E. Funke.
Seitz did not have the genuine erschoffi before him. The hindwings of kohistana have narrower margins than
separata Stgr., margelanensis Reiss and altissima Bgff. (p. 22) which should be classified here as a further race.
I have specimens before me that are very like altissima both in size and otherwise and which come from
Vvssokoje, Prov. Syr-Daja, captured in the 2nd half of June.

Z. magiana Stgr. (p. 31, line 18 from below) should certainly be placed heie and not under Subgen.
Agrumenia Hbn., as it has much more affinity to the sogdiana group. According to particulars supplied by
Groum- Grshimailo, the type race was discovered by Haberhauer Jr. near Maguian, high up in the moun¬
tains in the Province of Samarkand. Forewings have almost the same soft grey-black as exulans with 5
small rose spots, that are always circumscribed by white and completely separated from one another. Gen¬
erally there is a sixth elongated pale red apical spot with white surround. This latter is often rudiment¬
ary and never so pronounced or distinct, as for instance in carniolica. Sometimes it is almost extinct, being
merely hazy white; rarely it conjoins with spot 5 forming an axe-shaped mark as in sogdiana. The other
two elongate basal spots (1 and 2) are always dissected by the subcostalis. The upper one is narrower and
shorter than the lower spot. Of the central spots (3 and 4), spot 3 is always the smaller and sometimes it
is minute. Both are always with wider white surrounds than the other spots, spot 4 is sometimes almost
entirely white with a red pupil. Spot 5 is oval, sometimes almost reniform and always widely separated from
spots 3 and 4. On underside the spots are similarly formed to those of upperside. In the 5-spotted speci¬
mens there are generally a few whitish scales near outer margin on underside of forewing indicating a 6th spot.
Hindwings are rose with a narrow pale grey-black margin, which is rather bolder at apex and inner margin.
Head, thorax and abdomen are black, the hairs are rather coarse. One of the $ types of Staudinger has
a few reddish hairs admixed laterally on prothorax and a few further such hairs in the posterior part of
4th abdominal segment. The legs are pale impure buff on under (inner) side.

Groum- Grshimailo described the hissariensis (p. 31) from a few specimens, a year later than Stau-
dinger, probably in ignorance of the description of magiana by Staitdinger. According to the description
the var. hissariensis, which was captured in the neighbourhood of Kizil-Gazy, below the summit of Liagar
Mourda at a great altitude, has, in comparison with magiana, generally only 5 pale red spots with white
surrounds; spot 6 is rarely discernible and never has a white surround. It appears unlikely that the specimen
illustrated in Vol. 2, pi. 7 b as hissariensis was one of the original types of Groum- Grshimailo and therefore
a typical hissariensis. To check whether hissariensis is actually different from magiana, will only be possible,
when sufficient fresh material has been collected to enable a proper comparison.

6. erschoffi Group.

p. 22, line 25 from below. Z. erschoffi Stgr. (16 1, m). The genuine erschoffi was neither before Seitz
nor before me when I dealt with same in the Supplementary Volume. Now I have in front of me the types
from the Staudinger collection and can give the necessary particulars. Staudinger compares erschoffi with
olivieri, presumably from the Caucasus. It occurs simultaneously with sogdiana near Usgent (the type race),
Osh, Margelan, but whether on precisely the same localities is not definitely certain. The blue-black fore¬
wings have 4 spots, which have yellowish surrounds. The large basal spot (1 and 2) does not extend cjuite
to the inner margin, which is therefore narrowly black. The central spots (3 and 4) conjoin through their yellow
surrounds. Frequently however they are entirely separated by a strip of the blue-black ground coloui. The
apical spot (5 and 6) is deeply excised at lower end; it appears to consist of 2 contingent spots, although
in their upper area they are widely merged together. The spot thus resembles that of sogdiana . Fiinges aie
distinctly yellowish, whilst in sogdiana they are black. On underside the spots stand out clearly fiom the jet
black ground colour. The red of the spots and hindwings is heavily admixed with yellow (brick-red) and
cpiite different from the carmine of margelanensis and separata. Hindwings are more narrowly margined by
blackish and the dentate projection in centre of margin is smaller than in margelanensis. Collar is brick-red,
frequently only faintly present and sometimes admixed with grey in the $. The scapulae in the 2 aie more
or less grey outwardly. The blue-black abdomen has a constant brick-red belt on one segment in the usual

Supplementary Volume 2 ^

266

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

situation Sometimes m the $ the red extends dorsally over to a second segment. According to Staudhtoer
Z. erschoffi also occurs m the Alexander mountains and I have had a $ with a label from this locality
submitted to me. Z. erschoffi is on the wing mid July. It is a mountain insect, as is indicated by the late
season when it emerges. I am illustrating the $ and $ types from Usgent ex the Staudinger collection
~ I cannot subscribe to Staudinger's opinion that the specimens described by Erschoff as olivieri var
tashkenten- are identical with erschoffi. As I am convinced of this I have introduced the denomination subsp. tashken-
tensis Reiss ( — olivieri var. Ersch.). The specimens were captured already at the end of May at Tashkent
and m the Sarafshan valley between Jori and Dashty-Kazy. My opinion is that this is the lowland race of
Z. erschoffi, which varies by the somewhat larger form, more brilliant colouration, somewhat enlarged spots
more apparent red collar and more extensive red admixture on scapulae. The abdominal belt, according
to the description, is wider than in olivieri from Achalzich and therefore coveiing at least 3 segments. In the
illustration of Erschoff the pale fringes are distinctly represented.

SIS.

merzbache- C. merzbacheri Reiss (16 m) is doubtless most closely related to erschoffi. It occurs in the Tien-

• slian (Naryn territory) and according to 2 specimens (<?$) in the Zoological Museum of the University of
Berlin, also m the eastern Altai. I take the mountains around Narynsk as the habitat of the type race. It
appears to be very frequent in its localities. Merzbacher discovered this Zygaena in July 1908 and brought
back a number from his expedition. Ground colour is black with scarcely perceptible bluish, sometimes greenish
sheen. I he red is more fiery than that of margelanensis and separata, but not so yellowish as in erschoffi.
Basal spot (1 and 2) of forewings in comparison with that of sogcliana and its races, is more or less in¬
creasingly white (generally in the 9$) or red towards the inner margin, however the inner margin itself
remains narrowly black. The small spot 3 of forewings and the usually much larger spot 4 are situate as
in erschoffi. They are generally close together and usually conjoined by a merging of their faint whitish sur¬
rounds. Occasionally these 2 spots are slightly separated in the <J. Specimens also occur in which the red
ol spots 3 and 4 is confluent and this dual spot is circumscribed as a whole by whitish. Spot 5 is generallv
as widely surrounded by white as 3 and 4, whilst spot 6 which is always appended at its upper end to spot
o, is generally without whitish surround; only in a few specimens, mostly 99, there are traces of whitish.
Jne V specimen before me has wider whitish edges to spots of fore wings than any other specimen. Hind-
w mgs have only a very faint bluish black margination, in some specimens it is quite absent. Generallv the
margins of hmdwmgs are scarcely as marked as in erschoffi and much narrower than in kohistana and altissima.

unges m all specimens are blackish, those of forewings sometimes have a palish sheen. The brilliant red
belt encircles the abdomen completely on one segment. The red collar is bolder in the 9 than in the 0A in
" llc 1 as in tlie sogcliana mountain races, occasionally merely traces of same are visible. Underside of
both wings, as the upperside, only colouration is fainter. Antennae about like those of erschoffi, the 9 gener-
dealbaia. ally has less robust antennae than the The 9 type ex my collection is illustrated. — ab. dealbata^Rehss
denominates a $ ex my collection from the type series, that has no whitish surround to the spots. — ab.
confluens. confluens Shelj. (= rubescens Bgff.) (p. 22) is described from a $ that was captured on 25th June in the Naryn
region. The specimen is not a transition to rubescens Bgff., but is completely identical with same. Z. merz-
bachen is a pronouncedly mountainous species, as are sogdiana-separata. In 10 specimens in the collection
ol Uaniel, Munich, the altitude of capture is stated as 2200 m. The specimens from the Altai have slightly
wider margins to hmdwmgs and the 9 has whitish scapulae.

p. 22, line 23 from below. Z. truchmena Ev. This species is best classified here. Antennae vertex
and thorax are glossy steely blue; the head below the antennae, collar and abdomen are scarlet red ventrallv
the colour is grey-black. Forewings are glossy steely blue. Basal spot of forewings (1 and 2) is rounded out¬
wardly and edged with white, spots 3 and 4 are contingent in the type race from the southern Kirgisen

steppes and are white, sometimes however with a larger or smaller red centre. Spots 5 and 6 are appended as in

erschoffi. Spot 5 is white with red centre, spot 6 generally completely red. A dividing line between spots
3 and 4 as well as spots 5 and 6 is not especially rare. The somewhat paler red hindwings, which are hyaline
m the disc with red scaled veins, have a narrow blue-black margin and similar fringes.

7. olivieri Group.

p^ 23, line 27 from top. Z. olivieri Bsd. (I6111). The type race originates from Syria, whence the
botanist Labillardiere had first brought back specimens over 100 years ago. I assume that the type race
occurs m the immediate neighbourhood of Beirut, as the specimens from there correspond most exactly to
the description and illustration of Boisduval. The denomination cremonae ( Stgr . i. 1.) Seitz is synonymous
with olivieri Bsd. The wide margins of hindwings of the type race are striking in comparison to all other
species and races of this group. As cremonae was given with rather too yellowish a colouring on pi. 7 a
m Vol. 2 I am now illustrating a £ of the typical olivieri from the Zoological Museum of the University of
Berlin. Ground colour is blue-black with 3 brilliant spots. The 1st spot (1 and 2) occupies the entire base from

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

267

costa to inner margin and has a vary narrow outward whitish yellow edge. The 2nd spot (3 and 4) seems
to be an amalgamation of the two spots, spot 3 being the smaller and generally whitish with very narrow
whitish yellow surround. The 3rd spot (5 and 6) is irregular and axe-shaped and only towards the base has
a faintly yellowish white edge. However especially in the $ the circumscriptions of the spots of forewing
can be rather more heavy than in the Hindwings are a brilliant red with relatively wide blue-black mar¬
gins. Fringes of forewings are yellowish, those of hindwings blue-black. Head, palpi and scapulae are blue-
black, collar and abdominal belt, which is scarcely visible ventrally, are a brilliant red. Here subsp. libani-
cola Bgff. (p. 23) is classified. It is a mountain race with rather heavier margins to hindwings.

The subsp. laetifica H.-Schdff. (16 m) originates according to a d' in my collection, captured by Funke,
from Mesopotamia. I hold the locality of the type race to be around Mardin at the northern extremity of
the great mesopotamian plains. Herrick- Schaffer did not indicate the origin when giving his description.

I only dare to differ from Staudinger in regard to laetifica, as the $ in my collection, as well as the descrip¬
tion and illustration of Herrich- Schaffer, indicate same to be the genuine laetifica, in fact this is perhaps
the original specimen that was before Herrich- Schaffer when he made his description. Ground colour is
bluish black. The red is somewhat paler and the antennae less robust than in olivieri. Collar, inner edge of
scapulae and abdomen, except for the blue-black anal tip, are red. All margins of fore wings are blue-
black. Spots of forewings, especially 3 and 4, which are only attached by their yellowish surrounds, are re¬
duced in size. Spots 1 and 2 are completely conjoined, equally long with yellowish edge towards the base
in middle cell. Spot 3 is cordiform, point towards the base; spot 4 is almost quadrate, excurved towards
base, both with yellowish surrounds. Spots 5 and 6 are quite conjoined, spot 5 is situate nearer the costa,
an irregular square, spot 6 is nearer the anal angle and is vertically oblong. Legs are blue-black, tibiae
outwardly yellow-grey. The red abdominal belt covers 5 segments on upperside, 3 on underside.

According to Herrich- Schaffer, who again gives no details of the original locality, Z. ganymedes,
which I enumerate as a subspecies of olivieri, only differs from laetifica by the following characteristics:

Scapulae are red, only yellowish at outer edge, spots of forewings much larger, forewings less pointed. The
conjoined spots 1 and 2 extend to costal and inner margins, spots 3 and 4 are also conjoined, spot 4 fairly
regularly quadrate, spot 3 extends to costa and is conjoined there to spot 1. Spots 5 and 6 as in laetifica
but larger, spot 5 generally contingent at its lower inner angle with spot 4. In the only the 1st abdominal
segment is black, in the $ the 1st and last. This diagnosis of Herrich- Schaffer and his illustrations corres¬
pond best to specimens from Zeitun submitted to me by the Zoological Museum of the University of Berlin
and accepted by me as being typical ganymedes H .-Schdff. To complete the diagnosis the following particulars
are given: Red with quite an admixture of cinnabar. Fringes of forewings yellowish, those of hindwings
bluish black as the ground colour. Spots of forewings more or less confluent on underside. Ventrally the
abdominal belt is not wider than in laetifica. Width of abdominal belt is not uniform; $ with wider belt.

Under ganymedes all specimens captured in the Taurus and around Hadjin should be classified. rl herefore
hebe Seitz from Hadjin is synonymous with ganymedes H. -Scluiff. The illustrations of laetifica Seitz and
hebe Seitz in Vol. 2, pi. 7 g and h represent ganymedes H.-Schdff. It is necessary to correct here an obvious
mistake of Staudinger, who held specimens from Amasia and Tokat to be ganymedes. H.-Schdff. The varia¬
bility of ganymedes from Zeitun must still be investigated. The subsp. ganymedes H.-Schdff. embraces generally
speaking also the specimens mentioned by Staudinger from Armenia, chiefly from Kasikoparan. Also in these
armenian specimens, which do not vary materially in size, colouration and formation of markings from gany¬
medes from Zeitun, an increased measure of red occasionally occurs on abdomen. Further in this race the
red of collar and scapulae of the is often reduced, becoming whitish red. the latter sometimes being coloured
bluish black. Circumscription of spots, as in ganymedes, narrowly yellowish, sometimes whitish, margins of
hindwings equally narrow, often quite absent. Legs almost whitish yellow, ab. confluens Dziurz. belongs,
in my opinion, to this race. It has all spots more or less closely and widely confluent and has a red ab¬
domen. Romanoff mentions besides Kasikoparan, a further locality as Bechinag (on the road between Nakhit-
chevan and Istissou).

The armenian specimens mentioned above form a transition to subsp. dsidsilia Freyer, the type race dsidsilia.
of which emanates from Elisabethpol and Helenendorf in Transcaucasia and broadly speaking as a subspecies
from Achalzich, Borjom. In the the red collar and scapulae are absent or the red colouration is much
suppressed and replaced by whitish. In the $ collar and scapulae are still red, although in the latter the red
colouration is reduced and often the red, also of the collar, is intermixed with whitish. The red is some¬
what paler, not so fiery and with less yellow admixture. Spots reduced in size, 3 and 4 are only narrowly
conjoined through the yellowish surrounds. Margins of hindwings scarcely heavier than in ganymedes. The
red abdominal belt covers 2 segments. On underside of forewings, in the spot area and also towards the inner
margin there is more of a silky yellowish sheen than in ganymedes, the red spots, especially in the $ seem
to more or less merge with one another. The illustrations in Vol. 2, pi. 7 h ( olivieri ) represent dsidsilia Freyer

268

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

tricolor, from Transcaucasia. The specimens illustrated probably were captured at Achalzich. — ab. tricolor Reiss
(16 m) from Helenendorf, the $ type of which ex the Staudinger Collection is illustrated here, shows on
forewings the yellow blotches in the red and a general confluence of the spot area, edged by yellowish and
with an equally narrow margin of blue-black ground colour at apex, outer and inner margins. Collar is
faintly whitish, scapulae bluish black and there is a red abdominal belt on 2 segments. On underside of fore¬
wings the entire spot area is red.

/enema. ^ C. freyeriana Reiss (= ganimedes Freyer n. praeocc ganymedes Stgr., ganymedes Seitz, Vol. 2, p. 28).

Type race from Amasia in Asia Minor. The illustration given by Freyer is well recognisable. Freyer com¬
pares same with fausta from Augsburg, both being of the same size. The most striking difference as com¬
pared with ganymedes If. -S chaff, is the grey-white colour of upperside of antennae *). All specimens before me
from Amasia are small, scarcely larger than the central german fausta with pointed narrow wings. The red
is rather paler, especially that of the hindwings which is not so much admixed with cinnabar as in gany¬
medes H.-Schdff. from Zeitun. The double collar and scapulae are a nice carmine red. Scapulae generally
with yellowish white tips. Abdomen usually pale carmine red with somewhat vermilion admixture right
to the tip. Sometimes the usual 3 segments of abdomen are red and the other segments only faintly scaled
with red doisally, occasionally also the anal tip is bluish black. In one ^ before me even the thorax has
red scales. In well preserved specimens the head is more or less red between the eyes. The spots of fore¬
wings, which are situate as in ganymedes and adapted to the small size of the wings, have fairly bold yellowish
white surrounds. Fringes of forewings are yellowish, on hindwings they are darker with faint yellow sheen.
The latter have narrow dark margins. On underside colouration is paler, the spots are clearly discernible, the
blackish ground colour in the spot area is frequently replaced by more or less yellowish, sometimes even red¬
dish yellow scales. Legs are yellow. The illustration of ganymedes Seitz in Vol. 2, pi. 7 h represents a specimen
that cannot be definitely identified as being actually from the Amasia locality, as the size, contour of wings,
arrangement and margination of spots are not quite typical. Staudinger captured freyeriana at the end
of June in Kerasdere and in July on the Caraman, where it was obtained up to well into August. The spe¬
cimens from the Caraman vary fairly considerably according to the particulars supplied by Staudinger,
especially in regard to the white circumscriptions of the red spots and the white dusting on the antennae.
Also the abdomen, the upperside of which is almost always completely red, is sometimes black on upper-
side of the anterior segments, having only a red abdominal belt posteriorly on underside. Lederer mentions
Tokat, besides Amasia, as locality. — Dziurzynski mentions in regard to ab. algarvensis that the locality
was Algarve, later on he mentions Amasia. Further this aberration was first described as algarviensis with
diffusing white circumscriptions to spots of forewings, then as algarvensis with white forewing spots. The
type was not procurable. — The ab. confluens Dziurz. with more or less confluent spots to forewings is described
from Amasia. Zach discovered small larvae early in June, while Staudinger obtained full grown larvae
and cocoons at the end of June. The larva is described by Staudinger as being yellow-green with black head
and two lateral black spots, the one behind the other on upper side and anterior part of each segment. In
the joints there are dull dark transverse lines. The elongated cocoons are smooth, yellow and sometimes white.

Vol. 2, p. 26 Z. haberhaueri Led., is typical of the mountains of Hakynda, N. E. of Ordubad in Trans¬
caucasia, further according to Romanoff it occurs at Hadji-Kherib, around Goktschasees (Sewanga), N. E. of
Erivan, whilst Oberthur mentions Berud-Dagh in the Taurus. It is apparently a widely distributed moun¬
tain insect. The illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 6 i is a good representation in regard to size and formation of spots,
but the ground colour of the type race is very dull bluish black with glossy sheen and the red is a much
less vivid pale carmine red. The antennae, especially of the $ are heavily clavate and these are not well
depicted in the illustration, the head also is too broad. — Z. haberhaueri is the most widely distributed
representative of the olivieri group having wide somewhat truncate wings. The basal spot of forewings (1
and 2) does not touch the inner margin along its entire length, there is an additional spot 2 a, as mentioned
in nobilis , outwardly the basal spot has a very narrow, rudimentary whitish edge. Of the central spots, spot
3 is always the smaller and of oval shape, not extending to the costa; spot 4 is almost round to oval, both
are either contingent or separated by the ground colour. Spot 3 has only traces of a whitish circumscription,
whilst spot 4 has a complete surround. The apical spot (5 and 6) has the shape of a triangle standing on
its apex and also has only rudiments of a narrow whitish edge. The circumscription of the spots of forewing
is sometimes completely absent. In the $ there are only traces of a carmine collar, whilst in the $ same
is still deal ly discernible. Thorax, scapulae and abdomen are dull blue-black. Occasionally there are faint indi¬
cations of a red abdominal belt. Especially in the the entire body is fairly heavily haired. Legs are
an impure yellow. As I have no specimens from Hadji-Kherib before me, I cannot say whether that popu¬
lation has any special characteristics. Oberthur illustrates a specimen from Berud-Dagh that has no cir-

*) IIerrtch-Schaffer, who was very exact, would certainly have observed and mentioned this difference, had
lie had specimens from Amasia before him when he was describing his gcmy7ned€s.

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

269

cumscription to the spots and which I must deem to be an aberration, as I also have a $ in my collection
from the Taurus without further details as to exact locality. This has faint surrounds to the spots and varies
from the type race, of which there is a series in the Zoological Museum of the University of Berlin, by having
denser scaling, somewhat more vivid carmine red and a faint blue green gloss on the body and the dark
portions of the wings. A $ with similar characteristics, I observed in the collection of Przegendza, labelled
“Caucasus”, which is rather indefinite.

8. formosa Group.

f

p. 22, line 16 from below. Z. formosa H.-Schaff. The type race from around Amasia in Asia Minor
is well illustrated in Vol. 2, pi. 7 i. It is scarcely possible to mistake this pretty Zygaena for any other, as it
is very constant. It has a rosy coloured collar, scapulae with yellowish outer edges, abdomen with a rosy
belt on the usual 2 segments, occasionally being restricted to one segment and very rarely almost absent.
Staudinger captured same on the 9th June near Kishlatshyk and a few days later on the Caraman, v heie
it occurs relatively rarely to the beginning of July. It flies in the sunshine, generally skimming the ground
in fairly rapid flight and is rarely found at rest on flowers. — Staudinger only found 2 specimens sitting
on scabiosa flowers. — Staudinger also obtained a few specimens at Iverasdere. — I he larvae were disco¬
vered by Staudinger in May on a species of vetch. It is green with black head and in contrast to the larva
of freyeriana has but one black spot laterally on each segment and no dark striations in the joints. The
cocoon is very similar to that of freyeriana. Staudinger also found one cocoon of green colouration. — As
far as I know formosa has not been found in Syria as was stated by Seitz in Vol. 2, p. 28. The neaiest
locality would be Malatia, where the subspecies malatiana Rbl. {St.gr. i. 1.) — not Stgr.-Reb. — is found. It is
larger and more densely scaled and has a warmer shade of red. I he illustration in Vol. 2, pi. i h shows these
(differences qUite well. However the collar is not white, as is shown in the illustration but rose.

The subspecies rosinae Korb from the mountains south of Kulp in Armenia, discovered early July
1901 by Mrs. Rosine Korb, was classified as belonging to formosa following an examination of the genitalia
by Burgeff. It is rather larger in form than formosa and has a nice rosy red colouration. Besides the rosy
red palpi that occur in both sexes of this subspecies, the also has a rosy red frons. The scapulae both
of the and $ are rosy red. The central spots (3 and 4) are always separated from the apical spot (5 and 6)
by the blackish ground colour, whilst in formosa the upper outer angle of spot 4 is always faintly conting¬
ent with the lower inner angle of spot 5. — Mr. and Mrs. Korb found the larvae at the end of May and
early June on a species of vetch (Coronilla) with yellow blossoms growing on fairly bare, dry mountain slopes.
It is described by Korb as being pale green with black dots on the anterior part of each segment, t he
elongated cocoons are, according to Korb, smooth, whitish, a few with green colouration. According to this
the larvae and cocoon generally seem to be like those of formosa. In the early morning the imagines sat
about on the blossoms of a scabiosa plant with small flowerheads.

9. manger i Group.

p. 22, line 13 from below. Next to Z. mangeri Bgff. one should classify Z. rothschildi Reiss (p. 22).

10. cocandica Group.

p. 22, line 7 from below. Z. kavrigini Gr.-Grsh. (subsp.). Type race from Djilian-Tau and around
Baldjouan (eastern Bokhara) in May at altitudes of 800 — 1200 m. Ground colour is blue-black. Scapulae, collar,
in the $ sometimes the frons and a part of thorax are a vivid cinnabar -red. The abdomen is the same shade.
Rarely in the more frequently in the $, the 2 first segments are not completely red. V ings have fairly
wide yellowish fringes. The brilliant cinnabar-red spots of forewings have narrow yellowish edges, they are
situate as shown in the illustration of kavrigini in Vol. 2, pi. 7 g. Hindwings have the same shade of red as
the spots and a blue-black margin that varies in width and is scarcely different from that of cocandica. On
underside the forewings are paler and the edges of the spots are less prominent. The size of the spots ot
forewings vary, as does the thickness of the yellow circumscription, which is sometimes quite absent. It is
very interesting to learn that Haberhauer Jr. discovered, according to a description by Staudinger, an almost
identical population of this species at Samarkand at the end of May. Staudinger has named this rhodogastra, a
name which at present may be deemed to be synonymous with kavrigini. Unless there is some mistake, the
predominantly red Z. kavrigini is to be found on the lower spurs of the Hissar mountain chain at an altitude
of 800 — 1200 m.

270

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

p. 22, lme 5 from below. The var. karategini Gr.-Grsh. from around Obi-Garm. northwards of Baldiouan
7 °7thf low!r sl°Pelat abt- 1000- 1400 m altitude, has a red tip to abdomen, its characteristics indicate
n a fimty with cocandica, although it is actually closer to kavrigini. According to Grottm-Grshimailo sped
mens also occur in the Karategm that are like kavrigini with completely red spots to forewings and these he
has named ab. conserta. After a careful study of the literature, I am meanwhile not adopting lonZta as a sub
species name. According to the same author the ab. conserta is also found in Darwas tkat is to sav sneci'
mens with red colouration of collar and the spots. This form however is only frequent in the AA some
of the and the $$ seem to resemble cocandica. ' d tlie <*?> some

Z. cocandica Ersch. (p. 23, line 8 from top) and the races that it forms which are as yet eenerallv

A G ^ LnVi°CCUI' great6r alt*tudes than kavrigini, probably up to 2000 m in the mountain valleys of the
and the neighbouring chains of the Karategin and probably also in the Hissar raime It has Vellow or

ribdomtaal bae^ ttS ^.yellow or red collar, but alwayfa

,1 b ®tlU Ilgher 111 the mountains, as for instance in the Peter the Great mountains there

are populations with reduced spots and rudimentary collar, that often appears to be red instead of fellow
the abdominal belt is inclined to be absent, or is actually absent. - In the Pamir finahy Lve subsn

of'this froun f'f ’ * ^ “° abdominal belt- In order to demonstrate the variability

r gl, \ m7e comraenced with the lower ranges of altitude and proceeded to the high mountains
and thus started with subsp. kavngmi instead of the older name of cocandica which was the first given to
ns species. According to Erschoff the typical cocandica was captured on 22nd July.

11. laeta Group.

p. 23, line 15 from below Z. laeta. Him. Zhicharov captured some specimens near the village Grmo
rovka (in the district of Kieff) in the Ukraine, which apparently belong to typical ill It las !Lo been
ound at Balcic on the coast of the Black Sea, m the southern Dobrudja. Staudinger captured what is prob
abl y onentisBgff. in the Kerasdere and the Maidan in Asia Minor and Mann captured quite similar specimens

D™LfTE/t f 2 Y of the “ the cemetery on the Aintab load at Maral wUch

. EL has classified to subsp. onenhs. In these specimens the collar and the entire anterior part of the

thorax is red, similarly the abdomen to the base. The period of capture was 15 -28th June Probably these
represent a race that varies. luuamy uiese

segregata.

monacensis.

X. Subgen. Agrumenia Hbn.

•Pi' h\lans °- The types of Hoffmannsegg representing this species, which were sent to me

were said to have been captured at Algarve (Faro?) in S. Portugal. In my opinion they are closer to var’
aphochsia Bgff. than to subsp. esconalensis Oberth. Perhaps Oberthur was right when he claimed that the
andalusian race was the same as the type race of hilar is from Algarve.

p. 24 line 25 from below. Z. fausta L. (= nicaeae Stgr.). According to old records the type of fausta
was captured m southern Europe (Linne), Esper stated that the species only occurred in S .France 7 The
photograph of the type ex the Linnean Collection in London in my possession, shows a southern race with
faint traces of yellow circumscription to the spots of forewings. The southern french fausta hitherto nicaeae
Mgr., type lace from Nice, is accepted as type race of fausta. It occurs along the seaboard of the Maritime
Alps, Basses- Alpes and Bouches du Rhone and neighbouring country. The type race especially shows a vivid
warm cinnabar-red colour of spots of forewings and hindwings. The spots generally are conjoined Specimens

segregata ?Blach { Beit TV ™ by *he black ground c<>lour (Levens, Tenda) are denominated

•g ° 1 ) f The subsP- fortunata Rmb. shows a paler red colouration with admixture of car¬

mine and has constant narrow whitish yellow circumscriptions to spots. The spots of forewings including
their surrounds are not reduced in size as compared with the more southerly typical fausta, also^he margin
> dwings is just the same width as m same. A population occuring around Le Rozier (Lozere) varies little
c < can >e classified with fortunata. Also around Lyons fausta develops spot formation and marking just like
fortunata , having also the narrow whitish yellow circumscriptions to the spots as this subspecies

The subsp. fucunda Meissner from the alpine regions of W. Switzerland embraces the group of
fausta that are mainly without the abdominal belt and have much reduced collar. There is a general indination
to a reduction m the size of the spots, spots 3, 4, 5 and 6 of forewings are not infrequently completely separat
ed from one another The var. genevensis Mill, (p. 24, line 15 from below) is cited as a' race ^ ?

<ipf P/, " ’ rt-V +from below- The larger lacrymans Bgff. is now stated to be a subspecies. Fuessly claims
I lUI' i aS habltat and a ver.y similar population to lacrymans occurs on the Canisfluh (Vorarlberg) —
Daniel denominates the race from around Wolfratshausen in S. Bavaria as var. monacensis (Bgff. i. 1.). It has
a nclily contrasting colouration, partial occultation of the red abdominal segments by the interspersion of
black scales and a somewhat bolder, paler yellowish, sometimes even whitish Yu, ascription to tS Tote of

it that T™ TntTled * german fausta in 1796 for the first time in entomological literature and
at that time he gave Augsburg as the habitat. Further known localities are Teisenberg near Traunstein and

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

271

Elbigenalp in the Lechtal. The race to which the specimens from these 3 localities belong, has not yet been defined.

At the moment they are classified with subsp. lacrymans. E. Lindner discovered in August 1908 a jausta
population on the Garchinger heath near Munich, which is now said to be extinct. According to Daniel
same was not as richly coloured as monacensis and represented a transition to the population of Regensburg.

p. 24, line 23 from below. The subsp. suevica Reiss now comprises all the populations of the Swabian
Alps as well as those from Regensburg (Keilstein). The population from Eichstadt (Bavaria) probably also
belongs to this group. The yellow aberration of suevica is named ab. flava Reiss (Blaubeuren). Specimens in flava.
my collection from Kirilein (moravian Karst) have, like suevica , a partially red streaked thorax, the yellow is more
vivid. A specimen from the neighbourhood of Kletten, northwards of Zauchtel in N. E. Moravia has similar
characteristics. The most easterly localities known at present are Jassina (Korosmezo in what was formerly
known as Hungary), east Slovakia on the galician frontier.

It appears that a very local race occurs in Moravia and in eastern Slovakia that links up with subsp.
suevica and which has affinities with the central german fausta.

The subspecies agilis Reiss, type race from around Jena (Kunitzburg) and also from Apolda and Arn- agilis.
stadt, almost certainly also occurs at other spots in Thuringia. According to Burgeff it is found near
Weimar. Further agilis has been ascertained to occur at Wurzburg and at Wertheim. It always has distinctly
visible pure pale yellow thoracic streaks, the $$ show distinct pale yellow scales or short pale yellow hairs
on last abdominal segment. In contrast to typical jausta and also to jortunata, it varies very little in regard
to size and disposition of the spots. The relatively small brilliant red spots of forewing, which are always
conjoined with one another by the wide vivid yellow circumscriptions, are almost always of the same shape
and size. The yellow circumscription fairly frequently extends along the vein, at the level of spot 1, to¬
wards spot 3 and simultaneously at the level of spot 2, towards spot 4. On underside of forewings the
bright yellow appears chiefly as an outer surround of spot 6. Along the inner margin on underside of fore-
wings there seems to be a wide yellow silky glossy area that extends to the spots. Above this yellow silky
patch, spots 1, 2 and 3, 4 often seem to be widely conjoined together by red scales. Along the costa on
underside of forewings there is a red streak conjoining spots 1—3 often as far as spot 5, that part of same
between spots 3 and 5 is often yellow. The yellow aberration is ab. lugdunensis (Mill.) Bgff . and specimens with lugdunen

brown spots and brown hindwings are named ab. brunnea ( Oberth .) Bqjf. The denomination ab. lugdunensis ,

x ° \ / oil V brunnea.

Mill, refers to yellow specimens of the races like jortunata from Lyons and ab. brunnea to those of the jortu¬
nata races.

In conclusion I should like to mention that jausta also occurs in the S. Tyrol, which is not remarkable
in conjunction with the occurrence of lacrymans . Dannehl gives the Malser Heide as a further locality, while
Daniel has in his collection specimens from around the Klausen and Waidbruck.

Z. jaustina 0. (Vol. 2, p. 29) does not belong to jausta, but jciustina, baetica and murciensis form
a unit together. The only original specimen of jaustina that is left and that certainly had been in
Ochsenheimer’s collection and is now in the collection of Treitschke in the Hungarian National Museum,
has supplied the necessary proof. The jaustina illustrated by Hubner is the genuine type, Rambltr had
unfortunately taken a specimen of a Spanish jausta race, that probably originated from Catalonia, when he
described and illustrated the subsp. baetica of jaustina. The genuine jaustina emanates from Algarve in S. Por¬
tugal and is of the same size as baetica and murciensis. The specimens captured by Korb near Chiclana in
S. Spain and designated as baetica, are actually more like jaustina than baetica. Seitz has cited in Vol. 2,
p. 29 the main distinguishing characteristics of jaustina. The abdomen is generally red on the 3 usual segments,
ground colour is blackish green, the circumscriptions of the spots are fairly wide and nearly whitish yellow.

The basal spots (1 and 2) are widely separated from costa and from the central spots (3 and 4) which are
conjoined by their whitish yellow surrounds. Spot 3 also has a yellowish edge towards the constant blackish
costa. The yellow thoracic streaks are absent. The illustration in Vol. 2, pi. 8 c does not represent jaustina.

p. 25, line 27 from below. The subsp. baetica Rmb. is typical in the neighbourhood of Malaga. It has
larger central spots that are confluent in the red with very narrow generally only rudimentary whitish yellow
circumscriptions. The specimen illustrated by Seitz in Vol. 2, pi. 8 b does not represent baetica according to
the paratypes of Rambur submitted to me, as the spots are much too reduced in size. As however we know
little about the variation of the spring and autum forms and as also the degree of variability of beatica has
not yet been thoroughly ascertained, the specimen in the illustration referred to may be considered aberrative.

p. 25, line 25 from below, subsp. murciensis Reiss is to be classified here.

p. 25, line 5 from below. Z. marcuna Oberth. ( = marcuna Stgr. i. 1.). The correct name is marcuna
and not marcouna. The chief distinguishing feature from algira Dup. is that the basal spot (1 and 2) of
forewings does not extend to the inner margin.

SIS.

272

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

p 26, line 9 from top. Z. felix Oberth. Already in 1887 Staudinger relegated the type race to the
neighbourhood of Sebdou m the province of Oran, because Oberthur had described both the generally un¬
belted, as well as the generally doubly belted race without any indication of the habitat and further had
illustrated unbelted specimens as the types. In the year 1888 Oberthur mentions Magenta, Sebdou Lam-
bessa as the locality of his felix. We must therefore take the type race from around Sebdou as typical Only
recently Przegendza has named afresh the population from Sebdou as beatrix and this name' is therefore
synonymous with felix. It is important however to observe that Przegendza has ascertained, like Staudinger
md done previously, that the specimens from around Sebdou are nearly all without abdominal belts. Only
the V shows a distinct double white collar, in the same is often completely absent or only very rudimentary,
esides the $ has usually white-edged scapulae and occasionally the thorax has an interspersion of white

,SCa Cs' ~ ,°n th? °tlier hand in the east of A1Seria> near Constantine, a race occurs that almost exclusively
has a double red abdominal belt and which Staudinger named var. mauretanica (p. 26 as ab.). Also speci¬
mens from Lambessa, Khenchela and Batna, which are generally rather more dainty than felix , usually have
a pronounced abdominal belt, so that mauretanica can now be considered a subspecies. In the type race
trom Constantine the $ always has a fairly distinct white collar, but in this case only the prothorax is
f 1 iknigly white, whilst the edge of the back of the head is at most only slightly admixed with grey. The 9
is similar to that of the $ of felix. If the characteristics given by Staudinger for var. faustula (p. 26 as ab )
which occurs m the province of Constantine (namely heavy white surrounds to the forewing spots, whitish
scaling of thorax, in the £ sometimes with abdominal belt limited to one segment) prove to refer to the great
majority of the population of this district, then faustula should be held to be a race. As is usual in these
PSeretanica Zygaena’ belted specimens may occur in the felix populations = ab. pseudomauretanica n. ab ., whilst specimens
pseudofelix. ina-v occur amonS mauretanica populations having no belts - ab. pseudofelix n. ab., also specimens resembling
pseudo fau- faustula = pseudofaustula n. ab. among the mauretanica populations and apart from the type race of faustula
s *he locallty of which is not yet defined and all of which may occur now and then, but as aberrations in a minority.’
Such specimens have frequently been mentioned in literature.

menaggia. p. 27, line 26 from above. Z. carniolica Scop. Przegendza denominates as var. menaggia a race belonging

to subsp. Tiedysari Hbn. from near Menaggio on Lake Como (200 m). It is a transition race, which also resembles
subsp. roccn Vrty. I have specimens from Calolzio near Lecco. Generally larger than roccii and with dark
cinnabar-red spot markings. In a quarter of the markings like pseudoberolinensis occur, the remainder have
the spots of forewmgs more or less delicately circumscribed by yellow. Spot 6 in most specimens is promi¬
nently marked. Spots of forewmgs are larger on an average than those of roccii. In 67% of the AS spots
3 and 4 are separated, in the rest they just touch. Among the population of Calolzio the ab. apennina ( Trti )
Bgff without spot 6, is very rare. Przegendza mentions having taken a transition form to this aberration
at Menaggio. Although I have over 100 specimens from Calolzio, collected over a decade, I could not decide
to Pubbsb a description, as the differences from hedysari seem to me too immaterial. — Vorbrodt has
given a series of denominations for aberrations of spot markings in hedysari from the Tessin, which I will not
repeat here, as I consider such denominations are unnecessary. — In the Grisons (Filisur) Schneider of
flaveola. Elberfeld captured several ab. flaveola Esp. (nom. emend.) of the var. rhaeticola Bgff.

A very interesting subspecies of the Alps, typical of Vanzone (700 m) on the Anzasca Valley at the
anzascana. toot ot the Monte Rosa, Verity has named anzascana. I have a few specimens of same also from Gondo
and Iselle, S. E. of the Simplon. The variability is very slight, which is remarkable in a carniolica care. It
is generally somewhat larger than hedysari with wide and truncate apex to forewing. The colours are vivid
and bright. The brilliant red spots of forewings are larger, spot 6 in both sexes is well developed and always
without whitish circumscription. The surrounds also of the other spots of forewing are extremely reduced.
About half the specimens have no circumscriptions at all. This subspecies is to be classified after subsp.
valesiae Bgff. (p. 27), which almost constantly shows bold circumscriptions to the spots and owing to this
circumstance provides a nice contrast to anzascana.

As the original specimens that Staudinger described of ab. amoena belonged, according to Holik to the
amoena. subsp. onobrychis, it is necessary to cite under subsp. modesta Bgff.: ab. amoena (Stgr.) Bgff. (= eximia Heiyn.
vellayi. trans. philamoena Reiss trans.) *). — Also ab. vellayi Aigner must be replaced by vellayi ( Aigner ) Bgff. The
originals of ab. weileri Stgr. originate from around Carlsruhe and this aberration has not been found at any
other german locality. The spots of forewings 1, 3 and 5 as well as 2 and 4 are confluent in their entire width

a11 fi l mS Puhhshed. a very detailed treatise in regard to ab. amoena Stgr. In principle he groups

all the subspecies mentioned by him on account of aberrations under one head and then denominates each form by the
prior denomination given to same. These names are not all being enumerated in this Supplement, as often these are transi¬
tion forms and such names can have no scientific value. I would like to point out here that each subspecies (main race)
and each variety that represents the predominating number of individual specimens owing to some definite variation (race

mtaatli ’ and therefore not yet considered a subspecies) should haT a sTpSe deno-
mmalion. lt is a different thing with the many races, often only subraces, which depend almost solely on their locality for

weH havfleen utihsed' inVch 2ST ** ol ^species in question could

Pull. 2. XII. 1933

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

273

and the whole being faintly surrounded by whitish. The longitudinal spots created in this way are only separ¬
ated from one another by their whitish circumscriptions, which vary in width. Spot 6 is always separated
from the other spot area and has a narrower or wider whitish surround. Holik would prefer to see ab. kla¬
paleki (which is spelt without a “c”) Joukl classified under modesta, as the types originate from around Prague
and that population belongs to modesta. According to the description the ab. klapaleki Joukl is only a transition
to ab. meteora Reiss (p. 28) and cannot be held to be in the same rank as meteora. As Holik quite correctly
says, the ab. meteora Reiss is half-way between the pure amoena (without confluence of spots) and vellayi and
the same cannot be said of klapaleki.

p. 28, line 24 from below. Guhn denominates forms of subsp. berolinensis Stgr.: ab. pseudoapennina, pseudo- .
without spot 6 on forewings: very rare from Riidersdorf; ab. rubricosta, spot 1 diffuses along costa, spots 1,

3 and 5 are conjoined: rare; ab. paupera, daintily built specimens with blue-black ground colour, spot 4 of paupera.
forewings is absent: from Riidersdorf and ab. pseudoleonhardi, spots of forewings almost or completely without pseudoleon-
circumscriptions, i. e. typical, but spot 6 almost obsolete, only minute traces indicate same between the black
veins: Wusterhausen. — cingulata Hannemann is synonymous with ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgjf. and pseudo-
onobrychis Hannemann with ab. pseudocar niolica Bgjf., as these were already described in advance with the
subspecies. Hannemann had denominated the two preceding forms in var. verrina Bgfj., which seems super¬
fluous. — A population occurs at Zauchtel in N. E. Moravia that is like berolinensis, but differs in the high
percentage of belted specimens, their somewhat smaller size and paler red.

p. 28, line 18 from below. In front of subsp. leonhardi Reiss, the following should be classified: subsp.
viridis Przeg., type race from around Kieff in the Ukraine. It is easily recognisable by its striking sea-green
ground colour and further by the strikingly small, well isolated, carmine-red spot markings of forewing.
These have no circumscriptions or at best minute traces of white are visible. Almost without exception they
have a narrow red abdominal belt. The body is blue-black. Forewings narrow, the curve of margin being
regular to the apex and with very pale, well developed fringes. Hindwings with narrow black margin that
expands at apex. — The var. sub viridis Holik from E. Galicia (Dobrowlany near Zaleszczyki on the Dniester,
Lackie, westward of Zloczow, also Cracow and Opatow) is very like viridis being of the same size and having
similar spot markings, but the red is a deeper shade. — The following forms of viridis Przeg. are described:
ab. pseudoberolinensis ( Bgfj .) Holik, with no yellowish or whitish circumscriptions to spots and with no trace
of an abdominal belt; ab. azona ( Wgn .) Holik with distinct circumscriptions, but without abdominal belt; ab.
amoena (Stgr.) Holik (only taken at Umanj); ab. crassimaculata Holik with enlarged spots, that partially
become contingent (also near Umanj); ab. confluens (Dziurz.) Holik with confluent spots l and 2 as well as
3 and 4 : rare; ab. securigera (Bgfj.) Holik in which spot 5 is conjoined with spot 6 in the same way as in
fulvia : at Umanj.

p. 29, line 13 from below. The populations of subsp. onobrychis occur as far southwards as the rouma-
nian Carpathians; also in the mountains of Pollow in S. Moravia a population occurs that must be counted
as belonging to onobrychis. Similarly at Bojnice in Slovakia. According to records by Holik a population
is also found in Podolia (Sawince) that according to its appearance still belongs to onobrychis.

ridis.

sub viridis.

pseudobero¬

linensis.

azona.

amoena.

crassimacu¬

lata.

confluens.

securigera.

