• g ! .

R -v •

• - ■ ■ •

rti.i V,v’lv • K * • ’v-v1

-• ■'

•j,;.; , {/jV. j ‘iV.M.ri! :oHTsM

.

|w|Bu

y.1 -,v

£j>o.

COO' ;

Til E

MACROLEPIDOPTERA
OF THE WORLD

A SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE
HITHERTO KNOWN MACROLEPIDOPTERA

IN COLLABORATION WITH WELL-KNOWN SPECIALISTS

EDITED BY

Dr. ADALBERT SEITZ, Professor

v

DIVISION I: FAUNA PALAEARCTICA VOL. 1—4
WITH SUPPLEMENT — VOL. 1—4

DIVISION II: EAUNA EXOTICA VOL. 5 — 16
PALAEONTOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY
OF THE MACROLEPIDOPTERA — VOL. 17

*

SUPPLEMENT TO VOL. 3.

ALFRED KERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART

i 9 3 S

THE

PALAE ARCTIC
NOCTUID MOTHS

WITH 26 PLATES

SUPPLEMENT

v

ALFRED ICERNEN, PUBLISHER, STUTTGART

1 9 3 §

All rights reserved.

Printed in Germany.

Copyright 1938 by Alfred Kernen, Publisher, Stuttgart.

*

Printed by n. Laupp ji, Tubingen.

V

Foreword,

(Partly from Notes left by Prof. Dr. Ad. Seitz, who died on 5th March 1938.)

The publication of Main Volume III of our monumental work took place in the years 1909 to 1913
and the Editor in his remarks in the Preface of this Supplementary Volume mentioned, that in broad out¬
line, the arrangement of the original Volume would be followed and in general this accords with the principles
of Hampson’s Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Pludaenae and other existing Catalogues. As, however, Hampson's
masterly work appeared after ours, Warren, who edited our Main Volume III, did not have the advantage
thereof and was unable to arrange his classifications and systematization etc accordingly. This would, of course,
have been desirable, had it been possible. The Editor of this Supplementary Volume considered it of prime
importance, for reasons of comparison and lucidity, to follow our original classification and not to re-arrange
matters on the basis of Hampson's work. There are therefore certain discrepancies, as for instance, in the
Acronictinae, Mominae and Bryophilinae, where our publication was “issued before Hampson's corresponding
chapters were ready. Hampson classified the Acronictinae subfamilies after Amphipyra etc. On the other
hand the Melicleptriinae and Heliotkidinae, which we have placed near the end of our Volume, would, on
account of the spined tibiae, have had to be placed at the commencement near the Agrotinae.

Neither the Editor nor the Publishers have overlooked the fact that during the last few years a per¬
ceptible evolution has taken place in descriptive Entomology. Greater importance is continually being attached
to anatomical and microscopical details, as compared with the earlier method of macroscopical characteristics
and the habits of the insects. A number of renowned scientists has come to the conclusion that the modern,
more physiological examination of specimens calls for a more exact differentiation, based on structural charact¬
eristics. These are said to be of greater importance than the earlier more obvious and superficial features and
it is held that they should be given first consideration. It can easily be realised that, from our standpoint,
we are reluctant to introduce a rather one-sided system of basing ourselves almost exclusively on anatomical
differences. We have to bear in mind that ours is a general work, that 95% of our readers are amateurs, en¬
thusiasts and collectors, whereas only 5% are scientists. Prof. Dr. Seitz has also repeatedly drawn attention
to the fact, that in a work that is limited as to capacity, it is impossible to give too minute anatomical or
extensive descriptions. In the Supplement of the Macrolepidoptera of the World, a little more latitude has
been allowed in this regard and where space has permitted, the Editor has given rather more detail than in
the past.

Further we have felt that our illustrations are the best and most desired medium, not only for the
purpose of denominating, but also for the arrangement of collections. Over 4000 illustrations were given in
the Main Volume and we have now added a further 1600. The technique of the illustrator's art has made
notable progress in the last 20 years. Very numerous new species have been discovered, especially in palae-
arctic Asia and Africa. Many forms also, that were previously not available, have now been secured for illu¬
strative purposes. In the Preface of Volume HI it was mentioned, that some of the illustrations, especially
of the rarer species, left much to be desired, as only poor illustrations in former works were available for repro¬
duction. In many cases these have now been replaced by better illustrations, as the difficulties of obtaining
fresh types of the original insects have been overcome. As the Editor has explained in the subsequent short
Preface, as a matter of principle, British specimens have been used as typical of British species. Little atten¬
tion was paid in the past to small divergences from continental specimens of the same moth. The task of the
Macrolepidoptera was never intended to be a monographic differentiation of local races, but a brief account
of the characteristic features of each species and its main subforms. The great majority of aberrations that are

VI

FOREWORD.

denominated today, have for the last 100 years and even longer, been known and simply classified with the
type species and this has been the case even in the best arranged private collections. No one ever thought of
taking exception to such a system. It is mainly due to Tutt, that the new system of denominating all shades
of variety, has been introduced. While this was well known when Volume III was being published, it had
not yet become a general practice. Therefore many specimens were illustrated as the type, which today, in
consequence of the publication of some highly specialised monograqth, would have a separate distinct designation.
In this regard some criticisms have not been merited and further, some denominations have been made, that
are quite unjustifiable. For instance the naming of faded specimens. Even with the utmost care and when a
collection is kept in cabinets, that are seldom exposed to the light, it is a well known fact, that just with
the N octuidae, the colour is liable to change, more or less, in the course of years. The grey-blue and slate coloura¬
tions are liable to alter to a yellowish brown hue, an occurrence, of which one has long been awrare, but which,
when taking a broad view, should be considered quite natural and of no particular moment. Further, owing
to the many expeditions of later years, certain species have been found in large numbers, whereas formerly but
a single faded, worn or damaged specimen was known. In such cases these naturally had to serve the artist as
the model for the first illustration of a type. The artist is often in an unenviable position, when, for instance,
the owner of an unique specimen, would not part with it even temporarily, but in order to show his good will,
tried in an amateur way to make a drawing or a water colour sketch. This was often very unlike the real
thing and not in the least true to nature. May we ask our readers to bear in mind, that the exact reproduction
of the N octuidae. is one of the most difficult tasks that exists and to crave their indulgence therefore, if every¬
thing in this Supplementary Volume is not up to perfection.

It will be readily understandable, that had we give full consideration to all the recently published
anatomical details, these would have proved an insurmountable obstacle to a rapid completion of the present
Supplementary Volume. In any case, constant revision became necessary in an attempt to bring matters up
to date and to keep in step with the many new publications dealing with examinations of the genitalia. The
Volume was practically ready for final publication in 1935, when a second and yet a third Addenda had to
be made in an attempt to include, as far as was possible, all the new material that had become available.
The size, that this Volume would have assumed, can easily be imagined, had all the Genera been revised on
the basis of recent anatomical examinations, in the same way as Dr. Corti has dealt with the Agrotis and
Boursin the Athetisl Further revisions of this nature are indeed planned and already in preparation and the
Editor has had to consider whether it would not have been better to wait with the completion of this Volume
until these publications were available. The details they may reveal and which may help to complete our know¬
ledge, could then have been included here. At present also the most interesting parts of the palaearctic terri¬
tory, the regions where many a secret may yet be divulged — the entire centre of Asia and the greatest part
of the Chinese territory — are just at the moment yielding such a wealth of new forms, as has never been
known before. The systematic exploration and examination of the fauna of the numerous and diverse chains
of mountains in the South and on the borders of Mongolia and the methodic collecting, that is now going
on there, especially through the intrepid persistence and activity of Dr. Hoene, are giving the most astoni¬
shing results. It might therefore seem to many, quite incomprehensible, that this work should be completed
just at a time, when in a relatively short period, its incompleteness and imperfections may become apparent.
Nevertheless there must come a time for finality and the period, that had been set for the completion of the
whole series of palaearctic Volumes, has already been far exceeded. Continual pressure has been brought to
bear on the publishers to press forward with the final publication of this Volume. It may be remarked that
the Editor himself is most reluctant and has only decided with a very heavy heart to desist from waiting
a little longer in the hope of including some of the numerous, partly quite exceptionally interesting new disco¬
veries, which are now available, but which have not yet been comprehensively examined scientifically.

All we can hope is, that this Supplementary Volume III will be found to be not merely an addition
to the Main Volume, but in many ways, an improvement thereon. Some of the more recent publications and
here Ave again especially mention Sir George Hampson's Catalogue, will then have in no mean measure con¬
tributed to this success and the help derived from them is here gratefully acknowledged.

Darmstadt, May 1938.

Dr. M. Drattdt.

Full. 13. I. 1931.

PREFACE. By Dr. M. Draudt.

1

Phaiaenae, Noctuiform Moths.

Preface.

By Dr. M. Draudt.

In considering the palaearctic Noctuidae we are dealing with the same geographical territory as set out
in Vol. 1 of the Supplement. Consequently the large increase in the number of palaearctic Noctuidae and
especially the last groups of the same, the Hypeninae, is excluded as these have chiefly been found in Formosa
from whence most of the new descriptions emanate. Formosa decidedly does not belong to the palaearctic group.

Thanks to the excellent methods of capture and research Noctuidae show a rich addition of many
genuine species, subspecies and local forms. Nearly throughout, a reasonable limit has been set in denominations
of new aberrations and an excessive subdivision has only taken place in very few species. The generally more
uniform colouration and the very similar type of markings do not encourage nomenclature. Consequently
the new names are chiefly for genuine species and or subspecies and this is an agreeable result of the Work of
the last years.

The additional knowledge has been particularly rich in regard to north african discoveries which are
consequent upon the intensive research of Oberthur, Rothschild and Titrati. We have here quite an
astonishing wealth of forms. A considerable quantity of new information has been added from the Far East
and Japan, and latterly especially also from Spain through the active collecting mainly by austrian collectors.

The handling of the subject matter in Vol. Ill of the original work did in many respects not give
complete satisfaction. The text was too brief and insufficient in regard to many of the descriptions. Frequently
also the german translation of the original english text was unsatisfactory, or the translation did not express
that which was intended. Further the colour designations in the two languages do not express identically the
same because the english expression indicates a different shade than in the german translation. We mention
for instance the word “purple”. As has been proved in the meanwhile many species and forms were not
properly dealt with and others were quite omitted. Every effort will be made to remedy these deficiencies and
omissions in the Supplement.

What has just been said in regard to the text also applies but in a greater degree to the handling of the
plates. One must admit that just in representing Noctuidae one meets with a large measure of difficulty both
from the standpoint of the drawing as well the colouring. It is only in the rarest cases that it is possible to
give a perfect representation such as would be possible by an expert draughtsman, like Citlot. In the main
volume in general all the Noctuidae which occur also in England were illustrated from english specimens. In
many cases this explains a certain divergence in the appearance in comparison to the usual continental forms.
Thanks to the collaboration of many public institutes it has now often been possible to replace poor illustrations
by new ones taken from original specimens. In this regard the unique and comprehensive collection of Pungeler
in the Berlin Museum has rendered most valuable services. Pungeler had promised shortly before his death
to give me every help in dealing with the Noctuidae. Unfortunately his premature death cancelled these hopes,
but fortunately the documents and records which formed the basis of his collection and are a testimony to his
unusual care and discernment are at my disposal. We also owe a debt of gratitude to the Museums in Munich,
Dresden, Stuttgart and Tring, and further to many other well known collectors, especially Mr. Otto Bang-

Supplementary Volume 3 1

o

PREFACE. By Dr. M. Draudt.

Haas, Fritz Wagner of Vienna and Mr. Dannehl who have so kindly placed very valuable type material at
our disposal.

In broad outline we have followed exactly the classification of the material according to the subdivision
in Vol. Ill of the main Work. In general this followed the principles of Hampson, whose volumes of the Cat.
Lep. Phal. however were not available at the time the Work Was published so that also in this respect complete
perfection was not achieved. There will be little to criticise apart from the interposition of the Mominae,
Acronyctinae and Bryophilinae which in any case are a strange conglomeration. However in the interest of an
easy comparison we have followed the systematic arrangement of the main part of the Work, more especially
as in most other Works on the subject this old order is still followed.

AGARISTIDAE; EUSEMIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

O

•}

1. Family: Agaristidae.

By Dr. M. Draudt.

Genus : JCiisemisi Dalm.

E. maculatrix Westw. This north indian species described in Vol. XI, p. 5 and also illustrated on Plate 4 a maculatrix.
has predominantly white spotted forewings in the type form. It occurs in W. China on the frontier of the pal-
aearctic region in a partially yellow spotted form for which Strand has given the following denominations : -
ab. antemedialis Strd. (= ab. i Hvips.) with upper half of the antemedian and median cell spots of forewings antemedia-
coloured yellow. — ab. cellularis Strd. (= ab. 3 Hmps.) is similar but has the spots behind the upper angle of the c.c??i(?arJ*s'
cell also yellow. — ab. angulan's Strcl. (= ab. 4 Hmps.). In this case also the spots behind the lower cell angle angularis.
are yellow. All these forms occur on the Omei-shan and at Moupin. This species should be classified before
E. lecfrix. lectrix.

Alphabetical List

of the palaearctic Agaristidae mentioned, Index and reference of original descriptions.

angularis Eus. Strd. Lep. Cat. 5, p. 5 (1912).
antemedialis Eus. Strd. Lep. Cat. 5, p. 5 (1912)

cellularis Eus. Strd. Lep. Cat. 5, p. 5 (1912).

PANTHEA; MOMA; DIPHTHERA; COLOCASIA. By Dr. M. Dkaudt.

2. Family: Mcctuidae.

1. Subfamily: Acronyctinae.

1. Genus: Psvntliea Hbn.

P. coenobita Esp. This species advances to the north as far as the Baltic Provinces, in E. Prussia it is coenobiia.
occasionally very frequent without however becoming a pest; it is common on Saghalin in the middle of July;
towards the south it is found as far as N. Italy. — In ab. latefaseiata Bbl. the black markings in the discal area latejasciuia.
become heavier forming a black discal band, whilst the basal and marginal areas continue to remain predom¬
inantly white. — ab. immaculata SJielj. is based on a $ found in Germany: it is without orbicular or reniform immuculata.
stigmata which are apparently covered over by the transverse lines which are displaced. — In the Amur region
this species occurs as a special subspecies: ussuriensis Warn. (= kotschubeyi Shelj.), it is much larger than the ussuriensis.
european form, the black spots are somewhat diffuse and appear to stand on lighter ground. The white ground
colour thereby becomes more prominent. This is a distinct form from Ussuri.

2. Genus: Moma Hbn.

M. ludlfica L. The name type generally varies little and the species is therefore scarcely to be mistaken ludifica.
for any other. — ab. dlffusipicta Strd. is distinguished by the more diffuse markings of the fore wings, hind wings diffusipicta.
are quite suffused with black with the exception of the inner marginal area which retains the yellow. Probably
the name is synonymous with — ab. lugens Gulot (1 a), established from a specimen caught at Dresden. This lugens.
probably represents the melanic extreme of this form of aberration. The type is found besides in mid-Europe,
southwards to E. France, also in the Bretagne; northwards it is found as far as Reval.

M. champa Moore — v. ainu Wilem. differs by the more distinct posterior transverse line of forewings ainu.
which forms an arc from the costa to beyond the middle of the wing and then proceeds obliquely to the inner
margin; hindwings yellowish widely margined with blackish. Japan, Yesso, Kiushiu.

6. Genus : JMphtliera Tr.

D. alpium Osb. In the form designata Trti. (la) from a specimen from Sestola, in the Apennines of designata.
Modena, the black markings are absent in the discal area that usually traverse between the stigmata from costa
to inner margin. — glauca Trti. from Camaldoli is clearly a further stage in evolution, here the basal and sub- glauca.
marginal black markings are also absent; fringes are quite white, the green is restricted to 2 bands of spots,
one median and the other antemarginal. In contrast to the designata form we have — fasciata Lenz (1 a) with fasciata.
a coherent wide black middle band. It is described from Bavaria. The name type is found eastwards as far as
Saghalin. In northern regions the larvae are found chiefly on birch, as for instance in Esthland.

7. Genus: Oolocasia Hbn.

G. coryli L. A number of varieties have been described. — ab. avellanae Huene (1 a) is a uniform grey avellanae.
form without any brown marking in basal area, this has often been observed and occurs from Esthland to S.

Bavaria and the Tyrol. — nielanofica HaverJcpf. ( = weymeri Hold) (1 a) is a specimen that is uniform sooty melanotica.
black over the body and wings, only the basal half of the wings being faintly darker. It is found in the industrial
regions of the Rhine (Elberfeld and Barmen). — ab. mediortigra Vorbr.: concurrently with the typical form, medionigra.

6

OXYCESTA; EOGENA; SIMYRA. By Dr. M. Dkaudt.

alba.

ivaulersi.

bclulae.

uniformis.

umbrosis¬

sima.

ussuriensis.

grisescens.

suzukii.

umbrosa.

serratae.

conta-

minella.

moltrechti.

autumna.

specimens occur at Dombresson having a dark black-brown discal area; they resemble umbrosissima which
however is considerably larger and browner. — ab. alba Der. is a $ with grey-white instead of red-brown body
and a similarly coloured basal area. On the other hand however it has a black-brown marginal spot on fore wings;
hindwings also are paler, fringes grey intersected with white. — ab. wautersi Dufrane is smaller by y3 rd: the
pale grey area between the postmedian and the fringes is red-brown, the discal area is sharply outlined with pale
brown. Described from 3 specimens from the neighbourhood of Antwerp. - betulae Lenz is an aberration of
the larva not of the imago. They were found in upper Pomerania on birch and it is to be presumed that this
form will be occasionally found elsewhere ; the larva is of violet-black colour having warts with white hairs and
a white lateral row of spots; the lateral hair tufts on the 1st and on the 11th segments are black, the bristles
on the 4th and 5th segments are rusty red. — The following local forms are established: — uniformis Trti. from
Calabria with uniform brown ground colour in contrast to the uniform grey of avellanae or mus; only the outer
edge of the reniform mark remains light. — umbrosissima Trti. is a much larger form from Sardinia; the dark
outline of the brown basal area is more pronounced, forming a deep dark brown triangular discal band. It
occurs in April in fairly high altitudes (Mte. Gennargentu) up to June. — subsp. ussuriensis Karel, differs
distinctly from european forms by the anterior transverse line which is situated further from base, it has a
narrower grey-black discal band which has no brownish yellow colour and there is a shadowy transverse band
reaching to the reniform stigma; marginal area is paler than typical specimens, orbicular stigma with black
spot, reniform stigma pale, hindwings and fringes unicoloured grey-brown. From Narva and Vladivostok in
June. — ab. grisescens Karel. : occasionally among the same quite pale grey specimens occur with very fine
transverse lines and reniform stigma without central dot and quite pale hindwings, which differ from the
similar mus by the light basal area and the paler reniform stigma.

C. suzukii Mats. (= sugitanii Mats, in tab.) (1 a) is very close to coryli. Frons, neck and palpi are black-
brown, fore wings dark grey with dark black-brown transverse lines, the anterior one almost straight only
somewhat bent below the costa, discal line undulate bending out considerably from inner border of reniform
stigma. The narrow posterior line is almost parallel to the discal line, all 3 expand at the costa; subterminal
area dusky, the undulate marginal outer border black-brown, edged with whitish posteriorly, similarly a fine
marginal line; the black-brown fringes are intersected by white at the extremities of the veins; the costal
margin is white to beyond the small indistinct orbicular and the whitish reniform stigmata. Hindwings dark
grey. Expanse 28 mm. Described from a $ from Honsho (Kyoto).

C. umbrosa Wilem. Forewings grey, the basal %rds dusted with brown, outer edge oblique; marginal
area dusted with black-brown; the anterior irregular transverse line blackish, the posterior one undulate being
bent round the end of cell; an undulate subterminal is indistinct, both stigmata circumscribed by black; hind¬
wings blackish brown. Wing expanse 34 mm. Smaller than mus which it resembles, the posterior transverse
line being of different formation. Japan.

8. Genus: Oxycesta Hbn.

0. serratae Zerny (= geographica var. Zap. y Korb, chamaesyces Ghapm.) (1 a). Ground colour darker
olive-brown than geographica and has more pointed transverse lines with deeper dentations and much darker
grey hindwings especially in the whilst in the they have whitish patches at the inner margin and in the
dentate postmedian. Considerably larger than chamaesyces, with wider wing contour and more varied pronounced
markings and more distinctly checked fringes. The genitals of the 2 species are also different. It occurs in May
and beginning of June in Aragon. The larvae feed together in June and July in open sunny spots on Euphorbia
serrata.

9. Genus: JEogcna Gn.

E. contaminei Ev. — ab. contaniinella Strd. from S. Russia has pale reddish hindwings, they are
somewhat darker in marginal area but without brown colouration.

11. Genus: Simyra 0.

S. moltrechti 0. B.-H. (1 b) apparently closely resembles bilttneri, the wing contour is somewhat shorter
and wider, ground colour of forewings pale yellow, more whitish at base, sparsely and finely sprinkled with
black. An outer transverse line is indicated by minute dots on the veins forming a wide arc around the end
of cell. Hindwings grey traversed from base to margin by brownish longitudinal streaks. Wing expanse <$ 26,
$ 24 mm. From Sutschansk (S. Ussuri), captured in August.

S. autumna Ghret. is classified behind dentinosa, which it resembles. Apex of forewings somewhat more
rounded than in other species. Red-grey, veins black or blackish with traces of 2 transverse lines, these extend
very obliquely to dorsal half of the wing and end at the inner margin in y3 rd and %i'ds with 2 spots; in the

ARSILONCHE; ACRONYCTA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

cell above the median nervure an interrupted red-brown streak; along the submedian a whitish longitudinal
streak from base to beyond the first third of the wing; from the apex a white streak extends obliquely to the
angle of the cell; there are white internerval streaks in the subterminal; fringes grey intersected with brown.

Hindwings brown, base whitish, dark nervures and white fringes. Thorax pale grey, abdomen white. Wing
expanse 33 mm. Gafsa (Tunis) in November. This species is unknown to me, according to the description it
might be a Guculliane something like Metlaouia oberthuri.

S. nervosa F. — ab. rubrobrunnea Bird, is a variety occurring probably everywhere in palaearctic rubro-
territory having the white forewings more or less suffused with red-brown; also the hindwings are red-brown hl 1,11,11 "■
along the median and reddish-brown beyond the cell. — ab. atrata Belling has quite black forewings from base airata.
to beyond the middle, from there to the apex paler ochreous, veins lighter outlined with grey towards the
margin contrasting with the dark ground. Hindwings deep grey. Bred from larvae from near Berlin. — subsp.
argentea Splr. from the Altai is somewhat larger on the average and a purer white especially on hindwings. — argentea.
expressa B.-Haas are specimens with a slightly more bluish grey-white colouration with a sharper and purer white expressa.
or whitish-yellow basal streak and a similar mark from the disco-celluar nervure to the margin. Hindwings
are black with pure white fringes. From Karagai-Tau and the Juldus region.

S. splendida Stgr. — ab. allbicilia Bird, has the hindwings suffused with brown but with a white margin splendida.
and similar fringes. Turkestan, Siberia, Corea, Thibet. This form is represented by the illustration inVol. Ill, a/l>irilia-
2 e; we are illustrating the name type therefore in this volume (1 d).

S. sincera Warr. is pure white on forewings, veins outlined in very pale grey on both sides, sprinkled sincera.
finely with black on the inner marginal half of the wing, more sparsely sprinkled in the upper half; a distinct
black spot at the lower end of cell. Hindwings and fringes pure white. Underside white, forewings faintly
tinged with grey. Body white, head and prothorax faintly tinted grey. Shaft of antennae white, pectinations
rusty brown. According to a single $ from Baigacum (Syr Daria), caught in June.

12. Genus: Arsilonclie Led.

A. albovenosa Goeze. — The name: degener Hbn. can no longer be considered synonymous and should degener.
be now utilised for the somewhat smaller autumn generation with very pronounced longitudinal streaks on
forewings. — ab. neomelaina Traub is a melanic form. Head and dorsum black-brown. Forewings coffee- neomelaina.
brown almost black, veins light grey, base of wings grey; hindwings grey-brown blackened towards the margin,
abdomen black-brown. This may probably be described as a melanic form due to an industrial environment
because a number of the form were bred from larvae which Were obtained in the neighbourhood of Neustadt a. d.

Hardt and the contaminated creeks in the surroundings. — ab. tristis B.-Haas is a darker form of ab. centri- iristis.
puncfa with the grey-brownish ground colour of S. nervosa but darker and more unicoloured; it differs from cenlri-
the ab. murina Auriv. from Sweden and Finland in that the veins are not powdered with white. From S. Russia puncla.
(Gov. Saratov). — subsp. tanaica Alph. is described as the more frequent form of centripuncta which is disting- ianaica.
uishable by a dark brown longitudinal streak on the fore wings which commences at the base and extends in the
direction of the black discoidal spot, not rarely this expands widely which gives the insect a most pronounced
character. It occurs in the entire district around the Sea of Azov. — subsp. cretacea Wagn. (1 b) is a recently creincea.
described form from Anatolia with chalky white ground colour with minute dark scales distributed over the
surface and with sharp black marginal spots. The longitudinal streaks contrast sharply from the dark ground
colour. HindAvings and underside are also a purer white without the yellowish tone of the name form. — albo¬
venosa is widely distributed in the East as far as Japan and Saghalin.

A. saepestriata Alph. is omitted by Warren. It resembles albovenosa and especially the v. murina saepesiriata.
of same but it differs by the monotonous grey-brown hindwings. In murina the white veins on fore wings stand
out from the brown ground but in the present species on the other hand straight bronze-broAVn inter¬
nerval stripes appear on a white ground. Described from a single $ of 34 mm wing expanse from Urga in
northern Mongolia.

14. Genus : Acronycta Tr.

This genus requires to be brought up to date. At present we do not consider the separation of the
Chamaepora Warr. as justified as it was based solely upon differences in the larvae and of the 60 known
Acronyctae so far all in all only 12 of the larvae are known, so that it would be impossible at present to assert
whether the remaining species belong to this or another genus.

On the other hand instead of Chamaepora we must introduce the old genus Craniophora Snell, which
can be well separated from Acronycta and differs by a complete row of abdominal tufts, Avliilst Acronycta only
has a basal tuft; the thorax in the latter is quite free of tufts whilst Craniophora has a separated tuft on the

ACRONYCTA. By Dr. M. Dratot.

leporina.

hemileuca.

phaedra.

phaedriola.

chingana.

jankowskii.

cubitata.

suigensis.

8

metathorax. Besides this, veins 6 and 7 always have short stalks on the hindwings in Acronycta which is not
the case in Craniophora. Great objection was taken to the alphabetical ordination in Vol. Ill which took no
account of the relationship of the species to one another. As an exception we therefore have to alter the order
and have chosen a new sequence. For this reason we are enumerating all the names again.

Type of the Genus: A„ leporina L.

Sect. I. Thorax covered only with scales: (Hvboma L.)

A. hemileuca Piing. (1 b). To the insufficient definition it should be added that this species, which is
closest to strigosa, is larger and with much darker and more regular reddish-grey coloured forewings ; in one
specimen the discal area is paler; ordination of markings agrees with strigosa, a pale spot at the inner angle.
Hindwings pure white only somewhat darker dusted at the apex with interrupted dark marginal line. Underside
similar to strigosa , hindwings whiter. Palpi more densely haired, body sleeker. The illustration in Vol. Ill is
not recognisable.

A. phaedra Hmps. (1 b) is also very close to strigosa but generally somewhat larger; forewings grey-
white sprinkled with black, black basal streak expanding to cuneiform mark before the antemedian line and
continuing beyond same; both upper stigmata yellowish- white with dark centres and circumscribed by black;
the posterior transverse line is only double on the costa, bordered with white inwardly, the anal dart-shaped
mark behind same very heavy and distinct, blackish dusting above and below same. Fringes black and white
checked. White hindwings are tinged with brownish-grey, darker at margin and with black marginal spots.
Described from the Ussuri district; Kasakewitsch and Sutshansk.

A. phaedriola n. sp. (1 c). From the same locality as the former, Sutshansk, occurring in June and
therefore with no 2nd generation. Mr. O. Bang-Haas has kindly sent me a species which is very close to
phaedra but only half the size of same and which is immediately distinguishable by its very dark grey-brown
hindwings with much more distinct and pronounced angular postmedian and very distinct cliscoidal lunule.
Fore wings narrower, apex more truncate, reminding one in this respect of the group of small A. niveosparsa and
omihsiensis. Forewings similarly more darkly and densely sprinkled, the entire marking is much more diffuse
and suffused whilst otherwise closely resembling that of phaedra. The space between the double transverse lines
and the markings in the stigmata are not white as in phaedra but of the same colour as the ground. The basal
streak is quite absent here whilst in phaedra it extends to the discal area even if diffusely and it more or less
unites with the anal dart-shaped mark. Described from 2 AS ex the collection of 0. B.-Haas.

A. strigosa Schiff.

A. chingana n. sp. (T c). A pretty species which is fairly close to strigosa but is very striking by the
heavily developed tuft on the abdomen on the basal segment. Forewings grey-white in discal area and a darker
dove grey especially in the basal half; in basal third of the submedian fold a lively ochreous and the same
colour fills the stigmata and occurs beyond the postmedian; markings otherwise very similar to those of strigosa
but the black longitudinal streak is absent in the discal area over the sub median nervure ; the post-median is
simple and of the same shape as in psi etc. Hindwings of the <$ white with finely interrupted marginal line,
very faint discal lunule and traces of a darker postmedian line ; in the $ which is darker grey and more heavily
marked, the hindwings are somewhat darker grey-brown, a narrow whitish border before the marginal line.
Described from a pair kindly supplied by Mr. 0. Bang-Haas. A type from Inn-Shan, $ from Lin si hien,
Chingan Mountains in eastern Mongolia.

A. jankowskii Obth. (1 c). The illustration in Vol. Ill leaves an incorrect impression of this small species,
for the outstanding white spot at the end of the basal streak is especially characteristic.

A. cubitata Warr. I have no specimen of this before me. Forewings pale grey mixed with darker and
shaded more darkly behind the outer line. A thick dark middle line forming an angle within the reniform
stigma so that same is obscured ; sub-basal line indicated by 2 streaks at costa, the double inner transverse line,
elbowed inwards on the 2 folds and touches the thick black basal streak ; the pale grey round orbicular stigma
has a dark centre and is circumscribed by black. The blackish reniform stigma is circumscribed by black. The
outer transverse line is almost vertical between the subcostal and uppermedian nervures, then bends inwards
at a right angle below the reniform stigma, it is white and heavily bordered outwardly with black; the indistinct
submarginal line is indicated by black cuneiform marks. Fringes black and grey. Hindwings impure white
with yellow-grey cell spot, outer line and marginal band. Wing expanse A 32, £ 34 mm. From Chabarowsk
(Ussuri); Pompejefka (in the smaller Chingan).

A. carbonaria Graes. (= brumosa Leech).

A. suigensis Mats. (1 c) is classified between the carbonaria and the following catocaloida , from which latter
it differs however by the absence of the black discoidal lunule on the yellow hindwing. Forewings very similarly

Pull. 13. T. 1931.

ACRONYCTA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

9

coloured and marked as in rumicis and carbonaria, brownish grey-black sprinkled with black; orbicular stigma
larger than in rumicis with darker centre and below beyond same a light spot. Hindwings ochreous with wide
black-brown marginal band with light marginal spot before the anal angle. Corea.

A. niveosparsa Mats. (1 d) is a very small species reminding one of certain Erastria species. Bore wings niveosparsa.
dark brown, sprinkled with white and black, all transverse lines fairly suffused or obscured, only indicated
by small spots; orbicular stigma white with grey-brown centre, outlined in black on both sides, indistinct
reniform stigma dark grey with black and white markings, space between the two stigmata darkened ; marginal
area white sprinkled with small black spots ; a white longish spot on costa anterior to orbicular stigma. Hindwings
grey, veins darker, head white. Honsho (Kyoto), also mentioned by Draeseke as from Szechuan.

A. omihsiensis Draes. (1 d) resembles niveosparsa in outline, but is V^t'd larger. Forewings whitish omihsiensis.
grey, subbasal line only distinct at costa : both transverse lines whitish bordered with black on both sides,
most distinct on folds; both transverse lines are conjoined in the submedian by a fine curved line; the large
round orbicular stigma is whitish bordered with grey on basal side and with grey centre, the indistinct reniform
stigma similarly; the whitish fringes are checked with black between the veins. Hindwings grey-brown with
faint broad median band and pale yellowish fringes. Omihsien (Province Szechuan).

A. subornata Leech. — - brunnea Hmps. forewings are browner and less grey. The illustration in Vol. III. brunnea.
pi. 3 f is a very bad copy according to Leech and quite unrecognisable. The species closely resembles rumicis
on forewings. Unfortunately we have not been able to obtain a suitable type for a better illustration.

A. pruinosa Gum.

A. consanguis Btlr.

A. Jozana Mats. (1 d) somewhat resembles consanguinis and also phaedriola, differing from same by jozana.
the more brownish ground colour. Forewings grey- white, marbled with black and brownish; 10 small black
spots on costa ; the small round orbicular stigma has a suffused dark centre and is circumscribed with black,
the large reniform stigma has dark grey centre and is circumscribed with brown-black; below the median nervure
a long basal streak, both transverse lines double with whitish between, anal dart-shaped mark narrow. The
illustration from Matsitmura shows both longitudinal streaks conjoined in discal area by black at submedian
nervure as in strigosa. Hindwings pale brown-grey, darker at margin with extinct postmedian and white
fringes. Hokkaido (Japan). June and August.

A. albistigma Hmps. (1 d) is a very large species from Japan with forewings sprinkled with grey-brown albistigmcc.
and brightly contrasting white orbicular stigma of somewhat oblique elliptical form; the grey reniform stigma
is outlined with black at sides and marked with white spots, the double postmedian is filled with white between
subcostal and upper median and lower median and submedian nervines, the undulate subterminal is white.

Hindwings light brownish yellow, veins and marginal area brown with indistinct curved postmedian.

A. rumicis L. — ab. marginata Lambill. corresponds to the virgata forms with dark marginal area. — marginata.
meridionalis Dannehl (1 d) from the S. Tyrol are more brightly marked summer forms with ochreous tone on meridio-
hindwings. — suhriana Gillm. closely resembles marginata, but basal area is also adumbrated, discal area on .
the other hand remaining light. — polonica Pruffer is not grey-black, but uniform dark brown with black polonica.
shading without the inner marginal white spot. Hindwings dark brown like the forewings with wider marginal
band. The following is probably synonymous: — priifferi Mast, with darker upperside of forewings without prufferi.
the inner marginal white spot. — subsp. oriens Strd. (1 d) from Japan and V/. China is much larger and darker oriens.
than the european name type, whilst the northern african form. — pallida Rothsck. (1 d) is pronouncedly pallida.
paler, but not as light as the central asiatic — turanica 8t.gr. (I e) of which we are illustrating a cotype of turanica.
Staudinger ex the collection of Pungeler. According to Oberthur the race from Tunis is said to be somewhat
darker again than mid-european specimens with less brownish being purer grey with spots and markings on
paler ground. As against what has just been said under oriens Obertiiur says that specimens from Ta-tsien-lu
are still paler and more whitish; according to this matters are not very clear; unfortunately I have no specimens
of this pale nature from W. China at my disposal.

A. lutea Brem. & Grey — ab. aurantior Strd. has deeper orange yellow hindwings. — leucoptera Btlr. is aurantior.
not a separate species according to Hampson, but only a form of lutea having more whitish hindwings with
only faintly yellowish tone. Both forms occur in east Asia.

A. catocaloida Graes.

Sect. II. Thorax covered with hairs and with hair-like scales. (Triaena Him.).

A. psi L. To facilitate distinction between the 3 species psi, tridens and cuspis that are so similar, I psi.
quote here, what Petersen so pertinently says in his Fauna of Esthland: “These 3 species are very easy to
differentiate according to their larvae, whilst sometimes this is difficult with the imago. According to Heine-

Supplementary Volume 3 2

10

ACRONYCTA. By Dr. M. Dratidt.

suffusa.

batnana.

iliensis.

tridens.

asignata.

variegata.

radoti.

incretata.

decyanea.

obscurior.

suffusa.

caliginosa.

belgica.

rosea.

leucocuspis.

brunnior.

jezoensis.

subpurpu¬

rea.

mann the ground colour is the only distinguishing characteristic. In tridens it is reddish grey, in psi bluish
grey and in cuspis grey- white. However it is very difficult to decide according to a single specimen and
especially tridens and psi are difficult to classify, cuspis has the most pronounced markings and always dark
hindwings, whilst in tridens 3 they are pure white and in psi 3 white with darkened veins towards the margin :
in psi $ they are faintly dusted with grey. Further as Treitschke has laid down, cuspis often has the orbicular
stigma circumscribed by a closed black ringlet, whilst in the other species it is almost always open towards
the base. The 3 species are easily distinguishable according to the formation of the valves”. Further in psi the
dart-shaped mark above the anal angle is nearly always intersected by a small streak which in its course
extends into the fringes, whilst in tridens these two merge forming more or less one streak ; the latter is almost
always of narrower wing formation. — suffusa Tutt is a very dark aberration; in the type the marginal area is
especially dark, analogous to the hivirga form and also the basal area is somewhat adumbrated. — subsp.
batnana n. (1 e) shows very distinct differences when compared with large series of european psi. The general
impression is darker, especially of hindwings; the outer transverse band is uniformly thick throughout its
course, whilst in psi it becomes faint between lower and upper median nervures; basal and anal dart-shaped
marks are double as thick as in name form, the anterior striga is distinctly double. Algeria; Batna (Types in
the collection of Draudt), Sidi bel Abbes, Messer, Ain Fazza. May to September. — subsp. iliensis n. (1 e)
specimens from central Asia are very large, both transverse lines are very distinctly double, especially the
posterior one is distinctly more dentate and strikingly brown instead of being black, further it is not so sharply
marked but more diffuse. Ili territory, Types in the Pungeler collection in the Berlin Museum.

A. tridens Schiff. see psi in regard to the differences. Spuler names a form without the anal dart¬
shaped mark: - asignata from a specimen from Carlsruhe. — variegata Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) from England
lias forewings more admixed with white, hindwings of 3 are white, veins tinged with brown towards margin. -
subsp. radoti Le Cerf from Morocco is a more uniform and darker grey without light patches, only the orbicular
stigma is lighter and more rounded, both transverse lines contiguous, of uniform width and with blunt scarcely
perceptible dentations; the wide and long clart-shaped marks intersect the lines, the postmedian one is not
shaded outwardly with brown. Hindwings scarcely darker than type. We illustrate a good specimen of virga
Tutt (If).

A. incretata Hmps. (= increta Btlr. nec Morris, intermedia Warr.) (1 f) is a large species being very
similar to the two previous and differing from same by the more unicoloured mauve-brown suffused forewing:
the orbicular stigma is open at toji and obliquely elliptical. A black curved streak extends from same to reniform
stigma; hindwings of 3 white, veins and margin brownish, of 2 dusted all over with brown and indistinct post-
median. Japan, Corea, W. China. Specimens from Saghalin are much smaller than those from central Japan.
The name given by Hampson must be upheld, as it was published in March 1909, whilst Warren’s name was
not given until May of the same year.

A. cuspis Hbn. — ab. decyanea Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) forewings dusted with faint brownish without
bluish tone. — obscurior Strd. (= ab. 2 Hmps.) has forewings almost completely dusted with black-brown.
Transitions are named: — suffusa Spul. with smoky grey forewings and caliginosa Schultz with smoky brownish
fore wings. Actually suffusa as well as decyanea are the same as caliginosa , which should have a preference in
nomenclature, as it is the oldest name; there is no scientific value in such fine differences. Such specimens are
occasionally met with throughout Germany and Austria. — Specimens from Belgium are generally somewhat
darker grey, more suffused, submedian with distinct yellowish green longitudinal streaks through and behind
the cell, prothorax very often not intersected with black longitudinally, although among suffusa forms specimens
do occur with black prothorax streak. The form, which is paler than the genuine suff usa is characteristic and
deserves a separate name from the mid-german specimens: belgica /. n. (1 f). — rosea Trti. named from a

specimen from Sardinia has fore wings with a sort of rose-red sheen, the black dart-shaped marks are boldly
marked, both stigmata conjoined by a thicker black streak.

A. leucocuspis Btlr. (T f) should be removed from the cuspis forms and separated as a genuine species,
differing by the small round white orbicular stigma. — brunnior Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) according to a 3 with
fore wings suffused with black-brown and hindwings dusted with brown.

A. jezoensis Mats, somewhat resembles cuspis but differs from same by the completely white hindwings.
Forewings light grey with black markings; basal streak below the median nervure wide with a small mark
branching off upwards and 2 downwards; both stigmata obscured, orbicular stigma with dark border outwardly,
reniform stigma with dark border towards base; postmedian lined with white inwardly, intersected by the
anal dart-shaped mark ; outer margin somewhat darker grey, small black spot marking between the extremities
of veins, fringes white and checked with white. Hindwings white with black spots along the margin. From
Hokkaido and S. Saghalin in July and August.

A. subpurpurea Mats, closely resembles incretata and differs by the deeper red-brown forewings and the
much wider and longer basal streak; both transverse lines are obscured and only clearly visible above the
median nervure; the pale grey submarginal edged outwardly with black is relatively close to the margin,
marginal area behind same somewhat darker. Hindwings pale grey with dark cell spot, postmedian and wider
marginal adumbration with light fringes. Described from 2 33 from Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

ACRONYCTA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

11

A, sapporesisis Mats, from the same locality also closely resembles cuspis, differs however from same
by the completely silvery white hindwings of A ; fore wings pale grey with heavier black markings; basal dart-
shaped mark forked at end and with white edge outwardly below median nervure; both stigmata white, reniform
large, brownish in centre with black outline inwardly, both conjoined by a black streak; the posterior transverse
line quite extinct only indicated by 2 black marks on costa; the white subterminal line widely bordered out¬
wardly by a black- brown band; the anal dart-shaped mark with white border on lower edge,- white fringes
with dark checks. Hindwings of $ more inclined to grey-white with narrower dark postmedian and some marg¬
inal dusting. Expanse of wings A 37 mm, $ 41 mm. Sapporo in June and September.

A. orietttalis Mann related to cuspis, somewhat smaller on an average; ground colour is more whitish
and more coarsely dusted with black; markings very similar to species named but the anal dart-shaped mark
much finer and thinner. Pontus, Bithynia and Lydia. — subsp. galvagnii Schaiv. (1 g) has ground colour of
deeper grey-black shade with boldly pronounced dentate lines of deep black colour. Herzegovina (Mostar).

A. hercules Fldr. (1 g). We are giving a better illustration, the hindwings in the figure on plate 2 k
were too dark.

A. taurica Stgr. (1 g) should be separated from cuspis. It is certainly a genuine species, reminding one
more of a small aceris; it has quite white hindwings with faint shading only in subapical area. Veins finely dark
in marginal area. Forewings without the black streak between orbicular and reniform stigmata, the anal dart¬
shaped mark is delicate and does not extend to margin. Occurs at Lebanon in Syria besides in Asia Minor
(Taurus, Hadjin, Zeitun).

A. aceris L. — - candelisequa is a more lead grey form, whilst infuscata Haw. is more suffused with olive-
brownish. Petersen mentions in his Fauna of Esthland a completely sooty black specimen, which seems to go
beyond infuscata. — * asignata Hirschlce from a single specimen from Enzersdorf near Vienna is quite without
markings on upperside, hindwings also without curved line. — In elineata Dujrane the black subanal streak
is missing, the customary markings are more delicate than in normal specimens, the wings finely sprinkled
with black. Described from Belgium. — subsp. judaea Stgr. (1 g) we illustrate a fine specimen from Palestine
ex the PiiNGELER Collection. — calceata Dannehl (1 g) differs little from same, it has perhaps slightly more
blackish dusting in inner marginal area and a slight yellow-grey tinge behind the postmedian; hindwings also
slightly whiter. From the central Apennines.

A. major Brem. — anaedina Btlr. is not purely synonymous, but designates darker forms, especially on
hindwings, from Hondo and W. China. — - anaedinella Strd. (= ab. 2 Hmps.) with extinct basal and postmedian
markings. From central and W. China. Probably this name is synonymous with defigurata Warr.

A. alni L. — ab. nigromaculata Gelin has a more or less widely blackened marginal area on hindwings
and represents a variety that apparently occurs relatively frequently in W. France. — ab. eothina Dannelil (1 e)
from Drautal and Klagenfurt is heavily suffused with rose. From series of these specimens it would appear
that 5% of the dark rosy specimens have very heavy black marking and orbicular stigma is always missing.
The rose colour however soon fades in the collection and turns to reddish yellow.

A. auricoma F . — The somewhat smaller and paler Spring form is separated as — vernalis Frings; it is
the commoner form that occurs from April to June, whilst the summer generation is only a partial brood in July
and August. pepll Hhn. (1 h) is a dark, small and single brooded form from the North and the Alps. The
larva of this latter form seems to have a constant variation from that of auricoma as the warts are white
instead of being red.

A. schwingenschiissi Zerny (1 h) is very close to auricoma and the arrangement of the markings is the
same. The ground colour however is a pure iron-grey with faint violet tinge; transverse lines and stigmata
distinct and deep black; the black longitudinal streak extends from the basal edge of reniform stigma to the
margin, the black central dot is absent from the longish orbicular stigma. Hindwings pure white with veins
darkened towards the margin. It is less coarsely scaled than the somewhat similar euphorbiae. It occurs in
June in Aragon and Andalusia.

A, pulverosa Hmps. (= pruinosa Leech nec Guen.) (1 h) is also like auricoma-, it is more besprinkled
with brown, the antemedian transverse line is less distinct, the white orbicular stigma is obliquely quadrate and
not round; the posterior transverse line is distinctly double, especially at costa. The marginal area is very dark
on the dusky hindwings and an indistinct postmedian is present. — fuscosuffusa Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) has
forewings more heavily suffused with black-brown. Japan, N. China. — - subsp. sachalinensis Mats, has a more
slender and smaller body; wings much paler, only a quadrate mark between the stigmata which is distinct and
darker; a further paler spot between postmedian and reniform stigma, so that the inner part of the postmedian
diffuses here; hindwings pale grey with dark discal spot and submarginal band. Wing expanse 28 mm. From
S. Saghalin in July . Possibly a genuine species.

sapporen-

ni$

or lent alts.

galvagnii.

hercules.

taurica.

infuscata.

asignata.

elineata.

judaea.

calceata.

anaeadina.

anaedinel¬

la.

nigro¬

maculata.

eothina.

auricoma.

vernalis.

pepli.

scliivingen-

schussi.

pulverosa.

fusco¬

suffusa.

sacha¬

linensis.

12

ACRONYCTA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

menyanthi-

dis.

cirduenna.

sariorii.

jaeschkei.

nigra.

metaxantha.

metaxan-

thodes.

metaxan-

thella.

rapliael.

centralis.

persica.

albidior.

pulla.

nigra.

schlum-

bergeri.

ivarpa-

choivskii.

tiena.

euphorbiae.

obscura.

parisiensis.

myricae.

euphrasiae.

A. merayanthidis View, is larger and has wider wings than auricoma and has no subterminal line, the
elbowed line is double always widely filled with white at inner margin. According to Petersen these are the
characteristics at least for the main type form; on the other hand it is very difficult to distinguish certain
specimens of the variety suffusa from pepli, as pepli (at least as far as concerns specimens from northern
localities) also has a very indistinct subterminal line; only the valves of the $ show considerable differences. —
scotica occurs as an aberration also in N. Germany and Switzerland. — arduerma Gillmer from the Ardennes is
more yellowish grey with heavily black brown discal area, the yellowish white inner border of the post median
is distinctly retained; fringes finely intersected by black. Hindwings yellowish grey; darker in Q. — ab.
sariorii Hockemeyer in contrast hereto has the entire marginal area and sometimes also the basal area darkened,
discal area remains light. — ab. jaeschkei Kujau is based on a specimen from around Hamburg with very light
blue-grey colouration of forewings with sharply outlined black markings and wide black marginal band on
hindwings. — ab. nigra Schafer is an extreme form of suffusa , a strongly melanic specimen with grey- black
hindwings, on forewings only a feeble indication of a slightly paler subterminal band. Also from near Hamburg.
Dufrane enumerates the food plants of the larvae as: Crataegus. Tussilago (!). Aconitum and broom.

A. metaxantha Hmps. ( 1 h) looks on forewings like an aceris that is heavily suffused with red-brown,
but the hindwings are reddish yellow, paler in disc and with brown interrupted marginal band. The anal dart¬
shaped mark is absent on forewings, the posterior transverse line is heavily dentate. — ab. metaxanthodes Strd.
(= ab. 1 Hmps.) has hindwings suffused with brown, marginal band less intersected, whilst in — metaxantheJla
Strd. ab. 2 Hmps.) it is brownish white. W. China as far as Ta-tsien-lu.

A. nigricans Leech.

A. digna Btlr.

A. rapliael Obth. ( = raphaelis Hmps.. fixseni Graes.). Here the postmedian line is quite without dentations,
double and filled with whitish.

A. centralis Ersch. (1 h) very close to megacephala, but a much paler species, only the postmedian area
is darker, whilst otherwise the surface is grey-white coarsely sprinkled with black-brown. The subbasal line
is quite absent, the postmedian line crosses on the submedian fold a dark dart-shaped mark that extends to
the margin; the subterminal line is only indicated by a contrast in shade between the postmedian and marginal
areas. Hindwings white with brownish veins at margin and brownish checked fringes. — persica Strd. (= ab.
1 Hmps.) from northern Persia has more distinct double transverse lines of which the posterior one is filled with
whitish, the anal sagittate mark is absent. Persia to Turkestan (Ferghana, Sarafshan).

A. megacephala Schiff. Specimens from Uralsk and Sarepta and Asia Minor (Konia) are extraordinarily
pale, quite like a pale aceris and probably correspond to — albidior Wagn. described from the Udine. — ab.
pulla Strd. described from Norway is suffused with black-brown on body and wings, only the area of the
orbicular stigma remains white. A melanic form that probably also occurs elsewhere and which may be deemed
a transition to nigra. — nigra Shaw. (= aethiopa Krul.) (1 i) is the extreme form of the above from Moscow and
Wiatka. It is a form completely suffused with black with traces of light markings and an occasionally more
prominent white postmedian line than is shown in the illustration, thorax black and abdomen dark. — ab.
schlumbergeri Schultz is established from a pathologically varying specimen from Silesia. Markings are diffuse
and subterminal line is closely approximated to margin, the area anterior to same being very wide and pale.
Hindwings whitish with a faintly dentate dark antemarginal line immediately before margin. warpachowskii
Krul. (1 h as albidior) has forewings more grey- white with delicate black, partially disrupted markings, the light
patch behind the reniform stigma almost quite white; the discal area sometimes lighter than the rest of wing
surface, only inner marginal area darker, the transverse lines more distinct on the pale ground. E. Russia;
probably the form is identical with albidior and could then claim priority.

A. tiena Piing. (1 i) is a large dark species, closely resembling dark specimens of megacephala, but
apparently still more closely related to euphorbiae. Larger than the latter, forewings wider, darker and more
brownish, underside suffused with black, only marginal area and costa pale brownish grey, markings of forewing
indistinct similar to euphorbiae. Alexander Mountains, Hi territory, W. China (Moupin).

A. euphorbiae Schiff. The type form, occurring northwards to the southern part of the Baltic Provinces,
is always more smoky grey, the northern and alpine form — montivaga is more blue-grey ; the latter is generally
somewhat larger . According to Hampson the much older name: obscura Strom, should be utilised for the

latter form. — ab. parisiensis Gulot is a specimen darkly suffused with smoky black in which only the transverse
lines retain a somewhat lighter shade and which is analogous with ab. melaleuca of leporina. — myricae Guen.
(1 i) is very close to obscura-montivaga and is a very dark blue-grey form with diffuse markings and especially
dark hindwings. It occurs in Scotland and Ireland and is also mentioned from the Tarbagatai. — euphrasiae
Brahm had best be classified to euphorbiae as the more southern subspecies. It differs by a constantly smaller

CRANIOPHORA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

13

size and always lias a somewhat more yellowish tone and is generally paler. — ab. debilis Demaison is an
especially pale euphrasiae with very obscure markings, only the outlines of the orbicular and reniform stigmata
are sharply marked in black. From Rheims. — ab. esulae Him. is a somewhat darker, more brownish form
belonging thereto, always having a similar yellowish tone, abscondita Tr. which is synonymous should be
eliminated. It was given to euphrasiae from S. Germany (Wiesbaden, Taunus), S. France, S. Italy and
Dalmatia. — xanthoniista n. /. (1 i) denominates a single specimen of unknown origin in the Dresden Museum
showing yellow-red scales on the transverse lines in the grey-blue ground colour, its orbicular stigma is only a
dot. — ottomana /. n. (1 i) are extraordinarily pale grey, finely marked specimens from Constantinople in the
Pungeler Collection. Very close to same are also very pale, more inclined to grey-blue specimens which form
a constant local form in the Abruzzi mountains: — apennina /. n. they are delicately and yet distinctly marked.
— korlana /. n. (1 i) is possibly a genuine species; it is small, slender, margin oblique, ground colour coarsely
sprinkled with black; from Korla, type in the Pungeler Collection.

A. abscondita Tr. (= euphorbiae H.-Schdff.) (1 k) is certainly a genuine species, smaller, somewhat
darker, markings rather more diffuse, the elbowed line scarcely dentate. The species closely resembles certain
myricae, but always has a wider and more truncate wing contour and more glossy scaling. The larva is constant
and varies from euphorbiae by the absence of the red oblique band on the 2nd segment. It feeds on heather.
N. Germany, Lapland, Russia. — ab. faseiata Hannemann based on a specimen from Berlin has a black discal
band on forewings. — subsp. glaucoptera Petersen (1 k) from Esthland appears to be a constant form there;
smaller, dark blue-grey with scarcely distinguishable stigmata, hindwings and abdomen blackish grey, strikingly
darker than in german specimens of abscondita.

A. leporina L. The expansion of the black markings varies in typical forms. In ab. bimacula Maass.

( 1 k) there are only 2 black spots, one above the other, in jilace of the reniform stigma, in ab. alba Gillm. wings
are uniform white without markings. - bradyporina Tr. according to the researches of Gillmer is the english
form that is dusted with black, with darker marginal area, and should be classified with semivirga. — leporella
on the other hand is not sprinkled with black, but uniformly dusted with grey. — ab. melanocephala Mansbr.
(1 k) is a bradyporina with heavier black markings and entirely black head and thorax; from Warrington in
England. — subsp. leucogaea Stick, is similar to semivirga, but only the outer part of margin is grey; in this
form the basal area is also grey, the discal area whiter, both transverse lines, especially the posterior one very
sharply marked and continuous, dart-shaped marks retrogressive. Based on a bred specimen from Schwerin. -
subsp. (et ab.) grisea Cochrane from England, as an aberration also from N. Germany and Denmark, is a
bradyporina without dark marginal area, with bold markings, which can even closely resemble a pale psi, differs
from same however by the absence of the orbicular stigma and the very delicate basal streak. — ab. melaleuca
Culot (1 k) is an extremely melanic form, uniform dark grey-black, only the outlines of the two transverse lines
remain light. From a specimen from Osnabriick. — The species is found as far south as Bilbao in Spain and
N. Italy, eastwards in the form leporella as far as Saghalin.

A. senica Ev. ( ? — literata Brem.). I have not obtained any fresh information in regard to these species
including the ab. x-signata Stgr. that possibly belongs thereto. In appearance they remind one more of a
Graptolitha ( Lithophane ) in the relationship of lavula and do not show any resemblance to any other A crony eta ;
senica has in fact already been classified by its author to Xylina.

A. omorii Mats, is compared by its author to literata Brem. I cannot see any resemblance from the
illustration and would therefore more readily classify same near to strigosa. Forewings grey-blue with somewhat
blackish markings: the short basal longitudinal streak is conjoined with the double antemedian, which bends in
a sharp angle below the median nervure; the oval grey- white orbicular stigma has a black border on each side,
the large grey reniform stigma is somewhat darkened in the centre ; the postmedian is only visible between the
costa and median nervure; subterminal line somewhat curved outwards, dentate on lower and upper median
nervures, a fine anal streak on the submedian fold extending to margin; anterior to margin traces of a light
undulate line; fringes white with fine dark intermediary line. Hindwings glossy white with fine black-brown
marginal line. Wing expanse 34 — 37 mm. Hokkaido and Honsho in the middle of June.

15. Genus : €raniophora Snell.

In regard to the differences with Acronycta compare what was said on p. 7 in regard to this Genus.

Type of the Genus: G. ligustri Schijf.

C. faseiata Moore (= nigrostriata Pag.) and — ab. divisa, Moore.

C. pontica Stgr. (11) of which we are again illustrating a specimen from N. Persia ex the Pungeler
Collection. It also occurs commonly in Mauretania and the specimens are very large and dark — especially
frequent in Tunis — suffused with rose, as often occurs in Acronycta species in the South. It has been observed
from May to October and astonishing to relate has been advised as occurring also at Herkulesbad in Hungary.

debilis.

esulae.

xantho-

misla.

ottomana.

apennina.

korlana.

abscondita.

faseiata.

glaucop¬

tera.

leporina.

bimacula.

alba.

brady¬

porina.

melano¬

cephala.

leucogaea.

grisea.

melaleuca.

senica.

x-signata.

omorii.

pontica.

14

THALATA; BRYOPHILA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

pavifica. C. pacifica Filipiev (11) is unusually close to pontica, differs however in the genitals. According to its

author it can be distinguished from pontica in that the light area between the inner line and the central shade,
which encloses the orbicular stigma, runs less obliquely to the inner margin, the reniform stigma is greyer and
not so distinct as in pontica, apex of wings remains lighter; there is a distinct white streak in the subanal area,
which is absent in ponitica or only faintly indicated. Hindwings are more heavily darkened at the margin and
are quite brown in the $. The last segment of the palpi is somewhat longer and the legs are darker. Sutshan
Icalgana. district, Sidemi; we are able to illustrate a pair from Amur ex the Pgngeler Collection. — kalgana /. n. (1 1)
Mr. 0. Bang-Haas has kindly placed at my disposal a specimen from Kalgan (in the Province of Chihli) with
a more chocolate brown colour and which besides has a more glossy scaling and clearer finer markings with a
less dentate postmeclian line.

albonigra. C. albonigra Herz. held by many authors to be synonymous with pacifica, is said to be considerably

smaller than same, the inner line lying closer to base, the orbicular stigma scarcely perceptible, hindwings
uniformly brown. Amur; W. China.

G. praeclara Graes.

obscura. G. ligustri Schiff. — ab. obscura Mellaerts from Belgium closely resembles sundevalli, has quite black

troni. wings with greenish markings, hindwings similarly blackish. — ab. froni Huene has paler whitish ground colour
in place of olive green with rose coloured and faintly greenish sheen; seems to occur fairly frequently in Esthland.
The larvae feed there on young oak trees. A form that predominates in the S. Tyrol, which seems to me to be
effusior. close to troni is named effusior Dannehl (1 1) a type of which we can illustrate thanks to the author in the same
way as the following two: it appears much brighter owing to an increase in the white which is admixed with
roseo- rose and green hues transforming the black markings into light grey and grey olive. — ab. roseoradiata Dannelil
radiata. ^ j) is a form in which the rose coloured interspersions form 3 rosy brown or violet longitudinal rays from base
viburni. to margin; this is a rare form from the S. Tyrol. — viburili Dannehl (11) is the opposite extreme, uniformly
mouse-grey with a very narrow darker transverse band ; the large whitish spot in the outer area scarcely lighter
than ground colour. Fairly common among the summer form in S. Tyrol and apparently very similar to sundevalli.

G. obscura Leech.

16. Genus: Tlialats® Wkr.

This genus, which includes one african and several indo-australian forms, is closely related to Acronycta
but differs chiefly by the presence of a small horny projection on the clypeus with raised edge. Only one species
touches palaearctic territory:

sine ns. Th. sifiens Wkr. The small grey-white species was classified in Vol. Ill under Acronycta, but actually

belongs here. It reaches palaearctic territory in W. China and is described more fully in Vol. XI, p. 36 and
well illustrated there on pi. 5 d.

2. Sub-family: Bryophilinae (for Metachrostinae).

We are utilising the old name: Bryophila instead of Metachrostis, because Treitschke described it 2
years previously to when Hubner established his Metachrostis and Warren has meanwhile altered his classi¬
fication in the indo-australian part accordingly.

19. Genus: ilryoplilla Tr.

pineti. B. pineti Stgr. (2 a) cannot be recognised by the illustration in Vol. III. This species reminds one most

readily of the Geometridae Pachycn. hippocastanaria in colour and markings but it has wider wings. This very
rare species was hitherto only known from a few specimens from Andalusia, Castile and according to Korb from
boursini. a single specimen from Aragon (Teruel) but has lately been found in a special form : — boursini Gleu also in the
Htes Alpes. In these the forewings are grey, dusted with black without stigmata and the yellowish spot at
close of cell; transverse lines are only indicated by spots on costa; a median suffused shadow stripe is very
distinct, the elbowed line is more distinct, whitish, bordered with black outwardly, subterminal line radially
dentate on veins. Hindwings dusky grey. Captured in July.

B. albonotata Stgr. belongs to the Genus Ghytonix (compare there).

petraea. B. petraea Gum. (2 a) has meanwhile been frequently captured in Spain and Mauretania (Batna, Guelt

es Stel, El Kantara, Maafa, Lambessa) in September. It is a very variable species: pale grey, almost without

BRYOPHILA. By Dr. M. Drattdt. 1 5

markings, a bright grey with heavy black markings, some such a dark grey that the markings can scarcely be
discerned; sometimes, as in the specimen illustrated, a black-brown broad discal band is created: — transversa
/; nov. (2 a). — coiltristans Led. (2 a) is the eastern form which also is very variable; it occurs as well in forms
with darkened red brown discal area — mediobrunnescens Strd. corresponding to provincialis C'ulot. Also with
bold black longitudinal streak submedian from base to elbowed line and indistinctly beyond same like in
striata of raptricula: — ramosana /. nov. (2 a). The species is always easily recognisable by the coppery reddish
hue of hindwings. contristans is found in Kurdistan and Syria, besides in Greece and Asia Minor. — hoerhammeri
Schaw. (2 a) recently described from Corsica makes a different impression. Somewhat larger, the grey-brown
of forewings darker, less scaled with brown so that the white submarginal lines are suffused by white, only the
small black dart-shaped marks and the white anal spot remaining; the two middle transverse bands bold, the
area between being subdivided by a broad black transverse band; the basal dart-shaped mark is absent, the
brownish scaled stigmata circumscribed by black. Hindwings darker outwardly, margin blackish almost to the
middle. Corsica (Evisa).

B. divisa Esp. (= pomula Blch., raptricula Hbn.) like most of the Bryophila is subject to the most
astonishing variations. The name divisa denominates the more northern forms which are always darker, more
black-brown. — oxybiensis Mill. (2 b) is the somewhat smaller and greyer southern form which occurs in the
Provence, Spain, Sicily, Turkey as far as Turkestan. Specimens from Palestine and further east through Persia
to Aksu and the Thian Shan are considerably more grey: — palaestinka Strd. (2 b) from Jerusalem is grey-
white on forewings, finely striped with black on the veins. — deceptricula Hbn. denotes darker specimens with
rich fuscous or fulvous admixture. Small specimens of this from S. France, Spain and Algiers are : — provincialis
Culot ; here the basal area and inner margin of forewing are violet grey, the discal area of costa black-brown,
the outer half of cell and beyond red-brown as far as the margin. Mauretania, June August. — persica Strd.
(2 b) denotes quite similar specimens, which are larger and paler grey-white originating from Persia, the Urals,
but also occurring in Hungary and Croatia as far as Irkutsk. It should be stated that Spanish oxybiensis very
often have this yellow-red longitudinal streak from base to margin. Rothschild denominates unicoloured grey
specimens as ab. unicolor (= grisea Dannehl ) (2 b). Specimens of oxybiensis approaching the type in regard to
colouration are named nifitincta Rothsch. — ab. disfincta Rothsch. has a black basal %rd below the median
fold. An extreme form of this is basimaculata Trti. (= illustris Dannehl) (2 c); this is a striata form on which
the entire inner marginal area belowr the black longitudinal line is darkened with a dark oblique streak up to
the apex. Very dark specimens are named ab. saturiator Rothsch. bryophiloides Rothsch. denotes small specimens
with narrow wings which are grey-brown with almost extinct markings. — Of striata (2 b) we are able to illustrate
a fine specimen ex the Pungeler Collection. — tibetica Strd. (— ab. 8 Hmps.) (2 b) from Lob-Nor are similar
to striata but the two transverse lines of fore wings stand out strikingly prominently black. Titratt has created
a number of new names for specimens from Cyrenaica: — marmorata Trti. a dark form with whitish admixture
at base of inner margin behind the antemedian and subterminal lines at costa and inner margin. — sarrothry-
poides Trti. (2 c) are ash-grey specimens with numerous black spots. alboscapulata Trti. is a basimaculata
with dark costal area and a large whitish basal mark on costa. — dilutata Trti. is grey-white with large trapeziform
red-brown costal mark admixed with whitish outwardly. — trisigiiata Trti. is similar but also with a red-brown
basal innermarginal spot and dark marginal area. - degenerata Trti. as the former but without the dark margin
and the spots more black-brown. — acceptricula Trti. is ash-grey with large red-brown costal spot that is
trapeziform and with bold black anal streak. — - variegatula Trti. is similar to degenerata but the black-brown
colour is more extensive, so that the white fades away. All these forms are from Bengasi, but also occur occasion¬
ally elsewhere.

B. dolopis Hmps. (2 c) closely resembles a large raptricula and it may be that it should only be classified
as a subspecies. Basal and anal j/pd of the postmedian area are light grey, the latter with a fine white crescent
above the inner margin and behind the outer transverse line. Hindwings reddish brown. Certainly as variable
as divisa. — paliidior /. n. (2 c) denominates specimens without the dark trapeziform mark on costa. — striata
/. n. (2 c) the corresponding form with the black submedian longitudinal streak. This larger species has hitherto
apparently only been found at Askabad and Kushk.

B. raptriculoides Trti. (2 c). This species, that is described from Sardinia, closely resembles the
divisa-raptricula ; it is larger and bigger, the wing contour being wider. Ground colour dark ash-grey with faint
greenish tone; the large dark brown spot which encloses the orbicular stigma, is not diffuse but sharply outlined,
glossy; the markings are delicate but sharp and distinct, a fine white crescent behind the postmedian line in anal
area. Hindwings grey-brown not whitish, head and scapulae pale grey. — mediostrigata Trti. represents the
form striata of divisa with a black longitudinal submedian streak, which intersects the white anal crescent. -
marmorata Trti. (2 c) is much darker black-brown with large white basal spot, the white anal mark considerably
more extensive and a white patch also at apex. From Corsica and Sardinia, also from Sicily from the Ficuzza.

transversa.

contristans.

mediobrun¬

nescens.

ramosana.

hoer-

hammeri.

divisa.

oxybiensis.

palae-

stinica.

deceptri¬

cula.

provin¬

cialis.

persica.

unicolor.

nifitincta.

distincta.

basi¬

maculata.

saturatior.

bryo¬

philoides.

striata.

tibetica.

marmorata.

sarro-

thrypoides.

albo¬

scapulata.

dilutata.

trisigiiata.

degenerata.

accep¬

tricula.

variegatula.

dolopis.

paliidior.

striata.

raptriculoi¬

des.

medio¬

strigata.

marmorata.

pallia! a.

simulatri-

cula.

zobeli.

pallida.

albo-

maoulata.

grisescens.

anaemica.

pannosa.

miltophaea.

plumbina.

piingeleri.

vilis.

16 BRYOPHILA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

B. palliola Bkh. (= fraudatricula Hbn.). The name given by Borkhausen has a precedence of 10 years
and can therefore claim priority as has quite correctly been pointed out by Hampson. It occurs throughout
Asia to the Amur and Ussuri (according to the Pungeler Collection) and is also found on Japan and Saghalin.

B. simulatricula Guen. (2 d) is certainly a genuine species, as Pungeler among others was able to
prove by breeding from the ova and it is not the same as palliola. It is somewhat smaller, narrower with more
acute wings, more whitish and coarsely sprinkled with ashy grey, the markings thereby become more nebulous
and less distinct. Especially specimens from Algiers often have a black longitudinal streak at inner margin
of forewings, the region round the reniform stigma is sometimes whitish, ground colour variable, ashy grey to
reddish yellow-brown. Hindwings quite pale whitish, dusted with grey with fine discoidal lunule and grey-
brown postmedian, subterminal and marginal lines. From the Valais (Martigny), Spain, Italy and Mauretania
from August to November. The larvae feed on Juniperus phoenicea. — f . zobeli Heinrich is larger than specimens
from the Valais, not grey but whitish with blackish markings; ground colour of fore wings much darker, more
blackish than normal light grey specimens. Hindwings are paler and have 2 narrow marginal bands. Described
from Digne.

B. pallida Beth. Baker (2 f) described as a local form of palliola but with Rothschild, I consider same
to be a genuine species. Smaller than the species named, it is of much paler colouration with decidedly shorter
and wider wings. Fore wings pale greenish grey, the black transverse lines and the spot in the middle of discal
area as there, the black anal streak is absent; both stigmata are finely circumscribed by blackish, more distinct
than in palliola, reniform stigma filled with pale grey. Hindwings very pale grey with distinct black postmeclian
line and dark grey discal spot. Described from Egypt (Alexandria), also from Algiers, Tunis and Morocco.

B„ albomaculata Rothsch. ( = albimacula Oberth.) (2d) is not allied to simulatricula. Head whitish,
thorax grey and olive green, abdomen olive brown, grey at extremity. In typical specimens forewings are light
grey, more or less dusted with yellowish or glossy olive bronze with a black, twice interrupted longitudinal streak
over submedian nervure from base to margin; basal % rd admixed with white, the very large reniform stigma
white, behind same a curved darker line which is bordered with white over the inner margin; marginal area
heavily mixed with white with a dark spot in middle of margin. Hindwings grey-white, $ darker, greyer, the
posterior transverse line wider with larger white spot below median nervure. Hindwings grey-brown. Algiers
in August, September. A form found more often in W. Algeria: — grisescens Rothsch. is darker grey without
the bronze yellow dusting, the reniform stigma is not always white.

B. anaemica Hmps. is held by Rothschild to be an extreme form of albomaculata. Forewings white
with brown hue, partly yellowish and sprinkled with black; a black basal streak to elbowed line, which like the
inner line is very indistinct blackish; both upper stigmata are small brownish spots in faint whitish ringlets;
behind the oblique subterminal line there are short black streaks above and below discoidal and median
nervures. Hindwings faintly brownish with white fringes. Expanse of wings 26 mm. Batna.

B. pannosa Wilem. Of this I have no specimen before me. Fore wings impure grey-brown, behind the
middle with whitish costal spot, apex intersected by a whitish streak, whitish scales along costa ; 3 irregular darker
transverse lines, each commencing with a small black costal spot, submarginal suffused. Hindwings darker
grey-brown. Wing expanse 19 mm. Japan (Hondo).

B, miltophaea limps. (2 d) is a highly variable species. Forewings with yellowish ground densely scaled
with rosy-red, somewhat like Antitype argillaceago, interspersed with dark lead-grey scales or quite unicolourous
dark lead-grey: — plumbina f. nov. (2 d) only with a few brick-red scales along the transverse lines, the dentate
transverse lines indistinctly double; both upper stigmata with dark centres with feeble lighter ringlet and
narrowly circumscribed by black, orbicular stigma elliptical, reniform stigma constricted, also a dark claviform
stigma indicated; subterminal line faintly paler. Hindwings light yellowish brown, margin darker with white-
yellow fringes. V/. Turkestan, Alexander Mountains.

B. piingelen n. sp. (2 d) resembles the former species somewhat in form and size and is classified in the
Pungeler Collection in the Berlin Museum under miltophaea, but I consider same a separate species. Fore wings
are somewhat narrower and more elongated on the average, pale yellowish grey, coarsely sprinkled with blue-
grey in the basal, discal and marginal areas, the 3 stigmata with darker grey centres and heavily circumscribed
by black, the very large claviform stigma with darker centre and conjoined to the orbicular stigma; both
transverse lines much less distinct than in miltophaea in comparison to the irregularly blue-grey ground colour.
Hindwings much lighter whitish yellow-grey, slightly darker at margin with white fringes. Type from Aksu in
the Draltdt Collection, further specimens in the Museums of Berlin and Munich being collected by Ruckbeil,
also from Mustagata, Yarkend and E. Turkestan from Chamil Kami.

B. vilis Hmps. (2 d) is a larger species, forewings with whitish ochreous ground colour densely sprinkled
with black, discal area almost completely black, the indistinct transverse lines whitish and feebly dentate;
orbicular stigma round finely lightly circumscribed, reniform stigma scarcely discernible; the light subterminal
line very indistinct. Hindwings whitish, with faint brownish tinge, darker at margin with white fringes. The
$ is more uniformly dusted and sprinkled with black. Merv (W. Turkestan).

Pull. 4. VII. 1931.

BRYOPHILA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

17

B. thamanaea limps. (2 d) belongs similarly with the preceding to the millophaea group. Forewings thamanaea.
ochreous whitish, peppered with black especially in basal and discal areas, the brown inner transverse line
edged basally with ochreous white, the elbowed line double; both upper stigmata large with black centres and
pale edge finely outlined by black. Orbicular stigma round, reniform stigma 8-shaped, instead of a subter¬
minal line small blackish spots on the inner side. The whitish hindwings with brownish tinge and traces of a
postmedian line and a discal spot. Persia, Shakuh.

B. hampsoni sp. n. (2 e) is as large as miltophaea with still wider wings, quite milky white adumbrated hampsoni.
to a grey-black in basal area and widely in disc, sparsely peppered with black scales in front and behind the
shade. Transverse lines only indicated by colour contrast, the posterior line extends in a wide arch around
the reniform stigma which has a somewhat dark grey-black centre and is edged with white. Subterminal
line faintly dentate, indicated by somewhat denser blackish scaling, a larger spot at costa. Marginal area
scarcely more densely peppered, small spots at margin. Hindwings thinly scaled somewhat darker in shade
than ground colour of forewings with darker discal lunule and marginal nervures. North Alai (Ispayran), £ type
in the Pungeler Collection ; Hampson had the type before him and assumed it belonged to a new Genus, but
I prefer to classify same here.

B. plumbeola St.gr. (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 c). — ab. syriensis Sir cl. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) has the postmedian syriensis.
area of forewings with the exception of costal and marginal areas rather more yellowish. Syria.

B. albiceps sp. n. (2 c) is a somewhat more slim, narrow winged species. Head and upperside of palpi albiceps.
white. Forewings whitish densely dusted with grey-black with the sole exception of the transverse lines which
remain white. Stigmata in median area therefore barely prominent; inner transverse line wide, elbowed line of
usual shape in a wide arch around the reniform stigma, concave outwards on the submedian, projecting in a
dentation along nervure 1 ; subterminal also whitish, fringes intersected by a dark line. Hindwings pure white.

Type in the Collection of 0. B.-Haas. According to a $ from Garni, Peter the Great Mountains, captured in June.

B. protecta sp. n. ( Bung . i. 1.) (2 e). Under this name there is a specimen in the Pungeler Collection 'protecta .
that is somewhat like albiceps, grey-black peppered with white and with white transverse lines which are rather
differently shaped and more sharply outlined by black. It also has brownish grey hindwings. Lagodechi.

B. eucta Hmps. (2 e). Head and thorax whitish with darker admixture. Forewings ochreous-whitish eucta.
peppered with brown-black with indistinct blackish transverse lines, the inner one vertical, slightly undulate, the
posterior finely dentate of usual form, the discal area between same blackish, the stigmata therein with indist¬
inct pale edges; orbicular stigma round, reniform stigma elliptical; the indistinct pale subterminal line with
black- brown inward edge. Hindwings white with brownish margin and white fringes. Persia (Urmiah); W.

Turkestan (Askhabad).

B. glaucula Stgr. (= fraudatricula Leech nec Hbn.) (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 c) (2 e). We are giving here glaucula.
a good illustration of this rare species in the Berlin Museum from the Pungeler Collection.

B. labecula Led. (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 c) (2 a). We are giving a further illustration from a perfect specimen, labecula.

B. granitalis Btlr. (2 e) is omitted. It resembles a large algae in the markings, basal area pale grey; granitalis.
the outer margin more oblique than in algae, more resembling raptricula ; middle area black admixed with
chestnut brown, narrow at costa and inner margin, very wide in cell by the large arch around the reniform stig¬
ma; this as well as costa and inner margin pale grey subterminally and as far as margin; centre of margin
reddish brown; above the submedian fold a heavy black angulated streak between the postmedian and anal
angle. Hindwings grey-brown. The species is closely related also to glaucula, but is specifically different; the
latter is darker and has no pale grey basal area. E. Siberia, Ussuri; Japan and Central China.

A. strigula Bkh. ( = receptricula Him.) (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 d). — ab. fasciata Spul. has no black on fasciata.
forewings except for the inner edge of the subterminal line. — hartmanni Spul. is darker grey admixed with hartmanni.
white in centre of wing, indistinctly marked. From Silesia. — ab. guglielminae Bagusa has a large white gugliel-
basal spot on forewings. Other authors hold same to be more probably an algae form. I cannot express an
opinion owing to insufficient material. Sicily. — ab. virescens Dannehl shows a liberal moss-green suffusion, virescens.
Mid-Italy.

B, ravula Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 d) occurs as far as Algeria, Tunis and Morocco.

gnsescens

ravula.

grisescens.

Oberth. is a unicoloured pale ashy grey form frequent in N. Africa. According to 6 specimens in my collection
from Haifa — rectilinea Warr. should also be classified here as an extreme pale grey form of ravula — ex- rectilinea.
ceeding grisescens ; very variable, discal area occasionally faintly adumbrated, in one specimen the inner trans¬
verse line expanded forming a blackish antemedian band. In Portugal only a unicoloured dark, almost black
form occurs: — ab. unicolor Spul. — ab. ravulana Strd. (= ab. 3 Hmps.) resembles vanclalusiae but has a
rusty red antemedian area on forewings. Syria. — subsp. tatsienluica Obth. is a large race, the black inner
transverse line on forewings more rounded, with 2 black longitudinal submedian streaks, a short one before
the inner transverse line and a longer one from the postmedian to margin; stigmata as in ravula, similarly
hindwings; ground colour of forewings dark grey, rufous admixed with whitish and black. Thibet.

Supplementary Volume 3 3

unicolor.

ravulana.

tatsien¬

luica.

18

BRYOPHILA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

peiricolor. B. petricolor Led. (Vol. 3, p. 20) is according to Rebel only a large clearly marked form of ravula-

vandalusiae.

alrimixta. B. afrimixfa Limps. Forewings black, admixed with white and rufous; the black subbasal line does

not extend as far as inner margin, the black arched inner transverse line is indistinct; both stigmata with
fine black edges, orbicular stigma oblique with black central line; posterior transverse line black with white
edge outwardly below the submedian fold; subterminal indicated by small black spots which are edged with
white towards the inner margin; a white line along base of fringes. The white hind wings dusted with brown,
darker towards margin with dark median shade and arched postmedian. Wing expanse 26 mm. Trong-sze,
(W. China) from an altitude of 9600 feet.

cjalathea. B. galathea Mill. (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 d) occurs rarely also in Algeria (Ain Sefra) in May. — subsp.

amoenis- amoenissima Trti. (2 f) is, as I am firmly. convinced, a form of galathea with paler wing colouration; ante-
sima. median and marginal areas almost white with bluish green admixture, discal area black-brown sometimes
aequalis. as pale as ground colour : — aequalis /. n. (2 f) ; a very easily recognisable form from Mid-Italy, Abruzzi, Majella
Pescocostanzo. Type of the form aequalis in the collection of Draudt.

tabora. B. tafoora St.gr. (Vol. 3, p. 20) (2 g). This apparently very rare species appears to be extending its

distribution, we illustrate a specimen corresponding to type from Transcaspia ex the collection of Pungeler.

bilineata. B. bilineata Rothsch. ( = rosinans Obth.) (2 f). A very variable species, deemed by OberthItr to be

a form of ravula, but very different from same. Ground colour with reddish yellow tone, peppered with grey-
brown, otherwise marked as ravula ; a row of black marginal dots in front of the long brown fringes, that
are frequently checked with fulvous. Hindwings whitish in shaded with brown at margin, pale brown in
Abdomen basally with velvety black tufts, which are very easily rubbed off. Underside silky glossy reddish
murina. white. — murina Obth. designates quite brown specimens. Geryville, Aflou, Guelt es Stel, Lambessa in August
and September.

rut Hans. B. rutilaiis Trti. (2 f) is close to bilineata and according to the illustration is also not dissimilar from

a reddish microglossa. Ground colour more or less lively fulvous, very variable in markings, finely marbled
blackish, blackish spots before and behind the stigmata, transverse lines occasionally edged with white: —
albosignata. allbosignata Trti. from the Gyrenaica (Bengasi) in October. I have no specimen of the species before me. In my
opinion it would not be excluded that there is a subspecific relationship with microglossa.

algae. B. algae F. ( = chloris BJch.) (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 e). Occurs in August and September in Algeria and

is very variable; some specimens with whitish patch in the area of reniform stigma. Powell discovered
strigula. the larvae under the bark of Olive trees. Also occurs in Egypt. — f. strigula Guen. designates the more mono¬
tonously coloured specimens without green and therefore without contrasting discal area. Possibly the same
antemedio- as spoliatricula Hbu., bid as the latter is not illustrated, it is impossible to form a correct opinion. — ab. ante-
alba. niedioalba Strd. (= ab. 4 Hmps.) has a whitish basal area on fore wings and occurs everywhere with the name
lusitanica. type form. — lusitanica /. n. (2 f) is a beautiful form with white ground colour, pale green, dusted over as in
muralis and with only delicate black markings; 2 archs as a subbasal, the 2 transverse lines adjoining the
discal area and a black, heavy submedian streak; both stigmata indicated by faint grey nebulae and a very
faint subterminal. Hindwings white with grey discal lunule and 2 shadow bands before the margin. Portu¬
gal. Type in the collection of B.-Haas. Held by Pungeler to be an algae form, but same seems very strange
when placed next to it.

aerumna. B. aerumna Culot (2 f) resembles a small grey algae, forewings quite pale olive-grey, basal and dis¬

cal area adumbrated grey-black, the latter only at inner margin and along the edges of the two transverse
bands adjoining same; stigmata with fine white edges, slightly darker; submarginal area paler, almost white,
fringes red-brown. Hindwings paler grey than forewings, almost whitish with grey discal spot and arcuate
often indistinct submarginal. An only slightly variable species from Mauretania, occurring profusely in Aflou
and Geryville in June and July, also in Tunis, but there only in September.

simonyi. B. simony! Rghj. (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 e) (2 g). We again illustrate this small only slightly variable

species, as the figure in Vol. 3 does not correctly illustrate the species. Besides occuring on Madeira and Tene-
riffe it also occurs on the other small volcanic Islands. The larvae are found in April under stones, they are
earthy grey with a few long black bristles and prepare a firm reddish cocoon in which they remain unchanged
still in June.