A further race of onobrychis, var. caliacrae Reiss (subsp.?) is mentioned as occurring at Blacic on caliacrae.
the roumanian Silver Coast in the southern Dobrudja. In general appearance it is nearest to scorpjina Bgff.

(p. 30). However the reel is more vivid, admixed more or less with carmine or vermilion. The size varies
between that of scopjina and onobrychis. Forewings have a faint blue or green gloss. In the majority of
dU the spots of forewings, especially spot 6, have only rudimentary yellowish or whitish circumscriptions.

Spot 6 in nearly half the is much reduced in size and is partially intersected by the black veins. In the
$$ this characteristic is less marked, generally also they have heavier and more regular yellow or yellowish
white circumscriptions to spots of forewing. Margins of hindwing are normal. Usually a fiery red abdominal
belt covers 3 segments. As in all the coastal races of carniolica, variability is large. In the majority of spe¬
cimens spots 3 and 4 are confluent through a merging of their circumscriptions, but specimens occur with
considerably enlarged spots 3, 4 and 5 and others, with spots 3 and 4 confluent in the red. At the same
time one finds specimens with spots 3 and 4 completely separated by the gound colour. Among others the
following forms are denominated: ab. securigera (Bgff.) Reiss; ab. laticlavia (Bgff.) Reiss with strikingly en- seCurigera.
widened margins to hindwing; ab. rubroabdominalis Reiss with almost completely red abdomen dorsally lahclama^
and ab. azona (Wgn.) Reiss without abdominal belt. Stress should be laid on the distinct affinity vitli taurica minalis.
Stgr. from the Taurus and with var. europaea from Therapia. azona.

p. 30, line 23 from below. The var. amabilis Reiss originates from around Kasikoparan. The type
race of subsp. transiens Stgr. (3 e) has its habitat at Shahkuh in N. Persia. It should be remarked that spot
6 of forewings of transiens is rarely quite devoid of red. The dark ground colour has a faint bluish sheen.

The red is carmine rose. There is a fairly distinct carmine red abdominal belt on one segment, which h o w e\ ei
is not complete on underside. Also a narrow white collar is visible.

Supplementary Volume 2 35

274

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

P-30, line 7 from below A population that belongs to subsp. uralia Bgff. (= uralensis Krul.. praeocc )
was discovered by Ernst G. A. Schneider of Elberfeld at Kalkanowa, Borkoteja in the S. Urals but un-
fortunately only a few specimens were obtained. The type specimens of uralia of Krulikowsky from the
central Urals, of which one $ is m the collection of Sheljuzhko, were not available to me In the 2 22
specimens from Kalkanowa which were submitted to me. spots of forewing have quite equally wide yellowish
vlnte circumscriptions as the typical modesta Bgjf. from the central Rhine valley. The' wing contour is
rather narrower and more elongate than same. The red is pale carmine, paler than in modesta. In one 2
spo s anc are fairly widely separated. Ground colour of forewings is a pronounced glossy bronze green
l lie dark margination of limdwmgs is very narrow in the only rather worn ^ and 2 00.* In the A it is
distinctly narrower than m modesta $. Collar and scapulae are only very faintly whitish. The distinct pale
carmine red abdominal belt is open on underside and limited to one segment. The specimens of uralensis from
he S. Lrals are totally different from the typical berolinensis, with which Krulikowsky had compared
lem, and they cannot be mistaken for one another. They differ from viridis from around Kieff in the

Ukraine by the more distinct green gloss, paler almost rose coloured red and the fairly heavy circum¬
scriptions to sjiots of forewings. “ ^

p. 31 line 1 at top. I have a specimen from Saissansk, Tarbagatai, Saur mountains, that belongs to
subsp. rueckbeih SJielj. 6

vraematura p. 31 line 7 from top. Z. occitanica Vill. After disjunct a should be added: var. praematura Przea.

l orn around Ventimiglia, occunng at end of June. According to the description it is considerably larger than
disjunct a Spud, from Alassio and Laiguegha and has more elongate forewings. Spots of forewings are throughout
separated and reduced m size. The 2 has enwidened white circumscriptions to spots. Hindwings have
much wider margins that protrude in centre. It must be remarked that this race is on the wing at end of

June, whilst the populations of Alassio and Laigueglia are still aH in the larval stage at that time of the year

It is probable that subsp. disjunct* Spul., the type race of which has not been allocated at any one locality
on the Riviera cli ponente, does not originate from Ventimiglia.

IX. Subgen. Thermophila Hbn.

qUatuMa. thp r5 ^ ^ mdiloti Esp' Guhn describes ab. quadrimaculata from Damsbriick in

the suburbs of Berlin, m which spot 3 is missing. According to Guhn all the other aberrations mentioned

on p. .>] as occurring among typical meliloti with the exception of ab. unimaculata Vorbr. occur at Berlin The

tZ7TCtT ft 18 deiC1;lbed fr0mATenglish (New Forest) and §erman (Stettin) specimens, ab. conjluens Butt
is only found among englisli series (New Forest). This latter denomination must eventually be adopted to

cover the same variety found among the german populations of meliloti, as these form one group of sub-

|1>e\K ' " ' ' "’st " s,mt icin England. Similarly names established for aberrations of meliloti from german
cniglicci. localities must apply to similar englisli forms. - The var. anglica Reiss from Lyndhurst, New Forest S

lloT isliri r, '[7- raenli;;tlS +t mt tI,11S 18 reStricted to the New Forest locality - is now extinct according to
()f • V ’ . 18 Sfmfler hran 16 typiCal mehloU from the Upper Palatinate in Bavaria. Ground colour

ot o almost devoid of gloss, a faint greeny gloss in $. Thorax and abdomen, especially in distinctly more

heavily haired rather narrower blackish margins of hindwing. Spot 4 of forewings' generally rather larger
m comparison to the size of the insect. 6 g y

• • Pp3!; 'T, 2 f,‘01U bel°W- SPecimens from Radmanso and Alfsjb in S. Sweden are similar to subsp

~ ZZ“,t oL«leT„ E^7usda.SeXPU"Cta,a ^ **** ““ * conjoined with 0, is

at Fage^if aid' KwhS ** ™ di”d * E~

is svnonvinmi^uTI0 l'0’/ tOP* denomination cingulata given by Vorbrodt under subsp. teriolensis Speyer,
GenZ, 1 v? T0m V°RBR0DT has denominated the following spot aberrations from the Monte

fluens • * ill VtanfthejTIgaJa: ®pots 2 and 4 conjomed; ab. apicaliconfluens: spot 5 and 6 confluent; ab omnicon-
duens. all spots confluent; ab. parvimaculata: Spots almost suppressed by the ground colour.

wp , P‘ 32,1 I”16. 22 fl'°ni top. To be added to the many denominations of aberrations of var. italic a Car

blotches ememinff +4 (}? ^ Captm'ed at Voltri’ wllich in place of the 5 red spots has black diffuse

race of snl g g . 1<(1^ the green-blue ground colour. Also the hindwings are completely black. — The type
race of subsp. dacica Car. originates from around Targu Neamtu in Roumania. * ‘

P- 32 line 12 from below. In the S. Urals (Kalkanowa in the Urguner forest, Utschaly) the easilv

mo^uteK prTte f hne,den„f w Lt can be differentiated by the more dainty build, narrower and

acutth Pointed wings. There is a distinct green gloss in all specimens on forewings and also on body

analielon-

gata.

apicalicon¬

fluens.

omnicon-

fluens.

parvimacu¬

lata.

melas.

schneideri.

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

275

and antennae, which is not shown by any other known meliloti race. rl he red is carmine rose. Generally on hind-
wings there is a more or less distinct yellowish antemargin between the red ground colour and the light
margins. The dark and fairly long fringes contrast sharply from same. On underside of forewings the area
beyond the spots is strikingly uniformly scaled with yellowish. Those specimens with the yellowish inteiposuie
on liindwings show this most markedly. In these cases the upperside of forewings also shows a heavier yellow
gloss. This yellow scaling on underside of forewings is much more pronounced than in the typical races of
meliloti. The yellowish interposure is also distinctly visible on underside of hindwings. Abdomen without
red belt. Spots of forewings are arranged similarly to those of meliloti and are just as variable in size.

p. 32, line 11 from below. I possess the var. mongolica Ml. (= mongolica Stgr. i. 1.) from Urga in Mon¬
golia and similar specimens from the Baikal mountains (Province of Irkutsk) captured in July. The latter
closely resemble var. dahurica Bsd. from Daurien in eastern Siberia. The var. dahurica, according to the
description, is one quarter larger than meliloti with heavier antennae, more rounded forewings with five spots,
which resemble those of meliloti. It is also more densely scaled. Hindwings are somewhat paler red with wider

black margins.

The subsp. confusa Stgr. that is typical of Ala-Tau (collected by Haberhauer) occurs, according to
Lederer also in the Altai. I have received a few similar specimens from Saissansk, Saur mountains, I arba-
gatai. A small number of some 200 specimens submitted to Staudtnger for classification and description,
looked like meliloti-. ab. pseudomeliloti ab. nov. The majority however had confluent spots. Frequently only j^eudome-^
spots 3 and 5 and then again spots 2 and 4 were confluent, rarely the spots of forewings were confluent

approximately as in brizae.

p. 32, line 5 from below. Z. niphona Btlr. The distribution spreads from the Ussuri and Amur
territories through Corea on the main land and over the entire Japan to Formosa. The type race originates
from around Yokohama in Japan. Specimens that I have from Nagasaki correspond best to the description
given. The populations of S. Japan will be the same as typical nipliona , except for those that occur high
up in the mountains. The northern japanese populations appear to have greater resemblance to christophi
Stgr of the main land. The southern japanese niphona nearly all show rather heavily enlarged spot markings
on forewings, which become more or less confluent in pairs. The apex of forewings is rounded off. Ground
colour is a dull metallic green. Spots 3 and 5 of forewings are finely conjoined along the vein. Spot 6 is
small, inclined to be suppressed and is contingent to spot 5. Also spots 2 and 4 are more or less inclined
to become confluent. On underside of forewings there is a pale yellowish silky gloss extending over the
spot area and beyond same almost to apex of wing. On hindwings there is a blackish, often almost obsolete
margin, which is widest at apex. In the $ this margin of hindwings is even less pronounced than m $ In
contrast to the dark green thorax, the abdomen appears to be a deep blue with a delicate reddish sheen.

It has a pale carmine red belt on 2-3 segments. In ab. qumquemaculata Reiss spot (3 of forewings is either
completely absent, or only just visible on upperside.

The subsp. christophi Stgr., the type race of which is found at Raddefka in the Amur and Ussuri christophi.
territories, differs materially from typical niphona. It has more pointed wings, a more pronounced blue and
less green gloss on forewings and thorax. The reduction in size of spots 1 to 5 and their brilliantly conti ast-
ing red colour and further the distinct increase in size and prominence of spot 6, which only very rarely
is absent, serve to distinguish same. Besides the margin of hindwings is rather heavier and certainly more
distinct, especially in the — ab. quinquemaculata Reiss (see above) also occurs, as does — ab. cotiiluens Reiss m qmnquemcc
which spots 2 and 4, as well as 3 and 5 become completely confluent. A rare form is when only one of these (,onflueHS_
pairs is confluent longitudinally.

var. coreana Reiss denominates specimens captured end July to early August at Sei-shm m X. Corea.
The main characteristic of this race is that spot 6 of forewings more or less diffuses and becomes rudiment¬
ary. Spots 3 and 4, as in christophi, are more or less distinctly separated. Spot 4 is cubiform, rarely as
large as in niphona. Five-spotted specimens are not rare. Here also ab. confluens Reiss occurs. In very few
specimens (generally $$) spot 6 is more or less closely conjoined to spot 5, as occurs m the majority of
typical christophi. This form is named: ab. pseudochtistophi Reiss.

coreana.

pseudo¬

christophi.

p. 32, line 3 from below. Z. cilicica Bgff. The specimen illustrated on pi. 3 li is a The types
(2 d'd') of Herrich- Schaefer originated from around Amasia. Specimens from the Taurus, to which also
the illustrated specimen belongs, appear more robust and seem to have wider wings than the type from Amasia
figured by Herrich- Schaefer.

p. 33, line 13 from top. Z. filipendulae L. Guhn has denominated as purpuraloides specimens of
subsp. pulchrior captured around Berlin having spots 3, 5 and 6 confluent. This seems to be synonymous with
ab. confluens Oberth., the types of which originate from England. The form pseudotuth Guhn denotes a

!76

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

lismorica.

petshers-

kensis.

transition to ab. quinquemaculata Vorbr. and therefore this denomination KP u

In »!>• sarothamni Onhn spots of forewings are *

l ITnlizLlZlTot Mh • have been di~d *

The war. lismorica Reiss (ab?) from the Isle of Lismore in Scotland is denominated It has almost
bluish black glossy ground colour in the <J and a dull quite lustreless red. The red nebulous streak on urn er
s.de of forewmgs is scarcely present. Margins of liindwings are fairly heavy, but irregular The harness of
body and abdomen is coarser, but in this characteristic it does not reach the same degree as hT nf t,

Sed15”6 ra“S' tyPi°al manni H"8Mtf. from the Gross Glockner is also small®- and more tMy

I lie snhsp. petsherskensis Holik and Reiss, types from Kirilloyskiie ovragi near KiVff nr»ri \ r +. f

thorax the abdomen of ? is remarkably hea^y, whilst the wing “V? g

c able, being sometimes only faint, m others very heavy and in all stages of transition. Hindwines have
airly heavy margins, these expand at inner angle and anex In the o t m. m

»„r : I :s::pfz% hi SB

Sh™°ko. °f l0ngItUdlnaI e01lflUen°e- AU the °f ‘*-e aberrations J based on notes s* by

frifdiod,- var. frigidiochsenheimeri froin SappacliuttmicAlp^Tfsn IltitiulTc.f ' noi'r^oo"^' °d,se,fleimeri f' The
schemer,. • jt ; almosf, „f „m„ “ * • . altitude of 1300-1400 m is close to nucroctisenhei-

»«. It is almost of the same size, wing contour ami markings, but the Tpots of “T ISTZtt
uch enlarged m the ereat nrennnrlPT-eir.rvo . ■ L, „ . ^ especially spot 5,

. > “o — rrictiikiiigsi, uui. cue spots or iorev

are much enlarged m the great preponderance of individual specimens. The form in which spot 5 hfoval'
oblongama- is named by Verity ab. oblon^amacula Also thm m„mn0 rm i • . , , lcn bPot ° 1S ovab

cula. The coJours are ™le t i‘§, Yb° mar8ins of hmdwings are wider than in microchsenheimeri

„r=5: It is almost ™

i riy much. larger, I he form medioconfluens Vorbr. is a transition to ab. biconjuncta Vrty snots -1 and ±

VolrZZZLjjuZTtvZ Vyn°7mOUS With ab' an0dicaeformiS Vrty. and ’ apicaliconfluens

' apiceconjuncta Vity., further mediaptcahconfluens Vorbr. with biconjuncta Vrty.

with hpfvp 0’ hi;ei 24 ifl’?m bel°W‘ WhUst in the race of subsp. ramburi Led. from Antioch specimens
v i h heavily reddened forewmgs are rare, a population has now been discovered in damp localities around

- giiipsa ss

tied S C and oTh iT ? T™ V SR—« " ~ from M™ ( a^

sometimes conjoined' with ^ T££X

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss.

277

red. The hindwings have an almost uniformly wide narrow blackish margin. The two submedian nervures
are distinctly dusted with black. Head, thorax and abdomen are blue-black. A complete red abdominal belt
is always present on one segment, in the $ it sometimes expands covering a second segment, in the A there
is a grey-white collar. The illustrations in Vol. 2, pi. 6 i are much too bright a red.

p. 36, line 6 from top. Z. trifolii Esp. Guhn adds to the innumerable aberrations still ab. tripuncta tripuncta.
from around Berlin. Spots 1 and 2 are confluent, spots 3 and 4 are united in an almost round spot, so
that forewings have only 3 spots.

Przegendza found at Lubine and Le Mont in the Vosges a dull black race with short antennae,
which he has named var. vogesiaca. The hindwings vary in width, but forewings are uniformly wide and vogesiaca.
with rounded apex. Spots of forewings are dull red, on an average somewhat smaller than those of the cen¬
tral german populations and with a general inclination for spots 3 and 4, as well as 3 and 5 to become
confluent. — Przegendza bred an autum form of var. australis Oberth. that emerged end September to mid
October. It was bred from ova obtained from the May brood from Batna, Algeria and is distinguishable from
same by its somewhat paler red and smaller size.

p. 37, line 18 from top. Z. lonicerae Schev. In the Ukraine, around Kieff var. ukraima Przeg. occurs, ukrciina.

It has densely scaled forewings and a brilliant superficial gloss. Ground colour is dark steely blue and spots
of forewings are small and carmoisin red. Margin of hindwings is double as wide as in typical lonicerae.

Antennae are long and bold, forewings elongate and moderately broad, body not very hairy and glossy blue-
black.

Verity describes a var. lusitaniaernixta from Sierra da Estrella in Portugal, captured mid June to lusitaniae-
mid July at altitudes of 800—1500 m. It can scarcely be differentiated from intermixta Vrty. and is relatively
rare among trifolii occurring there.

I denominated as subsp. kalkanensis some specimens captured end July and early August in the kalkanen-
S. Urals (around Kalkanowa, 800 — 900 m) which form a readily distinguishable race. Its dainty form, narrower
more elongate wings and distinctly duller paler red (carmine rose) are typical. Ground colour of forewings is
dull with very faint greenish blue sheen. Margination of hindwings is fairly wide, dull bluish black with distinct
jet black fringes. Body of $ fairly densely haired, that of $ shows occasionally a dull blue-green gloss on
abdomen. It is very interesting to observe that spots 3 and 4 of forewing are fairly often in juxtaposition
with an inclination to become confluent. In one $ they are completely confluent. — ab. citrina ( Speyer ) Reiss, citrina.
the yellow form, is also found there.

At Kansk on the Kan in Siberia and near Saissansk in the Tarbagatai (at 1860 m altitude) similar
carmine rose lonicerae populations to kalkanensis occur, according to single specimens from these districts in
my collection. These also have similar margins to hindwings and show an inclination towards confluence of
spots. Although these specimens come from localities that are so widely apart and of such different altitude,
it would appear that a subspecies occurs in these regions that has a confluence of spots comparable to that
of subsp. confusa Stgr. of meliloti, which I also possess in specimens collected in the larbagatai.

p. 38, line 18 from below. Przegendza re-denominates “ burgeffi ” (nom. praeocc.) by hybr. peucedano- peucedano-
loniceroides (16 m as burgeffi). It denotes a hybrid of lonicerae and ephialtes subsp. borealis 2. Ihe type J> *mo^es>
ex the collection of Przegendza is illustrated as “burgeffi”.

p. 40, line 17 from top. Z. transalpina Esp. A. new denomination ab. paradoxa Michalk has been paradoxa.
given. It occurs on the western slopes of the Burgberg near Mittenwald (Upper Bavaria). It is classified under
subsp. alpina Bsd. Spot 1 is slightly reduced, spot 2 only faintly indicated, spots 3, 4 and 5 are completely
absent. Spot 6 is present and of normal size. Underside of forewings shows a slight reduction of the wide
red nebulous streak.

p. 42, line 25 from below. Z. angelicae O. In his recent work regarding the butterflies of Tessin and
Misox, Vorbrodt states that as far as he knows this species does not occur in Switzerland.

The subsp. sheljlizhkoiana Holik & Reiss from the Ukraine in the immediate and more distant sur- shdjuzh-
roundings of Kieff, varies distinctly from the type race. The specimens are scarcely larger than the type
race from Vienna and have remarkably long abdomens with a more sleek and pointed wing contour. The
scaling is denser, the red darker carmine. Forewings are throughout with blue gloss and spots are smaller.

Hindwings have wider margins and black scales extend from same along the veins towards the centre ot
wing. Especially along the submedian fold the veins are frequently completely covered with black scales.

According to Sheljuzhko, who has also given the following particulars in regard to aberrations, this race is

widely distributed and common in the district of Kieff. The aberrations are : ab. doleschalli ( Riihl ) Holik from doleschalli.

278

Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. SYNTOMIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

°7ag|- yeUo'r> »•>• privata Horn with reduced spots to forewings, spot 4 completely absent

*°" * 'eftam,e l0“'T; ab- 5#sta"*l#”*“a mik With * “y'ft* extension of apot 1 along the costa extend
confluens • ing half the length of same, from the same localities; ab. confluens IJolik with spots of forewing more o^less
continent, especially spots 2 and 4 are widely conjoined, this form is rare from Svjatoshino and KfrMje

kiewcms. p. 43 line 25 from top. 2. ephialtes L. To be added to subsp. borealis Bgff.: var. kiewensis Reiss from

” 5“Und K‘eff hf Ukiame ,and ™r' p0d0lica Holik from the neighbourhood of Ealrulowa in Podolia The

u-st race is almost. exclusively peucedanoid, somewhat larger than borealis from Magdeburg, more heavily
built and with wider wings, partially with smaller spots to forewings, especially spot 4 is reduced Whilst
in the typical borealis population the form athamanthae Esp. is of rare occurrence, in Icieicensisthl
o is predominantly five-spotted. Barely a 6th spot is indicated and more rarely stilt it is fully developed The
same characteristics occur in the ?. Spots 3 and 4, as well as 5 and 6 (where the latter is indicated) are

3esT„d1tyhSePara i- ®P°f 4 *s occasionally partially very faintly circumscribed by whitish

scales and these sometimes are interspersed in the spot itself. Margins of hindwings are wider than in borealis

i rrWe me,zgerir n°* 111 ««• *1**™™* m* ,«*». «. ..g

with singly and rarely. According to Shbljuzhko the var. kiewensis is generally distributed all around Kieff

half fn?th eyreCOmmd°n' I to tlle description, is ephialtoid to the extent of one-

half and the remainder being peucedanoid. Almost always five-spotted, sometimes spot 6 is indicated The

spots are reduced in ^size as in kiewensis. In the ephialtoid specimens the basal spots (1 and 2) are completely
or nearly completely filled with red, the other spots of forewings are occasionally fairly heivily thiged wfrh

hive ““or88,” me|Per °ld Tecimens “» often exceedingly dusky with' distinct discal spot. They
have a very wide blackish margin that diffuses inwardly. As the description is based on a few possibly

cuhm of tl e1 SPe-TnS b *he Musenm at Cracow- will be best to wait for confirmation of the parti-
culars of the diagnosis based on more numerous and freshly captured material.

With fr0m t0p- Z- araratica Stgr. I have in my collection 1 araratica ex coll. Standftjss

< cahty Kasikoparan mid August. In a casual examination of these specimens one might take them for
j eached tmnsalpma from Mid or Southern Italy with completely black hindwings. The blackish colour has
a blue-green sheen, there is no trace of an abdominal belt. Both specimens, contrary to the very brief
description of Staudinger are five-spotted, only in the $ spot 6 is visible on underside. The small spots of
forewing are faintly tinged with reddish m the <J, also at base and in cell of hindwings there are a few reddish
scales The ? shows no trace of this reddish tinge, the spots being whitish. Spot 1 of forewings is completely

btthtnTand Pandtl'* VI w that c“'-v * minute sPeck is Mt- Spot 2 is shaded at base

th d and $ and also otherwise m consequence of the interspersion of dark scales, especially in A it is

?tas t n t r ridely separri' spot 5 is smaiier ^ *. &*££

m the A is as the upper side, hindwings are scaled with red in ray-like formation (proceeding from base)

i t l i !'ef.Ce of hmdwmgs towards the upper angle, there is a clearly visible, minute whitish red spot
in eiside of forewmg of + is the same as the upperside (there is no trace of a nebulous streak) Hind-
w 1 ngs show a barely visible whitish spot situate as in the <?. The seems to indicate a faint transition to

I ' 7 f°reT? fp0t? and hmdwmgs- Head, antennae and legs are as the ground colour As

I hold the red abdominal belt of dorycnii O. to be very constant, I cannot bring mysflf to believe that

■oiycmiami ammtica are one and the same species. Only when transition forms have been found either
rndillg ycmi inclining towards araratica or among araratica inclining towards dorycnii, having thus a
rudimentary abdominal belt, will this become thinkable. The illustrations in Vol. 2, pi. 5 k show the bodies
and heads too heavily depicted and the antennae are too long and especially in the $ too coarse The antennae
of ararauca are generally not so sharply pointed as is shown in the illustration on pi. 5 k

3. Family: Syntomidae.

divisa.

handel-

mazzettii,

1. Genus: Syntoisiis 0.

8 diFisa Wlcr. (Vol. 10, p 70, pi. 9 d). This species should be classified after perixantUa Bmps, in Main
p. 39. It occurs in N. China, Province of Chihli, in Shantung and Kiaochow.

., f; TTSTT vSmJ't A lMge alKl fine species that shollld be Placed next to didwtoma Leech
domino] belt 'e(l ' 1 "/A "T® by the -vellow sPotted scapulae, mesothorax and a yellow ab-

Anex of hind segment. It has wider wings and the black margins to wings are distinctly' narrower

X. “s: :i !mo24o°o ry black- wing expanse: 2i-33 — w- ^ ^

Vol. 2.

(Vol.

DYSAUXES; MILTOCHRISTA; AGRISIUS; LITHOSIA; COSCINIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

279

S. anatolica Zerny (= phegea Rbl.) (Suppl. Vol. 2, p. 55) should be classified before aequi'puncta Trti. anatolica.
(5 a). Wings like aequi'puncta with slightly bulging margin and faint metallic gloss. Spots of forewings of
medium size, spots 4 and 5 are almost of ecpial size, fairly long, spot 3 quadrate. On hindwings basal
spot is not separated, spot 2 only slightly smaller. In $ the spots are larger, they become confluent covering
almost the entire wing. Tip of antennae white. Abdominal belt open ventrally. A smaller species than
aequipuncta , differing from nigricornis by the white tips to antennae. Length of forewings: 14- 17 mm. Amasia;

Erdshias Dagli; around Angora.

4. Genus : Dysauxes Him.

p. 58, line 16 from top.

punctata F. — In regard to hyalina Frr. (Vol. 2, p. 41, pi. 9 i). I repeat here what Rebel and Zerny hyalina.
state in their Lep. Fauna of Albania, p. 119: “According to information supplied by Mr. A. Natjfock (Linz)
the male genitalia of D. punctata F. and hyalina Frr. show constant differences, which justify a specific
separation of the two forms. The first (with servula Berce and separata B.-IF) seems to be restricted in its
distribution to the western Mediterranean, not occurring east of the Adriatic. On the other hand hyalina is
an eastern species that penetrates westwards as far as Italy (including Sicily), famula Frr. is a form of
hyalina, which is predominant in Dalmatia and Sicily.”

4. Eamily: Arctiidae.

2. Group : Lithosiinae.

11. Genus: Miltoelirista Him.

p. 65. Please insert before miniata Forst . :

M. flavicollis Mr. (Vol. 10, p. 135, pi. 18 a). This species, besides occurring at Sikkim, is also found flavicollis.
at Simla (Punjab) on Mount Kufri at 2500 m altitude and therefore probably also occurs on palaearctic territory.

There are 3 specimens in the collection of Dr. Reich, Berlin.

22. Genus: Agrisius Wkr.

Vol. 2, p. 63. Behind fuliginosus Moore, please add:

A. guttivata Wkr. (Vol. 10, p. 197, pi. 15 k). This occurs on palaearctic territory in Szechuan and guttivata.
Chengtu.

28. Genus: TJtiiosia F.

Vol. 2, p. 69, line 15 from top. Please insert after fumidisca Hmps .:

L. nigripes Hmps. (Vol. 10, p. 210, pi. 15 d). According to information kindly supplied by Dr. Reich, nigripes.
Berlin, he has 1 $ specimen in his collection from W. China, Ta-tsiendu.

Suppl. Vol. 2, p. 69, line 10 from top. Please insert after predotae Schaw.:

L. ambrosiana ( Fdz . i. 1.) sp. n. Through the kindness of the Rev. A. Fernandez, Madrid, 3 GG ambrosiana.
specimens of this species are before me for description. It is somewhat related to predotae and is of about
the same size as same, the wings being perhaps slightly broader. Forewings blackish grey with a faintly
yellowish hue and with a narrower orange-yellow costal streak that extends to apex. Fringes are also grey
with slight yellowish admixture at the tips. Hindwings not darker than forewings, at most slightly duskier at
apex, with long reddish yellow fringes. Head bright orange-yellow, frons somewhat brownish, palpi orange;
collar slightly greyer, thorax of the same shade as the wings. Abdomen almost completely reddish yellow also
on upperside, but with slight grey admixture at base. Legs pale orange-yellow, femora and tibiae grey
outwardly. Antennae orange-yellow on upperside, blackish underneath, slightly setose ciliate, each joint with an
exceedingly fine bristle, about as long as double the width of the shaft and with extremely fine cilia, very
different from the very finely pectinated antennae of predotae. Wing expanse: 21 to 23 mm. It occurs from
La Vid to Burgos. Type in the collection of A. Fernandez, Cotypes in the Coll. Drafdt.

4. Group: Micrarctiinae.

32. Genus: Coscmia Him.

p. 72, line 31 from top:

280 OCNOGYNA; CHELIS; PARA SEMI A; MICRARCTIA; SPILARCTIA; ESTIGMENE. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

In regard to the biology of C. romeii Sagarra the following fresh particulars can now be given. The
imagines emerge in September. Soon after the ova have been deposited, the small larvae emerge and feed
up on Poa annua. The larvae go on feeding throughout the winter until April, they then rest in a fully fed
and quiescent state until August, when they again become active and spin up. (Schreiber, Meenicke).

40. Genus: Oeiiogyms Led.

Vol. 2, p. 78, line 15 from top. After bellieri-banghaasi should be added:

O. banghaasi — f. sordida Igel is uniformly suffused with grey-brown, so that the 3 whitish transverse
stripes are obscured. Jenitze (the southernmost station of the anatolian railway). Captured at the beginning
of April.

Vol. 2, p. 78 and also p. 74 of this Supplement, read:

41. Genus: Oielis Mr.

instead of Cletis, which was an error.

46. Genus : Parasemia Hbn.

p. 77, line 5 from top:

P. plantaginis L. — To be added to interrupt, a Schaw. is the reference to plate 6 g as “bosniensis” ; the
name bosniensis was printed on the plate in error, the specimens sent for illustration having been erroneously
marked with this name and the correction was not made in time. There is no “bosniensis” .

49. Genus : Ulicrarctia Sz.

nehulosa. p. 79, line 2 from top. M. glaphyra Ev.\ — nebulosa Reich has dull white wings, finely dusted with

black and with obscure, diffuse markings. Marginal band of hindwings complete. It occurs in the Rohtang
Pass, Kangra, N. India at an altitude of 4053 m.

lochmaiteri. M. lochmattcri Reich seems to stand about halfway between JH. glaphyra, gratiosa ab. jlava and Phrag-

matobia wagneri Pglr. Forewings deep brown with roundish black spots in centre and at end of cell, in
centre ol inner margin and at outer margin at apex and at anal angle. The reduced central band only extends
as far as the white submedian nervure, also the outer band is much reduced and sharply angulated. All
the light markings are obscured by blackish dust. Hindwings pale yellowish with a discal spot and a conti¬
nuous marginal band of 2 mm width. Body dorsally black, laterally and ventrally yellow. Palpi black with
orange -yellow tip. Wing expanse: 31 mm. It occurs at the Shyok valley, Karakorum at 4700 m altitude and
is named after the Swiss guide Franz Lochmatter who lost his life in the Dutch Karakorum Exnedition.

50. Genus: Spflarctia Btlr.

nigrodorsa- p. 80, line 4 from below. S. nigrodorsata Reich reminds one of S. comma Wlcr. (Vol. 2, p. 86, pi. 15 d).

Forewing creamy yellow with black band arising at apex and proceeding to inner margin; small striations
above, thicker ones below and with a heavy black inner marginal streak that stops short just before base
and inner angle; at base a black spot. The first third of costa has a black margin and from where this
ceases an angulated band of spots extends, running finally parallel to the first band; at outer margin there
aie ^ 4 black dots. Hindwings creamy yellow, transparent in disc, with a black dot at upper angle of

cell and a second one near the margin on 2. radialis. Head and thorax pale yellow, similarly the first segments
of abdomen, then rosy red with a heavy deep black dorsal stripe from head to tip of abdomen that is yellow¬
ish- Underside of abdomen yellowish white, with black spots laterally and sublaterally. From 1 $ from
the northern slopes of the Kan Shan mountain range at an altitude of 2500 m.

56a. Genus: Estigmeiic Hbn.

This Genus should be classified after Greatonotus Hbn. (Vol. 2, p. 90). We also refer to what was written
in Vol. 10, p. 253.

perrotteti. E. perrotteti Guer. (Vol. 10, p. 253, pi. 24 d). A species that occurs in India proper. Forewings black

vitli white longitudinal band and rose coloured hindwings with 3 black submarginal spots having yellow
surrounds. According to information kindly supplied by Dr. Reich, Berlin, same occurs on Mount Kufri, Simla,
Punjab, and therefore also probably penetrates into palaearctic territory.

imbuici. E. imbuta 11 hr. (Vol. 10, p. 254, pi. 24 c). The same remarks apply to this species as to the preceding

one. Its usual habitat is N. W. India and a form of same occurs at Sikkim. It is now also known to occur
on Mount Kufri, Simla.

Pull. 3. I. 1934.

I’ll Y PAR I A — ASOTA. By M. Gaede. 281

60. Genus: Hthypjiria Him.

R. purpurata L. (p. 82) — ab. extrema Bandermann has pale light yellow forewings with scarcely extrema.
discernible shaded spots, hindwings faintly suffused with pale rose and with grey spots. — subsp. callunae Mautz calhinae.
denotes the small north german heath form with richly coloured ochreous forewings with a faint reddish hue.

Spots are small, dark grey-brown to black. Hindwings intensively red including the fringes with enlarged
black spots. This form is said to differ from obscura Rehbg., which is stated to be an aberration of this sub¬
species with black spots. For reasons of priority this heath race (not subspecies!) should be named obscura
Rehbg., callunae being at the best an insignificant form of same with paler spots.

64. Genus: Pericallia Hbn.

P. picta Wkr. (Vol. 10, p.255, pi. 24 e). According to information kindly supplied by Dr. Reich, pUta.
this species, that has hitherto only be known to occur in S. China, is also found at Simla, Punjab and there¬
fore not very far from the palaearctic boundary. It should be classified after matronula.

68. Genus: J*reparct!a limps.

To be added to P. buddenbroclci Kotzsch. (Suppl. Vol. 2, p. 85): — biedermanni 0. B.-H. This form biederman-
has hindwings and abdomen red instead of yellow; spots of hindwings are larger and there is a narrow trans¬
verse band behind the central cell spot. S. W. Kansu, Minshan, captured in July at an altitude of 3000 m.

69. Genus: Arctfa Schrk.

A. villica L. (p. 87) — ab. wanibachi Goltz denominates a specimen that is normal on right side, but ivambachi.
left side is unicolourous sooty black and thus a pathological form.

71. Genus: Clallimorplin Latr.

C. dominula L. (Vol. 2, p. 101). — Dr. Reich describes a genuine melanic specimen, that has no dommula.
metallic sheen and which looks somewhat like a small Axiopoena maura. It is of normal size and markings are
entirely obscured. It was captured in nature in E. Prussia and the specimen is now in his collection and
will very shortly be described and illustrated.

C. principalis Roll. (Vol. 2, p. 102, pi. 18 g) — ladakensis Reich is of the same size and form as ladakensis.
equitalis, forewings faintly metallic green, spots ivory white. Hindwings bright yellow with orange suffusion,
the black spots fainter and more widely separated, the veins only very faintly dusted with black. Abdomen
more extensively red, scarcely any black spots. From Leh (Ladak), captured by the dutch Karakorum ex¬
pedition in July at an altitude of 3700 m.

71a. Genus: ]Aeoeliel<mia Draes.

p. 89, line 4 from below. N. bieti Oberth. — minscham 0. B.-H. Forewings with larger white apical minschani.
spot, hindwings with much reduced markings, discal spot almost extinct and marginal markings quite absent.

In the d bands of forewings are separated. Minshan in Kansu, July. — hoenei 0. B.-H . Band of forev/ings is hoenei.
not conjoined with outer marginal band, spots of hindwings are wider and bolder. Chekiang, Hangchow, in
May at an altitude of 1500 m.

Additionally we have to mention the Genus Asota, that had hitherto not been found in palaearctic
territory :

Genus: Asota Hbn. (Vol. 10, p. 227)

A. paliura Swh. (Vol. 10, p. 231, pi. 28 c). According to information from Dr. Reich he has in his paliura.
collection 3 palaearctic specimens of this species, 2 of same from Szechuan and 1 from the Watusi Pass
in Thibet.

A. plana lacteata Btlr. (Vol. 10, p. 233, pi. 28 g) Dr. Reich also has 1 palaearctic specimen of this lacteata.
species from the Punjab.

On plate 6 f we are still giving an illustration of Eucharia casta lutea Schultz (with the designation lutea.
“flam"), which was mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 80 and of which unfortunately the illustration wras omitted there.

Supplementary Vol. 2

36

282

DASYCHIRA; ORGYIA; AROA. By M. Gaede.

Family: lymantriidae.

3. Genus: Dasychira Steph.

Vol. 2, p. ] 13. D. pudibunda L. The denomination arakawae Mods, is probably synonymous it denotes

a dwarf specimen, described from Shikoku. ‘

lcralvtonis. p 95 line 6 from top. D. fascelim L. A $ from Saghalin described as karafutor.is Mats, has the

T and outer,llnes only cIearly marked ab°™ ‘he median nervure. Hindwings are of the same colour
as forewmgs. such as is the case in the ?. As the colour is subject to variation this does not imply much
A $ with grey-white colour, only slightly darker than nivalis Stgr., which is in the Pungeler collection
also has the bands only retained m the anterior half. It was captured at Berisal.

„ , , lin® 16 from D- “""/™ Scriba. The author himself withdraws the denomination

Mats. (p. 9b) as it is synonymous.

D tnmacula Scriba (p 9(5). This name may eventually be withdrawn in favour of nachiensis Mar
which is the older name and if the latter is not exclusively described in Japanese. — In regard to establishing
' the lde;^y ot these two names, Matsumura also mentions the species flava Mats., which we have hitherto
omitted from this Supplement, as no description was available. It differs from trimacula $ (pi 8 a) merely
by havin§ a complete band on hindwings, that is wide near inner margin and then suddenly contracts in
a corresponding way to the decrease m size of the isolated spots of trimacula. Described from Kyoto.

p. 97, line 5 from top. D. nagoyana Mats. $ grey-white. Forewings peppered with dark scales, faintly
niai ved. A somewhat interrupted dark outer band and submarginal band, both parallel to one another and
becoming indistinct towards inner margin. The space between same is whitish. Separated from the two bands
and before same on costa, there are 2 dark spots. Hindwings somewhat darker than forewings. The sub¬
marginal band is rather wider than on forewings, only distinct at anal angle. Both wings have a faint spot
at disco-cellular, fringes black and white checked. $ 46 mm. Honslio (Japan)

tiara

nagoyana.

sachalinen-

B. sachalinensis Mats. Probably very similar to abietis Schiff. (Vol. 2, p. 113, pi. 19 a). in a forewinos

V-whitfi wilb hlaolr a r»lr in rva linA _ 1. 21 1 1 t t .

are grey-white with black markings. Basal 'line undulate, not dentate.' Timer linVhicur ved ^ at bestir notT
straight as 111 abietis. Anterior to same on inner margin there is a “c” shaped spot. The lunule at disco-
cellular nervure and the outer line are about as in abietis. The submarginal line is dentate, grey-white out-
wardiy and without the dentation inwardly above vein 2. Fringes with black spots. Hindwings dark brown,
n the x. the forewing is grey and the marking of the lines varies somewhat. The inner line is angulated below
t he costa as 111 abietis, thence more obliquely to inner margin. The subbasal line is parallel to the inner
line. Spot on disco-cellular as in abietis. The outer line is double, both with outer grey-white edge. The
inner branch protrudes to centre of disco -cellular nervure, otherwise it is undulate and about parallel to outer
margin. Margin is dark brown. Hindwings grey-white, a spot is indicated on disco-cellular. 42 -55 mm
oaghahn. I he larva feeds on Abies and Picea plants and does considerable damage

D; Vseudabietis Btlr. In Vol. 2, p. 113 argentata Btlr. from Japan is enumerated as a form of this
species. According to Matsumura argentata should be classified with pudibunda L

, T D- ni?™ Hmps is dealt with in Vol. 10, p. 294, pi. 38 e, but besides occurring in India, it is reported
jiom Japan m Hokkaido and Honslio. The Genus Chibidokuga Mats, has been created for this species.

o. Genus: 0.

manchuri- p 97, line 23 from top. 0. antiqua L. The form manchurica Mats, is said to differ from the type

• form by the absence of the white spot on the outer line near inner margin. The illustration, which is not
satisfactory, shows a white spot even though same is reduced in size. Besides the spot at disco-cellular nervure
is more distinct and hindwings are darker than forewings. Described from 2 from Manchuria

7. Genus: Aroa Wkr.

coreana’ , P- 9f>’ line 18 from t0P- A- coreana Mats. Very similar to jankowskii Oberth. (Vol. 2. pi 19 d) and
probably only a form of same. The subbasal band does not vary. The inner band has a wliite-grey edge on
both sides and if the original illustration is correct, it is more boldly incurved above the median nervure
to costa The dash at disco -cellular nervure is distinct. The outer and submarginal lines are formed as in
jankowskii, but here the former is also dark and the space between same is darkly dusted. Besides there is
a dark marginal line, which is not so spotted as in the original illustration of jankowskii. where in fact same
may he quite absent, Hindwings black-brown. 33 mm. Described from 1 £ from Corea.

LAELIA ; NUMENES; LYMANTRIA; MAIMAIA. By M. Gaede. 283

A. janhowshii Oberth. should be classified in this Genus and not in Cifuna (Vol. 2, p. 121). Aroa
nigrofascia Wilem. (Vol. 10, pi. 42 g) from Formosa is said to be the same species.

9. Genus: I^aella Steph.

L. suzukii Mats. Thorax and forewings pale brownish white. Hindwings and abdomen grey-white, suzuldi.
Forewings without gloss and devoid of markings. $ 39 mm. Kyoto.

16. Genus: Humenes Wkr.

N. disparilis Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 126, pi. 20 c). The form hayashii Mats, is synonymous with biseparata Strd.

18. Genus: (Cymantria Him.

p. 100, line 4 from below. L. dispar L. (Vol. 2, p. 127, pi. 20 d). Under this species in Vol. 2, the form
fumida Btlr. was mentioned. According to Matsumtjra this is a genuine species, as the larva is of quite a dif¬
ferent appearance. It is not rare around Tokio, but rather local in its distiibution. As in Vol. - onl\ the
original description was given and as through the kindness of Messrs Stag dinger and Bang-Haas a large
number of specimens from Yokohama has been submitted to me, I am now giving a fresh description:

9 differs from dispar by the faint red edges to segments of abdomen and the ovipositor. Thorax and fore¬
wings grey-brown. The dark inner line commencing at one-quarter of length of costa proceeds straightly
obliquely outwards to the submedian fold, there it is angulated and extends in an arc to inner margin, the
terminal spot being below the angle. The disco-cellular mark is black. The dusky outer line commences at
three-quarters of length of costa runs obliquely outwards to vein 5, thence parallel to outer margin, projecting
widely on the veins. Posterior to same 2-3 blackish spots extending obliquely inwards from near apex and
pointing towards the outer line. Beyond same there are large white lunules and black spots commencing at
vein 2. A dark marginal band on deep buff hindwings. The AS which are not in such a perfect condition,
have smoky dusky brown forewings. Only a blackish discal lunule and a boldly dentate white outer line are
distinct. The latter has a blackish outer edge behind the cell and above the inner margin. Hindwings and
abdomen darker than in $. 38 — 64 mm.

p. 101, line 15 from top. L. bantaisana Mats. Body grey, forewings rather more darkly dusted, ground bantaisana.
colour probably grey-white (this is not mentioned) markings dusky brown. Inner line slightly undulate, some¬
what obliquely outwards, straight. It is intersected by a black dash, that extends to below base of vein 2.

At disco- cellular nervure there are only black dots, such as occasionally also occur in L. dispar. Outer line
delicately marked in A projecting in dentations on veins. The curves below and above vein 2 and above
vein 5 are rather more pronounced. In the $ the outer line is diffuse, undulate, widely edged with white out¬
wardly. Submarginal line indicated by diffuse patches in A and $. Hindwings in A with wide diffuse sub¬
marginal band; hindwings of $ dark but rather paler towards base. 50—68 mm. Honslio. The species is
said to be similar to D. obsoleta Wkr. from Formosa (Vol. 10, p. 321, pi. 41 d).

L. destituta Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 129, pi. 21 a). The form maraschi Dan. from turkish Syria (S. E. Asia marascM.
Minor) is much more darkly suffused with dark grey, so that the transverse bands are very indistinct and hind¬
wings are dusky buff with a 2 mm wide dark band extending over the entire length of the outer margin. This
band is also visible on underside and is the characteristic of this form. 33 48 mm. It occurs in - geneiations,

in the summer brood the marginal band is narrower. — lapidicola H.-Schdff. and its forms are very similar to
destituta, but in the latter the abdomen is always yellow-grey and without the reddish colouration of the lapidicola

forms. ,

L. minomonis Mats. Pale grey with red patagia. Forewings with black-brown markings. I lie sub- mmomoms

basal, inner, outer and submarginal lines all very dentate. The outer line double, this however is not risible
in the original illustration. Submarginal line is the boldest. The inner line, cell spot and lunular spot about
as in L. monacha. The dentations of the outer line are less pronounced than those of inner line. The den¬
tations extend along veins 3 and 4 equally far outwards. The arc behind the lunular spot only slightly ex-
curved. On submarginal only the arcs between veins 4 and 6 extend further inwards, the one or ei rein <
being less deep. The black marginal spots are small. Hindwings with diffuse narrow dark band. A 44 mm.

Osaka

L. takamukui Nag. All that can be said of this species is that it is like the preceding. The outer takamukui
and submarginal lines are less dentate and the dentations are more regular. Only one arc of the outer line
projects fairly far inwards on the submedian fold. A 52 mm. Honsho.

Vol. 2, p. 133. After the Genus Albarracina Stgr. should be entered:

(21a). Genus: Maimaia Mats.

Similar to Lymantria. In forewings veins 5 and 6 are bent downwards, further / + 10 X 8 X 9
are stalked. In hindwings vein 5 arises very far forwards. Palpi long and thin.

284

LYMANTRIIDAE ; LASCIOCAMPIDAE. By M. Gaede.

furva.

inner lin^ommefceTat ^rd lengthrfoo^U ^ilSth ?c ^ Waok Averse lines. The

2. proceeding then straight Wari b“8 °f

vein 6, then dentate to vein 4 diffusing below «,omP Q i ni , ^ths of costa obliquely outwards to
white inner edge on the submedian fold Hindwin i T M1 1 ;l sharply marked deep dart inwards with
3 is reddish brown on botlTwiTs 1 vrev 7flndlMo“k"' Both wings very transparent. The
angle and opposite same the dart oft e ,°1 "gS * ' ,bT °f ce"' 0f the W line only the

vein 6. 2 Ase mm. Japam CMna lbe ^ hne “* reta“d “d besides «« a few black scales at

24. Genus : Porthesia Steph.

Vol. 2, p. 134, line 15 from below. P. similis Fvessl iVnl 9 „i 01 -\ \ ^ tx- h

in Hokkaido.

25. Genus: Euproctis #6n.

line and fringes ydW. HhXh^s' newme Veins, marginal
dusted on abdomen. $ 40 mm. Corea. ‘ 1 outer margin. Body yellow, duskily

"”ra'"'S' duskily smffiStd T? ^ ?, * 5 “ ^ *>“ Swings are completely

are predominantly yellow. * ^ ^ “"*» * b°‘b

Family: Lasciocampidae.

2. Genus: ^fialac*o.s<»]iia Him.

~ ^ere /sEH an 1st “frrm:^ — ted on p. 110,

brown ground colour as the ° and tfrtran0™ro0i' , , ^ ' dus has almost the same reddish

takamukui. occurs everywhere. - Also takamukui Mats, described fromT ^L°m Kyushu f ^

third. The form inZ u TS S » f T T I’l'6 ^ Wnd™«s th. outer one-

ChAELES. The forms are probably identical Also Tn LZ^Ll nL^ionn “ t o1“e fouTd Tt l^ LE
With wider lines (formosana Mats.). tound- Tt 1S Pale grey

5. Genus: Eriogaster Germ

=“ —£=' a sx

Genus: tSaaiaclas^s Gaede (p 112)

Bllr. There seems verv little"doubt ih i r ,1 , , * “S species llo"'ever is (i Chrostogastria ) brevivenis

seems very little doubt about it that yatsvgadakensis and few*** are one and the same species.

12. Genus: Scleitcpliora

Rmb.

add: sacha!tan:irAf8a*.0”hetnWer I'TTouS *T, ^ ~ s,il1 to

«»• little from seitd 0. B.-H. Saghahn 18 Wldel-V whlte' The *«™ Probably differs

LASCIOCAMPIDAE; LEMONIIDAE. By M. Gaede.

285

Genus: SeHzisi Scriba.

On p. Ill the question was raised as to whether Crinocraspeda miyakei Wilem. might possibly be
identical with Seitzia plumigera (p. 118). According to Matsumura this is actually the case. The Genus
should be named Takanea Nag. and miyakei retained as the specific name, as it is the older. Its correct
classification is next to the Selenephora.

15. Genus: Gastropacliai 0.

p. 119. line 5 from top. G. quercifolia L. luteobasalis Niep. is almost as dark on upperside as the form U.teobasa
alnijolia 0. and the transverse lines are very distinct. Oh hindwings however the base, almost to centre of
wing is orange-yellow and very sharply outlined. This form was obtained in a number of bred specimens.

p. 119, line 14 from top. G. populifolia Esp. The form jjapanica Mats, differs from typical specimens by jcipanica.
having bolder rows of dots. Also the central dorsal line of thorax is wider. Described horn one from
Shikoku.

17. Genus: Odonestis Germ.

0. brevivenis Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 170, pi. 27 f). According to Matsumura the description and illustration
of this species in Vol. 2, p. 170. pi. 27 f, refers to some Arguda species.

18. Genus: ©endroliimis Germ.

p 122. line 21 from below. Of D. pini L. so far only european-asiatic forms have been known, at- atlaniica.
lantica Le Cerj from the Central Atlas is remarkable merely on account of its foodplant. The larvae feed on
Cedars, as no Pinus trees grow in that district. Forewings ^grey-white, dusted with black, central line finely
drawn and indistinct ; the next line also fine, but more distinct. Marginal line very dentate on veins, reduced
in size and forming black lunules between veins 4 and 5 and between vein 2 and inner margin. The coloui
between this line and the preceding one, above and below the projecting angle of the outei line, is chocolate
brown. A black basal streak, iy2— 2 mm wide, proceeds from base over the white cell spot to the second
transverse line. Outer margin black-brown. The ground is palest between the first and second transverse
lines, intersected by dusky brown scales along the veins. Hindwings deep reddish brown.

19. Genus: (Pacliypasa Wkr.

p. 123, line 11 from below: P. otus Drury (Vol. 2, p. 174, pi. 28 e, f). fulvescens Kotzsch denotes a few fulvescens.
single Syrian specimens <$ and $ that are larger. Forewings are darker, hindwings more reddish, thorax
without the lighter patch in centre. One can therefore say that in this new form, both sexes resemble large
dalmatian 2$.

8. Faanily: Lemonisdae.

1. Genus: fjemoiiia Hbn.

p. 127. L. sacrosancta Pnglr. (Vol. 2, p. 182) is described from Palestine. Specimens from Marash
(S. E. Asia Minor) vary slightly. The marginal area is often paler than the basal area. Central spot is dark
brown and occasionally enlarged and always with pale circumscription.

L. balcanica H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 182, pi. 30 a). The form anatolica Wagner from Aksheliir (Asia anatolica.

Minor) has a triangular or trapeziform central spot on forewings, no lunular mark like european specimens.

Among the specimens submitted to me were 2 specimens in which the inner area was paler, the marginal

area pale chestnut brown. These are named brunneomarginata Wagner. brunneo-

r marginaia.

p. 127, line 12 from below. L. peilei Rothsch. Similar to pia Pnglr. (pi. 10 f) but larger, the wings peilei.
more elongate. Body dark yellow-brown. Forewings pointed with protruding apex. Costa indented, brilliant
reddish yellow. Ground colour pale chocolate brown. A dark brown spot in cell, with paler reddish circum¬
scription. Submarginal band with dentation inwards, yellowish. Hindwings pale chocolate brown. Central
band, margin and fringes yellow. Mesopotamia.

286

SPHINGIDAE; N OTODONTIDAE ; CYMATOPHORIDAE; PSYCHIDAE.

Family: SphSngidae.

By B. Gehlen.

p. 138, line 19 from top: eburnea is an aberration of increta and not of menephron.

1 o • P* 15°’ hne 17 from heloy- rUnder CeL euphorbiae ab. ruhlii (not ruhili) Bdm. it was stated that ab
dossi Hann was synonymous to this form. This is not the case, ab. clossi is a separate aberration that varies
symmetrically and not mereiy one-sided as stated on p. 150. The mistake arose through the illustration in

n S>s^at^llst ofthe MacrolepidoPtera of the Berlin District’ J by A. Gloss and E. Hannemann (Berlin-
ah em 18 17. Verl. Dents ch. Entomol. Ges.). In ab. clossi the bar between the transverse oblique band and
basal spot on forewings is much wider than in ab. ruhlii- it almost extends in width to the large costal
spot and contrary to the form ab. ruhlii it is wider at basal spot than at oblique band.

, , P' !551 ]jne 22 from t0P' As the deferences of the palaearctic acteus from the indian specimens seem

to be purely individual, a separate subspecies is not justified. 1 ’ H

17. Family: Notodontidae.

By M. Gaede.

p. 290 (Uf)1'6 n°W able t0 glVe an iUustration of Wilemania (Stauropus) bidentatus Wil. described in Vol. 2,

27. Genus:

si a Hbn.

, , 0. ear mehta Esp. In Vol. 2, p. 306 nordlandica Strd. is enumerated as a subform of this species Whilst

the description was connect it should have been placed with LoPh. camelina, as was done by Strand ‘ PfxoE-
er seems to have made a further mistake, as m his collection under nordlandica he has classified a specimen
noctumalis. m his carrnehta series, that is actually nocturnalis Stick. Through this incorrect classification I was misled
V ( onudei nocturnalis as synonymous with nordlandica and the denomination of the specimen in Suppl Vol 2
pi. lie was incorrectly given as nordlandica instead of nocturnalis. There are therefore two quite separate
forms m or way : camehna-nordlandica and carmelita-nocturnalis .

medio ni (fra.

hoerburgeri.

13. Family: Cymatophoridae.

By Dr. A. Seitz.

9. Genus: Polypi oca Hbn.

p. 192, line 20 from top. Under flavicornis L. we still have to enumerate ab. tnedioni'ra Hoi from
Bisamberg near Vienna, denominating a 5 that has a widely dark central area. * ’’

sent rw 1!’V‘ne k/r0m bel0W' P- hoerburgeri Sdmw. is close to flavicornis. but the two stigmata are ab¬
sent, Colouration of forewings is a violet-grey, the basal area of costa is silvery white, the black transverse

aseh raSyfa“f A, T tY “ ~ Projecting dentation. The int”*

1 . ‘I aPea ™ Abdomen paler than 111 flamcorms. On underside the transverse stripe that in llavi

vTaXlot7 y mMked °n fOTeWi,,gS' " eC1Ua"'V "’eH on both wings. £m 2 “^from

Family: Psyehidae.

By Dr. E. Wehrlt.

libanolica.

Subfamily Fumeinae.

p. 224, hne 15 from top. After syriaca Rbl. should be added:
F. iibanotica Zerny. Very close to F.

V r # • vlVOW/ -i- V (7 V I J.11 luo V_l

denseness of the scaling, but differs by the smaller size (wing expanse
of pectinations to antennae of (12—13 as against 18

syriaca Rbl. in its dusky brown wing colouration and the

9.5 mm) and by the smaller number

in syriaca). Body black-br

rown,

wings with faint

SYNANTHEDON; DIPSOSPHECIA; CHAMAESPHECIA; COSSUS. By M. Gaede.

287

metallic gloss, legs somewhat paler. Sac small, decorated with grass stalks, not differing much from those
of allied species. On the wing at end of June. Bjarre, Lebanon. Probably only a mountain form of the
preceding species.

24. Family: Aegeriidae.

6. Genus: Syuantlieilon Him.

S. talisehensis Bril. (16 f). We are now able to give an illustration of this species that was newly de- talischcnsis.
scribed in Vol. 2, p. 386. — Further we are in a position to give a picture of S. melliniformis Lasp. (16 i).

7. Genus: DJpsosphecia Splr.

We are also glad to be able to give an illustration of the species D. roseiventris Brtl. which was
first described in Yol. 2, p. 393 (16 f). — Similarly of I), barbara Brtl. (16 h).

8. Genus: Cliamaespliecfa Splr.

The illustration of this Genus in Vol. 2 can now be amplified by the illustration of Ch. icteropus
unicolor Bag. (16 i). See Vol. 2, p. 398. unicolor.

25. Family: Cossidae.

2. Genus: Cossus F.

C. osthelderi Daniel. Wing contour wider, apex more truncate than in C. cossus. Body and forewings osthelderi.
pale, abdomen sleek, collar merely as a black fringe, without yellow edge. Markings vary exceedingly, all
striations also on hindwings, more distinct owing to the paler ground colour, central area of forewings more
richly striated with black. 50 — 55 mm. North Amanus.

C. tablai Dumont. Not compared by the author to any known species. Thorax black, abdomen ochreous tablai.
brown, only the 2 first segments whitish. Forewings pale grey with black striations that are particularly
dense at base, at inner margin and to half-way along costa. From there to apex striations are still more
prominent as they stand out on whiter ground. Ground colour consists of irregular patches of white to
ochreous red. The largest patches are above the inner part of vein 1, in the cell and around the base of vein
2, where there is one patch on either side. A large white patch from vein 6 to costa, beyond same there
are 5 more to the apex. There are black spots on costa from which the reticular lines spread, these are
most dense over the centre of the inner margin, least dense in outer marginal area. Except for the white sub¬
costal nervure, all the veins are blackish. Base and anal angle whitish. Hindwings unicolourous grey, paler
at base. $ 64 mm. Tahla (Morocco). The larva feeds in a species of Acacia.

Alphabetical List

with references to the original descriptions of the forms mentioned in the Addenda of Supplementary Volume 2.

* indicates that the form is also illustrated in the place cited.

acumine Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. Vol. IX, 1930, VIII,
p. 19.

agilis Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 227. *
araoena Zyg. (modesta) Bgff. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1914,
p. 59.

araoena Zyg'. (viridis) Holik Iris 1932, p. 121.
analielongata Zyg. (exulans) Vorbr. Tessin, u. Mis. Schmett.
1931. p. 380. '

analielongata Zyg. (teriolensis) Vorbr. Tessin, u. Mis. Schmett.
1931, p. 381.'

anatelica Sem. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 367.
anatolica Synt. Zerny Iris 45 (1931), p. 3.
angliea Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 344, 359.
anzascana Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. IX, 1930,
VIII, p. 21.

Index of original descriptions of forms enumerated in the Addenda.

28S

apicalieoni'luens Zyg. (teriolensis) Vorbr. Tessiner und Mis.
Schmett. 1931, p. 381.

apicalielongata Zvg. (exulans) Vorbr. Tessin, u. Mis. Schmett.
1931, p. 380.

azona Zyg. (viridis) Holilc Iris 1932, p. 121.

azona Zyg. (caliacrae) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 99.

bantaisana Lym. Mats. Insecta Matsumur. 7, p. 134. *
biedermanni Prep. O. B.-H. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1932), p.263.
brunnea Zyg. Bgff. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1914, p. 53.
brunneomarginata Lem. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 367.

caeruleochsenheimeri Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital . Yol
IX, 1930, VIII, p. 22.

caledonensis Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p, 341, 359. *
caledoniae Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. IX, 1930,
VIII, p. 20.

caledonica Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931. p. 341, 359. *
caliacrae Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 98.
caliacrensis Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 97.
callunae Rhyp. Mautz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 49.
carnlca Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. IX, 1930, VIII

p. 11.

centrialgeria Zyg. Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 255.
christophi Zyg. Stgr. Rom. M4m. Ldp. Ill, 1887, p. 173. *
cicaleti Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. IX, 1930, VIII,

p. 18.

cingulata Zyg. (caliacrensis) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931,
p. 98.

cingulata Zyg. (kijevana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 113.
cingulata Zyg. (stauderi) Holik Iris 1932, p. 119.
citrina Zyg. (kalkanensis) Reiss Ent. Rundschau 1932, p. 167.
confluens Zyg. (libani) Dziurz. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1908, p. 45.
contluens Zyg. (caliacrensis) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931,
p. 98.

contluens Zyg. (christophi) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 357.
confluens Zyg. (coreana) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 358. *
confluens Zyg. (rebeli) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 274.
confluens Zyg. (merzbacheri) Shelj. Revue Russe Ent. 1909,
p. 385.

confluens Zyg. (petsherskensis) Holik Iris 1932, p. 126.
confluens Zyg. (sheljuzhkoiana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 128.
confluens Zyg. (stauderi) Holik Iris 1932, p. 119.
confluens Zyg. (sylvana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 116.
confluens Zyg. (viridis) Holik Iris 1932, p. 121.
confluenta Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1927, p. 200
coreacola Forth. Mats. Insect. Matsumur. 7, p. 148.
coreana Ar. Mats. Insect. Matsumur. 7, p. 111.
coreana Mai. Mats. Insect. Matsumur. 7, p. 49.
coreana Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 358. *
costalielongata Zyg. (sheljuzhkoiana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 128.
costalielongata Zyg. (exulans) Vorbr. B’flies of Switz. 1913,
p. 257.

cracoviensis Zyg. Holik Iris 1932, p. 111. *
crassimaculata Zyg. (viridis) Holik Iris 1932, p. 121.
cytisi Zyg. (petsherskensis) Holik Iris 1932, p. 126.

dealbata Zyg. Reiss Ent. Rundschau 1933, p. 170.
dolesckalli Zyg. (sheljuzhkoiana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 128.
dsidsilia Zyg. Frr. Neue Beitrage VI, p. 136. *

erythroides Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 112. *
excelsior Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. IX, 1930, p. 11. |
extrema Rhyp. Brim. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1932), p. 99.

falleriana Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 111.' *
flava Das. Mats. Thous. Ins. Jap. Add. 4, p. 865. *
flava Zyg. (stauderi) Holik Iris 1932, p. 119.
flava Zyg. (suevica) Reiss, Reiss Zyg. Deutschlands 1926, p. 34. |
flaveola Zyg. (rhaeticola) Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2,
p. 272.

flavopraetexta Zyg. (stauderi) Holik Iris 1932, p. 119.
freyeriana Zyg. Reiss Ent. Rundschau 1933, p. 221. *
frigidochsenheimeri Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent, Ital., Vol. IX, !
1930, VIII, p. 22.

fulvescens Pach. Kotzsch Int. Ent, Ztschr. 25, p. 440.

fulvia Zyg. F. Gener. Insect. 1777, p. 275.

fnrva Maim. Leech Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. 1888, p. 631. *

hadjinensis Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p.342, 359. *
handel-inazzettii Synt. Zerny Iris 45 (1931), p. 2.
hibernica Zyg. Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 249.
lmenei Neocli. O. B.-H. Entom. Ztschr. 46 (1932), p.263.

irpenjensis Zyg. Holik & Reiss Iris 1932, p. 114. *
italaparva Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent, Ital.. Vol. IX, 1930,
VIII, p. 14. ' ’

japonica Gastr. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 44.

kalkanensis Zyg. Reiss Entom. Rundscli. 1932, p. 166. *
kan Eupr. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 126. *
karafutonis Das. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 116.
kiewensis Zyg. Reiss Iris 1932, p. 130.
kijevana Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 112. *
kolbi Zyg. Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 255.
kricheldorffi Zyg. Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2. p. 252.
kulzeri Zyg. Reiss Int, Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 273. *
kuronis Eupr. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 128. *

ladakensis Call. Reich Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 234.
latemarginata Zyg. (purpuralis) Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 9
p. 249. 1 1 ’

laticlavia Zyg. (caliacrae) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931. p. 99.
lincata Zyg. Reiss Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 253. *
lismorica Zyg. Reiss Int, Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 345, 359 *
lugdunensis Zyg. (agilis) Bgff. Mitt, Miinch. Ent, Ges. 1914.
p. 53.

lusitaniaemixta Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent, Ital., Vol. IX
1930, VIII, p. 25.

luteobasalis Gastr. Niep. Int, Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 301.
luteseens Zyg. (hibernica) Tutt Brit. Lep. I, 1899, p. 434.

maneliurica Org. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 142. *
maraschi Lym. Dan. Mitt, Miinch. Ent. Ges. 22, p. 15.
margelanensis Zyg. Reiss Ent. Rundschau 1933, p. 151. *
melas Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 116. *
menaggia Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 113. *
merzbacheri Zyg. Reiss Ent. Rundschau 1933, p. 162. *
minomonis Lym. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 137. *
minschani Neoch. O. B.-H. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1932), p.263.
monacensis Zyg. Dan. Osthelder’s Schmett. Siidb. (1932)

1, p. 577. *

nagoyana Das. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 119.
nebulosa Micr. Reich Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 234
nigrodorsata Spil. Reich Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p.233.
nobilis Zyg. Reiss Ent. Rundschau 1933, p. 144. *

oblongamacula Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent, Ital., Vol. IX, 1930,
VIII, p. 28.

omniconfluens Zyg. (sylvana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 116.
omniconfluens Zyg. (pythia) Vorbr. B’flies of Switz. 1913,
p. 250.

omniconfluens Zyg. (teriolensis) Vorbr. Tessiner und Misoxer
Schmett, 1931, p. 381.

oribasus Zyg. H.-Schaff. Schmett. Eur. 2, p. 46. *
osthelderi Coss. Dan. Mitt. Miinch. Ent, Ges. 22, p. 95.

paradoxa Zyg. Michalk Int. Ent, Ztschr. 1931, p. 262. *
parvimaculata Zyg. (pythia) Vorbr. B’flies of Switz. 1913,

p. 251.

parvimaculata Zyg. (teriolensis) Vorbr. Tessiner und Misoxer
Schm. 1931, p. 381.

paupera Zyg. (berolineiisis) Guhn Krancher’s Ent, Jahrb. 1932.
p. 96.

peilei Lem. Rothsch. Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. 28, p. 147.
petsherskensis Zyg. Holik & Reiss Iris 1932, p. 126. *
peucedano-loniceroides Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1933, p. 27.
pfeifferi Er. Dan. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 22, p. 15.
pfeifferi Zyg. Reiss Int, Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 273. *
pimpinellae Zyg. Guhn K rancher’s Ent. Jahrb. 1932, p. 89.
podolica Zyg. Holik Iris 1932, p. 132. *
polonia Zyg. Przeg. Ent, Ztschr. 1933, p. 27. *
praematura Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 116. *
privata Zyg. (sheljuzhkoiana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 128.
pseudoapennina Zyg. (berolinensis) Guhn Krancher’s Ent,
Jahrb. 1932, p. 96.

pseudoberolinensis Zyg. (viridis) Holik Iris 1932, p. 121.
pseudocambysea Zyg. Reiss Int, Ent, Ztschr. 1932, p. 276.*
pseudochristophi Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 358.
pseudodystrepta Zyg. (punctum) Reiss Int, Ent, Ztschr. 1931,
p. 97.

pseudofaustula Zyg. Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 272.
pseudofelix Zyg. Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 272.
pseudokispaniea Zyg. (confluenta) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1927,
p. 290.

Publ. 23. IT. 1934.

Index of original descriptions of forms enumerated in the Addenda

289

pseudoleonliardi Zyg. (berolinensis) Gulin , Ivrancher’s Ent.
Jahrb. 1932, p. 96.

pseudomauretanica Zyg. Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2,p. 272.
pseudomeliloti Zyg. Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 275.
pythia Zyg. F. Glen. Insect. (1777), p. 275.

quadrimaculata Zyg. (meliloti) Gulin Krancher’s Ent. Jahrb.
1932.

quadripuncta Zyg. (tamara). Reiss Int. Ent. Ztsclir. 1932,
p. 491. *

quinquemaculata Zyg. (christophi) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr.

1931, p. 357.

quinquemaculata Zyg. (niphona) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931,
p. 357.

rebeli Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 275. *
redliclii Zyg. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1892, p. 8.
rubicundilormis Zyg. Vrty. Mem, Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. IX,
1930, VIII, p. 12.

rubrianata Zyg. (pusztae) Bgff. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1906, p. 154.
rubrianata Zyg. (stauderi) Holik Iris 1932, p. 119.
rubrianata Zyg. (sylvana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 116.
rubricosta Zyg. (berolinensis) Gulin, Krancher’s Ent. Jahrb.

1932, p. 96.

rubroabdominalis Zyg. (caliacrae) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931,
p. 99.

rubrotecta Zyg. (kijevana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 113.

sachalinensis Das. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 121.
sachalinensis Sel. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p, 52.
sareptensis Zyg. Krul. Societ. Entom. 1897, p. 1.
sarothamni Zyg. Gulin, Krancher’s Ent. Jahrb. 1932, p. 92.
scabiosoides Zyg. (kricheldorffi) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931,

p. 111. *

schmidti Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 112. *
schneideri Zyg. Reiss Ent. Bundschau 1932, p. 166. *
scovitzii Zyg. (oribasus) Stgr. Stett. Ent. Zg, 1887, p. 75.
sebdouensis Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 117. *
securigera Zyg. (viridis) Holik Iris 1932, p. 121.
securigera Zyg. (caliacrae) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931, p. 99.
segregata Zyg. (fausta) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 124.
sexmaculata Zyg. (rebeli) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 274. *

sexmaculata Zyg. (achilleae) Vorbr. Tessin, u. Mis. Schmett.
1931, p. 380!

sexpunctata Zyg. (nigrina) Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1931
p. 345.

sheljuzhkoiana Zyg. Holik <fe Reiss Iris 1932, p. 127. *
sliwenensis Zyg. Reiss Ent. Rundschau 1933, p. 147. *
sogdiana Zyg. Ersch. Fedtscli. Reise 1874, p. 27. *
sordida Ocnog. Igel Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 293.
stauderi Zyg. Holik & Reiss Iris 1932, p. 118. *
staudingeriana Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 270. *
subviridis Zyg. Holik Iris 1932, p. 120. *
suzukii Lael. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 134.
sylvana Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 112. *

tab'lai Coss. Dum. Livre Cent. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 698.
takamukui Mai. Mats. Ins. Matsumur. 7, p. 49.
takamukui Lym. Nag. Ins. World 22, p. 411.
taslikentensis Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 125, 230. *
taurinorum Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. IX, 1930,
VIII, p. IV

teneuuco Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital., Vol. IX, 1930, VIII,
p. 19.

totirubra Zyg. (ramburi) Reiss, Seitz Macrolep. Suppl. 2, p. 276.
tricingulata Zyg. (sylvana) Holik Iris 1932, p. 116.
tricolor Zyg. (dsidsilia) Reiss Ent. Rundschau 1933, p. 208. *
tripuncta Zyg. (trifolii) Gulin, Krancher’s Ent. Jahrb. 1932,
p. 91.

turkmenica Zyg. Reiss Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 490. *

! tusca Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. Vol. IX, 1930, VIII,
p. 14.

| tuscamodica Zyg. Vrty. Mem. Soc. Ent., Ital. Vol. IX, 1930,
VIII, p. 18. ‘

ukraina Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Z. 1932, p. 117. *
uralensis Zyg. H.-Schaff. Schmett. Eur. II, p. 34. *

vellayi Zyg. (modesta) Bgff. Lep. Cat. 1926, p. 40.
viridis Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 113. *
vogesiaca Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1932, p. 116. *
vozea Zyg. Przeg. Ent. Ztschr. 1933, p. 27. *

wambachi Arctia Goltz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 87.

xanthocampa Porth. Dyar Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1905, p. 940.

List

of new Genera described in Supplementary Volume 2.

Angelus (Limacodidae) Hering 205. j Odontosina (Notodontidae) Gaede 182.
Melagoniua (Notodontidae) Gaede 182. | Miresina (Limacodidae) Hering 206.

Supplementary Vol. 2

37

290

List of new sjiecies, varieties and names.

List

of new species, varieties & names described in Suppl. Vol. 2.

ambrosiana (Lith.) Draudt 279.
andresi (Qcnogyna loewii) Draudt 73.
angulata (Dendrolimus) Gacde 123.
apicebrimnea (Lymantria) Gaede 102.

balcanica (Rebelia nudella) Wehrli 220..
bellieroides (Arctia villica) Draudt 88.
biundulata (Dendrolimus) Gaede 123.
bodenheimeri (Paidia) Draudt 65.
brunnescens (Trichogyia) Hering 207.
burgeffi (Dysauxes punctata) Draudt 58.
burgeffiana (Zygaena meliloti) Reiss 32.
burmensis (Dendrolimus) Gaede 123.

centrialgeria (Zygaena thevestis) Reiss 25-1.
circulifera (Trichogyia) Hering 207.
citrinaria (Zaranga) Gaede 174.
curvatum (Lophocosma) Gaede 177.

deliana (Pseudofentonia) Gaede 176.
diffusefasciata (Euproctis marginata) Gaede 105.
diversifasciata (Cosmotriche) Gaede 117.

flavescens (Hyphoraia ornata) Draudt 83.
flavotriaugulata (Euproctis) Gaede 104.

gelukpa (Pheosia) Gaede 178.
giesekingiana (Zygaena) Reiss 9.

liibernica (Zygaena purpuralis) Reiss 249.
lioenei (Melagonina) Gaede 182.

immaculata (Orgyia) Gaede 97.
intacta (Chondrostega) Gaede 110.

kolbi (Zygaena punctum) Reiss 255.

korbi (Zygaena) Reiss 42.

kricheldorffi (Zyganea nevadensis) Reiss 252.

latemarginata (Zygaena purpuralis) Reiss 249.
latimarginata (Bhima eximia) Gaede 124
lepidula (Parasa lepida) Hering 206.
lineata (Zygaena romeo) Reiss 253.
ludovicior (Cerura) Gaede 174.

magniplaga (Euproctis) Gaede 104.
maroeeensis (Zygaena favonia) Reiss 13.
monbeigi (Selenephora) Gaede 117.
mongolica (Setora) Hering 205.
monogramnia (Praesetora Hering) 204.

nigrifulva (Euproctis) Gaede 105.
nigriplagiata (Lymantria) Gaede 101.
nigronervata (Odontosina) Gaede 183.

obscura (Angelus) Hering 205.
oclirilineata (Euproctis) Gaede 105.
octonotata (Zygaena occitanica) Reiss 31.
omniconfluens (Zygaena cynarae) Reiss 255.
osterodensis (Zygaena) Reiss 10.

pallida (Hyphoraia ornata) Draudt 83.
parallela (Orgyia) Gaede 98.
parviplagiosa (Euproctis) Gaede 104.
pauli (Chondrostega) Gaede 110.
paupera (Zygaena purpuralis) Reiss.
plethoneura (Tliosea) Hering 204.
pontica (Philea irrorella) Draudt 66.
postlusca (Aroa) Gaede 99.
pseudocliracea (Narosa) Hering 203.
pseudolaustula (Zygaena felix) Reiss 272.
pseudofelix (Zygaena felix) Reiss 272.
pseudomauretanica (Zygaena felix) Reiss 272.
pseudomeliloti (Zygaena meliloti) Reiss 275.
pseudorepanda (Parasa) Hering 207.
l'ibbei (Coscinia cribraria) Draudt 71.
robusta (Somabrachys infuscata) Hering 198.
rocciana (Zygaena purpuralis) Reiss 8.
rosacea (Hyphoraia ornata) Draudt 83.
rothschildi (Zygaena) Reiss 22.
rothschildiana (Zygaena orana) Reiss 26.
rubrianata (Zygaena achilleae) Reiss 257.

sachalinensis (Pericallia matronula) Draudt 84.
sagarrai (Zygaena fausta) Reiss 25.
sagittifera (Dendrolimus) Gaede 122.
secreta (Oroncus) Draudt 78.
semicirculosa (Dasychira) Gaede 96.
sibirica (Epichnopterix pulla) Wehrli 221.
sorrentina (Fumea crassiorella) Wehrli 224.
subvestalis (Rebelia) Wehrli 220.

| taurica (Amicta) Wehrli 214.
thaumasta (Iragoides) Hering 204.
thomalae (Malacosoma castrensis) Gaede 110.
totanigra (Zygaena carniolica) Reiss 30.
totirubra (Zygaena ramburi) Reiss 276.
trimacula (Zygaena transalpina) Reiss 39.
tristis (Glupliisia crenata) Gaede 177.

urga (Miresa) Hering 206.

List of corrections and additions.

291

Corrections & Additions:

p.

9,

line

29

p.

9,

line

8

p.

11,

line

19

p.

12,

line

19

P. 22,

line

4

P.

37,

line

13

P.

43,

line

23

P. 43,

line

22

P.

61,

line

12

P. 65,

line

13

P.

72,

line

12

P.

77,

line

5

P.

96,

line

19

P. 112,

line

20

P. 123,

line

20

after bufo Led.

P. 151, line
P. 151, line
P. 171, line
P. 172, line
P. 176, line
P. 178, line
P. 191, line
(vide Vol. 6) should
P. 214, line
P. 225, line

3m top, read serpyllum instead of serphyllum.

3m below, read 2 instead of <$.

3m top, read transapennina for transappennina.

3m below, read exsiliens instead of exiliens.

Din top, delete the word “only”.

)in top, read fletcheri instead of fletscheri.

im below, insert plate numbers, thus: prinzi (4 1), aeacus (4k).

)in below, insert plate numbers, thus: herrich-schafferi (4 k), metzgeri, gunneri (4 k).
mi below, read p. 62, pi. 8 c as major, instead of p. 52, pi. 8 c as magna.

mi below, read conjuncta Stgr. instead of conjunct a Shzo.

mi top, read (Vol. 2, pi. 1 3 i) instead of (pi. 13 i).
mi top, add plate reference to mterrupta Schaw. (6 g, as bosniensis).
mi below, after relietus O.B.-H. add plate reference (9 b, 10 b).
mi below, read argenteomaculatus Brtl. instead of argenteomaculatus Btlr .
im below, delete plate reference (10 d) after alfieri Aiidr.di Seitz and insert same

16 from below, insert plate reference (13 e) after nigra Gehlen.

5 from below, read “forewings” instead of hindwings.

6 from below, read moratoria instead of morataria.

6 from below, read Nat. Hist. (6) 19, p. 185, instead of Nat. Hist. (4) 20, p. 401.

8 from below, read albida Daniel instead of albida Pfeiffer.

12 from below, after gelukpa add: (14 d as ” geluplca ).

17 from top, the paragraph commencing: — “Some Irish specimens . . . to line 2, :
be deleted and inserted after “ albingensis ' on line 14.

1 at top, read P. asiatica instead of G. asiatica.

9 from top (righthand column), read helvetica instead of hetvetica.

Misprints on Plates.

Annotation.

Misprints on plates:

PI. 1 h read adanensis $ instead of adanensis <$.

PI. 6 a read interpositella instead of interposita.

PI. 6 f read Intea instead of flava.

PI. 6 h read psendoliturata $ instead of falloui $>.

PI. 7 b read nehallenia instead of lewisi.

PI. 8 b read aboleta instead of obsoleta.

PI. 10 b read relict ns instead of relicta.

PI. 10 c read sibiricus instead of sibirica.

PI. I0g read filipjevi instead of filipjeri.
f I. 11 e read punctovenalia instead of punctorenalis.

PI. 14 d read gelukpa instead of gelnpka.

Id. 14 e read noeturnalis instead of nordlandica.

PI. 14 f read hoenei instead of hoehnei.

PI. 15 e read liectica instead of hectina.

PI. 15 f read suzukii instead of susrnkii.

PI. 16 f read ducellieri instead of ducillieri.

PI. 16 i read turkmenica instead of turkmena.

Annotation :

1 The illustration of a Noctnid (topsenti) on pi. 15 g (2) was inserted in error.

vtem 06^4/ wl !rf frni°n t' if d ^ ™ ‘;hou!berti"‘ is without a doubt merely a variety of Kerala macro -
f , ,5^-’ which has already been figured twice m this work. In Vol. 2, p. 75, the grey form (illustrated

on p 13 i), was dealt with under the Lithosiinae and mention was made that its classification there appeared

c%t”unfr wrrr,urrated * (VoL 3 p- 299) ™der — in the no*™* ith

J v, f1 ‘ ' illustrated from a specimen from W. China and classified in its correct position on

telt With the » Vol. 2. The species is no, mentioned

INDEX.

293

Index.

The number immediately behind the name indicates the page. The names with a capital initial are those of
Genera; names in italics are synonyms or have been incidentally mentioned.

Plate

A.

aavasaksae Teich Er. 112

abbastumana Reiss Zyg. 38 . 4 c

abeli Gschw. Sat. 132

abietis Schiff. Das. 282

aboleta Stgr. Lym. 101 ... 8 b

abraama Schs. Fent. 176

abruzzina Bgjf. Zyg. 12 . . . Ik

absoluta Dhl. Zyg. 11

acaciusalis Wkr. Rhocl. 228

Acanthopsyeke Heyl. 213

acelidota Galv. Synt. 53

Acenira Burr. 220

acerba Schaw. Not. 179

aceris Griep Coss. 241

acbalcea Bgff. Zyg. 38 . . . 4 c

Ackerontia 6. 137

acbillalpina Bgff. Zyg. 17 . . 2 b

acMlleae Dup. Zyg. 17
ackilleae Esp. Zyg. 16, 256
acMlleae Mengb. Zyg. 17
achilleoides Wgn. Zyg. 257
acingulata Frck. Zyg. 43
Acosmeryx Bsd. 147
acronycta Oberth. Das. 96
acrospila Fldr. Synt. 58

actae Bgff. Zyg. 7 . 1 e

acteus Cr. Rhynck. 155
Actias Leach 129

acticola Bgff. Zyg. 20 ... 2 f

acumine Vrty. Zyg. 256 '

acuta Mell Clan. 142

acutaria Leech Dal. 172

adaena F. Ocn. 72

adalberti Oberth. Zyg. 43

adanensis Reiss Zyg. 9, 251 . 1 h

adherbal Oberth. Som. 198 . . 15 1

adriatica Bgff. Zyg. 16
adriaticus Pfeiff. Hep. 247
adumbrata Bgff. Zyg. 11 . . 1 i

adusta Draes. Allopr. 4 . . . 1 c

aeacus Hbn. Zyg. 43 ... . 4 k

aedea L. Eter. 4
Aegeria F. 229
Aegeriidae 229, 287
aegrota Klug Som. 197 ... 16 a

aegyptiaca O.B.-H. Tar. 124
aegyptica Oberth. Las. 113 . . 9 e

aemilianus Cost. Hep. 247
aemilii Klem. Smer. 157
aequipuncta Trti. Synt. 55,279 5 a

Plate

| aerifrons Z. Cliam. 238
aeruginata Trti. Cil. 169
aestatis Prack Epic. 118
aestiva Bgff. Zyg. 11
aestiva Cost. Diacr. 83
aestiva Dz. Zyg. zul. 12
aestivalis Oberth. Zyg. trans. 40
aestivalis Oberth. Zyg. wagn. 18
} aestivoprovincialis Bgff. Zyg. 41
affinis Stgr. Cham. 238
j affinis Voelsch. Fum. 224
j Agalope Wkr. 5
agilis Christ. Dysp. 243
agilis Reiss Zyg. 271
j Aglaope Latr. 2
| Aglia O. 134

agna Oberth. Alb. 169 . . . . 10 g

j Agrisius Wkr. 279
Agrumenia Hbn. 270, 275
Agylla Wkr. 67
l aicha le C. Cham. 236
aigneri Pill. Sat. 132
aino Mats. Dendr. 121
ajatar Schilde Cer. 173
| akbesiana Oberth. Las. 114
J aksana le C. Haem. 145
akschehirensis Reiss Zyg. 23
aksuensis O.B.-H. Herse 138
| aksuensis O. B.-H. Micr. 78 . 7 a

! alaica O. B.-H. Oronc. 78
alba Brem. Arcto. 99
J alba Dzi. Zyg. earn. 29
alba Dzi. Zyg. frax. 22
1 alba Dzi. Zyg. sogd. 264
I alba Kaucki, Par. 76
alba Mr. Chion. 67
alba Std. Lym. 100
albaflavens Vrty. Zyg. 43 . . 41

albana Bgff. Zyg. 39
albanensis Rbl. Dips. 234
albanica Nauf. Procr. 3 . . . 1 b, c

Albara Wkr. 168
Albarracina Stgr. 103, 283
albarracina Stgr. Zyg. 28 . . 3 a

albata Mats. Dendr. 121
albeola Std. Cel. 150
albescens Cckn. Sph. 139
albescens Clos-s Cyb. 66 . . . 5 1

albescens Closs Dendr. 120
albescens Gschw. Eud. 132
albescens Kitt Coss. 241
albescens Mats. Lym. 100
albescens Moltr. Epic. 51
albescens Oberth. Neoch. 89

Plate

albescens Oberth. Ocn. 72
albescens Rothsch. Las. 114
albescens Schtz. Arct. 88
albescens Stgr. Am. 214 . . . 14 g

albescens Stgr. Paid. 65 5 k

albibasis Hmps. Lith. 187
albicans Closs Cel. 151
albicans Stgr. Zyg. 31
albicincta Bgff. Zyg. 39
albicolor Cckn. Sph. 139
albicosta Mr. Sar. 187
albicostata Hmps. Pel. 69 . . 6 b

albida Catli. Cyb. 66
albida Esp. Hyal. 214
albida Mats. Dendr. 121
albida Pfeiff. Fent. 176
albida Schz. Cose. 70
albidina Sit. Arct. 88
albidior Hch. Par. 76
albimaculata Lor. A. flav. 87
albina Oberth. Cel. 153
albinervis Oberth. Som. 198
albingensis Warn. Pal. 190
albingocaeca Bunge Pal. 190
albingo-flavimaculata Hasebr. Pal. 190
albingoradiata Bunge Pal. 190
albingosubcaeca Ruhm. Pal. 190
albinisans Oberth. Arct. 88
albipes Vrty. Zyg. 1 ... . 1 e

albipunctata Splr. Thy. 188
albiramis Strd. Spilos. 81
albisignata Lenz Drym. 178
albiventris Led. Cham. 238
albobrunnescens Strd. Ocn. 73
albociliata Stall. Arct. 86
albodentata Brem. Das. 95 . 8 c

albofascia Mats. Dendr. 121
albofasciata Djak. Epic. 51
albofasciata Mr. Azyg. 244
albofasciata O. B.-H. Epic. 118 10 a

albofasciatus Kr. & K. Dendr. 120
albofrontalis Stdtt. Arct. 86
albolineatus Mats. Dendr. 119
albomaculata Loch. Zyg. 36
albomarginata JTei/ne Poec. 1 12 9 c

albomarginata Mats. Dendr. 122
albomarginata Splr. Zyg. 29
albophaga Boll. Eud. 132
alboplaga Gschw. Eud. 132
alboradiata Lamb. Perg. 154
albostriata Closs Dendr. 120
albovittata Rothsch. Micr. 79
albovittata Vrty. Zyg. 21
albula Schiff. Roes. 62 . . . 5 h

294

INDEX.