B. roederi Stfs. (Vol. 3, p. 21, pi. 4 e) must be removed from here, it belongs to the Genus Bryophilopsis
of the Sarrothripinae.

aurolichena. B. muralis Forst. (Vol. 3, p. 21, pi. 4f). — auroHchena Culot (2 g) shows the green colouration of fore¬

wings changed to a golden ochreous, the usual markings are distinct with small white spots between same.
argillacea. Hindwings blackish on upperside. From England. — argillacea Culot has unicoloured luteous red-brown ground
brunnea. colour without the whitish patches. Described from Geneva. — brunnea Porritt from England is probably
scoriatula. very close to the latter form. — scoriatula Trti. from Sicily has the entire ground peppered with black scales,
so that the olive tone of the ground colour is almost completely covered; the black transverse stripes are

BRYOPHXLA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

19

wide, stigmata like glowing coals therein. — dispar Vrty. has green scales on forewings without yellowish or dispar.
brownish tone. The other black markings sparse or indicated by deeper green. Hindwings paler than in
other races. Apennines in August. — amasina subsp. n. (2 g) denotes specimens from Amasia. They arc small amasina.
and pale, of the same colour as perla with grey-brown basal, discal and marginal areas.

B„ burgeffi sp. n. (2 g) is a small and pretty species, reminding one of muralis. Ground colour is a buryeffi.
very pale greenish yellow; delicately and sparsely marbled with black in the somewhat chalky scaling; markings
very finely outlined with black; an incomplete double subbasal, a double antemedian consisting of 3 large
archs; the intermediate area somewhat more heavily peppered with black and situate therein the round dark
orbicular stigma with black centre and the pale reniform stigma with concave inner edge towards the base.

Between the two stigmata there is a circular paler and less speckled area which gives the impression of being
a pale round stigma ; the edge of the claviform stigma is also indicated by a dark streak to the dentate double
postmedian; the subterminal generally only outlined as the dark edge along the unspeckled marginal area;
the white fringes have dark checks with black marginal streaks before the pale patches. Hindwings white,
veins narrowly dark, with black marginal line and blackish disca! spot, a fine postmedian and antemarginal,
the latter heavier towards anal angle, in one specimen expanding to a blackish band. According to 4
brought from Macedonia (Uskub) by Prof. v. Burgeff. Type in the Munich State Museum.

B. muscicolor Kozhant. Head and prothorax delicate green with a few blackish spots and streaks, muscicolor.
abdomen grey. Forewings delicate green with black and white markings; basal line does not extend to inner
margin, both median transverse lines fine, distinct, velvety black with fine white edges facing one another; orbic¬
ular stigma small, sharply outlined, filled with delicate green with white ringlet ; reniform stigma large, coloured
as the orbicular, both conjoined basally by a fine black and white streak, the large claviform stigma touches the
orbicular; beyond the inner line 3 indistinct white spots: a large one at inner margin, a smaller one in
the middle and again a larger one before the apex; marginal area beyond same a delicate green with a marg¬
inal line of black, inwardly white marginal lunules; fringes black, white and green. Hindwings dark, paler
towards base with faintly indicated discal spot and black and white checked fringes. Wing expanse 30 mm.

According to 1 <$ caught in July on the Kasyr Ssuk river. The type is unique and is placed in the Lenin¬
grad Museum. Filip jef deems same synonymous with Valeria sauberi Graes.

B„ maeonis Led. (Vol. 3, p. 21, pi. 4 h) (2 h). The real type, as we are illustrating here once more is yellow- maeonis.
grey admixed with darker yellow-grey and bluish ash-grey. — sordida St.gr. (2 h) is much darker, black-grey, sordida.
partly leaden grey. It seems to me questionable whether the rubellina classified here are correctly specified,
as all the specimens of this form have considerably longer and narrower wings with more oblique outer mar¬
gins. The pale reddish — rabelSina Stgr. (2 h) which we are illustrating here again, emanates from Shakuh and rubellina.
differs from the central asiatic form from the neigbourhood of Askhabad, which is of a constant pale yellow
grey colour. It also has longer wings and with faintly dusky discal area and I should like to denominate same
• — centralis /. n. (2 h). Type in the collection of Draudt. Similar specimens are to be found in the State centralis.
Museums of Berlin and Munich.

B. perla F . and perloides Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 21, pi. 4 g). These are a difficult problem. I am of the same perla.
opinion as Spuler that perloides and perlina Stgr. are identical, whilst I consider pyrenaea Obth. to be a gen- verloides.
uine species, chiefly because it is slightly larger on an average with sleeker and more pointed wings occurring
next to the small perla forms flying in Spain. We have to enumerate the following forms of perla, besides the
small perloides, which are sometimes suffused with reddish yellow and always have the same wing contour with
truncate apex and occur in S. Tyrol as well as in Spain: — ab. dufranei n. n. (= grisea Dufrane nec Vorbr.) dufranei.
characterised by completely dark grey hindwings so that the outer lines become extinct and only the cell
spot is somewhat visible. Forewings with expanded black markings which are not speckled as in suffusa. Under¬
sides more grey, described from Belgium. — confirals Dannehl (2 i) from Trafoi with pale grey-green ground colour- confinis.
ation, very delicate and somewhat diffuse markings which are grey and not black. Hindwings widely dark along
margin with highly prominent cell spot in the shape of a lunule. — grisea Vorbr. has forewings dusky and an grisea.
impure grey-brown, so that only one spot at base and a patch in the lower 3rd of margin retain the light
ground colour; also hindwings are dark grey-brown with darker cell macula and a few small paler marginal
dots. From Hauterive. — abruzzensis Dannehl from the Gran Sasso and Majella is green-grey without yellowish abruzzensis.
or reddish tone, discal area barely darker, markings delicate but clear; fringes brightly checked. Hindwings
grey-white with a uniformly wide grey marginal band and submarginal whitish dots between the nervules. At
. an altitude of 1200 — 2500 m. — subsp. corsivola Schaw. (2 h) a remarkable form with preponderantly pure corsivola.
white and not grey ground colour, but almost blue-black markings, both stigmata and the discal area below
the orbicular stigma densely black. Hindwings with well pronounced discal spot and dark margin. Corsica
from altitudes of 1400 — 2000 m in July. — - perla is found in profusion also in Mauretania and Egypt and
in apparently typical form.

20

OEDEREMIA. By Dr. M. Dkaudt.

pyrenaea.

rosina.

pseudo-

perla.

du seuirei.

antias.

paulina.

splendida.

mimouna.

syrticola.

trapezoi-

dalis.

diadela.

lithoplasta.

B. pyrenaea Obtln. (Vol. 3. p. 21, pi. 4f) (2 h). As already mentioned under perla I meanwhile hold
this to he a genuine species. Same is not solely confined to Spain, hut occurs also on S. Tyrol and in very
large dark specimens in Zermatt. Similarly to lutescens of perla, forms also occur suffused with yellow-red:

- rosina Gulot. The solution of the problem of perla and related forms must be reserved for future more
exhaustive research.

B. pseudoperla Rothsch (2 i). established from a from Guelt es Stel. in Algeria. Head and thorax
grey-white the latter peppered with brown-grey. Fore wings grey- white speckled with brown-grey with numer¬
ous dentate black lines and with a large grey antemedian spot inwards of the orbicular stigma; fringes grey-
white with black checks. Hindwings mouse-grey with white fringes.

B„ du seutrei Obth. also closely resembles perla ; it is somewhat smaller, markings more delicate and
more clearly defined on whitish ground; spots and lines black, between same yellow-red spots as in many
lichen kinds. Varies considerably in paler and darker colouration. Morocco in August.

B. antias Culot (2 h) of same size as perla but less delicately built. Ground colour of forewings pale
fleshy reddish ochre, finely sprinkled with brown, the brown orbicular stigma elongated below the median
nervure along the inner line, reniform stigma small and round, other markings fairly similar to those of perla.
Hindwings whitish grey somewhat duskily brownish in marginal area and with delicate brown streak in cell.
S. Oran, Sebdou, Geryville, Guelt es Stel. August to October.

B. paulina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 21, pi. 4h) (2 1) has also been discovered in Egypt.

B. splendida 0. B.-Haas (2 i) is to be classified after obscura Warr. Forewings black at base, then
greenish white wherein is situate a long, broad black streak-like mark; in the olive green discal area there
is the reniform stigma with black dot in centre and white surround; the blue-green marginal area is a half¬
way shade between basal and discal areas and has 3 black dots at costa, anal angle and a triangular one in
centre; both transverse lines are black, slightly undulate. Hindwings brownish grey. Wing expanse 21 mm.
From Sutshansk, S. Ussuri in July.

B, mimouna Obth. resembles commixta Warr ; forewings yellowish or faintly rose-whitish with heavy
silky gloss, coarsely sprinkled with blackish grey so that the transverse lines are not clearly apparent; sub-
basal and inner lines somewhat more distinct than the elbowed line; 2 faint patches in discal area. Hind¬
wings of same ground colour as forewings. Morocco in August.

B. syrticola Trti. (2 i) reminds one strongly of reclilinea Warr. I have no specimen before me and
therefore cannot decide whether there is a specific difference from the form named. According to the descrip¬
tion the forewings are yellowish earthy grey with 3 extremely delicate black transverse lines of the same
shape as those of rectilinea but according to the illustration the posterior line is situate nearer the margin,
the colour is more reddish, hindwings more brownish. — In trapezoidalis Trti. (2 i) the discal area between the
lines is adumbrated in the form of a trapeze, hereby resembling ereptricula. Cyrenaica (Bengasi) in October.

19a. Genus: Occleremla Hmps.

Very close to Bryo'phila, differing by the somewhat longer palpi and a rounded projection on clypeus
with a horny process under same; more hairs admixed in covering of thorax and besides on the metathorax
there is a tuft of loose hair on prothorax. Everything else is identical. Culot names the Genus Jugurthia.

Type of the Genus: Oe. lithoplasta Hmps.

Oe. diadela Hmps. (2 i). Forewings with yellow-white ground densely sprinkled with black. Antemedian
area pure white ; posterior to the inner line and in front of the whitish subterminal or over the entire marg¬
inal area a reddish brown dusting ; the black dentate transverse lines have white edges on the sides remote
from one another; the two upper stigmata are large with black centres and edges, also the claviform stigma is
faintly marked with black. Fringes white and black mixed. Hindwings brownish grey, duskier in marginal area
with discal lunule and transverse line beyond, on the margin black streaks that are whitish inwardly. Fringes
yellow-white. Alexander Mountains.

Oe. lithoplasta Hmps. (2 k) is similar, paler, forewings whitish, more faintly sprinkled with black and
scarcely tinged with ochreous; both upper stigmata white with faint black outline, the round orbicular stigma
with ochreous centre, reniform stigma with brown longitudinal line near its inner edge; the elbowed is double
but only the inner line is black and distinct, the outer one more diffuse; behind the white subterminal line,
the marginal area is adumbrated. Hindwings pale brownish grey with faint discal streak, outer transverse line
and subterminal shade. Fringes white. W. Turkestan (Tashkend); Ili territory.

POLIOBRYA; BRYOMOEA; MEROLEUCA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

21

Oe. gracilis sp. n. (2 k) very close to lithoplasta, it is smaller with narrower wings and more oblique gracilis.
margin to forewings; colour as the former but the discal area is more uniformly adumbrated with grey-black;
orbicular stigma is much smaller, reniform stigma more heavily shaded with brownish grey. Hindwings much
more darkly grey-brown. According to a single $ from Issyk-kul in the Munich State Museum.

Oe. uniovii Ev. (= colorata Krul.) from Vol. 3, p. 21 should be classified here according to Hampson. umovii.

I have not personally seen this insect.

Oe. precisa Warr. (= salmonea Culot, superba Rothsch.) (2 k) should be removed from Vol. 3, p. 23 precisa.
and classified here. The species resembles certain microglossa from Andalusia with a monotonous ochreous
reddish tone to forewings without white lines and without adumbration in discal area; the elbowed line con¬
sists of small concave crescents, in microglossa of a delicate uninterrupted black line. Hindwings 1 ike same.

Algeria (Sebdou, Geryville) in August and September.

Oe. subplumbeola Culot (= cinnamomina Rothsch.) (2 k) described as a Catamecia. Forewings red-brown, subplum-
the paler patches violet-grey, the upper ones a darker shade than the lower; both transverse lines delicate beola.

and distinctly black, the stigmata only faintly edged with a dark surround, darker than ground colour. Hind¬
wings with distinct discal spot. Algeria (Sebdou, Geryville, Lambessa) in September and October. — f.
precisa Culot has more definite markings and is coloured with greater contrast and rather paler. — suffusa precisa.
Rothsch. has a brown subbasal complete line instead of a line of dots and beyond same is suffused with sulfusa.
slate grey as far as the margin. — fasciata Rothsch. has dark cinnamon brown forewings with 2 brown spots re- fasciata.
placed by 2 bands. — griseola Rothsch. has grey dusted forewings, the brown spots being smaller and paler; griseola.
the elbowed line double, bold with white edge outwardly, brown inwardly. Hindwings grey-brown.

Oe. marmorata Warr. I have had no specimen before me. Forewings bluish white in basal area, along marmorala.
the costa to the outer line and in the 3 stigma, the antemedian is black the inner portion subdivided into
3 parts, the outer dentate; the round orbicular stigma is confluent with an oval spot below same, reniform
stigma like a large lunule, claviform stigma like a white crescent; all 3 with black edges, discal area around
same suffused with olive-brown; elbowed line undulate and dentate, filled with bluish white and beyond same
irregular dark spots ; in the blue-grey marginal area there is an indistinct pale subterminal and a brownish
spot behind the cell, black marginal streaks, fringes white with dark checks Hindwings pale grey with dark
marginal line and pale fringes mixed with dark. $ intensively brown with black markings; the white spot
below the orbicular stigma quadrate, extending in a dentation to the postmedian and becoming confluent
with the claviform stigma. Wing expanse 32 mm in d, 28 mm in §. Kuku-Noor (Thibet).

Oe. confucil Alph. (2 k) from Vol. 3, p. 22 should also be classified here. The illustration is from a confucii.
specimen in the Pijngeler collection.

Oe. chloromixta Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 22, pi. 4 li) (2 i). We are giving a fresh illustration.

19b. Genus: I*«liobrya Bmps.

Differing from the previous Genus by the absence of the proboscis; clypeus smooth as in the Bryo-
phila. Thorax without tufts and only covered by coarse scales, otherwise of same construction as the two
preceding Genera. Only one species:

P. patula Rung. (2 1). Forewings whitish, dusted with ochreous and sprinkled with black; both dentate patula.
transverse lines black, edged with diffuse white on the edges remote from one another, the black-brown stig¬
mata with blackish edges and traces of a central shade between them; in front of the whitish subterminal
there are diffuse black sagittate marks, the whitish fringes checked with black-brown. Hindwings brownish
with discal streak and 2 diffuse transverse lines behind, the veins being darkly outlined in marginal area. E.

Turkestan (Saichin, Korla).

19c. Genus: SSryomoea Bmps.

Has a very stunted proboscis, no tuft on prothorax, otherwise as previous Genus. Only one species :

B. melachlora Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 22) should be classified here. In the Pungeler Collection its origin is melachlora.
given as S. Ussuri (Kasakewitch).

19 d. Genus: Meroleuca Bmps.

Very close to the previous Genus. Proboscis stunted, 3rd joint of palpi much shorter than in the pre¬
ceding; clypeus with rounded projection and horny plate thereunder; thorax quite without tufts, also abdomen.

BRYOLEUCA. AGROTINAE. By Dr. A. Corti.

microglossa.

Irilinea.

M. microglossa Rbr. (2 1) to be transposed from the classification in Vol. 3, p. 22, pi. 4 i and placed
here. The species is widely distributed and also occurs in Syria. The almost unrecognisable illustration of
this very variable species is replaced by a better illustration depicting both sexes.

19 e. Genus: Bryoleuca Hmps.

Transposed from p. 200 where it was named as the 49th Genus and best classified here. The only known

species :

B. trilinea Beth.-Bak. (Vol. 3, p. 200, pi. 48 b) (2 1) strongly resembles a small pale B. divisa form
and hitherto has only been found in Egypt, where it occurs in September and October. Biologically the spe¬
cies should be placed here, as the larvae, that are blue-grey with warts having sparse yellow hairs, live on
walls in a small cocoon covered with sand and mortar and feed on lichen.

Correction:

p. 5 line 2 from top read instead of Acronyctinae : Acronictinae.

p. 7 line 8 from bottom read instead of Acronycta : Acronicta.

3. Subfamily: Agrotinae ( Euxoinae ).

By Dr. A. Corti.

In Vol. 3 of this work, pages 23 onwards, W. Warren followed when dealing with this subfamily
the classification of Sir G. F. Hampson in Vol. 4 of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae of the British Museum. He made
however some drastic alterations grouping for instance Hampson’s Genera Euxoa and Feltia in a single Genus
Euxoa and also the Genera Agrotis, Epipsilia and Lycophotia in a single Genus Rhyacia. In accordance with
the present state in the study of the Agrotinae neither the first classification by Hampson, nor the second by
Warren can be retained. This especially on account of the importance now attached to the structure of the
male genital organs which was only partly taken into consideration by Hampson, but not at all by Warren.
Therefore quite a new subdivision has become necessary. The subfamily of the Agrotinae doubtless belongs
to the most difficult and complicated of all the Noctuides and a great deal of research work will still be ne¬
cessary to introduce perfect clarity into the sometimes very confused state of affairs. The following classification
of the Agrotinae therefore is made without any claim to absolute correctitude or completeness and it is
merely an endeavour to make a record as far as is possible of the present position of this family. Consideration
has been given to the question of variations and races in those sjzecies where they actually and constantly occur
and these are enumerated as “v.”. On the other hand on principle the author wishes to resist introducing a list
of the innumerable denominations for aberrations. He is firmly convinced that only immeasurable confusion
will be produced by this absolutely unnecessary denomination craze and that it is the duty of every serious
entomologist to oppose same. This without in any way deprecating the importance of the interesting study
of aberrations in relationship to possibilities of variation in any given species. Most of the Agrotinae vary very
considerably among themselves, in many species the degree of variability is so great that among a series of hundr¬
eds of specimens there are scarcely two that can be said to be exactly identical. Only at the special wish of
the editor the aberrations that have been newly denominated since the publication of the main Volume,
have been enumerated, partly because this was initiated in the main Volume and partly to give our read¬
ers an opportunity of knowing what is intended by these denominations.

The <$<$ genital organs, the structure of which is a most valuable help in differentiating the Genera
rather than the species, have been examined by other authors and myself covering the greater majority of
all the hitherto known palaearctic Agrotinae. In such cases where it has been impossible to make an exami¬
nation or where it cannot be decided with certainty that a particular species actually belongs in a relative
Genus, I have placed a question mark behind the name of the Genus, thus E. (?) carthalina Christ.

The antennae of the Agrotinae are very varied in formation. Their construction, whilst being impor¬
tant for a systematic classification, is not always proof of a close relationship of particular species or the
reverse. Often in the same Genus, they differ exceedingly, as of course also occurs in other Genera of the
Noctuides (compare for instance Valeria oleagina and jaspidea). For purely practical reasons and because this
work is essentially a supplement, I have retained Warren’s, respectively Hampson’s subdivision into Sections.
I must however lay stress on the fact that this subdividing into sections is often very difficult with the
very great diversity in the antennae and it should not be accepted as absolutely final.

The subfamily of the Agrotinae is mainly to be recognised by the presence of 3 charateristics, each
of which is of equal importance. The first is the naked eyes, the second the absence or stuntedness of vein
5 of the hindwings, the third the jzresence of various spurs on the front, middle and hind tibiae, or on one

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

2?,

of these tibiae. In the Euxoa and Agrotis (Feltia) all the tibiae have spurs, the front ones very stout. Then
follow those Genera in which the tibiae also all have spurs, but the front tibiae have much weaker spurs than is
the case in Euxoa and Agrotis (Feltia). Then follow those having no spurs on the front tibiae, then those with
spurs only on middle and hind tibiae and finally those with spurs only on the hind tibia.

The formation of the frons is of great importance in the systematic subdivision of the Agrotinae. The cly-
peus is either glossily smooth, or even and rough or with a protuberance that often varies considerably in its
form in one and the same species having a crater-like or wart-like formation. This formation is sometimes
absent as a rule (as for instance in ypsilon Bolt.) or more rarely (as for instance in exclamationis L.) Whenever
it occurs it offers a valuable means of diagnosis together with the other characteristics. These clypeus pro¬
cesses are most strongly pronounced as a rule in the species of the Genera Cladocerotis, Euxoa, Agrotis ( Feltia )
and Dichagyris.

In regard to the biology of the Agrotinae, same is without a doubt of great importance for a syste¬
matic classification of this subfamily. Through the nature of a comprehensive work such as we have under¬
taken this question can only be lightly touched upon. The ova of the Agrotinae are of very varying construc¬
tion. The most primitive oldest forms in my opinion deposit simple, irregularly shaped, unicoloured, more
or less faintly ridged ova, either in batches next to or over one another. This chiefly concerns such spe¬
cies and Genera (Euxoa, Agrotis (Feltia) etc.) whose larvae are typical subterraneous larvae. The ova of the
other species are globular, oval or gourd-shaped, heavily ridged, with spots or with coloured zones of all
possible colour combinations, either in direct rows or adjoining areas.

The larva can be divided into at least two large groups. The first group covers the typical sub¬
terraneous larvae, that pull their food into the earth, should no more be present below the surface. These are
heavily formed caterpillars of grey to reddish or brown colour with relatively little marking, short bristles,
which in the very young stages bear curious small clubs at the extremities. These larvae are in general very
lazy, they do not spin threads or take up a posture of fear when disturbed. The second group concerns the
superterrene (as a matter of fact generally concealed, either in the uppermost layers of the earth or under
leaves etc., but not living typically in the earth) larvae. These are partly very brightly coloured and marked,
they have no club-like processes on the bristles, very easily take up a posture of fear on being disturbed,
easily spin threads and in general are very lively, forming a direct contrast to the larvae of the first group.

Transitory forms of course occur.

The pupae are generally coloured yellow to red-brown. Occasionally they are deep in the earth, occas¬
ionally nearer the surface, sometimes quite without and again with very tough cocoons. The number of cre¬
master spines varies considerably, as does the formation of the cremaster.

20. Genus: Euxoa Hb.

This Genus is characterised by the stout spurs on the front tibiae (middle and hind tibiae also have
spurs), by a bi-furcated clasper in the male sexual organ, having both prongs approximately of the same
length and by a stout, crater or wart-like process on the clypeus. Now and then specimens occur in one
and the same species without this projection. Type: E. decora Hb.

Section I : Antennae of <§ pectinated to apex, pectinations long.

E. rugifrons Mab. (= E. bledi Chret., E. urbana A. B.-H.) (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 c <$) (3 a). Algeria, Oran, rugifrons.
Tunis. August to November. Early stages unknown.

Section II: Antennae of pectinated almost to apex, pectinations long.

E. subdistinguenda Corti (3 a $ type). A species that varies exceedingly both in colouration and mark- subdistin-
ing. The types are very similar to the genuine distinguenda Led. but the antennae are more heavily pectin- guenda.
atecl with wider pectinations. Orbicular stigma usually small, round with whitish centre. — v. mu hi sign a n. multisigna.
(3 a d1 type) is to denote a grey to grey-brown form, orbicular and reniform stigmata almost extinct, no
pale streak along costa and with distinct inner and outer transverse lines. It compares approximately as eruta
Hb. does to tritici L. Perhaps this is a new species, related to the following mendeli Fdz. Spain, Albarracin in
August- September. In spite of the extreme range of variation -of this fine species, a number of aberrations
have already been named. — ab. diluta Scliaiv. with pale brown almost whitish brown forewings, markings diluta.
extinct, pale costa, pale stigmata, black basal streak, black claviform stigma and the pre-marginal sagittate
spots quite absent. — ab. obscura Schaw. is the name given to the counterpart in darkest brown with scarcely obscura.
any markings. Albarracin, Spain. Ova whitish yellow, without ridges, in batches. Larvae almost uniform blue-
grey, underside somewhat paler, lateral line and bands scarcely discernible. Head and scutellum dull buff,
scutellum clumsy and divided. Larva similar to those of hastifera Donz. Pupa yellow-brown in a cocoon of
earth, two diverging cremaster spines.

24

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

mendeli. E. mendeli Fdz. (3 a <$ cotype). Similar to v. multisigna of the preceding species but much more

vividly marked. Generally smaller, more unicoloured grey, no light streak along costa, inner and outer trans¬
verse lines as a rule distinct. Hindwings pure white to grey white. Specimens occur that are most distinctly

deleta. marked and again others that are almost unicolourous. It varies therefore considerably. — The ab. deleta

Fdz. with paler forewings and with extinct lines and stigmata is according to Boursin probably synonymous
■identata. with cos Hb., that is to say with a small specimen of this species. — - ab. identata Fdz. denotes specimens
in the author’s collection without sagittate marks. Spain in September-October. Early stages unknown.

capsensis. E. capsensis Ghret. (3 a). Similar to mendeli Fdz. but much more brightly marked and coloured, inner

and outer transverse lines clear, a pale yellowish undulating subterminal line present. Often has heavy sagit¬

tate marks, which rarely occur' in mendeli and then only faintly. Hindwings pure white, rarely grey-white.
chretieni. Also resembles lasserrei Obth., which however belongs to Agrotis 0. ( Feltia Wkr.), the pale — v. chretieili Obth.

(3 b $ type) is probably only a colour variation of capsensis. Algeria in September-October. Early stages un¬
known.

perambu- E. perambulans nov. spec. (3 b $ type). Almost identical with temera-hubneri Pus., however the antennae

lans- are pectinated to the apex. Hindwings still whiter than in temera-hubneri. Sagittate marks always more or less
distinct. Algeria in September-October.

carthalina. E. (?) carfhalina Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 24) is probably no Euxoa but an Agrotis 0. (. Feltia Wkr.).

The following species classified in Vol. 3 under Sections I and II, p. 24 — 26 do not belong to Euxoi but are to
be classified under Agrotis O., (Feltia Wkr.): obesa B., scytha Alph., crassa Hb., dirempta Stgr., lasserrei Obth., boetica B.,
pierreti Bugn., matritensis Vasqu., fatidica Hb., sdbulosa Rbr., chretienni Dum., bifurca Stgr., segetum Schiff., robusta Ev . .
characteristica Alph., trifurcula Stgr., tr if urea Ev., rata Ev., corticea Schiff., turatii Stdfs., anarmodia Stgr. and lanzarotensis
Rbl. Further trifida Fisch-Wldh. belongs in a quite different Genus and polybela Joan is no Agrotinae at all, but belongs
in the subfamily of the Cucullianae, Genus Omphaloscelis Hmps.

Section III: Antennae of $ pectinated to 2/3rds of their length, pectinations shorter.

E. temera Fib. In this species and its varieties I follow the researches of Boursin with the exception
of villiersi Gn. despite the fact that everything is not clearly laid down yet and that all the variations are prob¬
ably simply colour and marking aberrations. The most likely is that temera-hubneri is a genuine varia-
temera. tion. Underside of forewings in all forms with very distinct discoidal spot. — temera Hb. Fig. 393 (3 b) is
considered by Boursin to be the type and this is the form with distinct inner and outer transverse lines,
ruris. similarly coloured costa and almost absent claviform stigma. — v. run's Hbn. (3 b) has an indistinct clavi-
form stigma, more faintly visible transverse lines, costal margin scarcely paler than ground colour. — v. (ab.)
liubneri. hiibneri Brs. {= fictilis Hb. 710) (3 b type) has very distinct claviform stigma, paler costa and scarcely
villiersi. indicated or absent transverse lines. — v .(ab.) villiersi Gn. (3 c) is the pale, sometimes almost unicoloured buff
boursini. form with extinct claviform stigma, absent transverse lines and similarly coloured costa. - — v. boursini Schaw.

$ dark brown to almost black-brown with reddish yellow, pale costal streak, $ dark vinous grey with pale
costal streak and similar stigmata. A pale colour aberration from Corsica, which also occurs in Spain and
the Apennines and probably everywhere else where temera occurs. All these forms do not belong to obelisca
Hb. Mid and S. Europe, also according to Botjrsin, N. Africa, Asia Minor, Arndo. Breeding from the ova
would perhaps produce clarity in regard to the above named forms, but only the early stages temera-hub¬
neri are known. Ova are deposited in batches, they are yellowish without ridges. Larvae when full fed are
almost without markings, similar to hastifera Donz. Pupa in a frail cocoon, red-brown with 2 stout spines on
cremaster and besides with a few lateral chitinous bristles.

alphonsina. E. alphonsina Fdz. In this species it is certainly a case of a pale and less vividly marked specimen of

temera v. ruris Hb. Captured by Fernandez in June 1928 at Ucles in Spain. Whilst a pair was taken, the G
escaped.

abdallah. E .hastifera Donz. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 h) (3 c). — The var. abdallah Obth. (= suffusa Fdz., ambrosiana

Brs.) (3 c o type) is the north african race of hastifera. It is more brightly marked, the orange of the costa
and the stigmata is much more vivid, the fore wings in comparison for instance with the austrian hastifera
earbonis. are much more rufous instead of dark brown. Occurs also in Spain (Cuenca). — ab. (v.) carbonis Warr. (Vol. 3,
p. 27, pi. 6 a) belongs here according to Kozhantschikov and not to obelisca Hb. These specimens originating
from the Urals are said to represent the eastern subspecies of hastifera. The specimen illustrated in Vol. 3, pi. 6 a
is a $ and the figure is too blackish, it should be more vinous. The has almost white hindwings. To the
localities of distribution of hastifera in Vol. 3 we must add the Herzegowina. Ova very pale yellow, ridges
faintly indicated. Larvae olive-grey with wide yellow-grey dorsal stripe; head and scutellum glossy. Pupa
yellow-brown in a black earthern cocoon.

bugeaudi. E. bugeaudi Obth. (3 c $ type). Generally smaller than obelisca Hb. but very similar otherwise to same.

Can also be compared to hastifera-abdallah Obth. Varies considerably in colour and marking. Can be differ¬
entiated immediately from obelisca by the heavily pectinated antennae, from abdallah by the considerably less
prominently pale yellow costal margin and also the orbicular and reniform stigmata. In abdallah the pale
islyana. costal margin is always distinctly present, in bugeaudi much less and sometimes not all. — var. islyana

Publ. 11. VII. 1931.

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

25

Obth. from the same district, seems to me to be, from a comparison of the types, only a poorly marked
aberration of bugeaudi. Algiers, September. Early stages unknown.

E. oranaria A. B.-H. (3 c). Head, thorax and forewings luteous with brownish admixture. Costa oranaria.
yellowish white. Orbicular stigma small, round, filled with whitish, reniform stigma darker with white edge.

The dark claviform stigma distinct, median nervure sharply whitish as far as reniform stigma. Transverse
lines are absent. Subterminal line whitish, sagittate marks clear, reddish streaks in outer area. Hindwings of
B white with darker marginal line, impure white in $. Underside of wings white without markings, faintly
dusted with grey. Abdomen yellowish white. Algeria, April- June. Ova deposited in batches, yellowish white,
not ridged. Other stages unknown.

E. distinguenda Led. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 f). — astfalleri Corti (3 d type), is the mouse-grey to grey- astfcilleri.
black race from the Tyrol with margin of hindwings more or less adumbrated in the <J, whilst the real
distinguenda Led. almost always has pure white hindwings in the B and besides is of buff or luteous ground
colour. — provincialis Brs. (3 d B cotype) is a race from S. France inclined to red-brown, hindwings of B ; provincialis .
almost pure white. — cleui Brs. (3 d B cotype) from La Bassee in S. France has pure white hindwings, costal cleui.
margin barely paler, claviform stigma whilst being distinct, is pale and not filled with black. Hindwings very
pale, brownish grey. Boursin has nominated a further new form — - ab. praevisa Brs. It is the form with praevisa.
prominent transverse lines, claviform stigma almost indistinguishable and costa of uniform colour. Basses
Alpes. — uralensis Corti (3 d B type) is the race from the Urals and Sarepta, grey-brown to dark brown, uralensis.
stumpy, hindwings of B dusky at margin. Forewings very distinctly marked. Abdomen in main type form
usually buff, grey- white in uralensis. — distimcfa Stgr. (3 d) is the race from Asia Minor, Amasia etc. with distincta.
wide wings, clearly marked, with very pale costa, hindwings of B usually pure white with slightly dusky
outer margin. Early stages unknown.

E. acuminifera Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 28, 12 a) (3 e). The illustration in the main Volume is very inexact or acumini-
erroneous. The species closely resembles distinguenda Led. and also oranaria A. B.-H. The wings however are fera.

much more pointed, the antennae curiously pectinated with shorter pectinations inwards and longer ones
outwards, these are heavily ciliated. Russia, Turkestan, Central Asia. Early stages unknown.

E. siepii Oberth. (= tritici siepii Oberth. 1907, donzeli A. B.-H. 1910 sec. Brs.) (3 e B type). Grey- siepii.
brown, the oblique pale streak is absent, that in the distinguenda forms extends obliquely from claviform stig¬
ma downwards towards the outer margin. Sagittate marks are also more or less absent, costa is not pale,
but of same colour as forewings. Inner and outer transverse lines blackish, very distinct, claviform stigma
distinct. S. France, Plan d’Aups. September. — donzeli A. B.-H. ( = tritici donzeli A. B.-H.) (3 e) is yellowish donzeli.
grey to whitish grey, otherwise like siepii but the claviform stigma is absent. S. France, Digne, in September.

According to Boursin siepii is related to donzeli, as temera-hubneri is to temera, whilst I consider that donzeli
is a separate species and siepii forms a transition from distinguenda Led. provincialis Brs. and cleui Brs. to
mendeli Fdz. Early stages unknown.

E. christophi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 h). The illustration is good only typical specimens are much

paler on forewings and hindwings are considerably whiter. — lugens Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 27) (3 e). lugens.

E. waltharii sp. n. (= mollis mollina Stgr. i. 1.) (3 e B type). Forewings brownish buff with dark basal waltharii.
streak, claviform stigma sometimes filled with dark, sometimes with light scales, transverse lines not dis¬
cernible; costa widely pale although not strikingly contrasting. Orbicular stigma somewhat oblique, pale,
reniform stigma large, pale; median nervure pale from base to reniform stigma, as in hastifera. Hindwing of
B impure yellowish white. Thorax grey-brown to red-brown, abdomen of same colour as hindwings. Turke¬
stan, Naryn, Kuldja. Early stages unknown.

E. emolliens limps. (= mollis Stgr. nec Wkr.) (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 b) (3 f).

E. amplexa sp. n. (3 f B type). Looks like a dark brown emolliens Hmps. (3 f). A black basal streak ample xa.

is present, that is absent in emolliens. The claviform stigma which is also missing in emolliens, is dark.

Orbicular and reniform stigmata are of the same colour as forewing with black outlines. Transverse lines are
absent as in emolliens. Hindwings impure white, slightly adumbrated towards margin. The black discoidal
spot on underside of forewings which is present in emolliens, is absent in amplexa. Underside of hindwings al¬
most white in amplexa, dusted with grey at margin, discoidal spot discernible. Sarepta, Altai, Issyk-kul.

Early stages unknown.

E. doufanae Oberth. (3 f B type). Sandy yellow, transverse lines distinct, no central shade, orbicular doufanae.
and reniform stigmata large with whitish surrounds and not filled with blackish, a dark costal mark above
each. Subterminal line indistinctly dentate, no sagittate marks. Hindwings still paler, impure yellowish white
with brownish discoidal streak. Underside of wings glossy, almost unicoloured buff, discoidal spot distinct on
hindwings. Discoidal area of forewings contrasting brownish. Algeria, June. Early stages unknown.

E. powelli Oberth. (3 f B type). Forewings fuscous with golden sheen. Inner transverse line double, powelli.
also the outer one, in typical specimens almost black. In $ a heavy central shade. The outer transverse line
extends in blackish points outwards along the nervules. Orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinct with faint
reddish brown centres. Hindwings of B impure white, darker towards margins, more dusky in §. Underside of

Supplementary Volume 3 4

26

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

persubtilis.

iibetana.

ccantho-

phila.

leucophila.

melano-

phila.

carola.

sagittaria.

deserta.

obscura.

sigmata.

corporea.

homicida.

schahku-

hensis.

aquilina.

falleri.

wings almost unicoloured buff, paler in centre, a darker band on both wings, a discoidal spot on hindwings.
A fine and striking species. Algeria, May-June. — persubtilis Corti (3 f type). Obviously the Spanish race of
powelli. It is much less brightly marked than powelli and varies extraordinarily. Hindwings of $ are throughout
much darker than in powelli , underside of same being always more or less adumbrated, quite considerably
so in bands are sometimes prominent, sometimes faint, but only present on fore wings. The race is smaller
and more stumpy than powelli. It stands halfway between cos Hbn. (Suppl. Vol. 3, pi. 4 a) and powelli Oberth.
Spain, Albarracin, July-August. Early stages unknown.

E. tibetana Mr. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 12 a). Early stages unknown. According to Tams it is a Euxoa.

E. haverlcampfi Stdfs. (Vol. 3, p. 29) (3 g). Probably very closely related to decora Him. (Vol. 3, pi. 6 d).
Possibly belonging to subgenus Mesoeuxoa. Corsica. A number of aberrations of this strongly varying species
have been denominated. — In ab. xanthophila Schaw. the pale yellow is a striking grey, — ab. leucophila Schaw.
is quite pale whitish grey, — ab. melanophila Schaw. denotes blackish specimens. — ab. carola Schaw. is
a uniform dusky form, in — ab. sagittaria Schaw. the nervules are exceptionally heavily scaled. — Ova
not yet described. Larva almost identical with decora, scutellum divided, more greenish coloured, puncti-
form warty processes more distinct. Pupation in a frail sandy cocoon, pupa with 2 cremaster spines.

E„ deserta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 a, described there as armena Ev.) (3 g). armena Ev. according to
Filip jef is not an Agrotinae, but belongs to the genus Antitype. The specimen illustrated in Vol. 3, pi. 6 a
is however the genuine deserta Stgr., but the illustration is not good and I am therefore illustrating same
again. The description would be more exact as follows: grey-white, peppered with darker scalings, orbicular
stigma usually large with grey-white centre, generally open at upper end, reniform stigma similarly large
with grey-white centre, both stigmata with blackish surrounds, the area between them considerably adum¬
brated. Inner and outer transverse lines present, blackish. Paler specimens remind one of cursoria Hb., but
they never have the yellowish tone of the latter species. Hindwings grey-white. Sarepta, Tura. — • obscura
Stgr. (3 g) is almost unicoloured dark mouse-grey, nevertheless markings and stigmata are distinct, hind¬
wings dusky. Early stages unknown.

E. sigmata Kozh. Similar to the preceding species, yellowish grey, markings distinct, 3rd transverse line
unusually close to reniform stigma, orbicular and reniform stigmata closely approximated, claviform stigma
only clearly discernible at distal end towards the termen, which extends to the 3rd transverse line (“sigma”).
Described from a single $ from Tekke. Wing expanse 32 mm.

The following species mentioned in the main Volume under Section III, p. 26 — 28 belong to the genus Agrotis
(Feltia): patula Wl<r., endogaea Bsd., spinifera Hb., cinerea Schiff. and puta Hb.-, fissa Stgr. belongs to Mesoeuxoa; accor¬
ding to Tams pallidifrons Hmps. is also not a Euxoa.

E. humigena Pnglr. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 12 a).

E. (?) corporea sp. n. (3 h C type). Similar to emolliens Hmps. (3 f). Forewings purplish brown, al¬
most unicoloured, transverse lines very indistinct, the outer one double, dentate. At margin of forewings a
few dark spots. In front of the marginal line a row of dark, triangular lunules, in front of which there are
obscure sagittate marks. Fringes of same colour as forewings, reniform and orbicular stigmata open towards
costa with brownish edges. Hindwings impure white, dusky at margin. Fringes white. Underside glossy grey
with obsolete band. Discoidal spot present. A pale marginal line on forewings. Thorax of the colour of fore¬
wings. Abdomen as hindwings. Sarepta.

E. homicida Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 12 f). The illustration in the main Volume is not recognisable, I
am therefore illustrating the (3 h) afresh. It resembles a cursoria Hujn. (Vol. 3, pi. 6 g) with adumbrated
outer area of fore wings and sometimes almost white hindwings rather than an adumbrata Ev. (Vol. 3, pi. 6 b).
— schahkuhensis Bartel (3 h y>) with paler more brightly marked fore wings and antennae with somewhat
longer pectinations. From Shahkuh, probably only an aberration. Asia Minor, Taurus, June. (Pfeiffer, Wagner).
Early stages unknown.

Section IV : antennae of the $ with very heavy tuberculate or serrate fascicles of cilia.

E. aquilina Schiff. (= fictilis Hbn. fig. 479) (3 g and Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 6 k). Certainly a genuine species.
The antennae differ considerably from those of tritici L. aquilina is generally much larger than tritici, paler
and much more sharply marked. Stigmata stand out very prominently, hindwings of C paler, forewings cha¬
racterised by an occasionally very outstanding pale streak from claviform stigma obliquely downwards to¬
wards the outer transverse line and beyond same. Is often mistaken for distinguenda Led., although the £
of this species has quite differently shaped bipectinated antennae. It varies considerably. Germany, Switzer¬
land, Austria, Italy but probably still more widely distributed. Occurs in Asia Minor and Asia in a number
of races that are difficult to distinguish. Early stages not described. — falleri Schaw. ( = falleri Corti i. 1.)
(3 g $ type) is the race of aquilina from Corsica. It also varies considerably and is generally very brightly
marked. Hindwings of <$ generally pure white. Schawerda has denominated an aberration solely of coloura-

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

27

tion with pale vinous forewings as ab vinosa. — rabiosa var. nov. (3 g g type) is a nice race from central Asia vinosa.
usually with very distinct markings, white dentate line behind the sagittate marks and fairly pale costa. ral,wsa-
Issyk-kul, Juldus, Saisan, Tokmak, Aksu. — distincta Stgr. (3 h <$) (= tritici v. distincta Stgr., Vol. 3, p. 32) disiincla.
is the race from Asia Minor with almost pure white hindwings. Was formerly often mistaken with distin-
guenda Led. v. distincta Corti. — obscurior Stgr. (3 h <J) ( = tritici v. obscurior Stgr., Vol. 3, p. 32) is the obscurior.
blackish, sometimes almost completely black race from Ussuri. Markings clear, dark, hindwings also in <$ very
heavily adumbrated, especially at margin. According to Filip Jef = oberthuri Leech (Vol. 3, pi. 7 c) which how¬
ever has different antennae.

E. titscliacki Corti (3 i cotype). Pale rufous, markings deeper rufous, costa slightly paler, orbicular titschaclci.
stigma oblique, irregular, often open towards costa, median nervure pale from base to reniform stigma, sagittate
marks distinct, situate before a more or less distinct pale subterminal line. No discoidal spot either on upper
or underside, faintly indicated in §. Tegulae with darker collar. Head and thorax of the colour of hindwings.
Jerusalem, Valley of the Jordan, Askhabad. Early stages unknown.

E» quassa nov. spec. (3 i $ type). Similar to titscliacki but with rounder wings, darker and more diffuse quassa.
markings, subterminal line scarcely indicated. Discoidal spots present. Sarepta, Naryn. Early stages unknown.

E. glabella Wgnr. (= glabella Corti i. 1.) (3 i type). Forewings almost pale luteous in <§, darker glabella.
in Costa pale, sandy coloured, darker in $, claviform stigma buff with black-brown surround, sagittate
marks faint but distinct, reniform and orbicular stigmata with sandy-yellow centres, darker surrounds, hind¬
wings pure white in <$ scarcely darker in $. Underside similarly white, also on forewings. Armenia, Naryn.

Early stages unknown.

E. wagiieri Corti (3 i $ type). This nice species resembles certain forms of subdistinguenda, but can wagneri.
be differentiated at once by the form of the antennae of <$. Also this species varies considerably. The oblique
stripe described under aquilina is present, the colour is generally a nice dark, black-brown on pale ground.

Costa white intermixed with brown. Reniform and orbicular stigmata white with brownish centres and black
surrounds. White spots on costa, sagittate marks distinctly present. Hindwings white in <$, veins and margin
brownish, a discoidal spot is present. Thorax dark black-brown sprinkled with whitish. Underside pale, dis¬
coidal spots distinct. Tarsi with white ringlets. Albarracin, Spain. August. — Ova yellowish white without ridges,
hibernate with embryo developed, larvae very similar to those of subdistinguenda Corti, typical subterraneous
larvae pupating in a fragile cocoon. Pupa pale buff with two diverging cremaster spines.

E. schwingenschussi Corti (3 i $ type). Is best placed here and is probably closely related to aquilina schwingen-
Ilb. although the pectinations of the antennae are shorter and also shorter than those of wagneri. Ground schussi
colour is a pale buff, claviform stigma elongate, black-brown. Median nervure pale brown from base to reni¬
form stigma. Costa pale brown. Sagittate marks more or less present. Hindwing of 3 grey-white, darker at
margin. Thorax of same colour as hindwings with black scales. Underside of both wings grey-white and glossy.

Hindwings with a dark, large, triangular longitudinal shade in the middle. Castile, Teruel, Spain. — Ova
yellow grey without ridges, laid in batches. Larvae typical subterraneous larvae, very similar to temera-kubneri.

Pupa glossy, fuscous without cocoon with 2 strong spines and 2 smaller ones on dorsum.

E. actinea Kozh. (= distaxis Brs., obeliscata Corti i. 1.) (3 k 3 cotype). Is doubtless closely related to actinea.
aquilina Schiff. Costal margin pale, colour yellowish brown, orbicular and reniform stigmata distinct with
black surrounds and pale grey-brown centres. Claviform stigma dark, distinct. Sagittate marks present as
also is the pale oblique streak from claviform stigma obliquely to the outer transverse line. Transverse lines
sometimes distinct, sometimes almost obsolete. Hindwings white with grey admixture at margin and dark
subterminal line. Underside of hindwings almost white with distinct discoidal spot. Thorax of same colour as
hindwings. Abdomen whitish. June-July, Turkestan, Naryn, Issyk-kul, Urals, Asia Minor. Possibly belongs to
subgenus Mesoeuxoa. Early stages unknown.

E. ierresftis sp. n. ( — terrena Corti i. 1.) (3 k 3 type)- A species classified in many collections as terrestris.
sabuletorum Bsd. Unicoloured earthy brown. Markings as a rule only faintly discernible. Sagittate marks
at the best only indicated. Claviform stigma faint, usually almost extinct, orbicular and reniform stig¬
mata faintly marked, costa barely paler. Hindwings of 3 as well as $ impure pale brown, considerably adum¬
brated from margin inwards. Abdomen of same colour as hindwings. Early stages unknown. S. Russia, Urals,

Sarepta, Djarkent. July.

E. marcens Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 29 under decora). According to Hampson and Warren synonymous with marcens.
decora Schiff. I had a 3 before me ex the Pungeler Collection from Kasikoparan, Armenia. This is where
Christoph had obtained his original specimens, which had been captured by Korb and classified as marcens
when sent to Pungeler. The specimen however is identical with the preceding terrestris. According to the
illustration of Kozhantschikov, Ann. Ms. Zook Acad. Sc. URSS. 1929, PI. XXVI, fig. 41, marcens can
well be related to decora. The transverse bands and the pale hindwings indicate this. Ko zhantschiko.v treats
marcens as a separate species.

28

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

monoiona.

recussa.

uncarpa.

cnixa.

culmini-

cola.

robiginosa.

canariensis.
are facia.

ncvadensis.

conspicua.

osih eider i.

proleuca.

obelisca.

E. monotona Kozh. Described by Kozhantschikov from a single $ from Naryn, July 1908 and illus¬
trated in the Ann. Ms. Zool. Acad. Sc. URSS. 1929, PI. XXIV, fig. 17. Is said to most closely resemble
marcens Chr. Forewings grey, markings indistinct. Interstice between the lines much smaller than in marcens.
All nervures dark. Orbicular stigma almost black, claviform stigma faint, reniform stigma indiscernible. Hind-
wings pale grey, a dark band at margin, fringes white. Underside grey-white, forewings darker than hindwings.

E. recussa Hb. (Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 6 k) (= telifera Donz .; florigena Ev. ; transsylvanica H.S.). Illus¬
tration too blue-violet, it should be considerably more fuscous with vinous suffusion. Specimens from the
Ili territory, Altai, Naryn etc. are much paler, sometimes quite brownish yellow. Ova globular, irregular,
pale sulphur yellow without ridges. Larva typical subterraneous larva, pupa yellow-brown with two delicate
cremaster spines.

E„ uncarpa Kozh. Illustrated Ann. Ms. Zool. Acad. Sc. URSS. 1929, pi. XXVI, fig. 40. Very similar
to recussa Hbn., but more inclining towards the hilaris-foeda group. Grey with no admixture of brown. In
contrast to recussa the basal line near the dorsum under the claviform stigma is angidated and not straight.
The terminal border of reniform stigma is almost straight, slightly bent inwards, whilst in recussa it bulges
sharply outwards. Area between the submarginal and terminal lines narrower than in recussa. Hindwings
unicoloured grey. Caucasus, where according to Kozhantschikov recussa does not occur. In August.

E. enixa Pnglr. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 6 h). Hindwings somewhat paler than in illustration, which otherwise
is quite good. Many specimens have hindwings just as dusky as medium coloured nigricans. Early stages
unknown.

E. culminicola Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 6 e). Without a direct transition from recussa, as the next fol¬
lowing sjiecies. Varies considerably. The specimen illustrated in the main Volume 1. c. is very dark. Specimens
occur of almost orange yellow colour, again with almost unicolourous grey and all intermediate shades. Also
markings vary, for instance the transverse lines vary considerably. Sometimes they are very distinct, at others
almost extinct. Similarly the stigmata. Besides occurring in the Tyrol and Switzerland, also occurs in Italy
(Apennines, Dannehl) and in S. France (Larche, Struve). It is a high mountain insect. — ab. robiginosa Dhl.
denominates specimens with bright fuscous to bronze coloured ground colour. — Early stages: Ova deposited
singly or in batches, yellow-white without ridges. Larva typical subterraneous larva, maggot like, dorsal and
subdorsal scarcely perceptible, ashy grey, punctiform warts indistinct. Pupa pale brown with 2 cremaster spines
in a frail earth cocoon.

E. canariensis Rbl. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 b). The illustration is too fulvous, the stigmata usually have
much paler centres, hindwings similarly are paler grey. 1 am illustrating the species again (3 k tf) Teneriffe.
February-March. - arefacta Rbl. according to the author denominates the form from the eastern Canary Islands,
paler, brownish, hindwings of pure white, without outer arched line on underside. East Canary Islands, Fuerte-
ventura. February. Early stages unknown.

E. nevadensis Corti (3 k J type). Similar to canariensis Rbl. and conspicua Hbn. and about the same
size as former. Less brightly coloured than canariensis, inner transverse line almost straight, hindwings uni¬
coloured white-grey. Sierra Nevada, Spain. June-Jidy. Early stages unknown.

E. conspicua Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 6 h). The illustrated there figures a specially grey and clearly
marked specimen. Generally conspicua is more brownish to brown, markings sometimes very diffuse and
scarcely discernible. The species varies considerably, compare for instance the aberration designated abscon-
clita Warren illustrated on pi. 6 i in main Volume. According to Kozhantschikov it occurs also in Japan,
besides the countries mentioned in main Volume. Flight in May-July, in Asia Minor also in October, there¬
fore clearly in 2 generations. Early stages unknown.

E. osthelderi sp. n. (3 k <$ type). A large species reminding one of conspicua Hbn. but probably more
closely related to aquilina Schifj. (Vol. 3, job 6 k). Varies in colouration from mouse-grey to reddish brown, also
in markings. Costa more or less paler. Claviform stigma usually very outstanding, generally there is a double
inner and outer transverse line, also a pale oblique streak from claviform stigma towards the outer transverse
line. Sagittate spots as a rule very prominent. Orbicular and reniform stigmata similarly with whitish centres.
Hindwings uniform grey-brown with wide whitish margin. Underside of wings glossy grey-white, shaded
duskily in discoidal area of forewings, hindwings with distinct discoidal spot. Turkestan, Kyssyl-Yart, Ili terri¬
tory, Saisan. Early stages unknown.

E. ( ?) proleuca Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 f). Highly probably a genuine Euxoa, according to Tams the
abdomen of the type is broken, antennae identical with those of obelisca. A deep crater on the clypeus.

E. obelisca Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 h). A difficult group of forms, which still requires research.
The ab. fictilis Iibn. (Hubner’s fig. 710) (Vol. 3, pi. 5 i) illustrated in main Volume is no obelisca form. It
belongs to the temera group = v. hubneri Brs. The ab. ruris Hbn. (Vol. 3, pi. 5 i) should also not be grouped
to obelisca, but to temera (vide there), similarly the ab. villiersi Gn. (Vol. 3, pi. 5 i). The illustration in ques¬
tion is unrecognisable, compare pi. 3 c. Whilst obelisca does not vary very greatly, it is often very difficult

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

2!)

to separate certain forms from tritici, aquilina and villa. The Spanish specimens seem to form a separate race.

The ab. carbonis Warr. (Vol. 3, pi. 6 a) is a form of hastifera Donz. (vide there). — corsicola Corti (3 1 E type), corsicola.
A very nice local race occurs in Corsica concurrently with type form. Generally smaller and much more
brightly marked, colour more inclined to be grey to grey-brown, the light transverse bands well developed. Costa
and stigmata a delicate yellowish like the transverse bands, subterminal line absent or very faint, outer mar¬
ginal area very dusky. Corsica, July. Schawerd a suspects this form is a separate species. In the main Volume
its occurrence is referred to as “except Great Britain and Scandinavia. “ I possess a series of specimens from
England and have also seen some from Scandinavia (Nordstrom), which cannot be differentiated from obelisca.

Except the larva and pupa which are similar to those of tritici L., the early stages are unknown.

E. vitta Him. (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 b). The illustration represents a $, I am illustrating a E (3 1) from vitta.
Hungary. This is a much debated and in my opinion doubtful species. In my collection I have british
(Forres), french (Larche) and german (Gonsenheim) specimens which I am unable to differentiate from hun-
garian specimens. The same difficulty with specimens from Kuku-Noor. Further vitta is reported from Tran¬
sylvania and Bosnia (Spuler). A relationship with tritici-obelisca-recussa is obvious. The species should be
revised. It is quite likely that the specimens occurring in the Tyrol form a good local race. July- September.

Ova irregular, deposited separately or in batches, yellow-grey without ridges. Larva typical subterraneous
larva, similar to those of temera, liastijeia and eruta. Pupa yellow-brown to red-brown with 2 diverging short
cremaster spines.

E. hemispherica Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 26,
obelisca Schifj. Cyprus.

pi. 12 a). According to Tams a genuine Euxoa. Antennae as hemi¬
spherica.

manm.

E. (?) westermanni Stgr. (3 1 ^ type). Great confusion prevails in literature in regard to this species, wester-
In the main Volume (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11 b) it is indicated as westermanni = wockei Mschl. = scropulana Morr.
which is incorrect. What Warren described and illustrated is scropulana Morr. = moeschleri A. B.-H. but
not ivestermanni Stgr. The type of westermanni Stgr. is in the Museum at Copenhagen. According to Hen-
riksen it has a projection on the clypeus and can therefore not be a Euxoa. I am illustrating the species

from a $ from Labrador, which I hold to be the genuine westermanni. — polaris A. B.-H. which I have yolaris.

examined, also has a projection on clypeus, the genital apparatus could unfortunately not be examined. The
specimen illustrated shows the projection on clypeus, but there is no actual crater. American authors (Mc-
Dunnoitgh) also consider ivestermanni to be a Euxoa. Until further material is available it will be difficult
to decide this question.

Section V : Male antennae heavily pectinated, pectinations ciliated (length of pectinations and extent
of ciliation varies).

E. cursoria Hujn. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 6 g). A species subject to extraordinary variation and this has cursoria.
given the opportunity for a number of denominations denoting aberrations. Besides almost unicolourous ochre-
ous forms, forms occur through grey to brown and rufous. Markings also vary to an extraordinary degree,

specimens occur almost devoid of markings and again with most pronouncedly contrasting markings, almost

white costa, very distinct stigmata etc. Probably the almost red-brown form from Berlin, the Baltic Provin¬
ces, Russia and Sarepta and also in England and denominated hitherto as ab. obscurior Stgr. (3 1^ type) is obscurior
a definite variety. The variety currens Stgr. which is generally darker, more sharply marked and less sub¬
ject to variation (3 1 ^ ) occurring in Ulias, Korla, Ili territory, Transbaikal, is according to Filip jef synonym¬
ous with detoria Ev. According to Kozhantschikov the ab. sagittata Stgr. (= sagitta H.-S. [4 a <J]) is a
genuine separate species. The ab. vaga from Ulias established by Staltdinger is a variety of adumbrata Ev.

(Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 b). Although Tutt has introduced already a number of unnecessary denominations for
aberrations, still more have been added. — f. m iiJleri Hand is a sagittata without inner and outer subterminal mullcri.
lines. — f. nigrovittata Hand, buff, interstice between inner and outer subterminal lines dark brown. The nigro
dark colour extends to inner margin, area above subcostal nervure yellowish. — f. nigrescens Hand is black-
brown with exception of a delicate pale yellow edge to orbicular and reniform stigmata, as well as submargi¬
nal line. — cursoria occurs chiefly on sand and particularly in coastal regions. However it is found in the
Valais and further besides the localities mentioned in the main Volume, also in the roman Campagna (Dax-
nehl) and in Dalmatia (Ribbe).

vittata.
nigrescens.

E. (?) inclusa sp. n. (4a E type). Pale reddish brown, sagittate marks distinct, outer and inner inclusa.
transverse lines double, the former forming a sharp angle outwards towards the inner margin. Subterminal
line pale, distinct, dentate. Orbicular and reniform stigmata pale, brownish with dark area between them.
Marginal line consisting of dark lunules. Fringes same colour as forewings. Hindwings unicoloured brown,
fringes paler. Underside uniform pale brown with faint band on both wings, slightly heavier on hindwings,
a marginal line formed of small lunules, discoidal spot very distinct especially on hindwings. Persia.

E. (E) beatissima Rbl. Perhaps best classified here. Similar to conspicua Hbn. (Vol. 3, pi. 6 h) and beatissima.
also to canariensis Rbl. from which however it can be immediately differentiated by the shorter pectinations

30

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

of the antennae. Ground colour of forewings vinous brown, stigmata larger than in canariensis. Thorax vinous
grey. Fore wings very elongated, stigmata with pale vinous grey centres. Orbicular stigma very elongate.
A black streak extends from base, claviform stigma indistinct, subterminal line indistinct. Marginal line fine,
black. Hindwings brown-grey, paler in £. Teneriffe. Early stages unknown.

caiervaria. E. catervaria Corti (4 a cotype). I introduce this species here, as it may be the original form from

which the following cos Won. evolved although it has antennae with heavier pectinations and denser cilia than
cos. Similar to this sjiecies, forewings wider, hindwdngs larger and rounder, fringes of forewings paler, limbal
line much clearer, outstanding and yellowish. As a rule a distinct collar. $ like the <$, hindwings somewhat
darker. Kuku-Noor, Alexander Mountains, Ivorla, Tien-shan. Early stages unknown.

cos. E . cos Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 6 i) (4 a $) (= tephra Bsd., nagyagensis Frr., vacillans H.-Schdfj.).

Subject to fairly heavy variation and a number of aberrations have been named. The illustration in the
main Volume is too pale, it figures the v. millieri Stgr. I am therefore illustrating cos again, cos is a southern
species, it occurs besides in the lands mentioned in the main Volume also in Bosnia, Transylvania, Herze-
millieri. gowina, the hungarian Carpathians, Tunis (W arren). — millieri Stgr. is in my opinion identical with v. crimaea
A. B.-H. and v. mesopotamica 0. B.-H. i. 1. millieri is much paler than cos, the black spots of transverse band
on costa stand out more clearly, the head is more whitish and hindwings similarly much paler (greyer) than
cycladum. in cos. Crimea, S. Russia, Syria, Italy (Abruzzi, Sicily), S. France. — The form cycladum Stgr. (4 a <$) originates
from Greece (Naxos) but specimens from Italy (Rebel), the Adriatic Islands (Galvagni), Algeria and Spain
aphc. can also be classified here. Smaller, fore wings reddish grey. — In regard to the form aphe Mab., which pro¬
bably belongs to cos, nothing fresh can yet be said. The type is completely defective. New denominations
unamunoi. of aberrations are as follows : — f . imamunol Fdz. very pale and quite unicoloured, a mere colour aberration
erubescens. of cycladum. — - ab. erubescetis is the name given by Dannehl to specimens of millieri with pale red tone
purificaia. and faint markings from Italy and — ab. purificata denotes specimens flying concurrently, which are almost
completely without markings, only a minute trace of the surrounds of the stigmata being still discernible.
Of the early stages there is no description of the ova and pupa. The larva resembles that of decora Schiff.

pundifem. E„ pursctifera nom. nov. Corti (= squalida Ev. nec Gn.) (Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 7 a). The illustration is good.

punctifera is in my opinion a genuine species that varies little and does not belong to sabuletorum Bsd. Fore-
wings grey-brown almost unicoloured with dusky spot markings towards outer margin. Orbicular and reni-
form stigmata scarcely visible with faint white edges. A dark spot or streak on the median nervure belowr
the reniform stigma is characteristic. A dark costal spot often occurs above the reniform stigma. Hindwings
rarely almost white, usually with heavy adumbration, especially along the veins. Underside of wings with
distinct discoidal spots. S. Urals, Sarepta. Early stages unknown.

sabule- E. sabuletorum Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 7 a). The illustration is not good, it would be better as figuring

torum. a form of aquilina. I am therefore having the <$ type of Boisduval illustrated on pi. 4 b. Fore wings uni¬

coloured brownish grey, orbicular and reniform stigmata distinctly prominent by their blackish edges, clavi¬
form stigma of same colour as wings, faintly edged by darker line. A few dark spots on costa of forewings.
A line of black crescent marks in front of margin of fore and hindwings. Hindwings pure white with faint
discoidal spot. Underside of forewings brownish with a faint arched line and very distinct discoidal spot,
hindwings impure white with small dark discoidal spot. Sarepta, also from the Altai according to Kozhan-
tschikov, Central Asia, Turkestan, Ili, Issyk-kul. Early stages unknown.

joeda. E„ foeda Led. (Vol. 3, p. 32) (= nigrina Stgr.). According to Kozhantschikov’s, Filip jef’s and my

own opinions, is a separate species from sabuletorum Bsd. and is a genuine species. Illustration 4 b q . Similar

to sabuletorum Bsd. forewings almost unicoloured grey-brown, inner and outer transverse lines distinct, dark,
especially the double inner line. Orbicular and reniform stigmata only faintly prominent. Hindwings white or
impure white. Discoidal spot absent or only faintly indicated in the specimens in my collection. Underside of
forewings paler than in sabuletorum, otherwise the same. Underside of hindwings white with brownish dusting,
Discoidal spot faintly visible. Sarepta, also Altai, Caucasus, Crimea, according to Ivozhantschikov. Early
stages unknown.

robiginosa. E, rofoiglsiosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 6 c). Forewings almost unicoloured pale to dark red-brown with

obsolete markings, stigmata indistinct with dark edges, transverse lines rarely occur and when they do only
faintly. A blackish limbal (lunule) line before the pale fringes. Hindwings of $ almost pure white, much dark¬
er in Thorax as forewings, abdomen grey-white. Underside of forewings glossy light grey-brown with
extinct dark median spot and darker transverse line. Underside of hindwings impure white in generally
darker outwardly. Palestine, October-November. The illustration in the main Volume illustrates a heavily
marked specimen. Early stages unknown.

heringi. E„ heringi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 29) (4 b <$). Similar to the former species but paler, not reddish but grey-

brown. Basal and outer transverse lines and also reniform stigma generally dark, sometimes however quite

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

31

absent, outer margin somewhat darker, grey. Similarly marked to decora Schijf. Hindwings impure white with
dark outer margin, underside mostly quite unicoloured impure white. In isolated specimens there is a dark
discal lunule and a dark transverse line beyond same on underside of forewings. N. Persia, Pontus, end of
July. — signata Stgr. from Asia Minor, Zeitun is more heavily marked (al. ant. distinctius signatis) but this
may be only an aberration. Early stages Unknown.

La decora Schijf. (= nebulosa Hbn. nee marcens Christ.) (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. G d). Subject to great varia¬
tion and has therefore given rise to numerous denominations denoting aberrations. The most generally named
— ab. livida Stgr. is mentioned by the author as a variety (multo obscurior, al. ant. obscure plumbeo-griseis,
al. post, nigrescenti-griseis). This is said to be the form from the Swiss Alps and Caucasus, but livida occurs
everywhere where decora occurs and is certainly only a colour variaton. On the other hand — splendida
Trti. and Vrty. (= albidecora S.-R., calcaria Dhl. i. 1.) (4 b S) from Central Italy (Abruzzi etc.) is a good
variety. It is the almost silvery white form of decora. Now and then same is adumbrated to a leaden grey,
but never of the same colour as alpine forms. Also in the darker specimens, head and thorax retain their
silvery white. The form also occurs in S. France (Digne, Larche). - decorata Neuburger is certainly only an
aberration, unless perchance the decora from Vienna form an actual local race. The specimens generally have
wider wings and are paler than alpine insects. — f. nivalis And. pale grey, somewhat yellowish, stigmata
with distinct edges and — ab. flavorenalis Bub. with all wings glossy smooth leaden grey without greenish
colouration, both pure colour aberrations, as also — ab. flavomaculata Schaw. specimens with distinct yellow
stigmata. — simplex Trti. and Vrty. is a unicoloured pale pearly grey form without transverse lines and stig¬
mata from the italian Maritime Alps. To be added to the localities named in the main Volume we must in¬
clude the Pyrenees, Bosnia, Herzegowina, Caucasus, Urals, Spain (Sierra Nevada), Moravia and Lappland
(Ribbe). Ova grey-brown or earthy grey without ridges. Larva typical subterraneous larva, yellowish grey
with dark dorsal line, small dark warts and black stigmata. Pupa according to Wild red-brown with 2 cre¬
master spines in an earthen cocoon.

E. deeorans Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 40). (4 b S) (According to Warren = nyctymerina Stgr., subdecora Stgr. decorcms.
Iris IX, p. 353.). Is a genuine Euxoa but somewhat doubtful species. Not identical with nyctymera (Vol. 3,
p. 51 as simulatrix Hbn., pi. 12 e) which is not a Euxoa. Clearly related to decora Schijf. or even more so with
birivia Schijf. However the pectinations of the antennae are somewhat shorter and the cilia more directly
attached to the shaft. Colour as birivia, stigmata yellowish, tegulae yellowish. Uliassutai.

E. parnassiphila Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 29).

E. birivia Schijf. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. G c) (= honoratina Donz. nec. dolis Grote). Besides the countries birivia.
of origin mentioned in the main Volume it also occurs in the Crimea (Kozhantschikov), Armenia (St au-
dinger?), Illyria (Stauder), Bukowina, Galizia, Bavaria, Regensburg (Jungling). birivia occurs in the Alps
and also in the plains. Flight July- August. Early stages unknown. — taurica Stgr. should be withdrawn accor¬
ding to the type of Staudinger, as this is a $ specimen belonging to sollers Chr. Under this designation
specimens which were fairly unicoloured and which emanated from Asia (Issyk-kul, Naryn, Aksu etc.) were

sirjnala.

decora.

livida.

splendida.

decorata.

nivalis.

flavo-

renalis.

flavo-

maculata.

simplex.

offered by dealers and which should be classified to the form

Stgr. i. 1. which is however flavi

without yellow stigmata. Such specimens however often occur under flavisignata. There is no doubt that jlavi-
signata is a genuine race, I am illustrating a striking S (ph 4 c). This form is subject to considerable variation
in marking and colouration. — - plumbina Wgnr. (= Agrotis plumbina Wgnr.) (pi. 4 c cotype) from the plumbina.
Ili territory, I do not hold to be a separate species, but at the best a race of birivia. Markings somewhat
diffuse, hindwings in sex brownish. The almost pure white body hairs etc. of birivia are here a pronounced
brownish, antennae somewhat more slender, less heavily pectinated. — sueticola Simla from the Sudetes with suclicola.
“colouration of forewings inclining to yellowish” I deem to be a simple aberration in spite of its “isolated
occurrence”. Such yellowish specimens also occur in the Valais etc. Early stages unknown.

E. fraudulenta Corti (4 c $ type). Similar to birivia Schijf. but much larger. Wings wider and rounder, fraudu-
Inner transverse line double, claviform stigma elongate, sulphur-yellow mixed with grey, similarly the orbi- lenia.

cular and reniform stigmata. The latter large and diffuse. Outer transverse band double, heavily dentate,
irregular. Dark crescents before the margin. Hindwings unicoloured grey-brown. Underside of wings glossy
grey, hindwings with fairly heavy arched band and distinct discoidal spot. Tarsi with pale and dark ringlets.

N. Thibet, Kuku-Noor.

E. cuprina Stgr. ( = glabra Corti i. 1.) (Vol. 3, p. 42, pi. 12 c) (4 c <$)■ The illustration in the main Volume cuprina.
is not good and I am illustrating the species afresh. It is a genuine Euxoa and should be classified close to
birivia, markings are very similar, but it has coppery brown forewings. Korla, Central Asia; August.

E. ( ?) sublata sp. n. (4 c type). Smaller than birivia, similar in form and marking. Forewings reddish sublata.
brown and unicoloured except for the stigmata. Outer transverse and subterminal lines faintly indicated.
Orbicular stigma small, round, of same colour as wings but with pale yellowish edge. Reniform stigma larger

32

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

achyricola.

iniolc-

rabilis.

predotae.

nigricans.

riikricans.

nyctopis.

lcuijarensis.

adumbraia.

vaga.

latcbrosa.

goetria.

of the same colour and edge. A pale marginal line, fringes of same colour as wings. Hindwings almost uni¬
coloured, heavily adumbrated, somewhat paler in median area. Distinct discoidal spot. Fringes impure white.
Underside almost plain grey- white. Fore wings with a shade, discoidal spots indistinct. Altyn-tag, Alexander
Mountains, Aksu.

E. (?) achyricola sp. n. (4 d type). Similar to decora but smaller. Forewings narrower, more pointed,
inner transverse line situate further outward. Hindwings impure white, thorax pale grey. Underside of wings
much paler than in decora, arched stripe almost completely absent. Northern Syria, Marash; July (Peiffer).

The following species classified as Euxoa in the main Volume under Section IV, p. 28 etc. do not belong here but
to subsequent Genera: submolesta Ev., cursoriodes Hmps., viguraea Pglt., moechilla Pglr., subdecora Stgr., clauda Pglr., gri-
sescens F. , parnassiphila Stgr., cucuna Pglr., decor atci Stgr., simploma Stgr., constanti Mill., trux Hb., seditiosa Pglr., nili
Baker, nigrita Graes., solida Ersch., iristis Stgr., sulcifera Chr., arenosa Stgr., lidia Cr., xanthoides Hmps., honesta Stgr., duo-
sigma Hmps., informis Leech and exclamationisL .: on the other hand oberthuri Leech, intracta Wkr. and impexa Pglr. are
Euxoa of the following Section:

Section VI : antennae of the <$ with short pectinations with cilia.

The following species without a direct transition from the last species of the preceding Section.

E. intolerabilis Pnglr. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 6 h) (= percurrens Corti i. 1.) The illustration is good, only
as a rule the markings are less distinct and the colouration more monotonous. Early stages unknown.

E. predotae Schaw. (4 d $). Somewhat like intolerabilis Pnglr. and still more like fissa Stgr. but dif¬
fers from the latter by the more pronounced markings and a violet golden colour tone. Antennae are coarser
and thicker than in intolerabilis and fissa. Transverse lines double, a dark marginal band is present, that
is absent in intolerabilis . Claviform stigma scarcely indicated. A few small yellowish spots on costa of fore¬
wings. Hindwings grey-brown with distinct discoidal lunule. Underside of wings almost unicolourous dark
grey with distinct arched band and dark discal lunule on hindwings. Ussuri, Siberia, Mongolia (Urga, Kozh.).
August- September. Early stages unknown.

E. nigricans L. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 6 h). ( = fumosa Him., rustica H.-S., ursina God., fuliginea Hbn.,
carbonea Hbn., uniformis Rgt., oppidicola Krul. sec. Koziiantschikov and Filipjef). The specimen illustrated
in the main Volume is a relatively reddish one, as a rule nigricans is much darker, very often quite black,
so that the markings are scarcely discernible, nigricans varies in colour and marking quite considerably, so that
a large number of aberrations have been denominated (vide main Volume). Chiefly it is the transverse bands
and the stigmata that vary, sometimes they are absent, sometimes more or less visible, now black and again
white or orange or prominent in some other way. The most striking form is — ab. (ab. et var. sec. Stgr.)
rubricans Esp. with pale reddish wings. This form occurs everywhere among nigricans and is therefore simply
an aberration. Perhaps the japanese nigricans forms a genuine subspecies. They are larger, darker, very
often with reniform stigma with red or reddish centre. It occurs besides in Central Europe, in England and
W. Asia, also in Spain, Italy, the Balkans, PTrals and E. Asia. Of the early stages, the ova are not described.
The brown pupa in an earthern cocoon with 2 cremaster spines.

E. (sec. Tams) nyctopis Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. G i). The illustration is too grey, the colour should be
much more red-brown, the markings are too distinct. The species is perhaps only a reddish nigricans race
from Kashmir. The form mentioned by Hampson as ab. 1 with dark brown forewings and transverse lines edged
with whitish has been named - kuijat’ensis by Strand.

E. adumbrata Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 b). Related to nigricans and tritici. Kozhantschikov considers
adumbrata to be a subspecies of lidia Cr., which is erroneous, lidia has quite different antennae and entirely
different genital organs than adumbrata. On the other hand I am of the same opinion as Christoph and
Sptjler that the v. polygonides Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 28) is a genuine separate species. — vaga Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 30)
(4 d C) (— Integra Corti i. 1.). This form, hitherto always classified as a variety of cursoria, should actually
be classified to adumbrata. It is a completely pale brown, almost luteous form of adumbrata. Staudinger already
questioned whether vaga should be placed with cursoria. The variety originates from the Ulias and also Thi¬
bet. The early stages of adumbrata are unknown, Graeser thinks he can remember that the larvae have
great similarity to those of fennica Tausch. Flight: June- July.

E. latebrosa sp. n. (4 d <$ type). Similar to adumbrata but much paler, almost pale grey, the mark¬
ings much more distinct, stigmata with white centres, margin of forewings grey, of hindwings white. The
latter also in $ sex much paler, sometimes completely white in <$. Claviform stigma almost always distinct,
blackish to black, the cell between orbicular and reniform stigmata filled with black creating a likeness to
recussa. No sagittate spots present. Naryn, Turkestan. Early stages unknown.

E. goetria Kozh. (4 d <$). Antennae of with rather frailer cilia than adumbrata. Very similar to this
species, has a dark, sharply outlined streak from base of forewings to beyond claviform stigma. Orbicular
and reniform stigmata edged with black outwardly, with white inwardly, orbicular stigma is open at upper
end. Transverse lines more or less distinct, sagittate spots almost always present. Hindwings grey, at base

Publ. 26.1. 1032

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

paler, whilst being darker in outer area. Underside of hindwings with heavy discoidal spot and a dark arched
stripe. A very variable species. Semipalatinsk, Siberia (Kozhantsciiikov), Aksu, Issky-kul, Ulias, Turke¬
stan (Corti).

E. phantoma Kozh. According to Kozhantschikov himself this can scarcely be differentiated from phantoma.
adumbrata Ev., nevertheless he separates same on account of minute differences in the E genitalia and because
of the erroneous impression that islandica and adumbrata have filiform antennae. In my opinion certainly
synonymous with adumbrata. S. E. Siberia, July-August.

E. sjostedti Corti (4 e $ cotype). Outwardly resembles obscura Brahm but it is a genuine Euxoa. Fore- sjdstedii.
wings reddish brown with faint dark markings. Basal line and streak barely visible, inner tran verse line double,
heavily dentate, claviform stigma indistinct, orbicular stigma large sometimes filled with greyish white, reni¬
form stigma very large. Outer transverse line dentate. Hindwings pale grey, much adumbrated towards
outer margin. A distinct discoidal spot. Underside almost unicoloured grey-brown. A large pale brown
discoidal spot on hindwings. Kamschatka, August.

E. polygonides Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 28) (4 e E)- Compare under adumbrata. Antennae considerably more P°hi-
shortly serrate and ciliate than in adumbrata Ev. Pale grey-brown, lines very clearly outlined. Sagittate marks
present. — ab. obscura according to Staudinger denotes dark specimens. Caucasus, Issyk-kul, Ili (v.). obscura.

E. tritici L. (Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 6 k). On account of the extraordinary degrees of variability in colouration tritici.
and marking, this is a very difficult group of forms. A great number of aberrations have already been named
as will be seen from main Volume. A few of these aberrations may prove to be species, tritici also seems to form
fairly constant variations and local races. The following remarks should be made to the aberrations enumerated
in main Volume: — aquilina Schiff. is a separate species, also eruta Hbn. and siliyinis On. ; detorta Ev. and varia
Alph. do not belong to tritici but to the Sub-Genus Mesoeuxoa ; — disiincta Stgr. is a form of aquilina, similarly
ab. obscurior Stgr. The other denominations of aberrations by Tutt and other english authors appear to me
absolutely unjustified, as they only refer to quite unimportant colour and marking aberrations and cannot be
clearly separated from one another, subgothica Hw. (to be changed into pseudogothica according to Curtis) is
perhaps a geniune local race in England and possibly also sagittifera Step}). (Vol. 3, p. 32). — • v. (?) pseudo- pseudo-
gotllica nom. nov. Curtis (4 e $) is smoky grey to grey-brown with pale costal margin with whitish spots on same; gothica.
— ■ sagittifera Steph. (4 e) is similarly pale with black or very dark cell between orbicular and xeniform stigmata sagittifera.
and with pale costa. — ab. obelisca Steph. and other british* authors (Vol. 3, p. 32) is not clear to me, it might obelisca.
actually possibly be obelisca Schiff. The subdivision of tritici forms is so difficult that I will limit myself to the
description of a few forms which appear to me to be definitely genuine races. — irssulana /. nov. (4 e p type) is insulana.
a very characteristic form of the Isle of Sylt, which at first glance has great similarity with agathina Dup. Dark
red-brown, paler costa, with white dots, orbicular and reniform stigmata pale, filled with whitish, encircled by
black, the space between the stigmata dark. Claviform stigma dark, subterminal line whitish, sagittate marks
usually present. Hindwings white, dusky at margin and on veins. Isle of Sylt, July. — r elsseri /. nov. (4 f E reisseri.
type). Pale grey-brown, costa paler to whitish. Reniform and orbicular stigmata whitish, cell between them
dark, claviform stigma large, brown with dark edge, obliquely downwards from same a pale brown stripe,
median nervure whitish, marginal area darker, sagittate marks present. Hindwings pale grey-brown with
white ground, a dark marginal line, fringes white. Discoidal spot is absent or exceedingly faint. Sierra Nevada,

Spain. — ab. fumosoides Culot (Oberth. i. 1.) is a dark red-brown simple colour aberration from Brittany. fumosoidcs.

E. crypta Dadd (4 f E)- Very similar to tritici L. but smaller, wings with a red, violet-red or bluish slate crypta.
tone to ground colour . Thorax generally darker than wings. Markings more or less as in tritici. Wing contour
shorter and wider. Hindwings darker than in tritici. In colouration more like obelisca Schiff. than tritici. On the
wing later than tritici, chiefly in 2nd and 3rd week in August. E genitalia do not differ from those of tritici. This
species requires further investigation. From around Berlin, Pomerania, E. Prussia, August. Early stages
unknown.

E. eruta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 6 k). Very probably a genuine species and not merely a form of tritici. eruta.

In the Valais it is more frequent than tritici ; in many districts where eruta occurs, tritici appears to be absent,
for instance in some of the valleys of the Tyrol. On the other hand eruta seems to be absent from Spain and
Italy. The exact distribution has still to be ascertained. Ova irregular, unicoloured yellowish white, without
grooves. According to Vorbrodt larvae are larger and darker than those of tritici. In certain respects it differs
in its biological characteristics from other Euxoa (Corti). Pupa red-brown in a frail cocoon, with 2 cre¬
master spines.

E. siliginis Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 32) (4 f E)- Clearly a genuine species. Ground colour mouse-grey, somewhat siligmis.
brownish in patches, colouration and marking uniform, sometimes stigmata stand out whitish. Outer transverse
line double, dentate, frequently a marginal line of small black lunules is present. Claviform stigma is absent,

Supplementary Volume 3 5

34

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

rangnowi.

diaphora.

riphaea.

philippsi.

corlii.

fulla.v.

sulcifera.

costae-

vittata.

clari-

costata.

opipara.

sagittate marks generally also. Hindwings white, sometimes impure white and occasionally with dark margin.
A dark marginal line, fringes white. South France, Spain, Caucasus'?, Sarepta ? Early stages unknown.

E. rangnowi sp. n. (4 f £ type). Larger and of greater expanse than tritici. Similar to vitta Him. Fore¬
wings pale red-brown intermixed with white. Costa dusted with white, also orbicular and reniform stigmata,
white spots on costa. A black basal streak, the cell below same dark brown, attached to same the very dark,
large claviform stigma. Outer transverse line faint, double. Subterminal line whitish, distinct sagittate marks.
Hindwings of almost pure white, abdomen grey-white. No discoidal spots. LTnderside without bands and

markings. South Urals, Guberli, July. Early stages unknown.

E. diaphora Brs. ( = capita Corti i. 1.) (4 g type). Stouter and more compactly built than tritici L.

Fore wings much wider, dark red-brown, markings distinct, median nervure dusted whitish. Orbicular and

reniform stigmata small, filled with pale brownish, inner and outer transverse lines, dark claviform stigma, paler
subterminal line. Sagittate marks present. Hindwings pure white with scarcely any black margin, sometimes
however margin very dusky. Underside of wings pale, hindwings almost white, both with a marginal line
consisting of small lunules. Sarepta, southern Urals, Sebastopol. Early stages unknown.

E. riphaea Bart. (4 k rf). Similar to tritici, but still more so to deserta Stgr. and homicida Stgr. in size,
colour and marking. Forewings uniform grey-brown, transverse lines very indistinct, marginal line yellowish.
Antennae as in tritici. Hindwings almost pure white with very faint dark marginal line. Underside of wings
as in tritici but paler, homicida Stgr. has more heavily pectinated antennae. Urals, August. Early stages unknown.

E. philippsi Corti (5 a C type). Similar to the previous species and to homicida Stgr. Antennae like
homicida. Hindwings pure white as riphaea Bart. Underside of forewings with distinct and rather large brown
central spot, homicida and riphaea have hairy scales and scales on thorax, whilst philippsi has mainly only
scales which widen considerably upwards and have a short protruding spine in the indentation. Sarepta.

E. cortii Wgnr. (4 g £ cotype). Similar to homicida Stgr. Differing from same by the pure white hind¬
wings in both sexes. Antennae much less heavily ciliate and pectinate than in homicida and deserta. Forewings
paler or darker sand (or clay) coloured, sometimes as if powdered over with flour. Extinct transverse lines in
basal and marginal areas. Stigmata outlined by fine but distinct dark lines. Reniform stigma always filled
with dark scales at its lower extremity. In marginal area a pale subterminal line which is shaded with brownish
towards the base. Marginal line yellowish; sharply, defined sagittate marks. Undersides of fore and hindwings
whitish with silky gloss. Central lunule shadowlike or absent. Early stages unknown. Inner Anatolia. August
and September.

E. fallax Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 33) (4h $). Palpi white, underside white with inclination to dusky grey,
forewings whitish grey.

E. sulcifera Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 33). According to Kozhantschikov, this is no genuine Euxoa.