Plate

Alcidis Hbn. 171

alecto L. Ther. 151

alexandri Pazs. Spilos. SI

alfacarensis Reiss Zyg. 20 2 f

alfarica Rbb. Macr. 115

alfierii Andr. cL Sz. Dendr. 123 10 e

algarbiensis Chr. Zyg. 21. 260

algarvensis Dzi. Zyg. 23, 268

algecirensis Reiss Zyg. 14 im>

algeriensis Bali. Dipl. 116

algeriensis le C. Dips. 233

algeriensis Rmb. Dysp. 243

algira Dup. Zyg. 25, 271

algirica le C. Dips. 233

algirica Oberth. Ocne. 102

algirica Rothsch. Procr. 3 | p

alicia Btlr. Synt. 58

alice John Epic. 119 ... . 10 b

alice Klem. Smer. 157

allardi Oberth. Prep. 85

allardi Oberth. Zyg. 26

allgaviana Bgff.'Zyg. 41

Allodonta Stgr. 180

Alloprocris Her. 4

alluaudi Oberth., Alb. 103 . . 8 i

alluaudi Oberth. Zyg. 26 . 2 n

almana Rbl. Cham. 237

almohades le C. Syn. 232

alnifolia O. Gastr. 285

alpestris Bgff. Zyg. 17, 256

alpestris Z. Endr. 67 ... 51

alpherakyi Herz Nossa 171 . 15 c

alpherakyi Stgr. Arct. 85

alphitochros Zy. Drym. 177

alpicola Stgr. Mai. Ill

alpina Bsd. Zyg. Trans. 40, 277 4 e

alpina Brtl. Cer. 173 . . . . 45 d

alpina Dzi. Zyg. arm. 19

alpina Frr. Eud. 133 .... n a

alpina Frey Las. 113

alpina Kilt Das. 95

alpina L. Nud. 64

alpina Oberth. Zyg. ach. 17

alpina Oberth. Zyg. centr. 41

alpina Quens. Hyph. 84 . . 7 4

alpina Reiss Zyg. mel. 32

alpinoides Reiss Zyg. 41

alpiumgigas Vrty. Zyg. 37

alpiummicans Vrty. Zyg. 25

alpiumnana Vrty. Zyg. 37

alta Reiss Zyg. 30 q

Altha Wkr. 203

alticola Clk. Smer. 145

alticola Denso Sat. 132

altissima Bgff. Zyg. frax. 22

265 . ' ’ 2 i

altissima Bgff. Zyg. trans. 40
altitudinaria Trti Zyg. 40 4 e

alveus Did. Synt. 54
amabilis Bttchr. Micr. 78
amabilis Chr. Ocne. 103
amabilis Reiss Zyg. 30, 273 . 3 e

amanda Reiss Zyg. 29 3 q

amanda Stgr. Ocne. 102 . . go-

amasina Stgr. Zyg. 30
amasinus H.-Schdff. Hep. 247
ambigua Stgr. Epic. 118 . 10 e

ambitiosa Dhl. Odon. 119
ambrosiana Drt. Lith. 279
Amicta Heyl. 214
amoena Bgff. Zyg. earn. 27
amoena Bgff. Zyg. dulcis 29
amoena Bgff. Zyg. mod. 272
amoena Dz. Zyg. 29
amoena Hoi. Zyg. vir. 273
Amorpha Ky. 145. 156
Ampelophaga Br. & Gr. 146
ampliata Oberth. Pal. 190
amplomaculata Rocci Zyg. dub. 35
amplomaculata Rocci Zyg. trans. 39
amplomarginata Rocci Zyg. 40
amurensis Brem. Rhyp. 83
amurensis Griinb. Gluph. 177

n

Plate

amurensis Jord. Agl. 134 . . lid
J amurensis Shelj. Per. 84
amurensis Stgr. Am. 145
amygdaloides Schleppn. Cham. 237
anachoreta F. Pyg. 185
analiconjuncta Bgff. Zyg. 11, 252
j analielongata Vorbr. Zyg. ach. 256
! analielongata Vorbr. Zyg. ex. 253
j analielongata Vorbr. Zyg. mal. 274
| analiinterrupta Vorbr. Zyg. 10, 11
analinigra Vorbr. Synt. 54
analis Fldr. Meg. 138
anatolica Bgff. Zyg. ach. 19
anatolica Nauf. Procr. 3 1 a

anatolica Wgn. Lem. 285
anatolica Zy. Synt. 279
anatoliensis Reiss Zyg. 15 1 n

anceps Gz. Not. 179
anceps Oberth. Zyg. 34
ancilla L. Dys. 58
ancillaeides Std. Dys. 58
andalusiaca le C. Cham. 235
andalusiae Bgff. Zyg. 26
andrenaeformis Lasp. Syn. 232
andresi Drt. Ocn. 73 . . 6 e

andrewesi Deb. Sam. 130
androides Hell. Agl. 134
anetta Btlr. Synt. 57
anfracta Geld. Pan. 149
angelicae Bsd. Zyg. 33
angelicae Dup. Zyg. 40
angelicae O. Zyg. 42, 277
angelicae- alpina Oberth. Zyg. 34
angelicaeformis Vrty. Zyg. 34, 276
angelico j urassica Przeg. Zyg. 42
Angelus Her. 205
anglica Houlb. Pol. 192
anglica Oberth. Cose. 71
anglica Reiss Zyg. 274
angloitalica Tutt Zyg. 34
| angulata Fixs. Rham. 205 . 15 i

1 angulata Gaede Dendr. 123 . 10 e

I angustata Closs Am. 145
angustella H.-Schdff. Or. 215 14 h

I angustifasciata Her. Agal. 5 1 e

| annellata Closs Cel. 150
annellata Z. Cham. 236
annulata Car. Zyg. mel. 32
annulata Trti. Zyg. trans. 39
j annylifera Closs Par. 230
j anodolitia Reuss Zyg. 35 3 n

j anomala Masl. Spilos. 81
| anomala Ww. Epip. 208
Antkeraea Hbn. 130
anthracias le C. Cham. 236
anthrax Bgff. Zyg. 39
anthrax le C. Cham. 237 . 16 i

anthyellina John Org. 97
anthyllidis Bsd. Zyg. 19, 259 . 2 e

anticeconjuncta Vrty. Zyg. 39
antigone Std. Lem. 127
antiochena Led. Synt. 57
antiochena Stgr. Zyg. 19, 258
antiqua L. Org. 97, 282
anzascana Vrty. Zyg. 272
aomoriensis Mats. Illib. 6
Apaidia H.-Schdff. 65
Aparnea Tr. 187
Apantesis Wkr. 77
apennina Bgff. Zyg. earn. 27
apennina Rbl. Zyg. ex. 12
apennina Sz. Zyg. earn. 28
apennina Trti. Zyg. 272
apennina Trti. Zyg. earn. 28, 29
apenninica Rocci Zyg. Ion. 37
aperiens Wkr. Thos. 204
apfelbecki Rbl. Zyg. 12
apfelbecki Schaw. Zyg. 12
aphrodisia Bgff. Zyg. 24, 270 2 1

ap i calico nf l ue ns Hoi. Zyg. 276
apicaliconfluens T orbr. Zyg. mel 274
apicalielongata Vorbr. Zyg. ach. 256
apicalielongata Vorbr. Zyg. ex. 253

apicalis Leech Psidop. 188
; apicalis Leech Thy. 188
! apicebrunnea Gaede Lym. 102
| apiceconjuncta Vrty. Zyg. 34
| apicefusca Rocci Zyg. 8
apiciplaga Gehl. Cel. 150
J apicistrigata Kurd. Spilos. SI
J apiformis Cl. Aeg. 229
1 Apisa Wkr. 59
I apistella Rbl. Psy. 222
j apollo Rob. Act. 129 ....

| approximata Tutt Pyg. 185
| Apterona Mill. 212, 217
| arabica Rbl. Lep. 70 ....

j arabum Oberth. Arct. 87
j araitensis Mats. Par. 77
j arakawae Mats. Das. 282
1 araratica Stgr. Zyg. 43, 278
1 Arbelarosa Her. 203
| arbusculae Frr. Er. 112 .

arcanaria Mill. Som. 198
j arcerii Rag. Org. 98
Arctia Schrk. 85, 281
| arctica Schn. Zyg. 33
j Aretiidae 61, 279
1 Arctinia Eichw. 82
arctipennis Btlr. Neoploca 193
! Aretornis Germ. 99
| arcuata Oberth. TJt. 72
j arcuata Trti. Synt. 53
j Areas Wkr. 81
arenicola Stgr. Hole. 242
I arestus Jord. Sph. 139
! argentata Btlr. Das. 282
\ argentata Oberth. Pyg. 184
; argentea Closs Drym. 178
argenteomaculatus Brtl. Som. 11
J argenteopicta Oberth. Par. 192
j argentifera Wkr. Mir. 206
argentifera Wkr. Spat. 181
j argentilinearia Leech Dec. 172
I argentisparsa Hmps. Gris. 189
I argustana Bndm. Cel. 151
! argyropeza Oberth. Spat. 180 .
i aries Pngl. Coss. 242
! armena Ev. Zyg. 19, 259
armena Heyl. Am. 214
armoricanus Oberth. Hep. 248
I arnoldi Oberth. Not. 179 .

I arnoldiana Kurd. Odont. 182
I Aroa Wkr. 99, 282, 283
I arragonensis Stgr. Zyg. 17, 157,

158 .

j artaxidia Btlr. Nud. 65
artemis Brem. Act. 129
| arterica Trti. Endr. 67
! Artona Wkr. 5
asamaensis Hrnps. Sphec. 230
asema Dhl. Pol. 192
asiatica B.-H. Cilix 169
asiatica Bgff. Zyg. 10
asiatica Bgff. Zyg. irp. 253
asiatica Stgr. Pach. 214
asiatica Wnuk. Lym. 100
askoldensis Houlb. Pal. 190
asoetria Hbn. Lym. 102
Asota Hbn. 281 '
aspera Bgff. Zyg. 18
assamensis Ww. Anth. 130
assymetrica Oberth. Zyg. 29
astragali Bkli. Zyg. 40
astragali Splr. Zyg. 41
astylus Dru. Calas. 156
Asura Wkr. 66
atavistica Std. Synt. 56
atavus le C. Syn. 232
aterrima Gaede Cose. 70
aterrima Vrty. Zyg. 35
athamanthae Esp. Zyg. 43, 27S
atliicaria Bgff. Zyg.' 40
atlantica le C. Dendr. 285
atlantica le C. Dips. 234
atlantica Luc. Sat. 132, 133

Plate

8 g

15 b
14 a

6 a

9 f

15 e
2, 284

15 f

15 d

2 b
5 k

5 m

S e, f
Sg

4 e

16 f

INDEX.

295

Plate

atlantica Rmb. Lym. 101
atlanticus Aust. Smer. 158
atlantpyri Niep. Sat. 133
atomaria Wkr. Eupr. 104
atomosa Brem. Cel. 63
atra A. B.-H. Hyal. 90
atra L. Acanth. 213
atrinervis Oberth. Som. 198 . 16 a

atritella Hke. Zyg. 43
atroalba Strd. Paras. 64
atrobrunnea Lenz Mim. 144
atrolimbata DM. Cel. 152
atromaculata Galv. Rhyp. 82
atromaculata Stdtt. 133
atropha Brylc. Phragm. 75
airopos L. Ach. 137
atropurpurea O. B.-H. Hyph. 83
atrosuffusa Strd. Paras. 64
atroviridis Lenz Mim. 144
attenuata Oberth. Arct. 88
attingens Gschw. Sat. 132
Auchmophila Bbl. 225
aucta Krnl. Las. 114 ... . 9 f

augsburga Bgff. Zyg. 16, 256
august ilinea Valle Las. 113
aulica L. Hyph. 84
aurantia Tutt Zyg. 33
aurautiaca Engl. A. caja 87
aurantiaca Engl. Arct. flavia 87
aurantiaca Klem. A. caja 87
aurantiaca Oberth. Zyg. 43 . . 4 k

aurantiaca Rothsch. Spilos. 80
aurantiaca Schaw. Par. 77
aurantiaca Sz. Arct. 85
aurantiaca Splr. Ocn. 73
aurantiacana Strd. Spilos. 80
aurantiacum Rbl. Par. 231
aurantifemur Strd. Spilos. 80

aurata Black. Zyg. 13 ... . 11

aurata Wil. Eupr. 104 ... 8 h

aurea Btlr. Campt. 227 . . . 16 a

aurea Oberth. Org. 98 ... . 8 d

aurelia Oberth. Agal. 5
aureomicans Stel. Hyp. 97

aureosquamata Wllgr. Mel. 230
aureoviridis Bgff. Zyg. 15
auresiana le C. Cham. 235
aurifera Serb. Das. 95, 282 . 8 a

auriflua Schaw. Er. 112
auripennis Btlr. Arct. 87
aurita Sulz. Endr. 66
aurivillii Pngl. Chon. 109 . . 9 b

aurivola Schaw. Synt. 56
aurolimbata Gn. Org. 97
aurora Car. Arct. 85
austauti Stgr. Am. 145, 157, 158
austautoides Stndf. Smer. 158
australis Oberth. Zyg. trif. 36, 277
austria-hungarica Reiss Zyg. 33
autumnalis Bgff. Zyg. 25, 26,

34 . 2 m

autumnalis Reiss Zyg. stoech.

35 . 3 m

autumnalis Rocci Zyg. earn. 29
autumnalis Vrty. Zyg. trans. 40
avinoffi Hmps. <fc 1). Zyg. 23

Axia Hbn. 187, 193
Axiidae Rbl. 194
Axiopoena Men. 85, 281
azona Hoi. Zyg. 273
azona Reiss Zyg. 14
azona Wgn. Zyg. earn. 30
azurea Bgff. Zyg. rhad. 21
azurea Vorbr. Procr. 3
Azygophleps Hmps. 244
Azygophleps Hmps. 241

I?.

babadzhanidii Shelf. Azyg. 244
bachaga Oberth. Zyg. 25

Plate

Bacotia Tutt 225
bactriana Ersch. Synt. 57
badia Rautm. Arct. 86
baetica Rmb. Ocn. 72
baetica Rmb. Zyg. 25, 271
baetica Zy. Not. 179
baibarana Mats. Lym. 102
baicalensis O. B.-H. Arct. 87
bajuvarica Stick. Poec. Ill
balcani Bgff. Zyg. 42
balcanica H.-Schdff. Lem. 285

balcanica Reiss Zyg. wagn. 18 2 c

balcanica Wrli. Reb. 220 . . 14 k

balcanica Zukow. Charm 236 . 16 h

balearica Bsd. Zyg. 14, 254
balearica Rbl. Cel. 152
baltica Wahlgr. Endr. 66
banghaasi Bgff. Zyg. 23 . . . 2 k

bang-haasi Her. A H. Mir. 206 15 i

banghaasi Rothsch. Alb. 103
banghaasi Stgr. Ocnog. 280
banghaasi West Nola 61 . . 5 h

bantaisana Mats. Lym. 283
barbara Bril. Dips. 287 ... 16 h

barbara H.-Schdff. Zyg. 26
barcelonensis Vrty. Zyg. 36
barcina Vrty. Zyg. 20, 260 . 2 f

barteli Krul. Rhyp. 82
barthai Reiss Zyg. 9 . . . . 1 g

basalis Mr. Hyp. 180
basalis Selys Zyg. 36
basalis Wil. & S. Drym. 178 . 15 e

basalis Wil. Spil. 191 ... . 15 e

basiconfluens Hoi. Zyg. 276
basiflava Oberth. Herp. 5
basilinea Lenz Las. 113
batis L. Thy. 188

baui Stndf. Alb. 103 .... 8 k

bavarica Bgff. Zyg. 34, 40
bavarica Wrli. Reb. 219 . . 14 i

bayardi le Ch. Eup. 76
beatrix Przeg. Zyg. 272
Belippa Wkr. 208

bellieri le C. Cham. 234 ... 16 i

bellieri Led. Ocnog. 280
bellieroides Drt. Arct. 88 . . 7 g

bellis Hbn. Zyg. 16
bellis Vrty. Zyg. 18
belvalettei Dum. Lym. 101
bentelii Rdtz. Psodos 216
beraunensis Reiss Zyg. 17
bercei Sand Zyg. 37
bergeri Ehing. Cel. 161, 163
berolinensis Fuchs Rhyp. 82
berolinensis Strd. Ptil. 183
berolinensis Stgr. Zyg. 28, 273,

274 . 3 a

berolinoides Trti. Zyg. 29

bertae Dannb. Am. 157

berthina Th.-Mieg. Ocn. 73

berytella Rbl. Reb. 220

bessarabica Sid. Synt. 54

bethunei Rom. Zyg. 14 . . . 1 m

betulae Lenz Cer. 173

betulina Z. Fum. 223

betulina Z. Proutia 224.

Bhima Mr. 124
biati ( = bieti) Neoch. 89
bicaudata Mr. Epipl. 172
bicincta Koll. Synt. 55
bicincta Wkr. Par. 231
| bicingulata Rbl. Syn. 232
j bicolor O. B.-l Orod. 77 . . 6 i

bicolor Oberth. U6. 72
bicolor Oberth. Zyg. earn. 24, 28
| bicolor Reisser Thaum. 107 . 9 a

bicolor Sib. Mai. 110
bicolor Wkr. Par. 207
| bicolorota Albara 169
I bicolorata Mezg. Sam. 129
bicolorella Bsd. Or. 215
bicoloria Schiff. Leuc. 181
! biconjuncta Stall. Arct. 86

Plate

biconjuncta Vrty. Zyg. 34, 276
bicostata Limps. Alb. 169
bicuspis Bkh. Cer. 173, 174
bidens Oberth. Sem. 181
bidentatus Wil. Wilem. 182,

286 . 14 f

biedermanni O.B.-H. Prep. 281
biedermanni le C. Cham. 236
bieti Oberth. Neoch. 89, 281
Bietia Oberth. 208
bifascia Griinb. Dendr. 121
bifasciata Rmb. Cose. 71 6 b

bifida Hbn. Cer. 173, 174
biga Sid. Synt. 54, 56
biguttata Rocci Zyg. 32, 35
bikindervateri Grosse Cel. 161
bilinea Hart. Las. 113
bilinea Wkr. Can. 205
bilineata Wkr. Clan. 141
bilineatus Kr.& K. Dendr. 120
biloba Marl. Hyp. 180
biloba Oberth. Sem. 181
bimaculata Gillm. Mim. 144
bimaculata Sid. Synt. 55
bimarginalis Gillm. Min. 144
bipars Wkr. Oecet. 213
bipartita Strd. Dil. 194
bipuncta Bkh. Pal. dupl. 190
bipuncta Dup. Pol. 192
bipuncta Hbn. Lith. 68
bipuncta Hmps. Schiff. 65
bipuncta Krug. Synt. 54
bipuncta Std. Zyg. trans. 39
bipuncta Std. Dys. 58 ... 5 g

bipunctata Bur. Dys. 59
bipunctata Selys Zyg. fil. 33
bipunctata Std. Cose. 70
biroi Rbl. Or. 215
biseparata Strd. Num. 283

bistrigata Bub. Macr. 115 . . 9 h

Bitecta Heyl. 68

bithynica Stgr. Coll. 89 . . . 7 li

bitorquata Men. Zyg. 19, 258 4 d

biundulata Gaede Dendr. 123 10 c

blachieri Dzi. Zyg. 17
blanca Rbb. Ocn. 73
blanca Schaw. Spilos. 81
bodenheimeri Drt. Paid. 65 5 k

boettcheri O. B.-H. Arct. 85
bohatschi Rocci Zyg. 28, 29
bohemanni Brylc Diacr. 83
bohemia Reiss Zyg. 43 . . 4 i

boica Bgff. Zyg. 40
boisduvali Ersch. Calig. 130
boisduvalii Heydr. Zyg. 39
bolga Th.-Mieg Arct. 86
bombycella Schiff. Psy. 222
Bombyees 1

bomilcar Oberth. Las. 113 . . 10 d

bongerti Reiss Zyg. 35 . . . 3 1

boninensis Mats. Conth. 207
bonjeani Oberth. Thaum. 107 . 9 a

bordigalensis Mab. Lym. 100
borealis Bkh. Cer. 173
borealis Bgff. Zyg. 43, 277, 278
borreyi le C. Cham. 238 . . 16 li

borreyi Oberth. Zyg. 13 . . . 1 m

bosniaca Bgff. Zyg. 8, 9 . . . 4 n

bosniaca Rbl. Endr. 66
bosniensis Par. 77 . 6 g

bosniensis Reiss Zyg. 32
bouillonae Ersch. Chil. 116
boulifa Dum. Eupr. 104
boursini le Ch. Zyg. 7
bouvieri Oberth. Can. 168
bouvieri Oberth. Phass. 248
bowerella Chapm. Fum. 223
brabantia Der. Pal. 190
breveti Oberth. Phragm. 74
brevicornibus Vrty. Zyg. 38
brevivenis Btlr. Chrost. 284, 285
br.evivenis Btlr. Odon. 112
britanniae Vrty. Zyg. 36

296

INDEX.

brizae Esp. Zyg. 9, 251 . .
brosiformis Hbn. Micr. 239
Bruandia Tutt 224
brunnea Bgff. Zyg. 271
brunnea Closs Endr. 66
brunnea Dzi. Zyg. centr. 41
brunnea Dzi. Zyg. trans. 39
brunnea Gschw. Eud. 132
brunnea Gschw. Sat. 131
brunnea Heyd. Endr. 67
► brunnea Huard Am. 145
brunnea Lenz Phil. 183
brunnea Oberth. Spilos. 80
brunnea Oberth. Zyg. ach. 17
brunnea Oberth. Zyg. faust. 24
brunnea Beisser C’osc. 72
brunnea Bocci Ocne. 102
brunnea Schz. Lym. 100
brunnea Stipan Lym. 101
brunnea Vorbr. Endr. 66
brunnea Vorbr. Phil. 66
brunneata Mats. Dendr. 121
brunneata Przeg. Zyg. 41
brunneipes Trti. Aeg. 229
brunneociliata Stdtt. A. caja 87
brunneoides Strd. Spilos. 80
brunneomarginata Wgn. Lem.

285

brunneo-olivacea Bothsch. Mai.

Ill .

brunneopallida Mats. Dendr.

121

brunnescens Her. Trich. 207 .
brunnescens Hke. Phil. 66
brunnescens Lamb. A. caja 87
brunnescens Melt Sph. 140
brunnescens Schtz. Arct. 87
brunneus Kr. & K. Dendr. 120
brussensis Beiss Zyg. 9
brykaria Schz. Drep. 168
bucephala L. Phal. 184
bucephaloides O. Phal. 184
buddenbrocki Kotzsch Prep.

85, 281 .

buddhista Pngl. Pile. 178
bufo Led. Dendr. 123 ....
buraetica O. B.-H. Micr. 79 .
burgeffensis Beiss Zyg. 42
burgeffi Drt. Dys. 58 ... .
burgeffi Przeg. Zyg. 38 . . .
burgeffi Std. Zyg." 277
burgeffiana Beiss Zyg. 32 . .
burmensis Gaede Dendr. 123
butler i Kaw. Cer. 208
Byrdia Schs. 96

C.

cacuminum Chr. Zyg. 22, 261
cadillaci Oberth. Zyg. 13, 254 .
caeca Stdtt. Arct. 87
caeca Stdtt. End. 133
caecigena Bndm. Cel. 152
caecigena Kup. Per. 131
caecopuncta Bbl. Las. 113
caecus Men. Smer. 144
caeruleocephala L. Dil. 194
caeruleochsenheimeri V rty.

Zyg. 276

caerulescens Oberth. Zyg. trif.37
caesarea Gz. Arct. 82
caja L. Arct. 86
calabra Std. Org. 98
calabra Vrty. Zyg. 35
calabria Trti. Zyg. 29 . .
calabrica Calb. Zyg. 39
calabrica Std. Mel. Ill
Calasymbolus Grt. 156
calberlae Bag. Poec. 112 . .
calberlai Bgff. Zyg. 11
caledonensis Beiss Zyg. 249

Plate

1 g

9 c

15 1

7 e

10 d
7 a

5 g
16 m

3 h

1 m

4 a

3 c

9 c

I caledoniae Vrty. Zyg. 256
j caledonica Beiss Zyg. 256
| caliacrae Beiss Zyg. 273
! caligans Trti. Cose. 72 . .

1 caligineus Btlr. Sph. 140
! caliginosa Schtz. Arct. 87 .

j Caligula Mr. 130
Callambulyx B. A- J. 144
\ Callidulidae 167
Callimorpha Latr. 89, 281
Callimorphinae 89
| callunae Peets Das. 95
I callunae Mautz Rhyp. 281
j callunae Palm. Las. 113
Calpenia Mr. 89
cambysea Led. Zyg. 19, 258
camelina L. Loph. 183, 286
| campaniae Stgr.-Bbl. Zyg. 35
Camptocliilus Hmps. 227
! Campylotes Ww. 5
cana Closs Dendr. 120
cana Wkr. Thos. 204
canangae Her. Par. 207
canarina Wlad. Cel. 150
Candida Bgff. Zyg. 36
Candida Cr. Cose. 71
1 Candida Hovlb. Pal. 191
canensis Mill. Poec. 112
1 canescens Strd. Gnoph. 70
j canescens Wkr. Apisa 59
, Cania Wkr. 205
canigulensis Oberth. Cose. 71
' caniola Hbn. Lith. 68, 69
cantiana Schs. Pent. 176
canuta Bocci Zyg. 28, 29
! capitalis Stgr. Procr. 4
I capitata Wkr. Euch. 167
I capnodes Dhl. Dil. 194
, capsitana Sz. Som. 198
caradjae Stdf. Mai. 110 . . .
carbuncula Bgff. Zyg. 22
carmelita Esp. Odont. 182, 286
' carmencita Oberth. Zyg. 14
i carnea Aust. Cel. 153
carnea Dzi. Zyg. ang. 42
carnea Splr. Zyg. 37
carneades Trti. Thaum. 107 .
carneolica Frr. Zyg. 22, 263
carnica Vrty. Zyg. 250
carniolica Scop. Zyg. 27
carniolica Fuess. Zyg. 261,265.
272

carsica Bocci Zyg. 8, 250
casigneta Roll. Spilos. 80
| caspia Stgr. Synt. 56
| casta Pall. Fum. 223
| casta Esp. Euch. 75, 281
: castanea P. & St. Dendr. 120
castanea B. & J. Acos. 147
| castaneae Hbn. Phragm. 244
I castaneolavatus Bothsch. Las.
115

casteki Grosse Cel. 161, 162
{ castellana Std. Zyg. 17, 257
castiliana te C. Cham. 235 . .

| castiliana Splr. Trich. Ill . .

| castissima Aust. Cel. 153
castrensis L. Mai. 110
j catacoides Strd. Er. 112
; cataleptica Std. Synt. 55
, cataloniae Beiss Zyg. 31
j cataloniana Bgff. Zyg. 24
j catalonica Sag. Zyg. 24, 34
i catax L. Er. 112, 113
l catherinei Oberth. Endr. 67
cathlava Th.-Mieg Clet. 74
cathlina Th.-Mieg Arct. 88
caucasi Bgff. Zyg. 10 ... .
caucasiana Strd. Diacr. 83
caucasica Alph. Rhyp. 82
caucasica B.-H. Am. 214
caucasica Dso. Cel. 153
caucasica Krul. Pal. 191

Plate

6 c, d

I g

9 d

4 m

9 a

16 g

9 d

3 f

4 n

14

caucasica Bbl. Zyg. arm. 19. 259
caucasica Schap. Diacr. 83
caucasica Shelf. Das. 95
caucasica Splr. Zyg. scab. 10
caudata Brem. & Gr. Sphec
149

Cechenena B. A- J. 155
cecilia Oberth. Eter. 4 . . . .
cedri Brd. Zyg. 13, 254
C'elama Wkr. 62
celator Lord. Pseud. 138
celerio L. Hipp. 154
Celerio Oken 150, 158
celeus H.-S chaff. Zyg. 252
cenisius Lord. Sph. 139, 140
centaureae Fisch.-W old. Zyg.

15, 16, 256 .

centonalis Hbn. Cel. 63 ...
centralasiae O. B.-H. Euch. 75
centralasiae Stgr. Cel. 164
centralis Oberth. Zyg. 41 .
centralitaliae Vrty. Zyg. Ion
37

centrialgeria Beiss Zyg. 254
centricataloniae Bgff. Zyg. 41
centripuncta Clk. Mm. 144
centripuncta Krug. Synt. 54
centripuncta Tutt Zyg. 37
centripunctata Std. Zyg. 39
centripyrenaea Bgff. Zyg. 41
centropallida Mats. Dendr. 121
centrozonalis Mats. Dendr. 121
cephalariae Bom. Eud. 132
cephiformis O. Syn. 231
Cephonodes Hbn. 145
ceramica Wkr. Duom. 241
Ceratonema Hmps. 208
cerberus Std. Synt. 55
ceriaeformis Luc. Cham. 235
ceriana Bgff. Zyg. 16 . . .
Cerura Schrk. 173
cervini Fall. Orod. 77
Chalcosiinae 2

Chamaesphecia Splr. 231. 234
Cliamanthedon le C. 238
chamyla Dso. Cel. 153 . . .
changiana Strd. Synt. 58
chaonia Hbn. Dryin. 178
chaos Bgff. Zyg.'lO, 251 . . .
charlotta Dann. Smer. 158
charon Bsd. Zyg. 38
chai-on Hbn. Zyg. 32 ....
Chatamla Mr. 171
cheesmani Tams Coss. 241
Clieleptery x Gray 171
Chelis Bmb. 280
chengtuana Wts. A ntli. 130
Cheromettia Mr. 208
chi O. B.-H. Hyp. 180 ....
chibensis Mats. Syn. 233
chibidokuga Mats. 282
chichibensis Mats. Stilp. 99
chilena Wkr. 116
chimena le C. Cham. 234 . .
chinensis Bbl. Calig. 130
chinesica Strd. Man. 69
Chionaema H.-Schaff. 67
chishimensis Mats. Cel. 153
chishimensis Mats. Sph. 139
j chlamitulalis Hbn. Cel. 63
i Chlorogaurena Houlb. 189
| chloros Hbn. Procr. 3
chlorotica le C. Cham. 236
Chondrostega Led. 109
chosensis Mats. Syn. 233
chretieni le C. Cham. 234
chretieni Oberth. Som. 198
christinae Sterzl Arct. 88
cliristophi Stgr. Zyg. 32, 275
Chrostogastria 284
chrysanthemi Bkh. Zyg. 33, 276
Chrysiridia Hbn. 1 7 i
chrysocephala Hbn. Cose. 71

Plate

1 d

4 e

4 f

11 b

13 c

1 h

14 e

16 i

16 g

C< Ki

Publ. 6. II. 1934.

INDEX. 297

Plate

chrysorrhoea L. Eupr. 99, 103
cicaleti Vrty. Zyg. 257
cicatricalis Tr. Cel. 62 . . . 5 h

Cifuna Wkr. 99, 283
cilicica Bgff. Zyg. 32, 275 . . 3h
Cilix Leach 169
Cimelia Led. 187, 193
cinerascens Oberth. Chi! . 116
cinerea Bile. Not. 179
cinerea Griinb. Dendr. 121
cinerea Schille Ochr. 181 . . 15 c

cinerea Teich Phragm. 244
cinerella Dup. Pach. 213
cinereofusca Houlb. Lith. 187
cingulata Bgff. Zyg. berol. 273
cingulata Bgff. Zyg. el. 42
cingulata Bgff. Zyg. hipp. 41
cingulata Bgff. Zyg. punct. 15
cingulata Bgff. Zyg. pur. 7
cingulata Bgff. Zyg. querc. 26
cingulata Bgff. Zyg. rom. 11
cingulata Bgff. Zyg. trans. 40
cingulata Dzi. Zyg. ang. 42
cingulata Dzi. Zyg. br. 9
cingulata Dzi. Zyg. camb. 19
cingulata Dzi. Zyg. earn. 27
cingulata Frey Zyg. mel. 32
cingulata Hann. Zyg. 273
cingulata Hlce. Zyg. ecki 258
cingulata Hke. Zyg. trans. 41
cingulata Hoi. Zyg. purp. 250
cingulata Hoi. Zyg. zob. 257
cingulata Led. Zyg. rhad. 20
cingulata Reiss Zyg. anat. 15
cingulata Reiss Zyg. er. 7
cingulata Reiss Zyg. hil. 24
cingulata Reiss Zyg. maced.

257

cingulata Shelf. Zyg. frax. 22
cingulata Shelf. Zyg. orib. 263
cingulata Statt. A. caja 87
cingulata Std. Cel. 150
cingulata Trti. Zyg. mel. 32
cingulata Trti. Zyg. or. 26
cingulata Trti. Zyg. trans. 40
cingulata Vrty. Zyg. wagn. 18
cingulata Web. Synt. 57
cinnamomea Niep. Anth. 130
cinnamomea Trti.& Vrty. Mai.

110

circularis Steph. Haem. 145
circulifera Her. Trich. 207 . 15 i

circumdata Houlb. Spil. 191 . lie
circummaculata Kraml. Clet.

74

circumscripta Trti. Zyg. 39

cirgisa Brtl. Cham. 236, 237

citrina Gschw. Eud. 132

citrina Oberth. Zyg. 7

citrina Reiss Zyg. 277

citrina Spr. Zyg. Ion. 10, 37

citrinaria Gaede Zar. 174 . . 15 c

citrinus Webb. Zyg. 33

Clanis Hbn. 141

clara Aust. Cel. 159

clara Closs Mim. 144

clara Sib. Phragm. 75

clarimarginata Kraml. Clet. 74

clarissimus Mell Smer. 145 . 12 e

clausa Wrli. Pal. 191 . . . . 15 h
clavigera Bgff. Zyg. 9 . . . . 1 g

Cleapa Wgn. 177
Clelea Wkr. 6
cleopatra Wlad. Cel. 152
clermonti le C. Cham. 236
Cletis (= Chelis) Rmb. 74
cloelia Bkh. Synt. 54
clorinda B.-Bak. Zyg. 36
clossi Hann. Cel. 150
clossi Hch. Endr. 66
clotho Dru. Ther. 154
Cnethodonta Stgr. 175
Cnidoeampa Mats. 206

Supplementary Volume 2

Plate

coalita Mew. Dil. 194

cocandica Ersch. Synt. 56 . . 5 d

cocandica Ersch. Zyg. 23 . . 2 k

cocandica Ersch. Zyg. 269, 270

Cochlidion Hbn. 202, 205

Cochliotheca Rmb. 2 11,212,217

codes Hbn. Las. 113

codeti Oberth. Cochl. 202

codeti Oberth. Syn. 232 . . . 16 e

Coeles.tis Bgff. 21, 260

coenosa Hbn. Lael. 105

cognata Mr. Thy. 188

collaris Gr.-Grsh. Arct. 88

colligata Trti. Zyg. 26 '

colligata Wkr. Par. 143

collina Bgff. Zyg. 39

colon Gillm. Mim. 144

colossa B.-H. Thaum. 107

colossa A. B.-H. Or. 215 . . 14 h
colossus Stgr. Coss. 241 . . . 16 b
Comacla Wkr. 64

comitella Brd. Fum. 224 . . 15 b

comma Wkr. Spil. 280
commerelli Std. Cose. 70
commifera Warr. Sar. 188
communimacula Selys Zyg. 33
complacens Wkr. Mar. 142,156 12 d

j complanoides Fuchs Lith. 68
| complicata Stndf. Am. 158
j compluta Hbn. Endr. 66, 67
complutoides Strd. Endr. 66
concinna Warr. Pol. 192
concolor Schtz. Pel. 69
concolor Wkr. Lym. 101
concolorata Mats. Dendr. 121
conferta Schtz. Call. 89
conflua Rbl. Thy. 188
conflua Schtz. Zeuz. 244
confluens Bgff. Zyg. arm. 19
confluens Bgff. Zyg. cyn. 15
confluens Bgff. Zyg. el. 42
{ confluens Bgff. Zyg. laph. 33
confluens Bgff. Zyg. wagn. 48
confluens Closs Deil. 146
confluens Closs Pal. 190
confluens Dhl. Ach. 137
confluens Dhl. Hyph. 84
confluens Dzi. Zyg. ach. 256
confluens Dzi. Zyg. earn. 27,

28, 29

confluens Dzi. Zyg. cuv. 260
j confluens Dzi. Zyg. frax. 22
confluens Dzi. Zyg. gan. 23,

267

confluens Dzi. Zyg. grasl. 20,

259

confluens Dzi. Zyg. loys. 12
j confluens Dzi. Zyg. sogd. 264
confluens Dzi. Zyg. zul. 12
confluens Hnrch. Zyg. rhad. 20
confluens Hellw. Hep. 247
confluens Hoi. Zyg. earn. 273
| confluens Hoi. Zyg. cyn. 255
confluens Hoi. Zyg. fil. 276
confluens Hoi. Zyg. shelj. 278
' confluens Hoi. Zyg. zob. 257
confluens Lamb. Milt. 65
confluens le Ch. Zyg. anth. 19
confluens Marschn. Thy. 188
confluens Oberth. Zyg. cuv. 21,

260

confluens Oberth. Zyg. fil. 33
confluens Oberth. Zyg. hil. 24
confluens Oberth. Zyg. trif. 36
confluens Rbl. A. caja 86
confluens Reiss Zyg. christ. 275
confluens Reiss Zyg. grasl. 260
confluens Reiss Zyg. maced.

257

confluens Reiss Zyg. querc. 26
confluens Rocci Zyg. wagn. 18
confluens Shelj. Zyg. frax. 22
confluens Shelj. Zyg. merzb. 266

Plate

confluens Splr. Zyg. scab. 10
confluens Strd. Zyg. ex. 12
confluens Tutt Zyg. mel. 31,

32, 274

confluens Vorbr. Zyg. trans. 40
confluens Zick. Zyg. ox. 20
confluenta Reiss Zyg. 14, 254 1 m

conf luentissin ) a Oberth. Arct. 87
confluxa Closs Dendr. 120
confusa Brem. Cif. 99 ... . 8 b

confusa Gehl. Cel. 152
confusa Stgr. Par. 76
confusa Stgr. Zyg. 275, 277
confusalis H.-Schdff. Cel. 63
conjuncta Car. Zyg. anth. 19
conjunctaGscftmEud. 132, 133
conjuncta Gschw. Sat. 132
conjuncta Lutk. Cel. 150
conjuncta Rocci Zyg. ach. 18
conjuncta Rocci Zyg. cyn. 16
conjuncta Splr. Zyg. hil. 24
conjuncta Splr. Zyg. ox. 19
conjuncta Stgr. Paid. 65 . . . 5 k

conjuncta Statt. Arct. 86
conjuncta Tutt Zyg. fil. 33
conjuncta Wkr. Irag. 204
conjuncta Wit. Das. 95 . . . 8 c

connexa Dhl. Eup. 75
connexa Engl. Arct. 86, 87
Conopia Hbn. 233
conopiformis Esp. Syn. 231
conserta Gr.-Grsh. Zyg. coc. 23
conserta Gr.-Grsh. Zyg. kavr.

270

consimilis Warr. Sar. 187
consobrina Germ. Zyg. 21 . . 2 g

consobrinus Pngl. Hole. 242
conspicua Leech Mel. 189
conspicua R. & J . Cel. 152
conspicuata Bndm. Cel. 151

constantina Aur. Chon. 109 . 10 a

constricta Btlr. Sph. 139
constricta Gillm. Mim. 144
contaminei Bsd. Zyg. 15, 255 1 n

contamineoides Stgr. Zyg. 14,

255 . In

Contlieyla Wkr. 207

Contkeyloides Mats. 207

contigua Schtz. Eud. 132

contih.ua Schtz. Arct. 87

continua Schtz. Eud. 132

contractu Schtz. Arct. 87

contracta Wkr. Scop. 201

contrastella Kozh. Sterrh. 217

conti'istans Oberth. Zyg. 26 . . 3 a

convergens Dhl. Thaum. 107

convergens Cost. Macr. 150

convolvuli L. He. 138

corcyrensis Rbl. Dips. 234

corea Strd. Chion. 67

coreacola Mats. Cham. 239

coreacola Mats. Porth. 284

coreana Hmps. Der. 169

coreana Mats. Aroa 282

coreana Flats. Call. 89

coreana Mats. Cor. 180

coreana Mats. Das. 96

coreana Mats. Dendr. 122

coreana Mats. Desm. 175

coreana Mats. Gastr. 119

coreana Mats. Illib. 6

coreana Mats. Mai. 284

coreana Mats. Micr. 202

coreana Reiss Zyg. 275

coreanus Mats. Gang. 184

coreanus Mats. Wil. 182

Coreodonta Mats. 181

coronillae Esp. Zyg. 43

corsaria Schaw. Dendr. 120

Corsica Bsd. Org. 97, 98

Corsica Bsd. Zyg. 15 . In

Corsica Rmb. Ocn. 72
corsicoides Bgff. Zyg. 20

38

INDEX

298

Plate

corsicoides Std. Zyg. 19
coryzia Step'. Zyg. 9, 251
Coscinia Hbn. 70, 279
Cosmotriche Hbn. 117
Cossidae 287
Cossus F. 241, 287
cossus L. Coss. 241, 287
costaenigrata Kuj. Pal. 191
costaflavabipuncta le Ch. Zyg.

43

costalielongata Hoi. Zyg. 278
costalielongata Vorbr. Zyg. ach.

256

costalielongata Vorbr. Zyg. ex.

253

costalis Mell Pol. 142
costa-nigra Lamb. Spilos. 81
costa-nigra Lamb. Arcto. 99
costata Nordm. Cel. 152
costazzina Std. Zyg. 40
costimacula Stgr. Cel. 63
costipuncta Closs Mai. 110
crabroniformis Lew. Sphec. 229
cracoviensis Hoi. Zyg. 250
Crambidia Pack. 68
crambiformis Rbl. Cel. 279 . . 6 a

crasseunco Vrty. Zyg. 256
crassicornis Bril. Cham. 236
craSsimaculata Hoi. Zyg. 273
crassiorella Brd.F uni. 223,224
crataegi L. Trich. Ill
Creatonotus Hbn. 280
cremella Krul. Cyb. 66
cremonae Cut. Enp. 76
cremonae Sz. Zyg. 23, 266
crenata Esp. Gluph. 177
crenulella Bed. Coch. 218
crenulella Brd. Coch. 211, 212
217

cretacea Hmps. Drep. 168

cretacea Stgr. Stilp. 99

cretica Rbl. Cham. 238

cretica Bsd. Ther. 154

creticum Rbl. Cochl. 202 . . 15 h

cribraria L. Cose. 71. 72

Crimea Bgff. Zyg. 44 ... . 1 |

Crinocraspeda Hmps. Ill, 285

crispa Swh . Irag. 204

cristata Btlr. Mar. 143

cristatula Hbn. Cel. 63 ... 5 i

croatica Esp. Haem. 145

erocea Bign. Milt. 65 ... . 5 k

crocea Rbl. Cel. 153

crocea Schtz. Hyph. 84

crocea Schtz. Zyg. 43

cruentata Mann Syn. 232

crymaea Std. Zyg. 30.

cuculla Esp. Loph. 183

cucullatella L. No la 61

Cucullia Schk. 187

cuculus Stgr. Loph. 183

culoti Oberth. Arct. 88

culoti Oberth . Eter. 4

culta Btlr. Nar. 203

cuneata Tutt Zyg. 37

cuprea Rocci Zyg. stoech. 35

cuprea Std. Synt. 56

cuprea Trti. Zyg. 29

cupreata Btlr. Pyg. 185

curtinervis Fed. Pyg. 185

curtula L. Pyg. 185

curula Tli.-Mieg Diapli. 82

curvata Bgff. Zyg. 10

curvata Mats. Dolb. 156

curvata Wil. Eupr. 104 . . . 8 h

curvatula Bkh. Drep. 168

curvatuloides Wgn. Drep. 168

curvatum Gaede Loph. 177 . . 15 c

curvifascia Rothsch. Macr. 115

cuspidata Fritsch Cel. 153

euspidata Linst. Agl. 134

cuspidata Rbl. Cel. 151

cuvieri Bsd. Zyg. 21, 260, 26]

Plate

cyanea Gehl. Cel. 150
cyanea Leech Cneth. 175
cyanea Wlad. Cel. 151
Cybosia Hbn. 66
Cyclogaurena Houlb. 189
cyclopea Ragusa Synt. 55
Cymatochrocis Houlb. 188
Cymatophora Tr. 190
Cymatophoridae 187, 286
cynarae Esp. Zyg. 15, 255
cynaraeformis Shelf. Zyg. 16
cvnaroides Rocci Zyg. 16
cynthia Dru. Sam. 129
Cypa Wkr. 143
cypriaca Rbl. Dysp. 243
cyssea Stoll Synt. 57
cytisi Hoi. Zyg. 33, 276
cyrenaica Trti. Dysp. 243

dacica Car. Zyg. 32, 274
daddi Hch. Las. 113
daemon Clir. Zyg. 21, 262
dahli Gey. Cel. 150. 159
j dahlkei Closs Arct. 88
daliurica Bsd. Clet. 74
dahurica Bsd. Zyg. 32
daisensis Mats. Par. 231
daisensis Mats. Som. 112
! daisetsurana Mats. Konok. 96
daisetsuzana Mats. Orod. 77
Dalima Mr. 172
danieli Std. Synt. 56
| dannehli Trti. Eup. 75 . . . 6 g

dannenbergi Kunz Cel. 160
j dannenbergi Steph. Hep. 247
1 dasara Mr. As. 66
Dasorgyia Stgr. 99
Dasychira Steph. 95, 282
datini Mab. Las. 114
daubi Niep. Perg. 154 ... 13 e

daubi Sindf. Sat. 133 .... lid
davidi le C. Par. 231
davidis Stgr. Las. 113. 114
dealbata Gunn. Agl. 134
dealbata Reiss Zyg. 266
dealbata Rocci Zyg. 28
dealbata Schtz. Cel. 150
deannulata Rocci Zyg. 16
j decadica Std. Synt. 55
Decetia Wkr. 172
decisa Ware. Der. 169
decollata Rocci Zyg. 18
decolor Th.-Mieg Cosm. 117
decolor Wkr. Cypa 144
decolorata Closs Cel. 151
! decolorata King Las. 114 . . 9 g

decora Led. Zyg. 32, 274
decora Std. Zyg. 32
i decorata Krul. Hep. 248
f decorata Mr. Thy. 189
l decreta Vrty. Zyg. 36
j decussata Mr. Eupr. 104
defascia Gschw. Sat. 132
J dejecta Std. Phal. 184
defuncta Std. Hyp. 97
degenerata Kotzscli Cel. 163
degenerata Std. Synt. 55
Deilephila Lasp. 146
delavoyei Gasch. Dicr. 174
deleta Hof. Milt. 65
delete ( Rocci Zyg. earn. 29
delia Leech Drym. 176
deliana Gaede Fent. 176 ... 15 c

Delias Hbn. 171
demaculata Schtz. Cel. 150
dembowskii Oberth. Not. 180
Demopsestis Mats. 193
Dendrolimus Germ. 119, 285
denigrata Strd. Ocn. 73

Plate

j densoi Musch. Cel. 161
dentatu Gschw. Cel. 153
j dentatu Oberth. Heter. 208
I dentatus Cr. Pol. 142
| denticulata Oberth. Pyg. 184
dentifera Her.& H. Rham. 205 15 i

! denudata Dhl. Eup. 76 . . . 6 g

depauperata Cost. Zyg. trans.

39, 40

depauperata Henr. Oeon. 67
depauperata Rocci Zyg. trans.

39

depauperata Trti. Zyg. 29 . . 3 c

J deplana Esp. Lith. 68
j depravata Sag. Zyg. 36 . . . 3 0

| depravata Std. Dys. 58
J depuncta Rocci Zyg. 16
! depuncta Steph. Lem. 127
| derasa L. Habr. 188
j derasoides Btlr. Habr. 188
Deroca Wkr. 169
derosata Closs Diacr. 83
| derosata Schaw. Per. 131
1 derosea Maur. Thy. 188
J desaburrata Dhl. Pel. 69
I deserticola Brtl. Cel. 150, 153
164

deserticola Pow. Org. 98 . . 8 d

j desertorum Trti. Or. 215 . . 14 h

Desgodinsia Oberth. 130
J designata Aign. Mai. 110
Desmeocraera Wllgr. 175
J desmotes Trnr. Cel. 63
| destituta Stgr. Lym. 283
| destrigata Dhl. Milt. 65
I detrita Esp. Stilp. 99
detschi Oberth. Zyg. 30
deundulata Strd.' Alb. 103
{ D enter oh yalina D.- Torre 214
devittata Trti. Las. 113
( dharma Mr. Gang. 184
Diacrisia Hbn. 83
Dialithoptera Hmps. 62
[ diaphana Bgff. Zyg. 37
J diaphana Ev. Hyal. 90
I diaphana Rocci Zyg. 18
| diaphana Schaw. Par. 231
J diaphana Stgr. Zyg. 9
Diapliora Steph. 82
j dichotoma Leech Synt. 278
I dichroae Mell Rhag. 155
[ dichroma Hke. Zyg. earn. 30
| dichroma Rocci Zyg. 29
Dieranura Bsd. 174
Dictyoploca Lord. 131
J dido Wgn. Arct. 85
I dieckmanni Graes. Habr. 188
j dieckmanni Graes. Met. 115
Bieida Strd. 2, 249
difficilis Tutt Pyg. 185
diffusa Bgff. Zyg. eph. 43
J diffusa Rocci Zyg. trans. 39
diffusefasciata Gd. Eupr. 105 . 8 h

| dignensis Strd. Clet. 74
[ digramma M.-W. Macr. 115
j dilata Bgff. Zyg. 12
dilatata Bgff. Zyg. exul. 12
j dilatata Bgff. Zyg. pur. 7
j Biloba Bsd. 187, 194
Dilobidac ( Closs ct H.) 194
! dilucida Splr. Nud. 64 ... 5 i

| diluta Closs Ach. 137
j diluta Closs Dendr. 120
j diluta Closs Smer. 145
I diluta Draes. As. 66
diluta F. Pol. 192
diluta Rothsch. Lith. 68
J dilutibasis Gschw. Eud. 132
I dilutior Bub. Org. 97
| diluviicola, Bgff. Zyg. 2S
diminuta Houlb. Thy. 188 . . 14 a

| diminuta Tutt Oosni. 117
I dimorphica Vrty. Zyg. 3S

INDEX.

2D‘J

Plate

Dinawides Her. 205
diniensis H.-Schaff. Zyg. 28
dinioides Bgff. Zyg. 28
diplosema Stick. Hyph. 83
Diplura Rmb. 116
Dipsospliecia Splr. 233, 287
Dipturiella Strd. 116
discifera Closs Mim. 144
discisigna Mr. As. 66
discrepans Stndf. Am. 158
disjuncta Sag. Zyg. faust. 25
disjuncta Splr. Zyg. occ. 31 . 3 f

dispar L. Lym. i 00 , 233, 283
disparilis Stgr. Num. 283
disparina Mull. Lym. 100
dissoluta Bgff. Zyg. sedi 23
distinctus Kard. Illib. 6
distributa Wkr. Nola 61
Diurna 1

divergens Warr. Campt. 227

diversifasciataGaede Cosm. 117 10 b

divisa Bgff. Zyg. scab. 10

divisa Reiss Zyg. scab. 10

divisa Rocci Synt. 54

divisa Rocci Zyg. ach. 18

divisa Std. Synt. 53

divisa Vrbr. Zyg. 250

divisa Wkr. Eupr. 105

divisa Wkr. Synt. 278

djamila Schaw. Diaph. 82

dodonaea Hbn. Drym. 178

doerriesi Graes. Spat. 181, 184

doii Mats. Stilp. 99

doiranica Bgff. Zyg. 8

Dolba Wkr. 'l38

Dolbina Stgr. 140

doleschalli Hoi. Zyg. 277

doleschalli Ruhl Zyg. 42 . . . 4 h

dolosa Btlr. Dendr. 121

dolosa Stgr. Procr. 3

dominula L. Call. 89, 281 . . 7 i

doriai R. & Trti. Las. 113

dorsalis le C. Micr. 239

dorycnii O. Zyg. 43, 278

doryliformis auct. Cham. 235

draconis R. & J. Pol. 142 . . 12 d

draesekei Her. Allopr. 4 . . . 1 c

draesekei O. B.-H. Loph. 183

drastichi Hke. Zyg. 30

Drepana Schrk. 167

Drepanidae 167

drilon Rbl. &Zy. Retli. 147

dromedarius L. Not. 180

drueti Der. Spilos. 81

drupiferarum Abb. & Sm. Sph.

139

Drymonia Hbn. 177

dryope Cath. Arct. 87

dsidsilia Frr. Zyg. 23, 267

dubar Pow. Som. 198

dubernardi Houlb. Trisp. 193 . 14 a

dubernardi Oberth. Act. 129

dubernardi Oberth. Cose. 71

dubernardi Oberth. Eter. 4 . . Id

dubia Oberth. Zyg. stoech. 34

dubia Rocci Zyg. stoech. 35

dubia Sz. Zyg. stoech. 34

dubia Tausch. Org. 98, 99

dubia Tutt Not. 180 . . . . 14 d

dubiosa Her. Lim. 207

dublitzkyiO. B.-H. Micr. 78 . 6 k

ducellieri le C. Dips. 233 ... 16 f

dulcis Bgff. Zyg. 29

dumi L. Lem. 127

dumonti le C. Cham. 236 . . 16 h

duplexa Mr. Can. 168

duplicifimbria Warr. Strigl. 228
dumonti le C. Dips. 233 ... 16 e

Duomitus Btlr. 241
duplaris L. Pal. 190
duplolineatus Kr. & K. Dendr.

120

duponcheli Vrty. Zyg. 34

Plate

duponcheliana Oberth. Zyg. 36
duponcheliella Vrty. Zyg. 36
duponti Rocci Zyg. 28
dupuyi Bgff. Zyg. 27
dupuyi Oberth. Zyg. fausta 24
dupuyi Oberth. Zyg. earn. 28,

29, 30 ‘ 3 b

duskei Gr.-Grsh. Procr. 4
duthula Th.-Mieg Arct. 86
dyras Wkr. Mar. 143
Dysauxes Hbn. 58, 279
Dysodia Clem. 227
Dyspessa Hbn. 243
dystrepta Fisch.-Wald. Zyg. 14,

254, 255 . In

dystreptoides Reiss Zyg. 15

E.

ebneri Grosse Cel. 161

eboraceae Prest. Zyg. 37

eburnea Closs Psil. 138, 286

eburnina Std. Hyp. 97

ecki Chr. Zyg. 19, 258 .... 16 i, k

ecksteini Krss. Dendr. 120

edoensis Kaw. Nar. 203

edwardsella Tutt Fum. 224

effeminata Kard. Das. 96 . . 8 c

efflorescens Dhl. Phal. 184

ehnbergi Reut. Zyg. 31, 274

eiffingeri Aue Arct. 86

eingana Schs. Fent. 176

eisneri Gehl. Am. 157, 164 . . 12 d

elegans A. B.-H. Dolb. 140 . 12 a

elegans Bgff. Zyg. 42 ... . 4 g, h

elegans Pouf. Procr. 3
elegantoides Reiss Zyg. 42
eleonora Oberth. Herp. 5 . . . Id
elliana Bndm. Cel. 152
elongata Vrty. Zyg. wagn. 18
elongatissima Oberth. Herp. 5 . 1 e

elpenor L. Perg. 154, 159, 160,

163, 164

elpenorides Kotzsch Cel. 163

elpomali Muhr Cel. 160

elpotanica Dso. Cel. 159

else Niss. Arct. 85

elwesi O. B.-H. Micr. 79

emendata Vrty. Zyg. 38 . . . 4 d

emilia Stgr. Dysp. 243

emiliae Stndf. Sat. 133 ... 11c

emiliana Cast. Sat. 133

emirubra Vrty. Zyg. wagn. 18

emmanueli Oberth. Phragm. 74

endoxantha Pnglr. Pseud. 2 . la

Endrosa Hbn. 66

engadina Wlad. Cel. 159

eos Sterzl Zyg. 23

ephemeraeformis Haw. Thyr.

211

ephemerina Bgff. Zyg. 11

ephialtes L. Zyg. 43, 277, 278

ephialtoides Reiss Zyg. 43

Epichnopterix Hein. 212

Epichnopterix Hbn. 221

Epichnopteryginae Tutt 219

Epicimelia Korb 187, 193, 194

Epicnaptera Rmb. 118

Epicopeia Ww. 51

Epicopeidae 51

epilobii Bsd. Cel. 162, 163

Epiplema H.-Sche ff. 171

Epiponiponia Dyar 208

Epipyropinae 208

Epipyrops Ww. 208

eppingella Tutt Proutia 224

equitatis Roll. Call. 281

eradiata Bgff. Zyg. 21

erebaea Bgff. Zyg. 9, 251 . . 1 h

erebina Btlr. Gur. 148

erebus Stgr. Zyg. 9, 10, 19, 259

Plate;

eremella Vorbr. Cyb. 66
eremita Bndm. Lym. 100 . .

Ergolea Dum. 117
ericae Germ. Org. 97, 98
Eriogaster Germ. 112, 284
ernata Bndm. Cel. 150
erodiiphaga Bum. Cham. 238
erosula Lasp. Drep. 168
erschoffi Alph. Micr. 79
erschoffi»S'hp\ Zyg. 22, 264, 265
erubescens Sag. Zyg. 24
erythema Stick. Hyph. 83
erythraeformis Vrty. Zyg. 7
erythrina Schtz. Eud. 132
erythrocephala Esp. Pol. 192
erythroides Przeg. Zyg. 250
erythrosoma Rob. Zyg. 30
erythrus Hbn. Zyg. 7, 249, 250
erythrusoides Rocci Zyg. 8
escalerai Pouf. Zyg. 22, 262 .

escheri Stdfs. Zyg. 37
escorialensis Oberth. Zyg. 24,
270

esperi Oberth. Zyg. 43
espunnensis Reiss Zyg. 21 . .
Estigmene Hbn. 280
estonica Huene Dicr. 174
Eterusia Hope 4
etruriae Vrty. Zyg. Ion. 37
etrusca Vrty. Cel. 152
etrusca Vrty. Org. 98
etrusca Vrty. Zyg. stoech. 35
Euckaria Hbn. 75, 281
Euchera Hbn. 167
Eudia Jord. 132
euglossaeformis Luc. Cham.

235 .

Euhagena Edw. 233
eulalia Bgff. Zyg. 31 ....

euphaea Hmps. Cel. 63 . . .

euphaes Dso. Cel. 159, 162, 163
euphogrossei Gunth. Cel. 162
euphophorbiae Aust. Cel. 161
euphorbiae L. Cel. 150, 158,
159, 160, 161, 163, 164
euphorbiaella John Cel. 159 .
euphorion Hornst. Cel. 162
euphothymali Niep. Cel. 158 .
Euprepia O. 75
Euproctis Hbn. 103, 284
eupyrenaea Bgff. Zyg. 11, 253
europaea Bgff. Zyg. 30
curopaea Bgff. Zyg. 273
eurytion Brtl. Mel. 230
evanescens Schtz. Arcto. 99
evanescens Trti. Synt. 55
eversmanni Ev. Call. 144
eversmanni Ev. Las. 114
exacta Stgr. Dolb. 140
Exaereta Hbn. 175
examaculata Rocci Zyg. 32
examinata Kard. Lym. 100 .

exarcuata Bgff. Zyg. 24
excaecata Abb. & Sm. Smer. 158
excellens Closs Arct. 86
excelsa Rothsch. Zyg. 25 . . .
excelsior Vrty. Zyg. 255
excessiva Gillm. Mim. 144
excisa Wil. Crin. Ill

8 e

16 1, m

2 i

9, o-

1)

16 h

3 f
6 a

13 c
13 c

8 f

2 n

exigua Sz. Zyg. 25

exigua Std. Zyg. ochs. 34

exilioides Bgff. Zyg. 12

eximia Heyne Zyg. 272

eximia Oberth. Bh. 124

exornata Ev. Epipl. 171

expansa Houlb. Trisp. 193 . . 14 a

exsiliens Stgr. Zyg. 12, 253

exstinguenda Stndf. Am. 158

extensa Closs Oeon. 67

externofasciata Griinb. Dendr. 120

extincta Galv. Ptil. 183

extrema Reiss Zyg. occ. 31 3 1'

extrema Bndm. Rhyp. 281

INDEX.

300

Plate

extrema Reiss Zyg. eleg. 42
extrema Reiss Zyg. eph. 43
extrema Rocci Cose. 70
extrema Tutt Cosm. 117
extrema Tutt Zyg. trif. 36
exulans Hoch. Zyg. 11, 253
exusta Btlr. Rhod. 228

F.

facilis Tutt Pyg. 185
fagi L. Staur. 175
fainae Geras. Tar. 124
faitensis Std. Zyg. 14, 255
falcata Std. Hyp. 97
falcatae Hbn. Zyg. 43
falcataria L. Drep. 167
fallax Mats. Dendr. 122
falleri Reiss Zyg. 24
falleriana Reiss Zyg. 252
falloui Jourd. Orod. 77
famula Frr. Dys. 58, 279
faroulti Rotsch. Phragm. 75
farriolsi Sag. Zyg. 32
fascelina L. Das. 95, 282
fasciata B.-H. Oronc. 78 . . .
fasciata Closs Cose. 71
fasciata Closs Dicr. 174
fasciata Closs Mai. 110
fasciata Closs Spilos. 81
fasciata Dhl. Hyph. 84
fasciata Dhl. Lopli. 183
fasciata Dufr. Spila. 80
fasciata Esp. Arct. 85
fasciata Fit. Pent. 176
fasciata Gillm. Mini. 144
fasciata Harm. Lym. 101
fasciata Kais. Pha 1 . 184
fasciata Houlb. Mel. 189
fasciata Kraml. Clet. 74
fasciata Lamb. Lym. 100
fasciata Lenz Epic. 118
fasciata Mr. Irag. 204
fasciata Mr. Thos. 204
fasciata Pill. He. 138
fasciata Rbl. Cel. 63
fasciata Rbl. Milt. 65
fasciata Splr. Call. 89
fasciata Splr. Endr. 67
fasciata Teich Pal. 191, 192
fasciata Schtz. Dicr. 174
fasciatus Mr. Desm. 175
fatma le C. Cham. 235 ....
fausta L. Zyg. 24, 268
faustina All. Zyg. 26
faustina O. Zyg. 25, 271
faustula Stgr. Zyg. 26. 272
favonia Frr. Zyg. 13, 254
febretta Boy. Am. 214
felix Oberth. Zyg. 26, 272
felkeli Std. Synt. 56
feminicolorata Std. Hyp. 97
femorata Mem. Par. 123
fenestrata Ramme Synt. 53, 54
fenestrella Mezg. Sam. 130
fenestrella Scop. Thyr. 227
fennica Schtz. Dicr. 174
fentoni Btlr. Dendr. 121
Fentonia Btlr. 175
f erode Leech Par. 231
fereunicolor Oberth. Arct. 87
ferganae Shelf. Cham. 238
ferghana Stgr. Micr. 79
l'errea Closs Sph. 139
ferruginea Mats. Dendr. 122
ferruginous Steph. Haem. 145
ferulas Led. Zyg. 40
fervida Stgr. Phragm. 75
festal Trti. Cham. 238
f estiva Bkh. Hyph. 83

6 h
5 f

6 i

15 h

16 i

14 h

10 f

Plate

l f estiva Hufn. Arct. 88
festivella Std. Arct. 88
' feuerherdti Std. Synt. 56
filipendulae L. Zyg. 6, 33, 275
i filipendulae-major Esp. Zyg. 34
I filipjeri = filipjevi 170
filipjevi Kurd. Oil. 170 .... ] p

fimbriata Bgff. Zyg. 31
fiorii Cost. Zyg. 8*

! fischeri Diem. Arct . 88
fischeri Kr. & K. Dendr. 120
j fischeri Kunz Smer. 158
i fixseni Alph. Strigl. 227
j flammifera Houlb. Spil. 191
flammula Bgff. Zyg. 41
flava Bndm. Lym. 100 ... 8 f

flava Bgff. Zyg. fil. 33 . . ! 3 i

J flava Bgff. Zyg. hipp. 41 . . 4 f

flava Bgff. Zyg. mel. 31
flava Bgff. Zyg. stoech. 34
flava Dso. Cel. 153
flava Draes. Ag. 68
flava Dzi. Zyg. ach. 17
j flava Dzi. Zyg. pur. 9
flava Dzi. Zyg. scab. 10
j flava, Eucharis = lutea 281
j flava Haw. Lith. 68

j flava Hebs. Zyg. 18

flava Knd. Milt. 65

j flava Mats. Das. 282

j flava O. B.-H. Axiop. 85
flava O. B.-H. Micr. 78, 79. . 0 i

fava O. B.-H. Milt, 65
flava O. B.-H. Orod. 77 ... 6i
flava O. B.-H. Ut. 72
flava Oberth. Zyg. ach. 17
flava Oberth. Zyg. anth. 19
flava Oberth. Zyg. centr. 41
flava Oberth. Zyg. Ion. 37
flava Oberth. Zyg. rhad. 20
flava Oberth. Zyg. sarp. 14
flava Oberth. Zyg. trails. 40
flava Piesz. Zyg. scab. 10
flava Prss. Cyb. 66
flava Reiss Zyg. fausta 24 271 2 1

flava Robs. Zyg. 276
flava Rothsch. Phragm. 74
flava Rothsch. Zyg. fav. 13
flava Shelf. Arct. 85
flava Si eh. Zyg. trans. 39 . . 4 d

flava Splr. Clet. 74
flava Splr. Zyg. trans. 40
flava Stgr. Rhyp. 82 ... 7 c

flava Hoi. Zyg. zob. 257
flaveofulgens Dhl. Hyph. 84
flaveola Bndm. Cel. 152
J flaveola Bgff. Zyg. 28
I flaveola Esp. Zyg. 30, 272
flaveola Schtz. Eup. 76
flaveola Zick. Zyg. 11
flavescens Drt. Hyph. 83 . . 7 d

flavescens Gunth. Cel. 158
flavescens Lenz Epic. 118
flavescens Masl. Org. 97
flavescens Neum. Smer. 145
flavescens Rocci Zyg. wagn. 18
flavescens Oberth. Arct, 88
flavescens Oberth. Clet. 74
flavescens Oberth. Euch. 75
flavescens Oberth. Eup. 76
I flavescens Oberth. Hyph. 84
i flavescens Rothsch. Zyg. 12
J flavescens Rott. Cel. 152
flavescens Schtz. Phragm. 75
| flavescens Splr. Rhyp. 82
flavescens Trti. Zyg. trans. 39
flavescens Wkr. Mir. 205
J flavescens Wkr. Mon. 206
flavescens Wohn. Org. 98
flavia Fuessl. Arct, 87
flavicans Bsd. Phil. 66 . . 5 h

flavicollis Mr. Milt, 279
flavicornis L. Pol. 192, 286

Plate

[ flavida Btlr. Mel. 189
i flavida Oberth. Dips. 234. . . 16 f

j flavida Oberth. Phragm. 75
! flavidior Oberth. Rhyp. 83
j flavidior S.-Reth. Cel. 151
flavidorsalis Stgr. Mir. 205
| flavidorsalis Stgr. Nar. 206 . . 15 k

j flavilinea Tutt Zyg. 12
j flavimargo Leech Mel. 189
flavina le C. Cham. 235 .. . 16 f

J flavinrubra Bgff. Zyg. 41
flavipalpata Stgr. Ocne. 102
| flavissima Her. Nar. 206 ... 15 k

flavistigmata Tutt Pol. 192
flaviventer Krul. Lym. 101
flaviventris Stgr. Syn. 231, 232
flavobipuncta. Fvr. Zyg. 43
flavocincta Bgff. Zyg. 18
| flavocingulata Luc. Synt, 58
! flavofasciatus Kr. A A . Dendr
120

| flavogrisea Bgff. Zyg. 17
flavogrisea Leech Hyp. 64
( flavoinspersa Rocci Zyg. 18
j flavomaculata Mezg. Am. 145
j flavomarginata Closs Drep. 167
168

flavopraetexta Bgff. Zyg. 17, 18
flavopraetexta Hot. Zvg. zob
257

flavopurpurea O. B.-H. Met,

j flavoradiata Scliaw. Par. 77
I flavorosea Kard. Agl. 134 . . n d

1 flavosignata Closs Arct. 86
| flavosulphurea Stgr. Stilp. 99 . 8 k

j flavotergata Kard. Spilos. 81
f lav otriangulata Gd. Eupr. 104 . 8 h

fletcheri Tutt Pal. 191
fletcheri Tutt Zyg. 37
flexomaculosa Kurd. Spila. 80
floccosa Graes. Par. 77 ... . 6 li

florens Wkr. Chlor. 189
florens Wkr. Gaur. 193
florentina Vrty. Zyg. 29 . . 3 c

florescens Wkr. Cycl. 189
fluctuosa Hbn. Pal. 190
fo Wkr. Pseud. 138
foeminea Gn . Lith. 68
foeniformis H.-Schdff. Cham.

236

formosa H.-Schdff. Zyg. 22, 269
formosa Meves Dendr. 120
formosana Mats. Mel. 284
formosana Wit. Fent, 176
fortestrigata Scliaw. Cose. 71
fortis Lord. Mar. 143
fortunata Rmb. Zvg. 24, 270,

fortunei de VO. Synt, 57
fossa Slid) . Cosm." 117
foulquieri Oberth. Zyg. 24
fracticingulata Rothsch. Zyg. 13 1 1

fractimacula Sag. Zyg. 25
fraguarius Rbb. Lym. 100 . . 8 e

francki IP As. Anth. 130, 131
franckii Boegl. Pal. 191
franconica Esp. Mai. 110, 111
frater Warn. Par. 242
! fraterna Mr. Habr. 188
fraxini Haberh. Zvg. 262 263
264

fraxini Men. Zyg. 22, 258
1 frequens Mats. Dench'. 121
I freyeriana Reiss Zyg. 268
| frigidiochsenheimeri Vrty. Zv<>-
276

f ring si Stndf. Smer. 158
I frisia Mull. Spila. 79
fromkei Dso. Cel. 159
fuciformis L. Haem. 145
fujisana Mats. Illib. 6
fidgens Leech Micr. 202

INDEX.

301

Plate

fulgida Wil. Mir. 205

fuliginosa Reisser Paid. 65

fuliginosa Black. Endr. 67

fuliginosus Mr. Agr. 279

fulminans O. B.-H. Oronc. 78

fulminans Stgr. Arct. 88 . . 7 g

fulva Fett. Par. 77

fulva Lenz Ptil. 183

fulva Splr. Zyg. ach. 17

fulva Splr. Zyg. ex. 12

fulva Trnr. Syn. 231

fulvescens Klertx. Epic. 118

fulvia F. Zyg. 256, 473

fumata Strd. Phil. 66

Fume a Haw. 223

Fumeinae 223, 286

fumida Btlr. Lym. 283

fumidaria O. B.-H. Cose. 71

fumidisca Hmps. Lith. 279

fumosa Bank. Com. 64

fumosa- Brgr. Cel. 63 . 5 h

fumosa Horh. Arct. 86
fumosa Niep. Micr. 78
fumosa Oberth. Eup. 76
fumosa Oberth. Som. 198
fumosa Sandb. Phil. 66
fumosa Schutze Syn. 231
fumosa Sz. Endr. 67
fumosa Sterzl Arct. 88
funebris le C. Cham. 235
funebris Oberth. Arct. 88
funeralis Btlr. Schist. 167, 171
funerea Corn. Zyg. 32
funerea Fv. Cose. 71
funerea Warn. Cose. 70
furcata-radiata Engl. Arct. 86,

87

furcula Bryk Arct. 82
furcula Bryk Phragm. 75
furcula Cl. Cer. 173, 174
furva Leech Maim. 284
fuscescens Kotzsch Pach. 285
fuscicostalisFixs.lSajT.20Q . . 15 i

fuscifrons Warr. Epipl. 172
fuscoargenteus O. B.-H. Hep.

248 . 15 c

fuscocurvata Dhl. Cel. 63
fuscofascia Mats. Dendr. 122
fuscolatifasciata Mats. Dendr.

120

fuscomaculosa de G. Hep. 248
fusconebulosa de G. Hep. 247
fuscostigmata Strd. Pal. 191
fuscus Kr. cfc K. Dendr. 120
fusilineata Mats. Dendr. 121

ti.

gadollae Wgn. Org. 97
gaelica Kane Pal. 191
galactina Dhl. Leuc. 181
galactina Hoev. Are. 81
galidahli John Cel. 159
galiphorbiae Dso. Cel. 158, 161,
162

galitanica Dso. Cel. 160

galliae Oberth. Zyg. 24 ... 21

galliaegloria Oberth. Graell. 129
gallica Led. Hep. 247
gallica Oberth. Zyg. 9 . . . . 1 h

gallica Oberth. Zyg. 251
gallii Rott. Cel. 159, 160, 161,
164

gallivornica Gr. & K. Cel. 159
galloisi Mats. Syn. 233
Gangarides Mr. 184
ganna Hbn. Hep. 247
ganymedes H.-Schdff. Zyg. 23,
267, 268

garibaldina Std. Zyg. 20

Plate

gaschkewitschi Br. & Gr. Mar.

142

gasterope Pngl. Neor. 131

Gastropacka O. 119, 285

Gaurena Wlcr. 189, 193

Gaurenopsis Houlb. 193

gebhardti Horh. Arct. 86

gelida Schoy. Orod. 77

gelpkei DM. Orod. 77

gelukpaGWdePhe. 178 ... 14 d

gemella Leech Cycl. 189

gemina Bgff. Zyg. 34, 37 3 1

geminatus Say Smer. 15{3

gemmata Hmps. Dial. 62

genevensis Mill. Zyg. 24, 270

geniculatum Mats. Loph. 177

genistae Calb. Zyg. 16

genovensis Reiss Zyg. 29

genuensis Rocci Zyg. 35

genzana Mats. Synt. 58

geomeirica Drt. Oioz. 187

georgiae ‘Reiss Zyg. 19, 258. . 2 d

gephyra Ams. Mel. 230

gerda Warn. Rhyp. 82

germana Fldr. Synt. 57 ... 5 f

germanica Chapm. Fum. 224

germanica Reiss Zyg. 33 . . . 3 i

gertrudis Dann. Am. 158

geryon Hbn. Procr. 3, 4

geyri Rotsch. Chil. 116

gibrati Oberth. Lith. 69

giesekingi Wgn. Zyg. 257

giesekingiana Reiss Zyg. 9, 251 1 li

gigantea Gian. i. 1. Synt. 55

gigantea Mr. Mel. 230

gigantea Rocci Zyg. 34 . . . 3 1

gigantea Trti. Synt. 57 . . . 5 c

giganteomaculataCreTiZ. Cel. 152.

gigas Oberth. Pros. 150

gillyi Kys. Cel. 163

giussana Std. Zyg. 32

glacialis Mr. Agal. 5

glaciei Vrty. Zyg. 37

glaphyra Ev. Micr. 78, 280. . 7 a

glareola Fldr. Strigl. 228

qlasunovi Gr.-Grsh. Epic. 22,

119 . 10 b

glauca Strg. Micr. 78

glaucata Scop. Cilix 169

globulariae Hbn. Procr. 3

gloriosa le C. Sphec. 230 ... 16 c

Gluphisia Bsd. 177

glycirrhizae Oberth. Zyg. 36

Gnophria Steph. 70

godarti Oberth. Spilos. 81

goddrica Schs. Pydna 185

golubzovi Sor. Arct. 87

Goniloba Houlb. 188

gonneri Bndm. Cel. 150

Gonoclostera Btlr. 184

Gonophora Houlb. 188

gonostigma F. Org. 97

gotschmanni Stertz Chon. 1 10 9 b

gottscheeina Bgff. Zyg. 27

gracilis Fuchs Zyg. 36

gracilis Krul. Lym. 101

gracilis Spr. Coch. 217

gradiscana Std. Zyg. 29

gradli Meyer Par. 76

graeca Stgr. Zyg. 30

graeca Tutt Zyg. 8

graecella Mill. Psych. 221

graeseri Stgr. Not. 179

grahami Schs. Not. 179

gramanni Std. Zyg. 39

graslinella Bsd. Phal. 215

graslini Led. Zyg. 20, 259, 261 2 f

gratiosa Gr.-Grsh. Micr. 78

gratiosata Bttch. Micr. 78

gravesi Rbl. Cham. 236

grebi Pfeiff. Arct. 86

grentzenbergi Stgr. Cel. 150,

152, 162'

Plate

grentzenbergi-ziczac Wlad. Cel.

152

grisea Brem. Pter. 183

grisea Class Cel. 151

grisea Closs Smer. 145

grisea Closs Sph. 139 .... 12 c

grisea Dso. Org. 97 . 8 d

grisea Fuchs Lith. 68

grisea Gschw. Sat. 131

grisea Hmps. Roes. 62 ... . 6 b

grisea Hch. Not. 179

grisea Hoffm. Epic. 118

grisea Kilt Pter. 183

grisea Kraml. Clet. 74

grisea Oberth. Zyg. rhad. 20 . . 2 g

grisea Reiss Zyg. ach. 17

grisea Wohn. Org. 98

Griseogaurena Houlb. 189

griseola Hbn. Lith. 68

griseonympha Bndm. Cel. 151

griseothoracica Cab. Mim. 144

grisescens Bgff. Zyg. eryth.

250

grisescens Bgff. Zyg. pur. 7
grisescens Closs Rhyp. 82
grisescens Lexiz Epic. 118
grisescens Oberth. Gris. 189
grisescens Oberth. Zyg. fil. 33
grisescens Rbl. Dendr. 120
grisescens Rothsch. Cel. 63
grisescens Stgr. Staur. 175
groenlandica Horn. Das. 96 8 c

grossei Eh. Sat. 133
grossmanni RuM Zyg. 7 ... If

grotei Stick. Odont. 182
grundi Lork. Das. 95 ... . Sc
gruneri Stgr. Dips. 234
gschwandneri Kord. Cel. 158,

161, 163

guen4ei Oberth. Zyg. 20
gueneeiformisVrty. Zyg. 20
guerinii Guiart Spila. 80
guillaumei Oberth. Som. 198

gulussa Oberth. Som. 197 . . 15 1

giinneri Hke. Zyg. 43 ... . 4 k

giintheri Niep. Cel. 159 ... 13 d

gurda Led. Zyg. 35
Gurelca Ky. 147
guttivitta Wkr. Agr. 279

IS.

haberhaueri Led. Zyg. 23, 268

Habrosyne Hbn. 188

hades Metschl. Zyg. 37

hades Rbl. Perg. 154

hadjina Stgr. Zyg. 35

hadjinensis Reiss Zyg. 261 . 16 k

haematina Koll. Zyg. 19, 22,

258 . 2 e

Haemorrkagia Grt. 145

hainesi Holl. Epic. 51

halophila Std. Mai. 110

hamata Splr. Hyph. 84 . . . 7 d

hamelensis Pfl. Call. 89 . . . 7 h

hamilcar Oberth. Las. 114 . . 10 d

hampsoni Strd. Set. 205

Hamya Mats. 189

handelii Mell Mar. 143

handel-mazzettii Zy. Synt. 278
hansali Fldr. Lud. 134
Haplothyatria Houlb. 189
harmutlii Kord. Cel. 159, 163
haroldi Oberth. Cose. 72
haroldi Oberth. Eup. 76
haroldi Schaw. Neor. 131
harpagula Esp. Drep. 168
harterti Rothsch. Phragm. 75
harterti Rothsch. Zyg. 27 . . 3 a

liartigi DM. Spila. 80
hartwiegi Reisser Pol. 192

302

INDEX.

Plate

hassica Bgff. Zyg. 10
hastifera Std. Las. 113
hatita Drc. Can. 205
hauseri Rbl. Lem. 127
haverkampfi Lamb. Pol. 192
hayashii Mats. Num. 283
hebe L. Arct. 88
hebe Sz. Zyg. 23
hebeoides Staff. Arct. 86
hecta L. Hep. 247

hectica O. B.-H. Hep. 248 . . 15 e

hector Btlr. Syn. 233

hedericae Cast. Sat. 133

hedysari Hbn. Zyg. 27. 272

hedysaroides Trti. Zyg. 28

heinickei Hemmerl. Not. 180

lielena Bgff. Zyg. 8

helenae Grosse Cel. 161

belenae le C. Azyg. 244

helenoides Grosse Cel. 161

helgolandiae Strd. Das. 95

helicinella H.-Schdff. Coch. 217

helios opiae Set. Cel. 150, 151

helix Sieb. Coch. 211,212,218

helvetica Rothsch. Zyg. 40

Helvetica Trautm. Psy. 222 . 15 b

helveticaria =helvetica 222

hemerobia Hbn. Nud. 64

Hemerocampa Dyar 97

liemitaenia Schaw. Agl. 134

henrichoviensis Schtz. 77

lienricus Rbb. Ocn. 73

Hepialidae 247

Hepialus F. 247

herberti Ronn. Sat. 133

herculeana Rmb. Tliaum. 1<I7

heringi Braes. Illib. 6 ... l c

heringi Reiss Zyg. 8

heringi Z. Zyg. 8

Herpa Wkr. 5

herrichiella Strd. Eeb. 219

herrichschafferi Bgff. Zvg.

43

4

k

Herse Oken 138

herthae Std. Zyg. 38

herthina Std. Dys. 58 . .

O

O'

herthula Std. Synt. 56 .

5

&

C

herzegowinea Bgff. Zyg. 2

7

herzegowinensis Reiss' Zyg.

42

4

h

herzi Alph. Hyp. 242 .

16

b

herzi Trti. Synt. 54

5

a

Heterogenea Knock. 202, :

208

heterogyna Melt Act. 129

hethitica Dan. Dysp. 243

heynei Brtl. Haem. 145

hibera Vrty. Zyg. 36 ... . 4 a

hibernica Car. Not. 180

hibernica Oberth. Diaph. 82

hibernica Reiss Zyg. 249

hibernica Trnr. Pal. 191

hibernicella Chapm. Fum. 224

hiberuncula I ' rty. Zyg. 36

hiempsal Oberth. Som. 197

hilar ata Stgr. Par. 206

hilaris O. Zyg. 24, 270

hilaris Splr. Diacr. 83

hilar ula Stgr. Par. 206 ... 15 k

hilfi Reiss Zyg. 40 . 4 e

hilgerti Rothsch. Cldl. 116 . . ]0b

hillmanni Dhl. Ocne 102
himachala Btlr. Gur. 148
himalayana Mr. Acanth. 4213
himmighofeni Bgff. Zyg. 3 . 31

hipperti Lamb. Spila. 79
hippocrepidis Him. Zyg. 41
hippocrepidis O. Zyg. 40
hippocrepidis Steph. Zyg. fil.

33

hippophaes Esp. Cel. 151, 159,

160, 162, 164

hippophorbiae Dso. Cel. 161
162, 164

hippothymali Vlaeh. Cel. 160

Hippotion Hbn. 154

Hiradonta Mats. 180
[ liirayamae Mats. Das. 96
hirayamae Mats. Spila. 80
hirayamai Mats. Par. 231
hiroshimana Mats. Dendr. 122
hirpina Zick. Zyg. 249
hirsutella Hbn. Sterrh. 216
I hirsutella Kozh. Sterrh. 217
j hispana Vrty. Zyg. 41
| hispanica Rmb. Zyg. 14, 254
1 hissariensis Gr.-Grsh. Zyg. 31,
265

histria Bgff. Zyg. 27
histrio Wkr. Call. 89
hnatecki Frey Orod. 77
j hoehnei = hoenei 182
hoenei Gaede Melag. 182
hoenei O. B.-H. Neoch. 281
hoerburgeri Schaw. Pol. 286
Holcocerus Stgr. 242

holli Oberth. Org. 98 .

holli Oberth. Som. 198
holochrea Hmps. Ag. 67, 68 .
holsatica Saub. Cel. 63
homochroa Zerny Dipl. 116
homophora Bryk Eud. 133
Hoplitis Him. 176
horsfieldi Snds. Das. 96
hospita Schiff. Par. 76
houlberti le C. Mel. 230
houlberti Oberth. Kent. 140
| houlberti Oberth. Ocn. 73
! huebneri Bgff. Zyg. 41
j huemeri Stndf. Agl. 134
huguenini Stgr. Zyg. 36, 276
I humilis Rocci Zyg. 16, 256
hamuli L. Hep. 247
| hiittneri Stich. Agl. 134
| huttoni Mr. Neor. 131
! liyacinthina Mats. Dendr. 122
Hyala Bgff. 12, 254
Hyalina Rmb. 212, 214
hyalina Frr. Dvs. 279
hyalina Krul. Dicr. 174
hyalina Stgr. Illib. 6
Hyalocoa Hmps. 90
hyas Wkr. Gur. 147
Hybocampa Led. 178
hybridus Steph. Smer. 157, 164
hylas L. Ceph. 145
hymenopteriformis Bell. Dips
233

Hyperaeschra Btlr. 180
Hyperborea Gr.-Grsh. 74, 90
Hypeugoa Leech 64
Hyphoraia Hbn. 83
Hyphorma Hbn. 201
H yphormoides Mats. 201
Hyp ocrita Hbn. 90
Hypogymna Hbn. 97
Hypopta Hbn. 242
hyrcana A. B.-H. Synt. 57 .

I.

iberica Gn. Las. 113
iberica Schaw. Dendr. 1211
iberica Stgr. Zyg. occ. 31
ichinosawana Mats. Dendr. 121
ichneumoniformis F. Dips. 234
ichneumoniformis F. Syn. 231
icterica Stgr. Zyg. 43
icteropus Z. Cham. 235, 287
ignifera Kerb Zyg. 19, 258.
ignita Wkr. Dys. 227
ilia Bndm. Cel. 151
ilicifolia L. Epic. 118
iliensis Wrli. Acanth. 213 . .
iliensis W gn. Arct. 88
III i beds Wkr. 5
illunulata Dhl. Drym. 178

Plate

1 ill

14 f

8 d
6 b

13 b

5 f

4 k
2 e

14 g

I Plat

f illustreciliata Std. Hyp. 97
I illustris Dhl. Staur. 175
| illustris Schtz. Arct. 87
| imbuta Wkr. Est. 280
t imbuta F. Endr. 67
j imitabilis Her. Thos. 204
J imitatrix Her. Cer. 208
I immaculata Drt. Org. 97 . . g d

I immaculata Krug. Synt. 54
immaculata Krul. Lem. 127
immaculata Lor. Arct. 87
i immaculata O. B.-H. Orod. 77
immaculata Oberth. C'let. 74 6 e

J immaculata Oberth . Diacr. 83
j immaculata Mats. A. caja 87
i immunda Kurd. Das. 96 . . 8 c

| impar Rocci Zyg. 35
imparilis Btlr.' Spila. 80
imperfecta Dhl. Dys. 58 . . . 5 g

j imperfecta Gunth. Perg. 158
impulverea Nitz. Agl. 134
| impunctata Hof. Par. 77
impunctata Mats. Lael. 105
! impunctatus Kr. & K. Dendr. 120
I inaequalis Btlr. Spila. 80 . . 7 b

incarnata Wlad. Cel. 151
incendium Oberth. Zyg. 37
incerta Rocci Zyg. 28 ... 3 b

incisa Vrty. Zyg. 8
incognita Strd. Sphec. 229
j incompleta Oberth. Cose. 70
incompleta Rocci Zyg. 32
increta Wkr. Psil. 138, 286
indecorata Trnr. Thy. 188
indica Mr. Habr. 188
inexacta Wkr. Dolb. 140
I inexpectata Stgr. Par. 207 . . 15 k

infantula Kitt Cel. 63
I infausta L. Agl. 2
J inf emails Btlr. Spila. 80
j infernalis Hoffm. Drep. 167
j infernalis Ww. Sat. 146
influens Sterzl Zyg. 29
| infrapicta Strd. Micr. 79
! infumata Class Pros. 149
! infumata Gschw. Eud. 132
infuscata King Som. 198 . . 15 1

j infuscata Mats. Dendr. 121
infuscata Mats. Gluph. 177
J infuscata Rey Cose. 71
infuscata Stgr. Dysp. 243
infuscata Trti. Cel. 150

ingens Bgff. Zyg. 8 . . . .
| innocua Btlr. Cel. 63
| inopinata Bgff. Zyg. 20
J inops Dhl. Dys. 58
| inornata Std. Dys. 58
I inquinata Led. Acanth. 213
I insidiosa le C. Syn. 232
insignipennis Strd. Thaum.

107 .

insolata Dhl. Oeon. 67
insolitus le C. Par. 231
insularia Kozh. Clet. 74
insular is Houlb. Gam. 193
| insularis Stgr. Hole. 242 .

insulata Sieg. Par. 77
J insulicola Strd. Zyg. 20
| intacta Gaede Chon. 110 .

j integra Dhl. Orod. 77
j integrata O. B.-H. Micr. 78
| intercalaris Le. Arct. 85
; interfaunus Neumog. Calas.

156

1

O'

&

9 a
16 d

16 b

9 c

interjacens Bgff. Zyg. 39
intermedia Closs Dendr. 120
I intermedia Cost. Zyg. trans. 39
I intermedia Friv. Org. 97
intermedia le C. Cham. 235
[ intermedia le C. Par. 231 . . 16 d

| intermedia Mar. As. 66
j intermedia Mill. Mai. Ill . . 9C
| intermedia Prt. Euch. 167

INDEX.