E. costaevittata Wgnr. (4 g $ cotype). Varies to a considerable degree. Grey to blue-brown. Forewings
with wide pale costal streak, distinct blackish spots between orbicular and reniform stigmata. In place of
claviform stigma, a small black spot displaced towards the base and a row of distinct blackish sagittate marks
in front of margin. Hindwings in both sexes pure white with very fine marginal line which may be absent.
Underside white with silky gloss, darker specimens with brown suffusion at apex and at marginal area of fore¬
wings, as well as a shadowy arched line there. Central lunule only indicated, generally quite absent. Resembles
vitta Him. Early stages unknown. Inner Anatolia.

E. claricostata Corti (4g J type). Similar to tritici L. Grey to blue brown; paler costa; reniform and
orbicular stigmata with whitish circumference and pale centres, claviform stigma large, but generally rather
obscure. Median nervure whitish from reniform stigma to base. The oblique pale stripe downwards from
claviform stigma, which is generally characteristic of aquilina forms, is nearly always distinct. Sagittate marks
present, they are situate in a paler patch and are edged by a whitish undulate line outwardly. A fine yellowish
marginal line, fringes dark. Hindwings of $ almost white, somewhat darker at edge and along veins, in $
considerably darker. Underside of forewings dusky, of hindwings whitish with a fine discoidal dot on same.
Early stages unknown. Urals, Sarepta, July and August.

The classification here of the following 3 species is perhaps not correct, possibly they should be placed
to islandica Stgr., but more probably they are related to north american species.

E. opipara Morr. (Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 6 i). This is not synonymous with norwegica Stgr. Warren’s de¬
scription can be supplemented as follows : reminds one of well marked specimens of vitta. Basal area often with
heavy white patches, inner transverse line undulate, double, edged with whitish inwardly; outer transverse line
clearcut, dentate outwardly. The area between the two transverse lines dark, the outer area is then pale like

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

60

the basal area. Subterminal line is absent, sagittate marks faintly indicated here and there. Hindwings uni¬
formly mouse-grey, discal spot barely visible, a mere indication of a band. Underside of wings unicoloured grey,
sometimes with very pronounced arched stripe. Hindwings with dark central spot. Early stages unknown.

Labrador, Gieenland, Canada, North America.

E. dissona Msclnlr. (4 h §) according to Hampson = rara Pack. Forewings pale blue-grey, no dark dissona.
longitudinal streak from base, basal line short, it does not extend to inner margin. Inner transverse line double,
edged with dark outwardly, outer transverse line also double with pale outward edge and finely dentate.

Orbicular and reniform stigmata with pale grey centres, the space between the stigmata blue-grey. Claviform
stigma grey, scarcely visible, sometimes completely absent. Subterminal line can barely be discerned. Hindwings
uniformly grey with distinct central spot. Underside of all wings uniformly grey with faint transverse stripe.
Hindwings with a dark central spot. Early stages unknown. Labrador.

E. drewseni Stgr. (4 h £). A somewhat uncertain species. I am illustrating a G, which with the exception drewseni.
of the size corresponds precisely with the type (type in the Museum at Copenhagen is 29 mm according to
Henriksen, my specimen measures 35 mm). Perhaps this is only a local race or aberration of dissona Mschlr.
Forewings impure ash-grey, markings similar to cur soria Hufn., otherwise there is scarcely any difference
between dissona Mschlr. and drewseni Stgr. The two specimens in Staudinger’s original collection certainly
represent islandica forms. Greenland.

The species classified as Euxoa under Section V, p. 34 etc. of main Volume with the exception of
amoena Stgr. should not have been classified as Euxoa and they will be dealt with in later Genera.

Section VII : antennae faintly serrate, serrations ciliate.

E. karschi Graes. (4 h 9)- Classified in main Volume on p. 43 as Rhyacia. A somewhat uncertain species, karschi.
The specimen preserved in the Berlin Museum as Graeser’s type is a $ and not a <$• karschi is certainly related
to islandica f. rossica Stgr. and with adumbrata Ev. Staudinger has already presumed this to be the case
( islandica ? ab. karschi). Also Hampson holds karschi and rossica Stgr. to be synonymous, just as Staudinger
also with islandica ab. nigra Stgr. According to the description of Graeser the fore wings are elongated, the
Berlin specimen and the specimen that I am illustrating, which is practically identical, appear to have rather
broader wings. Amur, Ufiassutai, Changai etc.

E. oberthiiri Leech (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 c). According to Filipjev, this is synonymous with tritici f. oberthiiri.
obscurior Stgr., which is certainly not a fact, obscurior is an aquilina form, whilst oberthuri belongs to the
islandica group. The antennae vary considerably, the hindwings are never so unicoloured grey-brown in
obscurior as they are in oberthiiri. Early stages unknown. Japan, West China.

E. ? norwegica Stgr. (5 a G type). A hotly debated species. According to Warren (Vol. 3, p. 32) it is norwegica.
synonymous with ? of opipara Morr., according to Ivozhantschikov with islandica Stgr. But neither is correct,
to judge by the type in the Berlin Museum. Hampson deems the species to be doubtful, norwegica corresponds
most to pale specimens of nigricans L. from England, but the antennae are entirely different, being much less
heavily pectinated. The species corresponds to certain forms of tritici but here again the antennae are quite
different. Forewings grey- black, orbicular and reniform stigmata are ash-grey, inner and outer transverse lines
more pronounced than either in islandica or tritici , the black lunules in front of the fringes are heavier. Upperside
of hindwings impure white at base gradually changing to grey-black at outer margin. Underside of forewings
with dark disc, hindwings with fairly large black dot at end of central cell. A distinct dark transverse line is
present. The species described as Agrotis nov. spec, (without name) by Wocke E. Z. Stettin 1864 p. 181 refers
to a different species; Hampson thinks this is perhaps opipara Morr. I Described by Staudinger from a single
A from Fogstuen, Norway, captured in August.

E. derasa sp. n. (4 h G type). A smaller species with similar narrow forewings and clearly related to the dcrasa.
genuine islandica Stgr. from Iceland. Forewings of G are coppery red-brown, almost unicoloured with a dark
basal streak, also a pointed claviform stigma circumscribed by black. Inner transverse line indistinct, double,
undulate outwardly. Outer transverse line indicated. A pale subterminal line before margin, anal area somewhat
darker, sagittate marks absent. A pale, yellowish marginal line, fringes dark brown peppered with pale patches.

Orbicular and reniform stigmata small with pale brownish centres and dark circumscriptions. Hindwings impure
pale brown, fringes white. A distinct discoidal streak is present. Thorax of same colour as forewings. Abdomen
pale brownish as the underside of wings. Underside of hindwings much paler, darker at costal margin with
an arched stripe indicated. The 9 9 are often much darker, stigmata more prominent. Early stages unknown.
Uliassutai, Thibet, Transbaikal.

E. islandica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 7 b, islandica and rossica). A very complicated group of forms, which islandica.
varies exceedingly. Most of the later authors hold rossica to be synonymous with v. rossica Stgr., nigra Stgr.
and also with karschi Graes. (Hampson). Staudinger’s original specimens came from Iceland and represent

36

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

rossica.

labrado-

ricnsis.

yarkenda.

tristis.

sub¬

conspicua.

piingeleri.

rebcli.

mastelina.

relatively small, partly distinctly marked specimens. The illustration in the main Volume is quite good of one
form, I am illustrating here (4 i) a further, different specimen of the 5jh With such a degree of variation it is
difficult to give a proper description, I am therefore quoting Stattdinger’s diagnosis, which taken together
with the illustrations, should suffice, more especially as there is no other species from Iceland, for which same
could be mistaken: ,,m. grisea, alarum antic arum margine antico, maculis duabus fascia que exteriore albicantibus;
antennis maris subpectinatis. Magn. 30 — 40 mm. d1?. Var. a. alis anticis concoloribus, fuscescentibus. d$-££

- Larva lives subterraneously, head with yellorv ground colour, body dull grey, a fine pale dorsal line, situate
in a central stripe of the ground colour, laterally a wide yellow obscure longitudinal band. Hair warts strikingly
dark. Scutellum glossy brown. Pupation at the end of June in an earthy cocoon. Pupa brown with one or two
cremaster spines. July — August. Iceland, islandica is said, according to various authors, to occur elsewhere,
for instance Alpheraky maintains it occurs in Turkestan, Corea and Ivamschatka, Attrivillitjs says it occurs
in Greenland, Labrador, Livonia and Siberia. It is true that one finds specimens in those countries which cannot
be differentiated from islanclica. Nevertheless I consider the subdivision of — rossica Stgr. to be justified. I am
illustrating (4 i d) a specimen of rossica that has been compared with Staudinger’s original. This form is
generally much larger than islandica , up to 43 mm, forewings and chiefly hindwings are wider and more rounded,
the illustration in the main Volume (7 b) is not good. Saisan, Margelan and apparently the whole of Asia to
Vladivostock. Statjdinger has separated the form of islandica from Labrador as — labradoriensis. I am illu¬
strating a specimen from Labrador (4 i as I consider it highly probable that a genuine subspecies occurs there.
Ground colour pale ashy grey without a trace of brown. Outer transverse line prominent, forewings with
distinct linrbal streaks, hindwings with distinct central lunule on underside. As already remarked islandica varies
quite considerably and there may be genuine races among the immense material placed at my disposal. In fact
there may be distinct species, but I content myself with mentioning the very striking form (species?) from
LTliassutai, Aksu, Sidemi, Irkutsk, Yarkend, which I introduce as — yaikenda (A. Bang-Haas i, 1.) (4 i d type).
It differs by the very distinct inner and outer transverse lines, as well as by the distinct pale subterminal line
and the striking orbicular and reniform stigmata with their whitish centres. Sagittate marks distinct. The
islandica f. nigra Sigr. most probably belongs to Icarschi Graeser.

E. trisfis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 33) (4 i d)- Sec. Stgr. : „an tritici forma Darw. ?“ It is characteristic in typical
specimens that besides the entirely differently shaped antennae to tritici, there is a segment-like long dark-
(luna) transverse streak on underside of hindwings. Kozhantschikov deems tristis to be a subspecies of varia
Alph. which I do not consider correct after an examination of the d genitalia, tristis is a genuine Euxoa, whilst
varia is a typical Mesoeuxoa. Dauria, Mongolia, Siberia (Minussinsk).

E. subconspicua Stgr. (4 k d)- In Vol. 3, p. 29 Warren places E. confusa Alph. as synonymous with
subconspicua Stgr. This is erroneous, confusa Alph. is synonymous with squalida Gn. and should be placed in an
entirely different Genus. It resembles a small conspicua, ground colour grey-brown, varies however considerably,
quite dark specimens occur. Transverse lines as in conspicua, the black sagittate marks as a rule more numerous
and more sharply marked than in that species. Hindwings dark grey-black with almost white fringes. Antennae
less heavily pectinated than in conspicua. Palpi, legs and abdomen as in that species. In the $$ markings are
usually more clearly marked, all transverse lines darker and more prominent. Ferghana, LTlias, Ivorla, Ili
territory, Issyk-kul, Turkestan. July. Early stages unknown.

E„ piingeleri Wgnr. (5 a $ type) (coll. Philipps, Cologne). Similar to subconspicua Stgr. and mustelina
Chr. Differs from both chiefly through the darker hindwings. A black or dark streak between the reniform
stigma and the outer transverse line seems to me to be characteristic in the $ type. Further there are 2 distinct
black sagittate marks, which however are not very distinct in the $ type. Underside fairly uniformly yellow-
grey with distinct discoidal lunules on both wings and a dark arched line. As on upperside a row of clearly
defined black limbal dots before margin. Forewings yellow-brown, darker in the the transverse lines clear
and blackish; a faint subterminal line is present; stigmata rather indistinct. Ili territory, surroundings of
Djarkent.

E. (?) rebel! Wgnr. (5 a d type) (coll. Philipps, Cologne). Related to mustelina Chr. Forewings clay*
coloured, yellow brown, two dark transverse lines, a pale subterminal line with dark shaded outline on both
sides; stigmata dark grey-brown (lead-grey), orbicular and reniform stigmata with light outline, claviform
stigma indicated. Hindwings impure yellowish white, darker in basal area. Underside of same colour as hind¬
wings, these have a distinct central lunule and a diffuse shadowy band before margin. Ili territory, sur¬
roundings of Djarkent.

E. muslelina Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 7 a). The illustration was not good, I am therefore giving same
afresh (4 k A). Head, thorax and forewings pale grey-brown. The inner transverse line consists chiefly of minute
blackish striations and dots, the outer one generally indistinct, often almost absent; orbicular stigma paler
than forewing. Reniform stigma usually indistinct, the space between the two often blackish. Subterminal
line distinct, dentate, yellowish brown. Black dots before the margin; sagittate marks often more or less present.
Marginal line pale, yellow-grey. Hindwings of d pale, whitish, somewhat dusky at margin, rather more yellow-
grey in $. Underside similar to cursoria. The original specimens originate from Sliakuh, Persia, quite similar

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Cortj.

specimens occur however also in Altai, Pontus, Hi territory, Aksu, Issyk-kul, Turkestan. The species seems to
vary considerably in marking, it is cprite possible that there are several new species or at all events subspecies
hidden here. Tor instance a pale form — mustaga O. B.-H. i. 1. from Yarkend is perhaps a genuine race. It mustaga.
occurs in July. Early stages unknown.

E. centralis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 7 a) (= nmstelina v. centralis Stgr. [obscurior, distinctius signata] centralis,
mustela Stgr.). According to Ko zhantschiko V this is a distinct genuine species. The illustration in main
Volume is not good, I am giving a fresh illustration (4 1 $). centralis is much more darkly and distinctly marked
than nmstelina , the reniform stigma is generally more clearly marked, the space between orbicular and reniform
stigmata is darker, the transverse lines distincter, double. The central shade is occasionally very pronounced
and stands out darkly. Underside of hindwings often has a very distinct lunule. According to Kozhantschikov
mustelina is a west central asiatic species, whilst centralis is an east central asiatic kind. But many transitions
to mustelina are known. Issyk-kul, Hi territory, Saisan, Turkestan, according to Ko zhantschiko v also Asia
Minor and Siberia.

E. assymetrica Kozh. This is unknown to me. According to the author it must be classified after assymetrica.
centralis. It is a small species, ground colour pure grey with darker grey markings. The position of the 2nd
and 3rd transverse lines is typical for this species; the 2nd goes straight to the dorsum, the 3rd only bends
outwards at costa, otherwise it proceeds obliquely downwards; neither of the lines is undulate, central shade
quite pronounced, dark and almost straight. Subterminal line faintly undulate. Fringes pale grey, white on
dark hindwings. Underside pale grey with scattered darker scales. Lunule spot quite absent on upperside,
scarcely perceptible on underside (extract from the original description). Georgia, Kodshori, captured
23rd August 1908.

E„ flavogrisea sp. n. (= flav'a Corti i. 1. 4 k). The name flava was not a happy choice, as the ground flavogrisca.
colour of forewings is a dull ashy pale colour and I am therefore revising the name. Orbicular and reniform
stigmata are very distinct, the former sometimes very small, like a light dot. Both stigmata with dark circum¬
scriptions. The cell before the orbicular stigma and the space between same and the reniform stigma are more
or less filled with brown. Costa of forewings somewhat paler. Basal line scarcely perceptible, on the other hand
a brownish basal streak, usually there is no inner transverse line and when it is present, same is quite indistinct.

Claviform stigma brownish. Usually the outer transverse line is also absent. There is a row of distinct sagittate
marks. Fringes of same colour as forewings; hindwings uniformly grey-brown, somewhat paler in centre.

Fringes white. Underside almost uniformly grey-wliite. Hindwings somewhat paler, usually with dark
discoidal spot. Central Asia, Kara-Murun, C'hotan, Aksu.

E. basigramma Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 b). Varies considerably in colour; besides the reddish grey l>asi-
form from Sarepta, from where the original specimens emanate, there are very dark to almost black forms and
very pale, grey and blue-grey (not reddish) forms. Hindwings are sometimes in pure white, sometimes pure
white. The orbicular stigma that is always open towards the costa, is characteristic and the black basal streak
is always more or less distinct. Wagner has separated the blue-grey (not reddish) form with almost pure white
hindwings as — v. pallidior. This form appears to be the predominant type in central Asia. However such pallidior.
specimens also occur in Sarepta. — hyreana 0. B.-H. i. I. subsp. n. (5 a $ type) is a very nice race from North hyreana.
Persia, which strikes one immediately by its sandy to reddish yellow coloured forewings. Hindwings pure white.

The distribution of basigramma lies between S. E. — USSR., Urals, Sarepta, Thien-Shan, Issyk-kul, Ferghana,

Tarbagatai and according to Koziiantschikov also Bokhara, S. Siberia and W. Mongolia. A specimen before
me from the Bukowina requires confirmation as to its occurrence there. Eaidy stages unknown.

E. ( 1) ptivigna Pglr. (5 b $ type). Forewings light grey without gloss, in colour somewhat like tamerlana privigna.
Hmps. Basal streak much less distinct than in basigramma and not extending beyond the inner transverse line.

Middle cell filled with black, stigmata pale grey, orbicular stigma elliptical, claviform stigma not visible except for
a distinct black hook below the orbicular stigma, fringes whitish grey. Hindwings white. Underside whitish, fore¬
wings with small central spot and pale centre. Hindwings with quite faint central lunule. Atshan. E. Turkestan.

E. apocrypha sp. n. (4 1 type). Similar in markings to basigramma, orbicular stigma also open towards apocrypha.
costa, which is scarcely paler. Fore wings almost uniformly brownish grey, stigmata more or less prominent.

The black basal streak which is characteristic of basigramma and related forms, is quite absent. Hindwings
impure white. I have a large number of these in my collection from Naryn and a few from the Urals. Alphe-
raky and Stattmnger consider these specimens doubtful and suppose they are variations or aberrations of
basigramma, from the Thien-Shan territory and from Ivuldja, but without giving any reasons.

E. inipexa Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 29) (4 1 J1). Resembles grisescens f. liyrcana Stgr., but has nothing whatever impexa.
to do with same. Forewings a monotonous earthy grey, transverse lines clear, blackish, the inner one slightly
arched, the outer one proceeding around the reniform stigma and touching the lower end of same, then somewhat
obliquely to inner margin. Stigmata indistinct, fringes grey with paler basal line. Hindwings dull grey, somewhat
darker at margin. Discoidal spot faint, elongated. Underside grey-blue with very indistinct central spots and
diffuse dark arched line. Aksu.

E. (?) praesaga sp. n. (4 1 <$ type). Similar to a small cos Hbn., about the size of cos f. cycladum Stgr. praesaga.
Forewings a monotonous sandy grey with yellowish tinge. Thorax similarly. Markings faint but distinct;

38

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

bogdanovi.

teacna.

amoena.

lapidosa.

sibirica.

iniracla.

uniformis.

japonica.

basal line absent or only indicated by spots; inner transverse line somewhat oblique towards margin, indicated
by dark arched line, outer transverse line usually dentate outwardly; orbicular and reniform stigmata faintly
prominent, with blackish edges to the right and left. Claviform stigma is absent or only faintly indicated.
Subterminal line faintly indicated by a shade with a pale edge outwardly. Sagittate marks are absent. Dark
crescents before margin, fringes of the same colour as forewings. Hindwings grey-white to grey-brown. No
discoidal spot. Underside almost unicoloured impure white, forewings slightly dusky brownish especially in
centre. Crimea, Sarepta, Askhabad.

E. bogdanovi Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 a) (= Leucania bogdanovi Ersch. = Hiptelia grumi Alph.) (41).
Forewings delicate yellowish, somewhat like L. vitellina Him., but still paler. It differs from same by the
narrower and differently marked forewings. These have 2 narrow, indistinct stripes of rusty red colour, orbicular
and reniform stigmata of the same colour, a rusty red central shade is present, hindwings yellowish white. W.
Turkestan, Ferghana, Issyk-kul. August. Early stages unknown.

E. leaena Pglr. (5 b). Sandy yellow inclined to reddish, transverse lines single, delicately marked and
faintly dentate. The inner one somewhat oblique, the outer one incurved under the slightly more darkly
discernible reniform stigma. It proceeds almost at a rightangle in an interrupted but straight line to inner
margin. Hindwings dusted with grey, basal area, fringes and a very narrow stripe before margin being yellow.
Underside monotonous yellow with fine arched line. Reminds one of similis Stgr. and heringi Chr. Ferghana.

Section VIII : Antennae of <$ only ciliate.

E. amoena Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 e). The illustration in Vol. 3 is quite good, only in most specimens
the inner transverse line is less distinct and the dark spot in the reniform stigma paler. This is also the case in
the type. Hindwings impure whitish yellow, abdomen yellow to yellow-grey. Resembles constanti Mill.,
however in some specimens it is almost exactly like bogdanovi Ersch. It can however easily be differentiated by
the entirely differently formed antennae. Armenia, Asia Minor, Turkestan. In autumn. Early stages unknown.

E. lapidosa Graes. (Vol. 3, p. 52) (5 b £). A larger species, reminding one of conspicua Hbn. and simulans
Hufn. Much darker than the latter, forewings very elongate. Ground colour dark grey-brown with 2 double
transverse stripes. These are paler in centre and edged with blackish outwardly. Basal line present, but often
scarcely discernible. Orbicular and reniform stigmata large, paler than ground colour, reniform stigma often
with yellowish white centre in the edge towards the outer margin. Claviform stigma not always distinct, pale
with blackish circumscription. Subterminal line is absent, there is often an undulate line before margin
consisting of yellowish white spots. Hindwings and fringes of all wings dark smoky grey, the latter with very
indistinct dark dividing line on forewings, on hindwings with whitish tips. Underside paler grey, arched line
usually absent, sometimes however very distinct, both wings with blackish discoidal lunule. Head, thorax and
upperside of abdomen dark brown-grey. Siberia, Pokrofka. Irkutsk, Vladivostock, Transbaikalia. July.
Early stages unknown.

E. (?) sibirica B. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 12 h). The illustration there is unsatisfactory, I am therefore
illustrating (5 b) Boisduval’s $ type, sibirica can scarcely be differentiated from certain forms of lapidosa
Graes. and Filip jev considers them both synonymous. Graeser’s type of lapidosa is a small $, by which
according to Filip jev, Graeser was misled into establishing his lapidosa. In my opinion it is quite possible they
are the same, but as Boisduval’s type shows a completely smooth Irons (which however can of course happen
in one and the same species of Euxoa), sibirica should be retained as a doubtful species. Siberia, Ussuri, Corea
(according to Staudinger).

E. intracta Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 c). Similarly a large species, very like the previous one but much
more red-brown. Compare the description in the main Volume. Described from North India, but occurring also
in Thibet, China and Japan. Early stages unknown. Strand has described the following 2 aberrations: -
ab. uniformis: forewings uniformly dark or reddish brown without darker sprinklings and ab. japonica: head,
thorax and body uniformly black-brown not peppered with darker scales, the grey rings outlining the charact¬
eristic stigmata being sharply pronounced; hindwings whitish with brown veins and marginal area. In my
opinion these are simple colour variations.

The following species classified as Euxoa under Section V in the main Volume are no Euxoa at all and
will be dealt with later: decussa Stgr., dijficilis Ersch., marcida Chr., eremicola Stdfs., clara Stgr., ignara Stgr.,
singular is Stgr. (the 4 last named belong in the Genus Dichagyris), peperida Hmps., opisoleuca Stgr., forficula
Ev., forcipula Scliiff., exacta Stgr., glaucescens Chr., turbans Stgr., signifera F ., celsicola Bell., improba Stgr. (the
7 last named species should be in a Genus by themselves), haifae Stgr., spissilinea Stgr., multicuspis Stgr.,
aequicuspis Stgr. and pygmaea Hmps.

Subgenus Mesoeuxoa subgen. nov.

Already in 1925 at a meeting of the Swiss Natural History Society I reported that there were a number
of socalled Euxoa having one prong of the $ clasper sometimes half the length and even shorter than the other.

MESOEUXOA. By Dr. M. Corti.

39

Eilipjev drew attention to this fact again in 1927. I believe that this very constant occurrence in the species
in question justifies establishing a new subgenus, for which the formation of the claspers, as mentioned above,
is characteristic. In other respects the species of the subgenus do not differ morphologically from Euxoa. They
have a more or less pronounced protuberance or crater on the frons (more frequently than is the case in Euxoa ,
a completely smooth frons is found in specimens of the same species). The antennae in most of the species so far
discovered are pectinate or ciliate. Biological data are so far only known of M. lidia Cr. In this regard it is
remarkable that the ova of lidia are grooved, whilst this is not the case in the ova of species of the Genus
Euxoa that are so far known.

M. variegata Wgnr. (5 a). Very* similar to islandica f. rossica Stgr. and also arenacea Kozh. Rather variegcda.
smaller than islandica, nicely marked, reddish blue-brown, with wide yellow-white costal streak extending to
the reniform stigma. A dark basal streak, dentate double inner transverse line, brown-black claviform stigma
and from same a yellow-white streak obliquely downwards almost to inner angle. Median nervure pale, standing
out prominently. Orbicular and reniform stigmata large with yellowish centres, the cell between them dark
brown, marginal area and inner margin of forewings paler than the ground colour. Subterminal line pale,
usually with heavy dark sagittate marks. Fringes yellow-brown. Hindwings brownish, paler in centre with
distinct discoidal lunule. Outer edge of fringes almost white. Underside pale brownish admixed with white,
a bold discoidal lunule on all wings. Faint indications of an arched line here and there. Central Asia, Samarkand,
Issyk-kul, Djarkent, Ussuri. Early stages unknown.

M. lidia Cr. (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 c). Very closely related to the following inexpectata Alph. and perhaps lidia.
only the west european form of same, lidia has no relationship with adumbrata Ev. (Iyozhantschikov assumes
that adumbrata is a subspecies of lidia). lidia appears to vary little in markings and colouration, now and then
one finds paler, almost buff specimens, sometimes the white costal streak extends beyond the reniform stigma.

Also the outer area can be paler and the central area very dark, lidia occurs in June- July, but has also been
taken in October (2nd generation?). Ova straw coloured, grooved. Larvae are subterraneous, grey-black in
colour with a greasy gloss. Scutellum grey-black, divided in middle by yellow-white. Feeds on dandelion,
grass and other low growing plants. Pupa in a frail earthen cocoon, cremaster with 2 spines. The moth is
attracted to light and sugar. Hitherto only found in north Germany and Holland (Hamburg, Jutland, Luneburg
Heath, Westphalia, Bremen and Brunswick). Cramer’s note that his specimen originated from Surinam must
be due to an error.

M. inexpectata Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 33). Alpheraky describes this species as a variety of lidia Cr. It is inexpec-
not as dark as lidia, the white patches of lidia are replaced in inexpectata by a pale ashy grey. The thorax is
more grey than in lidia, basal area is also ashy grey and not black, similarly the costa, and stigmata. Reniform
stigma even has a brown centre. Besides this Alpheraky mentions a characteristic that is absent in lidia, there
is a pale stripe from the claviform stigma to the inner angle (such as in variegata Wgnr.). Kozhantscvhikov has
described a species — arenacea, which he first mentioned as Euxoa inexpectata f. arenacea , then he and Filip jev arenacea.
considered this arenacea synonymous with inexpectata, which is probably right, arenacea varies considerably,

I am illustrating a cotype (5 b C). arenacea is much more red-brown, therefore inexpectata would more likely
be an aberration. The only $ type of Alpheraky originates from Sidemi, Siberia, arenacea is known from many
localities, Urga, Minussinsk, Irkutsk (Kozhantschikov), also Kamschatka (Corti). Early stages unknown.

M. distracta sp. n. (5 c). $ antennae pectinate and ciliate. Has the appearance of a small inexpectata distracta.
being abt. 3 1 mm, as against 36 mm. Colour and marking as in inexpectata, in many specimens somewhat more
grey, in others darker, markings more distinct, especially on hindwings. The inner transverse line is straight,
not dentate as in inexpectata, on the inner margin of forewing it extends sharply outwards, forming a sort of a
second lower claviform stigma, the outer transverse line scarcely dentate at all outwardly. Underside like the
species named, but the lunule on hindwings forms an acute angle. Kyssyl-Yart, Seening, Thibet.

M. deficiens Wgnr. (5 c d)- d antennae serrate and ciliate. A somewhat larger species than the former deficiens.
and very similar to same, grey-brown, more sharply marked than distracta. Inner transverse line double, inter¬
rupted, inner edge pale, outer dark. Outer transverse line similarly double, inner edge dark, outer light. A pale
undulate subterminal line, which is absent in distracta. Hindwings paler brownish, underside almost monoton¬
ous grey-brown with distinct arched stripe on both wings. Discoidal spot on underside of forewings like a
streak, on hindwings arched. Central Asia, Turkestan. Early stages unknown.

M. ( ?) detorta Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 32). This seems to me to be an uncertain species. Staudinger classifies detorta.
detorta as ? v. to tritici. Hampson and Warren place it as an aberration of tritici with reddish ochreous colour,
pale brown costa, distinct lines and prominent stigmata. According to Filipjev detorta, of which the only
known $ type is in the Museum at Leningrad, is synonymous with currens of cursoria Stgr. Erschoff deems
detorta to probably be a variety or local form of tritici L. The type comes from Kiachta, eastern Siberia,

varia.

minima.

filipjevi.

sparsa.

subvaria.

opporiuna.

divulsa.

nomas.

40. MES0EUX0A. By Dr. A. Corti.

other specimens (?) are reported from Mongolia. I do not agree that there is any proof that it is identical
with currens.

M. varia Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 32) (5 c <$). According to Staudinger v. (et ab.) of tritici L. (al. ant. vitta
costali, venis, maculisque distinctius albidis, an. v. praec. [ab. subgothica Hw.~\ satis distincta?). Alpheraky
describes varia as a variety of tritici. Ground colour very dark, sometimes almost black. Costa, median nervure
and stigmata more or less white. Sagittate marks present. Hindwings grey-brown with distinct discoidal
lunule. antennae scarcely pectinate only cilitate. Eringes of hindwings impure white. Central Asia, Altai,
Siberia. Early stages unknown.

M. (?) minima Kozh. Described by Iyozhantschikov as Euxoa from a single $ with unknown collector
and date. It is said to be closest to subconspicua Stgr. and varia Alph. Ground colour of upperside grey-brown,
underside pale grey. Markings clear. The 1st two transverse lines not typical, white and black, the 3rd curved
inwards and heavily dentate. Orbicular and reniform stigmata whitish grey, claviform stigma distinct. Sub¬
terminal line white with black cuneiform stripes. Hindwings dusky grey. Discoidal spot absent. Underside
devoid of markings. Expanse: 29 mm. Turkestan. (According to Iyozhantschikov.)

M. (?) filipjevi Kozh. Decribed by Iyozhantschikov from a single $ which is in bad condition (!). It
is also said to be very close to varia Alph., being somewhat larger. Ground colour of forewings dusky grey,
basal line faint, double, dark, between the Vena basalis and dorsum of the wings a loop mark is formed towards
the termen. Costal margin very light. Orbicular stigma impure white, open towards costal margin. Reniform
stigma darker. A black patch between the stigmata. Postmedian line double. Cuneiform marks fainter than
in varia. Hindwings dusky grey. Underside greyish, discoidal spot faintly indicated. Related to subconspicua.
(According to Ivozhantschikov.) Altai. August. Probably a £ of varia Alph.

M. spat'sa sp. n. (5 c). E antennae shortly pectinate and ciliate. A pretty little species. Ground colour
of forewings grey-brown, costa, median nervure, orbicular and reniform stigmata whitish, stigmata with
brownish centres. Central area of wings paler. Basal area dark in middle, almost black, inner transverse line
whitish, claviform stigma short, compact and dark, outer transverse line pale. Distinct sagittate marks in very
dark marginal area. Eringes pale, brownish. Hindwings impure white, no discoidal lunule, margin somewhat
darkened, fringes as wings. Underside of forewings pale grey-brown with faint discoidal spot, hindwings impure
white with faint central spot. Sarepta. Early stages unknown.

M. subvaria sp. n. (5 c). Very similar to a small subconspicua. <$ antennae shortly pectinate and ciliate.
Ground colour ochreous brown, similarly orbicular and reniform stigmata which have brownish centres and
black circumscriptions. The space between is scarcely darker, but there is a dark central shade. Inner and outer
transverse lines are double, the latter dentate outwardly. Sagittate marks distinct. Marginal line dark, fringes
sprinkled with grey-brown, separated from margin by a yellowish line. Hindwings grey-brown, paler towards
the centre, fringes almost white, no discoidal spot. Underside monotonous brownish white with distinct arched
stripe on all wings, hindwings dusky at margin, discoidal spot and lunule scarcely visible. Aksu, Ulias. Early
stages unknown .

M. opporiuna sp. n. (5 d). antennae pectinate and ciliate. This nice little species reminds one somewhat
of accuminijera Ev., but also of varia Alph., only the ground colour is a brownish buff. Some specimens are
yellow-brown to almost red-brown. In some specimens the moth looks as if it were white, marbled with brown.
Costa brightly pale as far as orbicular stigma, inner transverse line wide, yellowish white. Orbicular and reni¬
form stigmata whitish with brownish centres and dark circumscriptions. Outer transverse line double, inner one
blackish, dentate with white outward edge. There is then a pale area in which there are numerous sagittate
marks. Marginal area darker, margin of small black lunae, fringes sprinkled with grey-brown. Claviform stigma
indistinct, as if cut off towards base. A pale oblique stripe from same towards the inner angle. Hindwings
grey-brown, paler in centre, lunule reflects through. Underside impure grey-wliite. Forewings and hindwings
with arched stripe, on the latter it is formed of spots. Margin of fore wings consists of small lunae, discoidal
spot and lunule distinctly present. Kuruk, Chotan, Central Asia. June. Early stages unknown.

M. divulsa sp. n. (4 k). antennae pectinated and ciliate. Somewhat larger than the previous species,
somewhat like subconspicua but much paler and more buff. Transverse lines as a rule distinct, double. The inner
one with dark edge outwardly, the outer one with dark edge inwardly and heavily dentate outwardly. Orbicular
and reniform stigmata always more or less filled with whitish. Fairly distinct sagittate marks at outer margin.
Hindwings uniformly grey-brown, marginal line yellowish, fringes white, a distinct, angular discoidal spot
present. Underside glossy, grey-white, hindwings paler, dusky at margin. Distinct discoidal spots on all wings.
Issyk-kul, Aksu, Altyn-tag.

M. (?) nomas Ersch. (5 d cf). There are only 2 specimens before me, the one from the Pungeler
collection in Berlin, the other ex my own collection. This is denominated oschi Stgr. and Staudinger is said
to have disposed of several specimens under this i. I. denomination. I am not at all certain as to the synonym,

Publ. 26. V. 1032.

EUXOA. By Dr. A. Corti.

41

nor as to whether the systematic position here is correct. Hampson places nomas among the species not dealt
with by him, as a doubtful Orosagrotis (protuberant frons, all tibiae with spurs, head and thorax covered with
hairs). These characteristics are certainly present and nomas also resembles quieta Him., but still more Agroti-
phila staudingeri Mschlr., with which perhaps it is related. Kozhantsciiikov has examined the <$ genitalia and
places nomas in the Genus Euxoa, but according to the illustration nomas appears to be a genuine Meseuxoa.

The species is a small one of abt. 22 — 23 mm expanse, 26 — 27 mm according to Erschoff. Forewings and
fringes dark ashy grey, basal line indicated by dark spots, the inner and outer transverse lines darker and more
distinct with light edges, orbicular and reniform stigmata whitish with brownish centres, marginal area between
the outer transverse line and the distinct sagittate marks much paler. Hindwings ashy grey, somewhat darker
towards margin, fringes white. Underside pale ashy grey, a distinct band over both wings, more pronounced
on forewings. Antennae of <$ shortly clavate instead of serrate and with long, dense pencillo-fibriatae. Ferghana,

Turkestan in July.

M. complicata sp. n. (5 d £ type). A larger species, abt. 42 mm. Antennae of $ very heavily serrate and complicala
ciliated. Forewings almost uniform grey-brown, thorax similarly. No collar. Claviform stigma obsolescent also
the basal transverse line, inner line distinctly double and pronouncedly concave, orbicular and reniform stigmata
are scarcely visible being of the same colour as the wings with faint dark circumscriptions. A very pale faint
subterminal line is present, marginal area being slightly darker. A clear yellow marginal line in front of which
are small black lunules. Fringes somewhat paler than the wings. No sagittate marks. Hindwings monotonous
brownish white, somewhat darker towards the margin; a yellow marginal line, fringes impure whitish. Underside
of forewings glossy grey-brown, hindwings impure whitish, a band is indicated on same by dark streaks along
the veins. Naryn, Turkestan.

M. determinata sp. n. (5 d type). Slightly smaller than the previous species. Antennae of £ serrate deter-
and ciliated. Thorax and forewings pale grey-brown, basal area and costa grey. Basal line indicated by a few minala
distributed spots, inner and outer transverse lines distinctly visible, double, the outer one curving sharply
inwards at inner margin. Claviform stigma scarcely visible, orbicular and reniform stigmata pale with blackish
surrounds, the former round, the latter with black inner edge, almost open outwardly. Long and distinct
sagittate marks. A blackish marginal line. Hindwings uniformly dull brownish grey with distinct angulated
discoidal spot. Fringes impure white. Underside pale, dusky grey-brown with heavy discoidal arc on fore¬
wings. Tien-shan.

M. fissa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 b). The illustration was poor, it is being repeated on pi. 5 e. A medium fissa.
sized species, antennae of bipectinated, somewhat like in distinguenda Led. In colouration fissa seems to
vary considerably. Staudinger speaks of a dusky dark grey colour of forewings, specimens from the Province
Irkutsk, of which one is being illustrated, are brown to red-brown. The inner transverse line is double, very
distinctly marked, sagittate marks are absent, median nervure pale. For other remarks compare Vol. 3. Apart
from the antennae it might easily be mistaken for a small recussa Him., which possibly has induced the synonv-
mising of decussa Stgr. with recussa Hbn. by Hampson. However decussa is neither an Euxoa nor a Meseuxoa.

Wing expanse 31 — 35 mm. Uliassutai, Siberia, Turkestan.

M. foeda Led. This species which I erroneously classified under Euxoa (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 30) should be focda.
placed with the subgenus Meseuxoa according to the structure of the copulation organs.

M. hilaris Err. (= conifera Chr.) (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 6 i). Although this species varies considerably, the hilaris.
illustration in the main Volume is not satisfactory and it is being repeated here (5 e). To be added to Warren’s
description in the main Volume is that the transverse lines are usually very distinct. Forewings are inclined
to reddish-brown rather than grey, claviform stigma generally distinct, hindwings pale grey-brown. Underside
with distinct lunules and more or less pronounced bands on both wings. Freyer’s type originated from
Constantinople. Specimens from Persia, which are somewhat darker are denominated by Strand as ab. persiae. persiae.
Their claviform stigma is extinct, but this also occurs in hilaris and this designates Hampson’s ab. 2. The forms
denominated by Warren from the Urals and having white hindwings must refer to some other species. In
regard to the — ab. incognita Stgr. mentioned in the main Volume, both Hampson & Warren have erroneously incognita.
classified same with hilaris ; incognita is a genuine species and synonymous with seditiosa Pglr. and elaborata
Corti i. 1. This is a genuine Acjrotis ( Feltia ) and is dealt with in that Genus. Asia Minor, Armenia, Persia,
Turkestan, Altai, Siberia, Amur. It flies by day in June-Augusf. Early stages unknown.

M. biscajarsa sp. n. (5 d, <§ cotype). Antennae of finely pectinated and ciliated. Similar to a tritici L.. biscajana.
differing from same however by the entirely differently formed antennae. Fore wings pale reddish brown (it
may be presumed that darker specimens also occur) intermixed with brown, basal line not visible, a dark basal
streak is present, inner transverse line faint, claviform stigma distinct and from same to anal angle there is a
wide pale streak. Orbicular stigma smaller than the reniform stigma, both with pale centres and somewhat
dark circumscriptions. Outer transverse line faint, darkly indicated on veins. A marginal line formed of dark
lunules. Hindwings impure white with dusky dustings on veins and at margin. A darker brown marginal line.

Supplementary Volume 3 6

42

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti.

rjaboivi.

rasilis.

claiicla.

expugnata.

Underside glossy, impure white peppered with brownish. Discoidal spot indicated on both wings, both wings
have a marginal line of small dark lunules. Spain, Santander.

M. rjabowi Kozh. (5 e G). According to Ko zhantschiko v closest to hilaris Frr. and belongs to Meseuxoa
according to an illustration of the d genitalia. Antennae of d ciliated and faintly serrate. Entire ground
colouration is grey, markings on wings very distinct, all lines outlined by whitish. Transverse lines I and II are
undulate, the latter very pronounced with a concave arc at its lower extremity. Orbicular and reniform stigmata
whitish grey, claviform stigma darker, all with black surrounds and the former conjoined by a white streak.
The third transverse line as usual, faintly dentate. Subterminal line white with black cuneiform streaks.
Terminal line black, fringes pale grey intersected by black. Hindwings paler at base, lunar mark prominent,
fringes white. Underside grey, lunar spot crescent shaped. Expanse 33 — 35 mm (according to Kozhaxtschi-
kov). Occurs at end of August at Daghestan, Kurush Mountains.

M. rasilis sp. n. (5e d Type). Antennae of d finely serrate and ciliated. A small and insignificant
species. Forewings almost monotonous pale reddish grey. Occasionally a distinct basal streak. Inner transverse
line barely visible, the outer one frequently distinct and dentate. Orbicular and reniform stigmata almost
extinct, whitish with faint dark surrounds. Subterminal line scarcely indicated by whitish streaks. Marginal
line consists of indistinct lunules. Fringes yellowish. Hindwings uniform grey, somewhat paler than forewings,
rather darker towards margin, usually with angulated discoidal spot. Fringes yellowish. Underside monotonous
grey-white, discoidal spots on all wings, more or less distinct. Wing expanse 28 mm. Aksu, June.

M. clauda Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 6 c). The illustration in the main Volume is quite good, but inclined to
be too dark, it should be paler mouse-grey and the transverse lines are less prominent. Antennae of E serrate
and ciliated. In some specimens the transverse lines are almost extinct, so that same appear unicoloured mouse-
grey. Hindwings more inclined to be grey than white. Underside almost uniform silvery grey- white, hindwings
paler. Wing expanse 20 — 30 mm. Asia Minor and Turkestan.

M. expugnata s ip. n. (5 e G type). I am classifying this species temporarily here in spite of the different
structure of the A genitalia. Antennae of serrate and ciliated. No pronounced crater. Fore tibiae with not
very significant spurs. In colour and appearance like clauda Pglr., but larger 33 — 35 mm. Fore wings uniform
ashy grey, somewhat suffused with brownish, marginal area rather darker. Basal line, claviform stigma and
transverse lines are absent, only indicated by traces. Orbicular and reniform stigmata rarely discernible, then
somewhat whitish with slightly darker surrounds. Median nervure sometimes faintly prominent with whitish.
Small dark lunules at margin. Fringes brownish with a fine yellowish marginal line. Hindwings somewhat
paler, dusky at margin. Fringes pure white. A distinct discoidal spot is present. Underside glossy brownish
white, hindwings almost white. Central area of forewings dusky, marginal area much paler. Hindwings with
prominent discoidal spot. Both wings with distinct marginal line consisting of dark lunules. Abdomen with
yellowish red anal tuft. Aksu, Altyn-tag.

21. Genus: Agrotis 0. (Feltia Wkr.)

In outer characteristics almost identical with the Genus Euxoa. The protuberance on frons begins to
assume various shapes. In one case it forms a regular crater, in another merely rough irregular protrusions
and then again there is merely a more or less deep vertical groove or rill. In certain species, for instance
ypsilon Pott., the frons is usually smooth, but specimens occur with a more or less pronounced, coarse protuber¬
ance. However the considerable and constant difference in the d genitalia is very characteristic. Whilst in
Euxoa and the sub-genus Meseuxoa there is always a distinct bifurcated clasper, in Agrotis ( Feltia ) there is
always only a single prong. Corona as in the Genus Euxoa.

In his Cat. Lep. Phal. IV 1903 Hampson only classified two palaearctic species in this Genus, honesta
Stgr. and exclamation, is L. He must have allowed himself to be misled by outer characteristics and cannot have
studied the genitalia sufficiently, because a great number of the species which he classified as Euxoa, are Agrotis
( Feltia ) as will be seen from the large number of the species following here.

The biology of the species of the Genus Agrotis has already been thoroughly studied, chiefly because the
larvae are partly pests to agriculture. The eggs are almost without ridges, occasionally weakly ridged. Generally
they are laid loose or in clusters on or in the earth. An inclination of the Genus towards more recent Genera
seems to be indicated by the fact that an american species ( Feltia subgoth, ica Hw.) which occurs in North America
as a pest, does not deposit its ova on or in the earth, but in the flowerheads of Helianthis tuberosa and the
young larvae feed therein for a period. The larvae are as a rule typical subterranean larvae, like those of the
Genus Euxoa and outwardly very similar to same. However various species already show a tendency to leave
the earth and exist above the surface.

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti.

43

This genus is also best subdivided into Sections according the formation of the antennae.

Type: Agrotis (Feltia) segetis Hbn. (Tentamen ined.) = segetum Schiff.

I. Section: antennae heavily pectinated to apex or almost to apex.

A. baetica Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 c) classified by Staudinger under cladocera Rbr. as “ Agrotis ?”. It is baetica.
perhaps only a form of the subsequent graslini Rbr. The type is not well preserved. The illustration in the main
Volume is not good and therefore the species is being illustrated again (5 f). It is very like graslini but more
brightly coloured, veins of hindwings brownish. Only found on the coast of S. Spain, Cadiz. Early stages unknown.

A. graslini Rbr. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 i). Two varieties have been described and they do not seem to me graslini.
justifiable. The one — v. joannisi Gl. et le P. from the coast of Morbihan. It is more yellow-brown to reddish joannisi.
yellow than ochreous. Markings, claviform stigma etc. more prominent. The other form: — gouini J. de Joan, gouini.
neither ochreous nor reddish yellow, but of a variable brown varying from olive-green to grey and yellow-brown.

Further Strand has denominated as ab. rufotincta Strd. (= ab. 1 limps.) specimens in which the cell of rufotincta.
forewings with adjoining areas is a vivid reddish. The type form and all other forms from the west coast of
France. Ova white with faint ridges, larvae subterranean, feeding on low growing plants. It is almost colourless
with indications of lateral lines. Pupa not described.

A. (?) arenosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 33) (5 f). According to the perfectly preserved $ type this should be arenosa.
classified here and is a genuine species. Is not related to villa Esp. Similar to baetica Bsd., underside is
identical with same. Also similar to graslini Rbr., wings rather more pointed, claviform stigma is much smaller
than in graslini, costal streak of arenosa is whiter, the distinct discoidal spot on underside of forewings, which
is almost always present in graslini, is completely absent in the type of arenosa. Thorax of graslini is more
densely covered with scales and hairs. The illustration in Rambur, Cat. S. And. is very good, only much too
dark. South Andalusia, Catalonia. Early stages unknown.

A. lanzarotensis Rbl. (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 15 k). lanzaro-

tensis.

A. dirempta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 24). This species described from a single defective ^ Type ex coll. Stgr., direnvpta.
has latterly been found in quantity at Algiers, in Morocco, Tunis and southern Spain. In general appearance
dirempta can scarcely be differentiated from certain forms of crassa Hbn., but may be considered a genuine
species on account of the fact that the pectinations of antennae extend to extremity of apex or almost so. -
castellana Fdz. from Ciudad-Real, Spain is in my opinion = dirempta Stgr. castellana.

II. Section: S' antennae heavily pectinated %rds of their length.

A. ypsilosi Rott. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 c) (= suffusa Schiff., spinula Esp., spiniferus Hw., idonea Cram., ypsilon.
robusta Blanch., bipars Wkr., frivola Wall.gr., aureolum Schaus.). A cosmopolitan species. It also occurs in
Labrador (coll. Corti). Varies considerably in colour and markings, for instance specimens occur with forewings
almostly completely black from base to outer line (5 f), another specimen which is illustrated (5 f) has a wide
pale costa from base to apex of wings. Dannehl has an aberration with darkened forewings, which lie has
denominated as — ab. fusca. ypsilon occurs from spring till November, in many districts it hibernates. In fusca.
some localities it is double brooded. Ova dull yellow with delicate ridges, larvae subterranean, plump, cylindrical,
scarcely marked at all, with dark warts, pupa fuscous with 2 cremaster spines.

A. segetis Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 25, pi. 5 d) (= segetum Schiff., praecox Hbn., fervida Hbn., sicula Bsd., segetis.
dimidia Zell., sicania Gn., marginalis Wkr., obliviosa Wkr., aversa Wkr., conecta Wkr., denticulosa Wllgr.,
conspurcata Wkr., repulsa Wkr., certificata Wkr., lassa Swinh.). A species that varies to an extraordinary
extent in colour and markings and which has therefore given rise to a large number of superfluous denominations
(compare main Volume). The form mentioned there — ab. pallida Stgr. (Vol. 3, pi. 5 d e) is no doubt the pallida.
predominant form and subspecies of central Asia. It occurs occasionally in Europe. One name of an older
denomination of an aberration is missing in the main Volume. — ab. anthracitica Alph. with unicoloured black
forewings. Such specimens occur in all degrees of transition. Latterly further names have been given: — ab.
albiptera Trti. from Cyrenaica has snow-white hindwings, — • ab. niinorata Trti. is a small form (spring generation
from Cyrenaica, flying in May — June); — ab. pseudocos Trti. denotes a small $ resembling cos Hbn., unicoloured
with distinct transverse bands, from Cyrenaica. — ab. unicolor Pill, denotes unicoloured specimens without
any markings. — v. pallida-obsoleta is a name given by Dannehl for the southern race from Terlan, Bolzano,
southern Italy with grey-yellow colouration, orbicular stigma and outer line absent, marginal spots prominent.

Occurs in the entire palaearctic territory, in polar regions only up to 60 — 62° northern latitude. It is also found
in India, South Africa, Oceania and North America. It occurs in one or two or even more generations from
March to November according to the locality. Ova yellowish white, faintly ridged, subterranean larvae, plump,

anthra-

citica.

albiptera.
minor at a.
pseudocos.
unicolor,
pallida-
obsoleta.

44

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti.

glaucina.

maure-

tanica.

in grata.

fuscosa.

cortieea.

neo-

comensis.

obsoleta.

'Kni-

maculata.

orbiculella.

strigosa.

amurensis.

corsa.

’pallida.

obscura.

justa.

prae dicta.

grey with pale dorsal line, brownish collateral lines and black warts and spots. Pupa fuscous with 2 short
cremaster spines. — glaucina Kozh. (5 f) (= E. glaucina Kozh.). From a $ from Siberia (Minussinsk). Is said
to resemble rabusta Ev. From two $$ received from the Petrograd Museum however this is nothing else than
a segetis with pale grey-cloured forewings, such as occur among from Asia Minor and occasionally in Europe.
In the best case it might be deemed a race of segetis.

A. mauretanica A. B.-H. (5 g). Brownish yellow, orbicular and reniform stigmata distinct, claviform
stigma small and black. Central area enclosed by black dentate, distinctly marked transverse lines, blackish
sagittate spots. Distinct black lunules. Fringes subdivided, pale edge. Hindwings white, brownish yellow at
margin with black central spot, which is sometimes absent. Fringes pure white outwardly. Underside of forewings
with faint indication of a band, indistinct central spot, hindwings paler with a band indicated at costa, sometimes
with indistinct central spot. South Oran, May — June. Early stages unknown.

A. ingrafa Btlr. (5 g). Is considered by many authors to be synonymous with segetis Hbn. When
comparing series one has the impression that they are two separate species. It is quite as similar to cortieea
as it is to segetis Hbn., differs from the former however by its large]' size, sometimes being double as large. It
has much larger maculae and has a more or less pale outer edge to the forewings. Just this pale edge enables one to
differentiate ingrata from segetis and further the much browner hindwings which are the rule in the Japan.
Eai’ly stages unknown.

A. fuscosa Btlr. (5 g). An uncertain species. No doubt it is related to segetis Hbn. and cortieea Hbn.
Forewings similar to segetis, but in what are in my opinion typical specimens they seem to be suffused with pale
lilac. The outer transverse line is usually very indistinct, hindwings according to Butler are as in saucia Hbn.,
which I cannot endorse, they are paler, also in the $. Japan, Transbaikalia (specimens from the latter locality
are perhaps a special race). Early stages unknown.

A. cortieea Schifj. (Vol. 3, p. 26, pi. 5 f) (= transversa Wkr., fraterna Moore, sincerii Err.). A species
that varies considerably in colour and markings. It is found throughout Europe with the exception of the
extreme north, further in Asia and occurs up to abt. 2000 m altitude in mountainous regions. According to the
locality it occurs from May — September but generally only in one generation. To be added to the numerous
denominations (compare main Vol. 3) are the following: — f. neocomensis Roug. almost unicoloured, of the
markings of forewings only the 3 maculae are retained. — ab. obsoleta Meade-Waldo, claviform and orbicular
stigmata barely visible. — ab. unimaculata Masl. only shows reniform stigma, forewings are not speckled. -
ab. orbiculella Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal.) has large quadrate orbicular stigma. — strigosa Strd. from
Norway has generally very pronounced transverse lines . The outer marginal band of hindwings merges
gradually into the paler basal colour and very often the hindwings are uniformly dark over their entire surface.
This form however occurs also in other localities. — amurensis Stgr. from the Amur is certainly a genuine sub¬
species, which however varies considerably. I am illustrating a specimen (5 g) such as occurs profusely in China,
Sajan, the Amur territory, Vladivostock etc. Ova of cortieea are brownish white, ribbed, with brown middle
area and a similar coloured spot on the micropyle. Larvae subterranean, grey-brown with pale dorsal line and
darker collateral lines, scutellum leathery, yellow-brown. Pupa yellow-brown with 2 cremaster spines.

A. corsa Pglr. (= cortieea v. corsa Pglr.) (5 g <$). I am of the same opinion as Schawerda that this
is probably a genuine species. The characteristics of corsa are the more or less heavy white markings of veins
of forewings, the heavy admixture of white on the inner and outer transverse lines, often a pronounced whitish
suffusion in outer area in which the whitish outlined sagittate marks are situate. Other markings are like
cortieea. The stigmata, especially the orbicular, are usually filled with white with brown centre. Corsica, July
to August. Early stages unknown. Schawerda has denominated the following aberrations: — ab. pallida, pale
brown; — ab. obscura black-brown, the lighter transverse lines are quite obscured.

A. Justa sp. n. ( 5 h A type). Forewings quite pale brownish white, only the costa definitely red-brown
expanding to a spot at the outer margin. A few whitish specks on costa. Basal line indicated by wide whitish
spots, inner line double, whitish outwardly, the intermediate space being brown. Claviform stigma exceedingly
clearly marked, red-brown, orbicular stigma small, round, pale with dark central spot and surround. Reniform
stigma distinct, large, dark brown with black surround, extending somewhat along the vein towards the base.
Outer transverse line faint, subterminal line pale, a row of lunules in front of the yellowish marginal line,
fringes yellowish brown. Hindwings almost unicoloured brownish grey, fringes lighter. Hindwings trans¬
parent, veins brownish. Tegulae large, grey-white, abdomen of same colour as hindwings. PTnderside of fore¬
wings almost monotonous grey-brown, hindwings considerably paler with dark discoidal spot. Seening
(Thibet), July.

A. praedicta sp. n. (5 h A type). Similar to the previous species, but forewings not by any means so
clearly marked. Claviform stigma with pale centre, orbicular stigma large, reniform stigma without the pro¬
jection to the base, on the contrary with a similar projection towards the outer margin. Inner and outer

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Cobti.

45

transverse lines distinct, the outer area somewhat paler with more or less distinct sagittate marks that are absent
in justa. Underside of fore and hindwings with distinct band, hindwings with discoidal spot. Kuku-Noor, Ussuri.

A. justifica sp. n. (5 h <£ type). Forewings almost uniform purple-brown and glossy. Basal line absent, justified.
inner transverse line double, somewhat pale with dark edge on each side. Claviform stigma black, very small
and short, pointed. Orbicular stigma only slightly contrasting with ground colour, brownish, scarcely any
outline; reniform stigma somewhat quadrate, the centre as the wings, a dark edge on inner and outer sides.

Outer transverse line delicate, double and faint. Marginal area uniform like the wings. A whitish marginal line,
fringes brown, darker at base. Hindwings almost unicoloured grey-brown, veins darker, margin and fringes
as forewings. Tegulae and abdomen of the same colour as forewings. Underside glossy, uniform grey-brown,
hindwings with a discoidal spot. Szechuan, China.

A. tancrei Gorti (5 h £ type). Similar to corsa Pglr. Head and thorax pale grey-brown, collar darker, tancrei.
Tegulae whitish. Abdomen grey-brown. Forewings pale reddish grey. Basal transverse line double, with pale
edge inwardly. Area between basal line and inner transverse line dark brown and marbled. Claviform stigma
very distinct, dark. Orbicular and reniform stigmata situate in a brownish marbled central area. The former
is small and contrasts strongly from reniform stigma, the latter is much larger with pale centre and dark
surround. Outer transverse line almost obsolescent in patches, then again distinctly double with pale centre.
Subterminal line indistinct. Marginal line pale brown, in front of same lunules. Fringes mottled grey-brown.
Hindwings pale grey-brown, almost unicoloured, somewhat paler towards base. Fringes grey-white. Underside
of wings uniform brownish grey with indications of a transverse band. Discoidal spot invisible. $ considerably
darker than <$. East Turkestan, Fort Naryn, also from Karagatai and the Alexander Mountains. Early stages
unknown.

A. tokionis Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 c) (= nigricostata Stgr.). These two species are without a doubt tokionis.
identical, tokionis varies considerably, specimens occur with costa scarcely darkened. The illustration in Vol. 3,
pi. 8 c is not good and we are illustrating a specimen here (5 h <$) with very dark costa, tokionis is generally
much larger than corticea Schiff. Antennae of tokionis respectively nigricostata have much shorter pectinations
than other species of this group, for instance corticea. Perhaps it should be classified in another group. Japan,

Amur territory, Thibet.

A. ruta Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 26) (5 i S) (= Xylina ruta Ev.). A wide-winged species (up to 47 mm) which ruta.
varies considerably in colour and markings. Antennae with shorter pectinations than in trifurca Ev. Fore wings
black-brown more or less heavily admixed with ashy grey, sometimes the ground colour is whitish ashy grey
only the wide costa, claviform and reniform stigmata being bold dark brown. Transverse lines often very
distinct but they can be absent. Subterminal line whitish, dentate, sagittate marks sometimes present. Or¬
bicular stigma occasionally absent, usually pale, round or extended to oval shape. Thorax dusted with ashy
grey. Hindwings brownish. 5 generally larger than 3, much darker with little marking. Hindwings similarly
darker. Underside very dark, hindwings paler, almost invariably with more or less distinct bands on all wings
and dark discoidal spots. Siberia, Irkutsk, Iventei. Early stages unknown.

A. patula Wkr. (= septentrionalis Mschlr.) (Vol. 3, p. 26, pi. 5 g). Varies considerably in colour and patula.
markings. The illustration in Vol. 3 is good, the $ is now illustrated here (5 i), it is almost as clearly marked
as the G but has paler hindwings. Other $$ occur having obsolescent markings and dark hindwings. Perhaps
this is only a variety of cinerea Schiff. Early stages unknown, pupa pale brown with 2 cremaster spines.

Labrador and Siberia in August.

A. crassa Him. (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 a) ( = huguenini RvM). Ruhl’s type seems to have got lost, in its crassa.
place in the collection of Hitguenin in Zurich there is a subgothica Hw. from North America, crassa varies in
markings, colour and size considerably, but also occurs in pronounced local races. First we must name — lata Ma.

Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 a) (nec. Rothsch., = dirempta Stgr.). This is often not recognised as a form of crassa,

the type of which originates from Sicily. The illustration in Vol. 3, pi. 5 a is not good and we are giving another

illustration here (5 i <$). The denomination lata must be taken relatively, there are quite small lata and much

larger crassa. The antennae of the S' of lata are more heavily pectinated than in crassa, nevertheless I consider

lata to be only a race of crassa. lata occurs everywhere as an aberration, but is limited to Italy, Sicily, Dalmatia

and Greece as a race, occurring perhaps also in Herzegowina and Bosnia (Rebel) and Spain (Ribbe) and Syria.

lata is as a rule much paler than crassa and often the round orbicular stigma has a whitish surround. — golickei golickei.

Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 b) only occurs in W. Asia. The illustration in the main Volume is quite good, only

the hindwings are much whiter. It is a very pale form of crassa. — afflouensis Deckert i. 1. (5 i $) appears to be afflouensis.

a genuine race from N. Africa, Malta, Syria and perhaps other localities. It has unusually large orbicular stigma,

pale, round with very pale surround, markings distinct, especially the black markings. Hindwings of $ more

or less dusky, sometimes almost black. Underside of $ with very clear dark bands, discoidal spots heavily

marked and black on underside of all wings. With the wide range of variety in crassa the denomination of many

aberrations has been unavoidable. — brunnea Warren (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 b) also occurs in Spain. Wagner brunnea.

46

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti.

leucoptera. denominates the $$ with white wings, which are not of very rare occurrence as — ah. leucoptera. — Danxehe
denominates $$ which are completely monotonous brown-black in basal, central and outer areas, with sharply
hellwegeri. marked hand markings and heavy outer lines with light edges as — ab. hellwegeri; despite the fact that there
subalpina. are various degrees of transition forms. — ab. subalpina denotes the dark form denominated by Danxehe in
atrata. which also the outer margin has the identical brown-black shade. — ab. atrata Schaw. denotes dark $$ specimens
from Corsica with extreme black-brown forewings and almost extinct markings. The same author names a
modesta. small <$ from Aragon as ab. (var. ?) modesta with forewings of uniform buff colour, markings faintly indicated,
the transverse double lines barely visible. The proximal line very pointed at inner margin and projecting
outwards, sagittate mark and the broad quadrate reniform stigma with very faint darker, not clearly visible,
ochrea. surround. Hindwings white. Underside white, devoid of markings. Antennae as in crassa. — ab. ochrea Gulot
parvi- denotes an ochreous variety of crassa. — ab. parvisignata E scaler a is a still paler form than ab. ochracea, it is
signata. a|,nos^ -whitish with nearly completely extinct markings. The early stages of crassa are pretty well known. Ova
(from the Tyrol) were according to my observations large, irregular and without ridges, merely buff coloured,
larvae typically subterranean, maggot-like, pale dorsal line and dark subdorsal, a delicate pale lateral line.
It occurs now and then, for instance in Alsace Lorraine as a pest in vineyards. Pupa fuscous with 2 cremaster
spines. Pupation in an earthen cocoon. It occurs throughout Europe (Russia in the south), the northernmost
limit, according to Warnecke, would be Pommerania and Mecklenburg (occasionally, singly in Schleswig-
Holstein), further in aberrative forms or local races in the Caucasus, Askhabad, Anatolia, Altai. Pontus, Tauria
etc. The f. golickei occurs in Asia Minor, Armenia, Ferghana, Ala-tau, Tura etc. According to the locality it
occurs from July to October, golickei is found in May and the autumn, in two generations.

fulva. A. fulva Trti. (5 i) (= crassa lata fulva Trti.). In my opinion a genuine species. In its morphological

characteristics like lata Tr. A large species, arrangement of markings like in crassa Hbn., but the forewings are
intensively brick-red to ochreous. Hindwings pure white. Hindwings of $ very dusky. It occurs exclusively
in sandy localities. Larvae as crassa , however not grey-white but dark rusty brown, somewhat of the same
shade as the moth. They are inclined to come out of the eai’th or sand. It occurs in autumn and January
(Kruger). North Africa, Bengasi, Fuath, Tobruk.

obesa. A. obesa Bscl. (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 a). The illustration in the main Volume is not good and it is being

repeated here (5 k $). Markings and particularly colouration are liable to strong variations. Some BS have
almost grey forewings, others heavily suffused with red-brown and others with rose, $$ occur with almost
black forewings and again with almost white ground colour. $$ with almost completely white hindwings as in
crassa Him. occur. Orbicular stigma is not quadrate, large, but always much smaller than the reniform and
claviform stigmata. It is often round, usually however longish, oval and often extended to a point. In the
scytha. outer area there are usually sagittate marks, which are only very rarely completely absent. — scytha Alpli.
(Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 a). Also this illustration is not good, we are giving a fresh one (5 k <$)■ In the main Volume
scytha was described by Warren as a genuine species, whilst I consider same to be a race of obesa Bsd. It is
a much paler, less pronouncedly marked race, otherwise however with the characteristics of obesa, occurring in
S. Russia, the Caucasus, Turkestan, Persia, Armenia, Anatolia in August and September. In the Taurus in
fusca. August a further nice race occurs, namely — fusca nov. (5 k E cotype) which is more or less characterised by the
lipara. darker hindwings of the E ■ Also the ground colour of the forewings is inclined as a rule to be dusky. — lipara
Bbr. (5 k E), which is usually considered synonymous with obesa Bscl., I consider to be a clearly defined race
of N. Africa, which is much more brightly coloured and when viewed in series makes a different impression
nivea. from the type form. September — October. Cakadja has denominated a nice race from Rumania as — nivea
Caradja which has pure white ground colour to forewings without a trace of yellow, with prominently distinct
rufina. black markings. — ab. rufina E scaler a denotes a correspondingly ochreous red form from Spain, like ab. ochrea
Culot of crassa Him. The main form occurs in Spain, Portugal, S. France, Italy. The early stages of obesa have
yet to be thoroughly studied. Ova large, buff coloured without ridges, larvae subterranean, cylindrical, stout,
dark brown-red with a dorsal and fine grey-black subdorsal line. Ventrically grey-green, head small, glossy
grey-brown. The description of Millie res appears to be erroneous. Pupa brown. The larva of f. scytha,
according to Wagner, resembles that of crassa Hbn., earthy colour with brownish wrinklings, dorsum paler,
yellowish brown, 2 subdorsal lines. Head small, yellowish brown. Scutellum scarcely discernible. Stigmata
jet-black. Subterraneous. Pupa brown, cremaster with 2 stout bristles.

charade- A. characteristica Alpli. (Vol. 3, p. 26, pi. 12 f). The illustration is not good and we are illustrating

ristica. a ^ afresh (5 1) that definitely belongs hereto. The species was described by Alpheraky from a large (50 mm)
single $ from Ordos (China). The EE are smaller, the largest in my collection measures 38, the smallest 34 mm.
They resemble fatidica Hbn. in the markings, forewings are grey-white or yellowish grey to brown, orbicular
stigma small, round, sometimes oval, hindwings much paler than in normal fatidica EE- Chotan, Sarepta,
mirifica. Kyssyl-Yart. The $ of Alpheraky was captured in September. Early stages unknown. — mirifica Wgnr.

is, in my opinion, synonymous with characteristica Alph. Described by Wagner from a E (42 mm). Central Asia.

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti.

47

A. fatidica Hbn. (Vo], 3, p. 25, pi. 5 c) (= incurva H.-S. sec Stgr.). $$ with short wings, size colour and fatidica.
markings vary fairly considerably both in and There are quite black $$ and again such with bold markings,
the <$<$ occur pale and dark with heavy or faint markings. There is a completely coffee-brown $ without white
in the collection of Zeller at Zurich. In the museum at Munich there is 1 large $ with completely developed
wings, which I consider to be fatidica Ev. v. bombycia Ev. and not characteristica ; from Central Asia. The entirely
black $$ are denominated by Dannehl as — ah. monedula. A high alpine insect, occurring in Switzerland at monedula.
between 1800 — 2700 m altitude (Vorbrodt). Besides the localities mentioned in the main Volume, also recorded
from the Tyrol, Styria, Bulgaria, Albania, the Rhodope Mountains. July — August. In Central Asia, Mongolia
etc. — bombycia Ev. (6 a S) (= Hadena [Neuria] bombycia Ev.). Markings as fatidica, also very similar to bombycia.
robusta Ev. Fore wings darker, more inclined to black-brown, veins and transverse lines pale, brownish, claviform
stigma circumscribed by black, hindwings brownish grey with similarly coloured fringes. £ so far unknown.

A somewhat uncertain form, perhaps belonging to robusta Ev., possibly a genuine species. Siberia, Irkutsk,
Minussinsk, Urga, Mongolia, Mandchuria. Early stages of fatidica : ova large, irregular, unicoloured yellow-
grey or grey-white, pretty well ridged. Larvae subterranean, cylindrical tapering off anteriorly, dark grey, a
narrow dark dorsal line, a double dark narrow subdorsal line, grey-green ventrically, head reddish, waxy yellow
with 2 heavy crescent marks. Scutellum glossy buff with dark spots. Pupa red-brown with 2 cremaster spines.

A. robusta Ev. [Kind. i. 1.) (Vol. 3, p. 25, pi. 5 e $) (= l trifurca H.-S. nec Ev.). A much discussed robusta.
species. Perhaps only a form of fatidica Hbn. % or of trifurcula Stgr. ? It is a large species, up to 43 mm. Markings
more definite than in fatidica Hbn. According to Erschoff it is only a variety of trifurca Ev. Nevertheless
robusta may be a genuine species. It varies considerably in colour and certain specimens very closely resemble
trifurca. Most specimens however have a heavy whitish, sometimes pure white median nervure and subcostal
vein, such as is never found in trifurca. In that species they are always yellowish to brownish. Further trifurca
has always a more or less wide pale inner margin to forewings, which I have never seen in robusta. Orbicular
stigma small, round or oval, usually with distinct white circumscription. Sagittate marks usually clear situate
between the white dusted veins. The $ fully developed, inclined to he larger than the <$, usually darker,
sometimes almost black. Altai, Urals (v. ?), Sajan, Transbaikalia. Early stages unknown.

A. trifurca Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 26, pi. 5e). The antennae of $ somewhat more heavily pectinated than in trifurca.
ruta Ev. The illustration in the main Volume is fair, only the median nervure with the 3 white points should
be much more distinctly pale, similarly the inner margin of forewings (compare remarks under robusta). Outer
area of forewings much darker than the wing itself, sagittate marks often very distinct. Claviform stigma dark
brown to black, elongated, extending almost to under the reniform stigma. In robusta it is wider and extends
at best only to under the orbicular stigma. Hindwings dusky brown, somewhat paler in centre. The species
appears to vary little. The $ is fully developed, as large as the <$, abt. 38 mm. Markings and colour as the <$.

Eastern Russia, Kasan, Urals, Orenburg, Ussuri, Amur, Prokofka, Vladivostock. End of June to August.

Early stages unknown.

A. trifurcula Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 26, pi. 5 e). The illustration in the main Volume was not a success, a is trifurcula.
being illustrated here (5 1). Perhaps it is only a form of robusta Ev. with which it agrees almost exactly in point
of markings. — The same applies to sajatta Stgr. i. 1. ; when seen in long series both trifurcula and also sajana sajana.
appear to differ slightly, being much paler (against darker specimens), generally the grey-white ground colour
is predominant. The specimens appear much more brightly marked and are generally decidedly smaller. Dark
and large specimens also occur and among robusta occasionally one finds quite small specimens. The smallest
specimen in my collection expands only 30 mm. The $ on the other hand, assuming a specimen from the White
Mountains to belong hereto, has only semi-developed wings of 21 mm expanse. It has the markings of trifurcula,
abdomen is long extended, hindwings dark. Mongolia, Changai, Urga, Siberia, Kentei. Early stages unknown.

A. atra sp. n. (5 1 S type). Same size as trifurca Ev. and doubtless very close to same. Fore wings dark, atra.
glossy black-brown, basal line, inner transverse line and orbicular stigma obsolescent or barely visible, also
reniform stigma very indistinct with pale centre and dark surround. Outer transverse line indicated by a series
of dark spots, sagittate marks barely visible. Orbicular and reniform stigmata situate in a broad blackish streak.

Lunules before the margin, then a pale yellowish marginal line, fringes brownish. Hindwings dusky brown,
rather paler in centre. Thorax pale grey. Underside dusky brown, almost unicoloured, somewhat paler in
centre, hindwings generally somewhat paler, especially in central area in which a distinct discoidal spot is
situate. The $ is fully developed and like the <$. China, Yunnan.

A. sabulosa Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 25, pi. 12 a). The illustration in the main Volume is poor, a fresh illus- sabulosa.
tration is given here (6 a $). Only very few specimens are known, but certainly a genuine species. Andalusia.

A. vesfigialis Rott. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 i) (= valligera Hbn.). Hindwings rarely quite white, generally vestigialis.
grey, dusky, especially at margin, veins dusted with grey. A species that varies enormously in colour and
markings. Quite black specimens are known and exceedingly pale, almost white ones, some with quite pale
stigmata, almost without transverse bands, with extinct orbicular stigma etc. In consequence a large number
of aberrations have been named (compare main Volume). Of new denominations we are enumerating: ab.

48

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti.

albidior.

olivacea.

violascens.

pseudo-

chretieni.

esctersa.

pallida.

angusti-

pennis.

amurensis.

bifurca.

stabilita.

quadrigera.

atridi-

scala.

chretieni.

lafauryi.

endogaea.

cinerea.

alpigena.

obscura.

obscura.

pallida.

virgata.

albidior Pet. with whitish forewings; — ab. olivacea Htg. differing from albidior by the olive ground colour; —
f . violascens Heydem. are specimens with violet-rose hue at inner margin and marginal ai’ea, especially intensively
on costa of forewings, on buff ground colour. — f. pseudochretieni Heydem. are specimens without orbicular
stigma; — ah. extersa Slats. (= ab. Hmps.) is uniform brownish grey, all stigmata being absent. — ab. pallida
is the denomination given by Spitler to the south Russian, paler yellowish coloured specimens with whiter
hindwings. The so-called — ab. angustipemiis Bart, differs from the usual vestigialis by the somewhat narrower
wings, which can occasionally occur almost anywhere. — (ab.) amurensis Stgr. are predominantly dark, blackish
specimens, often with dark costa and distinct dark transverse lines and stigmata ; from the Apfel Mountains and
Kentei. Nevertheless paler specimens also occur there. Early stages: ova not yet described. Larvae subter¬
ranean, ashy grey with delicate dorsal line and collateral lines, head and scutellum brown, can scarcely be
differentiated from the larvae of ripae Him. Pupa brown with 2 cremaster spines. Flight July-November
according to locality and climate, possibly in 2 generations. North, East and Central Europe excluding the
polar regions, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Crimea, Sarepta (v. ?), Siberia, Altai (v. ?).

A. bifurca Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 25) (5 k). Size abt. 33 mm. Thorax and forewings grey, the latter with white
outlined mediana, bifurcated outwards. Claviform stigma brownish, elongated, extends below the median
nervure obliquely downwards in a broad brown streak. The other stigmata pale with dark surrounds. Transverse
lines are absent. Sagittate marks are absent, rarely faintly indicated. Hindwings pure white with a barely
visible darker marginal line. No discoidal spot. Underside impure white, bands are absent. All wings with
distinct central spot. Saisan, September. Early stages unknown.

A. stabilita Corti. Markings and colours exactly as bifurca Stgr. and for this reason I am not giving an
illustration. Perhaps the species is synonymous with the preceding one, but the antennae have a slightly different
structure of the upper pectinations, this may scarcely be deemed sufficient for the creation of a separate species.
Fort Naryn, Turkestan.

A. quadrigera sp. n. (6 a $ type). Is possibly only the hitherto undiscovered <$ of the subsequent species.
Forewings pale grey-brown, markings very distinct. Costa whitish to reniform stigma and to below the oval,
grey orbicular with its dark surround. In the basal area, below this white margin a dark oval mark with pale
circumscription to which the wide dark velvety brown, almost completely quadrate claviform stigma is attached.
Reniform stigma large, irregular, dark brown edged by pale anteriorly and dark posteriorly. Instead of sub-
terminal line there are dark sagittate marks intersected by the whitish nervules to the margin of wings. Hind¬
wings white-grey, heavily dusted with brownish. Distinct discoidal spot. Underside grey-brown, hindwings
considerably paler, discoidal spots on all wings. Urals in August.

A. atridiscata Hmps. ( = Euxoa basigramma Hmps. nec Stgr.). Denominated from 2 §§. Compare
previous species. Hindwings grey, admixed with red-brown with darker terminal line. Underside white,
suffused with red-brown, hindwings with brown discoidal spot. 40 mm. Thibet, Gyantse. At an altitude of
abt. 4000 m. June.

A. chretieni Dum. (Vol. 3, p. 25, pi. 5 c). Orbicular stigma quite extinct, only rarely indicated by a
small black dot. It does not appear to vary much, nevertheless I have a small $ with completely dark red-
brown forewings to the outer transverse line and dusky hindwings. — lafauryi Dum. is smaller, 31 mm instead
of 38 mm; paler, markings more indistinct. The “M” shaped mark below the reniform stigma as in chretieni,
which occasionally is absent, is replaced in lafauryi by an open angular mark. Claviform stigma, which in
normal specimens of chretieni is elongated and heavily brown, is replaced in lafauryi by a conical elongated
stigma with pale centre and dark circumscription. This however also occurs in chretieni from Castile, chretieni
occurs in Castile, Segovia, S. Ildefonso in altitudes of abt. 1300 m. It is also said to occur at Albarracin, Aragon,
but this is doubtful, lafauryi occurs on the sea coast of south France, the lands around the Bay of Biscay.
chretieni occurs in June — July, lafauryi in April. Early stages unknown.

A. endogaea Bsd. (= arenicola Stgr.) (Vol. 3, p. 26, pi. 5 g). The illustration in main Volume is not good,
the species is being illustrated afresh here (6 a <$). It appears to vary very little. Early stages: ova not yet
described, larvae known but not described (Bellier), it is said to live in the sand and feed on grasses. Wet sea
sand is not harmful to same, even for extended periods. Pupa also not described. It occurs in Corsica and
Sardinia in 2 generations, May and October.

A. cinerea Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 g) (= murina Ev.). It varies considerably in markings and colour,
alpigena G. Trti. (6 a $). Type from the Abruzzi. This paler form of cinerea is the predominant form in central
Italy, southern France, the Pyrenees, Spain, occurring almost everywhere where cinerea occurs. The counter¬
part is — obscura Him. nec Tuft, also mentioned later on in literature by Teich as ab. livonica (Vol. 3, pi. 5 h)
and which also occurs everywhere among cinerea. — obscura Tutt refers to a colour aberration of the english
tephrina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 g), similarly its forms — pallida and — virgata. In spite of its great variability
of colour and markings however tephrina is definitely a race, known hitherto only from England and the

Publ. 20. IV. 1033

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti.

49

(©i-Gokmr-and markings, however, tephrina is definitely a race, which has hitherto only been found in England
and the Shetland Islands. Reports of its occurrence in Austria, Switzerland, South Russia, etc. refer only
to aberrations of the main type. For instance very clearly marked aberrations of cinerea occur in which the
outer transverse line is merged in a very heavy shadow. I have numerous such specimens from Vienna,

Italy, Bulgaria, the former Austria, the Riviera, etc, which, however, also vary among themselves. An illus¬
tration of such a specimen is being given on Plate 7 a $. The so-called — v. eximia Obth. i. 1. (Culot) is cximia.
only a sharply marked aberration of tephrina. fusca B. has created much confusion. Stattdinger con- fusca.
sidered it doubtful and it has often been mistaken for patula Wkr. = septentrionalis Mschlr. It is simply a
dark $ of cinerea Schiff. — cinerea occurs in North, central and West Europe, excepting the polar regions,
further in Spain, Italy, the former Turkey, Bulgaria, Bukowina, Albania, Bosnia, Herzegowina, etc., Urals
South Russia, Caucasus, Pontus, Armenia, central Asia, Aksu. In Switzerland the species occurs up to
1900 m altitude. Early stages: ova yellowish white, irregular, grooved. Larvae subterranean, very similar
to that of exclamationis, darker with fewer markings. Pupae brown with 2 cremaster spines. Imago flies
from April to August.

A. turatii Stdfs. (Vol. 3, p. 26) (51). Hampson considers this species synonymical with cinerea Schiff. turatii.
Up to a few years ago I also doubted whether its claim to be a species was justified and held turatii to be
a subspecies of cinerea . Today, however, having now a richer material at my disposal, I incline to think that
turatii is actually a separate species. It varies extraordinarily ; colour of forewings from an impure unicoloured
white, similarly the thorax, to a dark rusty brown. The transverse lines are sometimes obsolete, sometimes
most pronoucedly marked. Usually the orbicular stigma is absent, reniform stigma sometimes very distinct,
sometimes as a ringlet with dark brown centre, sometimes as a large dark brown spot. Often both stigmata
are entirely absent. The pectinations of the <$ antennae of turatii are much further apart from one another
and longer than in cinerea. It occurs in South France, Digne and Spain, Albarracin, Sierra Nevada ? April-
May. Early stages unknown.

III. Section, <$ antennae more or less heavily dentate ciliate.

A. exclamationis L. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 d). Varies very considerably in markings and colour. There¬
fore (vide Main Volume) a large number of aberrations have been named. For curiosity’s sake I am giving
an illustration (7 a) of — ab. plaga Stph., which shows a specially fine aberration of markings. The pale
— serena Alph. (7 d), which is the commonest form from Ferghana, Bokhara, Saraw, Amdo, and Yarkend,
occurs in similar colouration as — ab. pallida Tutt in Spain, England, Esthland, and elsewhere. — ab. euspi-
data Culot should in my opinion be placed with plaga Stph. In same the brown mark is dissolved into streaks
or darts and stigmata are prominent. — ab. posteli Culot, is a dark form of a $, in which mainly the outer
area of forewings is particularly dusky. — ab. dufranei Lamb, is yellow-grey, with obscure transverse lines,
reniform stigma half obliterated, orbicular stigma invisible and claviform stigma almost obsolete. — ab.
conjuncta Hirschke has a black longitudinal streak from lower edge of reniform stigma almost to the lower
edge of the orbicular stigma. - quadriniacula Wehrli has an isolated dark brown spot between the stigmata,
below the orbicular stigma. — ab. wehrlii Vorbr. is a $ form of - picea Tutt with widely ochreous lustrous
base and transverse bands to forewings. Early stages: Ova impure white, micropyle brownish, grooved, a
brownish ring in the upper third. Larvae not entirely typically subterranean. Pupae brown with 2 cremaster
spines, exclam. ationis occurs according to the locality in one or two generations, from March to September,
in mountainous districts from June-July throughout the palaearctic territory, excepting Mauretania and the
Canary Islands. In mountainous regions it occurs up to 2000 m altitude.

exclama¬

tionis.

plaga.

serena.

pallida.

cuspidata.

posteli.

dufranei.

conjuncta.

quadri-

macula.

wehrlit

picea.

We deeply regret to record the death on the 18th October 1932 of Dr. A. Corti, who had done so
much in regard to the compilation and elaboration of the data of this most difficult Noctuidae group. Not
only will his premature death be a great loss to our scientific world, but we have lost a trusted friend and
collaborator. His manuscript ended at the above paragraph, but thanks to the generous attitude of his
family, his wonderfully rich collection and records, the evidence of his vast experience, have been placed at
our disposal and they will enable the undersigned to attempt to deal with the remaining groups of this family.
It may not be entirely possible to group the species together in precisely the vray intended by the late
Dr. Corti, as unfortunately some of his notes are missing and it would entail a great deal of time to make
all the necessary investigations. Besides this it is desirable to hurry forward the completion of our work and
we therefore ask for forbearance, if some of the details and descriptions are not so perfect, as has been the case
hitherto. In order to facilitate comparisons I propose to give at the end of the family a key-table to enable
reference to the Main Volume. This has become necessary owing to the alterations in the secpience of the
species as compared with Volume 3. By means of this key the species already described there, can be
easily and immediately referred to and such a table will be a useful help in making comparisons.

Darmstadt, December 1932. Prof. M. Draudt.

Supplementary Volume 3 7

50

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Dratjdt.

duosigna. A. duosigna Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 d) should certainly be classified here.

scotacra. A. scotacra Filip], (6 b, co-type E) has great resemblance to corticea Him., with the exception of the

the antennae, but is really closer to exclamationis. It differs from the latter species in the structure of
genitalia (Filip jey); scotacra is usually darker, more clearly marked than exclamationis, it has a darkening of
the costa, which is almost always present, but which is absent in exclamationis. The hindwing of the $ of sco¬
tacra is generally much darker than in exclamationis and often a distinct band is visible before the outer
margin. On underside of hindwing there is usually a heavy transverse band and very distinct discal spot.
Amur (Vladivostock), Ussuri territory. Early stages unknown.

informis. A. informis Leech (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 c). The illustration is not good and a fresh illustration of a $ is

given here (6 b). Warren classified this species to the Euxoa, Hampson to the Feltia (Agrotis) and the latter
is probably correct. It may only be a race of exclamationis and is in any case closely related to same. It is
larger, glossy with reddish to violet-brown sheen, transverse lines double, whitish, outer area often dusky
brown, so that it appears much more brightly marked than exclamationis. Early stages unknown. Amur ter¬
ritory, Japan.

ripae. A. ripae Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 41). In the first instance it is necessary to correct the illustrations on plate

9 a, b, and c. The illustration on 9 a as ripae , should be desillii, whilst that on 9 b weissenborni <J, the 2
= ripae Hbn., 9 b and c as desillii represent iveissenborni. The illustrations on 9 b as desertorum G and $
should be a shade paler, ripae varies extraordinarily in colour and markings, nevertheless some races can
weisseribor- be definitely separated. - weissersboini Frr. (= obotritica Schmidt) appears to be the predominant form in
nh certain districts, for instance in Denmark, southern Sweden, Schleswig Holstein, the east coast of Prussia.
desertorum. - desertorum B. (= deserticola Ev.) is the race from S. Russia, the Crimea, Egypt, Ili territory. It is the
alexan- pale form of ripae with white ground colour and very distinct markings, which certainly vary. — alexan-
drensis. drensis Bak. is a form that is close to desertorum, with indistinct stigmata, but 2 very pronounced trans¬
verse lines. I have a specimen of this type, which quite corresponds to the illustration and which was cap-
wagneri. tured at Dekela in Egypt. — wagneri /. n. ( Corti i. 1.) I denominate a new silvery grey form from Asia Minor
(Ak-shehir) and probably from Syria, which may prove to be a genuine race. — desillii Pier, (recte : “desillesi”)
is the main form from the South coast of England, Normandy, Morhihan, and Vendee. However similar speci-
albovenosa. mens are taken also in Hamburg, Schleswig Holstein, Sweden, etc. — albovenosa Tschtv. (= duskei Gr.-Gr. i. 1.,
chamyli B.-H. i. 1.) ( 6 f ) a very nice race, which is particularly striking by the fine black margin, consisting
of lunules, before the fringes of hindwings and by the very distinct discoidal spot of the hindwings, which is
especially prominent on the underside. Siberia, the Gobi desert, Sajan, Altai, Transbaicalia, Uliassutai. —
Early stages: ova not described. Larvae typical subterranean, that is to say sand larvae, living chiefly on
various plants on salty, sandy shores. Pupae yellow-brown with 2 cremaster spines, ripae is a coastal in¬
sect, as far as the main form and the forms weissenborni and desillii are concerned. It only rarely occurs
at any considerable distance from the sea coast, ripae and the 2 races named occur in Belgium, Holland, France,
southern England, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the coast of North Germany and the Black Sea, also in Bul¬
garia. It flies from June to September.

nili. A. (?) nili Baker (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 12 f) is an uncertain species and perhaps only a second generation

of desertorum. Staudinger already supposed same to be a variety of ripae. Pungeler on the other hand
deemed nili to be a form of trux Hbn. Andres and Seitz consider nili to be a genuine species. According
to the latest investigations the specimens bred by the late Ad. Andres and which were mentioned in the
“Senckenbergiana” Vol. VI, p. 32, 1924 are not to be identified with nili. Corti, to whom I had sent my
3 specimens for examination, wrote to me that in his opinion this was a genuine species, closely resembling
exclamationis. I therefore describe this insect, as follows:
adolfi. A. adolfi sp. n. (7 a). Generally slightly smaller and more thickset than exclamationis, very similar in

the arrangement of markings to same, but the markings with the exception of the stigmata are very deli¬
cate and faint, the transverse stripes can only be imagined; claviform stigma is absent or minute, only faintly
indicated in outline; a fine pale line before the fringes; ground colour silvery grey, yellow-grey to reddish
yellow, variable, scales smooth and slippery. Hindwings of H white, of $ with dusky shading widely at
margin. Larvae subterranean, pupating in October and emerging 3 weeks later. Egypt (Mariout steppes).
Described from 1 <J, 2 $2 in the collection of Dratjdt.

farinosa. A. farirsosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 9 c). In the illustration in the Main Volume the markings parti¬

cularly of the claviform, orbicular and reniform stigmata should be rather more distinct ; hindwings of $ type
are whiter, the $ has grey hindwings. Ili territory, Issyk-kul.
eugramma. A. eugramma Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 10 g). Hampson classifies the species under Agrotis, Warren

under Rhyacia. The latter is certainly incorrect because of the very long spurs on the fore-tibiae. The species
is also not connected with patula Wlcr. ; the antennae are too different. In the illustration in the Main Volume
the inner transverse line is much too dark, it is actually double, but the inner line is pale; the reniform
stigma should stand out more prominently and be much darker. The sagittate marks are much paler. One
$ in the collection of Corti from Ta-tsien-lu, West China.

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

pt l

A. miranda Corti (6 b type). A fine species reminding one of corticea and tancrei. Head and thorax miranda.
grey-white, admixed with brown and with dark collar, abdomen almost whitish. Forewings pale mouse-grey
with distinct double transverse lines, in front of the posterior line heavy, partially sagittate shades and marks;
claviform stigma clear, short, triangular, dark velvety brown; orbicular stigma small, round, the large reni-
form stigma widely quadrate, filled with velvety brown; subterminal line obsolete, in front of same dark
sagittate marks with white outer edges, a fairly extensive dark shade on costa. Hindwings pale grey-brown
with impure whitish fringes. Thibet, Ta-tsien-lu.

A. enitens Corti (6 b). Forewings clay coloured yellow-grey with indistinct markings, basal streak faint; enilens.
transverse lines fine; the anterior one only in interrupted patches, the posterior one distinct, all 3 stigmata
large, pale with dark brown circumscriptions. Subterminal line indistinct, behind same a somewhat paler anal
spot and a dark streak before same; marginal area somewhat darker with small brownish marginal lunules.

Hindwings almost pure white, veins and marginal line brownish. Askhabad. marmorosa Corti (6 b) is classi- marmorosa.
fied here with a question mark. It has a rather different wing contour and is smaller, slightly more bluish
grey with clearer markings on forewings and heavy discoidal spot on hindwings, which also have a darker
margin. Issyk-kul.

A. incognita St.gr. (= seditiosa Pung., elaborata Corti i. 1.) (Vol. 3, p. 31; compare also what was said incognita.
in this Volume p. 41 under hilaris Frr.). We are giving an illustration of a typical specimen (6 c). It is a
genuine species, which has nothing to do with liilaris. Dark reddish yellow-brown, all markings distinct, also
a central shade is quite pronounced, the transverse lines double. Hindwings barely paler brown than fore¬
wings, only slightly paler at base. Distributed in Central Asia, Ferghana (Togus Torow).

A. perplexa A. B.-H. (6 c) reminds one in its markings somewhat of segetum Schiff., differs however perplexa.
distinctly by the serrate ciliate antennae, the serrations of which extend to the extremity. Forewings earthy
grey, costal margin rather darker, markings not very distinct, only the large reniform stigma rather more
prominent through its dark centre. Claviform stigma small with fine dark circumscription, orbicular stigma
very indistinct; marginal area rather darker, subterminal line very faint. Hindwings chalky white with faint
marginal line. Syr Darja territory.

A. trux Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 6 e). To be added to the forms enumerated in Main Volume are: — trux.
pseudolunigera Trti. with dark claviform stigma and paler more distinct orbicular stigma, shape of wings pseudo-
normal. The lunigera, which is restricted to England has more quadrate shape of wings with dark marginal lumgera.
band and very distinct transverse lines. — conclamationis Trti. is a small form with chalky yellowish grey- conclama-
brown ground colour without the speckles of the type form and without the brown collar; the $ is darker. horns.
Described from Cyrenaica (Berka). — subalba sp. n. ( Corti i. 1.) (6 c, d) is a race from Marash (Taurus) subalba.
having considerably darker stigmata and pure white hindwings in

A. anarmodia Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 26). We are giving (6 c) a good illustration of this species that is anarmodia.
distributed over Syria and Palestine. It shows many inclinations towards being a dark ripae form. The small
pale orbicular stigma and the narrowly crescent-shaped dark reniform stigma with its pale circumscription
are characteristic. I also have specimens of this species from Egypt.

A. hoggari Rothsch. (6 d). A remarkable species belonging to the well known radius group; it is much hoggari.
larger than same with elongate wing contour, which is nevertheless of wider and more triangular shape, with
apex more truncate than the following species. Ground colour a reddish brown; markings very similar to
those of radius, but the posterior transverse line is missing, instead of same there is a wide somewhat dif¬
fuse central shade; claviform and reniform stigmata are wider, the latter with a lighter centre; there are
very clear black sagittate marks before the subterminal line. Hindwings white with faintly yellowish tone,
with interrupted blackish marginal line. A purely desert insect from Sahara (Bordj Shegga, Hoggar moun¬
tains), also from Cyrenaica (Benghasi). Very small specimens from the latter locality with wing expanse of
26 — 29 mm are named by Turati — - minima; they give one the impression of being a separate species. minima.

A. securifera Trti. (6 d) is very close to the preceding species, but has still more elongate wing contour securifera.
with more oblique margin and more acute apex; colour a brownish ashy grey, very similarly marked to
the preceding species. Orbicular and claviform stigmata of the same colour as the ground, with fine dark
circumscriptions, both very elongate, the apex of the former touches the reniform stigma; the central shade
is missing, the posterior transverse line is incomplete but present. Hindwings transparent pure white. From
1 <3 from Benghasi (Cyrenaica).

A. puta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 12 b). Herrich-Schaffer was the first to reject the name puta as puta.
being not applicable. Later other authors such as Hampson acted similarly as Hubner's original illustration
was fantastical and unnatural. Nevertheless Dr. Corti has classified an insect as puta on pi. 6 d, presumably
following Pungeler’s classification and maintaining the priority rights of the name; unfortunately I am
unable to trace the origin of the specimen illustrated. It appears to be somewhat larger than usual, with
wider wings and whiter hindwings. In any case the differences are not material. Count Tfrati separates -
catalaunensis Mill., mentioned as a synonym in the Main Volume and designates therewith specimens of caialauncn-
paler ground colouration, with paler stigmata and bold markings and pure white hindwings; these occur chiefly

in Italy, Calabria and have also been observed in Cyrenaica; similarly he deems — erythroxylea Tr. to be a erythroxy-

lea.

52

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

justified denomination of the form with browner ground colour with reddish brown superficial dusting in
outer area and sharply pronounced transverse markings; also the hindwings are suffused with grey-brown.
It appears to be a local race from Tunis, but also occurs in Cyrenaica. — Still more pronounced than cata-
andreasi. launensis, there is - aildreasi Trti. ( Ccrti i. 1.) (6e) with almost pure white ground colour and bold black
transverse markings and stigmata. This form was first bred from the ova by K. Andreas from Monastir. — -
radius, radius Haw. As the illustration in the Main Volume leaves something to be desired, we are giving a fresh
lignosa. illustration (6d). This is certainly the most widely distributed form. - lignosa God. considered by many to
be the usual dark $ form, which, however, also occurs in the $ sex and denotes here specimens of very dark
dull grey-brown ground colour, from which stigmata and transverse lines are only faintly visible. Still darker
nigra, brown CC are named — obscura Tutt and quite black — nigra. Other forms described are — - amartia
amarha. RcJiaw_ from 2 aberrative C6'- forewings remarkably pale brown with whitish subterminal. Only the reniform
joannisi. stigma and base of costa are somewhat brownish. From Bosnia -Her zegowina. — joannisi Dufrane denotes a
similar pale aberration : forewings pale greenish yellow, base of costa somewhat browner, transverse lines very
faint, stigmata with delicate black-brown circumscriptions, only the reniform stigma with a slight brownish
centre; hindwings pure white. Algeria (El Golea). The following further aberrative forms have been describ-
nuda. ed: — nuda Dili, yellowish white-grey, entirely devoid of markings and — subrubra Dhl. with reddish ground
sub) ulna. ccqour; which is similar to that of renitens, without transverse lines, with pure white hindwings; from central
Italy. In the Taurus (Marash) radius occurs, as also elsewhere, in 2 generations, in March and again in
renitens. September, October. Whilst the spring form corresponds to renitens Hbn., which is the common form in cen¬
tral and southern Europe, the autumn form lias a different appearance, which varies so constantly from all
syricola. otherwise known radius forms, that it should be separated and designated — syrieola /. n. ( Corti i. 1.) (6e);
these specimens are usually larger, the CC grey without any brown, very clearly marked, the $$ correspond
in the majority to the usual lignosa form, but they are usually rather less dark on hindwings and with fairly
saracenica. clear markings. Under the name - - saracenica Tams (6 e) there are in the collection of Corti unusually
large specimens with wide wings from northern Arabia; grey with especially well developed transverse shadow
roiroui. markings. We are illustrating one of these specimens. — rotroui Rothsch. (6 e) described from Oran, are red-
brown specimens with remarkably heavy black marks on costa of which the anterior one merges with the
silvestrii. claviform stigma. A more extreme form — sil vestrii Trti. ( 6 f ) is quite dark coppery brown with hindwings
suffused with dusky brown. Corti considered this most decidedly to be a radius form, whilst Dorati described
same as a genuine species. From a single specimen from Benghasi (Cyrenaica).

A. spinifera Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 g).

obsolescens. A. simplonia Hbn.-G. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 6 e). — obsolescens Strd. is a form that occurs chiefly in southern

umbratilis. european localities. Forewings are suffused with brown with dark speckles. - umbratilis Wgnr. is dark slate-
grey, also the hindwings being much darker, only the fringes remaining yellowish buff. From the Ortler region
nigricans, and Lower Austrian Alps (Diirrnstein). — nigricans Iioffm. from the Trawies Alp. With dark grey-black ground
colour with still darker transverse stripes and undulate lines. It is probably the same as the preceding
svffusa. form, in which case this name would have right of priority. - suffusa Hoffm. are transition specimens, some¬
what darker than type form, but distinguishable by their very indistinct markings, so that the wings appear
calcigena. almost unicolourous ; Styria. — calcigena Sohn-R. (6f) denote the opposite, a much paler, silvery grey,
sometimes almost chalky white form from the Abruzzi (Gran Sasso); the wing contour is somewhat narrower,
the build more delicate than in simplonia, markings reduced and finer; except for the dark reniform stigma
and the two transverse lines the forewings are devoid of markings, the dark shading and the marginal spots
being absent. Body almost pure white. This fine form occurs at an altitude of 1800 -2400 m in July. To
the areas of distribution already given, one must add Styria and Carinthia; it is also found in the illyrian-
adriatic zone. Its emergence is relatively early for the altitudes at which it occurs, the imagines being found from
mid- June; the golden-yellow scales that are loosely superficial on freshly emerged specimens are soon lost.
The inert larvae are typically subterranean, grey -brown with pale central discal line, 2 closely approximated
subdorsal lines and a somewhat wider undulate lateral line; warts pale brown, blue-grey ventrally; head
and scutellum stout, brown with pale subdivision. When touched it rolls up. It feeds on grasses and is full
montana. fed at end of August. — montana Kozh. held to be a species by the author and described from a single 3,
is classified here by Corti with a query. It is similar to simplonia, of darker ground colour with heavy ad¬
mixture of black and white scales; somewhat smaller than simplonia , otherwise similarly marked, with 3 black
distinct transverse lines, the stigmata somewhat smaller, but with more distinct black circumscriptions;
claviform stigma absent; hindwings dark grey with white fringes. Head and thorax with dense grey hairs.
Wing expanse: 32 mm. Pamir.

jlavina. A. flavins H.-Schdff. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 12 c). A. very difficult group of forms. Corti has partly put

down his views in an exchange of letters with F. AVagner and Caradja. From these there is no doubt that

ochrina. also — ochrina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 12 b) belongs to the same species and is only a more ochreous browny

form, that occurs in Anatolia among typical specimens. There is no difference in the outer physical structure

brunneopic- or in the genitalia. brmwseopicta Corti i. 1. (6g) is a very large cinnamon-brown, very well marked form
ta.

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

53

from the northern Lebanon (Bcharre), which from its outer structure could not be distinguished from flavina.

The illustration in the Main Volume gives a rather coarse impression and illustrated poorly marked speci¬
mens, especially ochrina is more clearly marked; Alberti desciibes an especially boldly marked specimen
from Macedonia. Apparently Corti had denominated just such a specimen as - mixta /. n. (pi. 6g). — pre- mixta.
tiosa Caradja (6 g) is a nice form with widely darkened margin of forewings with red-brown shading from outer vetiosa.
transverse line onwards. Caradja gives a name in a letter (?) pretiosissima /. n. to an aberration, that is pretio-
apparently frequent in this local form, from Balcic (Rumania), in which almost the entire forewing is sissima
covered by this shade. Only the basal area still retains the yellow-white colour and the orange coloured stig¬
mata stand out prominently from the uniform red-brown forewing. To be added to the area of distribution
of the main species are Dalmatia and Macedonia. Nothing is known of the early stages. The species is
chiefly found in derelict vineyards.

A. lutescens Ev. (= dilucida Ev., leonina Stgr.) (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8e). The illustration of this species, lutescens.
that is very like the preceding one, is quite good. It can be easily distinguished by the distinct dentate subter¬
minal line. It differs by the more heavily serrate antennae, which are boldly fasciculate. In this respect it
agrees with romanovi and hispanica.

A. romanovi Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 12 c) has the same form of antennae as lutescens. This rare species romanovi.
appears to be only known from Armenia. — ab. jura Strd. On forewings the posterior transverse line is jura.
closer to the renifonn stigma, it is fainter and almost straight ; from Armenia.

A. serraticornis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 d). Unfortunately I have difficulty in following Corti’s notes scrrati-
in regard to this insect. Staltdinger describes his species quite recognisably and distinguishes it by the
longer pectinations of the antennae, but unfortunately he mentions a specimen from Jerusalem, that “almost”
completely agrees with it. Warren says in the Main Volume in regard to the $ antennae that they are
quite short and “stiff” (under Section III: antennae with pedicellate fascicles of cilia), whilst Corti says in
his distinguishing description: “scarcely serrate, with wart -like long tufts of hairs'”. That obviously does not
agree! In my collection I have 3 typical pairs, captured by Korb in Cuenca, which all agree exactly with
Staudinger’s original diagnosis, also with Hampson’s characterisation (he places the species by the way in
the Epipsilia) : antennae bipectinated with moderately long pectinations, serrate in apical third. The illu¬
stration is however fairly good, but the species varies considerably in Spain and quite pale sulphur-yellow
specimens devoid of markings occur. Corti has mentioned in his notes still a “ hispanica m” with “heavily
serrate, upright fasciculate antennae, bands quite different”. I could not find a specimen in his collection that
would agree with this description and it will be best to continue to name the Spanish species as “serraticor¬
nis” . Corti further noted a “flava to., antennae more heavily serrate than flavina, on each a horn and on this
a tuft". I do not know what he meant by this, possibly the Jerusalem form, which Staudinger had included
under his serraticornis.

A. psammoda Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 8 1). Illustration and description suffice, only the grey tone of psammoda.
the illustration should be fainter. A better illustration is given here (6 c).

A. constanti Mill. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 12 f). The illustration is much too heavy, otherwise however the constanti.
markings are recognisable. The area of distribution of this species is much more extensive. It has been found
in Digne, the Alpes Maritimes, East Pyrenees, Cottic Alps, Valle del Gesso, Col di Tenda, Pigna bel Venti¬
miglia. A new form has been described from Vellisca near Cuenca: — clarescesis Fdz. Forewings grey-white, clarescens.
speckled with reddish yellow dots; hindwings white, faintly dusky towards the margin. The size of this form
is smaller than that of type. — ab. pallida Schaw. are quite pale whitish yellow specimens without any pallida.
markings. — ab. rosescens Schaw. have a faint rosy suffusion on forewings, especially on thorax and the sub- rosescens.
terminal is a shade darker rose. Described from Albarracin. — The larva is dark brown when young. When
full fed it is pale yellowish and polyphagous. It is full grown in May and then enters the earth. However
it only pupates middle to end of July in a very frail earthen cocoon. The imagines emerge in September,

October in the early morning.

A. eos Obth. (6 i) is very similar to the previous species and is sometimes very difficult to distinguish cos.
from same. In fresh specimens the colouration is somewhat of a brick-red hue, in constanti the subterminal
line is much straighter; hindwings are much paler, almost white. The $ genitalia show considerable differen¬
ces. Algeria (Guelt es Stel, Lambessa).

A. luteomixta Wgnr. (6 i) is classified next to constanti and is very similar to lycophotioides. Forewings luteomixta.
brownish clay coloured with dark grey admixture; basal line indistinct, inner transverse line double, pale
inwardly, dark outwardly, basal streak and claviform stigma absent; orbicular stigma small, indistinct filled
with blue-grey, renifonn stigma more distinct, dark grey; the outer transverse line indistinct, dentate, inwardly
darker, outwardly paler, the pale subterminal line indistinct, no sagittate marks, no marginal lunules, margin¬
al line pale orange, fringes brownish. Hindwings impure white, dusky in $. From Akshehir (Anatolia).

54

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

matrUensis.

mcssaouda.

noctamhu-

latrix.

pieretti.

lasserrei.

ptolemaida.

unctus.

or ana.

ankarensis.

wichgrafi.

benigna.

Subgenus: Powellinia Obth.

Type: P. lasserrei Obth.

P. matritensis Vasq. (Vol. 3, p. 24). This species was not illustrated in the Main Volume and an
illustration is now being given (6 f ) ; matritensis has meanwhile been frequently found in various localities
in Spain.

P. messaouda Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 i) is often held to be the north African form of matritensis ,
however Corti seems to have considered same to be a genuine species. It is larger, has a slightly different
wing contour, especially the wings are wider, the colour more generously mixed with yellow-red. As the
illustration in the Main Volume by no means represents the species, we are giving a good illustration (6i).
Distributed over Algeria and Morocco.

P. noctanibulatrix Chret. (6 i) is very close to the preceding species, but the wings are narrower, of
bluish grey with admixture of more or less darker shadings, brown in cell and on the fold mixed with
ochreous, with widely brownish costal band up to apex, median and submedian nervines white; the anterior
transverse line is yellowish, the posterior one is only indicated; subterminal distinct white or yellowish, wdth
brown sagittate marks beyond same; stigmata small, yellowish, an ochreous spot behind the reniform stigma;
claviform stigma long, ochreous with black circumscription; fringes checked with brown. Hindwdngs wdiite,
brownish towards margin. The $ has much shorter wings, somewhat like faticlica, but the transverse lines are
distinct. Cfafsa (Tunis). The larva is dorsally whitish or pale grey, ventrally more greenish wdth white
lines, spotted on dorsum. It lives hidden in the sand on Astragalus gombo, Lithospermum, Echinops. Pupation
in a frail cocoon, the imagines emerge after 3 weeks in August, September.

P. pieretti Bugn. ( = marsdeni Bak.) (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 12 e). The illustration in Main Volume leaves
a lot to be desired and we are giving a fresh illustration (6 h). The species is much smaller than the prece¬
ding one.

P. lasserrei Obth. ( = sabura Mab.) (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 b). On account of the rather poor illustration
in the Main Volume, a better illustration is now; given here (6 h). The species is easily distinguishable and
occurs everywhere commonly along the north African coast from Morocco to Egypt. Latterly it has been dis¬
covered in Spain (I have before me a specimen from Tarragona) and in Syria (Marash) and Palestine. —
ptolemaida Trti. is a darker grey form from Cyrenaica. - unctus Chr. The reference to the plate should be
12 d instead of 18 a as stated in Index. The illustration is scarcely recognisable!

P. orana Luc. (Vol. 3, p. 118, pi. 28 c). In the Main Volume this was still classified under the Genus
Leucochlaena, but would probably be more correctly placed here. The illustration was copied from a bad
drawing and we are giving a good picture here (6 i). In the pale yellowish grey colouration this small species
readily classifies itself in this group, as the markings are very similar. Transverse lines are very faint. Only
known from Algeria and Morocco. Oberthur considers that noctambulatrix is a dark form of same, but this
does not appear to be correct.

Subgenus : Cladocerotis Hmps.

As was indicated on p. 249 of the Main Volume all the species grouped in this Genus belong without
a doubt in closest relationship to the Powellinia. Frons very distinct with its prominent three-pointed pro¬
jecting process.

Type: C. optabilis B.

C. ankarensis Rbl. (1 1 a) originally described as an Episema, but no doubt belonging here. The densely
woolly haired thorax is grey-white, forewings pale brownish grey, in some specimens purer pale grey with
indistinct transverse lines, the posterior one distinctly dentate, at end of cell a grey diffuse reniform stigma
mark; slightly darker towards the margin, wherein a somewhat paler dentate subterminal line shows up, having
a rather darker inward edge; on margin small black dots in the interstices between the veins, fringes pale
with 2 dark dividing lines. Hindwings thinly scaled, white with dark lunular mark at upper angle of cell,
marginally sparsely bestrewn with brownish and with dark marginal dots. From the neigbourhood of Angora,
also from Anatolia, therefore certainly more widely distributed than at present known. Captured in October.

C„ wichgrafi Corti i. 1. (11 a). As according to Corti the genitalia are quite different to the preced¬
ing species, this may be a genuine species. It is smaller, more yellow-grey, also the thorax; transverse
lines more distinctly dentate, only a narrow shade indicates the reniform stigma, but the space posterior
to same to the post median line is dark and this also is darker between veins 4 and 6; marginal dots scarce¬
ly visible. Fringes darker brown. Hindwings dusky yellowish. According to 1 $ from Alishar (Asia Minor).
October.

C. benigna Corti (11 a) is larger than the two preceding species and wings are more elongate. Pale sandy
brownish with coarse black speckles, distinct, somewhat dentate transverse lines and stigmata, also clavi¬
form stigma blackish and present. Hindwings whitish with very delicate brownish marginal line. Askhabad.

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

C. tischendorffi Pglr. (11 a) resembles the preceding species in its shape, but is larger and distinguishable lisckcn-
by the nice brick-reddish colour. Transverse lines distinct, blackish in dark brown in $. Hindwings with
discoidal lunule and postmedian line, fringes reddish. Syria (Aleppo).

C. libanotica Grti i. 1. (11a) is very similar to tischendorffi, but the wings are much narrower, mark- libanotica.
ings much more diffuse and not blackish, but scarcely darker than the pale brick-red ground; fringes quite
faintly checked. Hindwings paler without postmedian, only a faint discoidal lunule present; fringes perhaps a
shade more reddish. Lebanon (Bcharre).

C. optabilis Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 249, pi. 50 m). A grey form that is rare in Algiers: — murina Culot oplabilis.
occurring in September, October. On the othey hand more frequently — ochrea Culot with a more ochreous ^im-a’
to ochreous reddish ground colour. The type of optabilis originates from Montpellier, but also occurs in Algeria.

Subgenus: Ogygia Him.

Type : 0. signifera F .

0. celsicola Bell. (Vol. 3, p. 35, yd. 7 g). The illustration is not bad, but rather too unicoloured brown, celsicola.
a better illustration of the typical southern French form is given here (61). It is not easy to distinguish
the species and forms of this group from one another. The west asiatic (Persian), specimens are alike with a
form that has recently been described from Anatolia as — gracilis Wgnr. (6 1) ; these specimens are smaller and gracilis.
more delicately built and have finer and denser markings. The ground colour is a monotonous pale chocolate-
brown without the pale patches of celsicola. Hindwings are somewhat paler in the disc. — gueddelanea Oberth. guedde-
(6 1) very probably belongs here, otherwise possibly also to forcipula. It is a larger dark brown form with lanea.
more distinct postmedian line, which is absent in typical celsicola. From the neighbourhood of Lambessa
(Djebel-Gueddelane) at an altitude of 1600 — 2000 nr.

0. forcipula Scliiff. (= denticulosa Esp.) (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 f). The illustration suffices to recognise forcipula.
the species. The <$ antennae are fairly crenate with faint wide notches, more shortly fasciculate than celsicola,
which otherwise the species closely resembles. Besides the forms named in the Main Volume: bornicensis and
nigrescens, there have recently been described: - lithargyrula Trti. (= samnitica Dhl.) (6k) a very pale, Uthar-
bluish grey-white form from Sicily and the Abruzzi with generally clearly marked markings, which are rather gyrula.
too heavy on our illustration. Also hindwings are paler than type. — helladica Rebel is another very pale helladica.
but smaller and more clearly marked form than lithargyrula, from Greece. — hyrcana ? Corti i. 1. ? /. n. hyrcana.
(61) from Askhabad is a dull grey, quite indistinctly marked wide-winged form in which only the sharp stig¬
mata with fine black circumscriptions and the basal streak are somewhat more distinctly prominent. —
amasina Trti. ( Stgr . i. 1.) (6 k) is on an average somewhat smaller, darker brown, almost coffee-brown, with amasina.
slightly reddish hue; it originates from Amasia. - robustior Corti i. 1. (61). A large form which differs from robustior.
nigrescens Hofm. by the paler hindwings in the the reniform stigma, which almost always, especially in
the lower part, is filled with chalky white and the usually much darker and more diffuse markings of forewings.

It occurs in May-June in northern Syria (Marash). The plate gives (6 k) an illustration of another specimen
— obscurior Corti i. 1., about which I can only say that it is larger and darker than nigrescens; I am at obscwior.
present unable to state anything in regard to where it occurs.

0. libanicola Corti (7 a) is also closely related to celsicola, agreeing in regard to markings with same, libanicola.
the colour, however, being rather more coppery reddish to brown; it is distinguishable by the much whiter
hindwings with only narrowly brown outer margin and veins. The type emanates from the northern Lebanon;
specimens from Marash (Taurus) are much less brightly marked and reddish; the latter occur in April, May,
the Lebanon specimens only in June, so that possibly they are distinct races.

0. latipeonis Pglr. (7 b) described as Euxoa, belongs according to Cobti with certainty in close prox- latipennis.
imation to forcipula, which it closely resembles. Forewings very wide, earthy grey-brown with veins scarcely
darker than ground, no transverse lines and rather indistinct whitish stigmata, having dark centre and circum¬
scriptions, the claviform stigma long and narrow. Hindwings white with dark marginal line, it also looks
similar to the form improcera of A. signifera, but has more heavily ciliate antennae than same. Ili territory;

Djarkent.

0. strenua Corti (7 c) is very close to the preceding species, but has more shortly ciliate antennae in strenua.
the sex. Forewings glossy brownish grey, base and costal area paler, with short black basal streak to the
double anterior transverse line, the stigmata also somewhat more whitish, reniform stigma large, the cell be¬
tween the two stigmata blackened; the posterior transverse line similarly distinctly double; in marginal area
dark sagittate marks, subterminal line with whitish spots. Hindwings whitish grey, veins and margin dusky.

From Transcaspia (Arwas).

0. improba Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 h) is another genuine species of this difficult group. The illustra- improba.
tion in the Main Volume is quite good. It differs from related species by having no actual crater on frons,
which however is roughened. The antennae of £ are neither dentate nor crenate, being merely finely fasci-

56

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Drattdt.

iruculenta.

toxistigma.

turbans.

disturbans.

imitata.

signifera.

rubra.

tauricola.

exacta.

glauces-

cens.

aequicus-

pis.

junctima-

cula.

sureyae.

caroli.

kaaba.

agrotina.

dilate. Forewings darker grey-brown, markings as the previous species. Transverse lines are absent, a black
spot behind the reniform stigma. Hindwings brown. From West Turkestan.

0. truculenta Led. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 12 i). The illustration is not really good, though it is difficult to
reproduce an exactly good picture. We are giving a better illustration on plate 7 b. It is a somewhat smaller
sleeker species ; frons rougher than in imp? oba, without crater ; <$ antennae not crenate, however finely fasciculate ;
differs from the preceding species by the white hindwings. Apparently widely distributed in central and eastern
Asia, recently having been discovered in the Taurus (Marash).

0. toxostigma Hmps. (Vo!. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 a) is according to Corti’s researches to be distinguished from
the preceding very similar species by the faintly crenate, finely fasciculate A antennae, together with the different
characteristics mentioned in the Main Volume. Hindwings are similarly white. Also from the Taurus (Marash).

0. turbans Stgr. (7 c). This species is anatomically distinguishable by a very pronounced, deep, pro¬
jecting crater on frons and the heavily dentate, fasciculate antennae. Hindwings are brown. A generally
darker and more monotonous species than the subsequent disturbans , which Hampsox and after him also War rex
have mistaken for turbans.

0. disturbans Pglr. ( — turbans Hmps., nec. Stgr.) (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 f as “ turbans ") (7 b). Closely
resembling the preceding species, but paler and more speckled. Anatomically widely different by the rough,
protuberant frons, which is without crater and by the scarcely crenate A antennae, which are more longly
fasciculate than celsicola. Hindwings paler brown.

0. imitata Corti i. 1. (7 c). In regard to this species, I presume that Corti wished to describe same
as a new species, but I could not find his notes relating to same.

0. signifera F . (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 g). The illustration is more or less recognisable, but the basal streak
is too thick. — ah. rubra A. B.-H. There are specimens among the south Russian signifera, which form a
transition to improcera Stgr., with heavy brown markings on forewings. Described from Sarepta. — subsp.
n. tauricola Corti i. 1. has also an especially intensive, bright red-brown colouration of forewings and pale
hindwings; the inner and outer transverse lines are especially distinct and dark brown. Taurus (Marash), in
July at an altitude of 6—900 m.

0. exacta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 f). The illustration is poor, we are giving a better illustration (7b).

0. glaucescens Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 12 g). As the illustration was copied from a quite unrecognisable
picture, we are giving a fresh illustration (7 b). The species is much paler and brighter than exacta with paler
veins.

O. multicuspis Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 h).

0. aequicuspis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 12 g). The illustration is unrecognisable. We are now giving a
good illustration of this pale species (7 c).

0. juractiniacula Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 12 h) belongs according to Corti, in this group and seems to be

related to glaucescens. As the illustration in Main Volume is unrecognisable, we are giving here a good

illustration of this fine species (7 c).

0. sureyae Bbl. described from a single <J, is very close to the variable signifera, differing however
by the lamellate, very long fasciculate antennae. Frons has a highly protuberant crater. Forewings short and
wide, ashy grey, irregularly speckled and with the same markings as signifera-, reniform stigma filled with grey-
white, it is less high and the heavily dentate white and black subterminal line is very distinct. Hindwings
pure white and devoid of markings. Wing expanse: 30 mm. Described from Angora.

0. caroli Culot (6 k). This and the subsequent closely related species Dr. Corti enumerates in his
lists partly under Ogygia and partly under Fowellinia. As they doubtless are closely related, I am grouping
them together here, caroli is described from South Russia. It is the most monotonous of the species, dull
greyish brown without transverse lines; the black basal streak merges directly in the long claviform stigma;

over the cell maculae with their dark centres and black circumscriptions there are small fine black costal

marks; a lighter subterminal line can only be suspected, opposite the cell 2 sagittate marks.

0. kaaba Obth. (6 k). The author mentions that this species is closely related to celsicola and ford-
pula. Forewings in <$ grey-violet, darker in $, no transverse lines, with paler stigmata in a black-brown cell;
basal streak very thick and black; claviform stigma very large; from the cell maculae a dark streak extends
towards the margin. Hindwings pale grey, dusky at margin. Algeria (Geryville, Alfou, Djebel Aures, Lam-
bessa, Guelt es Stel). It occurs in May and June.

0. agrotina Rothsch, (6 h). Described as an Actinotia, it is a pretty species, fairly closely related to
the preceding. Forewings grey with faint reddish tone, markings almost identical with those of kaaba, but

Pull. 5. VII. 1933.

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

57

the basal streak is less pronounced, the cell between the stigmata is not such a rich black-brown, stigmata
with darker centres. Hindwings pure white with fine dark marginal line. On the same plate (Oh) there is
an illustration, denominated as — hispanica Gorti i. 1. which seems to be a form belonging here and accord- hispanim.
ing to the name emanating from Spain. It is brighter coloured than agrotina , especially the stigmata stand
out more prominently from the darker ground of cell than in the similar Jcaaba. Further particulars are not
to be found.

C. mansoura Chret. (= synesia Trti.) (6g). The ground colour of our illustration is somewhat too mansoura.
brownish, actually the colour should be much purer grey. Transverse lines are absent, stigmata as in the
previous species with finely drawn dark surrounds, also the dark longitudinal streak to margin is present
although faint; in general all markings are more delicate and indistinct, basal streak very faint, clavicular
stigma usually longer than in our illustration. Hindwings pure white, thinly scaled. The species was origin¬
ally classified under Simyra, whilst Turati created a new Genus for it: Stenosoma. Widely distributed in
N. Africa, from Algeria to Cyrenaica.

Subgenus: Dichagyris Led.

Frons with more or less pronounced crater, which however can frequently be present and absent in
one and the same species. When absent frons is rough and arched; thorax scaly. Fore tibiae with fairly
long spurs, especially at end. $ antennae scarcely or only faintly pectinated, with fascicles of cilia.

Type: D. 7nelanura Roll.

I. Group: Underside of wings usually with a more or less dark to black wide outer margin.

D„ melanura Roll. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 10 i). Description and illustration given suffice to classify this melanura.
easily recognisable species. — grisescens Stgr. (= euryloma Gorti i. 1.) (7 cl as “euryloma”) is much more yellow- grisescens.
ish brown in ground colour and has much heavier markings in median area; also hindwings are duskier.

— stellans Gorti inecl. (= capnoloma Pglr. i. 1.) (7 d) is a similar but somewhat smaller form with purer and stellans.
paler ground colour than grisescens and without the dark brown irroration, with clear black-brown markings
in median area, dark margin slightly paler; Aksu, Issyk-kul. — melanurina was originally the victim of a melanurina.
misunderstanding, as the real melanurina, which Staudinger described, was an Aihetis from Palestine. Despite
this, small, delicately built specimens of the genuine melanura occur in northern Syria (Taurus, Marash),
which outwardly strongly resemble the Athetis mentioned; the slightly different wing contour, the outer
margin in Athetis being more oblique, while the spurred tibiae enable one immediately to recognise the
Agrotidae. The name melanurina can therefore be retained for this form. Hampson deleted “melanurina” ,
so that Warren should be inserted as the author in Seitz. — albida Gar. (1 1 b) is a very beautiful, very white albida.
form with only faintly indicated discal markings. From Balcic, Rumania, from the so-called Silver Coast.

D. imperator A. B.-H. (7 cl). This remarkably beautiful species is described from Algeria (Biskra) and imperator.
also from Egypt , around Helouan. The good illustration now given makes any description superfluous. The
larva was found at the latter locality on a Zygophyllum sp. in April. The moth emerged about a month later.

D. eremicola Stfs. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 12 f). As the illustration in the Main Volume does not suffice eremicola.
to distinguish this species, we are giving a fresh picture (7 cl). The species is somewhat greyer than squalorum,
less peppered with black, markings somewhat more diffuse. The antennae with markedly heavier cilia. From
Asia Minor through to West Turkestan and to the Altai, — nigrolineata Corti inecl. (7 d) is a much darker nigrolineata.
form, especially the hindwings are duskier.

D. squalorum Ev. (= vallesiaca Err.) (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 10 i, k) is probably not a form of Jcirghisa at squalorum.
all. We are again illustrating the two sexes (7 e) as they differ considerably and the illustration in Main
Volume was unsatisfactory. Antennae are less heavily ciliate than in eremicola. — crimaea Rozh. (7 f). Accord- crimaea.
ing to Corti’s notes, he considered this to be a form belonging here. It is paler, markings clearer and more
sharply defined, especially the bold subterminal sagittate marks. Hindwings white, veins marked brownish.

Crimea.

D. kirghisa Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 10 i) (11 b) is a genuine species, somewhat smaller than eremicola, kirghisa.
with distinct markings, the inner line twice acutely angulated, the claviform stigma is conjoined by a stout
black bar with the posterior transverse line. Behind this, especially in the upper half, long black cuneiform
marks. Hindwings and abdomen yellowish white, the former faintly brownish at margin, in the $ quite
brown. From S. E. Russia spreading through Asia to the Altai and southwards to Kashmir.

D, vallesiaca Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 b, c). The illustration is much too dark and indistinct. We are vallesiaca.
giving a fresh picture on pi. 7 e. A rare and local species, found in the plains of the Rhone valley and scar¬
cely occurring above 600 m altitude. It has also been found at Lugano. It occurs between the 15th July
and 15th August and can be taken at dusk around the flowers of Centaurea, Scabiosa and Silene inf lata.

— inexpectata Rozh. (7 f) appears to be a form belonging hereto. In Corti’s opinion and contrary to the views inexpeda-
of the author, it is the main form, the has just the same distinct fascicles of cilia on the antennae. Mark-

Supplementary Volume 3 8

58

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Dratxdt.

venosa.

melanuroi-

des.

griseoiinc-

ta.

brunneo-

tincta.

celebrata.

tyrannus.

squalidior.

rubidior.

persiaca.

termini-

cincta.

maraschi.

pfeifferi.

umbrifera.

fimbriola.

bohatschi.

leonhardi.
ib erica.

laeta.

ochraceo-

brunnea.

rctddei.

zernyi.

ings also agree with those of vallesiaca, however the ground colour is a richer brown-grey. Minussinsk. —
venosa Corti ined. (= valesiaca Ev.) (7 f) must be held to be a further form. Somewhat darker than valle¬
siaca, but not so dark as inexpectata, duller brownish, the margin of underside a shade darker. Hindwings
darker. From Sarepta. Pungeler considers this group of species to be a relic of the fauna of the Steppes,
which at one period possibly spread far over Europe. — melanuroides Kozh. (7 f) is also classified here by
Corti. It is a small faintly marked form, the subterminal cuneiform marks are quite absent. — griseotincta
Wgnr. (7 e) is a form with heavier grey dustings, the space in the cell before the whitish reniform stigma
intensively blackened. The hindwing more widely dusky at margin. Central Asia. — brunneotincta Corti ined.
(7 e) also belongs to this variable group of central Asiatic Agroticlae. It is not as grey as the preceding
form but more boldly marked and the cell between the stigmata is also more heavily blackened. Hind-
wings distinctly more brownish than the other forms. It occurs at Togusjuray.

D. celebrata Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 34) (7 f) is certainly not a form of clara, but a genuine species. It
resembles clara somewhat, but is larger, more distinctly marked, colour a deeper grey, with very bold
subterminal sagittate marks; with very heavy black markings anterior and posterior to reniform stigma. Hind-
wings dark brown. From Achal Tekke. — tyrannus A. B.-H. (7 g) is a darker brownish form with unicol¬
oured grey-black hindwings, which are only slightly paler towards the base. On hindwings the markings are
heavier black. Karagai-tao.

D. sqalidior Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 49 ) (7 g) is not a form of hirgliisa, but is also a genuine species. Brownish,
coppery and much more clearly marked, especially the marginal area of forewings is darkened. Hindwings
white, widely dusky at margin. Taurus. — rubidior Corti ined. (7 g) is much more reddish and on an
average a larger form from the northern Lebanon. — persiaca Kozh. is classified here as a further form by
Corti, whilst the author placed it to celebrata. It is a smallish form of dull colouration and more coarsely
scaled, the markings being less distinct. N. Persia.

D. terminicincta Corti ined. (7 h) is very distinct by the very dark subterminal band in which the
sagittate marks conjoin forming a wide band. Ground colour is light reddish brown, transverse lines finely
drawn and faint, stigmata only indicated as indistinct paler markings, claviform stigma is quite absent. Hind¬
wings brownish, darker at margin. Northern Lebanon. — maraschi Corti ined. is a race from the Taurus
(Marash) with much more heavily marked transverse lines; in place of the subterminal band there is a much
less dentate wide grey band. On underside the marginal bands are much darker and clearer than in the
type form. It occurs in July.

D. pfeifferi Corti ined. (7 g). A beautiful, quite isolated species with creamy white forewings and very
characteristic jet black markings i. e. in the space between the cell maculae, an exceptionally long claviform
stigma and a widely blackened margin as in melanura. In this however the inner outline of a subterminal
line is indicated by 2 larger and a smaller jet black spots. Hindwings whitish with very distinct dark mar¬
ginal band. Marash, Taurus, captured August to October and named by Corti in honour of Mr. Pfeiffer,
the keen entomologist of Munich who has done so much in investigating the lepidopteral fauna from Ma¬
rash and surroundings.

D. unibrifera Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 f). As the illustration is unrecognisable, we are giving a fresh
figure on pi. 7 g. Generally the species is paler than this rather dark specimen. Although it varies consider¬
ably from the other species, it can be readily recognised by the wide median shade and certainly belongs to
this group.

D. finibriola Esp. (= maravigna Dup.) (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 f). Corti has ascertained that the typi¬
cal nomino-form only occurs in Hungary. As, of the illustrations in Main Volume, only the $ represents the
type, we are giving a figure of the C on pi. 7 i. The heavy dark median shade and dark outer margin are
characteristic. Swiss specimens should be classified under - bohatschi Bhl. described from Armenia, which
is very like the $ illustrated on pi. 13 f of Main Volume ; we are figuring the $ on 7 i. In it the dark median
shade is absent, at best it is merely indicated on costa and at inner margin; also the outer band is much
less intensive. Quite similar specimens are mentioned as occurring at Sierra Nevada and in Macedonia. -
leonhardi Rbl. (7 i) is a much larger and wider winged form of nice bluish grey ground colour; the me¬
dian shade is fainter and more delicate, similarly the outer band. Bosnia and Herzegovina. — iberica Zerny
(7 k) is close to bohatschi, but is more buff or grey-brown, the transverse lines are fine or indistinct; the
median shade is more or less absent, marginal area widely black-brown and definitely outlined. Only occur¬
ring at Albarracin (Aragon), but specimens from the Pyrenees and Digne form transitions. — laeta Rbl. (7 k)
is a uniformly ochreous brown form, sometimes inclining to sulphurous yellow, median shade and marginal
area faintly darker and greyer. The main locality for this form is Anatolia. Probably — ochraceobrunnea
Strd. is identical with same. This is a specimen from Syria in which the dark brown patches are coloured
a paler ochreous brownish (= ab. 1 Hmps.). — raddei Chr. (7 k) has pale yellow-grey forewings, markings most
closely correspond to those of bohatschi by the absent median shade, at the same time the form reminds one
of the squalorum group; raddei has rather more heavily ciliate antennae, by which it also approaches to the
squalorum form. From west asiatic localities. — zernyi Corti (7 k) is the smallest of all the races, at the same
time the wings are more acutely shaped. Antennae as raddei. Outer area very dark, sagittate marks absent ; ground

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

59

colour otherwise pale yellow-grey, the transverse lines dissolved into dots. Underside almost white with
heavily blackened velvety outer bands. Syria (Marash).

D. peperida Limps. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 e) and peperida.

D. xanthiodes Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 c) are classified in this group by Corti. xanthiodes.

II. Group: Underside of wings without pronounced marginal bands.

D. pudica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 f). The illustration is fairly recognisable, only the transverse pudica.
markings should be less heavily black, the figure on 7 h is better in this respect. — griseola Stgr. the greyer griscola.
form, which also has much paler hindwings, is now being illustrated 7 h.

D. despecta B.-H. (7 h) is a larger sleeker species with elongate yellow-grey wings having a faint red- despecta.
dish tinge. Markings similar to those of clara, but transverse lines are paler and less distinct ; irroration heavier
than in clara ; fringes faintly checked at base. Hindwings whitish, veins and margin faintly dusky. Aksu.

D. clara Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 34) (7 h) has, as mentioned in the respective species, no connection with clara.
celebrata and verecunda, as was assumed in Main Volume. A nice pale, clearly and boldly marked species.

D. ignara Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 e). The illustration in Main Volume shows much too heavy trans- ignara.
verse lines, the fresh illustration given here (7 i) is better; ignara is a much darker, almost brown species,
subterminal sagittate marks distinct. From Mongolia.

D. verecunda Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 e) (7 i) is a genuine species, smaller and with narrower wings verecunda.
than clara, much paler in its general colouration, pale reddish grey or even purer grey, all transverse stripes
are absent except for faint indications on costa; before margin there is a band-like very faint grey shade.

Hindwings pure white. Issyk-kul. — bisigoata Kozh. (7 i) is a darker form with bolder markings and especially bisignata.
well defined transverse lines with a faint median shade. Ground colour is rather too dark on our illustration.

D. himalayensis Trti. only recently described, yellowish grey-white, stigmata quite absent, trans- Mmalayen-
verse lines consisting of blackish conjoined lunules, near the outer a faint median line, which is slightly sis-

angulated at end of cell ; a black spot basally on costa, at margin a fine dark line, fringes of same colour
as ground. Hindwings paler than preceding species, devoid of markings, faintly dusky at margin. Underside
without dark marginal band. From Karakorum (Pashwan).

D. singularis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 12 g) (lOi) certainly belongs here according to the researches of singularis.
Alpheraky ; the Genus Orbifrons is superfluous. As this rare species, that has hitherto only been sparsely
caught in Palestine, was not well illustrated in the Main Volume, we are giving a better illustration here.

Subgenus : Chersotis Bsd.

Type: Ch. rectangula Schiff.

Ch. rectangula Schiff. ( = exclamans Ev., subrectangula Stgr.) (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 10 i) (8 b). This species rectangula.
is often difficult to distinguish from multangula owing to superficial resemblance but can certainly be recognised
by the antennae. In rectangula there are scale-like protuberances outwardly on the antennae, which are absent
in multangula. rectangula is generally somewhat larger, also more monotonous and redder in shade. — ande- andereggii.
reggii Bsd. (8 b) is somewhat smaller, the colouration a shade redder, markings clearer and darker. The Alps,

Pyrenees, Basses Alpes, Crimea, Kamchatka. — acutangula Stgr. (8 b) is as large as the type form, with acutangula.
somewhat narrower wings. These are darker grey in colouration and more clearly marked, the 3 stigmata have
a more distinct pale outline. This is the central asiatic form.

Ch. multangula Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 10 h) (7 k). The differences from the preceding species are multangula.
mentioned above. A nice aberration is illustrated (7 1) with darker median area. — dissoluta Stgr. (= tra- dissoluta.
vunia Schaiv.) are lighter specimens with outstanding black markings and sharper pale transverse lines. It
occurs everywhere concomitantly, in Switzerland, Italy, Spain and also in Baden, Transylvania etc. Transi¬
tion forms are frequent. Corti has given his reasons why he cannot consider travunia, which has been descri¬
bed as a constant race from Herzegovina, as distinct. — subdissoluta Wgnr. ( Corti i. 1.) (8 a) is an interesting subdissolu-
race from Inner Anatolia (Akshehir) which occurs in the 2nd half of June and differs by having strikingly ta'

white hindwings, much paler than any other known multangula race; the underside is glossy blue-black, the
arched stripe is much more distinct ; it approaches both neara and capnistis.

Ch. gratissima Corti (11 c). As nothing is yet known in regard to the systematic position of this gratissima.
peculiar species, it is meanwhile being placed here on account of the resemblance in the markings. It is

60

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

capnistis.

hahni.

calorica.

guberlae.

vicina.

near a.

juvenis.

mediorufa.

tragica.

moerens.

secreta.

larger and sleeker, antennae almost without pectinations, with dense ciliate bristles; frons rough grained ,
no crater. Forewings dark grey-brown with similar stigmata and markings as the preceding species. Differ¬
ing however distinctly by the pure white hind wings in which the veins are scarcely darkened at all. Hi¬
therto only 1 $ specimen known from Akshehir.

Ch. capnistis Led. (Vol. 3, p 48, pi. 10 i). The illustration in Main Volume is unsatisfactory both as
regards shape and colour. It is much too large, wide winged and too grey, the markings are not recognisable.
We are therefore giving a good illustration (7 1) in which however the outer transverse line might be a shade
whiter. The species is of paler colouration than multangula, hindwings quite white.

Ch. hahni Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 12 i). The description in the Main Volume is not quite correct. The
claviform stigma is not joined to outer line by a black streak. It extends as a fine black streak to the
inner collateral of the post median line. The illustration is much too pale and yellow, the stigmata should
he more prominent, the pale transverse line is too dark and the blue line before the margin should be re¬
moved. Merv, Askhabad, Arwas, Shahku; Ordubad.

Ch. calorica Corti (8 a). Resembles hahni closely in superficial resemblance, but is somewhat smaller.
Thorax is covered with long thin hairy scales, whilst in liahni it has coarse wide scales. Ground colour of
forewings a very glossy mouse-grey with violet sheen, darker towards margin, less brightly marked than hahni,
with whitish dusted veins; subterminal sagittate marks are distinct, which are absent in hahni. Hindwings
darker. The fascicles of cilia on antennae of $ are longer than in hahni. Djarkent, Ili.

Ch. guberlae Corti (8 a). Forewings glossy, velvety mouse-grey with deep black basal streak, the
transverse lines partially formed of velvety black spots; orbicular stigma in between two black squares, reni-
form stigma large, mouse-grey; subterminal line pale, no sagittate marks. Hindwings whitish, dusky at margin
and along the veins. The $ is a darker blue-grey. Certainly related to capnistis, but differing in the genitalia
and easily distinguishable by the transverse lines which are not paler. From the southern Urals (Guberla).

Ch. vicina Corti (7 1) is similarly marked to the following neara, but the transverse lines are less den¬
tate; vicina is much smaller and with narrower wings, the hindwings are brownish to brown. The <$ antennae
show indications of pectinations, whilst in neara the fascicles of cilia join directly on the shaft. Issyk-kul,
Alexander Mountains, Kuku-Nor.

Ch. neara Pglr. (7 1) is larger than vicina and with wider wings. Forewings show a warmer brownish
tone, the transverse lines are somewhat more dentate, otherwise the markings are the same. Hindwings are
pure white. The genitalia differ considerably. Transcaspia (Merv).

Ch. juvenis Stgr. (= coelebs Stgr.) (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 12 c). The hindwings are not pure white as in
the closely related capnistis, but they are darkened towards the margin and along the veins. The illustra¬
tion in the Main Volume is somewhat too reddish, otherwise it is good. The relatively small reniform stigma
and a black sagittate mark along the inner margin before the anterior transverse line and extending almost
to the outer line, are characteristic. A somewhat doubtful species, which perhaps should be classified with
capnistis. Described from Zeitun.

Ch. mediorufa Corti ined. (11 d). This apparently should be classified here. Thorax blackish crimson,
interspersed with whitish hairs. Forewings of coppery red-grey ground colour, densely scaled with black with
the exception of the median area, transverse lines double, black, interfilled with somewhat paler reddish, simi¬
larly the stigmata, which are submerged, but delicately outlined with blackish. The ground between them is
black. From the inner lower lobe of reniform stigma a blackish shadow-like median line extends to the inner
margin. The posterior transverse line is boldly dentate. Subterminal line faintly paler, edged inwardly with
faint sagittate marks. Hindwings uniformly brownish grey with faint diffuse central shade, a somewhat
darker subterminal and darker marginal line. Type one from Sutchanski-Rudnik in the collection of Corti.

Ch. tragica Corti ined. (11 d) is very close to the preceding species, but much larger and more robustly
built, the wings are wider and regularly superdusted with black, so that the reddish ground colour is only
visible at rubbed patches. The transverse lines are similarly marked as in mediorufa, but they are not double
and scarcely have paler edges on the averted sides. The posterior line is very regularly sharply dentate. The
stigmata are not paler than the ground, have fine black circumscriptions, the orbicular stigma is quadrangu¬
lar upstanding on an angle, the outer tip almost touches the reniform stigma. Above the ground of the cell,
is interfilled with black in triangular shape. The large claviform stigma has a black outline. Subterminal
lines somewhat more distinct, base of fringes paler. Hindwings dark grey-brown and marked as in mediorufa.
Type one <$ from Irkutsk in the collection of Corti.

Ch. moerens Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 12 h). The illustration was a copy and is not natural, as it is
much too large and pale. We are now giving a better illustration (11 d).

Ch. secreta Corti ined. (11 d) is similar to moerens, differing anatomically in the formation of the anten¬
nae, there being sleek serrate pectinations with fascicles of cilia on the shaft, which are absent in moerens.

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt. 61

The ground colour which has a violet -grey sheen in moerens, is here a more reddish black-brown. The
orbicular stigma is widely triangular with open base on top and edged with delicate yellowish white scales.
The transverse lines have not paler edges. Hind wings with more distinct darker marginal line and large
diffuse central spot. Type one <$ from Thibet in the collection of Corti.

Ch. melancholica Led. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 12b). We are giving a better illustration (lid), as the one
in the Main Volume is unrecognisable.

Ch. sareptana H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 12 h).

Ch. decussa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 e) should certainly be placed here. According to Corti’s in¬
vestigations of the type, it is not a genuine Euxoa. The illustration is fairly good. The species resembles
multangula, to which it is also closely related, but it also has a resemblance to various asiatic specimens
of polygona. Alexander Mountains, Issyk-kid, Thibet, Minussinsk.

Ch. versuta Pglr. (8 a). Is closely related to decussa, but has narrower wings and is not so stumpily
built. The reniform stigma is smaller, claviform stigma scarcely indicated. Anterior to the inner transverse
line there is a black dot in the cell. The space between the stigmata is filled with deeper black. Hind wings
heavily dusky as in decussa. The $ antennae have only very short cilia, in decussa they are 3 times as
long and less dense. The fore tibiae have much shorter spurs. Kuku-Nor.

Ch. maraschi Corti ined. (8 a) is probably closest to guberlae and has similar glossy forewings, which
however are a much paler bluish grey. The transverse lines are more continuous, the black marking between the
stigmata varies considerably, generally it is only faint and especially towards the reniform stigma only barely
indicated. The transverse lines commence at the costa in black dots. Hindwings duller than in guberlae.
From the Taurus (Marash), captured in October-November.

Ch. sordescens Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 b). The rather poor illustration is replaced here by a better
one (8 d). According to Corti this insignificant species and the following ones shoidd all be classified here.
It looks somewhat like maraschi, but is not so glossy. Transverse lines much fainter, the posterior one al¬
most extinct. Forewings duskier towards margin. The cell between the stigmata filled with black. Hind-
wings much darker. W. Turkestan.

Ch. glabripennis Corti (8 a) reminds one somewhat of multifida. Forewings similarly mouse-grey with
black basal streak. The inner line double, pale grey. Claviform stigma a black triangle. Orbicular stigma
longish round and ojien on top diffusing into the paler costal streak. Cell below same filled with black. Reni¬
form stigma rather indistinct. Costa with black spots. Below the reniform stigma a black longitudinal streak.
The outer transverse line merely indicated, double. Marginal area mouse-grey with subterminal line indicated.
Hindwings impure white, veins and margin darker. S. Urals; Transcaspia.

Ch. deplanata Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 10 h) (8 b) is fairly close to the multangula group. The illustration
in Main Volume is much too black-grey and we are giving a better illustration of this much more brownish
species.

Ch. kononis Mats, does not closely resemble any other species, but is classified next to deplanata. Fore¬
wings dark brown, the undulate subbasal line is indistinct, double, somewhat interfilled with white in centre.
The anterior transverse line is double, the outer part more heavily filled with white. The large oval orbi¬
cular stigma is pale grey, the large reniform stigma still paler, with black spots on each side. The double
postmedian line is similarly interfilled with white. Marginal area widely pale grey, therein a white speck
on costa. Hindwings pale grey with grey submarginal band. Wing expanse 34 — 36 mm. N. Saghalin (Alex-
androvsk).

Ch. agalma Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 10 h) (8 b). In the illustration in Main Volume colours constrast far
too much. It is a nice species with characteristic markings and we are giving a better illustration here.

Ch. semna Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 48). Of this beautiful species we are able to give an excellent illustra¬
tion (8c). Besides the locality Askhabad, the species has now also been taken in the Taurus (Marash).

Ch. albifurca Ersch. (= reticulata Kozh.) (Vol. 3, p. 48) (8 c). As no illustration was given in the Main
Volume, we are giving one here. It is a relatively common species of very wide distribution.

Ch. obnubila Corti was denominated from a $ in the Pungeler collection and is classified here under
reserve. Forewings glossy mouse-grey with black basal streak and a black outwardly concave arc above same.
Black inner transverse line. Orbicular stigma elliptical and pointed, between same and the reniform stigma,
the cell is black. Outer transverse line extinct. Subterminal line indicated and there are traces of sagittate
marks in front of same. Hindwings unicoloured grey-white. Wing expanse 30 mm. Transcaspia (Arwas).

Ch. nivisparsa Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 e). Also this smaller species is classified near to multangula.
The illustration in Main Volume is more or less recognisable, only the markings are shown as too diffuse.

melancho¬

lica

decussa.

versuta.

maraschi.

sordescens.

glabripen-

nis.

deplanata.

kononis.

agalma

semna.

albifurca.

obnubila.

nivisparsa .

62

AGROTIS. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draiidt.

invenusta.

Icozhantschi-
kovi.
honest a.

pulchrella.

bonza.

arcnosa.

ferruginea.

pallidi-
p iota.

Icnschmiri-

colci.

chalybeata.

clava.

pallidula.

finilima.

undosa.

obesa.

polygona.

rutilans.

Ch. invenusta Kozin . (8 c) is possibly only a geographic race of agalma. The colouration is more mono¬
tonous, greyer without any red-brown tone. The outer transverse line is close to the reniform stigma in
contrast to agalma. Subterminal line less distinct. Underside is much darker, only paler towards the base.
As the name invenusta has been utilised already by Grote to refer to an american Agrotis ( Lycophotia ), I
propose to substitute the name “kozhantschikovi”. From Minussinsk.

Ch. honesta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 12 g). As the illustration in Main Volume is much too dark and
unclear, we are giving a better illustration here (8 c).

Ch. pulchrella A. B.-H. (8 c) is very close to preceding species, but it is distinctly smaller, lighter
with brighter markings. They stand out more clearly from the grey-white ground, as do also the veins around
the central cell and the reniform stigma. The whitish colour should also be rather more pronounced on our
illustration. Hindwings are darker. Sajan territory.

Ch. bonza Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 12 c) (8d). This species which is compared to semna still belongs
in this group and is in appearance very like some of the related forms. The species is smaller and with nar¬
rower wings than are shown on the rather poor illustration in Main Volume, the colouration besides is duller
and more monotonous. Possibly it should be classified to Opigena next to polygona.

Subgenus: Hermonassa Wlcr.

H. cecilia Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 57, pi. 13 h).

H. arenosa Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 57) (8 d). This species was not illustrated in Main Volume, so we are now
giving a picture.

H. consignata Wlcr. (Vol. 3, p. 57, pi. 13 h). — ab. ferruginea Strd. has more rusty red forewings
without the grey-blue irroration of type. In the cell before and between the stigmata there is deeper black
dusting. — ab. pallidipicta Strd. is a paler form. Head, thorax and basal half of forewings are pale olive
greenish, hindwings whitish. Abdomen of same shade with reddish anal tuft. Thibet, Kashmir.

H. incisa Moore (Vol. 11, p. 61, pi. 8 b). Of this Indian species described from Sikkim, Strand has
described a form — kaschmiricola which is much darker than the typical yellowish form. Thorax and fore¬
wings inclined to dark brownish by the interspersion of black scales. Basal and costal areas olive greenish
to beyond the centre. Hindwings brownish. From Kashmir at the boundary of the palaearctic territory.

H . lunata Moore (Vol. 3, p. 57, pi. 13 h). According to Corti’s opinion this should not be classified
here, but to marcida Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 e).

H. chalybeata Moore (Vol. 3, p. 57). Of this small species of which no illustration was given in Main
Volume, we are now giving a good illustration (8 d).

H. clava Leech (Vol. 3, p. 57, pi. 15 k). The illustration of this Chinese species in Main Volume was
not good and we are now giving another (8 d). The Stotzner expedition discovered this species also at the
Omei-shan (Szechuen).

H. pallidula Leech (Vol. 3, p. 57, pi. 15 k). The same applies to this species and we are giving a better
illustration (8 d). Both species are probably very closely related. This species also occurs in Szechuen.

H. finitinia Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 57). It is not improbable in my opinion that this species is identical
with consignata -pallidipicta Strd. Description and locality of origin appear to be the same. In such a case
Warren’s denomination would have priority.

H. utldosa Leech (Vol. 3, p. 63, pi. 15 a). This species was placed with the Triphaena Him. in the
Main Volume. According to Corti its position should be with the Heimonassa. It is the largest species of
this group and we are giving another illustration (11 c).

Subgenus: Nyssocnemis Led.

N. obesa Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 g). This remarkable species, which does not give one the impres¬
sion of being an Agrotis , is being again illustrated here (8 e), as the picture in the Main Volume was not
satisfactory.

Subgenus: Opigena Bsd.

0. polygona F. (Vol. 3, p. 57, pi. 13 g). The illustration is fairly good. — tutilans Sohn-Rethel (lib)
is a much more brightly marked form from the Abruzzi. The ground colour is a warmer ochreous, the dark
markings and shadings are lightly and faintly suffused with red, almost of the shade of Eh. bntnnea. From

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

63

the Majella, in August. — obscurata (M. Bartel i. 1.) Sohn-Eethel in contrast thereto is deep blackish with obscurata.
crimson-brown suffusion; from the Alexander Mountains and Kuku-Nor.

21. Genus: Rliyacia Him.

As no notes are available for the subdivision of further Genera, which after all only have the value
of subgenera, I must group the remaining species under this Genus, as it would be impossible to re-classify
same without immense, painstaking researches, which are not feasible at this juncture.

Rh. subrosea Steph. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 i). On plate 8 i we are giving an illustration of a british $ to subrosea.
the $ figured in Main Volume. The species has recently been subject to careful revision by Warnecke.

According to this, the separation of the Island form with reddish tinge ( subrosea ) from the mainland bluish
grey form (subcaerulea) ( 8 i) can no longer be maintained. The reddish form also occurs on the mainland.

Transitions are denominated — Kief eri Rbl. a form that was first discovered at Admont (Styria), but which kieferi.
also occurs elsewhere in Europe. To subdivide the species further according to shades of colouration seems
idle, as otherwise there would be no end to such a procedure. The following aberrations are described: — ab.
latefasciata Huene with darker median area between the transverse stripes. — ab. decipiens Warn. (8i) a mela- latefasciata.
nic form with monotonous dark brown forewings so that stigmata and bands are only faintly discernible. declP'iens-
Also hindwings are very dusky. From the neighbourhood of Hamburg. To the localities already enumerated
besides Siberia (Minussinsk) we have to add Denmark, Sweden and Norway; since 1908 in Pommerania,

1923 in Lower Elbe territory, already since 1888 at Hanover; besides Bohemia (around the Hirschberg in
B.), Styria (Upper Enns Valley) and France (Nantes). The latter is however open to doubt.

Rh. velata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 k) almost looks like a form of decipiens of the previous species, velata.

The illustration in Main Volume was not as good as it should be and we are giving a better illustration here
(11c).

Rh. spania Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 43). Corti classifies this next to velata, as same are very alike. Wing spania.
contour is narrower, colouration still darker, grey-black without the violet-reddish hue of the preceding
species. Black basal streak, much less distinct transverse lines, wider reniform stigma and less reddish under¬
side. The type is illustrated in the “Iris” Plate 6, Fig. 9.

Rh. plana Leech (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 c).

Rh. subcorticea Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 c). As the illustration in Main Volume does not give the subcorticea.
right impression of this insignificant species, we are figuring it again here (8 i).

Rh. cissigma Men. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 d). Also this species is being illustrated afresh. The ground cissigma.
colour is often more reddish than is shown in our illustration and reminds one thereby of brunnea.

Rh. clariveraa Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 12 d). As the old illustration was a bad copy we are giving a clarivena.
good picture here (8 g).

Rh. musiva Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8f). The illustration is good.

Rh. ellapsa Corti. This closely resembles musiva and clarivena but differs in the first instance by the ellapsa.
high dorsal brush of hairs on thorax, the scales and hairs of which are strikingly white. Ground colour of
forewings inclined to brick-red. Instead of the oval claviform stigma there is a velvety black triangle.

In place of the 2-archecl inner transverse line there is an oblique stripe extending towards the base. It is
white on top and reddish below. The outer transverse line is simple and faintly dentate. Hindwings brown
with distinct discal lunule. From Szechuen.

Rh. triangularis Moore (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9f). Illustration and description of this wide-winged species triangularis.
should suffice. Hampson classified triangularis with stentzi, but this does not appear justifiable.

Rh. exoleta Leech (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8e). — infuscata Draes. (11c) denotes much darker fuscous speci- infuscaia.
mens from Sungpanting (Szechuen).

Rh. costaestriga Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 h). As the illustration is not good, we are improving and costaestriga.
repeating it here (8g).

Rh. albipennis Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 b). We are giving a better illustration here (8g) as in the albipennis.
illustration in Main Volume the dark median band was extended right to the inner margin, which was in¬
correct.

Rh. glareosa Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8 f). The illustration is too much mottled with grey, otherwise giarcosa.
it is good; typical specimens are a nice clear bluish grey or earthen grey. This species seems only to occur
separately or rarely. — edda Stgr. A good illustration of this form is given ( 8 h), also of the nice form — edda.
rosea Tutt (8 h). In regard to the form limbata mentioned in the Main Volume, the ground is tinted with bluish rosea.
grey and not bluish green.

64

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

margari-

tacea.

abruzzensis.
dequcidrata.
p lira.

signata.

cyrnaea.

montedoro-

nis.

vixsignata.

gaurax.

tamerlana.

capnoptera.

picata.

caerulea.

pallescens.

depuncta.

meridiona-

lis.

pontica.

consenes-

cens.

obscura.

kollari.

plumbata.

flammatra.

centralasiae.

obsoleta.

herculea.

stotzneri.

Rh. niargaritacea Vill. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 b). We are giving a better illustration (8h). Specimens
from the Abruzzi are generally large, much paler, of nice whitish blue-grey colouration with snow white
hindwings in the <$. This is certainly a good race, which should be separated as — abruzzensis /. n. —
dequadrata Dhl. denotes specimens in which the cpiadrate mark between the stigmata is absent, whilst the
remaining markings are distinct, in fact often they are especially bold. — In ab. pura Dhl., besides the quadrate
mark between the stigmata, also the spots on costa, the transverse bands and rows of dots are absent, the
specimens are therefore devoid of markings. Majella, Gran Sasso. — signata Wgnr. is the local race from
Anatolia (Akshehir); it is blue-grey with much darker outer area, with distinct transverse lines and dark
thorax.

Rh. cyrnaea Spul. (fallen Pglr. i. 1.) (8h). Hitherto this has been held to be a local race of marga-
ritacea, but an examination of the genitalia has shown certain differences, so that it must now be deem¬
ed a genuine species. It is darker, reddish brown and more richly marked with distinct transverse lines.
Hindwings are darker, faintly clouded in more heavily so in $. Corsica. — montedoronis Schaw. denotes
darker sandy grey specimens. — vixsignata Schaw. represents specimens with scarcely any markings and only
faint indications of the two stigmata and spots on costa.

Rh. gaurax Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 12 i). We are replacing (8 f) the poor illustration in Main Volume.

Rh. tamerlana Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. Ilk). Here also we are giving a better illustration (8g)
by which the species can be distinguished.

Rh. trigonica Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 10 g). The illustration is fairly good. Of — capnoptera Pglr.
we are giving a good illustration (8f).

Rh. picata A. B.-H. {= nona Obth.) (8f as “ nona ”). A fine species, that is close to trigonica. Fore-
wings soft pale grey with brownish sheen, delicate black barely dentate transverse lines, somewhat bolder
subterminal line and the cell between the stigmata interfilled with black. Hindwings white, rather duskier
at margin. From Algeria (Batna, Lambessa, Aflou).

Rh. chaldaica Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. Ilk). The illustration is good but the contour is less so: we
are giving another illustration of the form spodia Pglr. (10 g). — caerulea Wgnr. ( 8 g) is a pretty blue-grev
race with velvety black cell spots and quite white hindwings, which occurs in September in Anatolia (Ak¬
shehir).

Rh. insignata Led. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 b). The illustration in Main Volume is somewhat too dark,
the markings are however correct. — pallescens (8g) is now being illustrated.

Rh. depuncta L. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 i). Danneiil separates the more northerly german form with the
rather paler grey ground colour, from the race that is typical from the South, especially the S. Tyrol. The
latter has a more reddish brown, warmer tone. It seems to be more brightly marked because the basal area
is dusted over with blue-grey and this contrasts with the darker brown median area. The race, which is also of
slightly robuster build, he names — meridionalis Dhl. It occurs in especially dark specimens in the Hautes
Pyrenees, whilst the Abruzzi specimens tally with the grey type. — pontica Stgr. we are illustrating (8 f), it
is taken at Digne and also in Spain (Albarracin, Madrid). However I have also received from there the quite
pale grey, almost ashy bluish or greenish form. We are giving an illustration of — consenescens Stgr. (8f),
which is a transition form of rather brownish colouration. From Spain (Behar) captured by Fernandez. -
obscura Glayhills is a very dusky, blackish suffused form, described from Finland.

Rh. kollari Led. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 i). The illustration is too heavy and colouration too uniform. We
are therefore giving a better illustration (8e). — plumbata Btlr. This nice form, described from Japan was
also obtained by the Stotzner expedition in Szechuan. We are also figuring this nice large form here (8 e).

Rh. flammatra Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9 g). Corti evidently proposed to place this form immedia¬
tely here. All central asiatic specimens are smaller on an average, of paler grey-brown colour and the mark¬
ings with the exception of the black basal streak are more or less completely obsolete. This form is named
centralasiae Wgnr. Dr. Corti illustrated on pi. 8 e a very similar specimen, which is named — obsoleta.
I know nothing about its origin at the moment. On the other hand — herculea Corti i. 1. (?) (Se) is an
exceptionally large, boldly marked form with deep black interfilled cell between the stigmata. Presumably
it emanates from East Asia ?

Rh. stotzneri Corti (8 h). A somewhat smaller dark species with narrower wings. Dark brown, costal
streak paler; distinguished by the very dark colouration of the cell before and behind the orbicular stigma.
The double transverse lines are interfilled with paler colour and also the subterminal line is paler. Clavi-
form stigma has a black surround. Forewings pale grey-brown, still lighter towards the base. Ta-tsien-lu
(Szechuan).

Publ. 7. VII. 1933 .

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti & Dr.. M. Draudt.

65

Rh. collina Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 12 b). The illustration in Main Volume is not good, being much collina.
too broad in the wing and too large. A better illustration is now given here (8 h). — The following aberrations
are described: — ab. roseggeri Schaw. has violet-brown ground colour instead of greyish red. From Krieg- rosegyeri.
lach. — ab. loebeli Rebel has paler brownish grey ground colour, which is not darker towards margin, the veins loebeli.
therefore appearing more distinct; besides the cell is not black. Also from Krieglach. — ab. nigroniarginata nigro-
Lange (Hoffm. i. 1.) has the entire marginal area from posterior transverse line and including the fringes, marrJinala-
a deep black-brown, so that the subterminal line is invisible. Mountains of Saxony. — kenteana Stgr. is a lcenteana.
paler form with fainter markings, which we are illustrating (8i). Ground colour is pale brownish grey, the
black basal streak is absent; both transverse lines are less distinct. Besides, this form is somewhat smaller.

From Kentei.

Rh. Jordami Trti. (12 k). The position of this curious moth is indeed rather doubtful. It has been com- jordani.
pared to obscura, to hyperborea and then again to molothina, porphyrea and agathina and now finally Corti
seems to consider same as being nearest to collina, owing to similarities in the genitalia and we are therefore
classifying same here. Forewings monotonous brown to violet-black with intermixture of grey. The double
transverse lines are more or less distinct; the pale orbicular stigma is small, bi-pupillate, reniform stigma
with black centre and pale inner edge; black sagittate marks before the subterminal line. Hindwings dusky
grey with paler fringes. Antennae yellowish, bipectinate — chalybaea Trti. is a greyer, more boldly marked form chalybaea.
with colouration like that of senna. From Sardinia and Corsica.

Rh. devota Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 15 i). With this species a very difficult group of closely related species devota.
commences. The illustration in Main Volume being unsatisfactory we are again illustrating this species (8 k),
that is so very like renigera. The transverse lines are much less pronounced than is generally the case in renigera.
Compare what is said under renigera in regard to this species. From same it will be observed that devota is held
by some to be a form of forficula.

saturatci.

funestissi-

ma.

nigrescens.

argentina.

caerulescens.

Rh. argentea Kozh. is placed in the renigera group and is most like devota. Ground colour is a glossy argentca.
pale grey with faintly darker grey or blackish marking; the stigmata are completely absent, transverse lines
are only faintly visible and slightly undulate, being often only discernible in their commencements on costa.

On the other hand the central shade is often rather heavy. Hindwings paler at base, without discal spot. Wing
expanse: 36 mm. Semiretshje (Pishpek).

Rh. renigera Him. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 e). Corti has published several notes regarding this species, renigera.
According to his views, Staitdinger’s creation of the forms intermedia and turana was not justified, as there
are too many transitions in this exceedingly variable species. Even the common european form varies to an extra¬
ordinary degree. Specimens occur from grey-white to orange-yellow and grey-black with yellow, black and orange
coloured admixtures. Similarly the hindwings vary from pale grey to orange-brown and again to black in almost
all possible graduations of shades. The same applies to the distinctness of the markings, which are occasionally
very definitely clear and then again scarcely discernible. In asiatic specimens there is an inclination towards
reddish colouration ( erubescens Stgr.) (8 k). Bang-Haas has denominated an especially extreme erubescens
as: — saturata i. 1. — funestissima Bub. denotes a good form from Sierra Nevada, which is characterised by
very dark grey-black fore wings. We are illustrating a specimen of this denomination from the Pyrenees (8 1)
which Corti had classified here. — nigrescens Kitt. is a transition to same. Corti would have preferred to
include this form under funestissima . It was described from Le Vernet in the East Pyrenees. — argentina
Car. ( = argentea Car.) (8 k as “argentea”) is a very fine, thoroughly justified subspecies of pale silvery grey
colour from the southern Dobrudja (Balcic) on the Silver Coast. — caerulescens Wgnr. (8 1) is a remarkable
grey-blue race from Sultan-Dagh in Asia Minor and this is especially noteworthy, as in the neighbouring steppes
of Akshehir exclusively the form erubescens occurs. Corti has therefore expressed the opinion that this may
possibly be a genuine species; caerulescens has diffuse markings and a rosy tinge in marginal area. Underside
with strikingly wide, dark and sharply defined marginal area and wide white margin, which is characteristic
of the forficula and hadjina forms. — contermina Corti (81) has almost unicoloured very pale sandy coloured contermina.
fore and hindwings which are more delicately suffused with rose in the $ than in the <£, markings more or
less distinctly marked with deep brown and ochreous. From Aleppo. — furiosa A. B.-H. (81) is a large form, furiosa.
dusted with violet -reddish, boldly marked with deep black costal spots and grey-black hindwings; from Garni
(Peter the Great Mountains). As the illustrations in the Main Volume of the type, as well as of the form funebris
are not good, we are giving fresh illustrations of both again here (8 k and 1).

Kozhantschikov has made a special study of the group of forms around renigera and he would group
them quite differently. According to his researches the species belonging here can be divided into 2 groups
according to the genitalia. The first type would include all the species with equally wide valves which are
slightly chitinous and having narrow pointed harpes; the superficial characteristics of this group are obtuse-
angled wings with delicate markings. The following would thus be classified here: forficula Ev. (= dumosa
Donz., caucasica Stgr.) with ab. hadjina Stgr., ab. zeituna Stgr., ab. turana Stgr., ab. intermedia Stgr., ado. erubes¬
cens Stgr., ab. devota Chr., ? ab. furiosa B.-H., ? ab. nigrescens Kitt., ? ab. funestissima Bub. The 2nd type
would embrace the species with firm, heavily chitinous valves having a sharply curved upper edge and wide

Supplementary Volume 3 9

RHYACIA. Ry Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Dratxdt.

66

harpes, which curve downwards; the outer characteristics of this group are more acute-angled wings with
coarser, heavier markings. This would include only renigera Him. with subsp. junebris Stgr.

forficula. Rh. forficula Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 35). This species does not come under Euxoa, but is closest to renigera. We

are giving an illustration (9 a) of this somewhat smaller species. It is pale with dense irrorations, indistinct
markings and can be differentiated by a wide, dark, sharply defined outer margin on underside, which renigera
has not got.

hadjina. Rh. hadjina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 15 i). This species should also be placed here. We are giving a

better illustration (9 a), the illustration in Main Volume being a poor copy. We are also giving a good illus-
zeiiuna. tration of the pale form: — zeitima Stgr. (9a). In regard to this “species”, compare what was said under
renigera.

tatens. Rh. latens Him. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 11 f). The illustration was not good, we are giving a fresh picture

ilium inaict. (9a). The foi’m from Italy is not identical: — illuminata Trti. (= apennina Sohn-Refhel) from the Majella and
Monti Sibillini, is a much paler, whitish grey form which is generally more distinctly marked and thus so
similar to certain specimens of grisescens albescens, that same can only be differentiated by the somewhat
longer pectinated antennae and rather more arched frons. Generally however the ground colour is slightly
obscura. more luteous and the black irrorations coarser. — ab. obscura Schiving. is a much darker grey-black form
from Carinthia.

pallidi- Rh. pallidifrons Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 b). According to Corti, this should be classified next to

frons. Jatens and according to its appearance it seems to have natural affinity to same.

electra. Rh. electra Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 d) woidcl also come into this group, having much similarity to

latens, as well as grisescens.

grisescens. Rh. grisescens F . (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 6 g). The illustration in Main Volume is good, that of the $ represents

fasciata. an aberrative form with dark central band, which Vorbrodt has named — fasciata; it was described from
defasciata. Pontresina, but is found occasionally over the whole area of distribution. — defasciata Wendtland denotes spe¬
cimens without the dark central band; described from the Rhineland, but occurring everywhere. Occasionally
melanic specimens occur, which besides the black shading, have a violet hue. Such a specimen ex the collection
of Corti is n'ow illustrated (9 a). Vorbrodt mentions a similar specimen from Davos, which was in the first
albescens, instance held to be a melanic aberration of simulatrix. — albescens Sohn-Rethel (9 b) is a form with whitish,
often silvery whitish ground colour, that occasionally has a yellowish tinge, almost devoid of irrorations, the
dark markings being delicate but clear, the dark shadings reduced; also the hindwings are purer white with
contrasting dark marginal band. The form is fairly common in the Abruzzi territory in Italy, but is also
mentioned as occurring in Albania, Bosnia, etc., although there it seems to have a more yellowish grey tone.
nivescens. The Abruzzi specimens are very like — nivescens Rbl. described from South Russia (Govt. Woronesh). Body
and wings pure white, the latter with blackish grey markings, only a dark wedge-shaped mark of the middle
shade is retained, between the stigmata. These are white with dark surrounds. Hindwings white faintly
tliicinscha- brownish grey at apex and margin. — thianschanica Stgr. (9 b) is now illustrated from a typical specimen. —
nica. grisescens should not be classified under Euxoa, where Hampson had placed it, but it should be grouped quite
close to latens.

cognita. Rh. eogfiita Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 b). According to Corti this is also neither a Euxoa nor a Feltia

and is best classified here.

caradrinoi- Rh. caradrinoides Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 e). The old illustration was a copy and not very recognisable.

des. \\re are giving a fresh picture here (9 b).

fugax. Rh. fugax Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 c). This is the oldest representative of this difficult group of very

similar species. The illustration in Main Volume was not good and we are giving a fresh one (9 c).

ala. Rh. ala Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 55). We are illustrating this species (9 b). It is very like fugax, but differs

in the first instance by the whiter hindwings which have no heavy discal lunule. Hampson even considered
same to be a form of fugax, but it is certainly a genuine species, that is apparently found throughout western
Asia.

photophila. Rh. photophila Gn. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 c). The old illustration was unsatisfactory and we are giving

a fresh one (9 d). The species is distributed over North Africa from Morocco to Algeria and in places it is
common. It sometimes occurs in such numbers as to be a regular nuisance round the lamps. From further
east, Egypt and Syria it has not yet been announced. — ignipeta Obth. seems to have been denominated from
a specimen, to which incorrect (pectinated) antennae have been artificially applied. Hampson considered plioto-
phila and sollers to be synonymous, which is possibly correct; the latter species seems however to differ,
but it may only be the asiatic form.