303

Plate

intermedia Rothsch. Arct. 85

intermedia Rotlisch. Pach. 123 10 e

intermedia Rothsch. Zyg. fav. 13

intermedia Schaw. Drym. 178

intermedia Splr. Cose. 70

intermedia Trti. Zyg. 28, 29

intermedia Tutt Zyg. fil. 33, 36

intermediella Brd. Fum. 223

intermixta Vrty. Zyg. Ion. 38 4 b, c

intermixta Vrty. Zyg. 34, 277

interposita Bgff. Zyg. 30

interposita O. B.-H. Arct. 88

interposita Rothsch. Lith. 69 . 6 a

interpositella Strd. Lith. 69 6 a

interpres Schz. Drep. 168

interrogations Men. Arct. 88

interrupts- alb a Tutt Pol. 192

interrupta Bours. Zyg. 10

interrupts Christ. Cer. 173

interrupta Closs Ach. 137

interrupta Hke. Zyg. 9

interrupta HouTb. Pol. 192

interrupta le Ch. Mai. 110

interrupta Mats. Mai. 284

interrupta- ochrea Tutt Pol. 192

interrupta Reiss Zyg. scab. 10

interrupta Schaw. Par. 77

interrupta Splr. Pal. 191

interrupta Stgr. Zyg. purp. 8

interrupta Tutt Pol. 192

interspersa Rothsch. Cer. 173

intervalla Kozh. Cer. 173

intractatus Stgr. Hyp. 242

intricata Sag. Zyg. 36 ... 3 o

inversa Bgff. Zyg. 16, 24

inversa Gillm. Mini. 144

inversa le C. Syn. 232 ... 16 e

inversa Reiss Zyg. hil. 24

inversa Std. Synt. 55

inversa Tutt Anth. 130

inversa Tutt Pyg. 185

inversa Tutt Zyg. 38

inversula Fed. Pyg. 185

iphimedia Esp. Synt. 54

Iragaodes Mats. 202

Iragoides Her. 203

irata J . &K. Mar. 142 ... 12 e

irpenjensis H. & R. Zyg. 253

irpina Zick. Zyg. 7

irpinoides Bgff. Zyg. 7 . . . If

irregularis Hmps. As. 66 . . 6 a

irregularis Rothsch. Spilos. 81

irregularis Std. Zyg. 20

irrorata Mr. Not. 179

irrorella Cl. Phil. 66

irrorella Sulz. Endr. 67

isabella Meves Dendr. 120

isabellae Or. Graell. 129

isarca Vrty. Zyg. 8

isaria Bgff. Zyg. 42

Isoceras Trti. 244

isochroma Bub. Cose. 72

isolatella Strd. Org. 98

isolde Pas. Cel. 161

isshikii Mats. Dendr. 121

issyka Stgr. Micr. 79

issycus B.-H. Hyp. 242 ... 16 b

itala Bgff. Zyg. punct. 14

itala Bgff. Zyg. 255

italaparva Vrty. Zyg. 255

italica Car. Zyg. mel. 32

italica Rocci Synt. 54

italica Stgr. Zyg. 255

italica Stgr.-Rbl. Zyg. 14

italoanglica Tutt Zyg. 34

,1.

jachani Closs Cel. 151
jacobaeae L. Hip. 90

Plate

jacobsi Hmps. Lith. 68 . . . 6 a

jacobsi Pern. Cel. 161
jamaicensis Dru. Smer. 156
janeckoi Schaw. Diaph. 82
jankowskii Gehl. Clan. 141 . . 12 c

jankowskii Oberth. Aroa 282, 283
janthina Bsd. Zyg. 17, 256
janthinus Kr. & K. Dendr. 120
japona Hmps. Mel. 230
japonensis Rothsch. Spila. 80
japonensis Mar. Tak. 118
japonensis Tams Fent. 176
japonibia Mats. Odont. 182
japonibia Strd. Cel. 63 <,
japonica O. B.-H. Loph. 183 . 14 d

japonica Gaede Hole. 242
japonica Mats. Gastr. 285
japonica Motsch. Lym. 100
japonica Orza Ther. 154
japonica Rothsch. Phragm. 75
japonica Rothsch. Spila. 80
japonica Strd. Met. 64
japonica Wil. Gluph. 177
japonica Wil. Ochr. 181 ... 14 e

japonica Wil. Tars. 173
jeholensis O. B.-H. Arct. 87
jeuneti Oberth. Arct. 86
jezoensis Mats. Dendr. 119,

121. 122

jezoensis Mats. Neopr. 2 . . la

jezoensis Mats. Spila. 80

jezoensis Wil. <Sc S. Spat. 180

jodeides Mell Mar. 143

johannae le C. Zyg. 44 . . . 4 m

johanseni O. B.-H. Hyph. 84

johni Frings Gastr. 119

joiceyi Talb. Ocn. 73

jonasi Btlr. Calig. 130

jordana Stgr. Dysp. 243

jordani ClJc. Haem. 145

jordani Mell Sph. 140

jordani Nauf. Procr. 3 ... lb

josephi Hornst. Cel. 162
josephinae Schaw. Eud. 133 . 11a

josua Stgr. Las. 114 .... 9 f

jucunda Meissn. Zyg. 24, 270
judicariae Calb. Zyg. 34
judicariaeformis Rocci Zyg.
stoech. 35

jugi Bgff. Zyg. 40 . 4 e

juliana Rbl. Cel. 163
julii Gschiv. Sat. 133
junceae Oberth. Zyg. 25
juncta Hafn. Dys. 58
juncta Kauzki Pal. 191
jurae Vrty. Zyg. 8
jurassica Blach Zyg. 28
jurassica Bgff. Zyg. 41
jurassicola Bgff. Zyg. 41 . . 4 f

j jurassina Bgff. Zyg. 17
j jurassoboica Bgff. Zyg. 41

K.

kabyaria B.-H. Dysp. 243
kabylaria le C. Syn. 232 . . 16 d

kadenii Led. Zyg. 259
kahri Led. Or. 215
kalavrytana Shelj. Dips. 234
kalkanensis Reiss Zyg. 277
kammeli Std. Synt. 55
| kamtschadalis l)rt. A. caja 87 7 e

kamtschadalis Shelj. Pal. 190
kan Mats. Eupr. 284
karafutonis Mats. Das. 282
karapinensis Strd. Synt. 57
karapini Strd. Eupr. 104 . . 8 i

karategini Gr.-Grsh. Zyg. 22, 270
kareliae Bgff. Zyg. 37
karelica Bryk Diacr. 83

Plate

karelini Men. Axiop. 85
karvajszkyi Diosz. Com. 64
kaschmiriensis Rothsch. Dys. 58 5 g

kautzi Reisser Cham. 237
kavrigini Gr.-Grsli. Zyg. 22, 265,

269

kente'ina Bgff. 'Zyg. 10
Kentroehrysalis Stgr. 140
kerleri Reiss Zyg. 32 ... . 3 g

khenclielae Oberth. Som. 198
khumbeli O. B.-H. Hyph. 84
kibunensis Mats. Som. 112 . 9 e

kiesenwetteri H.-Schdff. Zyg. 20
21

kiesenwetteri Oberth. Zyg. 21
kiewensis Reiss Zyg. 278
kijevana Przeg. Zyg. 250
kiminensis Mats. Dendr. 121
kinder galli Grosse Cel. 161
kinder manni Led. Smer. 144, 157
kindermanni Led. Synt. 57
| kindermanni Oberth. Zyg. Ion. 34
38

I kindermanni Stgr. Micr. 73, 79
kindervateri Kys. Cel. 159, 160,

162, 163, 164

kindervateri Schaw. Cel. 63
kindervateri Schaw. Clet. 74
j kintertanica Gehl. Cel. 163
kirghisica Stgr. Mai. 110, 111
Kitanola Mats. 63
klapalecki = klapaleki Zyg. 29
klapaleki Joukl. Zyg. 29, 273
klugi Oberth. Som. 198
kohistana Gr.-Grsh. Zyg. 22, 265
266

kolbi Reiss Zyg. 255
kolleri Gschw. Sat. 131
komarovi Christ. Peth. 147
konewkai Frr. Arct. 87
Konokarcha Mats. 96
Kononia Mats. 118
kononis Mats. Dendr. 122
kononis Mats. Pyg. 185
korbi Griinb. Macr. 115
korbi Rbl. Not, 179
korbi Rbl. Pol. 192

korbi Reiss Zyg. 42 . 4 g

korbi Stgr. Alb. 103 .... 8 k

j kordofensis Rbl. Auchm. 225
koricnensis Reiss Zyg. 11 . . 1 i

korlana O. B.-H. Micr. 79
kostiali Eking er Cel. 163
koshantschikovi Pngl. Cham.

237 . 16 g

kozhantschikovi Shelj. Hyal. 90
krancheri Bdm. Cel. 151
krejae Strd. Diacr. 83
krejai Closs Diacr. 83
kricheldorffi Reiss Zyg. 252,
255

krombachi Closs Cel. 152
kroumira Oberth. Phragm. 75

kroumira Oberth. Som. 198 . 15 1

kruegeri Ragusa Synt. 53, 55 5 b

kriigeri Rag. Zyg. 36
kruegeri Schaw. Cel. 150
kruegeri Trti. Cel. 63 ... . 5 h

kruegeri Trti. Dysp. 244 . . 16 c

kruegeri Trti. Hep. 247
kruegeri Trti. Lym. 101 . . . 8 f

kruegeri Trti. Reb. 219 . . . 14 k

kuangtungensis Mell Ox. 140
kuhlweini Hbn. Phil. 66, 67
kulzeri Reiss Zyg. 259'
kunzi Dann. Am. 158
kurdistana B.-H. Dysp. 243
kurenzovi Filip. Sterr. 217 . . 14 i

kurilensis Mats. Cer. 174
kurilensis Mats. Dendr. 121
kuronis Mats K Eupr. 284
kusnezowi Koloss. Lym. 101
kwangtungensis Hew. Scop. 201

304

INDEX.

labasi Oberth. Agl. 2 .... l a

labiata Gd. Hapl. 189

lacertinaria L. Drep. 168

lacertula Schiff. Drep. 168

Lachana Mr. 99

lachesis F. Ach. 137

lacreuzi Oberth. Eter. 4

lacrimans Std. Dys. 58

lacrymans Bgff. Zyg. 24, 270,

271 . 2 1

lacteata Btlr. Asota 281
lacteella I) hi. Psy. 222
lactescens Oberth. Psy. 216 . . 15 a

Lacydes Wkr. 81
ladakensis Mr. Laeli. 99
ladakensis O. B.-H. Micr. 79 . 6 k

ladakensis Reich Call. 281
ladogensis Strd. Arct. 87
Laelia Steph. 105, 283
laemmermanni Oberth. Par. 76
laeta Hbn. Zyg. 23, 270 ... 2 1

laeta Lenz Eud. 133
lactifica H.-Schdff. Zyg. 23,

207 . 16 m

laetifica Std. Cose. 70
laetus Stgr. Hep. 248

laeva Pngr. Illib. 5 . id

lafitolei Th.-Mieg. Cel. 151,152
lahayei Oberth. Zyg. 26 . . . 2 o

Lambessa Stgr. 114
lampadouche Bgff. Zyg. 20
lamprolepis Hmps. Meg. 177 . 15 e

lanestris L. Er. 112
langi Stndf. Am. 158
Langia Mr. 143

laphria Frr. Zyg. 33 .... 3 h

laphria H.-Schdff. Zyg. 32
lapidella Rbl. Luff. 225
lapidicola H.-Schdff. Lym. 101,

283

lapponica DM. Not. 178
lapponica Teich Pter. 183 . . 14 e

Lasiocampa Schrk. 113, 284
Lasiocampidae 109, 284

lata Chr. Phil. 66 . 5 k

latefasciata Bub. Call. 89
latefasciata Lor. Arct. 87
latefasciata Schtz. Cel. 150, 151
latemarginata Bgff. Zyg. 18
latemarginata Reiss Zyg. 249
lateralis Mats. Dolb. 156
lateritia Mats. Dendr. 122
laterubra Vrty. Zyg. 20, 259
lathonialis Mill. Cel 63
laticincta Bgff. Zyg. mang. 22
laticincta Bgff. Zyg. val. 27, 29
lat.iclavia Reiss Zyg. 273
laticlavia Rocci Zyg. 28, 29
latifascia Gschw. Sat. 131
latifascia Mats. Dendr. 122
latifascia Wkr. Eupr. 104
latimarginata Gaede Bh. 124 . 10 b

latina Trti. Clet. 74 .... 6 e

latina Vrti. Zyg. 39 .... 4 d, e

latipennis H.-Schdff. Zyg. 42
lativitta Wit. Not. 179
lativittata Bryk Diacr. 83
latomarginata Rocci Zyg. 18
1 atomargi n ata Tutt Zyg. Ion. 37
latreillei Godt. Ocn. 73
lavandulae Esp. Zyg. 21, 34

260

lavanduloides Rocci Zyg. stoech.

35

lavaudeni Dum. Erg. 117
laxi Imx Spila. 80
ledereri Mill. Ocne. 103
ledereri Rrnb. Zyg. 15, 255
ledereri Stgr. Zyg. 32, 244, 249
ledereriana Bgff. Zyg. 38
ledereriella Brd. Psy. 223

Plate

! lederi O. B.-H. Arct. 87
lefevrei Oberth. Am. 214 ... 15 a

J leinfesti Rbl. Arct. 86
I lemniscata Stick. Ilyph. 83
i Lemonia Hbn. 127
Lemoniidae 127, 285
[ lemur F rings Not. 179
Lenyra Wkr. 230

i leonbardi Reiss Zyg. 28, 273 . 3 a

| leopardina Men. Rhyp. 82
lepida Cr. Par. 206
Lepidoscioptera I).- Torre 216
! lepidula Her. Par. 206 .... 15 k

Lepista Wllgr. 70
| leprieuri Oberth. Ocn. 73
Leptoclanis R. & J . 141
] leschenaulti Stgr. Or. 215
| Leucanacanfhia Wrli. 212, 220
! leucantiqua Klem. Org. 97
Leucodonta Stgr. 181.
j leucomelaena Oberth. Epic. 51
j leucomelas Oberth. Cose. 71
j leuconotum Btlr. Zeuz. 244
leuconotus Wkr. Xyl. 241
Leucophlebia Ww. 141, 142
| leucostigma Sm. & Abb. Hem.

97

leucotera Stick. Cer. 173
[ leukosticta Schaw. Cel. 62
j lewisi Btlr. Spila. 80 ... . 7 b

libani Bgff. Zyg. 21, 260 ... 2 h

| libanicola Bgff. Zyg. 23, 267 . 2 k

I libanotica A. B.-H. Synt. 57 . 5 e

libanotica Gelil. Cel. 153 ... 13 a

libanotica Zy. Fum. 286
| libyssa Pnglr. Cose. 72 . . . 6 c

lichenella L. Solen. 212
Lictoria Bgff. 16, 256
lidderdalii Drc. Cosm. 117
lignosa Btlr. Duom. 241
liguris Rocci Zyg. 35
ligustica Rocci Zyg. 17, 257 . 2 c

ligustina Bgff. Zyg. 17
ligustri L. Sph. 139
lilacina Mr. Alb. 169
lilacina Wlad. Cel. 151
lilacinaz’ia Leech Dec. 172
lilliputana Sag. Zyg. 25
limacodes Hufn. Cochl. 202
Limacodidae 201
Limacolasia Her. 207
limitans Rothsch. Zyg. 26 . . 2 o

lineata F. Cel. 153, 159, 160
lineata Reiss Zyg. 251, 253 . 16 k

lineata Ww. Leuc. 142
lineosa Vill. Pach. 123
linnei Reiss Zyg. 37 .... 4 a

lionvillei le C. Cose. 72
j lismorica Reiss Zyg. 276
j Lithocliares Warr. 1 87
Lithosia F. 68, 279
Lithosiinae 64, 279
litorea Bgff. Zyg. 39 ... . id

I littoralis Rothsch. Zyg. 13 . . 11

livopenor Mull. Cel.' 159 ... 13 b

j livorneuphorbiae Wolf. Cel.

i 159 . 13 e

livornica Bgff. Zyg. 29

livornica Esp. Cel. 153 159

160

l-nigrum Miill. Arcto. 99
J lochmatteri Reich Micr. 280
I locuples Wkr. Cif. 99

loewii Z. Ocn. 73 . 6 d

| loffleri Ehinger Cel. 163
longicornibus Vrty. Zyg. 36
j longipalpus Btlr. Micr. 201
j longipennis Mr. Norr. 185
| lonicerae Schew. Zyg. 37 256
277

j loniceraeformis Vrty. Zyg. 35
; Lophocosma Stgr. 177
Lophontosia Stgr. 183

Plate

Lophopteryx Steph. 183
loti Hbn. Zyg. 31, 42
loti O. Dipl. 116
loti Steph. Zyg. 37
loti Vrty. Zyg. 38

louisae le C. Cham. 236 ... 16 li

loyselis Oberth. Zyg. 12
lubricipeda auct. Spila. 79
lucasi le C. Syn. 231 ... . 16 e

! lucasi Oberth. Chil. 116 ... io d

lucia Oberth. Agal. 5
luciani Dso. Cel. 163
luctuosa Hbn.-G. Diaph. 82
luctuosa Oberth. Arct. 88
luctuosa Oberth. Call. 89
Ludia Wllgr. 134
ludicra Luc. Zyg. 12
ludovicae Pngl. Cer. 174 . . . 14 c

| ludovicior Gaede Cer. 174 . . 14 c

luecki Closs Hipp. 154
luetkemeyeri Std. Synt. 56
Jmffia Tutt 225
lugdunensis Bgff. Zyg. 271
lugdunensis Oberth. Zyg. 24 . 2 1

lugens Niep. Perg. 154
lugens Oberth. Cose. 71
lugens Schtz. Arct. 88
lugubris Niep. Anth. 130
j lugubris Ragusa Syn. 232
| lugubris Stgr. Dips. 234
lunigera Esp. Sel. 117, 118,

284

lunula Griinb. Drvm. 178
i lunulata Btlr. Das. 96 ... . 8 a

I lurida Gschw. Eud. 132
lurida Rothsch. Phragm. 75
j lurideola Zinck. Lith. 68
j lusitaniaemixta Vrty. Zyg. 277
[ lusitanica Stgr. Call. 89 . . . 7 h

| lustrata Trti. Tliaum. 107
1 lutarella L. Lith. 68
I lutea Closs Gastr. 119
1 lutea Gschw. Cel. 153
i lutea Hufn. Spila. 79
, lutea Oberth. Mai. Ill ... . 9 d

I lutea Rothsch. Arct. int. 85
lutea Schtz. Euch. casta 281 6 f

j lutea Stgr. Amicta 214
luteata Rocci Eud. 133
luteobasalis Niep. Gastr. 285
j luteola Leech Uerp. 5
luteomarginata Lamb. Oeon. 67
i luteoornata Klem. Lem. 127
; luteotincta Schtz. Per. 84
lutescens Closs Epic. 118
| lutescens Cock. Zyg. 33
1 lutescens Cut. Eup. 76
I lutescens Hew. Zyg. 37
lutescens Oberth. Zyg. Ion. 37
j lutescens Tutt Zyg. 7, 250
I Lycastes Hbn. 11, 253
I lydia Oberth. Eter. 4 . . . . id

lydia Stgr. Zyg. 23, 261 .. . 16 k

lydiae Krul. Poec. 112
Lymantria Hbn. 100, 283
Lymantriidae 95, 282

M.

macedonica Bgff. Zyg. 18, 257 2 d

macilentus Ev. Hep. 248
macraria Sag. Zyg. 25
Macroglossum Scop. 150
macromera Btlr. Par. 77
macrophegea S.-Reth. i. I.'

Synt. 55

macropis Geschw. Sat. 132
I macropis Lenz Agl. 134
| Macroplectra Hmps. 203
macrotaos Rbl. Sat 133 ... 11a

Macrothylacia Rrnb. 115

Publ. 13. II. 1934.

INDEX.

305

Plate

maculata Wllgr. Mim. 144
maculifera Klem. Cel. 152
maculosa Gem. Clet. 74, 75
maerens Stgr. Art. 5
maghrebica Joan. Chon. 109
maghrebica le C. Cham. 235 . 16 g

magiana Stgr. Zyg. 31, 265
magna Sz. 1) ysp . 243
magna Sz. Zyg. 7
magnolia Swh. Das. 96
magnalpina Vrty. Zyg. 8
magnaustralis Vrty. Zyg. 37
magnifica Kraml. Clet. 74
magnifica Paths ch. Enp. 76
magniplaga Gd. Eupr. 104
Maimaia Mats. 283
majellica Dhl. Call. 89 . . . 7 h

major Frey Zyg. Ion. 37
major Pimps. Nola 61
major Oberth. Cel. 150
major O. Sat. 133

majorella Rbl. Reb. 220 ... 14 k

Malacosoma Hbn. 110, 284
malacosomoides Rothsch. Chil.

116

malaisii Nordstr. Pal. 190
malatiana Stgr.-Rbl. Zyg. 22,

269

malatina Dzi. Zyg. 15
malatina Sz. Zyg. 15

malchani O.B.-H. Sel. 117 . 9 h

manastabal Oberth. Som. 198 15 1

mancha Rbb. Org. 98
manchurica Mats. Org. 282
mandarina le C. Sphec. 230
mandli Schaw. Spilos. 81 . . 7 b

mandschurica Oberth. Drym.

176, 178 14 d

mandschuriana Oberth. Mim. 62 5 h

manetti Trti. Apisa 59 . . . 5 f

mangeri Bgff. Zyg. 22 . . . 2 i

mangeri Bgff. Zyg. 269
manissadjiani O. B.-H. Axiop.

85

manlia Led. Zyg. 22, 260
mannerheimi Chard. Zyg. 16
mannerheimi Dup. Clet. 74
mannerheimi Sz. Zyg. 23
mannerheimi H.-Schaff. Zyg.

16

manni Aur. Zyg. 33
manni H.-Schaff. Zyg. 276
manni Stgr. Micr. 78
Manoba Wkr. 69
manonis Mats. Diet. 131
maracandica Ersch. Synt. 56
maraschi Dan. Lym. 283
marchica Closs Rhyp. 82
marcouna = mar cuna Zyg. 25
marcuna Oberth. Zyg. -271
margarethae Aue Arct. 86
margarita Hbn. Axia 194
margaritacea Wkr. Psil. 64
margaritosa le C. Cham. 236
margelanensis Reiss Zyg. 264
marginalis Mats. Dendr. 122
marginalis Mecke Mini. 144
marginata Bgff. Zyg. pur. 7
marginata Dhl. Eupre. 75
marginata Mr. Eupro. 105
marginata Rocci Endr. 67
marginata Warn. Pal. 190
marginedenticulata Oberth. Cel.

153

marginestriata Mezg. Spilos. 81
maritima Oberth. Zyg. 39
marjana Std. Synt. 55 . . . 5 b

marjanoides Std. Synt. 56
marmorata Rmb. Dysp. 243
marmorata Schtz. Per. 84
maroccana le C. Syn. 232
maroccana Oberth. Som. 190
maroccana Rothsch. Dysp. 243

Supplementary Volume 2

Plate

maroccana Rothsch. Zyg. 27 . 2 o

maroccensis Reiss Zyg. 13 . . 11

marsicana Dhl. Clet. 74 . . . 6 f

martinensis Reiss Zyg. 37
martjanovi Shelj. Syn. 233
Marumba Mr. 142
marumonis Sem. 180
marxi O. B.-H. Micr. 79 . . 7 a

Masonia Tutt 223
massiliensis Jord. Sph. 139, 140
massiva Oberth. Som. 197 . . 16 a

masuriensis Btlr. Our. 147. 148
matrana Bgff. Zyg. 10
matronula L. Per. 84, 28l
Matsumurides Her. 201
mauginii Trti. Mai. Ill
maura Eichw. Axiop. 85, 281
maura Oberth. Lym. 101
mauretanica Rothsch. Am. 214 14 g

mauretanica Stgr. Cel. 150,

153, 159

mauretanica Stgr. Las. 114
mauretanica Stgr. Zyg. 26, 272
maurorum Joi d. Sph. 139, 140
maxima Leech Lith. 187
maxima Trti. Dysp. 243
maximerubra Bgff. Zyg. 18
media Reiss Zyg. earn. 28
media Rothsch. Zyg. or. 26
medialis Jord. Sph. 139, 140
mediapicaliconfluens Vorbr.

Zyg. 276

medicaginis Bkh. Las. 113
medicaginis Dup. Zyg. 34
medicaginis Hbn. Zyg. 38
medicaginis Oberth. Zyg. 34
medioconfluens Hoi. Zyg. 276
mediodefecta Std. Zyg. 39
mediodivisa Splr. Euch. 75
mediointerrupta Vorbr. Zyg. 10,

11, 250

mediolinea Rothsch. Staur. 175
mediomaculata Splr. Arct. 87
medionigra Hof. Pol. 286
medionigra Rbb. Org. 98
| mediotosea Kraml. Clet. 74
i mediounita Rocci Zyg. stoecli.

35

medusa Pall. Zyg. 44, 278
Megaceramis H trips. 176
Megalopygidae 197
Meganoton Wkr. 138
megillaeformis Hbn. Dips. 234
megorion Bgff. Zyg. 11
meieri Std. Cham. 236
melaena Biez. Arct. 88
melaena Splr. Not. 179
melagona Bkh. Ochr. 181
J melagona Bkh. Drym. 182
I Melagonina Gd. 182
J melaina Dan. Phragm. 244

melaina Gross Agl. 130, 134 . 11 c

melaina John Anth. 130
melania John Smer. 156 ... 12 f

melanina le C. Cham. 235 . . 16 f

melanocera Hmps. Synt. 54 . 5 a

melanochroa Schtz. Ochr. 181
Melanocraspes Houlb. 189
melanopis Gschw. Sat. 132
melanopis Stdtt. Eud. 133

melanoptera Brahm Cose. 70 6 b

melanoxanthia le C. Cham. 235 16 g

melas Przeg. Zyg. 274 .... 16 m

meleagris Houlb. Par. 192 , . 15 g

meliloti Esp. Zyg. 31, 174 . . 3 g

melitensis O. B.-H. Phragm.

75 . 6 f

Melittia Wkr. 230
melliniformis Lasp. Syn. 232,

287

melusina Bgff. Zyg. earn. 29

melusina Oberth. Zyg. fausta 24, 28
menaggia Przeg. Zyg. 272

Plate

mencia Mr. Epic. 51
mendax Std. Synt. 55
mendica Cl. Diaph. 82
mendicana Strd. Diaph. 82
mendolensis DM. Zyg. 27
menephron Cr. Psil. 138, 286
menetriesi Ev. Call. 89
menoetius Bgff. Zyg. 32
menthastri Esp. Spila. 79, 80
meridiei Bgff. Zyg. 43
meridionalis Bgff. Zyg. Cor. 43
meridionalis Calb. Eud. 133 . 11 b

meridionalis Gehl. Smer. 144 . 13 a

meridionalis Hch. Arct. 87
meridionalis Sz. Ocn. 72
meridionalis Stgr. <& B.-H. i. 1.

Synt. 55

meridionales Vorbr. Zyg. scab.

11

mersina H.-Sclidff. Zyg. 35
merzbacheri Reiss Zyg. 263,

266 . 16 m

Mesembrynus Hbn. 7, 249
mesomelia X. Cyb. 66
mesomellula Strd. Cyb. 66
Mesophalera Mats. 176
mesoscia Hmps. Cel. 279 . . 6 a

mesotherma Hmps. Roes. 62 . 6 a

mestralii Bugn. Synt. 57
metallica Btlr. Pan. 149
metamelas Hmps. As. 66
Metanastria Hbn. 115
metelkana Led. Rhyp. 83
meteora Reiss Zyg. 28, 273
Meteugoa Hmps. 64
metis Oberth. Am. 157
metzgeri Bgff. Zyg. 43, 278 . 4 k

micans Frr. Procr. 3
micheli Grosse Diaph. 82
micingulata Oberth. Zyg. 41
micipsa Pow. Som. 198 . . . 16 a

micra le C. Cham. 238 ... 16 h

Micrarctia Sz. 74, 78, 280
Micrarctiinae 70, 279
Microcampa Kaw. 202
microchsenheimeri Vrty. Zyg.

34, 276 . 3 k

microdystrepta Vrty. Zyg. 255
Microleon Btlr. 201
microphaea Hmps. Clel. 6
Microphalera Btlr. 178
micropis T^enz Eud. 133
microsaria Sag. Zyg. 25
Microspheeia Bril. 239
microstoechadis Rocci Zyg. 35
milhauseri F. Hoplitis 176
militaris Oberth. Lym. 101
millefolii Esp. Zyg. 15
millieri Th.-Mieg. Ocn. 73
Miltochrista Hbn. 65, 279
miltosa Cand. Zyg. 41
Alimas Hbn. 144
Mhnerastria Btlr. 62
Mimozethes Warr. 172
mimus le C. Syn. 232 .... 16 e

minax Wkr. Hyph. 201
miniacea Oberth. Zyg. 17 . . . 2 b

minianiformis Frr. Cham. 235
miniata Forst. Milt. 65, 279
miniata Tutt Zyg. 33
minima B.-H. Dysp. 243
minima Oberth. Camp. 5
minima Rocci Zyg. ox. 20
minima Sz. Zyg. all. 26
minima Trti. Zyg. Ion. 38
minima Trti. Zyg. rom. 11
mimosa Wgn. Zyg. 31
minoides Selys Zyg. 36
minomonis Mats. Lym. 283
minor Btlr. Cech. 155
minor Clnapm. Fum. 223
minor Ersh. Zyg. coc. 23
I minor Joan. Hyph. 201

39

306

INDEX.

Plate

minor Rocci Zyg. earn. 28
minor Sz. Zyg. 26
minor Steph. Sph. 139
minor Tutt Zyg. ex. 12
minos Bsd. Zyg. 7
minos Hbn. Zyg. 7, 250
minos Ragus. Zyg. 7
minos Vrty. Zyg. 8
minschaniO. B.-H. Neoch. 281
minussignata Th.-Mieg. Arct.

88

minuta A. B.-H. Synt. 56 . . 5 e

minuta Sid. Dys. 58

minutissima Oberth. Procr. 3.

mipallida Oberth. Epic. 51

mirabilis Vrty. Zyg. 8 . . . . if

miranda le C. Dips. 234 . . 16 f

miranda Oberth. Cose. 71, 89

miranda Sind/. Smer. 158, 164

Miresa Wkr. 205

Miresina Her. 206

mirifica Oberth. Prep. 85

misera Vrtg. Zyg. trif. 36

miserrima Vrty. Zyg. 7

mitfordella Chapm. Finn. 224

mitfordi Oberth. Las. 113

mitisi Dzi. Zyg. 22

mixta Krug. Synt. 54 ... 5 c

mixta Bothsch. Mai. Ill

mixta Schm. Arct. 88

miyakei Wit. Clin. Ill, 285

modesta Bgff. Zyg. 28, 29

modesta Bgff. Zyg. 273, 274

modesta Krul. Dys. 58

modesta Ky. Das. 96

modica Dhl. Exaer. 175

moerens Oberth. Arct. 88

moerens Oberth. Eter. 4

moerens Strd. Diacr. 83

moesia Swh. Lym. 101

mogadorensis Oberth. Som. 198

mogadorensis Blach. Synt. 58
moira Dhl. Ach. 137
moltrechti Grunb. Syr. 117 . 10 a

moltrechti Oberth. Not. 179 . 15 f

molybdoceps Hmps. Aeg. 229
monacensis Daniel Zyg. 270
monacha L. Lym. 100, 283
monachalis Haw. Roes. 62 . 5 h

monbeigi Gaede Sel. 117
moncaunella Chapm. Or. 215. 15 a

Monema Wkr. 206
mongoliana Btlr. Rhag. 155
mongolica Alph. Micr. 79
mongolica Gr.-Grsh. Sel. 117
mongolica Her. Set. 205. . . 15 h

monogramma Her. Praes. 204 . 15 h

monosignata Rocci Synt. 54
monosignata Trti. Synt. 53 . 5 a

montana Bur. Lem. 127
montana Gian. Diacr. 83
montana Rothsch. Zyg. 13 . . Ik
montana R.&J. Gur. 147, 148 12 d

montana Vorbr. Epichn. 221
montandoni le C. Cham. 237 16 g

montanella Heyl. Epi. 221
montelli Lofq. Sphec. 229
montenegrina Bgff. Zyg. 12
montion Dhl. Not. 178
montivaga Vrty. Zyg. 35 . . 3 m

morataria = moratoria 171
moratoria Leech Epipl. 171
morio L. Hyp. 97
morio R. & J. Sph. 139
morisca Oberth. Ocn. 73 . . . 6 e

mortua Stgr. Diacr. 83 . . . 7 c

mosana Lamb. Cel. 151
moupinicola Strd. Syn. 233
muecki Kraml. A. caja 87
miilleri Gloss Dendr. 120
multicolor Wlad. Cel. 152
rnundana L. Nud. 65
muramatsui Raw. Mir. 206

murciensis Reiss Zyg. 25, 271
murina Hbn. Paid. 65
murina King Am. 214
murina Oberth. Cose. 71
[ mus Oberth. Lym. 101 . .

muscella F. Or. 215, 223
muscerda Hufn. Pel. 65, 69
muscularia Wkr. Drep. 168
niusculus Wgn. Haem. 145
mussolinii Trti. Hyp. 242
mussoti Oberth. Per. 84
mutabilis Trti. Ocn. 73 . . .
mutans Dhl. Endr. 67
mutata Trti. Ocn. 73 ... .
j myodes Drc. Zut. 22
myopaeformis Bkh. Syn. 232
myops Hbn. Galas. 156
myosotis 8 chaw. Ach. 137
I myra Swh . Parad. 172
| mystrocera Pngl. Procr. 4 . .

N.

nachiensis Mar. Das. 282
naga Mr. Acos. 147
nagoyana Mats. Das. 282
namurica Strd. Spila. 80
nanula Steph. Phal. 184
napoleona Schaw. Axia 194'
nararia Mr. Macr. 203
Narosa Wkr. 203
Narosoideus Mats. 205, 206
| naryna O. B.-H. Micr. 78
J naryna Bgff. Zyg. 9
Natada Wkr. 203
natlyi Aign. Hyp. 97
natolica Reiss Zyg. 38 . . .

nawai Dyar Epip. 208
neapolitana Calb. Zyg. 11, 252
nebulosa Bryk Diacr. 83 . .

nebulosa Gehl. Cel. 152 .. .
nebulosa Reich Micr. 280
nebulosus Alph. Hep. 248
nehallenia Oberth. Spila. 80
nelcinna Mr. Nossa 171
Neoclielonia Draes. 89, 281
neopalaearcticus Stndf. Smer.

157, 164

Neoploca Mats. 193
j Neopryeria Mats. 2
Neoris Mr. 131
neptunus O. B.-H. Oronc. 78
nessus Dru. Ther. 154
neumanni Bndm. Stilp. 99
neustrensis Klein. Mai. 110
neustria L. Mai. 110, 284
nevadae Oberth. Thyr. 227
| nevadensis Oberth. Cose. 71
| nevadensis Rmb. Zyg. 11, 251,

newmani Tutt Not. 180
nicaea Prun. Cel. 153, 160
J nicaea Stgr. Zyg. 25, 270
| nicetia Schs. Cer. 174
niepeltiana Strd. ILyph. 84
| nigerrima Gehl. Cel." 151
nigerrima Reiss Zyg. stoech. 35
nigerrima Rocci Zyg. mel. 32
nigerrima Salzl Cel. 151
[ nigerrima Trti. Eup. 76
j nigerrima Zick. Zyg. 11, 252
j nigra B.-H. Thyr. 227 . .

| nigra Dietze Coss. 241
| nigra Dzi. Zyg. coc. 23
nigra Dzi. Zyg. frax. 22
nigra Dzi. Zyg. man. 22
nigra Dzi. Zyg. mel. 32
nigra Dzi. Zyg. sogd. 265
nigra Dzi. Zyg. wag. 17
nigra Gehl. Cel. 151 ....

nigra Hmps. Das. 96, 282

Plate
2 m, n

8g

6 d
6 d

1 c

4 c

1 i
7 c
13 d

1 k

16 a

13 e

nigra Reiss Zyg. occ. 31
nigra Reiss Zyg. pur. 7
nigra Schm. Deil. 146
nigra Splr. Cose. 70
nigra Vrty. Zyg. Ion. 38
nigralbata Warr. Euch. 167
nigrana Cab. Hip. 90
nigrans Joan. Mon. 206 . . .
nigraplaga Wit. Oecet. 213
nigrata Dzi. Zyg. stoech. 35
nigrata Reiss Zyg. sarp. 14
nigrata Schtz. Euch. 75 . .
nigratransiens Dzi. Zyg. 30
nigrescens Houlb. Pol. 192
nigrescens Mats. Dendr. 121
nigrescens Reiss Zyg. occ. 31
nigrescens Rocci Zyg. earn. 29
nigrescens R. & J. Cel. 152
nigrescens Stdlt. A. caja 87
nigrescens Stgr. Am. 214
nigribasalis Mats. Dendr. 120
nigricans Bgff. Zyg. 29
nigricans Closs Cel. 151
nigricans-confluens Romb.

Arct. 87

nigricans Kemp. Call. 89 . .

nigricans Oberth. A. vill. 87
nigricans Oberth. Zyg. hipp. 41
nigricans Oberth. Zyg. trif. 36
nigricans Splr. PoL 192
nigricans Stgr. Or. 215 . . .

nigricornis Alph. Synt. 56, 279
nigricornis Dhl. Synt. 54
nigricosta Mats. Hyp. 180
nigrifrons le C. Cham. 238
nigrifulva Gd. Eupr. 105 . .

nigrina Bgff. Zyg. mel. 31 . .
nigrina Bgff. Zyg. 274
nigripes Hmps. Lith. 279
nigriplagiata Gaede Lym. 101
nigripunctata Warn. Arcto. 99
nigrita Mannes Spila. 80
nigrita Wagn. Dysp. 243
nigritula Stgr. Dysp. 243
nigroaeacus Bgff. Zyg. 43
nigrobarbata Rbl. Cham. 235
nigrociliata Hoffm. A. caja 87
nigrociliata Schaw. Cose. 70
nigrocincta Rocci Zyg. 29 . .
nigrodorsata Reich Spil. 280
nigrofascia Wil. Aroa 283
nigrofasciata Graes. Pol. 193
nigrofasciata Igel Cel. 152
nigrofasciata Kief. Phal. 184
nigrofasciata Mats. Dendr. 121
nigrofasciatus Kr. & K. Dendr.
120

nigrofascicula Graes. Pol. 193
nigrogrisea Peets Lith. 68
nigroguttata Mats. Desm. 175
nigroicteria Hot. Zyp. 43
nigroinspersa Bgff. Zyg. 39
nigrolineata Mats. Dendr. 122
nigromarginisO. B.-H. Micr.78
nigronervata Gaede Odont. 183
nigropennalis Stdtt. A. caja 87
nigroradiata O. B.-H. Micr. 78
nigrosignata Bndm. Eupr. 99,
104

nigrostriata Schaw. Spilos. 81
nigrosupposita Bgff. Zyg. 29
nigrotecta Dhl. Das. 95
nihonica Brtl. Syn. 233
nikkoensis Mats. Lopli. 183
niloticus Joan. Par. 242
nina Mell Zenz. 143
niphaphylla J. <Sc K. Thib.

149

niphona Btlr. Zyg. 32, 275
niphonica Gaede Nossa 171
niphonica Hori Fum. 224
niphonis Btlr. Eupr. 104, 284
nisseni Oberth. Phragm. 74

Plate
3 f

15 i
3 m
6 f
15 g

I i

14 h
5 d

8 i
3g

8f,g

3 b

15 f

Plate

nisseni Pow. Som. 198
nisseni Rothsch. Ocne. 102 . . 8 k

nisseni Rothsch. Zyg. 21, 260
nisseni R. & J ■ Sph. 139
nitidella Won. Fum. 223, 224
nitobeana Mats. Thos. 204

nivalis Stgr. Das. 95 . 8 a

nivea Mats. Sliir. 182

nivea O. B.-H. 88 Arctia

nivellei Oberth. Ps. 216 ... 14 i

nobilis Drc. Euh. 233

nobilis Reiss Zyg. 263 .... 161

nobilis Stgr. Phrix. 202

nocturnalis Stick. Odont. 286 . 14 e

nogelli Led. Ocn. 73

nohirae Mats. Dendr. 121

Nola Leacli 61

Nolinae 61

nora Stgr. Ocne. 103 .... 8 g

nordlandica Strd. Odont. 182,

286

norma le C. Dips. 234. ... 16 f

normanna Vrty. Zyg. 8 . . . If

Norraca Mr. 185
norvegica Strd. Orod. 77
Nossa Ky. 171
Notodonta O. 178
Notodontidae 1. 167, 173, 286
nox Rondo. Arct. 87
nubigena Birch Zyg. 249
nubigena Led. Zyg. 8, 249
nubila Car. Hyph. 84
nubila Stgr. Azyg. 244
nuda Hbn. Nud. 64
Nudaria Haw. 64

nudella O. Eel). 220 .... 14 k

Nudina Stgr. 65

Numenes Wkr. 283

numicusaria Warr. Dec. 172

nupera Trti. Org. 98 ... . 8 b

nuratanya Bgff. Zyg. 30 . . 3 e

Nyctalemon Halm. 171

Nyctemerinae 90

nycteris John Hyp. 242

nylanderi Wrli. Coch. 218 . . 14 i

nymphaea Bndm. Cel. 152

O.

oberthuri Bndm. Cel. 151
oberthiiri Dzi. Zyg. 34
oberthiiri Houlb. Sar. 187
oberthuri le C. Dips. 233 . . 16 e

oberthuri le C. Sphec. 230 . . 16 d

oberthuri Luc. Chil. 116
oberthiiri Luc. Lym. 101
oberthuri Oberth. Arct. 85
oberthueri Rothsch. Ocn. 73
oberthuri Tutt Am. 157
oberthuriana Bgff. Zyg. 34
obliqua Leech Heter. 202
obliquizonata Miy. Spila. 80
oblita Krug. Synt. 54
obliterata Dhl. Endr. 67
obliterata Hard. Rhyp. 83
obliterata Shelj. Per. 84
obliterata Wit. & S. Staur. 175
obliterata Wil. Staur. 179
oblonga Pouj. Mel. 189
oblongomacula Vrty. Zyg. 276
obscura Bub. Ocne. 102
obscura Closs Cosm. 117
obscura Closs Ptil. 183
obscura Closs Smer. 144
obscura Ckll. A. caja 86
obscura Her. Ang. 205 . . . . 15 h

obscura Hoffm. Pter. 183
obscura le C. Micr. 239
obscura Oberth. Euch. 75
obscura Oberth. Zyg. rhad. 21
obscura Rehb. Rhyp. 82, 281

INDEX.

Plate

obscura Reiss Zyg. rhad. 20 . 2 g

obscura Reuss Procr. 3

obscura Schaw. Oeon. 67

obscura Sclitz. Rhyp. 82

obscura Schwing. Ptil. 183

obscura Splr. Pal. 191

obscura Splr. Pol. 192

obscura Std. Drep. 168

obscura Tutt Zyg. purp. 249

obscura Vorbr. Thaum. 107 . 9 a

obscurascens Stdr. Euch. 75

obscurascens Stdr. Rhyp. 82

obscurata Bttch. Micr. 78

obscurata Closs Ach. 137

obscurata Closs Haem. 145 . 12 a

obscurata Dhl. Cel. 153

obscurata Niep. Cel. 153

obscurior Oberth. Euch. 75

obscurior Th.-Mieg. Arct. 85

obsoleta Haanshus Cer. 173

obsoleta Lamb. Agl. 134

obsoleta Lenz Epic. 118

obsoleta Mats. Dendr. 121

obsoleta Mr. As. 66

obsoleta Stgr. Smer. 144

obsoleta Tutt Zyg. trif. 36

obsoleta Wkr. Lym. 283

obsoleta Wnuk. Lym. 100

obturata le C. Cham. 236

occidentals Oberth. Zyg. loys.

12

occidentalis Oberth . Zyg. trans.

41 . . 4 g

occidentalis Rothsch. Phragm.

74

j occidentis Bgff. Zyg. 12
occitanica Vill. Zyg. 28, 31, 274
ocellata L. Smer. 145, 156, 157,

164

ocellata Oberth. Alb. 169 ... 10 g

ocellata Statt. A. caja 87
ocelloastylus John Smer. 156,

157 . . . • 12 f

ocelloplanus John Smer. 156 . 12 e

ochracea Btlr. Ox. 140, 141
ochracea Hart. Las. 113
ochracea Her. Nar. 203
ochracea Lamb. Drep. 168
ochracea Leech Plerp. 5
ochracea Melt Arc. 81
ochracea Mr. Oxypl. 202
ochracea O. B.-H. Mar. 143
ochracea Th.-Mieg Ocn. 73
ochracea Vorbr. Not. 179
ochracea Wnuk. Lym. 100
ochrata Wgn. Rhyp. 82
ochrea Melt Mar. 143
ochrea Mill. Dys. 58 ... . 5 f

ochreola Hbn. Lith. 68
ochrilineata Gel. Eupr. 105 . 8 i

ochrivena Hmps. Met. 64
ochromaculata Fuchs Call. 89
ochroptera Fldr. Epiz. 22.
Ochrostigma Hbn. 181
ochsenheimeri Trti. Synt. 54
ochsenheimeri Z. Zyg. 276
Ocneria Hbn. 102
Ocnerogyja Stgr. 102
Ocnogyna Led. 71, 79, 280
octonotata Bgff. Zyg. 20
octonotata Reiss Zyg. occ. 31
octonotata Trti. Zyg. earn. 27,

29

octopunctata Bsd. Zeuz. 244
octornata Reiss Zyg. 29
ocularis L. Pal. 190, 191
Odonestis Germ. 112, 119, 285
Odontosia Hbn. 182, 286
Odontosina Gd. 182
Oeonistis Hbn. 67
oertzeni Led. Eup. 76
ogasawarae Mats. Alb. 169
Oiozona Drt. 187

307

| Plate

okiensis Miy. lath. 68
okinawana Mats. Rhyp. 83
okinawanus Mats. Mats. 201
olaria Rbb. Ocn. 73

| olbiana Oberth. Zyg. 36 . . . 3 o

J oldenlandiae F. Ther. 154
j olga Oberth. Das. 95
oliva A. B.-H. Neor. 131
olivacea Closs Cel. 151
olivacea Houlb. Chlor. 189

olivacea Houlb. Gaur. 189 . . 14 b

olivacea Mats. Dendr. 121
olivacea Rothsch. Zyg. 13 . . 11

olivacea Tutt Las. qu. 113 . . 9 e

olivacea Warn. Poec. Ill
olivacens Melt Ther. 155
olivieri Bsd. Zyg. 22, 23, 266. 16 m

ollivryi Oberth. Smer. 145
omniconfluens Hoi. Zyg. cyn.

255

omniconfluens Vorbr. Zyg. mel.

274

omniconfluens Vorbr. Zyg.

trans. 40, 250

omninolimbata Std. Hyp. 97
onobrychis Bkh. Zyg. 27, 28
onobrychis Esp. Zyg. 29 . . 3d

onobrychis Schiff. Zyg. 273
onobrychoides Bgff. Zyg. 29
ononidis Mill Zyg. 24 ... 21

opaca Blach. Zyg. 13
opalescens Alph. Psid. 188
opalescens Oberth. Alb. 169 . . 10 g

operosa Stndf. Am. 157
opulenta Kurd. Spilos. 81
or F. Pal. 190
orana Aust. Procr. 3
orana Dup. Zyg. 25, 26

orana Pow. Org. 98 . 8 d

oranoides Sag. Zyg. 25 . . . 2 m

oraria Vrty. Zyg. 35

orbata Gr.-Grsh. Smer. 144

orbiculifera Zy. Synt. 53

orbimaculata Strd. Dil. 194

ordgara Schs. Phal. 184

Oreta Wkr. 170

Oreopsyche Spr. 215

Orgyia O. 97, 282

oribasus H.-Schdff. Zyg. 22,

263

orientalis Aust. Cel. 153
orientalis Gaede Coss. 241
orientalis Horm. Zyg. 37
orientalis Oberth. Mai. Ill
orientis Bgff. Zyg. 23, 270
orion Calb. Zyg. 11
orion H.-Schdff. Zyg. 11, 252
orion Vrty. Zyg. 11
orionides Bgff. Zyg. 11
ornata Bgff. Zyg. 22, 26, 29,

264 . 16 1

ornata Bgff. Zyg. occ. 31

ornata Leech Psid. 188

ornata Sag. Zyg. occ. 31

ornata Skala Synt. 53

ornata Stgr. Hyph. 83

Orodemnias Wllgr. 77

Oroncus Sz. 74, 77, 89

orophila Wrli. Acanth. 213 . . 14 g

orophila Zukow Sphec. 229

osmiaeformis H.-Schdff. Cham.

237

osterodensis Reiss Zyg. 10 . 1 i
osthelderi Bgff. Zyg. 17 . . . 2 c
osthelderi Daniel Coss. 241,

287

osthelderi Pngl. Chon. 110 . . 9 b

otus Drury Pach. 285
oxiana Djak. Par. 177
Oxyambulyx R. & J . 140
Oxyplax Hmps. 202
oxytropif evens Vrty. Zyg. 21
oxytropis Bsd. Zyg. 19, 259 . 2 e

308

INDEX.

i*.

Pacliypasa Wkr. 123, 285
Pachythelia Ww. 213
pacifica Molir. Not-. 179
padana Rocci Zyg. 29
paeonia Bgff. Zyg. 30 . . .
Paidia Hbn. 65
palaestinae limps. Synt. 57
palaestinensis Brtl. Cer. 174
palaestinensis Stgr. Las. 113
palaestrana Stgr. Chon. 110
Palimpsestis Hbn. 187, 190
paliura Swh. Asota 281
pallens Cab. Hip. 90
pallens Jord. Cypa 143
pallens Mill. Endr. 67
pallens Oberth. Zyg. epli. 43
pallescens Mats. Dendr. 121
pallescens Mell Clan. 142
pallescens Oberth. Epic. 51
pallescens Rocci Cer. 173
pallicosta Mell Rbag. 155
pallida Aign. Clet. 74
pallida Btlr. Cose. 70
pallida Closs Cel. 151
pallida Closs Dendr. 120
pallida Closs Ptil. 183
pallida Drt. Hyph. 83 . . .
pallida Gaede Loph. 183
pallida Gunfh. Perg. 158
pallida Her. Can. 205
pallida Hoffm. Ptil. 183
pallida Marech. Loph. 183
pallida Oberth. Zyg. eph. 43
pallida Oberth. Zyg. hil. 24
pallida Osth. Macr. 115
pallida Pack. Lith. 68
pallida Reiss Zyg. fil. 33 . . .
pallida Rothsch. I) ysp. 243
pallida Rothsch. Ocn. 72
pallida Rothsch. Phragm. ful.

75

pallida Schonf. Par. 76
pallida Splr. Cosm. 117
pallida Steph. Drep. 167
pallida Th.-Mieg Macr. 115
pallida Tutt Amorph. 145
pallida Tutt Mai. castr. 110
pallida Tutt Zyg. ex. 12
pallida Wkr. Sus. 203
pallidata Stgr. Dysp. 243
pallidior Oberth. Zyg. trans. 41
pallidula Strd. Clet. 74
pallifrons Z. Lith. 68
pallipes le C. Cham. 236
pallivenata Mats. Spila. 80
palpina L. Pter. 183
paludella Dhl. Coch. 218
palustrella Vrty. Zyg. 36
palustris Kautz Cham. 237
palustris Oberth. Zyg. 36
pamira Shelf. Zyg.' 23, 270
pamirensis Hmps. Procr. 3
Panacra Wkr. 148
panlacroixi Oberth. Org. 98
pannosa Mr. Zar. 174
panormitana Trti. Mai. Ill
Pantana Wkr. 100
pantherata Schaw. Diaph. 82
Parabitecta Her. 68
Paradecetia Swh. 172
paradoxa Bgff. Zyg. 28
paradoxa Phil. Rhyp. 82 .

paradoxa Michalk Zyg. 277
paradoxa Phil. Arct. purp. 88
Paragluphisia Djak. 177
Paralebeda Aar. 123
parallela Gaede Org. 98 . .
parallela Vorbr. Zyg. 253
parallelifascia Rothsch. Macr.
115 .

Plate

3 d

11 c

7 d

3 i

2 k
1 b

7 c

8 e

9 h

J parallelina Leech Rhod. 227
| paranicaea Fisch. Cel. 160
J Paranthrene Hbn. 230
I Parapsestis Warr. 192
I Parasa Mr. 206
j Parasemia Hbn. 76, 280
Parasiccia Hmps. 64
parasita Hbn. Ocn. 73
paraustralis Vrty. Zyg. 36
pardalina Pngl. Tan. 73
Paropta Stgr. 242
Parum R. & J. 143
parva Mats. Dolb. 156
parva Rocci Zyg. ach. 18
parva Schaw. Gnoph. 70
parvalpina Vrty. Zyg. 8 . . .
parvigutta Chr. Dys. 58
parviguttata Rocci Zyg. stoech.
35

parvimaculata Rocci Zyg.
trans. 39

J parvimaculata Shelj. Zyg. 16
parvimaculata Stdtt. A. caja 87
parvimaculata Vorbr. Zyg. 250
parvimaculata Vorbr. Zyg.
trans. 40

parvimaculata Vorbr. Zyg.
mel. 274

parviplagiosa Gd. Eupr. 104 .
parvipuncta Rocci Synt. 54
parvipuncta Rocci Zyg. ach. 18
parvipuncta Rocci Zyg. earn. 29
parvipuncta Trti. Synt. 55 . .
parvisi Trti. & Vrty. Arct. 85
parvula Chret. Cel. 63
I pastoralis Btlr. Par. 206
pastrana Led. Chon. 109, 110 .

[ patricia Stick. Odont, 182 . .
j patruelis J ach. Par. 77
paucimacula Dhl. Hyph. S4
J paucimacula Schtz. Call. 89 . .

I paucimaculata Oberth. Clet. 74
j paucipunct-a Closs Endr. 67
paucipuncta Strd. Lael. 105
I paucisignata Schaw. Cose. 71
| pauli Gaede Chon. 110. . . .

! paulomaculata Stick. Zeuz. 244
j paulula Vrty. Zyg. 34
pauper Vrty. Zyg. Ion. 37 . .

| paupera Rocci Synt. 54
paupera Bgff. Zyg. earn. 29
I paupera Guhn Zyg. 273
paupera Hoffm. Spila. 80
paupera Reiss Zyg. pur. 7 . .
paupera Rocci Zyg. ach. IS
! paupercula Rocci Zyg. 32
paupercula Steph. Phal. 184
pauperetincta Vrty. Zyg. 38
j pauperrima Vorbr. Zyg. 36
’ pavonia Z. Eud. 132
J pechi Stgr. Cham. 238
pectinat-a Chret. Coch. 217
i pectinata Houlb. Pal. 190 . .
j pectinella- F. Psy. 223
j pedemontona Rocci Zyg. 7
j peilei Rothsch. Lem. 285
peitaihoensis Clk. He. 138
j pekinensis Braes. Procr. 3 . .

I Pelosia Hbn. 69
penzigi Tutt Mai. Ill
peralbata Dhl. Spilos. 81
[ perdita Stgr. Zyg.22 , 263 .

| perdix Mr. Desm. 175
perfecta Btlr. Pan. 149
I perfulva Schtz. Cel. 151.

Pergesa Wkr. 154, 158
Pericallia Hbn. 84, 281.
peril ypa Schaw. Hyph. 84
j perirrorata Hmps. Paras. 64 .
Perisomena Wkr. 131
Peristygia Bgff. 19. 259
perixanthia Hmps. Synt. 58. 278.

I permarginata Warn. Pal. 190

Plate

1 f

8 i

5 a

10 a
15 e

7 i

9 c

16 b

4 b

4 m

16 c

1 a

16 1

6 a

Plate

pernederi Kr. & K. Dendr. 120
121

pernix Leech Par. 231
pernoldi Jac. Cel. 158, 160. 161
pernoldiana Aust. Cel. 162, 163
perny-yama Bourd. Anth. 130
pernyi Guer. Anth. 130
perotteti Guer. Est. 280
perpallida Heckel Ps. 216
perrupta Gschw. Sat. 132
persa Pfeiff. & D. Styg. 244
persa Strd. Dieid. 2, 249

persica Brtl. Cer. 174 . . . . 15 d

persica Bgff. Zyg. 9 .... 1 g

persica Roll. Synt, 57

perversa Dhl. Eup. 76

perversa Gehl. Sph. 139 . . . 12 b

peszerensis Reiss Zyg. 17

pet-ri Alph. Cer. 173 .... 15 d

petrographa Pouf. Habr. 188
petsherskensis Hoi. & R. Zvg.

276

peucedani Esp. Zyg. 43
peucedanoloniceroides Przeg.

Zyg. 277

Peucedanophila Bgff. 15, 255
pezzii Rocci Diacr. 83
pfaehleri Krug. Synt, 54 . . 5 c

pfeifferi Dan. Eriog. 284
pfeifferi Reiss Zyg. 259 ... 16 i

pfeifferi Std. Cose. 70
pfluemeri Wacq. Synt. 53
pfluemeroides Trti. Synt, 55 . 5 d

phacae Hbn. Zyg. 31
phaea Dhl. Thy. 188
phaeosoma Btlr. Arct. 87
Plialacropterygidi Tutt 216
Phalaenae 1
Pkalera Hbn. 176. 184
phantasma Diep. A. ca.ia 86
J phasma Btlr. Der. 169
! Phassus Wkr. 248
Phaudinae 2

phegea Z. Synt, 53, 279
! phegeides Spoda Synt. 53
phegeoides Trti. Synt. 55 . . 5

| phegeulus Std. Synt. 56
phegeus Rocci Synt. 54
phegeusida Trti. Synt, 55
Plieosia Hbn. 178
philamoena Reiss Zyg. 28, 272
Philea Z. 66

■ philerema Djak. Am. 145
I philiponi Huard Am. 145
j philippsi Bn dm . Cel. 150
I philippsi Brtl. Call. 89 ... 7 i

j philippsi Cost. Milt. 65
| philippsi O. B.-H. Arct, SS
philippsi Pern. Cel. 161
| philippsi Rom. Zyg. 41 . . . 4 g

philippsi Std. Synt, 56
j phliomena Oberth. Camp. 5
| philonica Std. Phal. 184
j philopalus Donz. Lem. 127
| Phlebomelas Std. Zyg. 20
Pliocodorma Btlr. 203
[ phoebe Sieb. Not. 179
J phoenicea Stgr. Zyg. 19, 258
j phoenix le C. Cham. 236
phosphatiphila Dum. Thaum. 107
, Phragmacossia Schaw. 245
Phragmataecia Newm. 244
Phragmatobia Steph. 74, 77. 78
Phrixolepia Btlr. 202
I Pkryganopsis Fldr. 70
( pia Pngl. Lem. 127, 285 ... 10 f

I picta Wkr. Peric. 281
Pidorus Wkr. 5
pieretti Rmb. Ocn. 72
pigra Hufn. Pyg. 185
pigranocheta Iilem. Pyg. 185
pilosellae Esp. Zyg. 7, 250
pimpinellae Guhn Zyg. 250

INDEX.

309

Plato

10 a

12 f

15 h

jpinastri L. Sph. 139
jpineti Z. Solen. 212, 218
pinguis Bgff. Zyg. 39
pini L. Dendr. 119, 285
pinivora Mats. Ivon. 118
pinskensis Bgff. Zyg. 15
piperita Oberth. Eupr. 104 . .
pistarcka Meyr. Aeg. 229
pityocampa Schiff. Tkaum. 107
placida O. B.-H. Zyg. 21, 262
plagifera Wkr. Sar. 123
plana Wkr. Asota 281
planatlanticus Kunz Smer. 158
planogertrudis Kunz Smer. 158
plantaginis L. Par. 76
planus Wkr. Smer. 145, 156,

157

platei Stndf. Smer. 156 . . .
Platysphinx B. & J. 141
pletkoneura Her. Tlios. 204
plinius Std. Synt. 54
plwnbea Btlr. Par. 192
plumbea Rbl. Litk. 69
plumbociliata Hch. Porth. 103
plumella H.-Schdff. Pel). 212,

219, 220

plumifera O. Or. 215
plumigera Esp. Ptil. 183
plumigera Serb. Seitz. Ill, 118,

285 .

plumigerella Strd. Ptil. 183
plumistrella Hbn. Sci. 216
Plusiogramma Hmps. 184
pluto Leech Pant. 100 ....
pluto O. Zyg. 8, 250
plutoides Reiss Zyg. 7
plutonia Vrty. Zyg. 7, 8, 250
podolica Holl. Zyg. 278
poecila Stick. Cer. 173
Poeeilocampa Steph. Ill
poenitens Stgr. Ocne. 102
pokornae Cast. Sat. 133
poligalae Rocci Zyg. 8
polonia Przeg. Zyg. 253
polycincta le C. Syn. 231 . .

polygalae Esp. Zyg. fil. 33
polygalaeformis Vrty. Zyg. 7
Polymorplia Bgff. 38
Polyploea Hbn. 192
Polyptyekus Hbn. 141, 142
pompalis Nitsche Call. 89
pontbrillantella Brd. Epi. 221
pontica Drt. Phil. 66 ... .
pontica Rbl. Ockr. 181
populate! Klem. Am. 157
populi L. Am. 145, 157
populi L. Poec. Ill, 112
populifolm Esp. Gastr. 119, 285
populiformis Stndf. Am. 158
porca B.-H. Perg. 154.
porcellus L. Perg. 154, 159, 163
Porthesia Steph. 103, 171, 284
postcaecata Trti. Synt. 56
posteripunctata Dhl. Eup. 75
postflavida Hmps. Micr. 78
postfusca Gaede Ar. 99 . . .

posticebipuncta Std. Zyg. 39
posticeobscurata Vrty. Zyg. Ion. 38
posticeprivata Std. Synt. 56
posticetripuncta Std. Zyg. 39
postmaculata Schaw. Synt. 56
postmedialis Strd. Spila. 80
postmelanica Strd. Lith. 68
postochrea Std. Call. 89
postornata Hmps. Set. 205
potatoria L. Cosm. 117
pouloti le C. Cham. 236
poultoni Oberth. Neoch. 89
powelli le C. Cham. 237 . .
powelli Oberth. Chon. 109
powelli Oberth. Cock. 217
powelli Oberth. Cose. 72
powelli Oberth. Drym. 178 .

9 h

8 d

16 e

14 k
5 m

8 d

16 h
b 10 a

14 i

15 e

3 e
8 f
15 k

1 b

2 m

Plate

powelli Oberth. Eup. 76
powelli Oberth. Pach. 123 . . 10 e

powelli Oberth. Phragm. 74
powelli Oberth. Pyg. 185 ... 15 f

powelli Oberth. Som. 198
powelli Oberth. Zyg. fav. 13
powelli Oberth. Zyg. lav. 21
powelli Oberth. Zyg. or. 26
praeacuta Bgff. Zyg. 37
praeclara Bgff. Zyg. 18, 257 . 2 c

praematura Przeg. Zyg. 274
praenubila Schtz. Cel. 150
Praesetora Her. 205
praestans Oberth. Zyg. 30- .
praeterea Kard. Lym. 100 .
prasina Alph. Par. 207 . .

prasina Rothsch. Procr. 3
preciosa Reiss Zyg. 25 . .

predotae Schaw. Lith. 69
preisseckeri Schaw. Euch. 75
Preparctia Hmps. 85
pretiosa Stgr. Micr. 79
pretiosa Stgr. Ocn. 73
prieta Ebb. Ocn. 72
prieta Ebb. Org. 98
principalis Koll. Call. 281
prinzi Hke. Zyg. 43 .... 4 i

Prionoxystus Grt. 241
privata Aast. Cel. 152
privata Bgff. Zyg. 34, 37
privata Cost. Zyg. trans. 39, 40
privata Hot. Zyg. 278
privata Krul. Calig. 130
privata Rocci Synt. 54
privata Shelf. Zyg. 16
proackilleae Rocci Zyg. 18
proavula Fed. Pyg. 185
processionea L. Thaum. 107
Procris F. 3

producta Mats. Syn. 233
prolifera Bgff. Zyg. 29
promunturii Bgff. Zyg. 39
propinqua Rocci Zyg. 18
proserpina Pall. Pros. 149
Proserpinus Hbn. 149
Proutia Burr. 224
provincialis Oberth. Zyg. cent-r.

41

proximo Led. Psy. 222
pruni L. Odon. 119
pryeri Btlr. Mel. 189
pryeri Btlr. Loph. 183
Pryeria Mr. 2
PsapMs Wkr. 4

pseudabietis Btlr. Das. 96, 282
pseudoalpina Reiss Zyg. fil. 33
pseudoapennina Rocci Zyg. 27,

28

pseudoangelicae Reiss Zyg. 42
pseudoapennina Guhn Zyg. 273
pseudoaustralis Reiss Zyg. 37
pseudoazurea Bgff. Zyg. 21
pseudoberolinensis Bgff. Zyg. 27.

28, 29

pseudoberolinensis Hoi. Zyg. 272,

273

| pseudobifasciata Dhl. Cose. 71
I pseudocaerulescens Bgff. Zyg. 36
pseudocalabrica Bgff. Zyg. 39
| pseudocalabrica Rocci Zyg. 39
pseudocambysea Reiss Zyg. 259
i pseudocarniolica Bgff. Zyg. 28,

273

! pseudocarniolica Rocci Zyg. 29
| pseudochracea Her. Nar. 203 15 h

pseudochristophi Reiss Zyg. 275
I Pseudoclanis R. & J . 141
j pseudoclelia Std. Synt. 56
I pseudocloelia Trti. Synt. 55
pseudoconfusa Bgff. Zyg. 31
pseudoconsobrina Bgff. Zyg. 21
pseudocontamineoides Bgff. Zyg.

14

Plate

pseudocoronillae Hoi. Zyg. 43
pseudocynarae Rocci Zyg. 18
pseudodisjuncta Reiss Zyg. 31
Pseudodolbina Rothsch. 138
pseudodystrepta Bgff. Zyg. 14
pseudodystrepta Reiss Zyg. 254
pseudofaustula Reiss Zyg. 272
pseudofelix Reiss Zyg. 272
Pseudofentonia Strd. 176
pseudo f lav escens Strd. Euch. 75
pseudogallii Grosse Cel. 161
pseudogrossei Gunth. Cel. 162
pseudohedysari Bgff. Zyg. 29
pseudokispanica Reiss Zyg. 254
pseudoiberica Bgff. Zyg. 31
pseudointermedia Rocci Zyg. 39
pseudoitalica Bgff. Zyg. mel. 32
pseudokuhlweini Vorbr. Phil. 66
pseudolavandulae Reiss Zyg. 21
pseudoleonhardi Guhn Zyg. 273
pseudoligustica Rocci Zyg. 18
pseudolitorea Bgff. Zyg. 39
pseudoliturata Dhl. Orod. 77
pseudomaculata Houlb. Spil.

192 . . 15 g

pseudomannerheimi Bgff. Zyg.

23

pseudomanni Schaw. Zyg. 34
pseudomaritima Bgff. Zyg. 39
pseudomaritima Rocci Zyg. 39
pseudomarjana Std. Synt. 55
pseudomauretanica Reiss Zyg.

272

pseudomeliloti Bgff. Zyg. 32
pseudomelilot-i Reiss Zyg. 275
pseudomodesta Bgff. Zyg. 28
pseudomoerens Strd. Diacr. 83
pseudomontanus Kr. & K.

Dendr. 120

pseudooccitanica Reiss Zyg. 31
pseudoonobrychis Harm. Zyg.

273

pseudophorbiae Hornst. Cel. 163
Pseudopsyche Oberth. 2
pseudorepanda Her. Par. 207 15 k

pseudorhadamanthus Bgff.

Zyg. 20

pseudorubicundus Std. Zyg. 15
pseudosedbiosae Hoffm. Zyg.

253

pseudosorrentina Bgff. Zyg. 39
pseudostaudingeri Rothsch. Zyg.

13

pseudostent zii Bgff. Zyg. 31, 32
pseudostoeckadis Bgff. Zyg. 34
pseudostygia Bgff. Zyg. 21
pseudotrimaculata Bgff. Zyg. 14
pseudotrimaculata Gillni. Mim.

144

pseudo vanadis Bgff. Zyg. 12
pseudowagneri Rocci Zyg. 18
pseudowiedemanni Bgff. Zyg.

30

pseudozatima Krul. Cose. 71
Psidopala Houlb. 188
Psidopatoides Houlb. 188
Psilogramma R. &. J. 138
Psilopepla Trnr. 64
Psodos Tr. 216
Psyche Schrk. 216
Psycliidae 211. 286’

Psyehidea Limb. 222
psychina Oberth. Illib. 6
Psychinae 213

pterographa Pouf. Habr. 188

Pterostoma Germ. 183

Ptilophora Steph. 183

pudens Luc. Ocn. 73

pudibunda L. Das. 95, 282

pudica Esp. Eup. 76

puellula Std. Synt. 54, 55, 56

puerariae Mell Gang. 184

pulckella Leech No la 62 . . . 6 b

310

INDEX.

Plate

pulchella L. Ut. 72

pulcherrima, Dso. Cel. 159

pulcherrima Vrty. Zyg. fil. 33 3 k

pulcherrimaeformis Vrty. Zyg. 35

pulchra Krss. Zyg. 26

pulchra Tutt Zyg. ex. 12

pulchrior Guhn Zyg. 275

pulchrior Vrty. Zyg. 33

pulla Esp. Epi. 217, 221

pul vis Oberth. Alb. 169 ... 10 g

pumila Vrty. Zyg. 20

pumila Sn. Cel. 63

puncta Reiss Zyg. 14 ... . 4 n

punctarium Cr. Spilos. 81
punctata F. Dys. 58, 279
punctata Kraml. Clet. 74
punctata Mezg. Sam. 129
punctata Mr. Spilos. 83
punctata Oberth. Cose. 72 . . 6 c

punctata Wkr. Dendr. 122, 123 10 cl

punctatella Motsch. Ochr. 179
punctatissima Pouj. Paras. 64
punctatus Wkr. Dendr. 119
punctella Strd. Eupr. 104
punctifera Teich Eupr. 104
punctifera Th.-Mieg Arct. 85
punctigera Btlr. Demop. 193
punctigera Frr. Cose. 71
punctilla Denso Dys. 58
punctonotata Vrty Zyg. 36

punctorenalia Houlb. Pal. 190 He
punctorenalis = punctorenalia
190

punctulata Vorbr. Synt. 53
punctum O. Zyg. 14, 254 . . 4 n

piingeleri Btlr. Micr. 78 . . . 7 a

piingeleri O B.-H. Orod. 77 . 6 i

piingeleri Rothscli. Las. 114 . 9 f, g

piingeleri Schaiv. Epic. 118
punkikonis Strd. Synt. 57
pura O. B.-H. Oronc. 78
pura Vorbr. Spilos. 81

purpuralis Brunn. Zyg. 7, 249,

254

purpuralis Oberth. Zyg. 8
purpuraloides Guhn Zyg. 275
purpurata L. Rhyp. 82, 281
purpureosignata Closs Ctur. 148
pusilla Spr. Coch. 217 . . . 14 i

pusillata Dhl. Arcto. 99
pusillus Steph. Ilep. 247
pusztae Bgff. Zyg. 15, 256
Pydna Wkr. 185
Pygaera O. 184
pygmaeoides Bgff. Zyg. 24
pygmaeola Dbl. Lith. 68
pygmaeola Peters. Lith. 68
pygmaeorum Rbl. Dips. 234
Pyr alulae 167

pyrenaea Vrty. Zyg. rhad. 20
pyrenaella H.-Schdff. Or. 215
pyrenaica Bgff. Zyg. ex. 12
pyrenaica Rothsch. Arct. 85
pyrenes Vrty. Zyg. 34, 35
pyri L. Sat. 131. 133
pyrina L. Zeuz. 244
Pyrinioides Btlr. 227
pyritoides Hufn. Phal. 188
pyrrhochroma Wkr. Ar. 99
pythia F Zyg. 7, 250
pythia Fuessly Zyg. 8
pythia Hbn. Zyg. 8

quadra L. Oeon. 67
quadrangularis Christ. Am. 214 14 o-

Quadricalcarifera Strd. 175
quadriga Sid. Synt. 55
quadrimaculata Guhn Zyg. 274
quadrimaculata Krug Synt. 54

Plate

quadrimaculata Oberth. Zys.
wag. 17

quadrimaculata Stott. Arct. 86
quadripuncta Bgff. Zyg. 21
quadripuncta Reiss Zyg. 262
quadripuncta Std. Dys. 58
quadripunctaria Poda Call. 89
quadripunctata Rocci Zyg.
stoech. 35

quasimonochromica Biez. Arct
86

quenselii Payk. Orod. 77
quercifolia L. Gastr 119,285
quercii Vrty. Zyg. 20
quercii Vrty. Synt. 55 ... 5 b

quercina Bgff. Zyg. 26 . . 2 n

quercus L. Las. 113.
quercus Mats. Con. 233
querna F. Drym. 177
quinqueguttata Rocci Zyg.
trans. 39

quinquemacula Bgff. Zyg. 10,

43

quinquemacula Krug. Synt. 54 5 c

quinquemaculata Bqff. Zya\ 7
20

quinquemaculata Reiss Zyg.
niph. 275

quinquemaculata Vorbr. Zyg.
earn. 27

quinquemaculata Vorbr. Zyg.
fil. 33, 276

quinquemaculata Vorbr. Zyg.
manni 33

I quinquemaculata Vorbr. Zyg.
mel. 32

quinquemaculata Vorbr. Zyg.
trans. 40

quinquepuncta Reiss Zyg. 1 1

j radiata Bod. Hep. 247
j radiata Closs Endr. 67
radiata Gram. Arct. 86
I radiata Lenz Agl. 134
radiata Niep. Ach. 137
radiata Splr. Hyph. 84 . . . 7 j

radiata Splr. Spilos. 81
radiatula Std. Zyg. 39
raeschkei Stndf. Pyg. 185
raeschkula Fed. Pyg. 185
ragazzii Trti. Synt. 55 . . . 5 4

ragmata Oberth. Som. 198
ragonoti Gian. Zyg. 29
ragusai Stgr. Arct. 88
ragusaria Zick. Dys. 58 . . 5 o-

ramburi Led. Zyg. 35, 276 . . 3 n

ramburi Mab. Org. 97
ramburi Oberth. Ocn. 72
ramelana Mr. Ag. 67
ramosa F. Endr. 67
ramosula Stgr. Pel. 69
rangnowi Closs Haem. 145
rangnowi Pngl. (i. 1.) Cham. 237
rara Swh. Thos. 204
rebeli Anger Haem. 145
rebeli Reiss Zyg. 260
rebeli Std. Synt. 55
rebeli Wish. Luff. 225 ... 15 a

Rebclia Hexyl. 212, 219
rectilinea Sn. Man. 69
reducta Closs Arct. 88
reducta Closs Cose. 71
reducta Closs Haem. 145
reducta Deutsch Hep. 247
reducta Gschw. Sat. 132
reducta Rocci Synt. 54
reducta Rocci Zyg. stoech. 35
reducta Schtz. Eud. 133
reducta Trti. Zyg. trans. 40

regius Stgr. Phass. 248
rehfousi Oberth. Psaph. 4
reibelli Oberth. Hyp. 242
reinstalled Std. Svnt. 55
reissi Bgff. Zyg. 8
reissi Std. Zyg. 20
reissiana Bgff. Zyg. 8 .
relictus O. B.-H. Das. 96 .

reneae Dam. Erg. 117
renegata Dhl. Thaum. 107
renigera Bub. Cer. 173
repanda Hbn. Tar. 123
I repanda Wkr. Par. 207
repicta Rocci Synt. 54
repicta Std. Synt. 56 ...
repicta Trti. Synt. 53, 55, 57
restricta R. J. Cel. 151
restricta Std. Zyg. wagn. 18
Rethera R. <£• j. 147
reticulata Christ. Clet. 74
reticulata Pngl. Phragm. 245
reticulatella Brd. Fum. 224
retiella Newm. Epi. 222
retiferella Wrli. Psy. 222
retractation Wkr. Cer. 208
retrofusca Mr. Norr. 185 . .

reverdina Std. Cel. 150
reverdini Oberth. Pid. 5 . . .
reversa Bgff. Zyg. 23
rhadmanthus Esp. Zyg. 20.

259, 260

rhaetica Bgff. Zyg. 32
rhaeticola Bgff. Zyg. 27, 272
! Rhagastis R. &. ,J. 155
| Rhamuosa Fixs. 205
rhatisbonensis Bgff. Zyg. 42 .
rhenana Reiss Zyg. 17 . .

rhinganiana Bgff. Zyg. 17
rhingiaeformis Hbn. Par. 230
rhodogastra Stgr. Zyg. 22, 269
Rhodometra Meyr. 194
Rhodoneura Gn. 227
rhodophila Wkr. Spila. 80
Rliyncholaba R. & J. 155
Rhyparia Hbn. 22, 281
rhypariella Strd. Rhyp. 82
Rhyparioides Btlr. 83
ribbei Drt. Cose. 71
rica Frr. Phil. 66
ride ns F. Pol. 192
riffelica Strd. Epichn. 221
rippertii Bsd. Cose. 71 ...

rischeri Kraml. Cet. 74
J rishiriensis Mats. Hyph. 84
riukiuana Mats. Porth. 103
rivularis Men. Eup. 75 . .
roberti Ruhm. Pal. 190
I robusta Her. Can. 205 . . .

J robusta Her. Som. 198 . . .

I robusta Leech Spila. 80
| robusta Mats. Loph. 183
j robusta Oberth. Alb. 168 . .

| roccii Vrty. Zyg. 28, 272 . .
rocciana Reiss Zyg. 8 ... .
roederi Stgr. Zyg. 21
Roeselia Hbn. 62
rognada Bsd. Zyg. 263
| romana Bgff. Zyg. 11
romanovi Stndf. Call. 89
romeii Sag. Cose. 72, 280 . .

j romeiformis Bgff. Zyg. 11
romeo Dup. Zyg. 11, . 251, 253
| rondouana le C. Cham. 237
rondoui Oberth. Cose. 71
I rondoui Oberth. Lith. 68
j rondoui Oberth. Par. 76
rondoui Siepi Dips. 237
rosa Oberth. Zyg. 35, 276 . .

rosacea Drt. Hyph. 83
rosacea Rom. Zyg. 19, 259
rosacea Spul. Ocn. 72
rosae Gram. Arct. 86
rosalis Bgff. Zyg. 9

Plate

1 f

9 b, 10 b

15 b
14 e
1 d

4 i
2 b

16 d

6 c

6 g

15 i

16 a

3 b

4 m

6 d
1 i

3 n

Plate

rosaria Btlr. Milt. 65 ... . 5 k

roscida Schiff. Endr. 66

rosea Closs Cel. 150

rosea Closs Hipp. 154

rosea Fisch. Cel. 162

rosea Mill. Ocn. 72

rosea Oberth. Zyg. 41, 75

rosea Slielj. Hyph. 83

rosea Tutt Pal. 191

roseana Strd. Eucli. 75

rosearia Sz. Micr. 78

roseata Bndm. Cel. 151

roseata Mell Clan. 142

roseiventris Brtl. Dips. 286,

287 . 16 f

roseni O. B.-H. Micr. 79 . . 6 k

roseoclara Schaw. Tar. 123
roseola Mats. Habr. 188
roseopicta Trti. Zyg. 39
roseotincta Schaw. Min. 144
roseus Oberth. Pbass. 248
rosina Oberth. Clet. 74

rosina Zerny Enp. 76 ... . 6 g

rosinae Korb Zyg. 22, 269
rossica Kol. Call. 89 .... 7 h

rossica Trti. Synt. 56 ... . 5 e

rossii Curt. Das. 96
rostagnoi Oberth. Spilos. 81
rotlischildi A. B.-H. Ocn. 73 . 6 e

rothscbildi Reiss Zyg. 22, 269 2 i

rothschildi Stndf. Am. 157
rothscbildi Std. Cel. 152

rothscbildi Wil. & S. Not. 180
rotbschildiana Reiss Zyg. 26
rotundaria Brd. Psy. 222
rotundata Mats. Mesod. 179
rouasti Heyl. Proutia 224
rougemonti O. B.-H. Orod. 77
roylei Mr. Antb. 130
rubea F. Ocne. 102
rubefacta Rood Zyg. 32
ruberrima Std. Zyg. os. 19, 20
ruberrima Vrty. Zyg. wagn. IS
rubescens Bgff. Zyg. 20, 22, 36,
37, 41, 266

rubescens Closs Rhyp. 82
rubescens Garb. Cel. 151
rubescens Rbl. Epic. 118
rubescens Schaw. Cel. 150
rubi L. Macr. 115
rubicunda Schaw. Epic. 118
rubicundiformis Vrty. Zyg. 255

rubicundula Wil. Micr. 201 . 15 g

rubicundus Hbn. Zyg. 7, 15,

255 . 1 e

rubida Gab. Spb. 139
rubida Oberth. Cel. 153

rubiginosa Breni. A- Gr. Amp.

146

rubra Closs Cel. 150
rubra Rbl. Zyg. 262
rubra Rocci Zyg. cyn. 16
rubra Stgr.-Rbl. Zyg. 21
rubrescens Reiss Zyg. 16
rubrianata Bgff. Zyg. br. 9
rubrianata Bgff. Zyg. pur. 7, 8
rubrianata Bgff. Zyg. pusztae

256

rubrianata Hoi. Zyg. cyn. 255
rubrianata Hoi. Zyg. zob. 257
rubricauda Bgff. Zyg. 43
rubricollis Hmps. Zyg. 21, 260 2 b

rubricollis L. Gnophr. 70
rubricosta Gulin Zyg. 273
rubricosta Trti. Zyg. 32
rubrimacUla Bgff. Zyg. dor. 44
rubrior Reiss Zyg. 14, 254
rubroabdominalis Reiss Zyg. 273
rubrociliata Schaw. Asia 194
rubrodorsalis Schtz. Arct. 87
rubrofimbriata Vrty. Zyg. 8
rubromixta Std. Zyg. 39
rubrosuffusa Vrty. Zyg. 37

INDEX.

Plate

rubrotecta Hoi. Zyg. 250
rubrotecta Vrty. Zyg. 7, 8, 9
rubrotecta Vrty. Zyg. 250
rubrothoracalis Std. Zyg. 29
rudolfi Bndm. Cel. 151

rueckbeili Graes. Er. 113 .. . 9 d

rueckbeili Pngl. Arct. 88 . . 7 £

ruckbeili Shelf. Zyg. 31, 274 . 3 f

riihlii Bndm. Cel. 150 . . . . 13 d

rufa Leech Milt. 65

rufeola Rmb. Ap. 65 .... 5 k

rufescens Kurd. Odon. 119 . 10 c

ruficostata 11 oil. Zyg. 36
rufimargo Ware. Epipl. k72
rufobrunnea Lenz Mim. 144
rufomarginata Closs Er. 112
rufomelana Tutt Cel. 151
rufotesselata Mr. Arb. 203
rupestris Rmb. Org. 98
rupicola Gr.-Grsh. Micr. 78
ryuzana Mats. Dendr. 122

S.

sabulosa Der. Diapb. 82
sackalinensis Drt. Per. 84 . . 7 e

sachalinensis Mats. Art. 5
sacbalinensis Mats. Cel. 153
sachalinensis Mats. Das. 282
sacbalinensis Mats. Kit. 64
sacbalinensis Mats. Par. 77 . 6 b

sacbalinensis Mats. Pel. 69
sacbalinensis Mats. Sel. 284
sacraria L. Rhod. 194
sacrosancta Pngl. Lem. 285
sagarrai Reiss Zyg. 25
sagittata Rdtz. Endr. 67 . . . 5 m

sagittifera Gaede Dendr. 122 . 10 c

sabarae Std. Cel. 153 ... . 13 b

sajana Bgff. Zyg. 12, 253 . . Ik
sajana O. B.-H. A. caja 87
sajanella Kozh. Sterrh. 217
sakaguchii Mats. Eupr. 104
sakaguebii Mats. Lym. 101
salicis Lenz Cer. 173
salicis L. Stilp. 99

salicolella Brd. Fum. 224 . . 15 b

saltensis Schoy. Cer. 173
salticola Std. Synt. 56
samarita Stgr. Ocne. 103
samnitica Dhl. Las. 113
sangaica Btlr. Gur. 148
sangaica Mr. Lael. 105
sannio L. Diacr. 83
santolinopliaga Bgff. 15
sapho Mill. Reb. 220 .... 14 k

saportae Bsd. Zyg. 7
sardanapalus Stgr. Lem. 127
sardoa Mob. Zyg. 26 ... . 2 o

sardoa Trti. Las. 113 ... . 9 f

| sareptensis Krul. Zyg. 250
| sareptensis Rbl. Zyg. 250
sareptensis Splr. Pal. 191
| sareptensis Stgr. Zyg. 8
1 Saronaga Mr. 187
| sarothamni Guhn Zyg. 276
| sarpedon Hbn. Zyg. 14, 254
sarpedon H.-Schdff. Zyg. 14
| sartus Ersch. Stilp. 99
satanella Sid. Cel. 150
Sataspes Air. 141, 146
| saturata Alell Gur. 148
saturatior Rbl. Ptil. 183
saturatior Schtz. Eud. 132
Saturnia Schrk. 131
Saturnidae 129
sauberi Warn. Lem. 127
sauermanni O. B.-H. Odont.

182 . 14 f

sasicola Christ. Dysp. 244 . . 16 c
saxicolella Brd. Fum. 224 . . 15 b

311

Plate

scabiosae Schev. Zyg. 10, 250,

253

scabiosaeformis Bgff. Zyg. 1 1
scabiosaeformis le C'h. Zyg. 32
scabiosoides Reiss Zyg. 252
scalena Der. Par. 77
Scaptesyle Wkr. 69
schaffgotschi Marsch. Ptil. 183
schauffelbergeri Brern. & Gey.

Os. 140

schaufussi Stndf. Mai. 1 10 . . 9 d

schaufussi Stndf. Sat. 133
schawerdae Anger Diacr. 83
schawerdae Hch. Par. 76
schawerdai Zy. Epip. 208
schedeli Gaede Campt. 227
sebeiderbaueri Gschw. Perg. 154
schellenbergi Skala Odont. 182
schencki Stgr. Neor. 131
scheveni Oberth. Zyg. 43
schiff er miller i Stgr. Sci. 216
schindlerae Oberth. Alb. 103
Sckistomitra Btlr. 167, 171
Schistophleps Hmps. 65
schmidti Schm. Pros. 149
sekmidti Reiss Zyg. 252 ... 16 k

schmidtiiformis Frr. Cham. 236
schneideri Kunz Smer. 158
schneideri Reiss Zyg. 274
scholzi Steph. Cel. 152
schongartki Closs Am. 145
schottlaenderi Strd. Micr. 79 7 b

schultzi Frings Arct. 86
schulzi Stertz Las. 114 ... 9

schwingenschussi Rbl. Epi. 221 15

scincula Hbn. Drep. 168
Seioptera Rmb. 212, 216
scitaria Wkr. Strigl. 227
Scopelodes Ww. 201
scopjina Bgff. Zyg. 30, 273
scopolii Rocci Zyg. 27
scortea Dhl. Dys. 58
scotica Cliapm. Fum. 223
scotti Lord. Sat. 146
scovitzii Rbl. Zyg. 264
scovitzii Stgr. Zyg. 263
scribae Aust. Meg. 156. ... 12 a

scribae Alats. Dendr. 121, 122
sebdouensis Oberth. Org. 98 8 d

sebdouensis Przeg. Zyg. 254
secreta Drt. Oronc. 78. . . . 6i

secundogenita Vrty. Zyg. 36
securigera Bgff. Zyg. 28
securigera Hoi. Zyg. 273
sedi F. Zyg. 23, 262, 263
seeboldi Oberth. Zyg. 34 . . . 3 k

sefeira Chret. i. 1. Dipl. 116
segregata Blach. Zyg. 24
segregata Reiss Zyg. 270
segregatus Btlr. Dendr. 119, 122
seiffersi Closs Thaum. 107
seileri Stertz Las. 113 ... . 9 g

seitzi A. B.-H. Hyph. 84
seitzi O. B.-H. Sel. 117, 284
seitzi Pngl. Cham. 236
Seitzia Scriba 111, 118, 285
selene Hbn. Act. 129
Selenephora Rmb. 117, 284, 285
selmonsi Bttch. Micr. 79 . . . 7 a

selmonsi Fisch. Cel. 160
semialba Masl. Arct. 88
semiannulata Rocci Zyg. cyn. 16
semicentripuncta Pung. Mim. 144
semicingulata Sz. Zyg. 41
semicirculosa Gaede Das. 96
semiconfluens Rocci Zyg. cyn. 16
semidiapbana Std. Dys. 37, 58
semidiapbana Gd. Synt. 53
Semidonta Stgr. 180. 181
semifasciata Failla Las. 113
semifasciata Wgr. Las. 113
semilugens Andr. Sph. 139
semilutescens Hew. Zyg. 37

fcD c«

312

INDEX.