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Cobti and Dr. M. Dbaudt.

07

Rh. sollers 8t.gr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 d). This name embraces a large number of varieties and forms, 8olhr<.
which will still have to be gone through to establish their claim to specific rank. The illustration in Main
Volume suffices, though it might be a shade less yellow-grey. — obscurior Stgr. (9 d). We are giving a better obscurior.
illustration.

Rh. sollertina sp. n. (9d). This differs from sollers by the much bolder and clearer markings; it is sotlerlina.
somewhat larger, grey-brown, the double transverse lines interfilled with paler shade, between them there
is a heavy dark central shade; orbicular stigma somewhat diagonally oval, with dark and conspicuous centre.

The postmedian area becomes gradually darker towards the lighter marginal zone; subterminal line is pah
and clear, posterior to same dark acute-triangular marks on margin. Fringes faintly checked with dark. Hind-
wings grey-brown, duskily suffused at margin with dark marginal line and whitish fringes. From Aksu.

Rh. Candida Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 d). This is certainly a genuine species. The illustration is fair, Candida.
the markings shoidd be somewhat more clearly prominent. — obsoleta Cobti ined. (9 d) is a nice, pale reddish obsoleta.
yellow form with very faint, but clearly defined markings. From the northern Lebanon (Becharre).

Rh. vestilina Hmps. ( Pglr . ined.) (9 b). Hampson held this still to be a photophila form, but it is vestilina.
certainly a genuine species. It is smaller than Candida, just as pale, somewhat more clearly and distinctly
marked and differing mainly by the pure white hindwings having veins increasingly darkened with faint brownish
shades towards the margin. Described from Aksu.

Rh. paralia sp. n. (9 d) is without a doubt very like vestilina, but is somewhat more sleek in build, with par alia.
narrower wings. It is similarly coloured, but has clearer markings, transverse lines more distinct, the anterior
one double, the posterior line with pale outer edge. The orbicular stigma is quite absent, reniform stigma is
only a dot in the lower angle of cell; the central shade has a distinct and dark, boldly excurved line below cell;
marginal area darker. Hindwings purer white than in vestilina with much less heavily darkened veins and
marginal area. From Altyn-tag and Kuku-nor.

Rh. laetifica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 12 e). The old illustration is a copy that does not give the right laetifica.
impression of this fine species. We are giving a fresh picture (9 c).

Rh. dormitans Corti ined. (9 c) is very close to preceding species, but is purer grey-brown and much dormitans.
more monotonous in shade, markings however similar. Only the transverse lines are not so regularly curved,
the dentations being more irregular. Hindwings much paler and scarcely darker towards margin. Kuku-nor.

Rh. poecila Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 c). The illustration of this beautiful species is not good and poecila.
we are giving a better picture (9 c). This species is widely distributed in Central Asia and apparently it is
frequently common.

Rh. alaina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 11 c). The illustration is scarcely recognisable, we are illustrating alaina.
this fine species afresh (9e). - alexatldra B.-H. i. 1. ? (9e) is a very dark form suffused with violet -grey alexandra.
dusting so heavily that the markings are scarcely discernible. Also hindwings are very dusky.

Rh. junonia Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 11c). Petebsen declares that this is synonymous with alaina, junonia.
but nevertheless it appears to be a genuine species. Colouration is more ochreous without the reddish tone,
hindwings are paler whitish and dusted with grey-brown. Illustration in Main Volume suffices.

Rh. achtalensis Kozh. According to wing contour this is most like alaina, but it is of quite different achtalensis.
colouration with very diffuse markings. Ground colour is grey with brown admixture and luteous markings,
which consist only of 2 transverse lines; the anterior one is almost straight and very wide, the posterior line
is also wide, arc-shaped and heavily dentate; a dark mark between the stigmata, which are however entirely
absent. The unicoloured marginal area is intersected by the slightly darker veins. Hindwings grey without
any discal spot. Wing expanse: 39 mm. Described from the Caucasus (Achtala).

Rh. suavis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 11 d). The illustration of this fine and peculiar species is quite good, suavis.
only the central area and stigmata might be slightly better defined. Stabdingeb created the Genus Ammo-
grotis for this species, but this seems superfluous. — superba A. B.-H. is of a much more lively colouration, superba.
pale yellowish to brilliant yellowish red ground colour, varying considerably from type; forewings with fainter
blackish dustings, stigmata and transverse lines standing out. prominently, costal spots are distinct er and
blacker and fringes have bolder checks. Hindwings pure white and nicely glossy with only very faint shade
or band at margin, which is often almost absent. Juldus territory.

Rh. oreas Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 56). This should be placed here and not to renigera. We are giving an illus- areas.
tration of the species (9e). It is of monotonous pale grey colouration with peculiar stigmata, that stand
out like dark spots and it is easily recognisable in consequence. Our illustration is of a $ and the A is larger,
sleeker and with wider wings. The marking, except for the stigmata, is very obscure. Hindwings pale luteous,
darker at margin with discal lunule and postmedian band; fringes whitish. From Aksu.

68

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draitdt.

violetta. Rh. Violetta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 11 c). The illustration in Main Volume is not good, we are giving

a fresh one (9 e). The species is remarkable by the narrow, paler marginal area of forewings and the small

pale orbicular stigma with its definitely dark centre; the transverse lines are somewhat paler. Fringes with
darker checks. Hindwings pale, increasingly dark towards margin.

socors. Rh. socors Corti (9 e). This is close to sollers, helvetina and also lucernea. Body and wings yellow-

brown, markings rather diffuse, transverse lines rather more distinct, of the stigmata only the small reniform
stigma is visible, anterior to same a dark diffuse central shade is indicated; outwardly of subterminal line
there is a pale buff band, which gradually becomes darker towards the margin. Hindwings barely paler than
forewings, only slightly so towards the base and having white fringes. Alexander Mountains; Djarkent
(Tokmak).

helvetina. Rh. helvetina Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. lie). The following fresh denomination has been given to an

fasciata. aberration: — fasciata Vorbr. with distinct dark middle shade. Described from Gaclmen. — Besides there are

pyrenaica. the following races: — pyrenaica Bours. of smaller size than the Swiss specimens and of pronounced yellowish
plumbina. ground colour. East Pyrenees (Porte) and Hautes Pyrenees (Gedre), — plumbina Wgnr. (9f) from Meran,
Martell valley, is also a distinct race of almost dark slate-grey colouration. — The larva is unusually long
and slender, of velvety dark blue-black colouration — “like ripe bilberries” — with pale brown legs and without
discernible dorsal or lateral lines. It is superterrene, i. e. not a subterraneous feeder and spins up in a frail
puparium close to the surface of the ground.

gilva. Rh. gilva A. B.-H. has very similar markings to helvetina and is probably closely related, but the

ground colour is pale yellowish. Forewings narrower with distinctly prominent central area, orbicular and
reniform stigmata paler and more distinct, claviform stigma is absent. The marginal area is devoid of markings
and with very faint dividing line in the yellow fringes. The unicoloured hindwings vary little in colour from
forewings. Wing expanse: 40mm. Taurus (Aintab).

plumbea. Rh. plumbea Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 12 i). The old illustration, which was made from a copy is now

arschanica being replaced by a better picture (9f). - arschanica /. n. (9 f) is a smaller, darker form with more diffuse
markings; the white definition of the stigmata and transverse lines is absent and this is especially noticeable
in the darkly shaded reniform stigma. From East Turkestan.

subplumbea. Rh. subplumbea Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 11 e). This illustration also was bad and we are giving a better

one (9f). Also the description was incorrect. Forewings are by no means brownish fuscous, but very dull
leaden grey to grey-black, the stigmata with faintly paler surrounds, the transverse lines extinct, only faintly
indicated by yellowish scales, the outer line more sharply dentate. Hindwings impure grey, paler towards
the base, darker at margin with discal lunule and dark transverse line. Underside more whitish, only more
darkly suffused at costa. It occurs between Lob-nor and Kuku-nor.

diplogram- Rh. diplogramma Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 11 f). The illustration of this small and insignificant species

ma- is quite unrecognisable and we are giving a better one here (9f). Forewings grey with ochreous admixture
and peppered with brown, the anterior transverse line double, the posterior one single, dentate, with yellowish
outer edge, between them a dark central shade; instead of the subterminal line, there is a row of ochreous dots
with dark sagittate marks anteriorly.

proterva. Rh. proterva Pglr. (= gregalis Corti i. 1.) (Vol. 3, p. 51) (9g as “gregalis”). A small species, that at

first glance looks like diplogramma, also like a small devota. Antennae with shorter fasciles of cilia than diplo¬
gramma, forewings with more elongate apex and wider outer margin; colouration greyer, markings otherwise
similar, fringes whitish. Hindwings brownish grey. From Altyn-tag.

hampsoni. Rh. hampsoni A. B.-H. (lli) is a very remarkable small species, that superficially resembles various

Anarta species. Forewings grey-black with greenish sheen, partially bestrewn with yellowish. Orbicular and
reniform stigmata somewhat darker black than ground colour, both transverse stripes indicated by yellowish
lines, also a faint subterminal line before margin. Fringes yellowish. Hindwings grey-blackish with white
fringes. From the Juldus territory.

squalida. Rh. squalida Gn. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 11 g). The synonym confinis should be annulled. We are in a

position to illustrate Gitenee's type ex the collection of Corti, ex coll. Oberther (9g). The moth is much
greyer than the illustration in the Main Volume and the markings are more delicate.

vadosa. Rh. vadosa Corti (9g) is certainly very close to squalida, but it is much darker, so that the markings

are less visible on the darker ground. Otherwise it is very similar, but the reniform stigma is much wider
and the posterior transverse line has not a paler outer edge. Nothing can be seen of a paler subterminal
line and the extremities of fringes are scarcely paler. Also the hindwings are much darker, especially at
margin, whilst the whitish fringes contrast more vividly. Probably the Uliassutai specimens classified by Stager
as “ confinis ” should be placed here. Changai Mountains.

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draitdt.

69

Rh. suspicax sp. n. (9g). Denoted by Corti as a new species from 2 from the Taurus. Tt is paler suspirax.
grey, with coarser dark .irrorations, otherwise closely resembling squalida ; the markings are more distinctly
black, especially the anterior transverse line; the subterminal line appears to be more distinct owing to darker
interspersions on the inner side, in contrast to the paler marginal area. Orbicular stigma is both larger and
elongated to a sharper point. Hindwings much whiter, scarcely darker at margin.

Rh. confinis Stgr. ( 9 g) is not identical with squalida, but is a separate genuine species. It is much con j bus.
paler grey and the colour is more uniform, transverse stripes sharply defined and distinct, they have not paler
edges. Also the stigmata are not paler than the ground colour, but simply outlined by delicate black, the
orbicular stigma being larger than in squalida-, subterminal line is indicated by a darker edging on inner side,
in contrast to the paler marginal area. Hindwings more uniformly pale grey-brown, slightly darker towards
margin. Fairly widely distributed in western Asia, from N. Persia to the Altai.

Rh. inermis Corti. ined. ( 9 h). This is another closely related species. It is perhaps a shade darker inernw s.
than the very similar vadosa, but whilst in the latter the markings are clearly distinct, in inermis they are
scarcely discernible in the dark ground. Stigmata and transverse lines are only faintly indicated; the narrow
marginal area is somewhat paler, the subterminal line thus indicated is less undulate than in the other species.
Hindwings more whitish, beyond the faintly darker subterminal line there is a narrow white marginal area
and at the base of fringes there are interrupted blackish marginal streaks. Kuku-nor.

Rh. subuniformis Corti ined. (9h). This is close to confinis, but more uniformly coloured although subuntfor-
somewhat more irrorated. The transverse lines are much more faint and diffuse, of the posterior line only dots mtS

are discernible on the veins. The stigmata are only indistinctly outlined. Nothing is visible of the subterminal
line and the heavy black marginal dots are very characteristic, as they are absent in the other species. Fringes
somewhat paler than the ground colour. Hindwings pale, there is no darkening at the margin, in fact the base
seems to be slightly duskier than the margin. Veins are tinted faintly brownish. From Thibet.

Rh. solida Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 33) (9 h). This shoidd not be placed in the Euxoa, but in close proximation solida.
to the preceding species. It is very pale luteous, almost devoid of markings, only a few faint black dots on
the veins as indications of the transverse lines and at margin, as in subuniformis, there are also delicate black
dots. Hindwings still paler, faintly duskier towards margin. Veins faintly tinted with brownish. Kok-hand.

Rh. vacillans Corti ined. (9h). This is another very similar species of this difficult group. It can be vacillans.
differentiated by the uniform dark colour, which is most similar to that of squalida, but the transverse lines
are not so distinct, being less curved, with flatter arcs and more heavily black without paler edge. The stigmata
are scarcely paler, similarly heavily circumscribed by black without however being sharply outlined. Marginal
area somewhat paler, a fine pale line anterior to the dark base of fringes. Hindwings much darker than in
related species with more delicate dark line before the pale whitish fringes. Altyn-tag.

Rh. flacca Corti ined. (9h). Also this species still belongs in the squalida group. Forewings uniformly flacca.
and smoothly luteous, without irrorations. Markings like in the previous species, the transverse lines somewhat
less undulate, the posterior one more distinct, owing to dark spots on the veins. It has no paler edge. The stig¬
mata are small and without paler centres. Between them there is a darker oblique central shade. Subterminal
line is only faintly indicated, being almost extinct. Fringes somewhat paler. Hindwings uniformly grey-brown,
scarcely darker at margin. Apparently this is a fairly common species, that is often mistaken for squalida.

It occurs at Issyk-kul and Aksu.

Rh. moechilla Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 29). We can now give an illustration of a typical specimen of this nice moechilla.
species ex the collection of Corti (9 i). It should not be placed with the Euxoa, but certainly belongs here.

Rh. cucuna Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 6 cl). This also should not be classified with the Euxoa, but belongs cucuna.
in the same group as the preceding species. As the illustration in the Main Volume was not very successful,
we are giving a better picture here ( 9 i).

Rh. squalidiformis Corti ined. (9i). Under this name a somewhat smaller representative of this group squalidi-
of species is classified in the collection of Corti. It is from Amasia and is paler, but with more irrorations
than squalida. Orbicular and reniform stigmata have rather darker centres and it is distinctly different from
other species by the presence of a claviform stigma, which is absent in the others. The posterior transverse
line is marked by dots on the veins, subterminal line is quite extinct, on the margin there are heavy black
dots. Hindwings pale as in suspicax and inermis.

Rh. opisoleuca Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 f). This was classified in the Main Volume among the Euxoa, but opisolcuca.
should certainly be placed here. The old illustration was bad and we are giving a better one here (9 i). It is very
similar to squalida and especially to vacillans but it is browner with more indistinct and diffuse markings. Hind¬
wings much darker than squalida. — obsoletipicta Strd. from N. Persia has markings of forewings effaced. obsoletipic-

Rh. aucta Alph (Vol 3, p. 49, pi. 12 d). The illustration in Main Volume is not recognisable, we are aucta.
giving an illustration of a typical specimen ex the collection of Corti (9 i). It is larger and with wider wings

70

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draitdt.

veil/ era.

slabulorum.

glis.

ravidct.

salva.

muse ulus.

quadrat) ga¬
la

ledereri.

mus.

barbara.

simulates.

auguroides.

pseudosi-

mulans.

subdecora.

similis.

than squalida, paler luteous, with more irrorations, the transverse lines sharply dentate, without paler edges.
On margin there are heavy black dots with paler inner edges. Hindwings widely dusky at margin. Thibet.

Rh. velifera Gorti ined. (9k). Another close relation to squalida. It is somewhat smaller than aucta
and much darker, more smoothly scaled and without irrorations. Markings more distinct, both transverse lines
simple, sharply dentate, the posterior one with faintly lighter outer edge. Claviform stigma present. A paler
subterminal line is more distinct than in allied species and has very dark shading on inner edge. Hindwings
about as in squalida. From Kuku-nor.

Rh. stabulorum Bien. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 10 k). The illustration in the Main Volume is a bad copy and wre

are giving a better illustration here (9k). It is easily recognisable by the much greyer colour, which has a

faintly greenish hue and the transverse lines which have paler edges. Persia.

Rh. glis Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 12 d). This is somewhat similar to the preceding species in markings

and pale edged transverse lines, but the colour is entirely different, being a red-brown. The old illustration

was not good, we are giving a better one (9 k).

Rh. ra.vida Schijf. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 10 k). This common and widely distributed species is very variable.
In Corti's collection, designated simply as “var”. from Guberla and Minussinsk, there are specimens of very
dark colour, which perhaps were intended to illustrate a race. We are illustrating one of these specimens (9 k).

Rh. salva Gorti ined. (9 k). This looks like a small, narrow winged, very pale ravula with heavy irrorations
and the delicate markings are only indistinctly visible in the patchy ground colour. The subterminal line with
slightly paler edge towards the darker postmedian area. Hindwings very pale, whitish. From the Juldus.

Rh. musculus Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11b). The illustration of this smallish species is unsatisfactory.
We are giving a better picture here (91).

Rh. quadrangula Zett. (Vol 3, p. 52, pi. 12 e). The illustration in Main Volume is unrecognisable, wre
are giving a better one here (91). The species is like the preceding, but it is of lighter colouration. It varies
in the markings, but the transverse lines are usually fairly pronounced, the posterior one being double. The
most striking feature is the dark quadrangular mark between the stigmata.

Rh. rattus Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 52).

Rh. ledereri Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 12 e). The illustration in Main Volume is unrecognisable, rve are
giving a better one of a typical specimen (9 1). The posterior transverse line is indicated by a double row of dots,
behind these are sagittate marks before the pale wide subterminal line. On the margin there are also heavy
black dots. The cell between the stigmata is filled with deep black, the claviform stigma is elongated and
narrow. — mus Alpli.t (9 1) is a very dusky form without any pale patch. Corti seemed to hold the opinion
that this was a genuine species.

Rh. barbara Corti ined. (91). This is not far removed from ledereri, but it is much larger, with rather
narrower wings and with greater irroration and more patchy markings. The dark interspersion of the cell
between the stigmata is absent. Only the tip of the claviform stigma is faintly indicated. The sagittate
marks in front of the subterminal line are absent and the marginal dots are only faintly present. Hindwings
much paler than ledereri, somewhat darker towards margin. From the Alexander Mountains.

Rh. simulans Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 11 f). The illustration in the Main Volume is too brown, it should
be much greyer. The species often has an almost greenish tone. — auguroides Rothsch. (10 a) according to
Corti, is only a north African race. It is more brownish with irregular irrorations and indistinct stigmata.
From Guelt-es-stel.

Rh. pseudosimulans Kozh. (10 a). This is very similar to simulans, but larger on an average, the wing
contour is somewhat wider, the colouration paler, often much more yellowr in tone. The markings similarly,
but more delicately outlined. Hindwings inclined to be a shade darker. Differs in the genitalia. S. Russia, Cau¬
casus, Transcaucasia, Turkestan, Transcaspia (Askhabad), Siberia (Minussinsk). simulans is distributed through
the forest regions of N. Russia and Asia, whilst pseudosimulans occurs chiefly in the Steppes of the south.

Rh. nictymerina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 81).

Rh. subdecora Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 29). This species was not illustrated in Main Volume, we are now giving
a good picture ( 10 a). It should not be classified with the Euxoa, but here. It also occurs in the Taurus (Marash).

Rh. psammia Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 40).

Rh. similis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 40). This species, which is very like the preceding one, is now being illustrated.
(10 a). It was not illustrated in the Main Volume and the present picture is successful.

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Cobti and Dr. M. Draudt.

Rli. flavida Corti ined. (11 k). This species appears to be very isolated, but perhaps has affinities with flavida.
subdecora and similis. Forewings and body pale yellowish with very faintly indicated grey transverse lines
and outlines to stigmata. Between the stigmata a dark quadrangular mark. The subterminal line is indicated
by grey dentate shadings on the paler marginal area. Hindwings grey-white. From Marash in the Taurus
at an altitude of 800 — 900 m occurring in August- September. Type in the collection of Corti.

Rh. asella Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. II d). Should be classified in this group. As the illustration in Main asella.
Volume is not good, we are giving another one here (10 a).

Rh. wiskotti Stfs. (Vol. 3, p. 51). This very rare species, has of late been often successfully bred and is wislcotti.
now illustrated here (10 d). It is very close to similis. It has no connection at all with culminicola with which
it was formerly classified. Specimens in which the yellow scales almost completely cover the grey ground
colour, are named — flavldior Schwing., whilst others in which the yellow scaling is almost entirely absent and flaridior.
the markings appear very diffuse owing to intensively heavy dark grey dusting have been denominated
deflavata Schwing. Described from the Glockner region. The larva is not a subterranean one, but lives super- deflavata.
terrene and is very active. Corti was the first to successfully breed it from the egg. The full grown larva is
dark olive-green, interspersed with violet-red spots and marbled with velvety black and yellow-grey markings.
Subdorsally there are rectangular sulphurous yellow spots with a black dot therein. It changes to a slender,
lively ochreous brown pupa in a frail puparium. According to Corti its entire biology points to its being a close
relation of lucernea.

Rh. astuta Corti (10 b). This is somewhat larger than the preceding species, the wide forewings are astuta.
luteous with buff admixture, the double transverse lines heavily dentate, the middle shade in striations but
developing into a wide patch between the stigmata. Reniform stigma large and elongate. Subterminal line
double, sharply marked and heavily dentate. Marginal line reddish yellow. Fringes grey-brown. Hindwings
somewhat paler than abdomen, clay coloured, faintly darker at margin. Fringes yellowish white with dark
central line. The $ is somewhat paler and markings are more diffuse. Alexander Mountains. Issky-kul.

Rh. thapsina Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 41). We are now giving an illustration of this small species from a typical thapsina.
specimen in the collection of Corti.

Rh. simidatrix Hbn.-G. (= nictymera Bsd.) (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 12 e). The illustration in Main Volume simulairix.
would not enable one to recognise this species and we are giving a fresh picture (10 b), as well as of the
form — dalmata Stgr. (10 b) which -was not illustrated at all before. According to Corti the disputed relation¬
ship of simulairix to lucernea can be definitely decided, as both are genuine, separate species. In my opinion
this is clearly established by the fact that both occur concomitantly, as for instance in the Abruzzi. I have
ex the collection of Sohn-Retiiel both species from there (Pescocostanzo and Gran Sasso), where they occur
in forms that are easy to distinguish; simulatrix is more monotonous impure luteous with dull and diffuse
markings, with similar hindwings, which never have pure white fringes. Vorbrodt also separates the 2 species
for Switzerland and indicates that simidatrix occurs more frequently in the lowlands of the Rhone valleys
whilst lucernea is purely alpine. Specimens from Albarracin in Spain, where the species is frequent, exactly
resemble the specimens from the Abruzzi. Rebel and Zerny have described a form from Albania, named -
illyrica, which has been placed with lucernea , as they were not certain as to whether a difference in species illyrica.
existed. According to the description and the illustration I feel more inclined to classify this form to simid¬
atrix, next to dalmata. In comparison with same, illyrica is darker, has more distinct and contrasting markings
on upperside of forewings, rather whiter fringes to hindwings. On underside of hindwings, it differs by the
dark marginal band which extends to the outer transverse line and merges with same. Nevertheless its position
is uncertain and its final place will have to wait until the genitalia have been examined.

Rh. lucernea L. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 11 d). Warren already separated this fine species from the preceding lucernea.
one. It is never such a luteous yellow, nor has it such diffuse markings. It is either browner or inclined to
paler bluish to greenish grey; markings are much more definite, especially the subterminal line is more sharply
dentate ; hindwings always with quite pure white fringes and on underside with a wide clearly defined marginal
band. — cataleuca Bsd. (10 b) illustrates a specimen from Meran. — renigera Steph. (10 c) an english form. — caialeuca.
dubia Vorbr. a large grey-white form with diffuse marginal band on underside of hindwings. It thereby ap- r(^^ra'
proaches simulatrix, but is never of such a clay colour and can always be distinguished by the sharply dentate
inner and outer subterminal lines, which are characteristic of lucernea. From the Glacier de Trient, the
Valais. — arguta Corti ined. (10 c) from the Pyrenees, resembles dubia by the more diffuse markings, but is arguta.
darker; subterminal line is sarcely discernible. - pescona /. n. Drt. (10 c) from the Abruzzi, on the contrary, pescona.
is a very pale bluish grey, very clearly marked form with unusually dentate subterminal line, central shade
very apparent but narrow; marginal band of hindwings exceptionally wide and deep black. — imsulicola Trti. insulicola.
(10 c) is very similar, but generally the specimens are larger and forewings are always much darker. They
have a much wider central shade and the margin is much darker so that the subterminal line is scarcely visible ;

72

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

bureschi.

osmana.

defessa.

lucipeta.

bella.

ashworthii .

candela-

rum.

signata.

lactescens.

rubescens.

eryihrina.

dalmatina.

vulpecula.

corsicina.

arcana.

saucia.

decolor.

fuscobrun-

nea.

philippsi.

Icncbricorsa.

eminens.

elegans.

larixia.

funlcei.

owing to its more luteous colour, this form approaches simulatrix, but it is always easily distinguishable by
the wide black marginal bands of underside. From Sardinia (Gennuargentu) and Corsica (Ajaccio). — bureschi
Toul. is a very dark slate-black form with diffuse markings from the Belesiza Mountains. — osmana Wgnr.
(Corti i. 1.) (10 c) is more yellowish, like insulicola, rather than typical lucernea, also the transverse lines are
yellower. The underside of hindwings is especially characteristic, it has not the black adumbration of marginal
area, but is luteous as in simulatrix. Fringes however are white as in lucernea. Taurus, Asia Minor.

Rh. defessa Led. (Vol. 3, p. 51). This nice species has latterly been obtained in good quantities in the
Lebanon district and we are therefore in a position to give a good illustration (lOd).

Rh. lucipeta Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 11 e). The old illustration of this fine species, which also occurs
sporadically in central Germany, was unsatisfactory and we are giving a better picture here (10 d). — bella
Stephan is an aberrative $ with very heavily pronounced luteous markings and extremely dark central shade
and extinct subterminal line. From Heuscheuer (Glatzer Mountains). — obscura and — pallida Druet are
scarcely justified denominations of darker and paler forms.

Rh. ashworthii Dbld. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 11 f). We are giving a better illustration (lOd), as the illustration
in Main Volume was not entirely satisfactory.

Rh. candelaram Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 11 g). The old illustration is barely recognisable, wre are giving
a better one (10 d). — signata Stgr. (10 e) is a nice form. The illustration is of a Swiss specimen. — lactescens
Trti. (= calcinia Sohn-Rethel, molisana DM.) (10 e) is a remarkably aberrative and fine form of almost silvery
white ground colour, faintly bluish in basal area, a trace of yellowish in central area and with more delicate
and dainty markings than signata and entirely without central shade. From the middle and southern Abruzzi. —
ab. rubescens denotes specimens that occasionally occur, where the bluish grey colouration of the main form
is suffused, especially in central area, with reddish or reddish yellow. Schawerda described and denominated
these from Saxony, but I have similar specimens before me from around Berlin.

Rh. erythriiia Rarnb. (Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. 11 i). The illustration of this southern french form, that has
become exceedingly rare, is too dull and markings are not clearly enough portrayed. We are giving a better-
picture here ( 10 f ). The species is now also found in Italy (Central Apennines and Tivoli). In regard to
Switzerland it is only in the Valais that it occurs. Meanwhile however it has been discovered in Dalmatia
(Gravosa) and described as — dalmatina Wgnr. (10 f); this has a much darker and more purplish grey colour,
similar to that of A. senna Hbn.-G. Among this series is a dark fuscous specimen: — ab. vulpecula Wgnr. -
BoiJRsm denotes somewhat still darker specimens from Trayas, which are classified with dalmatina, as -
corsicina Schaw. It is somewhat larger on an average than type, dark reddish brown with purplish violet suf¬
fusion. The transverse lines are much more distinct and faintly reddish. Forewings are silkily glossy. The
pale reddish postmedian transverse band and light subterminal line are very striking. Hindwings grey. From
Evisa. — arcana Schaw. (10 f) is another very pronounced form with completely black colouration and of larger
size. From Vizzavona at 1100 m altitude. The colour is a dark grey-black with faintly violet hue, only the
white costal spots are distinctly marked, transverse bands merely faintly indicated. Hindwings blackish, in $
entirely black.

Rh. saucia Him. (Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. 11 h). Besides the forms named in the Main Volume, the following
have been denominated : — ab decolor Rbl. very pale yellowish grey specimens with obsolete markings. From
Croatia. — fuscobrunnea Strd. Thorax and forewings dark brown, stigmata, costal streak, subterminal area
and apical streak grey. — ab. philippsi Caspari is probably identical with nigrocosta Tutt, like saucia, but
with dark black-brown costal area. — tenebricorsa Schaw. appears to be a genuine race. It has dark black-
brown ground colour, only the costal area is faintly reddish and paler. Markings are still just discernible.
Hindwings strikingly black to the base. Also the underside is much darker than in type. Corsica (Col de Vergio,
Monte d’Oro).

Rh. eminens Led. Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. 11 i). As the old illustration was not particularly good, we are giving
a better one of this fine species (10 f).

Rh. elegans Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. 11 i). The illustration in the Main Volume is not recognisable and we
are giving a better one now (10 f ). This nice species seems to be widely distributed; to be added to the
localities mentioned already, is Italy, where it has been found in the Abruzzi, occurring in profusion.

Rh. larixia Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. 12 i, not “21 i” as stated in Index). The illustration of this rare
species is also not satisfactory. A better picture is now given (10 g). It is also found in the Lebanon (Becharre).

Rh. futikei Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. 12 i). The illustration is quite unrecognisable. This is a relatively
small species and we are giving a good illustration here (10 g).

Publ.24. VII. 1933.

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

73

multifida.

sanct-

moritzi.

Rh. ocellina Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 11 k). We are now giving an illustration of the form — transiens transiens.
Stgr. (10 g), which was not shown in Main Volume. The form is generally paler than ocellina, but the lighter
grey-white markings and especially the much more obscure transverse lines are very characteristic. It occurs
throughout Central Asia.

Rh. alpestris Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 11 k).

Rh. multifida Led. (Vol. 3, p. 54). We are now illustrating this nice species (10 g). The original type
from the Brenner was paler and browner than the form — satictmoritzi A. B.-H. which has a blacker ground
colour with more striking pale markings. In fresh specimens these are bluish white.

Rh. difficilis Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 12 f). This species should also not be classified under Euxoa, but difficilis.
probably belongs in the neighbourhood of the preceding species multifida. The illustration was not good and
we are giving a fresh picture here (10 i).

Rh. degeniata Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 a). The illustration is fairly good, but we are giving a better degeniata.
one of this variable species here (10 h). The illustration of the form — defuncta Stgr. (Vol. 3, pi. 13 a) in the defuncta.
Main Volume is very good, the main difference lies in the much more distinct transverse lines.

Rh. dominatis Corti inecl. (11 i). This is very close to the preceding species, but has a narrower wing dominans.
contour, no black collar, much paler markings and on underside of hindwings a wide transverse band, that
only stretches to the centre of wing and is situate nearer the base than in degeniata. Uralsk (Emba river) ; Naryn.

candelis-

qua.

rana.

cyrnos.

Rh. candelisqua Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 a). The illustration is quite good only perhaps a shade too
brownish. — rana Ld. (10 h) is much paler silvery grey with more delicate markings. From the Abruzzi.
cyrnos Schaw. is a much darker grey-black form with faint markings, also the body being dark grey. Corsica
(Monte d'Oro).

Rh. militaris Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 9 a). This should be classified in juxtaposition to the preceding militaris.
species. We are giving a better illustration here (10 h).

Rh. furushonis Mats. (= roseni Corti i. 1.) (10 h). This may perhaps be a form of the preceding species, furushonis.
It differs mainly by the absent transverse lines and corresponds therefore approximately to the form rana of
candelisqua. Ground colour whitish grey, the basal longitudinal streak as in militaris, as also are the markings
of the stigmata and the cuneiform marks on margin. Hindwings somewhat suffused with grey. From the Amur
territory and Saghalin.

Rh. fidelis Joan. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 9 a). This may perhaps belong close to the preceding species. fidelis.

Rh. porphyrea Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 9 a). — astur Culot denotes the race from the S. Tyrol. Generally astur.
they are larger and darker brown with some grey suffusion and without the rich red tone. Actually the
name was given to identical specimens from the Pyrenees. — nitescens Dhl. from the upper Bavarian moors nitescens.
are similarly dark grey-brown specimens with curtailed white markings, only the small orbicular stigma
being still prominent, claviform stigma being extinct. I captured this form flying in the day time at the
summit of the Himmelsschrofen near Oberstdorf (Draudt).

Rh. trifida Fisch.-Wald. (Vol. 3, p. 25, pi. 12 e). According to Corti this species is neither a Feltia nor trifida.
Euxoa. The usual type has a somewhat bistre brownish tone. — atra denotes specimens from the Crimea which atm.
according to A. Bang-Haas, differ by having deep black colouration. In consequence the white veins stand
out more prominently. In the $$ however this is less pronounced. The latter have dull grey-black hindwings.

Rh. spissilinea (= picturata Kozh.) (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 h). A fresh illustration is given here (7 a).

Rh. submolesta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 12 a). According to Corti this is neither a Feltia nor Euxoa. submolesta.
It has a rough frons but no crater. Fore tibiae with stout spurs. There is no corona to the valve. It seems
best to classify the species here.

Rh. cursoriodes Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 6 c).

Rh. viguraea Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 6 c)

Rh. nyctopis Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 61). — ab. kuijaremsis Strd. has black-brown thorax and dark lcuijaren-
brown forewings with white intertilled double lines. Described from Kashmir. As.

Rh. seditiosa Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 31).

Subgenus: Epipsilia Him.

Rh. hyperborea Zett. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 k). We prefer to select the northern form as type for this species hyperborea.
and are illustrating a typical specimen from Esthland (11 b), as the illustration in the Main Volume was not

Supplementary Volume 3 10

74

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Drattdt.

riffelensis.

iveni.

alpina.

norvegica.

coraxa.

siraminea.

alexis.

herrich-

schaefferi.

vittata.

subvittata.

libetana.

par vulci.

hoferi.

dahlii.

fusca.

provincia-

lis.

canescens.

subdolens.

satisfactory in colouration. — riffelensis Obth. (10 k) is the larger and darker grey form from higher altitudes in
the Swiss and tyrolese Alps (for instance Zermatt, Riffelalp, Ortler territory etc.). — iveni Hbn. We do not
consider this to be identical -with alpicola and are illustrating a very typical specimen (10 k). It is probably
the largest alpine form. — alpina Humphr. and Westw. We are able to give an illustration of this nice Scotch
and Iiish form (10 k). It is said to have been taken, according to Vorbrodt, in a few odd specimens also
on the Riffelalp and in the Albula Pass. — norvegica Strd. differs from alpina by large, well marked stigmata,
which are filled with grey-white scales. The reniform stigma however has a rusty red centre without a dark
inner spot. Hindwings darker dusky brown. S. W. Norway.

Rh„ coraxa Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 k). The illustration was bad and we are giving a better one here (10 1).

Rh. straminea Leech. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 11 d). According to its structure this species must be classified
here, whilst according to its appearance this would not be the case. From Corti’s notes it forms a group
with lorezi and destituta, but I cannot think this is correct.

Rh. alexis Kozh. The author creates the Genus Estimata ( Kozh .) for this and the following species.
Thorax is hairy, antennae pectinate and $$ have stunted wings. At the best they might claim the rank
of a subgenus. They are very similar to herrich-schaefferi and are not larger than same. Ground colour grey,
intermixed with yellow, white and dark scales, with white and browm markings, differing by the grey basal
area, wider reddish brown central area, the stigmata which are pale but without dark circumscriptions, the
quite round orbicular stigma and the cell between the stigmata, which is not darker. The grey marginal area is
narrower, subterminal line dark brown. Hindwings dark grey without central spot and with pure white fringes.
Wing expanse: 25 — 28 mm. Semiretshje (Dzhaidak mountains).

Rlt. herrich-schaefferi Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 12 g). Also this, one of the smallest species, does not
appear to really belong here. The illustration was unrecognisable and we are therefore giving a better one
here (10 k).

Rh. vittata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 a). The illustration was not bad, but we are giving a better one
here (101).

Rh. subvittata Corti (10 1). Described from specimens in the Coll. Oberthur. This species closely resembles
the preceding one but is much smaller and can be distinguished by the completely absent orbicular stigma so
that the costal streak together with the median nervure and the reniform stigma enclose an uninterrupted
dark wedge-shaped area. Hindwings are paler than vittata. The type emanates from Ta-tsien-lu.

Rh. tibetana Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 a). In Corti’s lists this species is placed next to pallescens Btlr.,
which is a Gerastis. This classification would perhaps be preferable.

Rh. infantilis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 a).

Rh. parvula Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 a). The illustration in Main Volume is not satisfactory and we are
illustrating this small species again here (101).

Rh. pancta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 37).

Rh. hoferi Corti (121). Corti also places this extraordinary species in the Subgenus Epipsilia, although
it does not seem correct. Thorax black-brown, collar contrasting yellowish white. Forewings bluish grev-
white to postmedian, dusted with brownish especially at inner margin of central area and with very heavy
black basal streak. Transverse lines double interfilled with slightly paler colour. Orbicular stigma forming
a small circle with black central dot. Reniform stigma velvety black with distinct blue-white circumscription,
between the two a deep velvety brown central shade, which is bent in a rectangle at lower end of cell. Before
the subterminal line is a wide faintly darker grey band. Hindwings pale brownish grey with whitish fringes.
Ta-tsien-lu, from a single <$.

Subgenus : Diarsia Him.

Rh. dahlii Him. (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 e). The illustration is not bad, but it is rather too dark for
the most usual form; such $9 specimens are denominated: — fusca Lenz. The deep black dot at tip of
claviform stigma, which is never absent is particularly characteristic of this species and always enables one
to recognise same. In the collection of Dr. Corti there are a number of new forms of this group, which clearly
were in part intended to be described as species. — provimcialis Corti ined. (He). This is a robustly built rich
brown form, well marked with bold dark bands in cliscal and subterminal areas. Especially the latter contrasts
strongly from the paler marginal area. From Cogne. — canescens Btlr. (11 e). As will be seen from our illustration
this is by no means identical with subdole?is. It is an especially large form with sleek wing contour. Col¬
ouration is blackish brown with purplish grey hue and not red-brown. — subdolens Btlr. (11 e). On the other
hand this is somewhat smaller, but nevertheless larger than the european form. It does not vary much from
the type in colour, but the dark subterminal band is always distinct and pronounced. Corti seems to have
thought it possible, that this was a separate genuine species. From Sutschansk.

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Drattdt.

75

Rh. subochracea Corti ined. (He). This is an especially narrow winged species with pale markings, subochracea
Costal area more yellowish than the purplish black suffused inner marginal and marginal areas. Otherwise
it is very like dahlii, but the more vertical transverse markings, which are never so oblique as in dahlii, in¬
dicate that same is a distinct species. Stigmata are smaller, the reniform stigma yellowish in upper half,
in the lower half it is densely filled with blackish. From Ta-tsien-lu. Type in the collection of Corti.

Rh. fannyi Corti ined. (11 e). This species is again one with wider wings. Ground colour inclined to jannyi.
violet black, only the reniform stigma being somewhat paler and more yellowish than the ground. The space
before same and behind the orbicular stigma is filled with deep violet black. The dot at end of claviform
stigma is only very small. Discal and subterminal bands are only indicated by very faint lines and in fact
all the transverse markings are only very faint and delicate. Hindwings uniformly bistre with slightly paler
fringes. From 1 $ from Kuku-nor (Thibet). Type in the collection of Corti.

Rh. hentici Corti ined. (Ilf). This is another species of sleek build, wing contour being like that of henrici.
subochracea. It is pale reddish brown with darker markings, generally similar in colouration to Leucania evidens.

The stigmata are not paler than the ground colour, the claviform stigma is very wide, the dark dot in same
is not black, but brown and only faint. The space between the stigmata and the central shade is deeper brown.

Thibet. Type in the collection of Corti.

Rh. subcanescens Corti ined. (Ilf). The general impression reminds one of dahlii, but it is much subcanes-
paler brownish and without the reddish yellow tone. The transverse line markings are very delicately cens

drawn and only faintly darker brown. The double anterior transverse line is also situate nearer the centre
of inner margin. Central shade and subterminal band are faintly darker brown, the dot in the claviform
stigma exceedingly minute. Orbicular stigma is not paler than the ground colour whilst the reniform stigma
on the other hand is dotted with black in centre and filled with blackish at lower end. The fine somewhat
paler subterminal line is shaded with dark on outer edge. On margin there is a fine slightly darker line. Hind-
wings uniformly dark grey-brown with pale yellowish fringes. Japan. Type in the collection of Corti.

Rh. ochracea Wkr. (Ilf). This species was omitted from the Main Volume. Outwardly it looks ex- ocliracea.
actly like the preceding subochracea, but is immediately distinguishable by the pectinated antennae of the
which in subochracea are only faintly fascicular ciliate. Generally the wings are slightly wider, otherwise
the markings and colouration are identical. The costal area is perhaps a shade more yellowish than reddish
brown, the inner marginal and marginal areas slightly more dusted with grey. The transverse markings
are slightly more oblique. Hindwings darker grey-brown with reddish yellow fringes. Thibet; W. China; Japan.

Rh. dannehli Corti ined. (11 f). This remarkable species, established from a single caught <$ looks like dannehli.
an enormous, very wide winged dahlii of pure ochreous yellow colour and with very striking grey-black central
band. The other markings are only faint, but the dot in the claviform stigma is distinct. Hindwings pale
blackish with yellowish fringes and blackish marginal streaks. From Gran Sasso. Type in the collection
of Corti.

Rh. takanmkui Mats. This should probably be placed in this group and it resembles the subsequent takamukui.
interca. Forewings greyish brown with indistinct darker markings and double transverse lines. At base of
cell there is a black-brown spot. Orbicular stigma is large with brown circumscription, open on top and below.

Reniform stigma yellow-grey, claviform stigma small and black-brown. The fine pale subterminal line is
shaded outwardly with brownish black and there is a dark triangle on costa. Hindwings somewhat paler,
dusky towards margin and with dark central spot. Wing expanse: 49 mm. Japan (Honshu).

Rh. interca Mats. Forewings red-brown, markings like those of deparca, with large stigmata, orbicular interca.
round, paler than ground colour, reniform yellowish, extended inwardly at lower edge and edged outwardly
with brown. Transverse lines extinct, central line oblique, marginal veins peppered with grey; the posterior
transverse line double, both collaterals widely separate. Hindwings grey -brown, paler at base with bistre
fringes and extinct central spot. Wing expanse: 36mm. Japan (Honshu).

Rh. deparca Btlr. (Vol. 13, p. 37, pi. 8 a). Looks very like ochracea but is much more reddish brown, deparca.
The illustration is good.

Rh. stictica Pouj. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 a) and — semipleta (pi. 8 b) are satisfactorily illustrated in
Main Volume.

Rh. olivascens Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 b).

Rh. torva Corii ined. (Ilf). This is a narrow winged species, the colour is a brownish grey and markings torva.
are much bolder and clearer than in the preceding species. All the transverse lines, also the subbasal are double
and boldly dentate. The stigmata as in dahlii, also the spot in claviform stigma is present. Subterminal line
distinct, pale with dark brown shade on both sides. Between same and the postmedian there are double
black spots on veins with whitish between. Hindwings pale bistre with paler yellowish fringes. From Siao-lu.

Type in the collection of Corti.

76

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

murtea. Rh. murtea Corti ined. (11 f). This is somewhat similar to the preceding, hut wings are wider, darker,

more red-brown and markings more diffuse. The mediana is blackish in cell and the space between the
stigmata is deeper brown. The transverse lines and stigmata are red-brown, not blackish. The subterminal
line is quite extinct. Hindwings dark brown-grey with extinct central spot and arc, fringes and anal tuft
reddish yellow. From Ta-tsien-lu. Type in the collection of Corti.

erythraea. Rh. erythraea Corti ined. (11 g). This is a remarkable species, that is closest to murtea. It is however

a rich brown, circumscriptions of stigmata and the interfilling of transverse lines being somewhat bluish white.
The central area between and below the stigmata is deeper red-brown. The transverse lines are double,
red-brown, similarly the inner shade of subterminal line and the fine crescentiform streaks on margin. Hind-
wings pale bistre with grey dusting and wide yellowish red fringes. From Ta-tsien-lu. Type in the collection
of Corti.

cirida. Rh. arida Corti ined. (11 g). Also closely resembles dahlii. It is a wide winged, pale reddish brown

species with very few markings. The transverse lines can only just be discerned, the posterior one being very
long and sharply dentate. The small orbicular stigma is only indicated by 2 darker brown dots outwardly and
inwardly. The reniform stigma is a very narrow yellow-red crescent with very thin inner blackish edge, the
outer edge being slightly thicker. Before same there is a faint central shade passing close by the postmedian
to the inner margin. The position of the subterminal line is only indicated by very faint brownish black cunei¬
form marks on its inner edge. Hindwings pale bistre with somewhat whitish fringes. From 1 <$ from Seening
(Thibet). Type in the collection of Corti.

festiva. Rh. festiva Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8 h). This has been dealt with exhaustively in the Main Volume

primulae. and its many forms described. The illustrations are also quite good, but Corti in his notes takes — primulae
Esp. as nomenclatural type, which in his opinion scarcely differs from festiva. To the many forms mentioned
disparata. already we have to add — disparata Corti ined. (11 g) from Lapland which looks almost like a brunnea by its
dark violet brown colour with still darker patch between the stigmata and its bright yellow-red anal tuft.

lamentanda. Rh. lamentanda Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 40). Corti removes this from among the forms of festiva and considers

same to be a genuine species. It certainly has wider wings than festiva.

mutila. Rh. mutila Corti ined. (11 g). This new species is very like lamentanda. It has wide wings like same,

but it is not ochreous yellow, but pale brownish grey. The space between and before the stigmata is blackened.
There is also blackish irroration behind the reniform stigma, the stigmata themselves are somewhat whiter
than the ground colour. Transverse lines are indicated by sparse blackish scales, also claviform stigma is
present. The subterminal line is fairly wide, paler than the ground and edged with a dark shade that is parti¬
cularly noticeable near costa. Hindwings also paler like the forewings. Fort Naryn. Type in the collection
of Corti.

norvegicola. Eh. brunnea Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10b). To be added to the forms are: — norvegicola Strd. head,

thorax and forewings brownish grey with olive coloured suffusion, no reddish or purplish colouration. From
suffusca. Sondmore in Norway. — suffusca Strd. has paler grey-brown forewings, fringes browner than in type. The
violet suffusion is only faintly visible in basal half of costa. The stigmata are not very distinct. In place
of the claviform stigma, a small black ring. Hindwings fairly pale. Norway.

flavibrun- Rh. flavibrunnea Leech (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi 10 e). This should be placed here according to Corti together

nea- with the following species and canescens also similarly.

brunnes- Rh. brunnescens Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 g). This species is only somewhat browner than canescens

ems. and the markings are rather more distinct.

Rh. ruficauda Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 f).

rubicilia. Rh. rubicilia Moore (= nigrosigna Moore) (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 f). This is similar to the previous species,

but it has a more olive yellow colour. The dusky brown -black hindwings have bright red fringes. Kashmir.

Rh. basistriga Moore (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 f).

Rh. tincta Leech (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 10 f).

Rh. griseivena Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 10 g).

descripta. Rh. descripta Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8 g). The illustration is rather too black and does not truly represent

pachnobi- this small light grey species. We are therefore giving another illustration here (11 g). — pachnobides Stgr. (11 g).
des. Dr. Corti removes this from the list of synonyms, but I cannot say whether he intended same to be now
considered a genuine species. According to Filipjev this is certainly not the case. It is larger, more robust
and markings are brighter and more distinct. Ground colour is a soft violet grey, partly dusted with red-brown,
the cell between the stigmata widely dark. Also the whole area behind the postmedian is dark grey-brown
with a violet hue. Probably these two are only forms of some variable species. From the Amur.

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

77

Rh. pimicea Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 b). The description of this species was incorrect. There is no punicea.
trace of “olive” to be seen. The ground colour is a dull brown with violet-grey suffusion, the bands are a
warmer rufous.

Rh. marcida Christ,. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 e). This should be classified here although it has such a different marcida.
appearance. It is certainly no Euxoa. As the illustration was poor, we are giving a better one here (10 i).

Rh. draesekei Corti (11 i). This resembles marcida, but is larger and differs by having a dark brown draesekei.
dentate outer transverse line, oblique orbicular and dark claviform stigmata. It is not yet definitely certain
where this species should be placed, but we are classifying it here. From China, the Western Mountains near
Peiping.

Rh. pelita Corti ined. (11 h). This fine species shows a close relationship to pachriobides. It is smaller pclila.
and markings are brighter and more varied. The cell between the stigmata and also the space before the orbi¬
cular stigma are deep black, the central shade is narrower and more definite, there is a distinct subterminal
line in the darkened postmedian area. Beyond same the marginal area is lighter and irroratecl with bluish grey.

A small black dot at end of claviform stigma. Hindwings darker than in pachnobides. From Raddeffka. Type
in the collection of Corti.

Rh. exusta Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 c). We are giving a better illustration of the form — nigromacuiata
Graes (11 h).

Rh. exustifonuis Mats. This is very closely related to exusta, but it is smaller, the markings of forewings
are darker. Between the stigmata there is a dark brown quadrate spot. The stigmata themselves are indistinct.

The wide postmedian band extends to centre of inner margin. Hindwings pale grey with 2 diffuse black-brown
bands behind the centre. Fringes ochreous reddish. From South Saghalin in August.

Rh. baja F. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 k). — cinigera Filipp (11 h) differs by bluish grey instead of reddish dnigera
brown ground colour of the type form. Size and markings are otherwise the same. The entire wing expanse
is coloured a bluish grey in contrast to coerulescens Tutt in which only the costa and basal area are thus col¬
oured; cinigera occurs from Minussinsk to East Siberia (Sutschan). — nisseni Rothsch. (11 i) is the tunisian
race, large, dull brown without the violet reddish tone of the main european type form. It has dull pale stigmata,
very delicate transverse lines and with prominent; dark dots on the subterminal line. Ain Draham, Tunis.

mgromacu-

lata.

exustifor-

mi$.

nisseni.

guadarra-
mensis .

Rh. guadarramensis Bours. (11 k). This reminds one superficially both of brunnea and dahlii, also
of f estiva, but it is held by its author to be nearest to brunnea. Ground colour is a darker red, not such a
violet brown. Apex of forewdngs is straighter, not “slightly falcate”. The postmedian area to the fringes
is uniformly dark, the antemarginal area is no paler. At tip of claviform stigma the usual black dot. Orbicular
stigma is large, almost quadrate, not paler than the ground colour. Between same and the reniform stigma
which is filled with whitish at top and reddish brown below, the cell is dark. In front of the spotted pale
subterminal line there are 3 small cuneiform marks. Hindwings brown with somewhat reddish fringes and
dark central spot. From S. France, the High Pyrenees (Gedre, Heas) and Spain (Sierra de Guadarrama) ;
from the middle of June till mid August.

Rh. nebula Leech (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 e). In colouration and marking this reminds one very much of nebula.
the form cinigera of baja, but it is paler grey and always larger. The illustration suffices.

Rh. tarda Leech (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 f). The illustration in the Main Volume is too indistinct. We are tarda.
giving a better one here ( I 1 k). It is also known to occur at Sutschansk. According to Filip jev it should
be placed as a synonym to dewitzi.

Rh. dewitzi Graes. (Vol. 3, p. 47). We are now able to give an illustration of this small species (11 k). dewitzi.
It reminds one less of polygona, than of tarda, the previous species. This appears only to be rather darker
violet brown, whilst dewitzi is lighter red-brown with paler yellowish costal area. Probably both are forms
of one and the same species.

Rh. olivascens Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 b).

Rh. homochroma Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 81).

Rh. isochroma Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 11 c).

Rh. orphnina Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 45).

Rh. obuncula Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 c).

Rh. mandarinella Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 c).

Rh. ishidae Mats. The author compares this species to E. recussa, as however Corti does not place ishidae .
same to the Euxoa, I am placing it here owing to its resemblance to the other members of this group. Fore wings

78

RRYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Drattdt.

blackish brown, cell black; the quadrate orbicular stigma is open above and below, also the reniform stigma
is quadrate; below the mediana there is a black basal spot, the short claviform stigma has a black circum¬
scription; anterior transverse line is double, the posterior one is only distinct behind the cell; the black sub¬
terminal line is barely visible. Hindwings grey with dark discal lunule. Wing expanse 34 mm. Hokkaido.

rubi. Rh. rubi Vieiu. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 c). In regard to this common small species, we have to add that

quadra- specimens that are especially heavily suffused with red are named — quadratum Hbn. — floridoides Did. is
a name given by Dannehl to very large pale and brightly marked and coloured specimens from the S. Tyrol.
They are not identical with florida Schmidt, which is a North German form.

turn
floridoides.

kcrmesina. Rh. kermesitia Mab. (Vol. 3, p. 41). It has now been ascertained that this nice species, of which we

are illustrating the red type (Ilk) is much more widely distributed. To the localities mentioned in the Main
Volume we have to add: Sardinia and Algeria, over wide areas and Syria (Akbes). The forms that have been
found there have been partly described as Athetis ( Garadrina ) species. To be enumerated, partly as synonyms
flavida. are: — flavida Gulot ; the type from Malaga is ochreous yellow with faint orange hue. Specimens from Algiers
are more of a milky coffee colour. Only 3 black spots on the costa are visible of the markings, the transverse
lines can only be discerned as minute black dots by means of a magnifying glass. The subterminal is as a
rule slightly more distinct, with a darker shade on inner edge. Hindwings white in the brownish in the
deledans. $. The more brownish form from Algeria is named — delectams Obth. which we are illustrating (111). — suavis
suams. oijifi very like the red type, but it is more of a salmon reddish brown colour and has besides the 3 black
albida. costal spots, no other markings. Described from Lambessa. — albida Ribbe ( — pallida Fclz.) are very pale
sclinoides. whitish specimens. — seliiioides Ribbe (11 1) (= darroensis Ribbe) are grey specimens which remind one in
virescens. colour and marking strongly of Ath. selini. — virescens Trti (11 1) has greenish grey colouration and generally
more distinct markings, especially the central shade and subterminal line. From Sardinia. It is sometimes
very difficult to separate kermesina from some of the forms of xanthographa . Apart from the different genitalia,
the $ antennae give a clue. In kermesina they have regular fascicles of cilia, whilst in xanthographa in each
fascicle there is one longer outstanding hair. — The larvae hatch in September after having been 10 days
in the ova. The full grown larva is reddish ochre brown, the dorsal and subdorsal lines that -were present in
the earlier stages, vanish at maturity. It has then only an indistinct lateral line and a darker band above same.
It feeds on low growing plants and hides by day, but it is not a subterranean larva. When full grown it enters
the earth and forms a frail earthen puparium in which it rests for 3 — 4 months before changing to a pupa.
There is only one generation. The moth emerges in September-October.

lycophotioi- Rh. lycophotioides Rothsch. (111). This is somewhat larger than the previous species. It is dark

des. brownish buff, heavily peppered with black. Transverse lines and stigmata rather indistinct, only the reniform
stigma has a rather more blackish centre. The pale subterminal is boldly shaded on inner side, somewhat
like in xanthographa palaestinensis , which it sometimes closely resembles. There are distinct black dots on
straminea. margin. Hindwings quite pure white, or faintly dusky at margin. — straniinea Rothsch. is slightly more yel-
inconspi- lowish clay coloured and scarcely worthy of denomination. — inconspicua Rothsch. is a trifle more reddish
cua. yellow. Both these forms are just as heavily peppered with black as the type. Algeria (Guelt-es-stel). -
faroulti. faroulti Rothsch. established from a single $, seems to belong here, according to Corti. It is unicolourous bluish
grey with completely extinct transverse lines and rows of dots posterior to the outer line. Reniform stigma
sharply circumscribed with black. Hindwings darker than forewings. Wing expanse: 42 mm. El Mahouna,
Algeria.

algirica. Rh. algirica Corti ined. (11 1). Under this denomination in Corti’s collection, there are specimens that

are very like the previous one, but I am unable to state, without a closer examination, whether same are closely
related. The structure of the antennae is certainly the same, only the fascicles of cilia are perhaps a little
more robust and longer. It has wider wings and can be immediately differentiated by the pale brown-grey
liindwdngs, which are not white but paler at the base. Forewings are the same brownish buff colour, but
they are more regularly peppered with black than lycophotioides ; the stigmata are larger, rounder ; reniform stigma
has no black centre ; the space between the stigmata is scarcely darker ; transverse lines are delicately black,
dentate, the anterior one is only double near the inner margin; the dark subterminal shading extends from
costa only to centre of margin; the dark marginal dots are absent. Type: 1 <$ from Lambessa. October.

Rh. petersi Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 12 h).

Rh. tenuis Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 12 b).

lorezi. Rh. lorezi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 8 k). The illustration of this remarkable species is fairly satisfactory.

It has been captured in greater numbers recently and we are able to give another illustration here (11 i). It
is an isolated species without closer relationship to the others of this group.

Rh. destituta Leech (Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 8 k).

Rh. sikkima Moore (Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 8 1).

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Coeti and Dr. M. Deaudt.

79

Rh. stentzi Led. (Vol. 3, p. 42, pi. 9f). The illustrations in the Main Volume were very good and etenLzi.
suffice to identify this nice species. It is widely distributed in Asia. — punjabeiisis Strd. has greyer forewings punjaben-
ancl a definite central line and more distinctly black claviform stigma. Kashmir, Punjab.

Rh. ulricl Gorti ined. (12 a). There is no doubt that besides stentzi there is a second species that closely ulrici.
resembles same. In the first instance it has narrower, more elongate wings and it is of somewhat larger size.

The colouration is approximately the same, but the postmedian area contrasts by its paler grey from the
general reddish brown ground colour. The pale subterminal line beyond same is very regularly dentate. The
claviform stigma is longer. Alexander Mountains ; Kuku-nor.

Rh. dulcis Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 42).

Rh. refulgens Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9f).

Rh. musivula Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9g).

Rh. obliqua Gorti ined. (12 a). This is related to the stentzi group. It is a small species; collar deep obliqua.
velvety black. Forewings purplish black, paler brownish towards the margin. Costa widely pale grey, with
faint violet suffusion like the stigmata. A deep black triangle basally below the cell. A wide bluish grey
oblicpie band outwardly extends over the wing just beyond the deep black claviform stigma. Both the other
stigmata shaped as in stentzi. The postmedian line is simple, undulate and dentate. Marginal area is narrowly
darker than the paler brownish plain postmedian area. No distinct subterminal line. Small black triangles
on margin. Hindwings uniformly bistre with more whitish fringes. Ta-tsien-lu. Szechuan. Type in the col¬
lection of Coeti.

Rh. c -nigrum L. (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9g). Various denominations of the darker aberration have been c-nigrum.
made of this very variable species. Actually these are all superfluous. The oldest name for same is probably:

— Uinbrata Schultz (= nigrescens Bur esc h , maerens Dhl.). They are unicolourous dark violet-black specimens, umbrata.
Only the triangular orbicular stigma that is paler towards costa, a black dot at base of wings and the costal
mark are visible. — rosea Tutt are paler, somewhat reddish suffused specimens forming a transition to degenerata rosea.

Stgr. — depravata A. B.-H. has duller blackish forewings with a slightly coppery sheen. Orbicular stigma and depravata.
the central costal paler mark are absent. Hindwings as in type form. Described from Yarkend. — degenerata degenerata.
Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9 g). According to Coeti’s researches, this is no separate species, as the genitalia are
exactly as in c-nigrum. It is merely the paler and generally slightly smaller central asiatic form, which is
also found in Spain.

Rh. stupenda Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9 h).

Rh. mandarina Leech (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9 h).

Rh. vidua Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 43, pi. 9 h).

Rh. subpurpurea Leech (Vol. 3, p. 44).

Rh. consanguinea Moore (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 h).

Rh. triangulum Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9i). — avellana Hirschke are very pale reddish brown speci- avellana.
mens. — obseurior Sdlzl are the counterpart, being very dusky. obscurior.

Rh. ditrapezium Bkh. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 i). The illustration was not very satisfactory. We are giving ditrapezium.
a better illustration here (12 a). As in the former species, especially pale specimens are named: pallida Hoffm. pallida.

These are described from Styria, but occur everywhere. — orientalis Strd. Described from W. China and Japan, orientalis.
They have darker bodies and forewings, the colour is a deep purplish. Hindwings as in type but with ochreous
fringes.

Rh. plecta L. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 k). Many aberrations of this common species are described. — mucidata muddata.
Dhl. The stigmata are extinct. The pale costal streak is enwidened covering the entire area of the stigmata
and diffusing gradually outwards. — rubricosta Fuchs with costal streak darker reddish, forming a transition rubricosta.
to — fuscicosta Hirschke with costal streak still darker, so that it no longer contrasts with the red ground colour. — fuscicosta.
strigata Hirschke denotes very pale specimens with more distinct transverse lines and dark triangular spot strigata.
on costa before the subterminal line. A distinct basal streak. — fasciolata Heinrich has veins at margin of fasciolata.
hindwings dusted with black to an extent of 2 — 3 mm, creating the impression of a subterminal marginal
band. — plectella Strd. has a purplish costal area like rubricosta, but at the same time the subcostalis andmediana pleciella.
have white streaks.

Rh. leucogaster Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 10 a).

Rh. sigma Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 a). — ab. terminalis Strd. On forewings the costal and marginal terminalis.
areas, excepting near the anal angle are paler rose-red. In all probability this is the same as nubila Esp.

80

RHYACIA. By Dr. A. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

stigmatula.

xanthogra¬

pha.

budensis.

xanihosta-

xis.

margineor-

nata.

astixis.

rufa.

obscura.

nigra.

funerea.

almohada.

lepida.

pulverea.

triscriata.

herzi.

coturnicola.

modcsta.

argillacea.

hcrzioides.

Rh. rhomboidea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 b). — ab. stigmatula Hartig. This denotes specimens without
the dark patch between the stigmata and in front of the orbicular stigma. Described from Terlan, but also
found occasionally elsewhere, although it is a rare aberration.

Rh. umbrosa Him. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 c).

Rh. xanthographa Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 d). A most variable species. — budensis Err. The illus¬
tration in Main Volume was not very satisfactory. We are giving a better illustration here (12 b). It is a
very large sandy grey form with distinct and delicate markings. The following further aberrations are described:

- xanthostaxis Dhl. Ground colour dark and unicolourous. Both stigmata with yellow centres. Subterminal
line is also pale yellow. — margineornata DM. describes similar specimens, w'hich however have the marginal
area pale yellow. — astixis DM. denotes specimens in which the stigmata have no circumscriptions. — rufa
Tutt are pronouncedly reddish specimens. — obscura Tutt, — nigra Tuft and — funerea Gauckler cover all
shades of dark specimens and with the exception of the last named form, w'hich denotes the extreme blue-black
colouration, appear superfluous. — almohada Wgnr. (12 b). This is a pale reddish brown form. The space
between the faintly marked stigmata is only slightly darker. Of the transverse lines only the posterior one
is retained as a row of dots. Behind same is the distinct blackish submarginal band. Hindwings pure white
with faint subterminal band which is separated from the similarly faint margin by a pale zone. This form
occurs more or less as a race in Tunis.

Rh. lepida Costni. Whether this may claim specific rank, or whether it is merely a form of the variable
xanthographa, has not yet been definitely ascertained. It is described from 2 $$ and 1 <$. Forewings dark
red-brown, marked as the previous species, but the transverse lines are more simple, about as in umbrosa.
The stigmata are quite extinct, with delicate yellow circumscriptions. There is a yellow streak on the mediana
conjoining them as in rectangula. Only the reniform stigma is darker in its lower lobe. Claviform stigma
is absent. Hindwings impure wdiite with darker border and discal spot. From the Apennines of Modena, Sestola.

Rh. pulverea Hmps. The position of this species is not yet definitely certain. Corti places it with
a “?” to xanthographa. Hampson placed it widely separated from this ( Agrotis sens. Hmps.) in the Genus:
Lycophotia, but the differences between these two “Genera” are so insignificant, that I am placing same in
the Rhyacia. It has the appearance of a grey palaestinensis and does not differ in any way in the markings
from xanthographa . Hindwings are white, veins and marginal band dusky, darker in the $, with white fringes.
Wing expanse: 32 — 36 mm. Described from Cyprus.

Rh. poliogramma Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 6 g).

Rh. putris L. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 10 k). — triseriata Moore the much darker form known from Japan
and N. India, has now also been discovered in Szechuan (Omihsien, Kwanhsien). We are illustrating a typical
specimen from there (12 b).

Rh. herzi Christ. (12 b). In the Main Volume this was united with the following species coturnicola,
but this was incorrect ; herzi is a somewhat smaller species and the ground colour inclines more towards an
olive shade, the stigmata are somewhat larger, the orbicular stigma is quite round, the middle shade is more
in the form of striations, the postmedian is not dissolved into dots. Its area of distribution is further west¬
wards, in Mongolia (Uliassutai) and Transbaikalia (Vilui).

Rh. coturnicola Graes. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 12 b) (101). As mentioned in the preceding species, this is
somewhat larger, otherwise it is very similar. The colouration is redder, the stigmata inclined to be smaller,
the orbicular stigma is not so regularly round, the central shade is wider merging with the dark area at inner
margin. The postmedian is supplemented by dots on the veins. Claviform stigma is almost indistinguishable.
From the Amur.

Rh. modesta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11 c). This smaller species is best classified here. The illustration
in Main Volume is not good. We are giving another illustration of the species here (12 b). It resembles rubi,
but is smaller and with more elongate wings.

Rh. argillacea Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 58, pi. 13 h). This also shoidd be classified here. The Subgenus Peris-
sandria, which was based on a $ with stunted wings, is superfluous. The species is variable, but rarely as
pale as our illustration. We are therefore giving a better illustration (12 b) of the usual form, which in the
Main Volume is enumerated as albistigma (Vol. 3. pi. 13 h).

Rh. poliocliroa Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 58).

Rh. herzioides Corti ined. (12 c). This is a small species, belonging in the plecta group, resembling the
form : mucidata Dhl. Pale rufous with widely diffused pale yellowish costal streak extending over cell and base.
Of other markings there is only a black dot at base of costa, a dot on postmedian nervure and blackish marginal
triangles. Fringes pale yellow. Hindwings thinly scaled, very pale grey. Base of fringes yellowish. Ta-tsien-lu.
Type in the collection of Corti.

Pull. 20. XII. 1933.

RHYACIA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Drattdt.

81

Rh. digna Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 d). The illustration is fairly good, but rather too large and heavy, digna.
the species is rather daintier. The author originally created the Genus Raddea for this species.

Rh. panda Leech (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 d).

Rh. molothina Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8e). A better illustration (12 c) is being given here. We are molothiua.
also illustrating a typical specimen of the rather daintier race occidentals Bell. (12 c). occidentals

Rh. perigrapha Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 c). The illustration was quite unrecognisable. A better illustra- perigrapha
tion of this very rare species is therefore being given here (12 c).

Rh. kononis Mats. According to the description I am inclined to place this species here. The author lamons.
compares same to deplanata Ev. which is scarcely similar. Forewings brown with double transverse lines inter-
filled with whitish. The very large oval orbicular stigma is pale grey, the cell before and behind same is
black-brown. The narrow reniform stigma is also pale. Before the pale grey marginal area there is an
undulate subterminal line with white spot on costa. Fringes paler, with blackish base line. Hindwings pale
grey with darker subterminal band. Only $9 are known. Wing expanse: 34 — 35 mm. North Saghalin.

Rh. castanea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8g). In the south the form ab. neglecta Him. is the more usual, castanea.
in Sicily for instance it appears to be the predominant form. In the Tyrol this grey form frequently has a
brownish hue. In the S. Tyrol transition forms occur, i. e. neglecta with a heavy rufous tinge, which is not
confined to the base. It is named — subrubra DM. and is said to differ from the english form laevis Haw., subrubra.

which more or less corresponds to the nomenclatural type of castanea. — syriae Strd. has pure white hindwings syriae.

with dark marginal band. Syria.

Rh. obsolescens Petersen according to the genitalia, is very close to castanea. It is however not a form dbsolescens

of same, occurring however at. the same time as typical very dark rufous castanea. In shape and markings it

resembles castanea, but the ground colour is a nice dark leaden grey, somewhat like that of ashworthii , with
bluish grey tone. Hindwings are darker than in castanea. The species occurs on heaths with scattered pine
trees in Esthonia.

Rh. flavirena Moore ( = vulpina Moore) (Vol. 11, p. 59, pi. 7 k) was omitted from Main Volume, but flavirena.
occurs in Kashmir on the boundaries of palaearctic territory. Corti classifies it next to the preceding species.

It is larger, a bright fuscous, veins somewhat dusted with whitish and has a very distinct ochreous yellow
reniform stigma. Transverse lines indistinct, only a few dots indicate the subterminal line. Hindwings blackish
brown with ochreous red fringes. Wing expanse: 46 mm.

Rh. lucens Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 11 f).

Rh. deplorata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 11 g). The illustration in the Main Volume was unsatisfactory, deplorata.
A better illustration is given here (12 d).

Rh. sennina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 50). This is probably a genuine species. Apart from the narrower wing sennina.
contour, it is much darker and the ground colour more speckled, markings less distinct, the dark patch in
cell between the stigmata is absent as also is the black basal streak. We are illustrating (12 d) a specimen
from Sutshanski-Rudnik .

Rh. senna H ,-G. (Vol. 3. p. 50, pi. I I a).

Rh. contorta Rbl. & Z . is somewhat larger than the closely related senna. It is wider in the wing, of contortn.
glossy fuscous ground colour without the whitish grey admixture. Stigmata and double transverse lines are
intertilled with brown and not with whitish grey. Marginal area a striking pale brown before the subterminal
line. The latter has a dark shadowy inner edge. Hindwings dark black-brown, tips of fringes white. Wing
expanse: 37 mm. From Albania (Beshtriq), a single 2 captured in August.

Rh. anachoreta H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11 a). The illustrations are satisfactory.

Rh. luperinoides Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11 a).

Rh. stridula Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11 a).

Rh. cuprea Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11 a). The area of distribution, given as N. Europe, can be extended cuprea.
to cover S. Bavaria, the entire Alps and Italy. The form from south Bavaria, that inhabits the moors, is
named — palustris Osth. It is larger than the alpine specimens and is of uniformly dark colouration without palustris.
paler basal and marginal areas. The form from the Abruzzi I denominate — livescens j.n. (12 d). It is more livescens.
bluish grey in colour, the discal area is scarcely darker, but the cell is deep black between the stigmata with
their delicate white circumscriptions and the claviform stigma is large. Also the mediana is delicately white.

From Pescocostanzo. Specimens with a quite pale brown ground colour and almost extinct stigmata are

Supplementary Volume 3 11

82

RHYACIA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

pallida, named: — pallida Hofjm. (= pallescens Stephan). Such specimens are described from Styria and the district
around Glatz.

ononensis. Rh. ononensis Brem. (= scaramangae Alph.) (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. lib and 12 d). The two names are

certainly synonymous. The illustration on pi. 12 d is quite unrecognisable, whilst that on lib is fairly satis¬
factory. We are giving a better illustration here (12 d).

praecipua. Rh. praecipua Stgr. on the other hand is not synonymous with ononensis. It is a genuine species, which we

are illustrating here (12 d). It is smaller and has narrower wings than ononensis, is of much duskier colouration,
has no pale streaks on veins and only the median nervure and a wide costal streak are slightly paler. The
subterminal line is scarcely discernible. Other markings however are fairly similar. Hindwings rather paler.
Mongolia, Siberia, the Amur territory.

lasciva. Rh. lasciva Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 12 d) cannot be recognised from the illustration in Main Volume. We

are illustrating a fine specimen (12 c) from Margelan in Turkestan.

Rh. juldussi Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11 b). The illustration fairly represents the species.

Subgenus: Pseudospaelotis McD.

conjuncta. Rh. augur F. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 10 g). — ab. conjuncta Schille denotes a fairly common aberration in

ioibolskensis. which a black longitudinal streak extends from reniform st igma to the posterior transverse line. — tobolskerssis
Shelj. is much darker black-grey with indistinct transverse lines and white fringes to hindwings. Tobolsk (W.
nigra. Siberia). — nigra Vorbr. is a dusky, almost blackish form described from the Gotthard and also occurring
in the Tyrol.

haruspex. Rh. haruspex Le Gerf. Forewings rufous; anterior transverse line faint, black, excurved in and below

cell; stigmata with black circumscriptions, orbicular stigma small, inclined to be oval, claviform stigma 2 mm
long and quite black, no central shade, the posterior transverse line forms a blackish shadowy band, that
is extended outwardly on the veins forming projecting points. In place of a subterminal line, there are whitish
dots with short blackish sagittate marks anteriorly. Hindwings blackish grey, somewhat paler at base. Wing
expanse: 39 mm. Described from 1 $ from Morocco.

bipariita. Rh. bipartita Graes. (Vol. 3, p. 51). Corti was in doubt as to whether this species should he classified

here. In the Main Volume it was placed after defessa Led. Besides the type, only one other $ specimen is
known to Filip jev, who would prefer to classify same near brunnea. According to Warren it is certainly
a Rhyacia. From Sutshan.

Subgenus: Actebia Steph.

fennica. Rh. fennica Tausch. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 10 g). The illustration was poor, we are therefore giving a better

illustration (12 b). This fine species is remarkable on account of its sexual dimorphism. In the $ the ochreous
yellow inner marginal stripe is absent. Switzerland must be deleted from the area of distribution. Vorbrodt
is very doubtful and says that questionably many years ago 2 badly worn specimens were reported to have
been captured in Aargau and on the Wengernalp. On the other hand Petersen states that the species is

unicolor a. known to occur at Reval. Kozhantschikov describes an — ab. umcolora that differs through the absence of
the pale streak on inner margin of forewings; as unfortunately the sex is not indicated, it may be assumed
that this is merely the normal $.

praecur- Rh. praeeurrems Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 g). The illustration in Main Volume is not satisfactory and

re n.s. we are giving a better illustration here (12 e).

jlavomacu- Rh. praecox L. (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 g). The form — flavomaculata Graes. is now illustrated (12 e) from

lata. a typical specimen from Yokohama.

adomata. Rh. adornata Corti ined. (12e). A new species that should be classified here. Body and forewings

brownish grey interspersed with coarse greenish white scales. These are most dense on head and patagia. Trans¬
verse lines are undulate and dentate, double, intertilled with paler scales; orbicular, reniform and claviform
stigmata are large with black circumscriptions and greenish grey-white centres. Costa somewhat darker:
subterminal line whitish with long black sagittate marks anteriorly. A distinct black marginal line; posterior to
a yellowish white base line, fringes are checkered. Hindwings grey-brown, rather more thinly scaled and
paler at base and in disc. A distinct black base line to fringes. From 1 <$ from Ta-tsien-lu. Type in the
collection of Corti.

dizyx. Rh. dizyx Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8 f ) . The illustrations are not bad. The sexes diverge considerably.

We are giving a fresh illustration of the <§ (12 e) so as to show the relationship or affinity to the previous
species and in accordance with the intention of Corti.

SPINIPALPA; XESTIA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

83

Subgenus: Aniphitrota Warr.

Filip jev lias studied the question of the justification of this recently created Genus and has ascer¬
tained (Ann. Mus. Zook Ac. Sci. URSS. 1927, p. 234) that at best it may claim the rights of a subgenus, in
which ravida Schiff. (compare p. 70 of this Supplementary Volume) should be included, owing to the similarity
in the genitalia. Corti was inclined to think that stabulorum Bien. and glis Chr. should also be included. On
account of superficial similarity we have classified them with the squalida group which is certainly
closely related.

Rh. unicolor Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 57) is a purely american species! The alleged specimen from Kamschatka has unicolor.
proved itself to be a nigricans L. and a second specimen, that had been bred at Sidemi, belongs to suecica.

Rh. suecica Auriv. (Vol. 3,p. 57, pi. 15 k) appears to be widely distributed over Asia and Europe. Mean- suecica.
while specimens have been captured at Moscow and Leningrad, as well as at Sutshan. Probably the species
is often mistaken for others. Fillpjev designates same as an inhabitant of the forests of european Siberia.

Rh. karafutoois Mats, is somewhat like squalida and is a large species with narrow wings. Forewings karajutoni
dark grey with delicate black markings, transverse lines double, the posterior line boldly undulate and dentate.

The large orbicular and reniform stigmata are elliptical; the large claviform stigma conical; veins slightly
dusted with black in outer area, the subterminal line paler grey. Hindwings paler than forewings, darker at
margin and with white fringes. Wing expanse: 47 — 49 mm. S. Saghalin in August.

Rh. isshikii Mats, is closely related to the preceding species, but much smaller. Forewings dark grey isshikii.
with reddish hue. At base a short black basal streak. Anterior transverse line double, the posterior one single
with paler outer edge. Orbicular stigma oval, incomplete above and below, reniform stigma only indicated by
a black dash, claviform stigma indistinct, beyond same a faint central line. Fringes paler than ground with dark
basal line. Hindwings pale grey with whitish fringes. Wing expanse: 35 — 40mm. Saghalin. This and the
preceding species are being placed here provisionally, possibly they woidd be better classified in the squalida
group.

27. Genus: Spiiiipalpa Alph.
S. maculata Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 58). Compare also Vol. 11. p. 62.

28. Genus: Xestia Hbn.

X. antiqua Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 58, pi. 15 k).

X. koeppeni Alph. (Vol. 3. p. 58, pi. 15 k).

X. ochreago Hbn. (Vol. 3. p. 58, pi. 13 i). This species, which has meanwhile also been discovered in ochreago.

S. Bavaria (especially around Oberstdorf) varies in colouration from buff to fuscous and rufous. — pallida 'pallida.

Schaw. has very pale yellow-brown, faintly marked forewings and straw coloured hindwings. The larva is pale

green with indistinct pale lateral stripe and feeds on Verbascum and Tussilago, probably also on other low
plants; it hibernates in the open, but can apparently be forced. Recently it has also been found in Albania.

X. habichi Rbl. is almost exactly like ochreago, but differs in the antennae. In the without pectin- habichi.
ations, serrate on inner side with two rows of fascicles of cilia, the length of which exceeds that of the width
of the shaft. In the $ the cilia are longer and bolder than in ochreago. Length of forewings: 16 — 17 mm.

From the Schneeberg near Vienna in July.

X. apfelbecki Rbl. <$ with ciliate bipectinated antennae. Forewings short and wide, pale ochreous yellow apfelbecki.
with two delicate brownish transverse lines that are not dentated and with wide central shade. The stigmata
are quite absent. Subterminal line extinct, inwards of same a faint brownish edge. Hindwings whitish,
yellowish towards costa with delicate discal spot. Described from 1 $ from Bosnia.

X. miniago Frr . (Vol. 3, p. 58, pi. 13 i). — antennalis Strd. is a form with pale brown antennae, those of antennalis
the type form being white. Forewings with completely transverse diffuse central shade. From Asia Minor.

X. xestiodes Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 58, pi. 13 i).

X. fuscisignata Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 58, pi. 13 i).

X. effundens Corti (12 f' ) should possibly be classified in a new Genus. Head and thorax are grey- effundens.
brown like the abdomen. Forewings uniformly grey-brown. Of the transverse lines only the heavily dentate
subterminal line is visible. Basally there is a very long, deep velvety brown basal streak. Orbicular stigma

84

APLECTOIDES ; ANOMOGYNA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

propitia.

urushonis.

speciosa.

oibscura.

virides-

cens.

janae.

aegrota.

rybaichien-

sis.

clisabethae.

borealis.

large, grey-white, very elongated, elliptical on upperside diffusing into the somewhat paler costal margin. The
large pale reniform stigma has brownish centre, the cell between the stigmata being fuscous. In the rather
darker marginal area there are dark sagittate marks to margin. Fringes yellow-grey. Hindwings monotonous
grey-brown. From 1 $ from Omeishan (Szechuan).

brunneago. X. brunneago Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 59, pi. 13 k). The illustration is scarcely recognisable and a better

illustration is now given (12 f) of a specimen from Kuku-Nor.

29. Genus: Aplectoides Btlr.

A. propitia Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 59). I am not altering the order of the classification of this species, although
Cortt was of the opinion that it did not belong here, without indicating however where he thought it
should be placed.

A. furushorsis Mats, appears to stand about halfway between propitia and speciosa, differing from the
former by the larger reniform stigma and a quadrate deep brown patch between the stigmata. Antennae
pectinated as in propitia. Forewings grey peppered with black-brown and with black transverse lines. The
large pale grey orbicular stigma is quadrate. The pale grey reniform stigma is also large. Central line wide,
brownish, the space posterior to the dentate postmedian line is dusky brown. Marginal area light grey with
black marginal lunules. Hindwings pale grey with obscure dark marginal band and discal spot. Saghalin
in August.

A. speciosa Him. (Vol. 3. p.59, pi. 13 i). The illustration shows a transition to the obscura form and
does not show a typical specimen. We are therefore now showing the type form ( 12 f). Specimens from central
Germany and Esthonia are almost identical with same. The form — obscura Frey is synonymous with millieri
Culot. — viridescens Trti. is a race from the southern Monte Rosa territory and the Alpes Maritimes, occurring
also occasionally as an aberration in the Engadine. It has greenish white ground colour, imitating the lichens
of the rocks, on which the moths rest. In any case it is a much paler form than obscura, which is the general
type occurring there. We are able to give illustrations of the forms — janae Herz from N. Siberia and
aegrota Alph. (12 f). The former occurs at Tunkun, Sajan Mountains, the latter figures a specimen from
Mongolia. The quite recently described — rybatchiensis Kotzsch, which is said to be a subspecies, taken on
the Rybatshi peninsular, would seem to be merely a slightly smaller form of janae Herz. An aberration of
same with contrasting black and white markings is denominated — elisabethae Kotzsch.