Plate

semilutescens Higgs Zyg. 36

seminigra Krug. Synt. 54

seminigra Rocci Endr. 67

seminigra Schwing. Par. 77

seminigra Splr. Synt. 54

seminigroides Std. Synt. 56

semipunctata Rocci Endr. 67

semiramis Stgr. Lac. 81

semirubra Rocci Zyg. cyn. 16

semiunicolor Vorbr. Spila. 80

senescens Stgr. Zyg. 44

senex Hbn. Com. 64

senex Stgr. Acanth. 213 ... 14 g

senilis Bgff. Zyg. 19, 258

separata B.-H. Dys. 279

separata Stgr. Zyg. 22, 264, 265

separata Schtz. Dil. 194

sepium Spr. Bac. 225

septemaculata Rocci Zyg. 35

septemmaculata Mull. Synt. 53

serarum Gr.-Grsh. Micr. 79

serenoides Gn. Pol. 192 ... 16 c

sericea Btlr. Tlios. 204

sericea Leech Hyph. 201

sericeoalba Rothseh. Litli. 69 . 6 a

sericeum Btlr. Cer. 208

seriziati Oberth. Zyg. 37

serrula Gn. Las. 113 .... 9 e

servula Berce Dys. 279

servulina Fdz. Dys. 58

Setora Wkr. 205

sexmacula Dzi. Zyg. wag. 17

sexmaculata Bgff. Zyg. 36, 250

sexmaculata Bgff. Zyg. pur. 7

sexmaculata Gian. Synt. 54

sexmaculata Reiss Zyg. el. 42 . 4 h

sexmaculata Reiss Zyg. grasl.

260

sexmaculata Rocci Zyg. stoech.

35

sexmaculata Vorbr. Zyg. 256
sexpunctata Reiss Zyg. mel.

274

sexpunctata Tutt Zyg. mel. 81,

274

sextarubra Bgff. Zyg. 44
shakojiana Mats. Dendr. 122
shako jianus Mats. Micr. 239
sheljuzhkoi Dubl. Cel. 153
sheljuzhkoi Schaw. Hole. 242
sheljuzhkoiana Hoi. & R. Zyg.

277

Shirona Mats 181
sibirica O. B.-H. Hyph. 84

sibirica Kozh. Epipl. 171 ... 15 a

sibirica Kozh. Euch. 75

sibirica Wrli. Epi. 221 .... 15 b

sibiricus Tschtv. Dendr. 119, 120 10 c

sibyllina Vrty. Zyg. 20 . . 2 f

sicca Dhl. Phragm. 244

siciliae Vrty. Zyg. trif. 36

siciliana Reiss Zyg. 29 3 c

sicilica Ragus. Zyg. 29

siciliensis Vrty. Zyg. 35 . . 3 m

sicula Calb. Zyg. mell 32 . . 3 h

sicula le C. Cham. 235

sicula Stgr. Las. 113

sicula Stgr. Org. 98

siculoides Fldr. Dysp. 227 . . 16 a

sieberti Closs Hipp. 154

sieboldi Reutti Epi. 221 . . . 15 a.

siehei Pngl. Cel. 152

siepii Oberth. Zyg. 21

sieversi Alph. Kent. 140

sieversi Men. Odont. 182

sigmata Btlr. Fent. 176

signata Bkh. Phil. 67

signata Splr. Arct. 87

signifera Rbl. Endr. 66

sikkima Mr. Spat. 181

silana Bgff. Zyg. Ion. 38 . . . 4 b

silana Trti. Zyg. 32

silaecola Vrty. Zyg. 32 ... 3 h

Plate

silenus Bgff. Zyg. 32

silesiaca Stndf. Epi. 221 . . . 14 k

silesiana Wlacl. Cel. 152

silhetensis Wkr. Ther. 154

silvatica Std. Synt. 56

silvestri Rom. Zyg. 26 ... 2 o

Silvieola Bgff. 251

similis Fuess. Porth. 284

similis Szculc. Arct. 86

similis Tutt Pyg. 185

simla Ww. Diet. 131

simonyi Rbl. Len. 230

simplex Niep. Dicr. 174

simpliciella Strd. Arct. 85

simplicificata Houlb. Mel. 189 lie

simplicipennis Strd. Spila. 80

simplonica Bsd. Clet. 74

simulans Leech Epic. 51

simulatrix Chret. Dipl. 116 . 9 g

sinensis Wkr. Illib. 6

sinensis Wkr. Sus. 203

sinensis Wkr. Thos. 204

singularis Houlb. Pol. 193 . . 14 b

sinica Mr. Par. 206 .... 15 k

sinica Mr. Psy. 2
sinicaria Leech Epic. 51
siniscalchii Trti. Las. 115
sintenisi Stndf. Synt. 56
sinuata Warr. Chlor. 189
sirphiformis Luc. Dips. 234
sliwenensis Reiss Zyg. 262
Smerinthus Latr. 144, 156
smirnowi Chr. Zyg. 9 . . . . l g
sogdiana Ersch. Zyg. 22, 264 16 f

sogdiana Stgr. Zyg. 264
sojota Tschetv. Clet. 74
soledad Schaw. Axia 194 . . 15 f

Solenobia Z. 212
solitaria Frr. Thaum. 107
Somabrachys Ky. 109, 114, 197
Somadasys Gd. 112, 284
sommeri Him. Tars. 173
sontiana Std. Synt. 55
sophiae Fvr. Zyg. 43 .... 4 k

sordida Hbn. Diaph. 82
sordida I gel Ocnog. 280
j sordida Nordstr. Hep. 248
j sordida Oberth. Chil. 116
! sordida Wil. Fent. 176
I sordidior Rothseh. Las. 114 . 9h
| sordidula Rmb. Litli. 69
j sororcula Hufn. Lith. 69
J sorrentina Stgr. Zyg. 39
j sorrentina Wrli. Fum. 224
sorrentinaeformis Rocci Zyg. 40
I souliei Oberth. Hyph. 84
! sounkeana Mats. Loph. 183
j spadicea Wgn. Las. 113
| spaneyi Strd. Call. 89
j spartii Hbn. Las. 113
| Spatalia Hbn. 181
spectabilis Btlr. Dendr. 122
J spectabilis Tausch. Lac. 81
sperchius Men. Mar. 143
| Sphecia Hbn. 229
Spliecodina Blch. 149
Sphingidae 137, 286
j Spliingonaepiopsis Wllgr. 148
Sphinx L. 139
spicae Stgr. Zyg. 39
spicae Hbn. Zyg. 21
Spilarctia Btlr. 79, 280
j Spilobasis Houlb. 191
j Spilosoma Steph. 80
| Spilosoininae 79
spini Schiff. Eud. 132
spitzi Schaw. Cel. 63
splendida Dhl. Cose. 71
j splendida Rmb. Org. 98
| splendida Reiss Zyg. 42 . . . 4 h

| splendidior Tarns Call. 89
splugena Bgff. Zyg. 40 . . . 4 f

I spodeola Zerny Lith. 68

Plate

squalida Stgr. Cel. 63 ... 5 i

squamosa Btlr. Eupr. 104
srdinkoi Oberth. Cel. 162
standfussi Dann. Am. 158
standfussi H.-Schdff. Sci. 216
217

standfussi Wish. Sat. 133 . . lib
Standfussia Tutt 216
statices L. Procr. 3, 6
| stauderi Hoi. <fc R. Zyg. 257
- stauderi Wrli. Coch. 217 . . 14 i

staudingeri Aust. Zyg. 13, 254
staudingeri Bak. Lamb. 114, 115
staudingeri Bsd. Mel. 230 . . 16 d

staudingeriana Reiss Zyg. 251
Stauropus Germ. 175, 182
I stehri Steph. Sph. 139 ... 12 b

stelidiformis Frr. Cham. 237
stellata Wil. Dial. 62
stellatarum L. Macr. 150
stentzii Frr. Zyg. 32
stephani Ernst Phal. 184
Sterrliopteryx Hbn. 216

stertzi Schtz. Clet. 74 ... 6 f

stettina Bgff. Zyg. 33 ... . 3 i

stettinensis Reiss Zyg. Ion.

33, 37 . 4 a, b

Shctane Hmps. 69
stigmata Mr. Spila. 80
Stilpnotia Ww. & H. 99

stiziformis H.-Schdff. Dips. 234
stoechadina Bgff. Zyg. 33
stoechadioides Std. Zyg. 34
j stoechadis Frr. Zyg. 38
I stoechadoides Trti. Zyg. 29
J stoliezkana Fldr. Neov. 131

j stollei Cel. 163 . 13 a

J stotzneri Draes. Ag. 67
stoetzneri Draes. Ocne. 102
stotzneri O. B.-H. Par. 77
straminea = stramineata 189
stramineata Warr. Mel. 189
stramineola Dbl. Lith. 68
[ strandi Krss. Dendr. 120
I strandi Niep. Hyph. 84
strasillai Std. Cel. 152
j striata L. Cose. 70, 72
striata Schtz. Dicr. 174
striata Tutt Zyg. 12, 253
strigata Mr. Das. 96
strigata Rbl. Lem. 127
strigatula Fldr. Rhod. 228
Striglina Gn. 227
strigosa Hartw. Hep. 248
strigula Schiff. Roes. 62
stringei Stich. Odont. 182
strigulata Hoffm. Agl. 134
strix Cr. Duom. 241
Strophidia Hbn. 171
stygia Bgff. Zyg. 21 .... 2 g

Stygia Latr. 244
stygianus Stich. Goss. 241

styria Bgff. Zyg. 43 . 4 1

styx Ww. Ach. 137
styxana Sells. Micr. 178
suavis Bgff. Zyg. 30 ... . 3d

subalpina Calb. Zyg. 11, 252
subalpina Dhl. Call. 89
subampliata Oberf/u Pal. 190 . 15 g

subcaeca Strd. Agl. 134 ... 11c

subcaerulea Mill. Zyg. 17
subchlamydula Stgr. Cel. 63 . 5 i

subdivisa Trti. Synt. 56
suberecta Her. Set. 205
suberifolia Dup. Epic. 118
subfasciaria Leech Epipl. 171
subflavella Mill. Fum. 223,

. 15 b

subgeneris Strd. Desrn. 175
subceriaeformis le C. Cham.

235

subinfuscata Draes. Ag. 68
I subjacentis Dhl. Cel. 152

Pull. 16. 11. 1934.

INDEX.

313

Plate

submarginalis Mats. Amp.

147

submarginata Mats. Dendr.

121

subnebulosa Dyar Hyph. 84
subnigra Kraml. Clet. 74
sub nigra Schtz. Coss. 241
subnubila Leech Delias. 171
subocellaia Fldr. Ox. 140
subochracea White Zyg. 12 . . 1 k

subpurpurea Btlr. Met. 115
subrubicunda Schtz. Sat. 131
substrigosa Wkr. Ar. 99
subsyracusiae Vrty. Zyg. 36
subtilis-squamatus Kr. & K.

Dendr. 120

subvaria Wkr. Rhyp. 83

subvestalis Wrli. Reb. 220 . . 14 k

subviridis Hot. Zyg. 273

snbvittata Schtz. Cel. 150

suellus Stgr. Perg. 154

sue vica Reiss Zyg. 24, 271 . . 2 m

suffusa Closs Cosm. 117

suffusa Trti. Zyg. earn. 29

suffusa Trti. Zyg. or. 26

suff usa Tutt Cel. 151

suffusa Tutt Las. trif. 113

suffusa Wkr. Ther. 154

sugitanii Mats. Eter. 4

sugitanii Mats. Not. 180

sugitanii Mats. Rkod. 228

suigensis Mats. Stilp. 99

suigensis Mats. Thos. 204

sulphurata Bndm. Cel. 151

sulpkurea Oberth. Neoch. 89

superstigmaria Prt. Euch. 167

superans Btlr. Dendr. 119, 121

superans Wkr. Lym. 102

surientella Brd. Reb. 219

surtur O. B.-H. Stilp. 99

sus B.-H. Perg. 154

susanna Stgr. Eupr. 104 ... 8 h

Susica Wkr. 203

sutschana O. B.-H. Ptil. 184 . 14 f

suttadra Mr. Arct. 85

suzukii Mats. Das. 96, 282 . 15 f

suzukii Mats. Lael. 283

suzukii Mats. Micr. 202

suzukii Mats. Strigl. 228

syltica Wrnr. Arct. 86

sylvana Przeg. Zyg. 255

sylvinus L. Hep. 247, 248

synagriformis Rmb. Par. 230

Synantliedon Hbn. 231, 287

Syntomidae 53, 278

Syntomis O. 53, 278

syra Gr.-Grsh. Cer. 173, 174 . 14 c

syracusiae Z. Zyg. 36

Syrastrenopsis Grnbg. 117

syrdarja Strd. Diacr. 83

syriaca Hmps. Clel. 6 . . . . 1 c

syriaca Oberth. Arct. 88

syriaca Oberth. Zyg. 35 . . . 3 n

syriaca Rbl. Fum. 224, 286

syriaca Stndf. Alb. 103

szczodowskii Mull. Am. 157

szetschwana Braes. Scapt. 70

T.

tabaniformis Rott. Par. 230
tabanivicinella Brd. Or. 215
tablai Dumont Coss. 287
tacoraria Schz. Drep. 168
takamukuana Mats. Met. 115
takamukui Mats. Mai. 284
takamukui Mats. Ox. 156
takamukui Mats. Som. 112
tamanukii Mats. Trich. Ill
takamukui Nag. Lym. 283
Takanea Nak. 118, 285

Supplementary Volume 2

Plate

takanonis Mats. synt. 58

takaonis Mats. Hir. 180

Talaeporia Hbn. 211

talischensis Brtl. Syn. 286, 287 16 1

tamara Chr. Zyg. 21, 262

tanaica Toll Dicr. 174

Tancrea Pngl. 73

tancrei Gra.es. Pal. 190

tancrei Pngl. Lem. 127 . . . 10 f

tancrei Stgr. Dolb. 140

tancrei Stgr. Oronc. 77

tangens Strd. Pal. 191

Taragaina Mr. 123

taraxaci Esp. Lem. 127 v

tarnierella Brd. Epi. 221

Tarsolepis Btlr. 173

tartarus Schaw. Grluph. 177

tashkentensis Reiss Zyg. 266

tatarinovi Brem. & Gr. Call. 144

tatricolella Niel. Psy. 222 . . 15 a

tatsienluica Oberth. Cil. 170

tau L. Agl. 134

j tauriana Bgff. Zyg. 35 . . . 3 o

taurica Drt. Dys. 58 ... . 5 g

I taurica Dzi. Zyg. 35
I taurica Hmps. Synt. 57
taurica Stgr. Zyg. 30, 273
taurica Wrli. Am. 214 . . . . 14 g

taurinensis Rocci Zyg. 8
taurinorum Vrty. Zyg. 256
tegelensis Strd. Dicr. 174
tenebrata-demaculata Strd. Phal.

184

tenebricosa Stertz Phal. 184
tenebrosa Mr. Hir. 180
i tenebrosa Pngl. Dips. 234
tenebrosa Rothsch. Tar. 124 . 10 e

tenebrosa Wkr. Das. 96
tenella Speyer Sci. 216
teneraO. B.-H. Poec. 112 . . 9 c

tenera Std. Synt. 56
tenerifana Fisch. Cel. 160 . . 13 d

teneunco Vrty. Zyg. 256
tengyraeformis H.-Schdff. Dips.

234

tenuelimbata Rom. Zyg. 37

tenuicornis Z. Procr. 3

tenuicurva Bgff. Zyg. 10

tenuicurva Bgff. Zyg. 253

tenuifascia Mats. Dendr. 122

tenuilinea Mats. Dendr. 121

tenuis Btlr. Illib. 6

tenuis Hmps. Psidop. 188

tenuissima Bgff. Zyg. 39

terebra F. Coss. 241

teriolensis Dhl. Not. 179

teriolensis Spr. Zyg. 32

terrosa Grass. Pol. 192

tertiadeleta Std. Zyg. 39

testata Wlad. Cel. 151

testudinaria Fourcr. Hyph. 84

thaumasta Her. Irag. 204 . . 15 i

Thaumetopoea Hbn. 107

Thaumetopoeidae 107

therebinthi Frr. Ocne. 102

theresiae Korb Epic. 194

Theretra Hbn. 154

thermidora Hmps. Oreta 170

thermopasta Hmps. Drep. 168

Thermophila Hbn. 31, 274

theryi Joann. Zyg. 21, 260 . . 2 h

theryi le C. Syn. 232 .... 16 d

thevestis Stgr. Zyg. 13, 254

thibetana Houlb. Llabr. 188

Tliibetia J . & K. 149

thibetica Fldr. Arct. 85

thibetica Strd. Phragm. 75

thomalae Gaede Mai. 110

Thosea Wkr. 204

tlirips Hbn. Hyp. 242

Thyatira Hbn. 188

thyellina Btlr. Org. 97, 98

thymula Mill. Cel. 63 ... . 5 i

Plate

' hyrididae 1, 167, 227
Thyridopteryx Steph. 211
Thyris Lasp. 227

tianschanica Bgff. Zyg. 9, 251 4 n

tiefi Bril. Not, 179
tigrina Vill. Arct. 85
tigrisia Schaw. Phragm. 245 . 16 c

j tiliae L. Mim. 144
j timonides Brem. Pyg. 184
tinacria Vrty. Zyg. 36
tineiformis Esp. Micr. 239
tingitana leC. Cham. 234 . . 16 g, li

' tingitana Pow. Chon. 109 . . 9 b

! tipuliformis Cl. Syn. 233
j tischendorffi O. B.-H. Epic. 194
I tithymali Bsd. Cel. 150, 158,

160

titius L. Haem. 145
tokionis Mats. Smer. 156
tokyonella Mats. Art. 5
tokyonis Mats. Dendr. 122
tolgi Rbl. Ocne. 103 .... 8 h

tomaiensis Mats. Dendr. 121
totanigra Reiss Zyg. 30 . . . 3d
totarubra Dzi. Zyg. cuv. 260
totarubra Dzi. Zyg. inel. 31
totirubra Bgff. Zyg. sarp. 14
totirubra Dzi. Zyg. cuv. 21
totirubra Reiss Zyg. hipp. 41. 4 f

totirubra Reiss Zyg. stoech. 276
totirubra Sz. Zyg. earn. 29
totirubra Vorbr. Phragm. 75
totonigra Rich t. Hip. 90
tramontana Dhl. Com. 64
transalpina Esp. Zyg. 38, 277,

278

transapennina Call. Zyg. 11
transearpathina Horm. Zyg. 42
transcaspica B.-H. Ther. 154 . 13 c

transcaucasica Gehl. Cel. 153
transcaucasica O. B.-H. Per.

131

transcaucasica Shelf. Axiop.

85

transferens Vrty. Zyg. 36
| transfuga Krul. Macr. 115
j transiens Lamb. Lym. 100
I transiens Rocci Zyg. trans. 39
transiens Splr. Rhyp. 82
transiens Stgr. Endr. aur. 67
! transiens Stgr. Zyg. suav. 30 . 3 e

transitans Houlb. Hapl. 189 . 11 d

transitoria Oberth. Spilos. 80
i translucens Bgff. Zyg. 18, 37
i transparens Retz. Nud. 64
transsecta Gaede Plus. 185
j transsylvaniae Bgff. Zyg. 18,

257 '

transsylvanica Dhl. Cer. 173
transversa Vorbr. Endr. 66, 67
| transversa W gn. Not. 179
} transversata Bitch. Micr. 79
| transversata Bub. Cose. 71
transversata Schaw. Cose. 71
transversata Wkr. Thos. 204
tremula Cl. Phe. 178
tremulaeformis Stndf. Am. 158
! tremulifolia Hbn. Epic. 118
j triangularis O. B.-H. Euch. 75
Trichiura Steph. Ill, 118
i Trichogyia Hmps. 207
Trichosoma Rmb. 74
| tricingulata Bgff. Zyg. 15
j tricingulata Hoi. Zyg. cyn. 255
j tricingulata Hot. Zyg. eph. 43
tricingulata Vrty. Zyg. ox. 20
j tricolor Mats. Dendr. 122
| tricolor Oberth. Zyg. earn. 29
j tricolor Oberth. Zyg. faust. 24
S tricolor Reiss Zyg. 268 ... 16 m

tricolor Wkr. Scapt. 70
triconjuncta Rocci Zyg. stoech.

314

INDEX.

trifolii Esp. Las. 113
trifolii Esp. Zyg. 36, 277
trifolii- major Tutt Zyg. 36
trigonellae Esp. Zyg. 43
trigotephras Bsd. Org. 97
trilinea Mar. Nola 61
trilineata Closs Dendr. 120
trilineata Mats. Rhag. 156
trilineatus Mr. Pol. 142
trimacula Esp. Drym. 17^ I'/Q
trimacula Reiss Zyg. trans. 39
trimacula Serb. Das. 96, 282
trimacula-pallida Engl. A. caia
86

trimaculata Brem. Trisp. 193
trimaculata Bromb. Mim. 144
trimaculata Esp. Zyg. 14
trimaculata Oberth. Zyg. trans
39

tripartita Wkr. Thos. 204
tripicta Std. Zyg. 39
triptolemus Frr. Zyg. 11
triptolemus Hbn. Zyg. 18, 257
tripuncta Gulin Zyg. 277
tripuncta Lamb. Spilos. 81
tripuncta Std. Dys. 58
tripunctata O. B.-H. Trisp. 193
tripunctata Rocci Zyg. 35
triquetrella Fisch.-Ros. Solen.
212, 218

Trispila Houlb. 193
tristicta Hmps. Nola 61
tristis Gaede Grluph. 177
tristis le C. Cham. 235 ...

tristis Mast. Not. 178
tristis Oberth. Arct. 88
tristis Oberth. Zyg. ach. 17
tristis Sz. Micr. 78
tristis Sterzl Call. 89
tritophus Esp. Not. 179, 180
trivittata Spr. Zyg. trif. 36
trivittata Tutt Zyg. fil. 33
trivittata Tutt Zyg. Ion. 37
truchmena Ev. Zyg. 22, 266
tschiliensis Drt. A. caja' 87
tsekoui Clk. Pan. 149
tsingtauana Rothscli. Spila. 80
tsingtauica Mell Clan. 141
tubulosa Rtz. Tal. 211
tunetana Oberth. Dips. 234
tunetanus Oberth. Hep. 247
turagalli (Gehl.) Cel. 161
turatii Dso. Cel. 161
turatii Stndf. Zyg. 16, 256
turbeti le C. Zyg. 44
turbida Trti. Synt. 57
turbidepicta Std. Synt. 56
turbinans Trti. Dysp. 243
turcica Led. Org. 98
turcomanica Alph. Hyp. 242
turkmenica Reiss Zyg. 261
turragallii Aust. Cel.' 161
tusa Swh. Hyp. 180
tusca Vrty. Zyg. 256
tuscamodica Vrty. Zyg. 257
tutti Rbl. Zyg. 33
tutulella Zij. Nola 61 .
typkloteisa Pf. & Buh. Call. 89
typica-lafitolia Wlad. Cel. 152
tykaci Vlach Cel. 162
Tyria Hbn. 90
tzygankovi Kozh. Mim 62

II.

ukraina Przeg. Zyg. 277
ukrainica Shelf. Zyg. 16 256
uhni Schiff. Exaer 175
ulula Bkh. Dysp. 243
umbrata Gehl. Cel. 151
umbrosa Am. Sat. 132

Plate

8 a, b
14 b

16 h

2 i

16 e

1 1

4 m

5 e

16 i

5 h

umbrosa Stgr. Hopl. 176
umbrosa Schtz. Cel. 150
unca Houlb. Trisp. 193
uncoflabello Vrty. Zyg. 256
uncula Stgr. Heter. 202
undecimaeulata Rocci Zyg. 35
undulella Fisch.-Ros. Epi. 221
undulosa Mr. Clan. 141
ungemaehi le C. Arct. 86
ungemachi le C. Zyg. 12
unicolor Closs Cose. 71
unicolor Giinth. Perg. 158
unicolor Hbn. Pack. 213
unicolor Oberth. Lem. 127
unicolor Oberth. Zyg. hil. 24
unicolor Rag. Cham. 287 .

unicolor Schtz. Per. 131
unicolor Wnuk. Lym. 100
unicolor -brunnea Rbl. Dendr
120

unicolora Gn. Lith. 68
unifasciata Gschw. Sph. 139
unifasciata Splr. Pal. 191
unifasciata Splr. Pol. 192
uniformis B.-Haas Diacr. 83
uniformis Dyar Lith. 68
uniformis Oberth. Not. 180
uniformis Rothsch. Ocne. 102
unilinea Rothsch. Spila. 80
unilinea Tutt Las. 113
unimacula Closs Cel. 150
unimaculata Marsch. Pal. 190
unimaculata Splr. Pol. 192
unimaculata Vorbr. Zyg me!

31

unipuncta Hmps. Phryg. 70
unipuncta Strd.. Spilos. 81
unipuncta Trti. Synt. 54
unipunctata Houlb. Hopl. 189
unipunctata Splr. Pal. dupl.

190

unipunctata Splr. Pal. fluct.

190

unita Hbn. Lith. 68
unita Rocci Zyg. 16
unita Rost. Euch. 75
uralensis H.-Schaff. Zyg. 256
uralensis Heyne Arct. 87
uralensis Krul. Par. 77
uralensis Krul. Zyg. 30, 274
uralensis Splr. Rhyp. 82
uralia Bgff. Zyg. 30, 271
Urania III. 171

urga Her. Mir. 206 .

urocera Bsd. Cer. 173
uroceriformis Tr. Dips. 234
Urodonta Stgr. 176
ursina Btlr. Scop. 201
urticae Esp. Spilos. 81
ussuriensis Moltr. Not. 179
ussuriensis O. B.-H. Mar. 143
ussuriensis O. B.-H. Micr. 79
ussuriensis O. B.-H. Milt. 65
ussuriensis Pngl. Wilem. 182
ussuriensis Reiss Zyg. 38
ustula Krul. Spila. 80
Utetheisa Hbn. 71

Plate

1 k

10 f
16 i

6 a

15 e

6 k
5 k

4 c

j valentini Brd. Zyg. 13
Valeria Steph. 187

valesiaca Bgff. Zyg. eph. 43 . 4 1

valesiae Bgff. Zyg. cacn. 27
| valesiae Bgff. Zyg. 272
valesiella Mill. Or. 215 ... 141,

valida Bgff. Zyg. 10
j validus O. B.-H. Micr. 79
vallentini Oberth. Lem. 127
J vanadis Dalm. Zyg. 12, 253
I vandalica Mill. Chon. 109

Plate

I vandalitia Bgff. Zyg. 31
j vandalusica Rbb. Cel. 152, 162
vangeli Schtz. Zyg. 29
variabilis Bgff. Zvg. 14, 254
variabilis Trnr. Thy. 188
| varians Stndf. Am. 157
variegata Closs Cel. 151
J variegata Lenz Er. 112
variegata Lenz Ptil. 183
variegata Splr. Pol. 192
variegata Wil. Fent. 176
vasquezi Oberth. Lem. 127
vaucheri Blach. Las. 114
vaulogeri Stgr. Axia 194 . . 1.5 f

j velata Dhl. Phal. 184
J vclitaris Hufn. Ochr. 181
vellayi Aign. Zvg. 28 29 272
1 273

velox Christ. Syn. 232
velutina Houlb. Gaur. 193 . . 14 b

velutina Std. Cel. 150
velutinum Roll. Phoc. 203
veneta Stdfs. Mai. 110 ... . 9 d

I venosa Adk. Diaph. 82
1 venosa Wkr. Scop. 201
vera Albara 169
veris Lenz Epic. 118
verityana Bgff. Zyg. 18
verityi Std. Zyg. 39
verityi Stef. Zyg. 7
vernetensis Oberth. Cose. 71
vernetensis Oberth. Dipl. 116
vernetensis Oberth. Zyg. 14
veronicae Bkh. Zyg. 15 . . . 2 a

j veronicae Bkh. Zyg. 256
verrina Bgff. Zyg. 28, 273
vertebralis le Ch. Zyg. 41
vesperdiana Hornst. Cel. 163
vespertilio Esp. Cel. 163
vespiformis L. Syn. 231
vestalis Rbl. Reb. 220
vestalis Stgr. Reb. 220 ... 14 k

viadrina Stgr. Psy. 216
viciae Hbn. Zyg. 16
viciella Schiff. Psy. 216
vicina Gn. Thy. 188
vicina Swh. Parad. 172
victori Dblk. Micr. 78
victoriae Petk. Hep. 247
vidua Schz. Eud. 133
! villica L. Arct. 87, 281
| villicella Strd. Arct. 87
! villicula Strd. Arct. 87
villosa Bgff. Zyg. S ... . 4 n

vilosella O. Pach. 213, 214
i ’inula L. Cer. 174
viola cea Fixs. Thy. 189
violacea Lamb. Ach. 137
violacea Rocci Zyg. stoech. 35
violacearia Leech Dec. 172
vira Mr. Alb. 169

virago Rothsch. Las. 114 . . . 9 g

virago Schaw. Dys. 59

vireckana Bndm. Cel. 150

virescens Gehl. Cel. 151

virgata Dhl. Ptil. 184

virginalis Oberth. Arct. 85

virginea Dhl. Dys. 58 ... . 5 g

virginea Beta. Milt. 65

virginea Oberth. Das. 96

virgo Oberth. Chil. 116

viridescens Bgff. Zyg. 8

viridimaculosa Mats. Desm.

175

viridis Closs Mim. 144

viridis Przeg. Zyg. 273

vitellides Strd. Lith. 68

vitellina Bsd. Lith. 68

vitellina Koll. Eupr. 104

vitellina Tr. Lith. un. 68

vitellius Oberth. Las. 115

vitrea Bgff. Zyg. 34 .... 3 k

vitrina Gehl. Mim. 144 ... 12 b

INDEX.

315

vitrina Stgr. Zyg. 13
vittata Closs Sph. 139
vittata Engl. A. caja 86
vittata Niep. Euch. 75
vittata Splr. Arct. 87
vivax Vrty. Zyg. 38
vivida Zy. Drym. 178 . .
voelkeri Trautm. Epi. 221
vogesiaca Przeg. Zyg. 277
vorbrodtella Writ. Sci. 216
vozea Przeg. Zyg. 257
vulpecula Dhl. Odon. 119
vulpinaria L. Diacr. 83

W.

wagneri Dso. Cel. 164
wagneri Mill. Zyg. 17
wagneri Piing. Oronc. 78
wagneri Tuft Las. 113
wagneriana Reiss Zyg. 44
walkeri Curt. Spilos. 81
walkeri Fldr. Sam. 130
waltharii Bgff. Zyg. 16
wambachi Goltz Arct. 281
wardi Matth. Arct. 87
warionis Oberth. Alb. 103
warneckei Std. Synt. 56
watsoni Oberth. Sam. 130
weileri Dzi. Zyg. 29
weileri Stgr. Zyg. 272
weileri Vorbr. Zyg. 28
wesloeensis Knock. Perg. 154
Whittleia Tutt 212, 221
wilemani Mats. Desm. 175

Plate

14 f

14 i

7 b

8 i
11 b

Plate

Wilemania 286
Wilemanus Mats. 182
wilkinsoni Tams Thaum. ] 07 . 9 a

whiter steini Wohnig Org. 97
wiskotti Calb. Zyg. 28
wiskotti Niep. Per. 131
wiskotti Stgr. Arct. 87 ... . 7 f

witzenmanni Gschw. Sat. 133
wolffi Krss. Dendr. 120
wormsbacheri John Smer. 156 12 f

worthing! Tutt Zyg. 38
wullschlegeli Oberth. Zyg. 43 . 4 i

X.

xanthia le C. Cham. 235 . . 16 g

xanthocampa Dyar Gorth.

284

xanthocephala Closs Leuc. 181
xanthoceros Hbn. Pol. 192
xanthographa Germ. Zyg. 39
xanthoptera Oberth. Cose. 70
xanthopus Oberth. Biet. 208 . 15 1

xanthorrhoea Oberth. Eupr. 104 8 h

Xyleutes Hbn. 241

Y.

yamamai Guer. Anth. 130
yatsugadakensis Mats. Som.

112,284 . 9 e

yatungiae Strd. Psil. 64

Plate

yezoensis Hmps. Aeg. 229
yezonica Mats. Par. 231
yezonis Strd. Synt. 57
youngi Rothsch. Zyg. 27 . . . 3 a

ypsilon St alt. Arct. 86

Z.

zabeth le C. Hyal. 215
zanoni Trti. Chon. 109
zarana Bgff. Zyg. 34 . . . . 3 k

Zaranga Mr. 174
zatima Stoll Spila. 79
zelleri Mn. Acanth. 213
Zenodoxus Gr. <fc R. Micr. 239
zenzeroides Mr. Lang. 143
zermattensis Frey Sci. 216
Zeuzera Lair. 244
zickerti Dicr. 174
zickerti Bgff. Zyg. 39
ziczac Fritsch Cel. 151
ziczac L. Not. 178, 180
zimmermanni Graes. Org. 97 . 8 c

zimnyi Szculc. Arct. 86
zion Hopp Som. 197 . . .

zlatoroga Reiss Zyg. 35
zobeli Reiss Zyg. 17, 257 .

zonata Btlr. Dendr. 121
zonata Rocci Zyg. stoech. 35
zoraida Grasl. Ocn. 73
zuleima Pierr. Zyg. 12 ... Ik

zwerinai Vlach Cel. 163
zwerinai Grosse Cel. 161
Zygaena F. 6, 249
Zygaeninae 1, 5, 249

%

tO CO (N

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the

MACRO LEPIDOPTERA

OF THE WORLD

A SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE
HITHERTO KNOWN MACROLEPIDOPTERA

IN COLLABORATION WITH WELL-KNOWN SPECIALISTS

EDITED BY

Dr. ADALBERT SEITZ, Processor

DIVISION I: FAUNA PALAEARCTICA VOL. i—4
WITH SUPPLEMENT — VOL. 1 — 4

DIVISION II: FAUNA EXOTICA VOL. 5 — 16
PALAEONTOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY
OF THE MACROLEPIDOPTERA — VOL. 17

V

SUPPLEMENT TO VOL. 2

ALFRED KERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART

1 9 3 4

Ill

Acanthopsyche 14
Actias 14
Agalope 1
Aglaope 1
Aglia A 11
Agylla 6
Albara 10
Albarracina 8
Alloprocris 1
Amicta 14
Amorpha 12
Angelus 15
Apaidia 5
Apisa 5
Arctia 7
Aroa 8
Asura 6
Axia 15

Bhima 10
Bietia 15

Calasymbolus 12
Callimorpha 7
Camptochilus 16
Cania 15
Celama 5, 6
Celerio 13
Cerura 14, 15
Chamaesphecia 16
Chelis 7
Chilena 10
Chondrostega 9, 10
Cifuna 8
Cilix 10
Clanis 12
Clelea 1
Cletis 7
Cochlidion 15
Cochliotheca 14
Coscinia 6
Cosmo tricha 10
Cossus 16
Cybosia 5

Dasychira 8, 9, 10
Dendrolimus 10
Diacrisia 7
Diplura 9
Dipsosphecia 16
Dolbina 12

Index of Plates.

The numbers indicate the plates.

Drymonia 15
Dysauxes 5
Dysodia 16

Endrosa 5

Epichnopterix 14, 15
Epicnaptera 10
Epipleura 15
Eriogaster 9
Eterusia 1
Eucharia 6
Eudia 6
Euprepia 6
Euproctis 8, 10

Fumea 15

Gaurena 14
Gaurenopsis 14
Gurelca 12

Haemorrhagia 12
Haplotliyatira 11, 15
Hepialus 15
Herpa 1

Hyperaeschra 14
Hyhoraia 7
Hypopta 16

Illiberis 1
Iragoides 15

Lasiocampa 9, 10
Lemonia 10
Lepista 6
Lithosia 6
I Lophocosma 15
Luffia 15
Lymantria 8

Macrothylacia 9
Malacosoma 9
Marumba 12
Megaceramis 15
Meganoton 12
Melagonina 14
Melanocraspes 11
Melittia 16
Metanastria 10
Micrarctia 6, 7
Microleon 1 5

Miltochrista 5
Mimas 12
Mimerastria 5
Miresa 15
Miresina 15
Monema 15

Narosa 15
Narosoideus 15
Neoprepia 1
Nola 5, 6
Nossa 15

j Notodonta 14, 15

j Nudaria 5
Nudina 5

! Ochrostigma 14
Ocneria 8
Ocnerogyna 8
Ocnogyna 6
Odonestis 10
Odontosia 14, 15
Odontosina 15

J Oreopsyche 14

j Orgyia 8

| Orodemnias 6
Oroncus 6, 7

Pachypasa 10
Paidia 5

Palimpsestis 15, 16
Pantana 8
Paralebeda 10
Paranthrene 16
Parapsestis 15
Parasa 15
Parasemia 6
Parasiccia 6
Pelosia 6
Pergesa 13
Pericallia 7
Pheosia 14
Philea 5
Phragmatobia 6
Phryganopsis 6
Pidorus 1
Poecilocampa 9
Polyploca 14, 15, 16
Polyptychus 12
Praesetora 15
Preparctia 7

Procris 1

Pseudofentonia 15
Pseudopsyche 1
Psyche 14, 15
Psychidea 15
Pterostoma 14
Ptilophora 14
Pygaera 15

Rebelia 14
Rhamnosa 15
Rhyparia 7
Roeselia 6

Sarnia. 11
Saturnia 11
Scioptera 14
Seitzia 9
Selenephora 9
Setora 1 5
Smerinthus 12, 13
Somabrachys 15, 16
Somadasys 9
Spatalia 15
Sphecia 16
Sphinx 12
Spilarctia 7
Spilobasis 11, 15
Spilosoma 7
Sterrhopteryx 14
Stilpnotia 8
Susica 15
Synanthedon 16
Syntomis 5
Syrastrenopsis 10

Taragama 10
Thaumetopoea 9
I Theretra 13
Thosea 15
Thyatira 14
Thyris 16
Trichiura 9
Trichogyia 15
Trispila 14

Wilemanus 14

Zaranga 16
Zeuzera 15

Zygaena 1, 2, 3, 4, 16

All rights reserved.

Printed in Germany.

Copyright 1934 by Alfred Kernen, Verlag, Stuttgart

Printed by H. Laupp jr, Tubingen.

endoxantha $

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fracticingulata ?

, . hispanic.

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cadillaci d

anatoliens:

atoliensis

dystrepta d

contamineoides]

algecirensis

Suppl. II.

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Pars I. Fauna Pa-laearctica Suppl. II.

Hauser?Presse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b.

•esse

Suppl. II.

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e

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1

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Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. II.

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Suppl. II.

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fs

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Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. II.

Suppl. II.

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b

c

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Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 2.

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CELAMA-MICRARCTIA.

Suppl. II.

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, crambiformis . . irreeularis ,,

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%:>|

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t .

W-

V<r-

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romeii $

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Pars. I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M

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Pars. I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 2.

Hauserpresse VTerner u. Winter, G. m. b. H.. Frankfurt a. M.

Suppl. II.

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Pars. I. Fauna Paiaearctica Suppl. 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, O. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

obscura S

bonjeani

bicolor

insignipenms

carneades S

■wilkmsoni

osthelderi gotschmanni S

tingitana S

aurivillii S

powelli S

relictus

calberlae S

albomarginata

intermedia S

brunneosolivacea

pauli S

tenera S

intacta

m

castiliana S

riickbeili

veneta S

schaufussi ?

veneta $

yatsugadakensis

yatsugadakensis

kibunensis

Ym

aegyptiaca S

serrula S

olivacea S

piingeleri S

josua $

arbuscuiae $

josua

sardoa

aucta S

virago $

simulatrix S

decolorata S

schulzi ?

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TeTifascia

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plumigera

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sordidior S

malchani

• THAUMETOPOEA-SEITZIA.

Hauscrpiessc Werner u. Winter,

Univcrsitatsdruckcrei G. m. b. H^, Frankfurt a.

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 2.

•SYRASTRENOPSIS-ALBARA.

i

piperita

pastrana

constantina

albofasci ata

powelli

constantina

moltrechti

glasunovi

diversifasciata

relicta

hilgerti

latimarginata

rufescens

sibirica c?

sagittifera

biundulata

sibirica $

lucasi

bomilcar

bufo $

punctata

hamilcar

flavopurpurea

powelli

ambigua

intermedia

angulata

tenebrosa

tancrei

fern or ata

unicolor

femorata $

filipjeri

robusta

ocellata

opalescens

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 2

Hauserpresse

Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

EUDIA-SPILOBASIS

josephinae

hybridan minor

alpina

macrotaos

meridionalis S

standfussi <$

watsoni J1

melaina

weismannb subcoeca

emiliae

transitans

amurensis

daubii

flavorosea ?

circumdata

punctorenalis

simplificata

lineofracta

Pars I. Fauna palaearctica Suppl. 2.

Hauserptesse Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

CP®

^AL

?-v:

SPHINGIDAE

obscurata

scribae

vitrina

jankowskii

montana

eisnen

complacens

clarissimus

irata

ocelloplanus

wormsbacheri

melania

ocelloastylus

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica 2.

Hauserpresse W^erner u. W^iDtcr, Universitatsdruckcrei G. ro. b. H., Frankfurt a.

SPHINGIDAE

stollei

meridionalis

libanotica

livopenor

hybridus

saharae

euphothymali

euphorbiaella

chamyla

transcaspica

riihlii

nebulosa

gii.ntheri

tenerifana

nigra

daubi U

daubi

livorneuphorbiae U

livorneuphorbiae

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica 2.

Hauserpresse

Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G. m. b. H-, Frankfurt a. M.

fHYATIRA-EPICHNOPTERIX

a

b

c

d

dubia

mandschurica

singularis

apollo

palaestinensis

gelupka

japomca

dubernardi

diminuta

trimaculata

velutina

olivacea

expansa

, E

.--A

* C if

m 1

syra

ludovicae

ludovicior

g

h

i

k

senex

febretta

caucasica

orophila

iliensis

quadrangularis

albescens

colossa

nigricans

desertorum

taurica

mauretanica

angustella

valesiella

kriigeri

s'

nylanderi

stauderi

bavarica

subvestalis

pontbrillantella

silesiaca

Pars I. Fauna P a 1 a e ar c t i c a. Suppl. 2,

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G.m. b. H.f Frankfurt a. M.

EPIPLEMA-SOMABRACHYS.

. ■ f '

tatricolella

schwingen;

schussi

moncaunella

lactescens

lefevrei

sibirica

bflavella

comitella

saxicolella

helvetica

deliana

fuscoargenteus

curvatum

citrinaria

alpherakyi

houlberti

arno

hectina J1

argentata lamprolepk

unipimetata

patricia

soledad <$

soledad $

moltrechti

vau

nigronervata susrukii

rubicundula

sinensis

subampliat,

domaculata

topseuti

a. mgrescens

pseudochracea fasciata obscura

oneura

ausa

monogramma

circulifera

dentifera

thaumasta

luscicostalis

robusta

mgrans

smica

flavissima

inexpectata flavidorsalis

lepidula

hilarula

prasma

pseudorepanda

infuscata

manastabal

ad herbal

zion

brunnescens

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 2. „

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G.m.b.H., Frankfurt a. M.

aegrota

massiva

insu

paulomaculata

ossus

serenoides

pectin ata

staud

insolitus

ingiaeformis

vlaria

tunetana

pel vcincta

dumonti

talischensis

roseiventris

ducillieri

miran

atlantica

chlorotica

melano

xanthia

tristis

montandoni

ana

maghre+Hca

tingitana

borrevi

powelli

mi era

tingitana

balcanica

euglossaefor-

mis

tristis

unicolor

pfeifferi d"

margaritosa

anthrax

chimena

hadjinensis

schmidti ?

mensis

lineata 2

ersc

perdita

sogdiana 2

sogdiana d"

sep. ornata

nobilis V

erschoffi <j>

tricolor d*

laetifica d"

merzbacheri $

olivieri d”

S0MABRACHYS-ZY6AENA

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 2.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter. Universitatsdruckerei O. m. b. If.. Frankfurt a. M.