A. borealis Nordstrom is a recently described new species, that is about midway between speciosa and
the subsequent An. laetabilis. Forewings grey-yellow, coarsely scaled with brown, most densely so in central
area. It has dark brown transverse lines and a delicate dark brown basal streak. The anterior line is undulate,
the posterior one more dentate, both have diffuse grey-white edges on averted sides. The whitish stigmata
have dark brown edges, the centres are not darker and also the cell space between them is no darker than
ground colour. Claviform stigma is absent, or merely indicated as a small dash between the two transverse
lines. Instead of a sub terminal line there are dark brown sagittate marks and beyond same on the margin
dark brown lunules. Fringes are grey-yellow with dark brown checks. Hindwings whitish yellow-grey with
discal spot and wide brown central band that is darker on the veins. Wing expanse: 35.5 — 37 mm. It differs
from speciosa, with which it is similar, by the postmedian line, which only forms one arc in the anal area,
by the narrower central area and the band on hindwings. It differs from laetabilis by the shorter palpi,
longer serrations to antennae, bristly spurs on fore tibiae and in the normally developed wings of the y.
The genitalia of borealis are entirely different from those of the two species with which it is compared.
Jamtland (Sweden); occurring as early as June.

30. Genus: Aiioiuogyiia Stgr.

Icononis. A. laetabilis Zett. (Vol. 3, p. 59, pi. 13 k). The illustration is very good. - konotiis Mats, differs

from the main type form bv much purer pale grey colouration with darker reniform stigma, hindwings with
wide black-brown marginal band. It differs from the similar sachalinensis by the reddish tinge of the under¬
side and in this it resembles tamanukii. However it differs from the latter by a black-brown postmedian band
on all wings. Wing expanse: 34 mm. N. Saghalin in August.

A. obliterata Zett. (Vol. 3, p. 59, pi. 18 a).

yatsugada- A. yatsugadakearta Mats, is larger than laetabilis, although otherwise very similar. Forewings grey-

keana. brown, with whitish and black-brown markings. The double transverse lines interfilled with whitish, with
black basal streak below median nervure. The very large orbicular stigma is white with black circumscription.
Reniform stigma with brownish centre. The pale subterminal line has a blackish brown inner shade. Fringes
with yellowish checks. Hindwings yellow-grey with dark discal lunule and marginal line. Wing expanse: 40 mm.
Japan (Honsho).

sachali nen- A. sachalinensis Mats, resembles a very dark A. speciosa obscura, but is much smaller and according

sis. to its build belongs to Anomogyna. Forewings grey, dusted with black. Anterior transverse line white, fine
black outer edge. Orbicular stigma oblique and oval. It is white with dark centre. The white reniform

ANOMOGYNA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

85

stigma has a black dot in centre. Posterior transverse line is similarly white, edged inwardly by a black
dentate line. There are 2 black spots before the white subterminal line, one at costa, the other in centre.

Fringes with black checks. Hindwings like those of speciosa with 2 black- brown undulate bands near margin.

Wing expanse: 32 mm. N. Saghalin.

A. sincera H.-Schdff. (Vol. 3, p. 59, pi. 13 k). The typical sincera is a much paler grey and much larger sincera.
with wider wings than the illustration, which might be taken as being the form rhaetica. — obscura Helbig obscura.
denotes dusky blackish specimens of the latter.

A. adducta Herz was omitted from Main Volume. W. Petersen has made a study of the species and adduda.
states that same is a genuine species and not a form of sincera, as was presumed by Herz. Ground colour
of forewings is rufous, more or less dusted with whitish grey. Both stigmata, especially the reniform, are
smaller. The transverse lines are scarcely discernible. The black basal streak is distinct in merely indic¬
ated in $. Subterminal line and sagittate marks before same are barely visible or not visible at all. Hind-
wings uniformly dusky yellow-grey without the grey-white hue of sincera. From Vilui.

A. tamaiiukii Mats, is like sincera but differs by the dark grey colour, larger and somewhat oblique tamanukii.
orbicular stigma. The latter is larger than the reniform stigma which has a brownish centre. Costa and
fringes with reddish tinge. Hindwings with wide black-brown marginal band. antennae serrate with sessile
fascicles of cilia. Underside dusted with reddish brown. Wing expanse: 38 — 40 mm. N. Saghalin.

A. griseola Mats, resembles tamanukii, differing by the longer and narrower formation of wings and griseola.
paler ground colour. Anterior transverse line distinct, with white inner edge. Orbicular stigma larger but
extinct, the reniform stigma similarly, especially outwardly. Postmedian line narrower, a distinct black sub¬
terminal line. Costa and fringes without the reddish tinge. Hindwings paler, abdomen longer. Wing expanse:

41 mm. N. Saghalin in August.

A. albuncula Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 59, pi. 13 k). The illustration of this rare species in the Main Volume was albuncula.
not successful. We are therefore now giving a good illustration of a specimen from Kamschatka (12 g).

A. gelida Sp.-Schn. (Vol. 3, p. 59, pi. 14 a). We are also able to give a good illustration of this rare gelida.
species (12 g) from a typical specimen from Muonio (finnish Lapland).

A. vega Herz (Vol. 3, p. 59) (12 g) occurs in the Malchan Mountains. The description of forewings in vega.

Main Volume: “elongate” was an error. It should have read: forewings bluish, ashy grey. It resembles gelida,
but markings are more diffuse. The transverse lines are certainly not, as was previously stated, only plain
towards inner margin. They are delicately and not conspicuously dark. The posterior line is much less
sharply dentate. Both lines have whitish edges on averted sides. The distinct black patch above the median
nervure is absent. Reniform and claviform stigmata are obscurely marked with brownish centres.

A. excavata Mats, somewhat resembles vega. Forewings ashy grey with black basal streak. On costa excavata.
there are conspicuous black-brown marks caused by an enlargement at the commencement of the transverse
lines. The large orbicular stigma is elliptical on top and has a black circumscription. Reniform stigma more
obscure, the space between the two is filled with dusky brown almost in the shape of an “X". The trans¬
verse lines are delicate, the posterior line has a parallel row of dots on the veins. At subterminal line there
are 3 dark sagittate marks inwardly on costa, in centre and at anal angle. Hindwing with central and sub¬
terminal bands. Wing expanse: 38 mm. N. Saghalin. It appears to me from the illustration and descrip¬
tion that this species, subgrisea respectively albuncula are one and the same.

A. acuminata Mats, is said to resemble tamanukii, differing by the narrower and more pointed fore- acuminata.
wings. Stigmata somewhat larger, claviform stigma however smaller, but distinctly circumscribed by black.

The distinct postmedian line has a white outer edge. Wing expanse: 42 mm. N. Saghalin in August.

A. brunneopicta Mats. Forewings are darker grey-brown than those of the preceding species, with brunneo-
undulate basal line and a black line that extends from base to postmedian along the submedian fold. Ante- pi da.
median line is undulate. The oval orbicular stigma is pale brown, elliptical at top, the auriform shaped
reniform stigma has a rufous centre. Central line indistinct, brownish, posterior transverse line is delicately
marked and undulate. In place of the subterminal line there are brownish dots which are more distinct
between veins 4 and 6. Marginal area reddish brown with small black marginal lunules. Hindwings dark
grey, paler at base and with black-brown discal spot. Wing expanse: 35 — 36 mm. N. Saghalin.

A. filipjevi Shelj. (= nigrotecta Corti i. 1.) (12 g). Whilst the author placed this species next to sigma, filipjevi.
Corti classifies it here. It has the widest wings of any species of this group and is the duskiest. Thorax
and hindwings sooty black with faint reddish sheen. The transverse lines, especially the posterior, are scarcely
discernible in the dark ground. They are sharply dentate and have slightly paler edges on averted sides.

On costa they expand slightly forming whitish spots. The small stigmata have black circumscriptions. No
subterminal line is visible, however veins in marginal area are somewhat deeper black and terminate at base
of fringes in a light spot. Hindwings dark grey-brown with heavy black marginal line. From the river Djelinda
in E. Siberia and from the Sajan district.

A. leucocyma Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 60).

86

ANOMOGYNA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Dratjdt.

Subgenus: Pachrsobia Guen.

tecta. p. tecta Hhn. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8 g, h). The illustrations are not good and we are giving fresh illu-

trations here (12 g). Corti removes this species and the following from Rhyacia. They are mostly newly
described and he classifies them as a group under the above Subgenus. Whilst they certainly form a charact¬
eristic little group, it is doubtful whether there is any purpose in placing them in a separate Genus.

banghaasi. P. basighaasi Corti ined. (12 h) is larger and sleeker than the preceding species, more thinly scaled,

greyer in shade and with more conspicuous whitish grey stigmata, marginal area and interfilling between
the double transverse lines. In front of the sharply outlined subterminal line there are more or less distinct
blackish sagittate marks. Forewings brownish grey with blackish central lunule, postmedian and subterminal
shades. From Moncly in the Sajan mountains.

sajana. P. sajana Tshetv. (12 h) is also fairly close to tecta. Forewings whitish grey, sparsely peppered with

reddish brown. Tins is more prominent in central area and it has a deep black-brown patch in the cell
between the large whitish stigmata. Both transverse lines are faint, double, the veins beyond the outer line
being black-white. The position of the subterminal line is indicated by black sagittate marks on costa, in
centre and above anal angle. Margin and fringes are inclined towards rufous with blackish marginal lunules.
Hindwings pale brown, darker at base and with discal lunule, postmedian and subterminal bands. Between
the latter and the blackish marginal line, there is a whitish area. Sajan territory.

amathusia. P- amathusia 0. B.-H. (12 h). According to Corti this is not identical with the preceding species.

It is larger and more robustly built, much more dusted with rufous; orbicular stigma more oblique; reniform
stigma elongated inwards along the widely white median nervure; claviform stigma longer and more pointed.
Hindwings uniformly darker brown. From Munku Sardyk in the Sajan district.

amaloria. P. amatoria Corti ined. (12 h) is also very similar. It is as large as .sajana but much more uniformly

red-brown. Markings otherwise as amathusia, but the transverse lines are not so sharply dentate, the reniform
stigma is not so conspicuously elongated inwards, the central area is wider, claviform stigma is quite extinct.
The chief difference however is a black-brown basal ray-like streak. Hindwings uniformly very pale brownish.
From the mountains around Baikal. Type in the collection of Corti.

wockei. P. vvockei Mdschl. ( = scropulana Morr.) (Vol. 3, p. 50). It was already explained on p. 29 of this

Supplement that this species has no relationship with westermanni Stgr. The illustration on pi. lib indicated
scropulana (not scopulana ) Morr.. which is an american species. We are now giving (12 h) a good illustration
of the genuine wockei from a specimen from Sajan (Tunkun). Forewings reddish brown, costal and basal
areas dusted with pale bluish grey, as also are the orbicular stigma and median nervure. Reniform stigma
is more reddish brown, ground colour of cell between the stigmata is deep black-brown. A faint black ray-
like dash at base below median nervure. Transverse lines double, the anterior one almost straight and
vertical, the posterior line dentate. The pale subterminal line has a dark inner edge. Hindwings pale brownish
tundrana. grey with discal lunule, postmedian and very wide dark marginal bands. Sajan. — tundrana A. B.-H. denotes
specimens from Sajan and Ala-Tau with a uniform brownish colouration devoid of the bluish grey dusting.

desiderata. P. desiderata Corti ined. (12 i) is very similarly marked to wockei, but is smaller and has narrower,

more pointed wings. Ground colour is pale grey-brown, entirely without any reddish or violet shade. Trans¬
verse lines are not double, but faint, with whitish edges on averted sides. The anterior line is undulate and
not straight. Marginal band of hindwings narrower. Also from Sajan (Tunkun) . Type in the collection of
Corti.

veruta P. veruta Corti ined. ( 12 i) is marked as desiderata, but in colouration as wockei. It is readily separable

owing to the heavier serrate antennae of having bold fascicles of cilia. Orbicular stigma is triangular,
elliptical at top and diffusing into the costa, that is of the same shade. Reniform stigma is much narrower
than in related species and from same a distinct central shade extends to inner margin. The posterior trans¬
verse line is only faintly dentate, it is double, the inner part is red-brown, the outer a grey shadowy band.
Subterminal line is fainter than in the preceding species. Hindwings darker brown, otherwise identical, but
the postmedian band is more deeply angulated below the cell. Fringes ochreous reddish. Munku Sardyk (Sajan).
Type in the collection of Corti.

Jielenae. P. faeletiae Corti ined. (12 i) closely resembles veruta, but is quite pale grey-brown without any

reddish or violet tone, also the dark patch in the cell between the stigmata is quite absent, whilst the central
shade is more distinct. Otherwise the markings are identical, so that this is perhaps only a pale and mono¬
tonously coloured form of the preceding species. Sajan mountains. Type in the collection of Corti.

nolens. P. nolens Corti ined. (12 i) still belongs to the same group and most resembles tecta. It is pale rufous,

the central area scarcely darker, the transverse lines are simple, deeply black with undulate dentations. The
small stigmata in a blackened cell. Subterminal line has a narrow inner blackish edge. On the margin there

EUROLS. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

87

are barely visible darker lunules. Hindwings also as dusky as forewings, no postmedian or marginal bands or
shade. Fringes somewhat paler. Shawyr (Tannuola mountains). Type in the collection of Corti.

P. senescens Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 37, pi. 8 b) can best be classified next to this group, as especially its senescent.
form semota has greatest similarity to the preceding species. The illustration in the Main Volume is not
satisfactory and we are therefore giving a fresh illustration here (12 i). The species, about which Corti has
published some notes, is very variable and scarcely one specimen identically resembles another. For this
reason Corti considers the name — senilis Stgr. (12 i) for the very pale form, unnecessary, while in my opinion senilis.
this denomination had best be retained. — semota Corti (12 k) gives one the impression of being larger and semota.
having wider wings. The colouration is deeper leaden grey, peppered with black scales. Reniform stigma
with blackish centre, orbicular stigma leaden grey with black scales. The central area is duskier at inner
margin. Antennae have rather shorter pectinations than senescens, but the genitalia show no material dif¬
ferences. Described from Sajan.

P. kungessi Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 37) (12 k) is possibly not a separate species, as the antennae are of kungessi.
the same build and the genitalia are exceedingly similar, but forewings are devoid of markings and chalky
white. Hindwings are much darker than fore wings.

P. colorata Corti ined. (12 k). A very beautiful species, which in the arrangement of the markings closely colorata.
resembles amatliusia and allied species. We are therefore classifying same here. Head and patagia are more
or less white, thorax red-brown. Forewings brownish mossy green. Circumscriptions of stigmata and the
interfilling of the double transverse lines are white. All 3 stigmata have rufous centres, the cell between
same being blackish. In front of the postmedian, a black dentate central shade extends. Subterminal line,
as in allied species, with similar sagittate marks anteriorly. Hindwings pure white, only narrowly brownish
on the veins and at margin. From Thibet. Type in the collection of Corti.

P. erschoffi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 8 1) should be classified relatively close to senescens and is perhaps erschoffi.
best placed here. As the old illustration was unsatisfactory, we are giving a better one here (12 a).

P. sublima Kozin, according to Corti, should be classified close to woclcei and sajana. Body and fore- sublima.
wings pale grey, the anterior transverse line is absent, a dark grey central line forms a right angle in the
centre of wing. The posterior transverse line is indistinct, dentate. There are minute black crescents on margin.

Orbicular stigma is quite absent, reniform stigma consists of a diffuse dark spot, without definite outline.

The cell is very pale grey-white in front of the reniform stigma and is cuneiform in shape with deep black
outline. Hindwings pale grey with dark veins and lunule. Wing expanse: 33 mm. Sajan mountains.

31. Genus: Eurois Him.

E. prasina F. (Vol. 3, p. 60, pi. 14 a). This very variable species, of which scarcely any one specimen prasina.
is identical with another, has so many shade variations, that besides the denominations already given in the
Main Volume, some further names have been given. — viridior Spul. denotes the bright mossy green form, viridior.

olivacea Lenz the yellowish bleached form. — obscura Lenz are very dark specimens, probably transitions olivaeea.
to suffusa Tutt. — vittata Heinr. has a dark central band on forewings, that contrasts conspicuously from the
green ground colour; — medio-nigra Lenz is probably much the same. medio-

nigra

E. virens Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 60, pi. 14 a). The illustration was rather poor. A better illustration of a virens.
specimen ex the collection of Corti is now given (14 a).

E. magnifica Moore (Vol. 11, p. 63, pi. 8 e) was known to occur at Sikkim and the species is well magnified
illustrated in the indo-australian Volume. It now appears to have been captured on palaearctic territory, as
Corti enumerates same in his list. It closely resembles virens, but differs by the deep red inner margin,
as well as the margin beyond the subterminal line. Hindwings are a deeper bronze-brown. Perhaps this is
not a genuine species, but only a subspecies of the preceding.

E. occulta L. (Vol. 3. p. 53, pi. 11 g) should be classified here, according to Corti, thus returning to occulta.
the order in which it was placed by previous authors. In regard to the form — implicata Lef. (10 e) it must implicata.
be stated that it is by no means identical with passetii. We have the opportunity of illustrating the type
of implicata from the collection of Oberthfr. According to same this is a grey form with rather diffuse
markings, which does not vary very much from the usual form. It- more or less corresponds to — grisea Hanne- grisea.
mann which is a monotonous grey form. pallida Spul. denotes a paler and at the same time smaller form, pallida.
with narrow whitish forewings without brown and with indistinct markings, almost resembling Apt. nebulosa.

This form occurs predominantly in Esthonia. The counterpart - passettii Tli.-Mieg. denotes the black form passetii.
with transverse lines more or less intertilled with white. It occurs everywhere among the type and has
especially been bred by Wiesbaden collectors in some beautiful forms. — roseovirgata Dili. Just among these roseovir
dark forms, specimens occur with a rosy suffusion in the postmedian area, occasionally in the shape of spots, ,Jatn

88 CERASTIS; ORTHOSIA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Drattdt.

but these are only visible in freshly killed specimens and they soon fade away. Dannehl described same
rectangu- from Silesia, Petersen records them from Esthonia. — ab. rectangularis Stephan denominates an aberration
lar>s- in which the posterior transverse band is angulated forming a right angle below the costa. Otherwise the
specimen is very pale, orbicular stigma very large, antemedian line indistinct. From the Ctlatzer mountains.
fumea. — fiiniea /. n. (10 e) is an interesting race from the Hi territory. It is relatively small and with narrow Avings,
ashy grey with sooty dusky brown basal and marginal areas. In the latter the veins are pale and there
are blackish sagittate marks before the subterminal line. Also hindwings are much paler. Type in the collec-
tibetica. tion of Draitdt. - tibetica /. n. (10 e) denominates a very outstanding subspecies, that is ATery large and
with wide wings that are a monotonous smoky grey with quite extinct transverse markings and only the
3 large pale stigmata stand out distinctly in the dusky disc. Further there are 3 heavily black sagittate marks
in the upper half of subterminal. Hindwings very uniformly grey-brown with white fringes. Thibet. Type in
the collection of Corti.

32. Genus: Cerastis Fr.

leucogra- C. leucographa Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 60, pi. 14 b). The old illustration was scarcely recognisable and A\-e

ptui. are illustrating afresh this widely distributed species (12 1). I have for instance specimens from Sutshanski-
Rudnik.

C . pallescens Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 60, pi. 14 b). The illustration is good.

caelebs. C. caelebs Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 60, pi. 14 b). The illustration is unrecognisable and \\re are giving a better

one here (12 1).

norwegica. G. rubricosa F. (Vol. 3, p. 60, pi. 14 b). — oorwegica Strd. denotes small (wing expanse: 32 mm) spe¬

cimens of grey-black ground colour without red admixture and with very distinct orbicular stigma. From
northern Norway.

C . coryphaea Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 61, pi. 14 c).

sobrina. C. sobrina Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 61, pi. 14 c). In regard to this species, Corti has declared that same is

not a Cerastis , but should preferably be classified with the subsequent Genus Lycophotia Hb. As Ave have
placed same in the collective Genus Rhyacia, we are temporarily leaAdng same in the present position. -
confina. confina Kozh. differs from typical sobrina by having the transverse lines and stigmata finely and very distinctly
indicated by black lines; otherwise they are usually indistinct. From the Tajga in the district of Minussinsk.
Perhaps this is a separate species.

witzenman- C. witzennianni Stndfs. (Vol. 3, p. 150, pi. 36 i). As a large number of specimens of this species have

ni- spurs on hind tibiae, same should be placed here according to Corti and not with the Spudaea as was done

in the Main Volume and with which it seems to have no affinity. It is very variable in colouration. A

olivina. very pale ochreous grey form with greenish hue is named — olivina Trti. Described from Blidali (Algeria).

'plumbum. — pluuibina Trti. is ashy grey, someAvhat reddish purple at margin. — vinosa Obth. (12 1) is a dark ochreous

riseirino' rec^ f°rm from Algeria and the East Pyrenees. — griseivinosa Rothsch. is a completely dark grey form that

sa. is suffused with purplish red. — nigrolimbata Obth. from Morocco has blackened fringes. This species is extra-

nigrolim- ordinarily widely distributed: from S. E. France through Spain and over the whole of the western N. Africa.
bat a.

33. Genus: Ortliosia Tr.

rhaetica- O. caecimacula Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 61, pi. 14 c). — rhaeticaria DM. is an especially large form from the

rm- Etschtal with bands and other markings more or less extinct, so that the wings appear smoother and plainer;
marsicaria. $$ mostly dusky, black-brown with violet tone. — marsicaria Dhl. in contrast to same, are relatively small,
sleek, narrow winged specimens, the $<$ almost milky white with ochreous hue, the $$ somewhat more dusky
with brownish suffused hindwings. From the Abruzzi.

fumosa. O. senex Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 61, pi. 14 d). — ab. fumosa Banlces are melanic specimens from England

typhoea. (Dorset). — typhoea Trti. is a somewhat similar form that is ashy grey with violet hue. markings being black
monticola. instead of brown, hindwings narrowly dusky at margin. From around Mount Aetna, Sicily. — nionticola Dhl.

is the race from the high mountains in the southern Abruzzi. It is small and with Avide pale blue-grev wings
medio- with dark scales and heavy grey-black markings. - medioitalica Dhl. in contrast to same, is large and is
italic a. very pale whitish grey with yellow hue and faint, diffuse markings and yellowish stigmata. From the roman
Campagna, mountains of Albania and the Sabine mountains.

O. Indiana Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 61, pi. 14 e).

parvispina. 0. parvisphia Tshetv. (12 1) is not an Athaumasta, but more closely resembles A. cortex. It is however

certainly an Agrotidae and has bold spurs on hind tibiae. ForeAAdngs are pale yelloAvish grey, peppered with
black, with short interrupted black basal streak. Transverse lines are double, especially the posterior one
is sharply dentate, interfilling somewhat paler, stigmata large Avith delicate black circumscriptions and lighter

Publ. 3. l. 1934. MYTHIMNA; HYPOXESTIA; NAENIA; EPILECTA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. Draudt.

89

centres. Subterminal line pale with distinct “W” in centre, shaded with deep brown on inner edge. Fringes
checked. Hindwings lighter with discal lunule, dentate postmedian and widely shaded subterminal bands.
Sajan territory; Chingan: Province Chihli.

34. Genus: MytJiiniiia TV.

M. acetosellae Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 62, pi. 14 f). — comspersa Dhl. denotes specimens from the S. Tyrol
with reddish forewings densely peppered with black-brown, thus appearing reddish grey-black. — ab. deleta
Dhl. is applied to forms of any colour, where the row of spots in outer area is absent. grisea DM. is a
rare grey form, peppered with black. Southern Alps. - pallida DM. are very pale whitish grey-rose speci¬
mens with pale rose hindwings, markings sometimes only indicated. As a race in the central italian moun¬
tains, as a rare form in S. Tyrol (Terlan, Lana). — vorbrodti Wehrli is an aberrative specimen, small, wings
more rounded, outer transverse stripe being absent, the outer row of dots confluent forming a transverse
line. On hindwings only subterminal band is present. Arlesheim in Switzerland.

M. oxalina Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 62, pi. 14 e). rosea DM. are very pale, rosy grey specimens with irrorated
hindwings. - rufescems Schaw. denotes a more reddish form, — - obscurata DM,, is a dusky slate-grey with
still darker central area. — privata DM. are unicoloured specimens without the line and row of dots in
outer area; these forms occur chiefly in the S. Tyrol. — unipumcta Kiefer is a transition to privata, with
one dot retained. — nigriuscula Krul. is a still duskier form than obscurata.

35. Genus: Hypoxestia Hmps.

H. dilatata Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 62, pi. 14 f.).

H. fuscostigma Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 62, pi. 14 f).

H. ohtaniensis Mats, resembles Cerastis sobrina; forewings reddish brown with delicate undulate trans¬
verse lines, the anterior and posterior lines being double and intertilled with paler colour, the posterior part
punctiform. Orbicular stigma obsolescent, open on top and below, a brown quadrate patch between same
and the indistinct reniform stigma; a blackish brown spot at lower angle of cell. Subterminal line pale, in¬
wardly of same a dark spot on costa. Marginal area paler, fringes reddish brown. Hindwings grey-brown,
paler at base and inner margin. Wing expanse: 34 mm. Saghalin in August.

H. sachalhiensis Mats, closely related to the preceding species, but it is more ochreous brown. A double
basal line only visible on costa. A black dot at base of cell. Antemedian line double, distending to form
a black patch in place of a claviform stigma. Orbicular stigma large and round. Reniform stigma dusky,
black at lower extremity and with pale outline on both sides; an almost straight central line extends from
same to inner margin. Posterior transverse line as in preceding species. The paler subterminal line with 2
black dots inwardly on costa. Marginal area darker with black marginal lunules. At base of fringes a pale
line. Hindwings dark grey, paler at base and with dark discal spot. Wing expanse: 34 — 39 mm. S. Sag¬
halin in August. — rikovskesisis Mats, differs from type in that the reniform stigma is no darker than ground
colour and by the absence of the 2 black dots at upper extremity of subterminal line. N. Saghalin.

H. nyiwonis Mats, is very close to sachalinensis , but has narrower, red-brown forewings with more
oblique and single antemedian line, smaller orbicular stigma with dark centre, obsolescent paler reniform stigma.
The double postmedian line is distinctly angulated on vein 4. The pale submarginal line is narrow, some¬
what excurved in vein 2. Inwardly of same there are no black sagittate marks on costa. Vertex and palpi
red-brown. Wing expanse: 35 mm. N. Saghalin.

36. Genus: Ufaenia Stph.

N. typica L. (Vol. 3, p. 62, pi. 14 g). — claricolor Schaw. is a very pale, ochreous yellow form. Veins
and surrounds to stigmata heavily marked with pale yellow. Only the triangular mark in basal area, the
patches each side of the stigmata and in front of the apex, are darker. Albarracin. — - cofitammatoides Scha w.
is a counterpart to same. It is much darker. Veins and transverse lines are visible, but not paler. Ground
colour is brown with blackish markings. Stigmata finely outlined with pale yellow. Very similar to the suit-
sequent contaminata. Described from Mostar.

N. contaminata, Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 62, pi. 14 g).

37. Genus: Epilecta Him.

E. linogdsea Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 62, pi. 14 g). The illustration is too unicolourously grey. Freshly emerged
specimens are a beautiful greenish white, marbled with violet-grey on forewings.

E. accipiter Fldr. (Vol. 3, p. 63, pi. 14 h).

Supplementary Volume 3 12

conspersa.

deleta.

grisea.

pallida.

vorbrodti.

rosea.

rufescens.

obscurata.

privata.

unipuncia.

nigriuscu¬

la.

ohtaniensis.

sachalinen¬

sis.

rikovsken-

sis.

nyiwonis.

claricolor.

contamina-

toides.

linogrisea.

90

TRIPHAENA. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Dratjdt.

38. Genus: Tripliaena Hbn.

Dr. Corti has rectified certain misconceptions of L. W. Kozhantschikov in an excellent article
published in Munich (Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 18, p. 53, 1928) and has demonstrated that according to present
day knowledge the species pronuba, comes and orbona should not be separated from fimbria and allied species.
Warren had classified them with the Rhyacia, but we are now again placing them here in their correct
position.

T. efflorescens Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 63, pi. 14 h).

T. semiherbida Wkr. (Vol. 3. p. 63, pi. 14 h).

nuba. T. pronuba L. (Vol. 3, p. 42, pi. 9e). — nuba Kaiser denotes the unicoloured yellow-grey to ochreous

brown form with very diffuse markings, only the reniform stigma has a darker centre. Hindwings are a paler
pallida, yellow, black margin is narrow. — pallida Kaiser is an aberration of delicate pale grey colouration, forewings
denigrata. daintily but distinctly marked, hindwings very pale yellow, the outer band pale grey. — ab. denigrata Schultz
designates the rare aberration in which the black marginal band of hindwings is entirely absent or only
decolorata. retained as a vestige. Described from Kufstein. — decolorata Trti. described 4 years later, is probably the
same as the preceding form, but in this case the forewings also are paler than in normal pronuba. Described
from the Apennines of Modena. A further similar specimen is in the collection of Sohn-Rethel from Rome.

- cracoviensis Pruffer is an aberration obtained through the influence of chemicals and the name is not
justified.

jago. T. fimbria L. (Vol. 3, p. 63, pi. 14 i). — ab. jago Cath. has hindwings and abdomen a deep coffee-

nigrescens. brown, instead of yellow, otherwise it is like the solani form. — nigrescerss Basse is a dusky form described
obscura. from Brunswick. Similar dark forms in various grades of colour are named — obscura Lenz from Herrsehing
variegata. — variegata Lenz. from the same locality, are very variegated specimens with whitish marginal area, dark
central area and deeply dark reniform stigma.

caliginosa. T. interjecta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 63, pi. 15 a). — caliginosa Schaw. from Lovrana, Fiume, is a race with

pale brown fore wings and delicate markings. Hindwings also paler yellow and marginal band only half ais
wide as type, no discal spot or basal rays.

obscura. T . janthina Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 63, pi. 15 a). — obscura Culot denotes very dusky specimens. — algirica

intermedia ®bth. is a smaller, more compactly built race with forewings of deep blue-grey hue. Algeria. — intermedia
Rothsch. is a transition form to same from Tunis.

haywardi. T. haywardi Tams, described as a Lycophotia, but doubtless should be classified here. It is a brightly

marked species, that reminds one of Calymnia achatina Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 231, pi. 47 h). Forewings cinnamon
brown to reddish with mahogany red lines and oblique shades. The lines outlined on averted sides with
white, reddish yellow and grey scales and thus standing out more distinctly. The stigmata rosy red with
white rings and circumscribed with mahogany red, the reniform with much darker centre. Both transverse
lines are irregularly undulate. Subterminal band has a dark inner dentate edge and pale reddish yellow
outer outline. Marginal area, especially on the veins, is dusted with ashy grey. Beyond the red marginal
line, the fringes are intersected between the veins with reddish yellow. Hindwings orange or deep chrome
yellow with very wide brown-black marginal band, which has two deep indentations before the anal angle
and in centre. Fringes pale orange-yellow. Abdomen creamy yellow. Thorax red-brown with admixture of
yellow and red. Wing expanse: 33 — 36 mm. Cyprus in June and July. According to a letter from N. J.
Kusnezov to Dr. Corti, the former also captured 3 specimens in the Crimea.

T. atlantica Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 42, pi. 15 i). Please note correction in the plate number.

T . orbona Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 42, pi. 9 d). An aberration has been denominated, that corresponds to the

non margi- denigrata of pronuba — lion niarginata Luc. ( = demarginata Schultz), the former was captured at Vendee,
nata- the latter at Hanover. The black band on hindwings is extinct or only retained as a vestige, attenuata.
Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 42) is a transition to same. In conjunction with nigra Tutt, which is the melanic scotch
form, we have — nigra Pieszeck, which is a similarly aberrative continental mainland form from Mod ling
robusta. — robusta Trti. is a very large and wide-winged race with more robust body from Cyrenaica. The yellow
of hindwing is inclined to orange, the marginal band is more diffuse and less deeply black, the central lunule
olivacea. inclines to obsolescence. — olivacea Trti. is a form that is suffused with olive-green on forewings, corres¬
ponding to the form solani of fimbria. The synonyms mentioned in Main Volume in this species were partially
incorrect. In stibsequa it should have read Schiff. nec Esp. and not the inverse; comes should be cancelled and
utilised as the name for the subsequent species. Also pronuba minor should be deleted.

comes. T. conies Tr. instead of “ suhsequa ” (Vol. 3, p. 42, pi. 9 c) and the latter is a synonym with the

author Esp. nec Schiff., not the reverse! To be added as synonyms: pronuba minor Yill .. orbona F. nec

Hufn. Further the following forms should be classified here: adsequa Tr., prosequa Tr., and bergensis Sp.,
which in Vol. 3 were incorrectly placed with orbona. On the other hand consequa Hbn. and sarmata Rbr.
corsatra. should be removed and inserted under orbona. — corsatra Schaw. is a corsican aberration, forewings uniformlv

EUERETAGROTIS; RHYNCHAGROTIS; ISOCHLORA; ACT1N0TIA; AUCHMIS. By Dr. Cobti and Dr. M. Draudt.

91

deep black, with silky gloss and bluish grey sheen, only the surrounds of stigmata and the postmedian line
are indicated in a lighter shade. Band of hindwings is a deep jet-black. Col de Vergio.

39. Genus: Eiieretagrotis Smith.

E . patricia Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 64, pi. 15 b).

E. agathina Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 64, pi. 15 b). — turonica Gulot (13 a) is a very large, brightly marked turonica.
form from France. — rosea Tutt (13 a) denotes very pale specimens from England with rosy suffusion, rosea.
We are illustrating the blackish scopariae (13 a) from a fine specimen from Alsace.

40. Genus: lthyiicliagrotis Smith.

Rh. chardinyi Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 64, pi. 15 b). The form mentioned in Main Volume with basal half chardinyi.
of costa and edges of stigmata white, is denominated — fuchsii Wendl. Insignificant variations in colour are fuchsii.
denominated: — brunnea Zolln. fuscous; — rubra Zolln. rufous; — albida Zolln. pale whitish specimens. These brunnea.
names would seem superfluous. — melanos Zolln. hindwings suffused with blackish. A further aberration
— babylonica V. Schultz has orbicular and reniform stigmata extinct, only the outer edge of the latter is melanos.
visible, from the upper and lower ends of same 2 lines extend towards the base that converge in a sharp babylonica.
angle basally of the orbicular stigma. — weissi Du Bois denotes specimens in which the rich brown tone weissi.
of the central shade extends to the base along the hind margin covering the forewing to the centre. This
species has of late years been met with locally abundantly in E. Prussia. The full grown larva is grey-
brown with white dorsal and subdorsal lines and it has a wide somewhat reddish lateral stripe. It is polv-
phagous on low growing plants.

41. Genus: Isochlora Stgr.

I. maxim, a Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 64, pi. 15 b). — maculata A. B.-H. (13 a) differs from the main form by maculata.
having a white lunular mark at close of cell. Besides margin of hindwings is more widely white. From
the Juldus territory.

1. yarkenda A. B.-H. is very close to albivitta Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 64, pi. 15 d) but is easily distinguishable yarhenda.
by the absence of the white basal streak. The green colour of forewings is a more luscious shade. Costa,
reniform stigma and the minute spot behind same are pure white. Also hindwings are purer white. Wing
expanse: 40 mm. Yarkend (Mustag-ata).

I. longivitta Pglr. and leuconeura Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 65) are illustrated on pi. 13 a.

42. Genus: Actiiaotfa Hbn.

A. hyperici Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 65, pi. 15 d). — dilutior Wgnr. has right of priority and supersedes laetior dilutior.
Warr., the latter being synonymous. Zerny has ascertained that the name only applies to SS an<f that the
corresponding $$ are normally dark. alba Ribbe are specimens that are devoid of markings in outer half alba.

of forewings which is pale whitish. brumnescens Ribbe has a wide brown streak from reniform stigma to- brunnes-

wards outer margin. — ab. nigra Ribbe has a large black triangular inner marginal spot on forewings, the . cens
black of the stigmatical streak, the outer marginal streak and the black dash below the stigmata being mg,a'
conjoined and forming a triangle. All these forms are described from Spain; however dilutior or laetior also
occur in quite a similar form in Asia Minor. — quietior DM. is a form from the S. Tyrol in which all the quietior.
reddish tones in the forewing are replaced by grey. The markings are all obscure and hindwings also are
deep grey. The stigmata are usually somewhat reduced in size and basal area is duskily suffused from the
costa. — ab. siegenfeldi Schaw. is a still more dusky form, also the marginal area is dark grey and not brown, siegcnfeldi.
the subterminal line is absent. From Mostar.

42a. Genus: Auclmiis Hbn.

A. comma Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 509, pi. 751). — obscura Schwing. denotes very dark specimens. — anda- obscura.
lusica Ribbe is a counterpart from Spain, colouration is more of a monotonous grey-white, generally without andalusica. ,
the black basal streak, also the blackish cuneiform marks that extend obliquely downwards from apex are
barely visible or practically non-existent.

92

BLEPHARITA — Key-Table for reference to species enumerated in Volume 3 and this Supplement.

46. Genus: Hlepharita Hmps.

■ussuriensis. B. arnica Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 66, pi. 15 e). — ussuriensis Shelj. is a larger race with intensively red-brown

forewings and paler rather reddish grey hindwings. This east asiatic race varies considerably from the more
western specimens. From the S. Ussuri (Sutshan).

leuconota. B. leuconota H.-S. (= stigmatica Gn.) (14 c) was omitted in Main Volume. Hampson classified same

in the Genus Anytus. More recently, for instance Zerny, places same in the Genus Blepharita and my
opinion is also that it is better inserted here. Forewings brownish grey with reddish to fuscous hue, a long
heavy black basal streak below the cell. Transverse lines dentate with whitish edges on averted sides. Orbicular
stigma somewhat obliquely oval. Reniform stigma widely white in outer half. A few sagittate marks before the
dentate subterminal line. Marginal area, except for centre, very dusky. Both transverse lines are more or less
distinctly conjoined by black along the submedian fold. Hindwings whitish with discal spot, a postmedian
band is indicated. Veins shaded in subterminal region, more heavily so in $. S. Russia, Armenia, Asia
trisignata. Minor, Syria. — trisignata Men. does not appear to vary much from the specimens submitted to me. Per¬
haps they are slightly more reddish brown, the white of the reniform stigma slightly condensed. Pontus, Taurus
immaculata. to Ferghana. — inunaculata S chaus. reniform stigma is brown and not white. Described from Haifa (Syria).

nasamo- B. nasamonius Trti. (14 c). This very closely resembles the preceding species, but in the male sex

nius. the pectinations of antennae are distinctly longer and hindwings are a much deeper shade of grey-brown. Fore¬
wings with deep brown colouration, having a carmine hue, as for instance Eumichtis porphyrea Esp. The reniform
stigma, which is very prominent is smaller and pure white, the black mark that conjoins claviform stigma
and posterior transverse stripe is much wider and forms a rectangle. The other markings are just like those
of leuconota. The hind tibiae have 2—3 spurs outwardly. From Cyrenaica. This species almost looks exactly
like a pale solieri, but the latter has no tibia! spurs.

Key-Table

for facilitating reference to the species dealt with in Volume 3 and this Supplement.

Volume 3

Supplement

Volume 3

Supplement

page

page

page

page

accipiter

63

89

bonza

47

62

acetosellae

62

89

brunnea (Euxoa)

24

45

acuminifera

28

25

brunnea (Rbyacia)

45

76

adumbrata

28

32

brunneago

59

84

aequicuspis

36

56

brunnescens

56

76

agalma

48

61

agathina

64

91

caelebs

60

88

ala

55

66

caecimacula

61

88

alaina

51

67

canariensis

28

28

albifurca

48

61

candelarum

52

72

albipennis

45

63

candelisequa

54

73

albuncula

59

85

Candida

55

67

alpestris

54

73

capnistis

4S

60

alpigena

27

48

caradrinoides

55

66

alpicola

36

74

carthalina

24

24

arnica

66

92

castanea

39

81

amoena

34

38

cecilia

57

62

anachoreta

50

81

celebrata

34

58

anarmodia

26

51

celsicola

35

55

antiqua

58

83

centralis

31

37

aquilina

32

26

cbaldaica

53

64

arenosa (Euxoa)

33

43

chalybeata

57

62

arenosa (Hermonassa)

57

62

characteristica

26

46

argillacea

58

80

cbardinyi

64

91

armena ( = deserta ! )

28

26

chretieni

25

24

ashworthii

52

72

christophi

27

25

asella

51

71

cinerea

27

48

atlantica

42

90

cissigma

38

63

aucta

49

69

clara

34

59

augur

49

82

clarivena

39

63

clauda

29

42

baetica

24

43

clava

57

62

baja

44

77

c-nigrum

43

79

basigramma

33

37

cognita

28

66

basistriga

46

76

collina

47

65

bifurca

25

48

comes

42

90

bipartita

51

82

comma

509

91

birivia

29

31

confinis

49

69

bogdanovi

28

38

confusa (subconspicua)

29

36

bombycia

25

47

consanguinea

44

79

Key-Table for reference to species enumerated in Volume 3 and this Supplement.

Volume 3

Supplement

page

page

consignata

57

62

conspicua

31

28

constanti

30

53

contaminata

62

89

coraxa

36

74

corticea

26

44

coryphaea

61

88

cos

31

30

costaestriga

44

63

coturnicola

37

80

crassa

24

45

cucuna

30

69

culminicola

30

28

cuprea

50

81

cuprina

42

31

cursoria

30

29

cursoriodes

29

73

dahlii

46

74

decolor

58

72

decora

29

31

decorans

40

31

decorata

30

31

decussa

34

61

defessa

51

72

defuncta

54

73

degenerata

43

79

degeniata

54

73

denticulata

53

75

deparca

37

75

deplanata

48

61

deplorata

49

81

depuncta

44

76

descripta

39

26

deserta

28

50

desertorum

41

50

destituta

40

78

devota

55

65

dewitzi

47

77

dicyx

39

82

difficilis

34

73

digna

38

81

dilatata

62

89

diplogramma

52

68

dirempta

24

43

dissoluta

48

59

distinguenda

27

25

ditrapezium

44

79

dulcis

43

79

duosigna

33

50

efflorescens

63

90

electra

55

66

elegans

53

72

eminens

53

72

emolliens

28

25

endogaea

26

48

enixa

31

28

eremicola

34

57

erschoffi

41

87

eruta

32

33

erythrina

53

72

eugramma

47

50

exacta

35

56

exclamationis

34

49

exoleta

39

63

exusta

45

77

faceta

38

96

fallax

33

34

farinosa

41

50

fatidica

25

47

fennica

47

82

festiva

39

76

fidelis

41

74

fimbriola

56

58

fimbria

63

90

finitima

57

62

fissa

28

41

flammatra

43

64

flavibrunnea

46

76

flavina

41

52

foeda

32

30

Volume 3

Supplement

page

page

forcipula

35

55

forficula

35

66

fugax

55

66

funkei

53

72

fuscisignata

58

83

fuscostigma

62

89

gaurax

54

64

gelida

59

85

glareosa

39

63

glaucescens

35

56

glis

49

70

golickei

24

45

graslini

36

43

griseivena

47

76

grisescens

29

66

hadjina

55

66

hahni

54

60

liaifae

35

95

bastifera

27

24

haverkampfi

29

26

helvetina

51

68

bemispherica

26

28

beringi

29

30

berricb-schaefferi

37

74

hilaris

31

41

homicida

29

26

homochroma

40

77

honesta

33

62

humigena

28

26

hyperborea

36

73

byperici

65

91

ignara

34

59

ignobilis

52

95

impexa

29

37

improba

35

55

incognita

31

41

indiana

61

88

infantilis

37

74

informis

33

50

insignata

54

64

inter jecta

63

90

intolerabilis

31

32

intracta

33

38

islandica

33

35

isocbroma

51

77

janthina

63

90

junctimacula

40

56

junonia

51

67

juldussi

50

82

juvenis

48

60

karscbi

43

35

kenteana

47

65

kermesina

41

78

kirghisa

48

57

koeppeni

58

93

kollari

44

64

kolymae

38

95

kungessi

37

87

laetabilis

59

84

laetifica

52

67

lamentanda

40

76

lanzarotensis

24

43

lapidosa

52

38

larixia

53

72

lasciva

50

82

lasserrei

24

54

lata

24

45

latens

52

66

leaena

40

38

ledereri

52

70

leucocyma

60

85

leucogaster

44

79

leucographa

60

88

leuconeura

65

91

lidia

33

39

linogrisea

62

89

94

Key-Table for reference to species enumerated in Volume 3 and this Supplement.

Volume 3

Supplement

Volume 3

Supplement

page

page

page

page

longivitta

65

91

polygona

57

62

lorezi

40

78

polygonides

28

33

lucens

49

81

pontica

44

64

lucernea

51

71

porphyrea

41

73

lucipeta

51

72

praecox

56

82

lunata

57

62

praecurrens

56

82

luperinoides

50

81

prasina

60

87

lutescens

38

53

privigna

33

37

proleuca

27

28

maculata

58

83

pronuba

42

90

mandarina

43

79

propitia

59

84

mandarinella

45

77

proterva

51

68

marcens

29

27

psammia

40

70

marcida

34

77

psammoda

40

53

margaritacea

54

64

pudica

56

59

matritensis

24

54

pulverea

55

80

maxima

64

91

punicea

45

77

melancholica

47

61

puta

28

51

melanura

48

57

putris

49

80

messaouda

36

54

militaris

41

73

quadrangula

52

70

miniago

58

83

modesta

50

80

rattus

52

70

moechilla

29

69

ravida

49

70

moerens

48

60

rectangula

48

59

molothina

38

81

recussa

32

28

multangula

48

59

refulgens

43

79

mnlticuspis

35

56

renigera

55

65

multifida

54

73

rhomboidea

45

80

mus

52

70

ripae

41

50

musculus

50

70

robiginosa

29

30

musiva

39

63

robusta

25

47

musivula

43

79

romanovi

39

53

mustelina

31

36

rossica

33

36

rubi

45

78

nebula

46

77

rubicilia

46

76

nictymerina

40

70

rubricosa

60

88

nigricans

30

32

ruficauda

46

46

nili

31

50

rugifrons

24

23

nivisparsa

64

61

ruta

26

45

nyctopis

31

32

sabuletorum

32

30

obelisca

27

28

sabulosa

25

47

oberthuri

33

35

sareptana

47

61

obesa (Euxoa)

24

46

saucia

53

72

obesa (Nyssocnemis)

56

62

scytha

24

46

obliterata

59

84

seditiosa

31

73

obuncula

45

77

segetis

25

43

occulta

53

87

seliginis

32

33

ocellina

54

73

semiherbida

63

90

ocbreago

58

83

semna

48

61

olivascens

37

75

senescens

37

86

ononensis

50

82

senex

61

88

opipara

32

34

senna

50

81

opisoleuca

34

69

serraticornis

38

53

orbona

42

90

sibirica

49

38

oreas

56

67

sigma

45

79

orplinina

45

77

signifera

35

56

oxalina

62

89

sikkima

40

78

similis

40

70

pachnobides

39

76

simplonia

30

52

pallescens (Euxoa)

25

64

simulans

52

70

pallescens (Cerastis)

60

88

simulatrix

51

71

pallidifrons

28

66

sincera

59

84

pallidula

57

62

singularis

34

59

pancta

37

74

sobrina

61

88

panda

38

81

solida

33

69

parnassiphila

29

31

sollers

55

67

par vula

37

74

sordescens

54

61

patricia

64

91

spania

43

63

patula

26

45

speciosa

59

84

peperida

34

59

spinifera

27

52

perigrapha

38

81

spissilinea

35

73

petersi

41

78

squalida

49

6S

photophila

55

66

squalorum

49

57

pieretti

24

54

stabulorum

49

70

plana

38

63

stentzi

42

79

plecta

44

79

stictica

37

75

plumbea

52

64

straminea

37

74

poecila

55

67

stridula

50

81

poliochroa

58

80

stupenda

43

79

poliogramma

47

80

suavis

51

67

Corrections and Addenda. By Dr. Corti and Dr. M. Draudt.

Ur,

Volume 3

Supplement

page

page

subcorticea

38

63

subdecora

29

70

submolesta

28

73

subplumbea

52

68

subpurpurea

44

79

subrosea

36

63

subsequa ( = comes)

42

90

suecica

57

83

sulcifera

33

34

tamerlana

53

64

tarda

46

77

tecta

39

85

tenuis

40

78

thapsina

40

71

tibetana

28

66

tincta

47

76

tokionis

38

45

toxistigma

54

56

transiens

54

73

triangularis

43

63

triangulum

44

79

trifida

25

73

trifurca

26

47

trifurcula

26

47

trigonica

47

64

tristis

33

36

tritici

32

33

truculenta

54

56

trux

30

51

turatii

26

49

Volume 3

Supplement

page

page

turbans

35

56

typica

62

89

umbrifera

56

58

umbrosa

45

80

unctus

24

54

undosa

63

62

unicolor

57

83

vallesiaca

55

57

vega

59

85

velata

36

63

verecunda

34

59

vestigialis

36

47

vidua

43

79

viguraea

29

73

violetta

51

68

virens

60

87

vitta

33

29

vittata

37

74

westermanni

50

29

wiskotti

51

71

witzemanni

150

88

wockei

50

86

xantkiodes

33

59

xanthographa

46

80

xestiodes

58

83

ypsilon

37

43

zeituna

55

66

Corrections:

p. 73, line 6 from below: nyctopis to be deleted, it was erroneously mentioned twice (compare p. 32).
p. 73, line 4 from below: seditiosa should also be deleted, it is synonymous with incognita (compare

p. 77, line 8 from below: olivascens Hmps. to be deleted, it was erroneously enumerated twice (com¬
pare p. 75).

Addenda:

p. 50 add after A. ripae :

A. Iiaifae Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 35). Dr. Corti was in doubt about this species. He seemed to think haifac.
it was merely a form of the variable desert orv/m.

p. 66 add after Rh. latens:

Rh. ignobilis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 52). There is a query about this species. According to Dr. Corti the ignobilis.
type is not to be found in the Staitdinger collection, although photographs of the types are illustrated in
Iris 36, pi. 11, fig. 14! The best will be to classify same next to latens, with which Staudinger had com¬
pared it. — ignobilis Hmps. is said to be identical with asella Pglr. !

p. 76 add after Rh. pachnobides:

Rh. kolymae Herz (Vol. 3, p. 38).

p. 86 add after P. sajana Tshetv

P. fennoscandica Clayhills. A species that is very similar to sajana, but is still more like the subsequent fennoscan-
amathusia. Forewings with ashy grey basal and marginal areas. Central area is dark grey or grey-brown with

BARATHEA; DISCESTRA; SCOTO GRAMMA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

96

distinct central shade. Stigmata and the pale mediana, as is shown in our illustration of amathusia (12 h). The
posterior transverse line has deeper and longer dentations. A dark shade between veins 4 and 6 in front
of the subterminal line. The subapical and anal spot markings of the other allied species are absent in this
case. Hindwings grey with grey-brown fringes and faint discal and subterminal lines. Palpi shorter than
in sajana. Wing expanse: 34 — 36 mm. N. Finland and northernmost Sweden (Enontekio and the Fischer
peninsular) .

p. 88 add after C. leucographa Schiff .:

faceia. C. faceta Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 c, d). This species is more naturally classified here than in the

Rhyacia group as was done in the Main Volume.

4. Subfamily: Hadeninae.

1. Genus: iSarathra Hbn.

andalusica. B. brassicae L. (Vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 15 e). — In regard to the forms: andalusica Stgr. and decolorata

decolorata. Stgr. it must be remarked that they occur in all possible transitions along with the type form, both in Italy and
central Asia. They may be the predominant forms, but they do not denote exclusive races there. From the
series at our disposal ex the collection of Sohn-Rethel we are illustrating a typical pair (14 a), as the
illustration of andalusica (as “ straminea ” on pi. 15 f) was not satisfactory. Draesecke states also that among
typical brassicae, that cannot be distinguished from the ordinary european form, he has found some decolorata
forms in the captures of the Stotzner expedition to Szechuan. Petersen further advises that he has the
latter form also from Lithuania.

2. Genus: l>Is<*estra Hmps.

vadva. D. vaciva Pglr. ( = eremistis Pglr. ab. 1 Hmps.) (Vol. 3, p. 67) (14 a). This is not a form of eremistis

Pglr. as was stated in the Main Volume. It is a genuine species, which differs from eremistis by the shorter
serrate, fascicularly ciliate antennae of d- Those of eremistis are with smooth shaft and short cilia. It
is smaller, colouration paler and greyer, not so brownish, the outer central line approximates more closely
to the reniform stigma. Hindwings with dark discal spot. From the Ili territory. We are illustrating a
cotype from the Pungeler collection (Berlin Museum).

strobilacei. D. strobilaeei Dumont. Forewings pale ochreous rose, costa with brown and white spots. Basal line

is only visible at costa and below cell. Also the antemedian line only discernible on costa. Posterior trans¬
verse line indistinct, dentate with faintly lighter edges. Subterminal line is wide, indented, sharply dentate
on veins, outer edge white, beyond same a row of widely separated lunules. Fringes brownish and checked.
Orbicular stigma small, elliptical or angular, rosy white with delicate black circumscription. Reniform stigma
large, grey-brown in lower lobe, with 2 white specks at inner angles, open on top, otherwise with black
circumscription. Claviform stigma small, triangular, dark brown with paler centre. Hindwings white with
brownish discal spot and marginal band, brown lunules at margin. Fringes white. Wing expanse: 29 — 35 mm.
Tunis (Tozeur) and Algeria (Biskra), in July. — The ova are white with about 60 ridges of which 12 extend
to the micropyle. Larva tapering off anteriorly, a protuberance on penultimate segment. In its early stages
it is bluish green, when full grown pale yellowish with reddish subdorsal spots and oblique lines extending
towards the dorsal. It feeds on Halocnemum strobilaceum and hides by day. It is found in May and pupates
in a tough sand cocoon.

vassilinini. D. vassilhimi 0. B.-H. (14 a). Forewings ashy grey, all markings faint. Reniform and claviform stig¬

mata with indistinct surrounds. Orbicular stigma is a pale roundish spot without circumscription. The post-
median line is more distinct, sharply dentate, the subterminal is only faintly indicated. Hindwings grey-
white, paler at base. Head and thorax ashy grey. Antennae with short distinct fascicles of cilia, tarsi with
black rings. Wing expanse: 31 mm. From 1 <$ from Elisabeth pol (Transcau casus).

4. Genus: Scolo^raiu m» Smith.

S. trifolii Roll. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 15 g). I consider specimens from Zermatt to be a genuine race:

zermatten- zermattensis /. nov. ; when seen in series in juxtaposition to specimens from central Germany, they show
sis. a somewhat more elongate build, more oblique outer margin, a softer grey ground colour, smoother scaling.
farkasii. the latter is also not so irregularly coarse-grained. Transverse lines almost obsolescent. — farkasii Tr. (14 a).
We are giving a fresh illustration. In Syrmia, Irkutsk and Ussuri it is the predominant race. The paler sub-
terminal area and the light coloured cuneiform mark between the orbicular and claviform stigmata to the
hr urines- postmedian line are characteristic of same. — f. brunnescens Heydem. is a dark coastal form from Sleswig-
rens. Holstein. There is a tendency for the forewings to be obscured by the interspersion of dark grey and grey-
brown scales, especially in marginal area before the subterminal line and in centre of wing. In extremely

Publ. 20. 111. 193 1.

SCOTOGRAMMA. By Dr. M. Gratiot.

07

dark specimens from Amrum, a superficial similarity to dissimilis is created by the deep grey-brown forewings
and the sharply contrasting yellow-white subterminal line; the marginal area anterior to subterminal line is
purer brown, beyond same to margin very dark slate-grey, like the lower half of the reniform stigma. Identical
specimens, that therefore represent this same form, are also before me from Bulgaria, only the patch anterior
to subterminal line is a more pronounced rusty brown in comparison to the slate-grey marginal area. — subsp.
cinnamomina Rothsch. (14 b). All specimens from Algeria incline to cinnamon rose and are less grey than euro- dnnamom'i-
pean specimens. Generally however, they are also very variable in size as well as in the distinctness of the
markings. The larvae feed on Peganum harmala, burying themselves deeply in the sand by day; the lateral
band is rose, edged on both sides by white and narrower than in trifolii. It is fullfed in January and the ima¬
gines emerge in March. It has also been found in Cyrenaica and on Sardinia (Aritzo). — fruticosae Dumont, fruticosar.
It has yet to be ascertained whether this is the same species. The projecting process on frons is less pronounced,
besides it is smaller and colouration is more inclined to ochreous rose. The lines are more delicate and a purer
brown-black, hindwings with wide brown marginal band. The larvae feed exclusively on Salsola fruticosa.

Tunisia (Tozeur).

S. chimaera Rothsch. differs from the similar cinnamomina by its larger size and narrower wing contour. cMvuiera.

It is a bright pale brownish grey with very large round reniform stigma and a blackish submarginal band on
forewings. Veins of hindwings are sharply outlined grey-black. Wing expanse: 43 mm. From one from Ain
Sefra (Algeria), captured in March.

S. ghigii Trti. From the description this species comes between sodae and stigmosa. It is somewhat paler ghigii.
than the former, but a deeper grey than stigmosa. Markings are very similar but the orbicular stigma is a
large round white spot and the reniform stigma, which otherwise is not clearly marked, has a distinctly sharp
white inner edge. Marginal area is scarcely darker than ground colour, with indistinct subterminal line. The
small dark preapical spot, which the two above named species possess, is absent here and the two transverse
lines are scarcely visible. Claviform stigma small and short. Hindwings white as in stigmosa with wide dark
marginal band and a central line indicated. Collar without black line. Wing expanse: 30 mm. Derna (Cyrenaica).

S. marmorosa Bkh. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 15 h). — obscura Hoffm. are dusky specimens from Styria, which obscura.
closely resemble microdon. — dalmatina Schwing. is also close to microclon , but smaller, more monotonous in dalmatina.
colouration, especially the “W” mark of the subterminal line and the sagittate marks are much less distinct.

Hindwings darker only in the outer third. Dalmatia.

S. implexa Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 15 k). The illustration is cpiite unrecognisable. It was the copy of implexa.
a copy. We are giving (14 b) a good illustration of a specimen from Aflou from the collection of Pungeler.

The species is widely distributed over Algeria. At Lambessa for instance it is common from April to June.

Fritz Wagner has also discovered it in Anatolia.

S. schawyra O.B.-H. (14 b) should be classified after dianthi (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 15 h). It is smaller schawyra.
than the latter; ground colour of forewings grey -brown, the brown claviform stigma contrasting distinctly;
orbicular stigma white, reniform stigma brownish with irregular circumscriptions, the two transverse stripes
are double; fringes with brown checks. Hindwings impure grey with dark outer margin. Wing expanse: 30 mm.

Tannuola mountains: Sliawyr, at an altitude of 2500 m, in June.

S. pugnax Hbn. is the valid name and replaces treitschkei Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 18 a). As the illus- pugnax.
tration in Main Volume does not truly represent this species, that is like trifolii and marmorosa, we are giving
a better illustration here (14 b). Colouration is more monotonous than marmorosa , fringes of hindwings always
a brownish hue, whilst in marmorosa they are yellowish white. Genitalia differ considerably from trifolii. A
very widely distributed species; besides occurring in S. France, it is frequently found in Morocco to Algeria
and Tunis, where it is found only from September to November; in Algeria it seems to occur almost
throughout the year. According to Vorbrodt it also occurs in Switzerland; in the Pungeler collection there
are specimens from Spain — among them an aberrative, darker blackish form — , Portugal, Sarafshan and
Issyk-Kul! — petricolor Trti. is described as a local race. It has a purer ashy grey ground colour without pelricolor.
the brownish tone of the type form. From the Apennines of Modena in July.

S. sodae Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 15 h). We are giving a better illustration here (14 b). — subsp. rosacea rosacea.
Rothsch. (14 b) denotes the generally smaller specimens from Algeria and Tunis that have a more rosy hue.

It occurs from March to June.

S. salicorniae Dumont is as large as sodae and similarly marked, but the forewings are white with salicomiae.
sharper and more distinct markings, reniform stigma is wider and less long, grey-brown, paler whitish at top,
darker posteriorly with black circumscription and elliptical at top; orbicular stigma of the same shade as ground
with black circumscription, nearer to the reniform stigma than in sodae, the ground between same being pure
white; claviform stigma is distincter and larger than sodae-, lines are faint, the posterior one being nearer to
reniform stigma with rosy white outer edge. Subterminal line is bright brown with white outer edge. Be¬
tween veins 6 — 3 there are three brown sagittate marks. In front of the black-brown marginal line there is a
white line, which at apex and anal angle expands to spots. Fringes have brown and white checks. Hindwings
pure vhite with brownish speckles in marginal area and bright brown marginal line; fringes white or pale rose.

Supplementary Volume 3 13

98

POLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

rasclaini. — raselaini Dumont has ground colour of rosy hue with larger and darker stigmata, almost black claviform
stigma; on margin there are 2 sagittate marks only between veins 4 and 6; in the $ hindwings are duskier
brown. Tozeur, in April. — The larvae are pale green with indistinct dorsal line and whitish latera1 stripes
having a red spot in the centre of each segment. True legs are brown. They feed concurrently with those of
■sodae on Salicornia fruticosa.

picta. S. picta Trti . belongs in the group of pugnax. Forewings paler yellowish, faintly rosy ground colour

with distinct dark brown markings. The small longish orbicular stigma with brown surround, the large reni-
form stigma with dark outward edge, quadrate, the other markings as in trifolii-cinnamomina. The marginal
line consists of deep black lunules, fringes in the anterior half of same colour as ground, outwardly with white
and brown checks, the two halves intersected by a brown line. Hindwings dark grey-brown with paler post¬
median band. Fringes whitish. Tobruk (Cyrenaica). March.
stigmosa. S. stigmosa Christ. (Voh 3. p. 68, pi. 15 h). This species occurs in Anatolia according to Fritz Wagner

and in the Dobrudja (Silver Coast) according to Caradja. We are illustrating (14 c) a specimen from the latter
locality that has very kindly been sent to me for the purpose. In the collection of Pungeler there is a specimen
from Mauretania with almost grey-white ground colour with faint yellowish tone, that resembles the anatolian
specimens in appearance and has very faint markings. Scaling is smoother and the black spot posterior to
reniform stigma which is usually prominently black, is in this case quite pale sandy brownish.
brassidna. S. brassicina sp.n. (14 c). This new species, that was at the time before Hampson, was classified by

him as Scotogramma “near trifolii”. Outwardly in form and size it is certainly like B. brassicae ; however the
scaling is softer and smoother, ashy grey and more monotonous. Both transverse lines are faintly indicated,
the reniform stigma is more concave outwardly, filled with white at lower outer extremity; the subterminal
line is characteristic, it extends quite straightly and parallel to margin without a“W” mark; it is of pale yellow¬
ish colouration; at margin there are pale yellowish lunules in interstices which have rather darker outer edges.
Hindwings dusty grey. From the western Altai. Types in the Pungeler collection at the Berlin Museum.
armata. S. armata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 18 a). As the illustration was poor, we are giving a fresh illustration

of this species (14 d).

isoloma. S. isoloma Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 69, pi. 18 a) cannot be recognised from the illustration, we are therefore

again illustrating this species (14 d), which is hitherto only known from the type.

6. Genus: folia Tr.

cana. P. proximo Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 69. pi. 16 a). The form — cana Ev. from Petropolis is characterised by

nevadensis. the pale lilac grey basal and subterminal areas, which are almost devoid of markings. — nevadetisis Reisser
(14 d) is larger, never less than 17 mm wing expanse; pale ashy grey, the central area is not duskier; there are
rusty red interspersions along the basal streak, between the stigmata and especially in a quadrate patch below
the reniform stigma, between the claviform stigma and the posterior transverse line. Generally there are
also patches of the same colour at subterminal line. Hindwings pale grey- white. From Sierra Nevada.
helvctica. P. serratilinea Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 70, pi. 16 c). — helvetica Schaw. (14 d) is somewhat larger on an average,

darker and more olive-grey, the scaling being smoother and less irregular. The subterminal line is generally
much fainter, the entire markings being more diffuse and indistinct. In many specimens there is a rather more
prominent dark central area. The white or whitish grey paler patches of the austrian specimens are absent,
except for the white reniform stigma. Zermatt, Simplon, Martigny. Specimens from the Urals are much darker
heinrichi. and more bluish grey and similar forms occur in Lower Austria (Pottschach). — heirtrichi Schaw. from Digue,
is described as a race; it varies more and is paler grey with a light grey outer third of forewings being devoid
of markings. The subterminal line and sagittate marks are quite absent, so that there are only the postmedian
kowa- markings and the stigmata left and these are only slightly more prominent. — kowatschevi Dren. is a larger
Ischevi. agPy grey race from Bulgaria. Colour is without yellowish tone, markings are bold and clear, the double white
spot in reniform stigma is distinctly apparent.

spctla x. P. spalax Alph. (Vol. 3, p, 70, pi. 18 b). The illustration was unrecognisable, we are giving a fresh illus¬

tration of this nice species (14 d). It is obviously closely related to the preceding species, but nevertheless
clearly distinct.

desquamaia. P. desquamata Filipp is placed by its author next to the two preceding species owing to the analogy

in the genitalia. Wing contour as spalax, apex slightly more protracted. Forewings grey with very indistinct and
diffuse pale grey markings. The anterior transverse line, if visible at all, is somewhat dentate, the posterior
line forms an arc in centre, that is bent towards the base. The central area contracts towards the lower half.
The dentate subterminal line is paler than the ground colour; stigmata only faintly indicated; fringes whitish
with darker dividing line, the tips dusted with darker markings. Hindwings monotonous grey, barely darker
than forewings. Wing expanse: 39 — 44 mm. Pamir, Kashgar.
roborovskii. P„ roborovskii Filipp is most closely related to the preceding. Somewhat smaller, forewings more elon¬

gate, colouration as in desquamata , markings also quite diffuse and indistinct. In place of the central shade,
a dark streak along costa; the posterior transverse line is not inclined to the same extent towards the base in

POLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

99

its lower half, subterminal line distincter, margin more boldly undulate, fringes with two dividing lines. Wing
expanse: 37 — 41 mm. N.W. of Kuku-Nor (Nan-shan, Ulan Bulak).

P. conspicua A. B.-H. (14 e). This is a remarkable and larger species, that from superficial resemblance conspicua.
is compared to Crym. maillardi. Forewings grey-black somewhat admixed with white. Basal and antemedian
transverse lines whitish, posterior line regularly undulate with finely drawn, distinct sharp dentate arcs, that
are protracted in points along the veins towards the margin. Subterminal line whitish edged inwardly by black
sagittate marks. Orbicular stigma very small, grey with delicate black edge. Reniform stigma as in maillardi.

Clavifonn stigma with fine black surround. Anterior to the distinctly white checked fringes, black marginal
lunules. Hindwings grey-black with darker marginal and narrow postmedian bands. Fringes with pure white
extremities. From 1 A from the Sajan territory. Would possibly be better classified under Aplecta next to tiefi.

P. peregrina Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 70, pi. 16 c). The illustration in Main Volume is unsatisfactory especially peregrina.
in regard to wing contour A better illustration is given here (14e). Said also to occur in Algeria (Tebessa).

P. atlas A. E. Prout is described as resembling contigua, but with shorter and wider wing contour and may alius.
possibly be related to dentina. Thorax grey, intermixed with brown. Forewings pale reddish yellow dusted
with grey, more especially posterior to subterminal line. Central area as dark as in contigua with a black curved
basal streak. Antemedian area darkly shaded. Anterior transverse line double, more oblique than in contigua,
the inner portion faintly marked, the outer portion black between the veins. Orbicular stigma smaller and
more obliquely placed, also reniform stigma is narrower, claviform stigma with distinct black outline and a
smaller pale dentiform mark posteriorly. The posterior transverse line is partially treble. Subterminal line
as in contigua with distinct “W”, which however does not extend right to margin. Hindwings fairly heavily
dusted with black-brown. From 1 $ from Tenfecht (Morocco). It occurs at end of April.

P. contigua Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 71, pi. 16 d). The name w-latinum Hufn. was held by Pungeler to refer contigua.
to contigua and denotes specimens with very pale basal and subterminal areas, devoid of markings, the inner
marginal area between the two being of the same shade. Hampson considered that the name w-latinum both
of Hufn. and Esj). referred to genistae. We merely desire to draw attention to these inconsistencies, in the hope
that subsequent investigations will clear the position up. - - dives Haw. was mentioned in Main Volume as being dives.
synonymous. ■ I should prefer to consider it as denoting the form with paler ground colour, having an almost
white transverse line posterior to postmedian. — contiguella Krul. from Wiatka is a darker greyer form con-
resembling Polia altaica. — decolor A. B.-H. designates much paler forms, the colour is heavily admixed with
grey and also hindwings are much paler. From the Juldus territory. The introduction of the name — spuleri spuleri.
Wnukowsky for am, vr crisis Spul. is unnecessary. The reason that is given, that there is already an amurensis
Stcjr. of aliena in this Genus, is invalid in reference to denominations of races.

P. monotona A. B.-H. (14 e) is close to altaica , (Vol. 3, p. 71, pi. 16 f.) but smaller. Ground colour dark monotona.
grey to bluish black with paler and darker shadings, whilst altaica is more reddish and wing contour more
elongate. Hindwings darker than in altaica. Markings are otherwise identical. Wing expanse: 39 — 40 mm.

Sajan territory.

P. adustaeoides Draes. closely resembles Crino adusta. Forewings dark brown, both transverse lines adu-
double, dark with pale interfilling. Orbicular and reniform stigmata grey-black with delicate black circum- ■sfae,J'l/cs-
scriptions, the latter with a creamy yellow spot at top and below outwardly with 2 white spots. Claviform
stigma wide and short, similarly surrounded by black. Costa with black dots, the wide pale postmedian area
peppered with dark scales, the indistinct subterminal has a short “W” which does not extend to outer marg¬
in and with dark inner shade. There is a black line at base of fringes which are dark with a pale basal line.

Hindwings yellow-brown with darker neuration and dark brown margin. Ta-tsien-lu.

P. abikonis Mats. (14e) appears from the illustration to most closely resemble genistae, but has much abikonis.
longer and narrower forewings which are grey with black streak at base below the mediana. The black ante¬
median line is sharply curved outwards on the submedian fold, having a grey-white inner edge. Cell is widely
shaded with black-brown. The large oval orbicular stigma is grey-white with black circumscription, reniform
stigma smaller with buff centre, elliptical outwardly. Below the stigmata a wide black patch combines the
two transverse lines. The postmedian is extinct, intertilled with whitish, only visible behind the above men¬
tioned patch. The subterminal area below vein 4 is lead-grey. Marginal area posterior to the dentate subterminal
line as in genistae but much darker. There are black and grey-white lunules at margin. Fringes yellowish with
dark central line. At apex there is a large whitish patch. Wing expanse: 45 mm. Honsho (Japan) in April.

P. dissimilis Knock (Vol. 3, p. 71. pi. 16 f.). — errata Gn. is a large paler form that is inclined to buff errata.
and which occurs chiefly in the Swiss mountains. — variegata Rebel is a most brightly marked form. Fore- varicgata.
wings brownish with distinct transverse lines, pale orbicular and reniform stigmata and striking claviform
stigma with dark centre. The area posterior to postmedian forms a pale brownish grey band. - distincta Heinrich distinct a .
is an aberration in which the lower half of reniform stigma and also often the orbicular stigma are filled with
black. Described from Digne.

P. granti Warr. appears to closely resemble dissimilis. Forewings reddish brown with a dark brown grant i.
streak below the mediana. Orbicular stigma is small, elongate, pale, with dark brown surround. The cell

100

POLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

szeischwana.

ochrorenis.

praedita.

pallida.

schneideri.

jurca.

suavis.

vidua.

obsoleta.

brunneo-

maculata.

variegata.

aestiva.

rukavaarae.

salt-

dalensis.

nyiwonis.

luteocinna-

momea.

aino.

posterior and anterior to same filled with darker brown. The rectangular reniform stigma is scaled with white
and lias a dark brown surround. Transverse lines are almost extinct, the outer one bulges like a square, posterior
to cell, returning to the lower end of reniform stigma and thence vertically to inner margin. Fringes with
pale basal line. Hindwings pale brownish with faintly darker discal spot and dentate postmedian. Wing ex¬
panse: 38 mm. Azores in May at an altitude of 1000', described from a single <$.

P. szetschwana Draes. somewhat resembles persicariae , but antennae of <$ are fascicular and serrate
and on each segment there is a pah of long bristles. Forewings black -brown with black transverse lines which
converge towards inner margin and become diffuse. The orbicular and reniform stigmata have black sur¬
rounds, the former oblique, the latter has a white dot in centre and 2 further dots at lower edge. Claviform
stigma large with black circumscription. Anterior to subterminal line there are black cuneiform marks with
minute orange dots beyond same. The glossy brownish hindwings paler at base with blackish marginal streaks
and brownish fringes that are paler at base. Abdomen pale brownish with 4 black dorsal tufts and coppery
anal tuft. Szechuan (Ta-tsien-lu, Omilisien, Wassekou).

P. persicariae L. (Vol. 3, p. 72. pi. 16 h, i). — ab. ochrorensis Kard. has a golden yellow reniform stigma
instead of a white one. It is peppered with dark brown scales and surrounded by a fine pale yellow line. De¬
scribed from the Amur region.

P. praedita Hbn. (= perdita A. B.-H.) (Vol. 3, p. 72, pi. 18 b). The illustration in Main Volume was
unrecognisable, we are giving a fresh illustration here (14 e). — pallida A. B.-H. denotes specimens with distinctly
pale yellow tone in place of the more or less pale to dark grey of type form . Described from Kashgar and Yarkend.

P. schneideii Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 72, pi. 18 b). The illustration was not satisfactory. We are giving a better
one here (14 f . ) ; eversmanni is very similar, but easily differentiable by the round orbicular stigma and purer
white hindwings.

P. furca Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 72, pi. 18 b). The old illustration was scarcely recognisable and a better one
is given here (14 f ) .

P. suavis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 73, pi. 18 c). We are giving an illustration (14 f) of a specimen from the
Pungeler collection.

P. vidua Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 73, pi. 18 c). The old illustration is umecognisable. We are giving a fresh
one here (14 f).

P. oleracpd L. (Vol. 3, p. 73, pi. 17 a* as “ochracea”). — obsoleta Lamb, denotes specimens with extinct
reniform stigma. - brunneomaculata Heinrich have dark brown colouration to stigmata instead of orange-
yellow. — variegata Aust. is not quite correctly described in Main Volume. In specimens from Algeria, Tunisia
and Morocco, colouration of upperside is lighter, more ochreous grey, the lines paler and purer white, the
stigmata more prominent. In S. France (Hyeres) transition forms occur. In N. Africa it occurs from March
to September.

P. pisi L. (Vol. 3, p. 73, pi. 17 b, c). — aestiva Rothke is perhaps identical with splendens, or possibly
a 2nd generation. It is darker brown-red, almost unicolourous with quite extinct markings, only the white anal
spot is left. — rukavaarae Hoffm. should not be deemed identical with the british scotica Tutt (= rukavaarae
Steph.). We are illustrating ( 1 4 f ) a cotype from Kuusamo, of which I have before me a few specimens from
the collection of Sohn-Rethel. These are all small and with faint markings, of grey-violet colouration without
brownish admixture. Also mentioned as occurring in Esthland. — saltdalensis Strd. from Norway is more
monotonously marked. It is smaller (30 mm), darker brown, without central shade, the indistinct stigmata
of same colour as ground. Transverse lines scarcely perceptible, the subterminal line is indistinct and white
anal spot very small. From Saltdalen. — subsp. nyiwonis Mats, from N. Saglialin differs from type form by
a striking dark brown central band between the stigmata, that extends from costa to inner margin and a simi¬
larly striking uniformly wide white submarginal line, that is just a shade narrower at costa. Ground colour
with the deep red hue of the form scotica Tutt.

P . softa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 73, pi. 18 c) can scarcely be recognised from the old illustration. A good illus¬
tration is given here (14 g). — luteocinnanioniea Rothsch. (14 g) is a pale reddish yellow race, markings being
prominently reddish brown, especially the claviform stigma and its prolongation to posterior transverse line
are distinctly marked. Hindwings somewhat more yellowish, not such a pure white. It occurs" from March to
October in Algeria (Biskra).

P. aino Mats, is compared by its author with the form ochrea Tutt of the subsequent species. Fore¬
wings olive-grey, marked- with black and white. The double subbasal line is only distinct at costa, both trans¬
verse lines double, the anterior one with 2 sharp dentations towards the base on vein 1, the sub median con¬
joined by a bold black longitudinal streak with postmedian; the large oval orbicular stigma white with grey
centre streak, edged with olive yellow. The large round white reniform stigma having black edge only poster¬
iorly. Below the orbicular stigma a large white cuneiform mark with 2 dentations below outwardly. The
wide indistinct subterminal line shaded outwardly with olive, there are 2 dark spots beyond same above centre
and at anal angle. On the margin a black line that expands in the interstices. Fringes white, admixed with
black and olive. The white hindwings are dusky at margin, with obsolete post-median and dark marginal line.
Hokkaido and Honsho (Japan).

POLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

101

P. nana Huf n. (Vol. 3, p.73, pi. 17 c). — leucostigma Haw. is too reddish yellow in the illustration. We leuco-
are therefore illustrating a very typical specimen from Gran Sasso (14 g). The form occurs frequently in the
higher Swiss Alps. — variegata Vorbr. is a striking form from Buren, the central area being suffused with red- variegata,.
brown, except for the orbicular stigma and outer area. The yellow basal spot is deep orange. — schultzi Rebel schulbi.
is a dark form with indistinct stigmata, striking grey-white outer band and blackish shaded marginal area
beyond the sub terminal.

P. glauca Kleem. (Vol. 3, p. 74, pi. 17 d). — lappo Dwp. besides being of paler and duller colouration, lappo.
is very small. As synonym we have to add: frigida Zett. (teste Nordstrom), which has no connection with
L. dovrensis with which it was erroneously classified. — paupercula Pglr. (14 g) is a large, sleek, very pale olive- paupcr-
brownish form from Mongolia (Aksu). Another central asiatic form is: — piingeleri form. n. (14g) similarly
larger but with remarkably wide wings, paler and duller grey, in consequence of which the subterminal
area and 2 stigmata appear more unicoloured. Issyk-kul, Alexander mountains. Types in the coll. Rungeler
in the Berlin Museum.

P. lamuta Herz (Vol. 3, p. 255) was classified in the Genus Sympistis in Main Volume, but is certainly lamuta.
a Polia. Oberthur unnecessarily created the Genus: Anartodes for it. It is a purer slate-blue than the better
known rangnowi. Orbicular and reniform stigmata conjoined on mediana by a white streak. Marginal band
of hindwings narrower. Siberia (Jakutsk). — rangnowi Pilng. (14 g). Forewings resemble those of a dark and rangnowi.
monotonous glauca, but wings are wider. Markings somewhat more distinct than in lamuta, claviform stigma
black, sometimes with slightly paler centre. Orbicular stigma extinct, reniform stigma enlarged laterally on
both sides at lower end, outwardly whitish. Small black triangular spots occur before the indistinct, barely
dentate subterminal line. Hindwings white with wide black marginal band, grey-black costa, dark central
spot and white fringes. Sweden (Lappmark, Lulea) occurring at end of June and early July, flying by day
in damp forest clearings. — tunkinski 0. B.-H. has forewings inclined to greenish grey with dusky central area, tunkinski.
the outer two-thirds of mediana white to angle of reniform stigma. The latter has a straight outer edge, out¬
lined in white. Hindwings with marginal band expanding towards anal angle, discal spot bolder in the form
of a streak. Sajan mountains, S.W. of Irkutsk, Weiss mountains at an altitude of 2000 m. Occurring in July.

P. retrusa Pilng. (Vol. 3, p. 74). We are illustrating the type (14 h). The Stoetzner expedition brought retrusa.
back a number of specimens from Szechuan.

P. calberlai Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 74, pi. 17 e). — eburnea Sohn- Bethel (14 h) are aberrative specimens with eburnea.
ivory-white ground colour and barely indicated darker markings. Only the space between stigmata forms a
dark triangle. Marginal line dark brown and interrupted, fringes pale with dark checks. Hindwings grey-
brown with diffuse, wide whitish outer margin. From the Roman Campagna. — decrepita Did. are transitions, decrepita.
all markings considerably reduced and fainter, so that only indications are left. Ground colour paler, inclined
to grey, central area only slightly darker. Occurs everywhere among the main type form in Italy, up to 1200 m
altitude. — teriolensis Dhl. (14 li) is the race from the Tyrol. It is more robust, with wider wings, more boldly teriolensis.
coloured, the central area pronouncedly darker with increased black markings, tone of ground colour greyer.

This form especially occurs in the Bolzano district in 2 broods.

P. cappa Him. (Vol. 3, p. 74, pi. 17 e). This easily recognisable species, that varies very little, also cuppa.
occurs in May in Algeria (Sidi bel Abbes).

P. Corsica Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 74, pi. 17 e) is certainly a genuine species and not a form of serena, as has Corsica.
constantly been assumed by various authors, such as Hampson, Rothschild etc. It is much more olive-grey
and very constant. The illustration in Main Volume was rather indistinct and we are giving a fresh illustration
here (14 h).

P. serena Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 74, pi. 17 f). — obscura Stgr. is well depicted in Main Volume. It may be obscura.
called a race in its localities at Zermatt and Bormio, occurring elsewhere as an aberration. — weissi form. n. weissi.

(14 h) denotes a form that resembles Corsica, but which is always paler and less brightly marked, with much
paler hindwings. It occurs probably in all more southerly localities and specimens are before me from Cata¬
lonia (Barcelona).

P. spinaciae View. (Vol. 3, p. 75, pi. 17 f). — subsp. faroulti Rothsch. (= africana Oberth.) has a more faroulU.
reddish brown tone. It occurs almost throughout the year in N. Africa (14 h).

P. drenowskii Rbl. should be classified next to spinaciae. It is much larger and can be distinguished drenowskii.
by a pale oblique patch in centre of forewings and grey-white hindwings having blackish dusky margins. Thorax
and forewings ashy grey with whitish admixture. The basal area irrorated with grey-black, outlined by the
lobular anterior transverse stripe. Stigmata small, reniform stigma indistinct, claviform stigma quite absent.

The white transverse band commences before centre of costa and extends and expands to the fold. There are
a few orange-yellow scales in basal and discal areas and around the stigmata. Subterminal line whitish, fringes
with dark checks. Wing expanse: 37 mm. Albania (Alibotus) occurring in July.

P. maderae Baker (Vol. 3, p. 75, pi. 18 c). This species has now also been captured at Teneriffe (Oro- maderae.
tava) by Otto Stertz.

102

HARMODIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

7. Genus: Mar mods a Hbn.

Whether one should retain the generic name that was given in 1827 to compta, is a matter for individual
decision. There would appear to be more justification then to take the name created for filigramma by HTbxer
(2 pages previously) viz: Polymixis. For my part I should prefer to retain the almost universally known name
Dianthoecia Bsd. (1834) which seems to me the better name, also from a biological standpoint.

conjuncia. H. rivularis F. (= rivosa Strom., cucubali Esp .) (Vol. 3, p. 75, pi. 17 g). — conjuncta Klem. denotes

the aberration described from Galicia (Rytro) with widely confluent orbicular and reniform stigmata. It of
course may occur occasionally anywhere.

cximia. H. exiitlia Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 77, pi. 18 i). It would probably be more correct to place this species next to

rivularis , as the general impression is not dissimilar, although colouration and shape of lines are different.

Icpida. H. lepida Esp. (= carpophaga Blch., perplexa Him.) (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 17 i) designates the paler, more

reddish brown specimens without any white markings in stigmata and transverse stripes, which are only inter-
rapsophila. filled with a faintly lighter shade of brown. — capsophila Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 18 d) has proved to be no ge¬
nuine species, there are no differences in genitalia. Ground colour is a deeper sepia brown, stigmata and trans¬
verse lines interfilled with purer white or have white edges. As the form was not satisfactorily illustrated, a
better illustration is given here (13 b) from a specimen from the Abruzzi. The type form occurs in all possible
sorts of transitions to lepida, in Germany, Switzerland, France, Spain, Italy and in a. somewhat sleeker varying
sicula. form in Sardinia and eastwards to the Hi territory and Thian-shan. — sicula Drt (13 b) is a somewhat smaller,
pure grey form with darker prominent central area from Sicily and occurring in transitions at Capri.

nevadac. H. nevadae Drt. (13 b) is very similar to capsophila, but smaller and more gracefully built, with more,

rounded apex to forewings and more delicately and sparsely scaled. Ground colour more greyish, black mark¬
ings more delicate, the double transverse lines enwidened, the anterior one contingent to orbicular stigma,
the posterior one bending towards base at inner margin, where it is widely edged with white. The postmedian
area narrower, the subterminal line irregular and extinct, less sharply dentate. The sagittate marks before
same small and dull, marginal area paler, heavily peppered with white. On underside of hindwings there is
no dentate postmedian line and subterminal band as in lepida. Described from Sierra Nevada.

corrupta. H. corrupta Herz (= subviolacea Mats.) (Vol. 3, p. 83) (13 c) is not an Epia, nor a form of christophi,

but a genuine species, in close relationship to capsophila. It is more brightly marked than the latter with whitish
lilac bluish pale antemedian and postmedian areas. The oval orbicular stigma is situate obliquely. Subterminal
line almost without dentations. Central area frequently contrasts by being much darker. The description and
illustration of Polia subviolacea by Matsumura seem to be identical with corrupta. It is apparently widely
distributed in northern and central Asia, as far as Saghalin.

syriaca. H. syriaca Osth. (= osthelderi Drt.) (13 b) is an interesting new discovery. From outward appearance

it resembles a very small lepida with bright rusty yellow tone and a much paler patch posterior to postmedian.
Specimens however also occur with pure brown colour, which can scarcely be differentiated from lepida. The
completely different genitalia however indicate that it should actually be placed close to silenes. It has like
the latter, a transverse projection on lower half of frons, which lepida has not. The subterminal line is less
sharply dentate, the sagittate marks before same small and pale. N. Syria, Taurus, Marash and recently .also
found in Europe in Bulgaria. According to information from Zerny it occurs at Stanimaka and also at Slivno;
specimens in the Vienna Museum.

silenes. H. silenes Him. (Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 20 d). This also cannot be an Epia, but from its structure should

certainly be placed close to capsophila. The illustration in the Main Volume is unrecognisable, a fresh one is
given here (13 c). In its typical form it has distinct and clear markings, large stigmata, very sharply dentate
Irisagiitata. subterminal line, the sagittate marks before same being long and pointed and very distinctly marked. — tri-
sagittata Rothsch. are darker specimens from Algeria with brighter and more sharply contrasting colouration.
variegata. — variegata Wgnr. is almost identical, but a shade paler in consequence of white admixture around the st-ig-
calcescens. mata, in marginal and anal regions. Akshehir. — calcescens DM. are still paler specimens from the central
sancta. italian chalk hills, having grey -white colour with large white stigmata. — sancta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 82) is not an
Epia, nor a form of nisus, as stated in Main Volume, but a very darkly suffused black-brown form of silenes
cinoclirea. from Sicily and S. Spain. We are illustrating same here (13 c). — cinochrea Chret. is probably only a small pale
grey silenes form from Gafsa. I have not seen a specimen as yet.

capsivora. H. capsivora Drt. (13d) is larger than lepida, more sleekly built, outer margin of forewings decidedly

wider. It also resembles bicruris differing from same by the perfectly circular black-brown orbicular stigma with
white circumscription as in lepida. The reniform stigma is also as in the latter, but with an additional white
central streak in the brown centre. The mediana is not white between the stigmata. Claviform stigma very
large and black as in bicruris. The subterminal line regularly curved forming a faint “S'”. There is no “W”
mark. It is delicately marked and stands out sharply white. There are 4 anterior black sagittate marks. The

HARMODIA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

103

black marginal lunules have delicate white inner edges and beyond there is a fine yellow-white line at base of
fringe. Fringes with distinct white checks. Hindwings pale grey-brown, duskier at margin. Antennae with
somewhat longer fascicular cilia than in lepida. Askhabad.

H. bicruris Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 75, pi. 17 h).

H. filigramma Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 18 f) (13 d). There has been some misconception about this species jiliyramma
and an examination of the type, which was first described from the Tyrol, has shown that it belongs to -
xanthocyanea, a species that is widely distributed in Europe. The form from the Tyrol is larger and paler, with
greater admixture of white and boldly marked with orange. — xanthocyanea Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 18 f) (13 e) xantlio-
is the black, dusky form and not a separate species. It is more heavily peppered with black and has almost cyanea
no orange scales. Widely distributed and extending to Spain, Italy and eastern Europe. — niorosa Schaw. morosa.
denotes especially dark blackish specimens from Waidbruck. — estonica Drt. (13 e) is a nice uniformly blue- estonica.
grey mottled form, without white or orange and finely marked with black. Hindwings darker black-grey than
forewings. From Esthland. polyniita Hbn. (13 e) is a pure olive-brown form, almost free of speckles, with polymita.
sharply marked transverse lines and stigmata. It also has no white scales, but a slight interspersion of orange.

Hitherto it has been held to be the genuine filigramma and it occurs in Hungary. — consparcata Frr. (Vol. 3, con-
p. 76, pi. 18 e). This is also a form of filigramma , the genitalia being identical. A smaller, more gracefully sParca a-
built subspecies, richly marked with white and of pure ashy grey ground colouration. The illustration of the
A in Main Volume is good, that of the $ is probably a <$ of the above mentioned form polymiia. We are
therefore giving an illustration of a very typical specimen of the $ here (13 e). It is characteristic of this group
of species that the large claviform stigma is approximately quadrate and elliptical at top.

H. consparcatoides Schaw. (13 e) is a genuine species closely related to the preceding. It is copiously consparca-
scaled with white on blackish grey ground. Base of costa, stigmata and a spot behind claviform stigma purer toicles-
white. There is a considerable admixture of orange at the base. The broad, flat blue-white scales that are
interspersed on the inner margin towards the base, are very characteristic. Hindwings very pale grey-brown
with darker marginal band. The species reminds one somewhat of nana Roll. Hitherto only found at Albar-
racin in Spain.

H. luteocincta Rbr. (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 18 f) is not a form of filigramma ,, as assumed in Main Volume, lutcocincta.
but a genuine and very different species. The type that is described from Spain (13 e) is small, dusky grey-
brown, with sparse interspersion of white scales, whilst orange scales are liberally intermixed. Orbicular stigma
small, round with a minute, but very clear dark central spot. Claviform stigma filled with black to a greater
or lesser degree. It is always small, round and with black circumscription in contrast to filigramma- xantho¬
cyanea. The posterior transverse line is especially sharply dentate. The difficulty of distinguishing from fili¬
gramma is greater in the form found in the Tyrol and probably elsewhere in Switzerland — persimilis Drt. persimilis.
(13 f) which is always much larger and of paler colouration. Thereby it closely approximates the genuine tyrolese
filigramma in appearance. The shape of claviform stigma helps to distinguish the form. — dubia Trti. (13 f) dubia.
is the form of luteocincta from the Abruzzi, with identical genitalia, differing distinctly by the wider bluish
white central area of forewings and the very heavy admixture of orange. — schawerdae Kruger ( 1 3 f ) is a pale schawcrdae
blue-grey, uniformly mottled form with indistinct markings and varying orange admixture, in the typical form
from Karst in Istria this is absent, in specimens from Corsica and from the Caucasus often prominent. — kriigeri kriigeri.
Trti. (13 f) from Sicily is a very pale, light bluish white but similar form, that is more distinctly marked with
delicate black and rich orange scaling in antemedian and postmedian areas and in the surrounds to stigmata.

- tristis Drt. (13 f) in contrast to same, is a very dark form, suffused with black, almost devoid of admixture tristis.
of white scales and either without or with very sparse orange scaling. It corresponds approximately to the
morosa form of xanthocyanea and occurs at Elisabethpol. — karagaia A. B.-H. (13 f) forms a transition to the karagaia.
red central asiatic form. Markings blackish and fairly diffuse, orange scaling profuse, most striking is a very
large orange patch at base of forewings. From Karagai-tao. — igilicola Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 18 f) and the ignicola.
extreme form of same, completely covered by orange — intensa Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 18 f) are not held to intensa.
be separate species, but belong to the group of forms of luteocincta. The illustrations in the Main Volume
are quite satisfactory.

H. wehrlii Drt. (13 g) forms a sort of transition between luteocincta and the subsequent species. It differs tcehrlii.
from the former by its smaller size and pure black colouration especially in basal and postmedian areas, devoid
of all orange. It is sharply and boldly marked, especially the transverse lines with their long dentations, the
points of the posterior dentate line conjoined by a second line. In the pale central area a further sharply dentate
central line is visible. Hindwings dark grey -brown. The genitalia differ from both allied species. Sierra Ne¬
vada (Spain).

H. melanochroa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 76) (13 g) is also a genuine species. It is much smaller than luteocincta, melano-
markings more indistinct and diffuse, colouration darker and duller, orange admixture varies but is generally dhroa.
only sparse. Basal area generally dark and separated from the somewhat paler central area by an outwardly
convex arc. Transverse lines quite indistinct. The chief localities are Pontus, Amasia, and Asia Minor. —

104

HARMODIA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

castriota.

humilis.

weissi.

vulcanica.

aureomixta.

duercki.

j uneven.

heringi.

lypra.

staudingeri.

pfeifferi.

pecirkai.

xantho-

phoba.

castriota Rbl. & Zerny is the same species as melanochroa and somewhat larger with more contrasting colour¬
ation, inclined to blue-grey and with paler central area. An examination of the cotype of — humilis Chr.
(Vol. 3, p. 77 under compta ) from Borshom, has established, that it is also a melanochroa form and not belonging
to compta, which scarcely varies from name type; humilis therefore, having been described later, should be
dealt with as a synonym of melanochroa. — castriota was described from Albania. — weissi f.n. (13 g) from
the Caucasus are larger, colouration more montonous, blue-grey with faintly paler central area, a few speci¬
mens with rather richer orange admixture. — vulcanica Trti (13 g) is a further form of same, described from
Sicily. It is completely sooty black-brown, markings obscure and without admixture of orange. In contrast
to same, specimens from further East towards central Asia become paler: — aureomixta Drt. (13 g). Ground
colour is much paler, almost whitish and owing to the interspersion of orange scales, it has a faintly yellowish
tone. Especially the central area is very pale, being almost pure white. In antemedian region and around
stigmata, as well as before the subterminal line, profuse golden yellow' scales. Ferghana, Semiretshje.

H. duercki Drt. (13 h) is one of the prettiest species of this group. It is marked very like the illustration
of the castriota form from the Caucasus, but is very striking by the salmon pink ground colour and interspersion
of orange scales, especially around stigmata and in a submedian sti‘eak in basal area. The antemedian area
is occupied by a wide grey-black band, the transverse lines being indistinctly visible in paler ground colour.
Orbicular stigma has a delicate black circumscription and dull grey centre. Renifonn stigma similarly. Clavi-
form stigma can be discerned as a small black circumscribed adjunct of the dark antemedian band. The post-
median is distinct, black, dentate. Marginal area also peppered with black having an indistinct pale subter¬
minal line. Hindwings yellow-grey, widely blackish at margin. Fringes of both wings ochreous. The $$ are
often heavily mottled with black: — funerea /. n. I have a jet-black specimen before me from Mr. Schwingen-
schltss. Captured at 2300 — 2700 m altitude in June in the High Atlas from Sidi Chamarouche to Tachdirt.

H. heringi Drt. (13 h). Resembles duercki and looks like a melanochrea that is suffused with salmon
pink. It is larger than the latter, ochreous rose, antemedian and marginal area admixed with black and grey-
blue. Similarly the inner marginal third of central area is shaded with grey-black. Orbicular stigma small
and round, renifonn stigma with dainty black circumscription, claviform stigma large and black in leaden grey
ground. The pale ochreous reddish central area extends beyond postmedian towards anal angle. Fringes
faintly checked with paler checks. Hindwings dark grey-brown, fringes grey-white with yellowish red base
line. Ferghana. On account of the extraordinary genitalia, this species is not closely related to any other.

H. lypra Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 18 e) is being illustrated afresh here (13 d), as the illustration in Main
Volume, was a copy from Hampson which was not successful. The shape of the genitalia induces one to classify
the species near to luteocineta. The type is a $, pale grey-yellow with darker discal area, black transverse lines
and a black longitudinal streak from claviform stigma to posterior transverse line. Stigmata pale without
darker centres and sharply outlined. Hindwings darker than forewings. It is doubtful whether the $ belongs
to lypra or represents a new species. It is larger, pale greyish white, similarly marked but with much larger
stigmata, reniform stigma with grey centre, claviform stigma especially large, dark grey with black circum¬
scription. Hindwings pale grey with central and subterminal lines.

H. staudingeri Wgnr. (13 h). This nice species is, according to the genitalia, closely related to melano¬
chroa, in spite of its very different appearance. It looks very like gueneei but is generally somewhat larger,
wings more elongate with more oblique margin and more protruding and sharply pointed forewings. Ground
colour is black-brown with white, somewhat mottled central area, that usually has a yellowish hue. Trans¬
verse and subterminal lines indistinct white. It differs further from gueneei by its predominantly black thorax.
Hindwings are purer white with darker marginal band. The illustration of armeriae in the Main Volume (pi. 18 h)
definitely figures a staudingeri. It is a copy of an illustration by Hampson of a specimen lent by Pungeler.
who had considered it to be a gueneei. Warren incorrectly held armeriae and gueneei to be synonymous. Asia
Minor (Akshehir), Syria, Taurus (Marash).

H. pfeifferi Drt. (13 h) closely resembles the preceding species, but is structurally very different. Wing
contour wider and bolder. Forewings of deeper black colouration, markings only just discernible. Basal area
with slight admixture of orange. Transverse lines simple, not double, central area pure white with large quadrate
orbicular stigma, elliptical at top with inner and outer black and orange circumscriptions. In contrast to the
preceding species the reniform stigma is on black ground and faintly dusted with orange. Subterminal line
indicated by a few white and orange scales. Fringes checked whitish. Hindwings almost pure white with black
marginal band. Antennae with shorter cilia and without a longer single bristle. Lebanon.

II. caesia Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 77, pi. 18 h). Besides the forms mentioned in Main Volume there are the
following: — ab. pecirkai JouJcl. an aberration scarcely worthy of denomination. It has no transverse lines
and subterminal line, is pale blue-grey with trapeziform whitish central area. Hindwings with wide dark brown
marginal band. Described from Gratz. — xanthophoba Sc haw. a white and grey-blue form, devoid of any trace

Publ. 14. III. 1934.

HARMODIA. By Dr. M. Drattbt.

] or,

of orange-yellow; from Vucijabara, but also occurring elsewhere. — maritima Trti. & Verity apparently closely
resembles xanthophoba and may even be identical; in this latter eventuality it would have right of priority.
Markings are bright with blue-grey and an almost pure white central area without any admixture of yellow,
the stigmata with wide white circumscriptions, also the anterior transverse line being pure white. Terrne (Val-
dieri). — abruzzensis /. n. (13 h) occurs in the southern Abruzzi (Pescocostanzo). This form is similar but much
paler and predominantly whitish with very pale blue-grey and without any orange. — nevadensis j.n. (13 it)
denotes the race from the Sierra Nevada which is strikingly small and of compact form. Markings very
distinct of very dark blue-grey and admixed with whitish with a few orange scales. — urumovi Dren. from
Bulgaria is probably a very similar race. Similarly small but however quite without the bluish grey coloura¬
tion, instead it is blackish with distinctly outlined markings. Hindwings are much paler and not yellowish,
abdomen dorsally grey, not yellowish. — atlantis /. n. (13 i) is a very fine form from the High Atlas Moun¬
tains; all the whitish patches are here of a beautiful rosy yellow interspersed with orange scales, in contrast
to which the pure blue ground colour is in pretty relief. — salmonea /. n. (13 i) which only appears to occur
in the ^ sex has a deep salmon rose colouration. — clara Stgr. (13 i) is illustrated from a specimen obtained
in the northern Lebanon (Becharre) and now in the Museum at Vienna.

H. hyrcana Drt. (= musculina Hmps. pro parte, nec Stgr.) (Vol. 3, p. 87, pi. 20 g) somewhat resembles
the form clara of the preceding species but it is smaller and more richly marked. Body and forewings pale
yellowish white sparsely speckled with black-grey, partially dusted with orange; subbasally there is a wide
blue-grey band, the transverse lines are black; in the pale central area a few orange scales, stigmata and cen¬
tral line faintly marked; marginal area grey-black with faint dentate subterminal line with a dark inner edge;
fringes checked with grey. Hindwings brownish grey with dark postmedian band and dark margin. The illus¬
tration from the Main Volume cited above is an unrecognisable copy from H amps on. We are giving a fresh
illustration here (13 i). Syria, Kurdistan, Persia.

H. albimacula Bkh. (Vol. 3, p. 77, pi. 18 g) is generally a very constant species which varies little.
Specimens from widely separated localities show little variation and no races are indicated. Only one aber¬
ration is described — ochrea Zweigelt, in which the white colouration is replaced by ochreous yellow.

H. nana Rott. (Vol. 3, p. 77, pi. 18 g). Transitions to the form ochrea appear to occur especially fre¬
quently in Austria. In these the white colouration occasionally has a yellowish tone. No other forms have
been described beyond those mentioned in the Main Volume.

H. cailinita sp. n. (13 1). A nice new species classified next to compta and having rich blue-grey ground
colour with whitish to ochreous reddish central area; in the antemedian area there is a wide reddish orange
streak below the cell; transverse lines double; the orbicular stigma white, quadrate, circumscribed by black,
elliptical above and below; reniform stigma with blue-grey centre, the cell between the stigmata is brown-
grey; central line dentate, anterior to same a large roundish brown claviform stigma. Postmedian area brown -
grey, only admixed with blue-grey at inner margin, with whitish subterminal line. Hindwings pale brownish
grey being widely darker at margin and with the customary pale patch at anal angle. Issyk-kul, Djarkent.

H. compta ScMff. (Vol. 3, p. 77, pi. 18 h) is much more variable than nana; specimens with a consi¬
derable admixture of ochreous yellow and even orange -yellow, especially in basal area and at the subterminal
line, are not of rare occurence, especially in Austria. The following aberrations have now been denominated:

defasciata Hannemann from a specimen without the white central band, only the orbicular stigma is filled
with white, from Erfurt. albicirscta Metschl having costa and inner margin edged with white in basal area,
from Regensburg. — grisescens Trti. is less black-brown and a more greyish form with admixture of blue-grey,
from the Apennines of Modena; it forms a transition to — galactina Trti. (13 k) from Sicily, which has the same
colouration but additionally has an extension of the white colour, the white middle band is expanded especially
at the inner margin and there is much more extensive white on the thorax and in the basal area of the fore¬
wings. Further the marginal area has many more white scales.

H. stenoptera Rbl. (13 i) slightly resembles the preceding species and through its deeper slate blue-
grey colouration forms a transition to armeriae. It is however strikingly different from both by the longer and
narrower formation of the wings and the materially longer abdomen. Central band is not pure white, but im¬
pure yellowish. Hindwings only faintly paler towards the base. Underside is a more impure white and anal
tuft is mixed with yellowish. From Angora.

H. armeriae Bsd. (Vol. 2, p. 77, pi. 18 h). The illustration, as already mentioned under staudingeri,
depicts that species and has nothing to do with armeriae. We are therefore illustrating the species here (13 i).
It is not much larger than compta and ground colouration is a peculiar blackish slate, central band is some¬
what mottled and a mealy white and in same are situate the large white stigmata. In the marginal area there
are traces of a subterminal line indicated by whitish patches. The thorax is almost completely white. The area
of distribution towards the East cannot as yet be definitely indicated. It appears to be distributed over the
larger part of western Asia commencing in Dalmatia. — adriana Schaw. has a peculiar paler dull slaty blue
ground colour of forewings and the white central band has a faint yellowish hue. From the coastland of Croatia

Supplementary Volume 3 14

mtirilima.

abruz-

zensis.

nevadensis.

urumovi.

atlantis.

salmonea.

clara.-

h yrcana.

albi¬

macula.

ochrea.

nana.

cailinita.

com jit a.

defasciata.

albicincta.

grisescens.

galactina.

stenoptera.

armeriae.

adriana.

HARMODIA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

stauderi.

piingeleri.

gueneei.

magnolii.

Ilavo-

fasciata.

tephroleuca.

asiafica.

reisseri.

schwingen-

schussi.

tephro-

chrysen.

putni la.

106

(Zengg). — stauderi Schaw. (13 i) is a still paler form of dull grey tone with considerably more whitish, but
with distinct sharply dentate transverse lines. — piingeleri Schciw. (13 k) denotes an albinotic, yellowish
specimen which is almost devoid of markings. These two latter forms also from Zengg (Croatia).

H. gueneei Stgr. (13 k) looks superficially like a very large armeriae and is closely related to same by
the very similar genital organs; gueneei has rather less extended wing contour, a rounder apex and a less oblique
margin than staudingeri although also very similar; the central band is wider than hi staudingeri and purer
white; altogether all the white marks are more extensive and more distinct. The thorax also is a purer white
and consequently distinguishable immediately in all cases of doubt from staudingeri . According to F. Wagner
there is only one genuine gueneei in the collection of Stag dtnger, which must therefore be taken as the type.
The two further specimens are armeriae. On the other hand in the Pgngeler collection in the Berlin Museum
under the denomination gueneei there is a staudingeri . This can be immediately discerned by the more extended
wings with oblique margin, the completely black thorax and the narrower yellowish central area. This pretty
and large species has hitherto been found from Dalmatia to Asia Minor (Akshehir; Taurus, Marash). The area
of distribution cannot be stated definitely as yet owing to the fact that this species is often mistaken for other
species.

D. magnolii Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 76, pi. 18 e). The illustrations are good. Specimens from Asia Minor as
well as from Algeria are more heavily scaled with blackish and therefore appear darker; the same is the case
with freshly emerged specimens in the Tyrol. — flavofasciata /. n. (13 d) is a nice form from Sicily with ante-
and postmedian bands a pale ochreous yellow; types in the collection of Dannehl, Munich.

H. tephroleuca Bsd. (= nigra Rdtz.) (Vol. 3, p. 77, pi. 18 f, g). The illustration was not satisfactory
being much too yellowish green. A better illustration from a specimen from the Tyrol is given here (13 k).
The illustration shows the original specimen of Boisduval obtained at Chamonix. Vorbrodt asserts that
freshly emerged specimens in the Bernese Oberland have a much more pale buff and light grey suffused ground
colour. The localities in Asia Minor mentioned in the Main Volume probably refer to the following species.

H. asiatica Wgnr. is very similar to the preceding species and was described as a race of same. However
the differences in the genitalia are too great and as the palpi are also considerably shorter than in tephroleuca
this cannot be merely a subspecies. It is fairly large and boldly built with darker blackish grey ground
colour. Further the markings are clear and distinct, black and white, especially posterior to the claviform
stigma with a sharply marked white spot. Fiinges of hindwings brownish to the extremity whilst in tephro¬
leuca they are white. Underside of hindwings writh distinct central spot and arched band. Described from
Akshehir and also occurring in Amasia. The specimens mentioned in the Main Volume as having been obtained
at Pontus and Ala-Tau probably belong here. - reisseri /. n. (13 k) is a smaller but otherwise very similar form
occurring in Spain and with identical genitalia ; ground colour somewhat less blackish, more inclined towards
olive brown, the black and white markings somewhat less contrasting, the white spot posterior to claviform
stigma is absent. From Sierra Nevada and Aragon.

H. schwingenschussi sp.n. (13 1). So far only one $ of this species has been captured. It is clearly very
close to tephroleuca, markings being almost identical, they seem however slightly brighter owing to the inter¬
mixture of blue-grey and yellow ish tones. The antemedian part of the inner margin and the subterminal area
are somewhat more bluish whilst the basal and discal areas are rather more yellowish. The orbicular stigma
and a quadrate cuneiform mark beyond same are very pale yellowish white. The same yellowish white shade
occurs posterior to the unusually large claviform stigma. The orbicular stigma is only punctiform with brownish
centre. The most characteristic mark is the sharply dentate oblique black central line. The postmedian line
does not recede so sharply below the cell, the anal space posterior to same is not nearly so pale whitish as in
tephroleuca, and scarcely paler than the ground colour. Subterminal line is of the same formation as in tephro¬
leuca and there is a long black sagittate mark anterior to same at anal angle. Hindwings much paler than in
tephroleuca in the basal area. Only one $ from Tachdirt in the High Atlas (Morocco) at an altitude of 2300 to
2700 m; type in the collection of Schwingenschuss .

H. tephrochrysea sp.n. (13k) differs from tephroleuca by the yellow somewhat reddish toned ground
colour which is more or less peppered with brown; the black subbasal streaks are slightly finer, the double
transverse stripes resemble those of tephroleuca', stigmata small, pale, and almost without centres, a pale yellow¬
ish spot occurs posterior to claviform stigma. Subterminal line golden yellow, small black triangles on margin.
Hindwings dark grey with striking yellowish white fringes and without any trace of a transverse line but with
the usual pale spot at anal angle. Semiretshje.

H. pumila Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 77, pi. 18 g). The illustration is a bad copy of a figure by Hampson. We
are giving a better reproduction here (131). This small species is very variable, the whitish ground colour is
peppered with brown and dusted varyingly with yellowish brown or reddish brown, occasionally blackish brown,
whilst some specimens are completely suffused with black. A dark oblique band in the cell area, between the
orbicular stigma and the antemedian line, is characteristic. It passes over the claviform stigma. There are
a few black sagittate marks anterior to subterminal line. This small species has wide wings and scarcely any
closer relationship with the other Dianthoecides .

HARMODIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

107

H. filipjevi sp. n. (13 1) is a small species that differs considerably from the preceding and possibly has fWpjeci.
a relationship with the subsequent species. Forewings pale yellowish white dusted with dull grey, most dense¬
ly so in the basal and central areas and before the subterminal line; the stigmata are pale and only the reni-
form stigma is slightly dusted with grey. The 2 dentate grey transverse lines are simple and with a pale edge
on averted sides (ground colour is not dusted). The subterminal line is similar, it is situated very close to the
margin, there are very faint rusty yellowish streaks along the cell and submedian fold; fringes are faintly
checked. Hindwings grey-brown, somewhat darker than forewings and with white fringes. Pamir (Chorog).

H. musculina Stgr. is not identical with the species mentioned by Warren in the Main Volume on musculina.
p. 87, pi. 20 g, which we have previously reclassified as hyrcana. Stand inger classified his musculina close
to caesia which certainly was incorrect. It is a small species, faintly ashy grey with dark black-grey discal
area, which is enclosed by faint transverse lines; basal area is slightly darker; the stigmata paler, orbicular
stigma inclined to be oval, reniform stigma with darker centre; marginal area faintly darker without a distinct
subterminal line; fringes pale impure yellowish with dark dividing line, in the outer half there are dusky checks.

Hindwings uniform grey-black with yelloxvish fringes, which are faintly divided by dark patches. Described
from Malatia. — mayeri Wgnr. (13 1) is possibly the same, but may be a local form with plain fringes; discal mayeH.
area is deeper black which however may be due to the freshness of the specimen that has recently been described.

The only known type of musculina is now nearly 50 years old; mayeri is described from Akshehir in Asia Minor.

It will only be possible to take a decision in regard to these 2 forms when fresh material is available.

H. luteago Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 70, pi. 16 b) cannot be separated from Harmodia if one takes the build luteago.
and biology into consideration. Already in 1919 Edelsten and Pierce have proved that luteago and barrettii
were 2 separate species. Recently Wightman and Rayward have checked this assertion with the same result
and finally Tams lias discovered from examination of the genitalia of andalusica that this latter species is
identical with barrettii. It is difficult to classify the dark luteago forms: argillacea can scarcely be separated
from barrettii. Generally one can say that the luteago forms are all more or less pronounced ochreous to orange
yellow and brown, whilst the andalusica forms have a more or less olive-grey or olive-brown colouration. -
nigricans Wgnr. is a striking form with heavy blackish shading and almost completely black hindwings; it is nigricans.
a local race from S. Dalmatia. - olbiena Hb.-G. on the other hand is a striking pale unicoloured form. Speci- olbiena.
mens from Algeria closely approach argillacea ; the pale yellowish colouration with wide brown central area
of “Y” shape, which is interrupted by the pale stigmata, is characteristic for specimens from the Lebanon.

H. andalusica Stgr. (13 b) is separable from luteago by the genitalia ( andalusica has a short hook with andalusica.
a wide base, luteago a long thin spine on penis) it is very difficult to describe the difference in words; andalusica
is generally inclined to olive-brown or olive-grey ground colour and if it is yellowish then it is a more buff-
yellow, whilst in the Spanish name type it is inclined to be glossy bronze. A further characteristic, which however
is not absolutely constant, is a black longitudinal streak along the under edge of the clavifonn stigma to the
postmedian line. This is absent in the great majority of luteago specimens although occasionally it does actually
occur. — gedrensis Schaw. is an especially dark form from the E. Pyrenees which however has a bright admix- gedrensis.
ture of yellowish tones forming a nice contrast. — dignensis Turner from Digne is inclined to be a dull orange dignensis.
colour on forewings which is heavily suffused with grey, both stigmata are reddish yellow, the " Y ’ ' shape mark
in central area is dark brown with a similar triangular patch between the stigmata. - pallida Zerny is a dull 'pallida.
yellowish grey-brown form with indistinct markings from Albarracin. — subsp. barrettii Dbld. is an english barrettii.
island form of which a number have been kindly sent to me by Mr. Wightman. It is extraordinarily variable
and differs chiefly from mainland forms by the increased interspersion of whitish scales: consequently the
glossy bronze colour of the latter is not so apparent. — ficklitli Tuft is a form from Cornwall which has a ficklini.
greater suffusion of olive or bluish grey shades, whilst lowei Tutt is more ochreous yellowish reminding one lowci.
somewhat of E . ochroleuca . From Guernsey. Specimens however also occur which are a deeper blackish or
with and without the pale cuneiform mark. The size varies considerably. Accoi'ding to Wightman' s investi¬
gations andalusica also occurs in Amasia! The larvae live in the root of Silene maritima, but probably also
in inf lata and Spergularia rupestris.

H. literata F. d. W. (Vol. 3, p. 70, pi. 16 a) is a genuine species closely related to luteago but larger than Uterata.
same. The illustration shows too much contrast in the colour, it should be a more monotonous buff-yellow
olive-grey, the wing contour should be slightly more elongated, the apex more protracted.

H. zerny sp. n. (13 b) is relatively close to literata. It is of the same size but with wider wings and less zerny i.
protracted apex, resembling somewhat the illustration of suffusa (Vol. 3, pi. 16 b). The genitalia are also very
similar but distinctly different. Forewings with whitish ground densely peppered with brown and marked
as in literata ; transverse lines are distinctly double, from the subbasal 2 distinct parallel black streaks below
the mediana, the cell and the large claviform stigma filled with dark black-brown; orbicular stigma and the
very large pale cuneiform mark below same are almost whitish, reniform stigma very wide, quadrate, both

108

APLECTA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

scotaea.

tiefi.

match ani.

heterogyna.

thompsoni.

plumbosa.

enodata.

vesperugo.

stigmata elliptical above and below; subterminal area paler brown, the anal space posterior to the postmedian
line, which is intertilled with white, is palest; the marginal area behind the irregular subterminal line is dusky
grey-brown; it is separated from the pale fringe base line by a regular undulate black marginal line. Hind-
wings pale grey -brown narrowly dusky at margin, darker in $. At Tachdirt in the High Atlas (Morocco), at
an altitude of 2300 — 2700 m, captured in July by Schwingenschuss and Zerny. Type in the collection of

SCHWINGENSCHUSS.

8. Genus: Aplecta Guen.

A. advena Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 78, pi. 19 a). - scotaea Pglr. i. 1. ? is a very remarkable, large dusky aber¬
ration which is quite grey -black ; in consequence of the dense dark suffusion the markings are scarcely discern¬
ible. Zermatt.

A. tiefi Pglr. (14 i). This nice species is close to advena, it is larger and with wider wings, the colouration
is inclined to be blackish grey, the markings are quite similar to the preceding species. The large renifonn
stigma is rather whiter on the outer edge, the claviform stigma is larger with distinct black circumscription,
the subterminal line has not such a dark inner edge. Hindwings with bolder discal spot, more distinct arched
line and darker fringes. Antennae without short cilia but with short stiff pectinations. Sajan Mountains; Lake
Baikal (Kultuk); Malchan Mountains.

A. malchani sp. n. (14 i) is fairly close to tiefi, but has considerably coarser black scaling so that the
markings are much less distinct. Only the posterior undulate dentate transverse line is more distinct than in
tiefi , under the costa this has a whitish outer edge; orbicular stigma is small and round scarcely paler than the
ground colour and with black surround; renifonn stigma is also smaller than in tiefi, it is more angulated and
at lower edge scarcely traverses the lower angle of cell, whilst in tiefi this is the case; it has a white surround
and in the middle of the grey -black centre there is a further whitish streak. Claviform stigma small; sub -
terminal line blackish with paler outer edge. The uniformly grey-brown hindwings are very characteristic,
besides a discal crescent, there are 2 dark grey-brown shaded bands in postmedian and subterminal areas. There
is a grey-brown marginal line before the fringes which are pale brownish grey with dark dividing line. Antennae
of A have shorter pectinations than in tiefi, they end more abruptly and are denser so that the space between
2 pectinations is at the most half as wide as the single pectination ; in tiefi they are much more widely separ¬
ated, so that the interval is double as wide as the single pectination. S.W. Transbaikal (Malchan Mountains).
Described from 2 <$<$ from types in the collection of Bang-Ha as.

A. heterogyna O. B.-H . is classified by the author after tincta although this species makes a very dif¬
ferent impression. Forewings brownish white heavily dusted with white behind the reniform stigma; orbicular
and claviform stigmata only indicated by faint lines, reniform stigma with white centre, the transverse lines
only faintly indicated; a sharply marked dark brown subterminal line is very striking, it proceeds in a faintly
concave arc towards the margin from below apex to the anal angle, outlining the brown marginal area. In
the latter and immediately before the margin there is a fine white dentate line. Hindwings yellowish. The
illustration indicates a further shaded darker subterminal line as also a discal spot and central line. Collar
and anal tuft pale yellow. If, as the author indicates, the tibiae actually have spurs, this may be an Agrotidae.
There however only the Genus Ala has hairy eyes and therefore is certainly not related to the present species.
Wing expanse: 43 mm. S. Ussuri, Sutshansk.

A. nebulosa Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 78, pi. 19 c, d). — ab. thompsoni Arkle (14 i) from the Delamere Forest
in Cheshire has glossy deep black forewings with striking white fringes and minute white streaks subterminally
on the costa. To what degree this form is identical with robsoni Collins or — plumbosa Mansbridge, remains
to be carefully elucidated. The latter is also a blackish english form.

A. enodata A. B.-H. has great similarity with nebulosa and the arrangement of the markings and colour¬
ation of the wings are more or less identical. Forewings are somewhat narrower, transverse lines less prominent,
the 3 stigmata are irregularly outlined with black and are smaller; colouration is less admixed with black, the
small black sagittate marks at the subterminal line are more distinct on the costa, the black anal streak is
more boldly black, the fringes are more pointedly scalloped. The dark marginal band on hindwings is narrower,
the basal area paler. Wing expanse: 45 — 50 mm. From Karagai-tao.

A. vesperugo Ev. was omitted from the Main Volume. The types are represented bv 2 worn from
Irkutsk. Filip jev describes the species from a fresh pair captured at Dseja (Jakutsk), on 30th June and lltli
July. His description reads: head, antennae, palpi and thorax grey; £ antennae bipectinated, dentations not
as long as the width of the shaft with dense cilia, $ antennae filiform. Abdomen grey with paler interspersions,
the 3 first segments with black tufts; legs grey scarcely ringed. Forewings uniformly blue-grey with indistinct
transverse lines, the anterior line commences in the first third of the costa and is heavily dentated. The posterior
line is distinctly double, undulate, parallel to the margin; reniform stigma very large distinctly prominent with

PACHETRA; HADENA; THOLERA; THARGELIA. By Dr. M. Dbaudt.

white outer edge and sharply outlined by black, slightly constricted in centre; orbicular stigma half as large
and less prominent; claviform stigma very distinct short and wide, heavily outlined by black. Hindwings
monotonous grey, faintly shaded with brownish, diseal spot and postmedian line appearing through from under¬
side. Wing expanse: 48 and 54 mm.

A. vespertilio sp. n. (14 i) seems to me to be very close to the preceding species. A large, wide winged vesperlilAo
species, thorax and forewings dove-grey with blackish interspersions ; anterior transverse line only visible in
traces, similarly the orbicular stigma, which is scarcely apparent; reniform stigma is large, incurved outwardly
and with white circumscription being elongated at lower edge in a pomt on the mediana to the orbicular stigma,
where it is sharply outlined by black; claviform stigma unusually large, a shade paler than the ground colour
and circumscribed by black; the posterior transverse line is almost absent, instead of the subterminal line there
are a few blackish sagittate marks; on the margin in the interstices between the veins are black triangles; the
grey fringes are intersected somewhat paler at termination of veins. Hindwings pale brownish grey with 2
darker shaded lines posterior to the discal spot and quite similar to those of malchani. Irkutsk, Tunkinski
Mountains. There are 7 in the collection of 0. Bang-Haas.

9. Genus: l*aclietra Guen.

P. fulminea F . (Vol. 3, p. 79, pi. 19 e, f). A very large number of colour variations and forms have
been described : - brurmea Rbl. has almost unicolourous brown forewings, generally with orbicular and reni- brunnea.

form stigmata with white surrounds. - diluta Rbl. is much paler than type form with grey -white forewings and diluta.
indistinct dark markings, only the claviform stigmata is dark, generally also the marginal area posterior to
subterminal line. — quadriniaculata Kujau has a large quadrate deep black mark below the 2 stigmata in quadri-
the generally paler ground colour. — melaena Hartwg. is a melanic, almost completely black suffused aber-
ration in which the white or paler markings on forewings are absent, also the 6 stigmata are suffused by shade
and are only discernible through their deeper black circumscriptions. Captured near Brunswick. — conjunct?, conjuncia.
Hirschke shows the orbicular and reniform stigmata conjoined by a white streak along the mediana. - hilaris hilaris.
Wrli. has the subterminal line and the “W” widely and prominently marked by white, claviform stigma in¬
distinct, reniform and orbicular stigmata with wide white surrounds. Also the basal transverse line is inter-
filled with white and the sagittate marks are indistinct and reduced. Thurgovia. The sharply white marked
- bombycina Ev. has meanwhile been discovered by F. Wagner also in Asia Minor. — ab. nigra Wgnr. is a nigra.
monotonous dark blackish slate-grey form of this race. — britannica Turner is a very pale race, the white being britannica
predominant so that the darker and pale tones form a sharper contrast. Especially the veins are prominently
white. England. A further race — syriensis Strd. is described, with white hindwings and only the veins are syriensis.
brown. From Syria.

10. Genus: Hadena Schrk.

H. texturata Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 79, pi. 19 g). As synonyms to this species we have to add: — kitti Schaw. texturata.
This interesting species is now also known from Hungary, Austria (from around Linz; Ennstal and S. Tyrol)
and from the Engadine. It therefore also belongs to the european fauna.

11. Genus: Tliolera Hbn.

Th. popularis F. (Vol. 3, p. 80, pi. 19 h). — subsp. nervosa Zerny is smaller than the usual central nervosa.
european specimens, it has fine white markings which contrast distinctly, all veins are prominently white,
also the subterminal line which is more heavily dentate. The large orbicular stigma fills out the entire width
of the cell, the claviform stigma is shorter. Hindwings with distinct white veins in the darker marginal area.

Aragon und Portugal. Specimens from the southern Abruzzi form a transition to same.

Th. cespitis F. (Vol. 3, p. 80, pi. 19 h). — carboniosa Trti. is a deeply black-brown race, the velvety carboniosa
black transverse lines stand out from the dusky ground colour of forewings and only the subterminal line and
surrounds to the stigmata are finely yellowish white. From the Monte-Rosa territory (Macugnaga). Specimens
from the southern Abruzzi are similarly dusky but have rather more yellowish white markings. desyllesi desyllesi.
Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 185) is, according to an examination of the types, the pale reddish brown form of cespitis and
therefore the name replaces ferruginea Hofn. (not Hofm.) which becomes synonymous and to which also — decolor
Sohn should be added as a further synonym. The name has nothing to do with dumeriliil (14 i) .

12. Genus: Tliargelia Pglr.

Th. gigantea Rbl. (14 k). A large species described from the Sinai Peninsular and also before me from gigantea.
Egypt. It is very similar to Odontelia megastigma-, a large species with relatively narrow wings. Forewings
marked with pale grey on very pale whitish yellow ground; a long fine black basal streak extends into the

ODONTELIA — ONYCHESTRA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

110

elongate claviform stigma ; only the finely black outer edge of the very elongated orbicular stigma is visible,
the upper half of the reniform stigma is not discernible, just the lower half can be discerned on veins 3 and
4 in 2 long lobes which have darker grey edges; between the finely black veins elongated grey sagittate marks
proceed from the margin. Hindwings whitish.

sitiens. Th. sitiens Pglr. (14 k) is a smaller species that looks almost exactly like Odont. margiana but the an¬

tennae have longer pectinations and anatomically it belonges to Thargelia on account of the stunted proboscis
and the absence of the spurs on the fore tibiae. Forewings ashy grey with whitish and partially somewhat
brownish admixture. There are no transverse lines and only the whitish reniform stigma with its dark surround
is distinct, whilst the claviform stigma is faintly indicated. In the marginal area there are dark sagittate marks
in the interstices. Fringes grey, faintly checked. Hindwings whitish, sparsely dusted with grey and somewhat
darkened at margin. Syr-Daria, captured in September.

margiana.

icterias.

13. Genus : Odontelia Hmps.

0. margiana Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 80). We are giving an illustration of a specimen in the Pungeler collec¬
tion (14 k).

14. Genus: Hypobarathra Hmps.

H. icterias Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 81. pi. 20 b). The old illustration was very unsatisfactory and we are replacing
same by a better illustration (14 k) of a specimen from Sutshansk (Ussuri).

15. Genus: Conisaiiia Hmps.

pomerana. C. leineri Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 81, pi. 21 a). — pomerana Schulz also occurs as far as the coast of Samland

in E. Prussia. The illustration was poor, we are giving a good illustration of a nice form (14 k) and also of the
pain. 2 other forms bovina and furcata (14 1). — subsp. polli Stertz (14 1) varies to such a degree, that possibly it is
a separate genuine species; the ground colour is frequently a greyish inclining towards olive, markings are
much more precisely distinct, both transverse lines prominent, 3 to 4 black sagittate marks before the sub-
terminal line. Hindwings somewhat paler dusky grey than forewings, with pale fringes. Ground colour of the
larva is a brighter green than that of lemeri, it also feeds on Artemisia. From Vintshgovia. It should be men¬
tioned here that it was not the late Mr. Poll that discovered this insect but the keen collector Astfaller in
Merano, who gave the first specimens he found to Poll who passed them on as if he himself had obtained them.

rcnaii. C. renati Oblh. (Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 20 d). As has meanwhile been ascertained this species belongs anato¬

mically to the Conisanici and should be classified nearest to leineri. Meanwhile this rare species has been found
to be more widely distribueted than at first assumed. It has now been frequently discovered in the Alpes Mari-
times, southwards to Albarracin. We are giving a fresh illustration (14 1).

ostro- C. ostrogovichi Drt. (14 1) is also to be classified in the group of leineri. Forewings pale grey -yellow,

govtcln. thorax rather more grey. Forewings with simple black transverse lines, the anterior one forming 3 arcs, the
posterior one sharply dentate; orbicular stigma small, round, pale and with black surround, reniform stigma
large, whitish, with heavy black circumscription, the lower lobes of both pure white and protracted inwardly
and outwardly; from the inner angle a central shade extends to the inner margin. Sub terminal line somewhat
paler, dentate, and anteriorly to same obsolete sagittate marks. Hindwings brownish, darker than forewings,
duskier on margin, inner margin and fringes whitish. From Rumania (Cluj). According to Filip jev it also
occurs at Dagestan (Ciscaucasia) and specimens are to be found in the Leningrad Museum. He states further
that according to the genitalia it is identical with leineri.

16. Genus : Saragossa Stgr.

seeboldi. S. seeboldi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 81). We are glad to be able to illustrate this interesting species from a

arabum. typical Spanish specimen (14 1). arabuni Culot is the N. African race, it is rather darker olive-brown in ground
colour so that the markings stand out more prominently white. Markings however are somewhat constricted
and hindwings are not such a pure white but have a faint yellowish tone.

17. Genus: Oiiycliestra Hmps.

siccanorum. 0. siccaiioruni Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 82. pi. 19 g). The illustration is unsatisfactory and is replaced by a

better one (15 a).

bergi. 0. bergi Kusnezow. Similar to siccanorum ; body and forewings ochreous grey admixed with brown;

both transverse lines are double with pale interfilling, the posterior one indistinct with 2 to 3 sharp curves at
lower extremity. Orbicular stigma pale with brown centre; reniform stigma large with sharp black lower edge
and somewhat brownish centre; the wide claviform stigma is indistinct. The delicate subterminal line extends
parallel to the margin and is ochreous white with a pale spot at apex; fringes grey. Hindwings whitish grey

PRONOTESTRA; AGLOSSESTRA; EPIA; CARDEPIA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

1 1 1

with dark veins, subterminal shade and white fringes. Length of forewings: 15 mm. From the desert around
the Lake Aral.

18. Genus: I*ronotestra limps.

The name of this Genus was misprinted in the Main Volume as “ Protonestra" , which is rectified here.

P. silenides Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 82, pi. 20 c). The illustration is not recognisable and a better figure is given silenides.
here (13 d). — pallid ior Strd. (= Hmps. ab. 1) is a paler form which occurs everywhere among the type form, pallidior.

19. Genus: Aglossestrsi Hmps.

A. mariae-ludovicae D. Luc. (15 a). Forewings quite pale reddish brown sparsely bestrewn with brown, mariae-
with dentate blackish transverse lines that have wide whitish edges on averted sides. Orbicular stigma large, ladomme.
pale with black surround; reniform stigma of same colour as the ground with white inner edge and with grey
centre in lower half; claviform stigma large, dull blackish. Subterminal line white, sharply dentate, with inner
dark shade and dull sagittate marks anteriorly. Fringes faintly checked. Hindwings white with greater or less
slight grey suffusion and darker marginal band that is sometimes only visible subterminally. Algeria.

20. Genus: ICpia Him.

E. picturata Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 82, pi. 20 c). The species extends westwards as far as the Urals. The pidurata.
illustration was not satisfactory and is replaced by a better one (15 a).

E. irregularis Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 82, pi. 21 a). The illustration of this pretty species is much too dark irregularis
and consequently unrecognisable. It is replaced by a better illustration here (15 a). — hellwegeri Schaw. differs hellwegeri.
from the type in that the whitish stigmata are as yellow' brown as the ground colour. Described from Waidbruck.

E. aberrans Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 82, pi. 20 c). The description was not quite correct, only the area between aberrans.
the anterior transverse line and the subterminal line is rather more suffused with brown, basal and marginal
areas are yellow-white like the thorax.

E. nisus Germ. (Vol. 3, p. 82, pi. 21 a) is being again illustrated more satisfactorily here (13 c), the illus- nisns.
tration in the Main Volume would not enable one to differentiate the species from II . lepida. — sancta Stgr.
should be deleted here. It is a form of H . silenes (vide p. 102).

E. nieildax Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 82, pi. 20 c) is not recognisable from the illustration. A fresh figure is given mendax.
here (15 a).

E. mendica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 82, pi. 20 c). The illustration is also not satisfactory, a fresh figure of the mendica.
species is given of a specimen from Marash (15 a).

E. renati Obtlu. (Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 20 d) should be removed from here as it belongs in the Genus Conisania
(vide p. 110).

E. silenes Him. (Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 20 d) should also be removed from here and classified with Harmodia
(vide p. 102).

E. christophi Mschlr. (Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 20 d) is a genuine Epia which has no connection with corrupta christophi.
Herz (vide under Harmodia p. 102). The illustration in the Main Volume was not satisfactory and we are giving
a fresh illustration of this species here (13 c).

21. Genus: Card epia Hmps.

C. afra Baker (Vol. 3, p. 83). We are able to give an illustration of this little known species from a aim.
perfect specimen from Egypt in the collection of Andres (15 a). Possibly it should not be classified in the
Genus Cardepia as it would appear to be more suitably placed under Scotogramma, but in no case should it
be connected with stigmosa. It is easily distinguishable by the curiously coloured hindwings.

C. irrisor Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 21 b). We have to mention the form from the high plateaux of Algeria
— subsp. mauretarsica Rothsch. (15 b) which has rather shorter and more rounded forewings with browner or maure-
more reddish ground colour with less whitish intermixture, markings of forewings are less distinct and hind- tamca-
wings are much less white, deserticola should be deleted as a form.

C. deserticola Hmps. (= affinis Rothsch.) (Vol. 3, p. 83) (15 b) is a genuine species and not a form of deserticola
irrisor. It is certainly exceedingly similar to the preceding species but can be differentiated by the shape of
the projecting process on the frons; irrisor has a round flat process without a turned over edge, whilst deser-

112

TRICHOCLEA; MANOBIA; LASIANOBIA; LASIESTRA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

egena.

arida.

nmydra.

socialrilis.

demotica.

sacha -
linen sis.

(/risen.

lauia.

Icvicvla.

dnvrcnsis.

slcrcolypa.

persa.

exlril a.

ticola has a reniform stunted process on frons that is excised below and that projects more prominently having
a turned over edge. It is widely distributed from Syria to Algeria and occurs from March to May.

22. Genus: Triclioelea Grt.

T. albicolon Sepp. (Vol. 3. p. 83, pi. 21 b). — egena Led. as well as the following: — arida Led. should
probably be removed and considered genuine species. We a;re illustrating both (15 b); egena is distributed
fairly widely westwards and occurs already at Sarepta in the Caucasus and Taurus, in the Steppes of Edrgisen
and as far as Djarkent.

T . simplex Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 84, pi. 21 d).

T. amydra Pglr. (15 b) should be removed from the list of synonyms and classified as a genuine species.
It is more daintily built, much paler, with smoother scales and more delicate and diffuse markings.

T. sociabilis Grasl. (Vol. 3, p. 84, pi. 20 d) is not recognisable from the illustration in Main Volume.
On plate 15 b we are giving a good illustration of this rare insect.

T. demotica Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 84, pi. 20 d). Just as the previous species, this one also is not recognisable
from the illustration in Main Volume. This is rectified by a fresh figure here (15 c).

23. Genus: Manobia Stgr.

M. sachalinensis Mats, is closely related to xena, but is smaller and has a darker grey ground colour
with brown markings ; the subbasal line is distinct, the anterior transverse line is wide and intersected and sub¬
divided into 4 spots by the paler veins; the large pale stigmata are situate in the brown central area as in
xena-, subterminal line blackish brown, undulate with pale outer edge and posterior to same, the margin is
narrowly blackish brown. Fringes are grey with dark central line. Hindwings dark grey, paler at base, the
dark fringes have white terminations. Wing expanse: 31 — 33 mm. Saghalin. Only $$ are known.

M. grisea Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 84, pi. 20 e). Besides being found in Japan this is now also said to occur in
S. Saghalin.

24. Genus: T^asiaiiobia Pimps.

L. lauta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 84). We are illustrating a specimen ex the collection of Pungeler (15 c).

L. levicula Pglr. (15 c) is so close to decreta that it may be a local form of same, but it is decidedly
paler and with more monotonous colouration. Eorewings pale brownish with faint markings and short black
basal streak. Transverse lines are indistinct, the inner one is undulate forming a sharp angle towards the base
on the mediana, the subterminal line is not discernible. Orbicular stigma is large, circular, extending in 2 points
at lower edge, thus forming a spot. Reniform stigma is also large and similarly is extended to a two-pointed
spot at the lower edge. Claviform stigma is absent. Hindwings pale grey-brown with blackish marginal line
and pale fringes. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Lob-nor.

25. Genus: H^asiestra Pimps.

L. dovrensis WocPe (Vol. 3, p. 85, pi. 21 c). fumida Graes . , which had been described as an Anar fa, is
a synonym. It is also known to occur in Lapland and is distributed eastwards as far as Sajan, Irkutsk.

L. stereotypa Kozh. should be classified after montana Leech (Vol. 3, p. 84, pi. 20 e) and belongs in the
same group. Body and forewings dark yellow-grey, the latter with indistinct black markings; stigmata very
indistinct and only the reniform stigma has a narrow pale edge, claviform stigma is absent. Transverse lines
are double, but very indistinct. A narrow black central shade in the middle, which in its upper part adumbrates
the inner part of the reniform stigma. The pale yellow-white marginal line is distinct. The subterminal line
is scarcely undulate and only relatively distinct in the $. Hindwings yellow-grey with darker marginal band.
This dusky faintly marked species reminds one most of dark specimens of Scot-, trifolii. Wing expanse: 34 — 36 mm.
Minussinsk, steppes of Kalish occurring in June.

L. persa Alpln. (Vol. 3, p. 85, pi. 20 e). The illustration is unrecognisable. We are giving a fresh figure
(15 c) of a specimen in the Pungeler collection.

Pi. meraca Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 85, pi. 21 c). For this species the following name should be used on the
grounds of priority: extrita Stgr. The illustration on pi. 34 d is a poor one, that on pi. 21 c is rather better.
The species is not a Cucullianae.

Publ. 11. III. 1931.

LASIONYCTA; HADULA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

113

26. Genus: Lasionycta Auriv.

L. hospita A.B.-H. (= ardua Filipjev) (15 c). Forewings grey-black with interspersions of whitish hospi.ia.
hairs and scales. The slightly dentate transverse lines blackish, not very pronounced, the discal area between
them only somewhat darker. A black longitudinal streak on the submedian nervure more or less distinctly
conjoins the two lines. Frequently the space below same to the inner margin is somewhat heavily darkened,
Subterminal line faintly indicated by a row of dots. Stigmata can only just be discerned. Fringes with blackish
checks. Hindwings grey-white with faintly darker wide marginal band, discal spot and central line posterior
to same. Sajan territory.

27. Genus: f iiuiiiht Stgr.

H. tancrei Graes. (Voh 3, p. 36, pi. 21 d). The illustration was much too dark grey-brown, the species
is much more whitish. We are able to give a good illustration of — graeseri Pglr. (15 c). graeseri .

H. nefasta Pglr. (15 d) most resembles turpis, but it has less acutely pointed, more brownish and dis- nefasla.
t-inctly marked forewings. Markings are pale buff and grey-black. The inner transverse line is almost vertical,
the outer one extends first sharply outwards, but from reniform stigma it proceeds almost parallel to outer
margin down to the inner margin. The brownish white stigmata are large, orbicular round, reniform with dark
circumscription. The pale subterminal line has an inner blackish edge. Hindwings grey-black with dark central
band. Posterior to same the wing is paler and fringes are light. Lob-nor.

H. sabuloruni Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 86, pi. 21 e). The illustration is much too grey-brown and markings sabulorum.
too varied. A better reproduction is made here (15 d). — distincta Stgr. A good illustration is being given distincta.
(15 d). - expressa ( 0 . B.-H. i. 1.) n. f. (15 d) is a much paler, somewhat smaller and more distinctly marked expressci.
form from the Karagai-tao (central Asia).

H. orbona A.B.-H. (15 d) is classified by the author after sabulorum. Forewings whitish ochreous orbo'na.
yellow with rusty brown mottlings and admixture. Markings rusty brown. Inner transverse line punctiform,
the outer one sharply dentate with pale outer edge. Between same, an irregular red-brown central shade. Stig¬
mata practically indiscernible, also subterminal line practically invisible. Hindwings paler than forewings.
Karagai-tao.

H. contempta Pglr. (15 e). Forewings grey-white with brownish tinge. Blackish double subbasal. contempia.
Anterior transverse line double, the posterior is simple with white outer edge. Stigmata with dark surrounds, the
large reniform whitish at lower outer angle. The whitish subterminal line is sharply dentate with darker inner
edge, generally it is dissolved into separate small spots. The dark marginal line expands at extremities of veins.

Fringes yellow-grey with darker dividing line and checked tips. Hindwings darker grey than forewings with
whitish fringes and pale streaked inner marginal area. In the $ the subterminal line is more complete. E.

Turkestan, Aksu.

H. stoliczkana Moore (15 e) was omitted from Main Volume. It is sleeker than sabulorum, with oblique stoliczkana.
outer margin to forewings, darker grey-brown, more smoothly scaled and somewhat less distinctly marked.

Both transverse lines are practically extinct. Subterminal line is somewhat more undulate and more clearly
visible than in sabulorum. Hindwings darker grey-brown. East Turkestan (Chamil Hami).

H. zetina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 177) (15 e) is neither a form of zeta , nor is it a Crymodes, but should be inserted zetina.
here after insolita. Forewings are more elongate and narrower with more oblique outer margin, dusted with
yellowish grey-brown. The very straight subterminal line is characteristic; it consists of fine dentiform marks
with pale yellowish outer edges. Other markings as in insolita. Hindwings however darker than same, fringes
inclined to whitish only outwardly, not nearly such a pure white as in insolita. Aksu, Altyn-Tag. As a synonym
we must mention impia Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 86, pi. 20 f) which should therefore be deleted as a separate species.

H. griseola Rothsch. (15 e) is a remarkable species, that resembles a Thargelia. It is very large, with griseola.
narrow wings, yellowish white ground colour and grey and delicate black markings, veins finely black. Basal
streak and the 3 stigmata as in Tlx. gigantea. Posterior to cell there is a pale oblique streak to margin below
apex. In place of subterminal line there are blackish sagittate streaks, that extend to margin in paler grey.

Hindwings white with veins outlined in brownish grey. — ab. rosacea Rothsch. is a reddish suffused form, rosacea.
Algeria, occurring in February and March. (S. Biskra, Mraier, Ouargla, El Golea, Touggurt).

H. pulverata A.B.-H. (= cinnamomeogrisea Rothsch.) (15c) somewhat resembles sabulorum. Fore- pulverata.
wings grey-white with yellowish admixture, finely mottled with black, transverse lines faint. The small orbi¬
cular stigma is white, as also is the reniform which has blackish striations in centre. Claviform stigma has a
distinct black circumscription. The subterminal line consists of whitish spots and is irregular with very in¬
distinct “W". On margin there are small black lunules; fringes whitish. Hindwings somewhat paler with
grey-black, narrow, straight marginal band and blackish discal spot. Tunisia and Algeria.

Supplementary Volume 3 15

114

HYSSIA; ERIOPY CODES; XYLOMANIA; PERI GRAPH A. By Dr. M. Dratidt.

29. Genus: Hyssia Guen.

H. cavernosa Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 87, pi. 21 f). The illustration was poor, a better one is given here (15 f).
dilutior. — ab. dilutior Schwing. has forewings completely suffused with silvery grey.

H . musculina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 87, pi. 20 g) should be removed from here. Vide Harmodia hyrcana Drt.
and musculina Stgr. p. 105 and 106.

30. Genus: Kriopygodes Hmps.

immacu- E. imbecilla F. (Vol. 3, p. 87, pi. 21 g). — ab. immaculata Schaw. described from the Seiseralp. Stig-

luta. mata of forewings extinct. — rufa Hoffm. d> Klos a red-brown form. - obscura Hoffm. <b Klos is a dark brown
obscura f°rm> median shade obsolete; described from Stvria. - pallerns Lenz is a very pale yellow-grev form of A- -

p aliens . fasciata Lenz denotes specimens of both sexes that have very dark median and marginal areas.
fas data.

32. Genus: Xyloiaianla Hmps.

grisea. V. conspicillaris L. (Vol. 3, p. 88, pi. 21 g). — grisea Trautm. is a uniformly ashy grey form. — volandi

volandi. Philipps is probably the same, perhaps somewhat paler, when it might be termed albinic. Forewings pale grey
without white or black markings; on the other hand on hindwings the veins are more prominent and the discal
anaiolica. spot also is deeper black than in type form. — anatolica M . Hering is an almost plain pure grey race, without
brownish tinge or distinct markings. Thorax with dark grey hairs. From Angora.

33. Genus: I*erigraplia Led.

P. circumducta Led. (Vol. 3, p. 89, pi. 21 li). Specimens from E. Turkestan and also from the Amur
pallescens. are entitled to the name: pallescens f.n. (15 f). Here the median area is quite pale olive brownish, basal

area, markings of stigmata and marginal area are sometimes almost yellow- white. Type in the collection of
irkuta. Pungeler in the Museum of Berlin. We are illustrating one of these specimens. — irkuta f. n. (18 g) has wider
wings; basal and marginal areas, as well as the very large stigmata are pale sandy brown. The median area
between same is exceedingly deep black-brown with a chestnut brown sheen. Thorax similarly pale sandy
brownish. From Irkutsk, Sajan.

duklana. P. duktana sp.n. (18 g) is a small species with very elongate wings. Apex of forewings much more

protracted. Thorax, basal and inner marginal part of median area bluish ashy grey. The rest of median area
is pale reddish brown. Stigmata also the same shape as those of circumducta and the entire marginal area is
pale sandy buff. Stigmata are contingent and very narrowly circumscribed by black. Subbasally 2 oblique
black streaks below the mediana. Both transverse lines indistinct, double, faintly intertilled with paler shade.
Sub terminal line very faint and merely indicated by a few sparse black scales, shaded inwardly below costa
with black -brown. On the margin a delicate dark undulate line. Fringes sandy brownish. Hindwings grey-
brown with whitish fringes. From a $ from Duktan (Sarafshan); Type in the collection of Bang -Haas.

brunnea. P • i-cinctum Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 89, pi. 21 i). — ab. brunnea Schwing. a richer chocolate brown colour -

vallida. ation. — ab. pallida Schwing. especially pale grey specimens. In unimaculata Schwing. the black spot between
uni- the stigmata is absent except for 1 or 2 black dots, so that a large grey patch with black edge, is created. -
•entraJasia'e centralasiae Bartel is much smaller, more reddish in tone, markings richer, brighter and of greater contrast,
especially in subterminal and marginal areas. Askhabad. An illustration of the form is given (15 f ) .

lionei. P. hbiiei Pglr. sugitanii Mats.) (15 f) somewhat resembles circumducta but is larger, with more

elongate extended wings. A deep triangular black spot with fine yellow-white upper edge below the mediana
in basal area. Stigmata very like those of circumducta, but browner and only slightly enwidened below the
mediana. The upper end of the reniform stigma is extended upwards and outwards. The posterior transverse
line is quite extinct, so that the brown median area is not so sharply outlined outwardly. Subterminal line is
a very fine, yellow-white line and there are didl brown dots before same below costa, in centre and at anal
angle. Hindwings dark grey-brown. Japan, Saghalin, Ussuri (Sutshansk).

dlissa. P. cilissa Pglr. (15 f) varies considerably. Forewings blue-grey, about as in Antitype dubia. Stigmata

very large, orbicular stigma with a round dot below as in i-cinctum , but it is not contingent to the reniform
stigma and is paler grey with a tinge of yellowish. Subterminal area is similar, subterminal line with small dark
grey, triangular streak-like marks in upper half. Hindwings grey-brown with whitish fringes and faintly indic¬
ated central line. From the Cilicisian Taurus. Also occurring in Asia Minor (Akshehir).

PEUCEPHILA; MONIMA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

115

33a. Genus: Peucephila Hmps.

Proboscis developed, palpi obliquely porrect with longer hairs on lower edge; frons smooth, eyes hairy;

9 antennae ciliate. Thorax hairy and with hair-like scales; on prothorax a large pointed, triangular tuft; meta¬
thorax with bushy tuft of hair. A row of tufts dorsally on abdomen. Forewings with rectangular apex and
a regularly rounded, scalloped margin. Tibiae without spurs. Only 1 species:

P. essoni Hmps. This remarkable species, of which only a single specimen is known, reminds one of essoni.
Panolis flammea. Thorax grey admixed with brown, abdomen inclined to rosy red, tufts brown and grey.
Forewings rosy red dusted with brown with grey-white costa. Veins and marginal area grey -white, the latter
with rosy red patches in the interstices. Anterior transverse line is black at upper extremity, inclined to brown
and indistinct at inner margin. The small black claviform stigma has grey centre. Orbicular and reniform
stigmata are grey-white with black circumscriptions, the former is small and round, the latter inclined to be
quadrate, with traces of a median line between them. Posterior transverse line is blackish, dentate. Sub-
terminal line whitish with dentations on veins 3 and 4 and a dark shade before same. Hindwings yellowish
white with subterminal shade and short streaks along the veins in place of the posterior transverse line. Fringes
reddish yellow. Wing expanse: 40 mm. Scotland, Aberdeen, only one $ captured at sugar on a fir tree; pos¬
sibly an exotic species that had been imported by chance.

34. Genus: Moniisaa Hbn.

M. rorida Friv. (Vol. 3, p. 89, pi. 22 a). This species has meanwhile been found to occur in central Italy rorida.
and in the french Maritime Alps. - caliginosa Trti. appears to be a genuine race from Sardinia. Specimens caliginosa.
from there are darker smoky brown with darker and more distinct markings and spots.

M. jezoensis Mats. (15 g). Forewings pale grey-brown. Subbasal line indicated by 2 black dots. A 3rd jezoensis.
dot posteriorly above mediana. Transverse lines black with white edges on averted sides. Stigmata grey with
white circumscriptions, orbicular stigma somewhat conical, elliptical at top, the cell before and behind same
reddish brown. The pale subterminal line has a dark outer shade, a black-brown patch before same at costa.

The apical veins are whitish, peppered with black. Hindwings dark grey, somewhat paler towards base. Japan
(Hokkaido).

M. gothica L. (Vol. 3, p. 89, pi. 22 b). Besides the colour varieties already named we have: — obscura
Lenz with dusky brown ground colour, — reducta Lenz orbicular stigma with no black on inner edge, the horse¬
shoe mark only half retained, - nictitans Lenz stigmata are exceedingly prominent owing to their pale edges,
obsolescens Lenz all markings with the exception of the black elements in median area are more or less ex¬
tinct, — taeniata Lenz with striking pale band inside of subterminal line before the margin. — conflua Kiefer
has all black markings in median area confluent forming one patch. — circumscripta Hasebroek is probably
the same aberration, the black circumscribes the entire stigmata; if identical the name conflua would have
priority. — - expuncta Delahaye is an ashy grey mottled form without transverse lines, only the double subter¬
minal line is retained. The black patch is absent except for a small triangular spot, all other markings are
almost obsolete ; obviously this is a form that exceeds obsolescens . — aurifera Delahaye is a nice reddish yellow
to golden yellow form, brightly marked and dusted with violet. — A hybrid has been bred of gothica $ and
stabilis <J. Of these 2 are in the collection of PIingelbr. The moths can scarcely be differentiated from
very dark gothica. They were bred at Neuwaldegg in Lower Austria.

M . munda Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 90, pi. 22 e). Here also there are analogous forms to those of the preceding
species. — obsolescens Lenz with extinct markings, — fasciata Lenz with darker median band. - kammeli Rbl. obsolescens.
is a partially melanic form from Innsbruck. Forewings are blackish brown, the markings are however finely fasciata.
outlined in delicate ochreous yellow. Hindwings darker blackish grey.

M. miniosa F. (Vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 22 e). — rufa DM. is a unicoloured dark yellow-red form i. e. without rufa.
darker median area. Described from Terlan in the S. Tyrol.

M. stabilis View. (Vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 22 e). — cruda Lenz has sharply prominent transverse lines at the cruda.
edges of median area. — fasciata Lenz is a form with dark median band and reniform stigma filled with the fasciata.
same colour. — nictitans Lenz with pale circumscriptions to stigmata and a similar line before margin. — nictitans.
obsolescens Lenz all markings more or less merged in ground colour. — tangens Heinr. the two stigmata are f™°ens
contingent, without however becoming confluent. — extincta Heinr. surrounds of stigmata are the same shade tangens.
as ground, not paler; occurring only among red specimens. — flavilinea Heinr. has subterminal line widely extincta.
yellow and without paler inner edge. - dalmatica Wgnr. is a race with red hue; from Dalmatia. Also the hind- daimatiea
wings have red fringes. — violacea Car. has a rich reddish violet marginal area. Rumania. violacea

obscura.

reducta.

nictitans.

obso¬

lescens.

taeniata.

conflua.

circum¬

scripta.

expuncta

aurifera.

116

MONIMA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

constabilis.

aoyamensis.

angusti-

■pcnnis.

atbo-

lineata.

nigro-

punctata.

fluvilinea.

nigrolinea.

fasciata.
obscura.
melaleuca.
pi cat a.

virgata.

obscura.
griseor.
rufofusca .

puengeleri.

obscurior.

nictitans.

cruda.

fasciata.

M. constabilis Wilem. i. 1. ? (15 g). There is a pair under this name in the Pungeler collection. They
are from Yokohama and resemble the reddish form of stabilis, with more sharply marked and paler subterminal
line on forewings. The main difference from stabilis is in the stigmata. Orbicular is small and round, with pale
circumscription and about as large as in the much smaller cruda. Reniform is narrower and more crooked than
in stabilis.

M. aoyamensis Mats, somewhat resembles the japonica form of stabilis. but has serrate antennae. Fore¬
wings grey-brown, sparsely peppered with black and with reddish brown transverse lines having paler edges
on averted sides. The oval orbicular stigma is delicately circumscribed by yellowish and is indistinct. The
large reniform stigma similarly with blackish centre in lower lobe. Between the two there is an angulated
median line. Subterminal line is yellowish with dark shade on inner edge. Hindwdngs dark grey with obso¬
lete discal spot and yellowish fringes. Wing expanse: 44 mm. Japan (Hokkaido) in May and June.

M. angustipennis Mats. Forewings dark brown, peppered with reddish. Transverse lines extinct with
the exception of the yellowish subterminal line which has a reddish brown inner shade. The round obsolescent
orbicular stigma with pale surround, the large somewhat dusky reniform stigma similarly has a pale circum¬
scription. Posterior to subterminal line, marginal area is widely paler. Fringes dark grey with paler base line.
Hindwings of same shade as forewings. Wing expanse: 36 mm. Japan (Hokkaido).

M. albolineata Mats. Forewings dark brown with obsolete dark transverse lines. The anterior line un¬
dulate, twice excurved, the posterior line oblique, barely undulate. The small round orbicular stigma is grey-
white with dark surround, reniform yellowish white with similar black-brown circumscription, claviform distinct,
deep brown. Veins dusted with black-brown. The narrow subterminal line snow-white with distinct “W” in
centre. Hindwings dark grey, paler towards base, with white fringes and dusky brown discal lunule. Wing
expanse: 34 mm. Hokkaido.

M. pulverulenta Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 22 g). — nigropunctata Wehrli is a form with distinct dark
transverse lines and dots. Described from Switzerland.

M. fluvilinea Mats, has narrower forewings, grey with faint leaden gloss, transverse lines obsolete with
exception of subterminal. The latter distinct, reddish brown with paler line outwardly. The round orbicular
stigma with yellowish surround, the large reniform similarly, with slightly reddish centre. Apex faintly dusted
with white. Hindwings dark grey with blackish discal lunule. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Japan (Hokkaido).

M. nigrolinea Mats. Forewings grey, peppered with black -brown. Both central transverse lines ob¬
solete. The large oval orbicular stigma indistinct, slightly dusky with fine pale surround. It extends at top
almost to costa, as does also the obsolete reniform stigma. The wide subterminal line is black and bold, inter¬
spersed with orange scales, terminating at top in a triangular costal spot. Fringes vellow-grey with dark divid¬
ing line. Hindwdngs grey with yellowish metallic gloss and obsolete dark subterminal- Wing expanse: 35 mm.
Japan (Hokkaido).

M. incerta Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 91. pi. 22 h). Further forms of this exceedingly variable species have been
described: fasciata Lenz with .dark median band, — obscura Lenz unicoloured brown, not sooty blackish

like atra; — melaleuca Lenz unicoloured brown-black with stigmata with pale outlines and pale line before
margin. - picata A. B.-H. somewhat resembles the form pallidior Stgr. from Ferghana, but apex of forewdngs
is more pointed, it is not so greyish yellow, rather more unicoloured pale brownish, scarcely mottled and espec¬
ially the hindwings are much paler than in european specimens. From Karagai-tao.

M. opima Him. (Vol. 3, p. 92, pi. 22 k). — virgata Lenz has very dusky median area. - obscura Lenz has
additionally dark grey basal and marginal areas. — griseor Strd. denotes outspokenly grey specimens, with no
suffusion of reddish in central area of forewings and with an indistinct median shade. — rufofusca Strd. are
dark brown suffused specimens flushed with reddish hue.

M. puengeleri Stfs. is classified close to populi (Vol. 3, p. 90, pi. 22 d) but the outer margin of forewdngs
is rather more undulate. Colouration varies considerably from that of the other species, consisting of a mixture
of greenish with pale and dark grey shades, similar to those of Polyploca ridens. Median and narrow outer
marginal areas darker than the rest of the w ing. Transverse lines quite indistinct and only vestiges left. Orbi¬
cular stigma a somewdiat compressed oval shape with dark centre and encircled by a pale and very clear sur¬
round. Reniform stigma oblique, pale with alternate dark and pale surrounds, lower lobe with dark centre.
Subterminal line is of peculiar formation, a faint. “S" shape with deeper concavity in centre, almost devoid
of dentations. Heavy black spots on outer margin. Hindwings pale grey with faint subterminal shade. The
A is of much more monotonous colouration than the $ which has very contrasting markings. Algeria (Blidali
les Glacieres). Mid April.

M . gracilis F. (Vol. 3, p. 92, pi. 22 k). — obscurior Strd. has forewings suffused with dark brown. -
nictitaras Lenz has very prominent stigmata with bright pale surrounds. — cruda Lenz with clearly out¬
standing transverse lines outlining median area. - fasciata Wehrli with wide dark median shade. — Further we

CLAVIPALPULA ; EUCHORLSTA; CERAPTERYX; HYPERIODES. By Dr. M. Draudt.

117

have obsolescens Lenz with all markings more or less merged in ground colour. — obscura Lenz is a unicoloured .

dark grey form. — marmorata Lenz has dark striations in pale ground colour. vlarmo-

rata.

M. coniortota Filipj. An insignificant species that may be compared with pulverulenta (Vol. 3, p. 91, mniorlola.
pi. 22 g) = cruda. Forewings sandy brownish, peppered with brown scales, which are only absent in marginal
area. An accumulation of these form transverse lines, the anterior one being somewhat more curved outwardly,
the median angulated at lower angle of cell, the postmedian about parallel to margin and subterminal, that
outlines the paler marginal area, is irregularly crooked. On outer margin there are intranerval dots. Hind-
wings monotonous sandy grey with indistinct darker marginal line. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Amur (rJ igrovaja).

M. nigromaculata Hone (= pfennigschmidti Pglr.) (15 g). Forewings pale brownish white with deep nigro-
black basal streak. Transverse lines are only indicated by an interspersion of dark dots and commence at costa 111111
by a heavier black dot. Claviform and orbicular stigmata are absent, in place of reniform there is a bold black
angulated mark. Subterminal line is absent, in place of same 2 brownish spots, the one subapically, the other
in centre. Hindwings grey-black with faintly dentate margin and somewhat paler fringes. Wing expanse:

35 mm. Japan (Yokohama).

35. Genus: Cliavi pal pula Stgr.

C. aurariae Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 92, pi. 22 1). As a synonym to this species, we must add: pfennigschmidti aurariae.

Hone.

36. Genus : Eucliorista Warr.

E. limbata Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 93). We are now able to illustrate this species from a specimen from the limbata.
collection of Hoene (15 g).

38. Genus: Cerapteryx Curt.

C. graminis L. (Vol. 3, p. 93, pi. 20 h). According to Heydemann graminis together with the syno- graminis.
nyms: gramineus Haw. and grisea Spul. is the northern type and grey-brown or olive-grey. — albineura Bsd. albineura.
is an extreme grey-brown form, median area dusky, veins yellowish white to margin, edged with longitudinal
black streaks. — tricuspis Esp. on the other hand is the more monotonous red-brown south german form, only Incus-pis.
faintly marked with black in marginal area. — ab. mane a Ljung. has grey-brown forewings with darker median manca.
area and no trace of paler veins; orbicular stigma is absent. Reniform stigma narrow and sickle-shaped. From
Sweden.

C . megala Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 94, pi. 20 i). — furiosa A. B.-H. denotes specimens that are nicely suffused furiosa.
with rosy red. Such specimens, especially from the Juldus region are very large and have a wing expanse of
35—40 mm.

39. Genus: Hyperiodes Warr.

H. turca L. (Vol. 3, p. 94, pi. 23 a). — athesiensis Dhl. is an exceedingly dusky form from Terlan; the athesiensis.
lines are obscured and from the monotonous blue-blackish sooty grey-brown, only the small stigmata are discer¬
nible. Hindwings also are heavily suffused with grey-black. — virgata DM. from the same locality has only virgata.
the median area darkened. Basal and outer marginal areas retain the colouration of type form, the black
median lines are therefore slightly more apparent in this form. May to October, probably 2 broods. Very
likely the dusky form mentioned above is the same as the older name: - obscura Tutt or possibly — livida Tati obscura.
which applied particularly to the more blue-blackish sooty specimens. — lutesceits Tutt is the counterpart, livida.
being the much paler, almost yellowish red form. lutescens.

H. camuna Trti. forms according to the author a transition from turca to fuliginosa Hmps. Forewings camuna.
dark brown with rosy suffusion and fine black diagonal striations. The antemedian is quite extinct, the posterior
transverse line is almost straight, it does not extend to costa and is not incurved there, it is deep black with
rosy outer edge. At end of cell there is only a small white spot. At margin there is a double black line with
rosy interfilling and no marginal striations as in turca. Fringes pure rose. Hindwings dark grey-black, inner
margin and cell with rosy hairs, fringes as those of forewings. Underside jet-black with rosy hairs, quite without
transverse lines. Wing expanse: 38 — 39 mm. It is found together with turca at Cogno (Val Camonica).

118

HYPHILARE. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

bicolor.

coreana.

ogasawarae.

suffusa.

h irayarnae.

sacha-

linensis.

side-

miensis.

albivenis.

demaculata.

meridio-

nalis.

deino-

grapha.

■myopolia.

amota.

argyritis.

cortii.

repicta.

albilinea.

rufotincta.

proximo.

infra-
m leans.

duplicata.

H. grandis Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 94, pi. 23 a). — bicolor Wilem. has ante and postmedian areas dusted with
black. Hondo (Japan); Corea. — coreana Mats, forewings sparsely striated, the anterior transverse line wider,
more boldly curved outwards in cell. At end of cell, no black-brown streak; posterior transverse line heavier,
daintily undulate, marginal dots minute. Hindwings reddish brown with wide dark median band not extending
to margins. Marginal dots absent. Wing expanse: 53 mm. — ogasawarae Mats. Forewings straw-yellow with
olive hue. Anterior transverse line obsolete, not undulate, streak at end of cell absent. Posterior transverse
line narrower, more sharply serrate especially above inner margin. The dark submarginal spot is absent. Fringes
browner. Hindwings of same colour as forewings, with wide dark central spot. Fringes pale yellowish. Wing
expanse only 38 mm. Honsho, Sapporo (Japan). - suffusa Mats. Forewings pale yellowish grey, inclined to
brown in disc, interspersed with black-brown, with indistinct anterior transverse line. At end of cell there
is a yellowish white crescentiform mark, which in has a dark outer edge. Posterior transverse line brownish,
oblique, scarcely undulate, almost straight. This form is said to closely resemble fuliginosa. Hokkaido. -
nirayaniae Mats. Forewings olive-grey, practically without darker striations; in marginal area the colour
turns to reddish brown. Anterior transverse line obsolete, posterior line delicate, almost straight and sharply
dentate, not excurved below costa. Marginal dots very indistinct. Hindwings fuscous with dark streaks along
veins in postmedian area, fringes paler. Wing expanse: 53 mm. Honsho (Japan). The classification of the
last 4 forms, which Matsumura places as “ab.-’ to grandis seems uncertain to me. It is possible that they
are gemline species.

H. sachalinensis Mats, is closely related to divergens. It has pale grey-brownish to yellowish brown
forewings with almost straight, sometimes gently undulate antemedian line. A pale grey crescentiform mark
with outer brownish black edge at end of cell. The postmedian line much closer to margin than in turca and
somewhat excurved outwardly. Hindwings are not described. Wing expanse: 45 — 47 mm. S. Saghalin.

H. divergens Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 94, pi. 23 b), — sidemiensis Kard. is much larger, wing expanse: 47 — 57 mm :
ground colour brighter, anterior transverse line less undulate, posterior line is only slightly prominent, marginal
area darker. Narwa Island (Amur territory).

H.curvata Leech (Vol. 3, p. 94, pi. 23 b). - albivenis Strd. has veins more clearly indicated by whitish
on forewings, the grey-black striations are much coarser and more heavily marked. Corea, central China.

40. Genus: Hyphilare Hbn.

H . lithargyria Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 95, pi. 23 c). — ab. demaculata Hoffm. & Klos denotes specimens on
which the white spot at end of cell is completely absent. Described from Styria. — meridionalis Dhl. is the
southern race, grey to whitish grey with paler hindwings having a postmedian arched row of fine dots. In
contrast to argyritis Bbr. these are large, well built specimens. Pungeler considered them identical with
argyritis, which in his opinion was not a genuine species. This form occurs in the S. Tyrol (Terlan, Bormio)
to the Abruzzi and as far as Sicily. — deinographa Dhl. from the same territory, are more heavily peppered
with grey with very bold markings of lines and dots. myopolia Dhl. similarly grey, more rarely yellowish

or reddish grey, uniformly darkly dusted without any trace of lines or dots. S. Tyrol. - amota Strd. is a uni¬
coloured brown race from Norway, devoid of markings, except for the whitish discal spot.

H. argyritis Bbr. (Vol. 3, p. 95, pi. 23 c) is stated to be a genuine species; I have been unable to ascertain
any outward anatomical differences from lithargyria , in specimens before me from Algeria. They may possibly
be slightly sleeker and smaller, and are pale grey-white, faintly marked, the marginal row of dots almost extinct,
hindwings semitransparent, glossily pure white, faintly dusky in $. The illustration in Main Volume does not
tally with this description and we are giving a fresh illustration (15 g). Compare also what is said above under
lithargyria meridionalis . Specimens from Italy should certainly be classified to the latter and not to argyritis.

H. albipuncta F. (Vol. 3, p. 95, pi. 23 d). — cortii Kruger, which was described as a genuine species,
is according to Vorbrodt, a typical albipuncta. — repicta Kruger is a form with slightly prolonged white
cell spot. - albilinea Wehrli denotes an aberrative specimen in which the white spot at end of cell is extended
forming a white horizontal line extending to inner transverse line. Thurgovia. — subsp. rufotincta Wgnr. are
particularly dark reddish brown specimens from Tunisia.

H. proxima Leech. (Vol. 3, p. 96, pi. 24 a). This species, that is very like l-album, also occurs in the
Transalai, from whence I have a specimen before me representing a considerably paler form than was shown
in the illustration.

H. infraniicans Hmps. (Vol. 11, p. 89, pi. 11 g, h). This species, that is dealt with in the Indo -Australian
Volume and which somewhat resembles proxima, is also mentioned by Wilem an as occurring in Japan (Hondo).
Forewings inclined to violet-grey, only yellow-brown in and below the cell, markings otherwise fairly identical.

H. duplicata Btlr. (= prominens Moore nec Wkr., rufula Hmps.) (Vol. 11, p. 91, pi. 12 a) (15 g) was
omitted from Main Volume. It should be classified after riparia Bbr. (Vol. 3, p. 96, pi. 23 f). Somewhat larger
than riparia, the wings narrower and have a bluish red sheen. Hindwings very dusky with white fringes. This
species, that is well known from India (Punjab, Sikkim and Assam), also occurs in the Amur territory and

S1DERIDIS. By Dr. M. Draudt. 11!)

there are specimens in the Pungeler collection in the Berlin Museum. — limbopuncta Strd. denotes the more
usual form with black marginal dots on forewings. East Asia.

H. albicosta Moore (Vol. 3, p. 96, pi. 23 f). - uniformis Strd. has forewings more uniformly suffused
with fuscous, the pale band diffusing before apex. Eastern and southern Asia.

H. flavostigma Brern. (Vol. 3, p. 96, pi. 24 a). The illustration on pi. 24 a does not in the least represent
this species. The type from the Amur looks almost like the illustrations of singularis on pi. 23 f, g, only it
is more whitish in tone of ground colour. — ochracea Strd. must be considered a synonym of singularis. The
type of the latter emanates from Yokohama and corresponds exactly also to the description of Warren of
singularis in the Main Volume.

H. macaria Rbl. resembles a small pale unipuncta, but has more tenuated antennae, shorter wing
contour, longer anal tuft and besides, the long black hairs at base on underside of abdomen, indicate the rela¬
tionship with lithargyria. Forewings yellow-brown, slightly reddish outwardly, with faintly indicated reddish
reniform stigma, edged below by a small white spot extending along the vein. Posterior to same a boldly curved
row of black dots on the veins. On the margin are small black triangular marks, fringes dark brown. Hind-
wings blackish grey with white fringes having black extremities. Cyprus (Nicosia).

H. seifersi Rangn. appears to be very close to littoralis (Vol. 3, p. 96, pi. 23 g) but is somewhat smaller.
Forewings silky and glossy yellowish with slightly reddish tone. Somewhat whiter on costa, along mediana
and widely white on veins 3 and 4. Veins in marginal area finely white. Below the white mediana a blackish
shade, which close to end of cell also appears above the mediana and which expands between veins 3 and 5
towards the margin. Just before the margin it is continued also above vein 5. Hindwings silvery white. Wing
expanse: 28 — 30 mm. Guberla (S. Urals). Filip jev writes to say that he considers the species identical with
deserticola Bart., which however is not possible according to a cotype of the latter, which is now before me.

41. Genus: Sicleridis Him.

S. conigera Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 96, pi. 23 g). — ab. obscura Hoffin. & Klos refers to very dark brown
specimens from Styria, which however are not identical with the english melanic suffusa. — mezeyi Diozh.
denotes a brick -red <$ that is finely dusted with brown, with very distinct black-brown lines. The white spot
below the dark orange reniform stigma is very distinct. Hindwings yellow-grey with reddish fringes. S. Car¬
pathians (Ret.yezat mountains).

S. vitellina Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 97, pi. 23 i). — lacteicolor Rothsch. is synonymous with pallida Warr.
decolorata Did. is an extreme form of pallida Warr., which was mentioned in Main Volume. It is very small,
wing expanse 27 — 32 mm, ground colour almost whitish, at best yellowish white, completely devoid of mark¬
ings. In pallida the transverse lines and cell spot are still discernible. Hindwings pure white, silky and glossy
and rather iridescent. Southern Abruzzi at abt. 1000 -1800 m altitude. - grisescens Dhl. is a form that in¬
clines towards grey or yellow-grey, from the mountains of the S. Tyrol, the Sabine and Samnit mountains. -
satin atior Did. is the counterpart of the extreme pallida forms. It is of almost rusty red colouration and very
boldly marked. Hindwings darker with prominently darker veins and iridescent. These are very large, strongly
built specimens occurring particularly in Italy (Tivoli, Campagna).

S. evidens Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 97, pi. 23 i). — lanipra Schaw. is a much larger race (38 — 40 mm) from Bosnia
and Carniola, of dark fuscous colouration.

S. prominens Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 97). We are able to give a good illustration of this species (15 h) which
was not illustrated in Main Volume. — tiburtina Trti. (15 h) is a large, heavily built race, rather more densely
interspersed with black and with bold black marginal dots. Collar has 2 wide grey transverse bands. Abdomen
and anal tuft grey, the fore tibiae are longer and more densely covered with grey hairs. Tivoli.

S. velutina Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 97, pi. 23 k). The illustration in Main Volume was not good, we are giving
a better picture here (15 h). coreana Mats is synonymous, as both the description and the illustration correspond
to this species. — enervata Warn, is a form, which in contrast to the greyish type-form has no prominently
pale veins and is of browner colouration, markings being diffuse. From the Amur.

S. comma L. (Vol. 3, p. 98, pi. 23 a). Standfuss occupied himself with this species and ascertained
in conjunction with Pungeler that the main german form - turbida Hbn. (228) should be removed from the
synonyms anti considered the type form. It is the usual pale sandy brown form, to which comma Tutt would
be added as synonym, whilst Linne’s type would denote the alpine darker grey specimens of turbida Hbn. 618,
with which suffusa Tutt and engadensis Wgnr. would coincide. — rhodocomma Pglr. is not a genuine species,
but only a form of comma from Turkestan. We are giving an illustration (15 h).

limbo¬

puncta.

uniformis.

flavo¬

stigma.

ochracea.

macaria.

seifersi.

obscura.

mezeyi.

vitellina

decolorata.

grisescens.

satvratior.

lampra.

prominens.

tiburtina.

velutina.

enervata.

comma.

turbida.

rhodo¬

comma.

propensa.

pseudo-

comma.

jordana.

cinna-

momea.

albivena.

bclgiensis.

alopecuri.

putrida.

palac-

stinae.

serra-

tilinea.

virata.

sgriaca.

mesoirosta.

favicolor.

dung ana.

Candida.

algirica .

pinguis.

i ncognita.

120 SIDERIDIS. By Dr. M. Dbatjdt.

S. properssa Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 98). We are able to give an illustration (15 h) of a specimen in the PtixGELER
collection.

S. andereggii Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 98, pi. 25 b). — pseudocomma Rbl. & Z. (15 h) is larger than type; mediana
and its branches are more widely outlined in pure white, also the whitish colouration at end of cell is whiter
and the dark shading, that is there in andereggii, is absent. Marginal dots are small or absent. Many of the
$$ are a darker brown, corresponding to the form cinis, but transverse lines are almost always absent. A sub¬
species described from Albania, which strongly resembles comma, but also reminds one of lineata Ev. from
S. E. Russia.

S. 'phlebitis Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 98, pi. 24 b) and

S. Jordana Bartel (Vol. 3, p. 98, pi. 24 c). Both these illustrations w-ere very poor copies from Hampson.
We are l’eplacing them by better illustrations here (15 i).

S. sicula Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 98, pi. 25 c). — cinnarnomea Trti. (15 i) is a small form from Sardinia that is
suffused by cinnamon brown. - albivena Grasl. (= fuscilinea Grasl.). The main characteristic of this form is
not the row of dots on veins, but a prominent blackish longitudinal streak under the delicately white mediana,
which extends beyond the cell under vein 5. It certainly also occurs in central Italy and there is a typical
specimen from Aix-la-Chapelle in the collection of Pungeler! — belgiensis Lamb, is an extreme form of the
preceding with especially bold black longitudinal streak. From Belgium.

S. alopecuri Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 99, pi. 24 b). In place of the unrecognisable illustration in Main Volume,
we are giving a fresh picture (15 i) of this insignificant species, from a specimen from Kertsh.

S. putrida Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 99, pi. 25 d) is a genuine species and has no connection with indistincta Chr.
On the other hand — palaestinae Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 99) has no claim to specific rank. It is only a larger form
of the preceding, somewhat more reddish in tone, without the blackish longitudinal streak below the cell. Neither
is the marginal area blackened. An illustration is given here (15 i).

S. scirpi Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 99, pi. 25 e). — serratilinea Wgnr. has a sharply dentate postmedian trans¬
verse line. From Gravosa. — virata Costni. has monotonous dull yellow-grey forewings without the central
longitudinal shade and transverse row of dots. Veins very prominently white. From Mte Gibbio, not rare
in the Spring brood. — syriaca Osth. is larger than type and the form montium (29 — 33 mm) has forewings pale
yellow-grey with faint reddish brown sheen, markings varying in intensity, the black dot in reniform stigma
prominent. Hindwings grey-white, darker at margin. In 2 broods in the Taurus (Marash).

S. opaca Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 99, pi. 24 c) and

S. mesotrosta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 99, pi. 24 c) were illustrated from bad copies and are therefore now-
being illustrated afresh (15 k).

S. favicolor Barr. (Vol. 3, p. 100, pi. 25 k) is found to belong also to the german fauna and especially
that of Slesvig-Holstein, according to the discoveries of Heydemann, who has found the species on the islands
of North Friesland. It occurs apparently mainly in the fuscous forms and is found at night on marram grass
flowers.

S. impura Hbn. (Vol. 3. p. 100, pi. 25 f). — dungana Alph. is now illustrated from a tvpical specimen

(15i).

S. pallens L. (Vol. 3, p. 101, pi. 25 g, h). — Candida Pocci is the pure white form without the slightest
yellowish hue. From Piedmont.

S. algirica Obth. (15 k) is best classified next to obsoleta (Vol. 3, p. 101) and straminea. Upperside pale
grey, forewings with faint reddish suffusion, paler than the rather more blackish grey hindwings. Between
the veins there are delicate black striations, behind the cell there are a faint row of black dots as in obsoleta.
Underside is glossy and silky, pale grey, costa of forewing whitish, blackish suffusion in disc, with black costal
spot as in straminea. Hindwings on underside peppered with grey with black dotted line on both wings, com¬
mencing at costal dot. It is darker than straminea, especially on hindwings. No cell spots on underside; congrua
differs by the white mediana on upperside and silvery gloss of underside; obsoleta has less quadrate contour
of forewings, rather heavier black dots -on upperside of forewings, whitish disc on hindwings, only blackish
at margin and with cell spots on underside. From Batna, Aflou and Lambessa in Algeria. Obviously in 2 gen¬
erations in June and September.

S. pudorina Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 101, pi. 25 i). pinguis Dhl. is a form that closely resembles rufescens
Tutt. It is strongly suffused with red, but is so densely peppered with dark grey-brown speckles, that the nice
rich red colour is scarcely apparent. It is a very large race from the Etschtal (Terlan).

S. incognita n. n. (= impuncta Stgr. nec Guen.) (15 k) is best classified near to phlebitis. It was omitted
from Main Volume. I have had an opportunity of inspecting the type, of which an illustration is now given.
Forewings pale reddish yellow-brown, somewhat paler at inner margin, with whitish costa and veins, the

Publ. 3. IV. 1934.

NEOBOROLIA; BRACHY GALEA; CUCULLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

121

mediana white to the margin and somewhat shaded below same; towards the margin there are faint grey streaks
in the interstices, cell spot absent, base of fringes dark grey. Hindwings darker than the forewings, grey-black,
with white fringes. S. Ussuri.

S. subrosea Mats, has rosy grey forewings, a black-brown spot in the lower angle of cell, otherwise subrosca.
devoid of markings except for a sparse interspersion of brownish black scales. Costa and fringes reddish. Hind-
wings, paler at base, dark brownish with rosy red fringes. Wing expanse: 42 — 46 mm. Honsho and Hokkaido
(Japan).

S. griseola Mats. Forewings yellowish grey peppered with sparse brownish black scales, devoid of griseola.
markings except for a faint darkening in the interstices, there is a row of indistinct blackish dots on the margin.
Hindwings whitish with silky gloss, the veins with darker streaks on eacli side, dark spots on apical margin.

Wing expanse: 38 mm. Hokkaido.

41a. Genus: Heoborolia Mats.

Is very close to the Genus Borolia which Warren had classified under Sideridis, as it only differs by
the hairlike covering of the thorax. In N eoborolia head and thorax are coarsely scaled; the apex of forewings
is rectangular. Only 1 species:

N. noshirae Mats, resembles S. griseola Mats, in colour and contour, but has a brownish black row of noshirae.
dots in postmedian area. Forewings pale yellowish with darker streaks alongside the veins, the veins themselves
however paler than ground colour, a few black scales are interspersed below the mediana and submedian fold;
marginal area somewhat darker. Hindwings of same colour as forewings, a row of black-brown dots towards
the apex on the margin. Wing expanse: 36 mm. Honsho.

Subfamily : Cucullianae.

1. Genus: Hracliygalea Hmps.

B. aibolineata Black. (Vol. 3, p. 102, pi. 28 d). The illustration in the Main Volume suffices to recognise albolineata.
this small algerian species.

2. Genus: Cucullia Schrlc.

C . jankowskii Obtli. (Vol. 3, p. 102, pi. 26 a). — Japonica Mats, is a much paler form from Japan (Sapporo, japonica.

Daisen).

C. argentea Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 102, pi. 26a). — divina Culot is a dusky, deep olive-green form from E. divina.
Prussia. — fasciata Schreiber denotes a bred specimen from near Berlin which lias a silvery apical spot and fasciata.
the 2 submarginal spots enlarged and confluent so that they form a wide silvery submarginal band. On the
other hand the subdiscal spot is completely absent.

C. argentina F. (Vol. 3, p. 102, pi. 26 b). — grisescens Wgnr. the material characteristics are the grey grisescens.
collar, thorax and scapulae; the dark markings of forewings are bolder, hindwings pure white, the veins are
more densely scaled with black in the region of the costa, thus appearing more heavily marked. This is a well
differentiated, constant mountain race from the region of Sultan-Dagh in Asia Minor. It differs from the form
achalina Pglr. by the retention of the pure white hindwings.

C. bubaceki Kilt (16 a) is a new species that closely resembles argentina, but body and forewings are bubaceki.
ashy grey. The silvery longitudinal band, that is narrower than in argentina , is deeply excurved in an arc at
its outer end and has both ends protracted to a point, the dentate projection is more distinct on the underside.

The silvery band has a somewhat brownish edge anteriorly and posteriorly. Veins of hindwings are darkened
towards the margin and costa and margin of hindwings are dusky grey-brown. Described from Spain (Albar-
racin and Ribas near Madrid) but also probably occurring in Algeria as Oberthur indicates that from there
he has received besides typical argentina also achalina and this very probably will prove to be bubaceki. Larva
with somewhat less prominent transverse pads than absinthii. If is a nice greenish blue with white longitudinal
lines, black hairy warts and dark transverse spots on the dorsum. It feeds on Artemisia herba alba and pupates
in a loose puparium composed of sand, earth and bits of vegetation. There are 2 broods in July and September.

C. biradiata Kozh. (16 a) belongs to the same group and also closely resembles argentina, differing biradiata.
however from same by the wide silvery longitudinal band that extends to the apex and which is silvery through¬
out, also at apex. Besides, a second narrower longitudinal band extends along the inner margin almost to the
anal angle of forewing. From around Minussinsk, captured in June.

Supplementary Volume 3

16

122

CUCULLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

mixia.

sacha-

linensis.

injuscaia.

immacu¬
late i.
obscura.

perspicua.

tescorum.

jozanJceana.

aksuana.

vicina.

rliodana.

obscura.

albida.

amoe-

nissima.

wredowi.

caucasica.

achilleae.

beat a.

C. mixta Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 103, pi. 26 b) occurs in a paler form also in Upper Italy.

C. sachalinensis Mats, closely related to maculosa Stejr. (Vol. 3, p. 103, pi. 28 a), forewings mottled
with leaden grey scales, the round orbicular stigma with white surround, black on both sides, reniform stigma
obsolete, only indicated by a white arc inwardly; posterior transverse line black-brown, sharply angulated on
submedian fold; in each of the cells 1, 4 and 6 a black longitudinal streak. Hindwings dark brown somewhat
paler at base. Wing expanse: 37 mm. N. Saghalin (Alexandrowsk).

C. cineracea Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 103, pi. 26 c) has also been discovered in Italy. — infuscata Tshetv., speci¬
mens from Minussinsk and the surrounding country have very dusky hindwings in both sexes. June and July.

C. artemisiae Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 103, pi. 26 c). — ab. immaculata Bromb. the 2 stigmata are completely
absent on both forewings. Bred from a larva from Kaiserstuhl. — obscura Trti. is a very dusky grey -black
monotonous form in which only the stigmata and the black longitudinal streaks are distinct, the pale spot
below stigmata is almost completely extinct. Apennines of Modena. — perspicua Warn., a local race from
Ussuri (Suifun) much darker and more distinctly marked than specimens from N. Germany; stigmata in
contrast to the name type form, very prominent, especially the orbicular stigma with its grey centre widely
encircled by white.

C. tescorum Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 104) we are now able to give an illustration (16 a).

C. jozankeana Mats. This resembles 'perforata Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 105, pi. 26 e) in size and wing contour
but is much paler and differs in the marking. Forewings pale grey, the black anterior transverse line only wide
at costa, twice sharply angulated below the mediana; the orbicular stigma white encircled by black, elliptical
at top, inwardly of same a white cuneiform mark which is separated from the stigma by a black streak. Reni¬
form stigma whitish with black-brown edge and brownish centre. The undulate postmedian has a paler outer
edge. Anterior to same above the inner margin a black oval spot. Veins black in marginal area with 3 black
marks between them subterminally. Hindwings paler than in perforata. Wing expanse: 40 — 45 mm. S. Saghalin
(Ichinosawa; Kawakami). End of July, early August.

C. santonici Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 104, pi. 26 cl). — aksuana /. n. (16 a) a form that is completely suffused
with ochreous yellow; from Aksu. Type in the collection of Pungeler.

C. vicina A. B.-H. (16 a) very close to mixta Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 103, pi. 26 b) but has much wider wings,
bolder markings and is more darkly coloured. Forewings dark ashy grey, somewhat paler in marginal area, suf¬
fused with brownish red, especially in disc. Therein the stigmata with their delicate white surrounds stand
out prominently. Marginal lunules boldly black. Hindwings much darker with distinct central spot. Wing
expanse: 42 — 45 mm. Alai; Karagai-tao; Julclus.

C. umbratica L. (Vol. 3, p. 105, pi. 26 f). — rliodana Cabeau has forewings with a slightly roseate hue.
Hindwings whiter than type. Described from Belgium. — obscura Buresch is a melanic form described from
a single specimen from Sofia. — albida Spul. is the counterpart thereto, being a pale whitish ashy grey form,
that occasionally occurs among the type form and may be identical with clarior Fuchs.

C. chamomillae Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 105, pi. 26 g). There is still considerable uncertainty in regard to
this species and probably the form from Algeria described as — amoenissima Obth. is the same as the following
species wredowi; amoenissima was described as a smaller form with paler grey and clearer and more distinct
markings. From Algeria and Tunisia.

C. wredowi Costa (16 a) has no connection with santolinae, but is a genuine species that is difficult to
distinguish and is in close relationship to chamomillae. It is apparently very widely distributed. In the first
instance it differs from calendulae by the more dainty build, narrower wings, more delicate markings and a
certain bluish grey tone to the colouration which in the $ is usually somewhat darker, santolinae is also similar
but is more robustly built, markings are heavier and more contrasting, the whitish dots under stigmata are
more distinct and hindwings more brownish. From Capri, Sicily, Algeria, Tunisia, Palestine, Syria, Taurus
(Marash). — caucasica ( B.-H . i. 1.) S.-R. is a form with coarser pale dark mottling from the Caucasus. The
larva is pale green or brown with yellow longitudinal stripes and pale brown ringed minute punctiform warts.
It feeds in April and May on Achillea, hiding by day. The moth occurs from December to March and in this
respect resembles inderienses. In my opinion however one cannot classify fudaeorum under wredowi as Sohn-
Rethel has done.

C. achilleae Cuen. (Vol. 3, p. 106, pi. 28 a). This rare little species that hitherto has only been found
in Andalusia is, according to a specimen in the Pungeler collection, also to be found in Castile. The old illus¬
tration did not truly represent the species and we are giving a fresh picture here (16 b). It somewhat resembles
a small pale tanaceti with very heavy black subanal marking, the fine black streak below and behind the end
of cell is absent. Hindwings pure white with narrow brown marginal line. The species is not allied to wredowi.

C. beata Rothsch. is one of the finest species in the umbratica group. It is close to tanaceti but much
smaller and the black markings differ considerably. Antennae brown; head ashy grey, thorax bluish ashy
grey, abdomen inclined to whitish with faint yellowish tinge laterally and with dark dorsal line and anal tuft.

CUCULLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

123

Forewings pale bluish ashy grey, mottled with pale grey-brown. The veins are darker at their extremities and
there is a fine black longitudinal central line from base to midway of the mediana and below same. Posteriorly
a denser oblicpie black band which is crossed at the base by a black streak. A black line subterm inally above
vein 4. Hindwings semi-transparently white, veins and a marginal band ashy grey. Wing expanse: 39 mm.

Described from I $ from Sebdou; captured in September.

C. dracunculi Him. (Vol. 3, p. 106, pi. 27 b). The following forms that were described by Warren as
species should be placed here anthemidis Guen. and linosyridis Fuchs. We are illustrating both (16 b) as the anlhcmidis.
illustration of the former in the Main Volume (27 b) is much too large and unrecognisable; linosyridis is on an ll,ll,.'r
average somewhat larger and slightly darker than anthemidis. Costal area somewhat browner. It has recently ' yri11
been discovered in S. Baden (Kaiserstuhl).

C. cemenelensis Bours. (16 b). A new species that very closely resembles the forms mentioned under cemvuc-
the preceding species. It is to be distinguished from them, firstly, by the long yellowish hairing of the 1st and lensis-
2nd segments of the palpi; in anthemidis the palpi have uniform short grey-white hairs from base to the point.
cemenelensis generally is somewhat duskier grey, forewings being decidedly wider at outer margin. The black
row of dots at margin is distinctly heavier. The marking of the stigmata is not so pronounced and the black
subanal streak is absent, in place of same there is only a faint brownish shade. Hindwings paler, outer margin
relatively somewhat darker with a faintly indicated discocellular spot. The imagines emerge earlier. End of
May to middle of June. Described from Nice and also found in Spain.

C. amota Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 106). In the MainVolume this was included as a form of dracunculi but accord- amota.
ing to Filip jev’s investigations, it is a genuine species that certainly closely resembles dracunculi. It makes
however a rather sleeker impression, the wings are narrower and it is larger and rather paler in the discal area.

Hindwings are somewhat darker at the margin and paler at the base, the marginal band therefore appears
rather more prominent than in the more uniformly brownish dracunculi. We are illustrating the species here
(16 b). Hitherto it has only been recorded from Minussinsk and the Altai (Ongodai).

C. tecca Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 107, pi. 27 b). — judaeorum Strd. (16 c), the form from Palestine has according judaeorum.
to the original description of Strand (a translation of Hampson’s diagnosis of his “ab. 1.'’) head, thorax and
forewings a more greyish blue and much less mottled with dark brown. I have before me specimens bred by
Paulus from Jerusalem, according to which, it seems to have slightly wider wings and to be somewhat paler
and more bluish grey, basal streak is slightly more prominent. Under no circumstances can this short and
wide winged species be classified with wredowi as Sohn-Rethel suggests; if it is not conspecific with tecca,
it is a genuine species. The larvae, of which I have a specimen preserved in spirit, is earthy brown with blackish
markings, there is a dorsal band of the ground colour and attached to same a mottled blackish band with an
undulate line below, laterally there is a band of slightly curved flat crescents, the area above and below same
is faintly mottled; head pale brown, dotted with brown and striped.

C. tosca A. B.-H. (16 c) is very close to inderiensis (Vol. 3, p. 107, pi. 27 c). Forewings pale ashy grey, tosca.
partially somewhat darker, the fine black basal streak on almost white ground extending to centre of wing;
there are white longitudinal streaks between the delicately black marginal veins. At end of cell a round white
spot. Hindwings pale grey, faintly darker at margin. Much paler than inderiensis , almost like tanaceti, without
the rusty brown admixture of the former. Wing expanse: 42— 43 mm. From Karagai-tao and Issyk-Kul.

C. biskrana Obth. resembles C. syrtana in size but the forewings are much less narrow and long, grey- biskrana.
white, almost devoid of markings only shaded slightly darker than the ground colour, towards the outer margin
there is a row of small black internerval streaks extending oblicpiely downwards from the apex. Near the anal
angle there is a small black divided mark; marginal line white. Hindwings impure white, grey at margin, ab¬
domen yellowish. The $ rather darker. Biskra; Blidet Amar, from September to January. Perhaps it would
be better classified nearest to syrtana under Copicucullia. I have not seen a specimen.

C. lucifuga Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 107, pi. 27 d). — obscura Lenz denotes a very dusky $ specimen from Bavaria, obscura.
The black shading extends along the inner margin, in outer marginal area and on the abdomen.

G. xeranthemi Bscl. (Vol. 3, p. 108, pi. 27 d). — atrocaerulea Tshetv. was described as a subspecies with atro-
much darker wings, forewings marked with blue-black. From Minussinsk. caerulea.

C. fuchsiana Ev. (Vol. 3, p. Ill) is wrongly classified by Warren with Cheligalea scopariae Dorfm. The fuchsiana.
characteristic spur of the foretibiae for Cheligalea is absent in fuchsiana, which is a genuine Cucullia closely
related to xeranthemi . Apart from the anatomical distinctions it is differentiable from scopariae by the purer
white of the surrounds of the stigmata. A further characteristic is the pointed triangular claviform stigma
with a pure white patch immediately posterior to same extending to the subterminal line. The posterior trans¬
verse line is cpiite extinct and hindwings are much paler than in scopariae. Urals, Altai, Kuku-Nor, Amur and
Ussuri. We are illustrating this small species (16 c).

124

CUCULLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

maure-

tanica.

timber ia.

barthae.

reisseri.

mino-

genica.

scroplru-

larivora.

osthelclcri

oberthuri.

lobnorica.

C. scrophulariphila Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 109, pi. 27 f). — mauretanica Bouts, is much darker at costa and
inner margin, so that it reminds one of prenanthis , on the other hand the submedian area of forewings is much
paler, especially in the <J. Hindwings considerably darker with well developed discoidal spots. These are charact¬
eristic of the species. Spanish Morocco, Algeria.

C. blattariae Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 109, pi. 27 f). — timberia Drt. is the race from Capri, small and with espe¬
cially dark brown hindwings which are almost as dark as those of scrophulariphaga. Forewings dark iron grey
with very distinct marking (16 c).

C. barthae Bours. (16 c) is larger than blattariae. Forewings wider and more elongate, submedian area
almost completely filled by a long pale patch, brownish in disc and postmedian area. Hindwings more angu-
lated, apex protracted, quite impure grey-brown, discoidal spot frequently indicated; blattariae has whiter
hindwings with darker outer margin. There is also a resemblance to anceps but the latter is much paler, more
whitish, larger and more heavily built with wider white hindwings. In the Minutes of the Entomological Society
of Munich (23rd Volume, part 1, p. 21 [1933]) the author gives a very handy identification table of these species
that so closely resemble one another and we refer to same here. Taurus (Marash) ; Anatolia; Diabekir ; Lebanon;
Haifa; Beirut. The larvae feed on Scrophularia in June and resemble the blattariae larvae but the head is a
golden yellow inclining to orange. Imagines emerge in March, April.

C. reisseri Boms. (16 cl) has superficial resemblance to thapsiphaga, the larva also is very similar. The
moth differs however by its greater size and the very dark slate grey colouration that reminds one of scrophu-
lariphaga. The posterior transverse line is visible throughout its extension, the anterior transverse line is paler
and stands out clearly, showing 3 large pointed dentations. The submedian area is distinctly paler and striated.
Orbicular and reniform stigmata distinct, especially the former, with dark centre and with black dots at the
lower end of the contour. Hindwings dark with wide blackish marginal band and distinct discal spot. Spanish
Morocco (Xauen A’Faska), bred in May. The larva is bluish green with pale yellow dorsal line which has white
edges and which expands on the anterior half of the segments to a round spot. There are wide whitish yellow
lateral lines and black warts with bristles. Head a porcelain white with black dots. It feeds on the large
mullein (Verbascum).

C. minogenica Bbl. (16 d) somewhat resembles blattariae, it is larger and much darker. Forewings pure
iron grey with very faint brownish striations in the cell and under the costa. The lower part of the inner mar¬
ginal lunules is angulated and not merely curved. The white longitudinal streak over the inner margin is much
less distinct being confined to a white longish patch before the inner marginal lunule. Hindwings deep black-
brown to the base, in the pale yellowish grey in the disc. Also underside is much darker blackish. The larva
has been found on Scrophularia at Assitaes (Crete).

C. scrophularivora Guen. (= erythrocephala Wgnr.) (16 d) should be removed from the synonyms of
blattariae (Vol. 3, p. 109, pi. 27 f) and introduced as a genuine species. It is somewhat smaller than blattariae,
the costa is paler, otherwise very similar but there are differences in the larva. The subdorsal markings are
not connected on top, in blattariae they are united forming x-shaped marks. The head is inclined to red-brown
and is not orange-yellow. It is found on Scrophularia canina in June and again in the autumn, there being
2 broods. From Andalusia and Tunisia.

C. ostlielderi Bours. is related with scrophulariae and lychnitis, it is somewhat smaller than the former
and slightly larger than lychnitis. It differs from scrophulariae by narrower wings; by slightly bolder orbicular
and reniform stigmata and through a more apparent whitish median longitudinal stripe. It is browner and
not so grey as lychnitis. Forewings more elongate, orbicular and reniform stigmata less prominent. The best
characteristic is the strongly contrasting wide dark black-brown costal margin against the long whitish pale
submedian patch. II ind wings of quite blackish brown with discal spot indicated, paler in the $ only with
a darker outer margin. Wing expanse: $ 37, $ 41 mm. Syria (Taurus: Marash) and Amasia.

€. oberthiiri Rothsch., held by Oberthur to be anceps (Vol. 3, p. 109, pi. 27 g), is unknown to me. Head
yellow reddish brown, collar whitish yellow with brown edge, scapulae similarly, somewhat mixed with grey,
thorax black -brown, abdomen yellow-reddish. Forewings whitish yellow, costa and subcostal area dusky grey-
brown, a somewhat irregular band of the same shade extends from base of inner margin to the outer margin
on vein 3, and there are a few oblique brown striations from outer margin inwards. There are 3 black spots
in the cell on mediana 3. Hindwings yellowish white with yellow-brown veins. Extent of forewings: 22 mm.
S. Algeria (Bou-Saada, El Kantara). Probably conspecific with one of the former species.

C. biornata F.-d. W. (Vol. 3, p. 110, pi. 27 h, i). — lobnorica /. n. (16 d). Specimens from Lob-nor in
the Pungeler collection in the Berlin Museum are smaller, whitish, with greater yellow admixture and more
delicate paler markings.

C. lampra Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 110). We are now able to illustrate a specimen from the Pungeler collection

(16 e). '

lampra.

COPICUCULLIA — HYPOMECIA. By Dr M. Draudt.

125

3. Genus: Copicucullla Smith.

Dumont created the Genus: Pseudocopicucullia for the palaearctic species of this group, the type of
which is actually an american species.

C. syrtana Mab. (Vol. 3, p. Ill, pi. 29 a) occurs eastwards as far as Egypt. xyrtanu.

C. naruenensis St.gr. (Vol. 3, p. Ill, pi. 29 a). We are now able to illustrate the form — eumorpha Alph. eumorpha.

(16 e).

3a. Genus: Metlaouia Dumont.

Differs from the preceding by the boldly pectinated antennae of the actually should only have the
rank of a subgenus.

M. oberthuri Deckert (16 e) has whitish ground of forewings densely bestrewn with grey-black; only oberthuri.
the cuneiform marks in the interstices before the margin remain pure white, a streak above the black basal
streak and a yellowish dusted longitudinal streak in and behind the cell. Of the other markings only the long
dentations of the 2 transverse lines and an oblique black streak from the anal angle are distinctly visible. Hind-
wings whitish, veins and terminal line smoky brown, in the $ quite dusky brown. Algeria, Tunisia.

M. fioiii Trti. strongly resembles the preceding species, but is much paler in ground colour and the fiorii.
brown sharply dentate transverse lines are finer and more distinct. Ground colour is a pale bluish grey, mark¬
ings are red-brown, almost just like in oberthuri. Hindwings silky glossy white, somewhat dusky towards
the margin with fine dark marginal line and whitish fringes. Cyrenaica (Tobruk). Probably only a subspecies
of the preceding.

4. Genus: Clheligalea Hmps.

C. scopariae Dorfm. (Vol. 3, p. Ill, pi. 29 a). The species should be denominated as indicated and not scopariac.
fuchsiana Ev. as I have already explained under that species, which is a genuine Gucullia. As the small species
was not well illustrated, we are giving a better picture here (16 e). The asiatic localities are probably mostly
referable to fuchsiana and at present it is impossible to give any exact particulars of the distribution of this
species, which is chiefly found in Austria, Hungary and western Asia, scopariae is smaller and sleeker than
fuchsiana, the stigmata are less distinctly whitish, claviform stigma entirely absent, the area behind same is
hot paler than the rest of the wing. A distinct posterior transverse line is always present in its entire extent.

On the margin there are separate thick black marginal streaks which in fuchsiana form a continuous brown
marginal line.

6. Genus : l^oplioierges Hmps.

L. millierei Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. Ill, pi. 28 b). The illustration in the Main Volume is not recognisable,
we are giving a fresh illustration of this rare species (15 k). — horhammeri Wgnr. has a pronouncedly brownish
and not blue-grey ground colour. The reddish streak situate near the margin before the reniform stigma, is
absent; the costal streak is not whitish but grey-brown, the black markings are more clearly discernible. From
Asia Minor (Anatolia). Probably a transition to the subsequent centralasiae Stgr. which is more definitely a
genuine species.

■millierei.

hor¬

hammeri.

L. centralasiae Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 112). We are able to give an illustration of this interesting species (15 k). central-

do yellowish grey form
siderably from the much darker deep reddish brown centralasiae.

aksuensis A. B.-H. (15 1) is a still more pale yellowish grey form from the desert around Aksu, it varies con- .•

L. fatua Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 112)
giving a good illustration (15 1).

This fine species was not illustrated in the Main Volume, we are now fatua.

8. Genus: ffypoim'cia Stgr.

H. quadrivirgula Mab. (Vol. 3, p. 112). We are now able to give an illustration of a typical specimen, quadri-
— jordana Stertz (15 1) has much paler grey forewings, in outer marginal area there are 6 — 8 irregular striations vd'gula.
that become shorter towards the top. The white streaks at anal angle are more numerous and are irregularly
enwidened forming spots. Hindwings are rather less whitish and the marginal line is distincter, underside
paler. The $ has much more narrow and darker dusky grey forewings and dark grey hindwings. From the
Valley of the Jordan in Palestine.

126

ALLOMECIA; COPIPHANA; HARPAGOPHANA ; METOPOCERAS. By Dr. M. Deattdt.

lithoxylea.

gajsanci.

albina.

blachieri.

intermedia.

h Haris.

picturata.

beata.

canteneri.

pallidior.

pillcti.

du seutrei.

khalildja.

8 a. Genus: Allomecia Dumont.

This Genus was created for a specimen described as a Hypomecia, differing from the preceding Genus
by the A antennae which have bolder serrations in place of the bipectinations of H . quadrivirgula . Further, the
palpi are straight and porrect, not extending over the frons and differing by the blunt final segment.

A. lithoxylea A. B.-H. (15 1). A large boldly built species with whitish grey or ochreous yellow forewings
faintly dusted with fuscous and with the veins delicately outlined in black and partially with whitish. A short
basal streak is boldly black. Orbicular stigma is absent or elongated, reniform stigma is only indicated by a
faint yellowish shade or is absent. Below the cell in the centre of the wing are one or two black striations,
similarly in the marginal area which also has an oblique dark apical streak. Fringes with dark checks. Hind-
wings pure white with faintly darker marginal line. Algeria (Batna).

9. Genus: Copiphana Hmps.

C. gafsana Blach. (= gassana Hmps.) (Vol. 3, p. 112). This extraordinarily variable little species is
being illustrated here from a typical specimen (15 1). — albina A. B.-H. forms a transition to the following
form: forewings chalky white with faint yellowish luxe, transverse lines faint and delicately indicated, the pos¬
terior line with black striations on veins, also the veins of the marginal area are delicately black. From S. Tunis.

- blachieri Obth. is the extreme form of the preceding with snowy white wings, only the veins are faintly and
delicately indicated, the transverse markings are absent. It is found chiefly in the desert districts of Algeria
and Tunisia in March and April. — intermedia Bothsch. denotes further intermediate forms varying between
the main type and albina : markings are completely developed, but paler, on paler ground.

10. Genus: Harpag op liana Hmps.

H. hilaris Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 113). This species was not illustrated in the Main Volume and we are now
giving an illustration of a specimen in the Pungeler collection (15 1).

H. picturata Bothsch. (Vol. 3, p. 113), this species should be removed. It actually belongs in th eQuadri-
finae Genus: Metopistis Warr.

11. Genus : Uletopoceras Guen.

M. beata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 113). We are now able to give an illustration of this rare species (16 e).

M. canteneri Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 113, pi. 28 b). The illustration in Main Volixme is quite unrecognisable, a
better illustration is given here (16 f). The various species of this group require further investigation in regard
to their generic classification, for instance canteneri would seem to belong to the Quadrifinae on account of its
bold vein 5 of hindwings that arises from centre of discocellular. — pallidior Bothsch. is the common paler form
from central Algeria (Guelt es-Stel, Bou Saada) in April, May.

M. pilleti Bours. (16 f) reminds one of felicina, but is much paler with scarcely visible transverse lines
and with black hindwings having white fringes. The still paler delicata has almost whitish hindwings. Thorax
reddish brown intermixed with violet scales, abdomen grey. Hindwings monotonous fuscous, the small round
orbicular stigma brighter than ground colour, similarly the large reniform stigma with paler centre. Between
the two a faint central shade, the postmedian area inclined to be darker. Subterminal line indicated by a row
of paler dots, space posterior to same a very pale violet-rose. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Syria (Valley of the
Euphrates), occurring in November.

M. du seutrei Obth. is very variable. The coloxxr may be reddish brown, ochreoxxs yellow or pale yellow-
grey. It most resembles felicina which however is much less variable and has a much more robust structure.
Anterior transverse line delicate, scarcely undulate, contrasting only little from grouird colour. Also the central
shade is barely discernible. Stigmata small, orbicular being only a brown dot. Posterior transverse line forms
a distinct arc, it is fine and consists of small crescents. The subterminal line is parallel to same but less distinct.
Hindwings darker than in felicina, widely blackish at margin. From Morocco (Mrassine), occurring from March
to May.

M. khalildja Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 1 13, pi. 24 b). The illustration is not good, a better one is given here (16 f)
The species is much more widely distributed, eastwards as far as Egypt, there the central area is much more
heavily blackish than in the subsequent gypsata, which was described as a genuine species.

AMMETOPA; CLEOPHANA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

127

M. gypsata Trti. (16 f) is very probably only a form of the preceding with much heavier and more den- gypsaia.
sely blackened central area, as the numerous egyptian specimens which I have before me show the same charact¬
eristic and certainly belong to khalildja. gypsata was described as being smaller and less robustly built, the
ground colour with a more roseate hue, but this latter feature also occurs in the very variable khalildja; these
specimens with a more roseate hue are named — roseata Trti., the black central area in these specimens is roseaia.
usually somewhat paler, more yellowish brown. Apparently there are 2 broods in the Cyrenaica.

M. albarracina Hrnps. ( hubaceki Schaw.) (16 f) most closely resembles khalildja but is immediately albar-
distinguishable from same by the covering of the thorax that consists solely of hairy scales. In khalildja it is
richly intermixed with wide spatulate scales having white dentate tips or black ends; albarracina is more red¬
dish grey-brown in colouration, the arrangement of the markings is almost identical, only the dark central
band usually appears considerably narrower. It however varies considerably in width and may also be quite
extinct. Hindwings appear to be darker in comparison to the relatively pale forewings. Spain (Albarracin;

Sierra de Alfcar near Granada).

M. morosa Bothsch. most closely resembles omar (Vol. 3, p. 114, pi. 24 e). Body brownish deep reddish morosa.
grey like the forewings, these latter have yellowish spots along the costa. Anterior transverse line treble con¬
sisting of 2 black-brown lines with an intermediate orange line. Posterior transverse line dark deep reddish
brown, curved, outwardly with impure yellow edge, more excurved than in omar. Hindwings dark grey to
dusky blackish in outer third, with dark fulvous fringes. Wing expanse: 30 mm; Algeria, in April.

12. Genus: Aniinetopa Hmps.

In this Genus a considerable confusion has arisen by a misconception regarding codeti Obth., which
Hampson had not recognised and which should be placed in the Genus: Bryomima with another small species
for which Hampson particularly created his Genus Ammetopa.

A. codeti Hmps. (nec Obth. !). The description and illustration given by Warren in Vol. 3, p. 114, pi. 24 c codeti.
actually refer to Oberthur's Bryomima codeti, which actually looks somewhat similar but is anatomically
widely different. Hampson’s description of his species reads: thorax white, suffused with fuscous, abdomen
yellowish white, brownish black dorsally with yellowish anal tuft. Forewings white, dusted with fuscous, with
faint transverse lines, the anterior one double and delicately undulate, the posterior line finely dentate, less
distinct, curved in a wide arc round the obsolete reniform stigma; orbicular stigma in the form of a narrow pale
ring, posterior to same an indistinct median line. Subterminal line only indicated by a faintly darker shade.
Whitish hindwings dusted with brownish black, base of fringes yellowish, extremities white. Wing expanse:

26 mm. Apparently this is a very rare species from Biskra (Oued Amrah), captured in March and April, also
occurring in Morocco.

13. Genus: Oeopliana Bsd.

C. chabordis Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 114, pi. 24 e). The illustrations are relatively good. The species is common chdbordis.
in the southern desert districts of Algeria. — niveata Obth. is a synonym to albicans Stgr. Transition forms

are named by Rothschild — settiialbicans. Algeria and Tunisia; March to June. semi¬

albicans.

C. baetica Rbr. (Vol. 3, p. 114, pi. 24 e). — diluta Bothsch. ( 1 6 f ) denotes specimens from Algeria and diluta.
Tunisia which are considerably paler than european races; occurring March to May. The same race is found
in the Taurus (Marash). — sardoa Trti. (16 f) is the race from Sardinia with almost monotonous black-brown sardoa.
ground colour, the lunule spot in the cell only indicated, neither so white nor so wide as in C. baetica, also the
white marginal raylike streaks which are less elongate. It occurs end of April. — According to Rothschild a
hybrid between baetica and Amephana warionis has been captured in April at Guelt es-Stel. Markings are
midway between the 2 and wing contour more closely resembles baetica, colour however is suffused with green.

C. pectinicornis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 114, pi. 24 f). — youngi Bothsch. has a more truncate build and darker youngi.
colouration, basal half of forewings quite black; also the outer area of hindwings is much more widely dark.

Morocco (Bou-Regreg) ; occurring in April, May.

C. opposita Led. (Vol. 3, p. 114, pi. 24 f). — obscurior Osth. Whilst the typical opposita has a pale grey obscurior.
basal area, specimens occasionally occur with same as darkly blackish as the median area. Transition forms
also frequently occur. Described from Marash (Taurus).

C. diffluens Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 24 f). The illustration was poor, we are giving a fresh one here
(16 g). — lusitanica Culot (16 g) differs by the much darker, almost violet black-brown forewings, in some lusitanica.

128

METALOPHA; AMEPHANA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

maure-

taniae.

versicolor.

jaiima.

affinis.

banghaasi.

gloriosa.

intradeleta.

extradeleta.

grisea.

ingloria.

lilurata.

pallida.

dalmatica.

specimens the basal half is a still deeper black, markings being very indistinct. Portugal, Soalheiras, Caldas
de Manchique. — mauretaniae Rothsch. differs by the absence of any reddish brown tinge; whilst in lusitanica
the entire wing is black, in mauretaniae the outer area is pale grey-brown, only the basal half is deeply black
and the 2 shades are distinctly separated. Algeria and Tunisia in May.

C. versicolor Stgr. (16 g) is a completely different species and not a form of diffluens; it occurs next
to the form mauretaniae of same. It is small, forewings yellowish red-brown in basal and marginal areas. Con¬
stantine, Ain Dralxam in Tunisia and in Algeria in March, April.

€. fatima A. B.-H . (16 g) reminds one of diffluens but is differently and more brightly coloured. Small,
forewings violet-grey, admixed with orange in basal and marginal areas and especially on the bold black trans¬
verse stripes. Orbicular and reniform stigmata small and black with fine white circumscriptions. Fringes
checked in outer half with a distinct dividing line. Hindwings grey -white, dusted with brownish at margin,
with distinct discal spot. Tunisia (Gafsa, Deliibat, Gourine, Foum-Tatahouine) : fatima most closely resembles
vaulogeri, it varies however considerably, whilst vaulogeri varies scarcely at all; the latter is a purer grey and
fringes are not checked.

C. affinis Rothscli. (16 g) is larger than fatima and has more extensive fuscous in the ground colour
and is not so grey. Head and thorax deep brown and not yellowish white. Forewings fuscous, fringes with
brown checks. The posterior transverse line is more deeply angulated especially on vein 5. The lunular streak
in the centre of the reniform stigma is brown and not black as in fatima. Hindwings yellowish grey in basal
half and not greyish white. Algeria in April, May.

G. yvanii Dug). (Vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 24 f). — banghaasi Rothsch. is a smaller darker form with bolder black
markings and almost extinct stigmata. Algeria. We are giving an illustration of — korbi Stgr. (16 g).

13a. Genus: Metalojriia Stgr.

The Genus which was dealt with in Vol. 3, p. 242, under Megalodes is by no means identical with same,
the species with the exception of eximia which remains under Megalodes , should be classified here, as on account
of their general appearance and the ciliated eyes they belong to the Gucullia. Apart from the ciliated eyes the
other anatomical characteristics agree with those of Megalodes, and especially the long extended 3-pointed
process of the frons is characteristic.

Generic type: M. gloriosa Stgr.

M. gloriosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 242, pi. 48 i). As the illustration is too indistinct we are illustrating this
fine species again (16 g). Latterly it has been captured in quantities at Marash. — intradeleta Osth. the inner
transverse line is extinct so that the olive-green basal area is contingent to the red median area without any
dividing line. — extradeleta Osth. is the reverse form, the outer transverse line is absent; in this case the outer
area is unicoloured olive-green to the reddish dusted margin so that a continuous wide olive-green band extends
from the median transverse line to the margin. It is only interrupted towards the margin by the whitish dusted
veins. — grisea Osth. are small specimens with reduced red markings and the olive-green areas also are a pale
whitish grey. Hindwings pale whitish grey. Apparently this is a rare variety.

M. ingloria Drt. (16 h) is very similar to the preceding but the genitalia differ. A small species with
dark olive-grey ground colour and only occasional traces of violet-red colouration. Thorax dark greenish
grey -black, collar and tuft on metathorax flushed faintly with reddish. Discal area widely peppered with
whitish. Postmedian line is less oblique and at the inner margin it turns outwards. Stigmata are larger than
in gloriosa and with white circumscriptions on grey-green ground. Marginal veins are more heavily marked
with white. Hindwings dark grey-brown with fringes of the same shade. Palestine (Jerusalem).

M. liturata Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 243, pi. 48 k). The illustration in Main Volume is unrecognisable, we are
giving a better illustration here (16 h). This nice species is also relatively common at. Marash. It is found there
in the day time at rest on Salvia plants that have a violet flower. In May and Jime.

M. kashmirensis Hamps. (Vol. 3, p. 243, pi. 48 k).

14. Genus: Amephaiia Hmps.

A. anarrhini Dap. (Vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 24 g). — ab. pallida Schwing, is based on a specimen having pale
fore and hindwings, outer half of forewings is almost white; the olive-brown markings of normal specimens
are a pale brown in this form. Described from Albarracin.

A. aurita F. (Vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 24 g). — dalmatica Rbl. is a larger darker form with wider discal area
and larger black triangular reniform stigma; hindwings are darker grey with a more distinct postmedian on
the underside. Described from Dalmatia.

Publ. 20. VII. 1034.

OMPHALOPHANA; CALOPHASIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

129

15. Genus: Oinplialopliaiia Hmps.

0. antirrhini Him. (Vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 24 g). — asiatica Oslh. (16 h) is smaller, more frail and much ashiih-a.
paler than the austrian type race. Base and marginal areas more whitish, central area narrower and with
blackish dusting, thus rather more prominent. Marash (Taurus); still more extreme whitish specimens from
Konia.

0. durnalayaraa Osth. (16 h) most closely resembles antirrhini , but it has more elongate and narrower durna-
forewings with more pointed apex. Forewings pale whitish grey-blue with darker grey central area and
with olive-yellowish interspersions at margin. The anterior transverse line is double, consisting of 4 arcs. The
outer liue is also double and distinct. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are paler with rather darker centres.

The black marginal streaks are faint and short. Fringes pale olive-grey with white checks. Hindwings paler
than in antirrhini, with wide grey-brown marginal band and unicoloured whitish fringes, without checks.

From Marash (Taurus), April to June.

0. serrata Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 116, pi. 24 g). pallidior Roth.sch. is larger and much paler, ground colour pallidior.
is inclined to grey-white with ashy grey marginal area and long white rays. Algeria and Tunis.

0. pauli Stcjr. (Vol. 3, p. 116, pi. 28 b). The illustration in Main Volume is unrecognisable, we are pauh.
giving here a better illustration of this easily distinguishable small species (16 h).

0. adamantine. Blach. (Vol. 3, p. 116). We are now illustrating this nice species (16 h). adaman-

tina.

0. atiatolica Led. (Vol. 3, p. 116, pi. 29 b). The illustration was poor and we are giving a better one anatolica.
here of an italian specimen.

16. Genus: (lalophasia Steph.

C. acuta Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 116, pi. 29 b). The illustration was much too dark and also not good in other acuta.
respects and is now replaced by a better one (16 i).

G. lunula Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 116, pi. 29 b). — atrifascia Rbl. has much darker central area, that gives the atrifascia.
impression of being a black band. — rd grata Kiefer (= melanotica Strd., atrivestis Dhl.) are very large speci- nigrata.
mens with heavily blackish ground colour, which submerges the markings. These are common everywhere.

— stempfferi Bours. is a somewhat similar form, also of generally grey-black colouration, without any yellowish stempfferi.
or brownish tone, all markings diffuse, only the claviform stigma distinct as a dainty black longitudinal streak
having a somewhat whitish edge outwardly. Both transverse lines are only indicated at inner margin, the
ground colour between them being a shade darker. The subterminal sagittate marks are quite absent, only
an oblique apical shade is visible. East Pyrenees captured at an altitude of 1700 m. — cana Dhl. with very cana.
pale, white-grey ground colour with a tinge of bluish and pale olive-grey markings, all shades soft and appearing
almost unicolourous. Hindwings pale with wide marginal band and sharply outlined anterior edge. Central
Italy, Transylvania, as an aberration also from the S. Tyrol. - bilunulata Warn, has besides the white reni- bihmulata.
form stigma, also a brilliantly white orbicular stigma with black surround. The basal area is heavily suffused
with white. Described from the Ussuri territory (Bikin), but also occurring as an aberration elsewhere.

C. kraussi Rbl. (Vol. 3, p. 117, pi. 24 g). The illustration leaves a lot to be desired and a better one kraussi.
is given here (16 i). The species is very variable in general colouration: — brunnea Rothsch. is like the type, brunnea.
but completely suffused with brown. albo-ochracea Rothsch. are whitish specimens with ochreous reddish (,lbo-
markings. — intermedia Rothsch. (16 i) is intermediate between the type and albo-ochracea. — maozini Culot ochracca.
(16 i) denotes extreme specimens of the latter form, almost completely white, kraussi is quite common in [iiao-h'i!'"'
Algeria and Tunisia from March to May.

C. almoravida Grasl. (Vol. 3, p. 117, pi. 28 b) also occurs in Sicily and Sardinia. The illustration was almoravida.
a bad copy, we are giving a better picture here (16 i). — raigrella Trti. is the Sardinian form, somewhat smaller nigrella.
than type, darker grey with darker markings, somewhat corresponding to the form olbiena of platyptera.

C. hamifera Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 117, pi. 29 b). — chleuha Le Cerf is somewhat larger, black markings chleiiha.
more precise and complete, expanding in central area to upper wall of cell; at the inner edge there is a fine
black line, angulated at lower wall of cell, at outer edge a black central line. In same is the white elongate
orbicular stigma, also the reniform stigma in grey ground with sharply black inner edge. Apex subdivided
by a black streak. Marginal area above vein 2 black. Central Atlas.

0. platyptera Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 117, pi. 29 b). — signata Costni. is a darker, more clearly marked form, signata.
The markings appear more shaded and partially diffuse. Mte Gibbio, in May. — platyptera occurs in 3 gen¬
erations in the Taurus (Marash), of which each successive brood is paler than the preceding one. This would
seem to confirm the opinion that subalbida is the summer brood.

Supplementary Vol. 3 17

130

PFEIFFERELLA; LEUCOCHLAENA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

barthae. C. barthae Wgnr. is like platyptera and especially the subalbida form of same and hamifera, but it

is more sleekly built and the dark shade at anal angle and along inner margin is completely absent. Forewings
uniformly pale grey. In apical area below the point there are 2 short black longitudinal streaks and 2 longer
ones below the centre with a similar basal streak. Only the orbicular and claviform stigmata are finely out¬
lined by black, reniform is absent. Fringes whitish with dark checks. Hindwings grey, darker at margin with
faint central spot. The species is no doubt a transition to the following three species, which all closely resemble
one another. Wing expanse (according to the illustration): 27 mm. Described from 2 specimens from Akshehir
(Anatolia).

stigmatica. C. stigmatica Bothsch. (— pintori Trti., volmeri M. Bering) (16 i). A smaller species related to the

preceding. Body and forewings whitish blue-grey with 2 black basal streaks. Both transverse lines indistinctly
double. The stigmata somewhat paler than the ground, especially the claviform stigma, with fine black sur¬
rounds. The orbicular stigma is elongated. In marginal area an oblique shadowy stripe at apex, below same
above centre of margin, a second longer oblique shade, having a faint whitish outer edge, both these shades
traversed by black longitudinal streaks. All marginal veins delicately black. Hindwings opalescent, grey-
white with dark marginal band. Algeria and Tunisia, also occurring in Cyrenaica, but apparently rare every¬
where.

danieli. C. danieli Le Cerf is very like stigmatica. Forewings ashy grey, paler at base and terminally; darker in

centre. Anterior transverse line double, consisting of 3 irregular arcs, the posterior one angulated, indistinct bet¬
ween costa and vein 4 and only consisting of black streaks on veins; in lower half distinct and black, duplicated
by a diffuse outer shade. There is a parallel central shade inwardly of same. Orbicular stigma small, longish.
reniform stigma larger, outwardly concave, with brownish centre. All three stigmata with delicate black
surrounds. Veins 1 to 4 are faintly blackened, between veins 6 and 7 a bolder sagittate streak. In the inter¬
stices there are delicate marginal sagittate marks and 2 oblique subterminal shades between 1 and 3. Hind¬
wings pale yellowish grey, darker at margin. Wing expanse: 26 mm. Marakash.

liberal ii. C. liberatii Ttri. (16 i) belongs to the same group but is smaller. Forewings monotonous ashy grey,

the black markings being less prominent and very delicate. Reniform stigma very small with pale centre and
dark central dot. Orbicular stigma also small and claviform is somewhat paler grey with a thin black basal
streak anteriorly. Below the apex is an oblique row of black intercostal sagittate marks, submarginally near
anal angle there are further black sagittate streaks. Hindwings dark smoky grey, still darker in §, with whitish
fringes. Wing expanse: 19 — 20 mm. Bengasi (Cyrenaica) in February.

biroi. C. casta Bill. (Vol. 3, p. 117, pi. 29 c). In — ab. biroi Aigner basal area of forewings is whitish grey

castior. and the central shade extends towards the apex. Hungary. - castior Stdr. has basal area of forewings white,
but otherwise the white colouration is also extended and the brown is heavily interspersed with white. Mar¬
ginal band of hindwings is very narrow, especially in Spalato.

16a. Genus: I*feiflferella Osth.

This forms a transition to the subsequent Genera owing to the completely absent proboscis. Clypeus
smooth; palpi very short, straight and porrect, with dense hairs on underside; <$ antennae very elongate, bi-
pectinated from two-thirds length of costa to tip, in $ serrate ciliate. Thorax and body sleek with coarse hairs,
in the A with bold anal tuft, in 9 with somewhat protruding ovipositor, the first abdominal segment with loose
crest. Tibiae without spurs. The neuration does not vary from the usual arrangement, on hindwings veins
6 and 7, frequently also 3 and 4 with short stalks. Apart from the absence of the proboscis, it does not vary
from the Genus Bombycia and it is very similar to B. chretieni. Only 1 species:

< jracilis . PC gracilis Osth. (16 i). Forewings whitish silvery grey, the costal area from base to apex, including

the stigmata, rather darker grey. Transverse lines are absent or only very faintly indicated. The stigmata
brownish white with delicate black surrounds, reniform stigma of rectangular shape. On costa there are a few
blackish striations and between them small white costal dashes in the outer one-third. Veins in marginal area
and marginal line delicately black. A somewhat oblique bold black streak above anal angle. Fringes whitish
at base with dark grey tips, white at extremities of veins. Hindwings pure white in $ with fine black marginal
line; grey in $, widely dusky at margin. The ^ has a somewhat reddish brown tinge on the rather darker
wings, more especically between the stigmata. Described from Marash (Taurus), occurring in September
and October.

17. Genus: T^encoolilaeiia I-Imps.

]ltir _ L. horhammeri Wgnr. most closely resembles fallax Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 1 1 S, pi. 2S D) but is immediately

hammeri. distinguishable by the complete absence of the wide white subterminal line in marginal area of forewings. The
other white markings merge in the blackish grey ground colour. Claviform stigma is rather darker than

LEUCOCHLAENA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

131

ground, whilst in fallax it is paler. Reniform stigma is narrower and not extended along mediana. Hindwings
pure white, sometimes faintly dusky at margin. Captured at Akschehir in Anatolia in September.

L. oditis Him. (Vol. 3, p. 118, pi. 29 c). This species has meanwhile been subdivided into quite a number oditis.
of different species. Firstly hispida Hbn.-G. is to be removed from the synonyms; oditis is a genuine species;
it is smaller than hispida , with brown forewings, veins, transverse lines and stigmata yellowish white to
ochreous yellow; hindwings grey-white, dusky at margin, somewhat darker in discal lunule and postmedian
band indicated. As the illustration does not represent the type, we are giving a correct illustration here (16k).

Nothing definite can yet be said as to its distribution, owing to the confusion prevailing regarding all the
forms of these allied species. It is certain however that oditis is the only form occurring in England. The
form — argentea Tutt is deeper brown, veins and transverse lines pure white, only stigmata somewhat more arycnlm.
yellowish, the outer transverse line inclined to be grey, the wide outer line, that is parallel to margin, is
again pure white. — pallida Tutt also belongs to oditis. It is pale grey, somewhat dusted with brown, costal pallida.
area yellowish white. Hindwings white with scarcely any darkening at margin. - obsoleta Tutt has darker obsohla.
grey-brown forewings, the markings are reduced and faint. All these forms are from England. — intermedia intermedia.
Tutt (16 k) is the continental form from France, Spain, Italy etc. It is distinguishable by its less bluish brown
ground colour. It is usually larger with wider wings and generally less contrasting markings. The orbicular
stigma however stands out prominently pale.

L. hispida Hbn.-G. (16 k) is a different species. It is larger, wings are wider, orbicular stigma more hispida.
prominently yellow-red. The pale veins are narrower. The subterminal area is scarcely paler than marginal
area, whilst in oditis it is distinctly paler. The white submarginal line often gives the impression of being
undulate, whilst in oditis it is always quite straight. Hindwings usually purer white, in J with more distinct
subterminal band, in $ a postmedian line is generally more distinct. — purpurascens Trti. has a deeper black- par-
brown ground colour, faintly suffused with rose, veins and transverse lines scarcely prominent, stigmata with vurasccns.
delicate white surrounds. — rufescens Trti. on the other hand is fuscous, no rosy hue, stigmata and subterminal rufescens.
area a rusty brown, veins and transverse lines reddish brown and not white, only the subterminal line remains
white. To this must be added: — hispanica Warr. placed in the Main Volume to oditis, it is a somewhat smaller hispanica.
rather paler brown form with all lines, veins and stigmata ochreous yellow, instead of white. — blanca Ribbe blanca.
is much paler in general colouration, the stigmata and lines similarly are not white, but yellowish, hindwings
pure white. Andalusia. Also here nothing definite can be laid down in regard to the distribution. It certainly
occurs in Spain, Sicily (especially in the forms purpurascens and rufescens) and N. Africa. — jordana Stgr. is jordana.
a further form, it is smaller with almost pure white hindwings. From Palestine (Valley of the Jordan).

L. seposita Trti. (16 k) is a further genuine species. Forewings black-brown, veins and transverse lines seposita.
grey, diffuse, the subterminal line consisting of yellowish white lunules, anteriorly to each of which there is
a black cuneiform mark. The surrounds to stigmata are yellowish white. The grey fringes are intersected by
white at extremities of veins. The transverse lines converge more closely than in the other species towards the
inner margin and the pale inner marginal longitudinal streak is practically absent. Hindwings are greyer
and the inner margin more definitely hairy, rather paler towards base. Posterior to discal spot there is a
central line, that is parallel to the one at margin. From Sicily (Nicolosi). — rhodina Trti. from Calabria, rhodina.
Cosenza is more suffused with rose and therefore the colours appear richer. Veins and markings are deeper
yellowish white and not so grey.

L. turatii Schaw. (16 k) appears to me to be a genuine species. It is probably closest to seposita. Ground turatii.
colour is darker, black-brown, only the orbicular stigma is somewhat yellow. Hindwings are much darker,
often having a straight dark transverse band. Underside, especially of forewings, is much blacker. From Corsica
(Evisa and Vizzavona).

L. machlyum Trti. (16 k). This is a smaller, more gracefully built species of uniformly pale brown machlyum.
ground colouration, but with darkened central area between stigmata and inner margin, in which all the pale
veins are absent. The stigmata are purer white with fainter centres. Reniform stigma wider and inclined to
be rectangular. The outer transverse line is less sharply dentate, subterminal line is formed of white lunules
as in hispidus. Hindwings not pure white, but brownish. — luteosignata Trti. is a form with yellowish stigmata lutco-
and subterminal line. Apparently widely distributed in Algeria and deemed by Rothschild to be hirsuta. signata.
Also occurring in Cyrenaica (Berea).

L. rosinae Bhtsch. (161) has narrower wings with more oblique margin, coarsely scaled, brownish grey, rosinae.
both transverse lines sharply dentate, stigmata faintly paler, ground colour dark grey-brown before and beyond
the orbicular stigma. Subterminal line irregularly dentate with anterior blackish sagittate streaks. There
are small black triangles before the white marginal line. Fringes intersected bv pale patches. Hindwings pale
brownish grey, almost whitish with discal spot and blackish marginal line. From Russian Armenia (lvulp)
and bred from larvae by Mrs. Rosine Korb.

L. rasilis Drt. (16 1) is very close to rosinae. Head and thorax pale brownish, abdomen somewhat paler, rasilis.
Forewings pale brown, densely speckled with brown, darkest in central area. Transverse lines black, the post-

132

ULOCHLAENA; DERTHISA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

hirta.

sareptana.

rubellina.

trimacula.

tersina.

denti-

macula.

hispana.

ruscino-

nensis.

cineras-

cens.

unicolor.

alba.

cnloti.

teriolensis.

griseo-

violacea.

lilascens.

flavo-

signata.

ramburi.

elvira.

osseata.

gruneri.

rubrcscens.

haema-

pasta.

erior one irregularly dentate, forming a bold arc round the reniform stigma, touching the lower angle of same
and then extending almost vertically in 3 small dentations to inner margin. Stigmata white with fine black
surrounds and brown centres, the reniform stigma is almost rectangular. Marginal area pale brown with pale
grey dusted veins. Subterminal line very irregularly dentate, parallel to margin and with grey inner edge.
Bold black triangular marks along margin. Fringes outwardly with checks. Hindwings whitish, peppered
with grey-brown towards margin, with brownish marginal line and whitish fringes. Palestine and Syria.

18. Genus: ITloclilacna Led.

U. hirta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 119, pi. 29 d). The illustration is rather clumsy and colours too dark. We
are giving a better illustration here (16 1), also of the wingless

19. Genus: 8>er(liisa Wkr.

D. sareptana Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 119, pi. 29 e). The illustration was a copy from Hampson, which does
not truly represent this species, that is very like lederi. We are giving a fresh picture here (16 1). During the
last years this species has been captured in quantities by Fritz Wagner at Akshehir, where it comes to light
at night at end of September/October. The $$ fly at dusk, the <$<$ only at dawn. It is subject to great
variations. The colouration of forewings varies from yellowish or pale reddish sandy to bold deep fuscous. -
rubellina Wejnr. is a red form, somewhat of the shade of Antitype argillaceago . The distinctness of the markings
also varies as in lederi. The dark thorax is not so characteristic, as stated in Main Volume, as the constricted
orbicular stigma, the lower half of which is situate below the mediana.

D. trimacula Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 119, pi. 29 e). This is rather a difficult species, it seems to embrace
two species, which are not easily distinguishable, trimacula is larger on the average and is more robustly built
with darker grey-brown hindwings. The dark undulate marginal line, which is absent, according to Zerny,
seems nevertheless to occur equally frequently in both species, if I may judge from the large number of speci¬
mens before me. The genitalia differ from those of ramburi. trimacula is exceedingly variable. The forms
enumerated in the Main Volume probably all refer to trimacula , excepting gruneri, which should be placed
to ramburi, unless it should prove to be a genuine species. According to Culot the type is the yellowish or
reddish blue-grey form with the blackish grey patch between the stigmata. — tersina Stgr. is ashy grey with
2 black patches before the orbicular and reniform stigmata (16 1). — dentimaeula Hbn. (17 a) is dark grey -black,
the orbicular stigma has a single cuneiform projection below the mediana, whilst below reniform stigma there
are 2 such projections. — hispana Bsd. (= meridionalis Calb.) is similarly marked, but paler lilac grey. -
ruscinonensis Obth. (17 a) also similarly marked but much paler, especially hindwings. — cinerascens Obtk. is
quite pale yellowish grey, whilst — unicolor Hup. (17 a) is more reddish brown, both completely devoid of
markings. — alba Fdz. (17 a) is a pure white form with markings merely indicated and dark hindwings. -
culoti Ragusa is a deep red form, quite unicoloured and almost devoid of markings. Navarra. Probably the
same as the subsequent teriolensis, which would then become a synonym. teriolensis Hartig (17 a) is such
a rich dee]) red-brown that the black markings almost merge in ground colour. This is the most extreme of
the red forms. South Tyrol, but I also have a specimen from Chodau (Bohemia). — griseoviolacea Wgnr. is
a peculiar violet-grey with reddish fringes, markings although only indicated as in the usual red forms,
classified as glaucina. S. Dalmatia. — lilascens Schaw. is probably very like the former, ground colour a nice
pale grey-lilac, stigmata and veins reddish, fringes of forewings rufous. Generally also there are interspersions
of rufous scales, especially towards base. Hindwings grey with whitish grey fringes. Albarracin. — flavosignata
Trti. is a form of the above mentioned rufous glaucina, which has stigmata finely but definitely outlined by
yellow. From the Apennines of Modena, also from around Como.

D. ramburi Zerny (= hispana Rbr. nec Bsd.) (17 a). This is the second species, rather smaller and more
daintily built, with paler and purer white hindwings and different genitalia. To be classified here are: - elvira
Schaw. with pale ochreous yellow, reddish dusted forewings, orbicular and reniform stigmata with red sur¬
rounds, reddish fringes and a row of red dots before margin, anterior to which there is a rufous transverse
line. Hindwings pale yellowish white with rosy fringes. Albarracin. — osseata Culot (17 b) is a pale yellow
form with small brownish patches before and beyond the orbicular stigma. — gruneri Bsd. (= albida Obth.)
(17 b) is pure white with 2 brown cell spots. — rubrescens Culot is almost devoid of markings and a pale cin¬
namon brown form. All these forms are found especially in N. Africa (Algeria and Tunisia).

D. haemapasta Hmps. Thorax fulvous, abdomen inclined to buff. Forewings yellow- white, dusted
with fulvous, bright red in basal area with a dark streak along inner margin. The blackish antemedian is
faintly undulate, the cell deep red between and beyond the stigmata. The stigmata yellow-white with red
centres and laterally edged by black, both of the same shape as in trimacula i. e. extending below the cell.
The black posterior transverse line somewhat dentate. The white subterminal line has a deep red inner edge

CATASEMA; ONCOCNEMIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

133

towards the costa. On the margin there is a row of dark brown lunules. Extremities of fringes dark brown.
Hindwings yellow-wliite. Wing expanse: 3G mm. Tripoli, Cyrenaica.

D. lederi Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 119, pi. 29 f). Like the preceding species, this is also very variable. The icdcri.
illustration in Main Volume of the depicts a transition to the paler reddish grey form — discors Stgr., of discors.
which we are now illustrating a typical $ (17 b). The correct type form, which would correspond to the original
description, we are illustrating (17 b) and we are also giving a picture of — coneots Stgr. (17 b) the almost con cor. s-.
unicolourous yellowish white form that is devoid of markings. All these forms occur commonly at Marash.

— bistrigata Obth. from the same locality is a grey-white delicately marked form. It is a unicolourous white bislrujata.

$ with stigmata barely indicated and only 2 distinct black transverse lines. We are illustrating a similar specimen

(17 b). — rosea Trti. differs from the reddish form rubellina, by its cinnamon brown colouration. Berka. rosea.

D. amasina Hrnps. is now indicated as occurring also at Marash, although this is not definitely certain, amasina.
Forewings are fairly wide, dark red with bluish grey sheen and very diffuse markings. Hindwings pure white.

D. antherici Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 120, pi. 28 c). The illustration was bad, we are reproducing a specimen anthcrici.
from the Pungeler collection (17 c).

D. scoriacea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 120, pi. 29 f, g). — ab. obliterata Trti. has extinct transverse lines, their oblilerata.
course is only indicated by a slight paleness. Also the pale subterminal line is only indicated, ground colour
is a monotonous brown, the rufous centre of reniform stigma is absent. The discal area is only slightly darker
at its edges. From the Apennines of Modena.

D. korsakovi Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 120, pi. 29 g). Like the preceding species, this is also subject to great korsakovi.
variation. A blue-grey form is given as the name type. Generally only the anterior of the two black transverse
lines is distinct and especially prominently black anterior to orbicular stigma. The posterior line is either
absent or merely indicated. However both lines may be completely absent. — paenulata Chr. is not a synonym, paenulata.
It denotes the very pale ivory coloured form. - transversa Wgnr. is with cream coloured ground, both trails- transversa.
verse lines rufous to dark brown and very clearly marked. Also the fringes are rusty brown. — unicolor ferru- unicolor.
ginea Wgnr. (17 c) is unicoloured yellow to fulvous, all markings more or less extinct, only the dark dot before Urrugmea.
the orbicular stigma is usually retained. Akshehir and Marash.

D. murina A. B.-H. has most resemblance to korsakovi, but is much smaller. It has much narrower marina.
wings and a very different, monotonous grey ground colouration, sparsely speckled with black. The inner
transverse line is indicated by 3 minute black dots, one on costa, one each in and under the cell. The posterior
transverse line is faint and vestigial. In place of reniform stigma there is a small black transverse line. On
the margin there are black dots. Fringes are somewhat paler grey. Hindwings pure white in basal half with
wide clearly outlined blackish marginal band. Abdomen white. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Syr-Darja (Aulie-ata).

19a. Genus: Catascma Stgr.

This Genus, which was omitted in Main Volume, differs only very little from the preceding. Actually
only through the entirely different wing contour and otherwise it corresponds anatomically with Derthisa,
so that fundamentally it coidd only lay claim to being a Subgenus. Only 1 species:

C. vulpina Stgr. (16 h). This interesting species, the only two types of which have been kindly submitted vulpina.
to me by Mr. O. Bang-Haas for examination, has much more elongate wing contour with widely protracted
apex and very oblique margin. Antennae of with medium long pectinations, of $ only simple. Colour pale
yellowish fulvous, somewhat darker in $ with paler costal and outer marginal areas. Both stigmata small and
pale. The anterior transverse line forms 3 very long pointed dentations. The posterior line is faintly curved
with fine dentations and with a slightly darker inner shade. Subterminal line is almost parallel to margin.

The area anterior to the faintly lighter checked fringes, is almost whitish. Hindwings darker at base than in
the whitish marginal region, separated from same by a distinct dark central line. Further there is a dark sub¬
terminal band. West Turkestan.

20. Genus: Oiicocnemls Led.

0. exacta Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 120, pi. 28 c). The illustration was a poor copy of an inadequate picture, exacta.
We are giving a good illustration here (17 c).

0. tnongolica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 120). This is not a form of exacta , but certainly a genuine species. Ac- momjolica.
cording to Boursin's investigations the genitalia are different and further the hindwings and the entirely

134

CERAPODA; BRACHIONYCHA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

nigricula.

strioligcra.

aejyptiaca.

linstowi.
tcstacca.
obscura.
alp ina.

megala.

eugrapho-

mena.

jezoensis.

amurensis.

syriaca.
sa jana.

different underside help to distinguish it. Forewings are darker but duller than in exacta. They are more
suffused with brownish and the white postmedian band is indistinct. The subterminal line is clearer in conse¬
quence of the paler marginal area. The impure white hindwings have a wide dull blackish outer margin and
they are not darker in basal area. From Uliassutai in Mongolia.

0. nigricula Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 120, pi. 28 c). This species also cannot be recognised by the old illustration.
We are giving a better one here (17 c).

0. strioligera Led. (Vol. 3, p. 121, pi. 29 c). The same applies to this species and we are illustrating
same afresh (17 d).

20a. Genus: Cerapoda Smith.

This Genus has hitherto only comprised 2 north american species, whilst now an egyptian species is
added to it. Proboscis developed, the oblique palpi with long hairs on underside, frons smooth. Antennae of
cJ serrate, ciliate. Thorax scaled, with tufts anteriorly and posteriorly. Abdomen with crest on first segment.
Tarsi with long curved spurs on outer side of the two first joints. Wing contour narrow with somewhat pro¬
tracted apex. Neuration does not vary.

Generic type: C. stylata Sm. from North America.

C. aegyptiaca Joan. (17 d). Forewings pale ashy grey, almost white in subterminal area, yellowish
red behind the reniform stigma and submedian, as well as in the stigmata. Transverse lines only very faintly
indicated or quite absent. Altogether all markings are somewhat diffuse. The medium large stigmata have
faintly darker centres. Before the more distinct yellowish subterminal line there are pointed dark sagittate
marks, the marginal area beyond same is deeper ashy grey. Fringes are widely intersected by paler patches.
Hindwings white. The larva is green with violet-red dorsal stripe. It feeds from January to March on Zilla
myagroides and buries in the sand, hiding during the daytime. It pupates in a tough cocoon and the imagines
emerge in November/December. From Cairo and Heliopolis.

22. Genus: Brachionyclia Fk.

B. sphinx Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 121, pi. 29 g). The illustration is too brown, the species is generally much
greyer. — ab. linstowi Strd. has subterminal line in dentations extending to margin and forming a white patch
at anal angle. Outwardly the dentations are filled with black. Saxony. — ab. testacea }Hch. has a buff-yellowish
ground colour instead of the white-grey. Subterminal line is retained and distinct. Berlin. — obscura Hirschke
is a very dusky form from around Vienna. — alpina Seijers is a much larger and stronger race from the Dolo¬
mites. All markings, especially those of fore wings are bolder. Hindwings with patches in the interstices. -
rnegala DM. which was described later and which is from the S. Tyrol, is probably the same. These are strik¬
ingly large grey specimens without the yellowish brown hue, with very dusky hindwings and often exceeding
the largest nubeculosa specimens in size.

B. nubeculosa Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 121, pi. 29 h). To be added to perfumosa Warr. as synonym: suffusa
Klern. — eugraphomena Stdr. is a large robust race, dark grey, without brownish tone, with heavy and distinct
black markings. From the Inn Valley. — jezoensis Mats, differs from type by an excurved black subbasal,
dentate anterior transverse line with grey-white inner edge. The claviform stigma has a white dot at end,
the inner marginal part of central area is heavily black. Orbicular stigma very small, reniform stigma very
large. Between veins 2 and 3, 4 and 5 as well as 6 and 7 there is a black spot, that however does not ex¬
tend to margin. Hokkaido. — amurensis n. subsp. (17 d) is a smaller, more brownish form with distinctly longer
and denser pectinations. I have a specimen before me from Vladivostock, now in the collection of Bang-Haas.

B. syriaca Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 121, pi. 29 g). Osthelder states of the species, that the $ is more brightly
marked, the colouring is more rich in contrast, subterminal line expands at anal angle forming a spot. Marash.

B. sajana sp. n. (17 d). Only half as large as nubeculosa, immediately distinguishable by the margin
that is not in the least undulate. Further by the distinctly continuous marginal line, which is especially distinct
on hindwings and which replaces the separated marginal spots of the precedings species. Otherwise the
colouration and arrangement of markings is very similar, but the scaling is a denser black with much less
white. There is a long bold black basal streak which projects into the lower part of the elongate claviform
stigma. Orbicular stigma is entirely absent. Reniform stigma is smaller and is placed, at right angles to costa.
The black curved line is indistinct at lower edge. Transverse lines merely indicated by shades, the posterior
line is much closer to margin. The black streaks on veins are absent, the sagittate marks before the margin
are very prominent. Hindwings uniformly thinly scaled and blackish. The black cell spot is absent. Only
1 $ from Mondy (Province of Irkutsk), East Sajan. Type in the collection of Bang-Haas.

DASYPOLIA; BOMBYCIA; HILLIA ; APOROPHYLA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

135

23. Genus: lhis(y|»»lia Hbn.

D. mitis Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 122). We are able to give an illustration of a typical specimen (17 cl). mills.

D. ferdinandi Ruhl (Vol. 3, p. 122, pi. 29 i). The illustration is fairly satisfactory, but the colour should ferdinandi.
lie greyer and the transverse lines less prominent. According to Boursin, this species, that was hitherto only
known to occur at Zermatt, also occurs in France (Bessee-sur-Durance), Hautes Alpes, at an altitude of 1000 m.

D. libanotica Drt. (17 d). This is closest to ferdinandi , but the ground colour is ochreous yellowish with libanotira
a tinge of Vermillion. Forewings are sparsely speckled with grey -blackish and whitish veins are dusted with
grey. Anterior transverse line is vertical to inner margin, undulate and dentate, brownish grey. Posterior
line is very oblicpie and sharply dentate. Orbicular stigma is absent, reniform stigma is a minute grey dot,
that has a white speck at lower end. Subterminal line is quite faint and shadow-like, only indicated by the
interspersion of a somewhat denser grey. Hindwings glossy pale yellowish grey with ochreous red fringes.

N. E. Lebanon (Zable).

D. fraterna A. B.-H. (17 e). This is a more boldly marked species. Forewings dark brownish grey, fraicrna.
speckled with whitish. The dark dentate transverse lines have whitish edges on averted sides. Orbicular and
reniform stigmata are white with faintly darker centres. Marginal area somewhat paler grey, therein the very
faint and indistinct subterminal line. Towards apex there are 3 white dashes on costa. Marginal line consists
of deep black streaks, which are interrupted by white on the veins. Fringes are paler, brownish. Hindwings
unicolourous pale brownish grey, small discal spot and a continuous marginal line. Fringes somewhat paler.

Wing expanse: 42 mm. From 1 $ from Karagai-tao.

D. templi Thnbg. (Vol. 3, p. 122, pi. 29 i). The form — alpina Rghfr. from the Abruzzi (Pescocostanzo) alpina.
is before me. They are fine large dark specimens. — variegata Trti. (17 e) is inclined to blue-grey. The trans- variegata.
verse lines are quite black without the yellowish tinge of the nomino-type. The stigmata are more distinct
and whitish. From Riga, probably an aberration, as it was captured amidst typical specimens.

D. bang-haasi Trti. (17 e) is larger than the largest specimens of templi. Forewings wider, more quadrate, bang-haasi.
more densely scaled and velvety. Grey-brown with olive tinge, somewhat admixed with yellow. The dentate
transverse lines extend as in templi , but they are almost black. The dentate yellowish subterminal line has
a heavy inner dark shade. The stigmata are only faintly indicated, fringes olive, yellowish on the dusky brown
hindwings. In November/December in Sicily (Ficuzza).

24. Genus: I&oiubycia Steph.

B. viminalis F. (Vol. 3, p. 122, pi. 29 i, k). — fabricii Strd. has basal half of forewings fulvous, — semi- fabricii.
fusca Peters. (== seminigra Culot) has the same part black. semifusca.

B. chretieni Rothsch. (= emir Obth.) (17 e). This is certainly a genuine species and not a race of vimi- chretieni.
nalis. It is smaller with distinctly sleeker and more feeble body. Dark silvery grey, all markings much fainter
and more diffuse. The black basal streak is weaker, central and marginal areas do not contrast in colour. A
somewhat oblique, heavy black streak above the anal angle is prominent; also an oblique pale apical streak,
both of which are absent in viminalis. Hindwings whitish grey in <$, dark brown-grey in From Algeria.

B. angularis Chret. is unknown to me. According to Rothschild it may be the same species as dire- angutaris.
tieni. Forewings pale bluish grey, partially peppered with brown. The anterior transverse line is interrupted,
touching the orbicular stigma. The posterior line is undulate, angulated in a point on vein 6, touching the lower
edge of reniform stigma and the point of the claviform stigma. Thence it proceeds to centre of inner margin.

The white subterminal line is very indistinct, only visible at inner angle. Orbicular stigma oval, reniform stigma
small, claviform stigma very elongate. All 3 pale grey with black surrounds and brown centres. The apex is
intersected by a shade. In marginal area there are black streaks in interstices and veins are finely powdered
with black. The grey fringes have brown checks. Hindwings are brown, paler at base. From Gafsa (Tunisia),
in March/April. The classification here is uncertain. The very reliable author described the species as a Calo-
pTiasia next to plat ypt era.

25. Genus: Hfllia Grt.

H. iris Zett. (Vol. 3, p. 123, pi. 28 d). The illustration in Main Volume is unrecognisable. We are now iris.
illustrating the main form, as well as the darker form crasis H.-S. (17 e).

26. Genus : Aporopliyla Guen.

A. mioleuca Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 123, pi. 28 d). According to OberthItr and Rothschild, this species
should be named — chioleuca H.-'S., mioleuca Tr. belongs to Agriopis aeruginea Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 132); chioleuca chioleuca.
is widely distributed over Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. — mioleuca Rbr. nec Tr. according to Oberthur mioleuca.

136

CHLOANTHA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

lutulenta.

consimilis.

sedi.

brunnea.

decolor.

liine-

burgensis.

aterrima.

ingenua.

albidior.

cyrenaica.

seileri.

aethiops.

haasi.

rangnowi.

scannensis.

is a small local form from Spain, Rothschild maintains that it is only a slightly darker colour aberration.
The illustration in Main Volume is unrecognisable, a better one is given here (17 f).

A. lutulenta Bkh. (Vol. 3, p. 123, pi. 30 a). The many forms of this species are not yet all definitely
known. The main form is not exactly perfectly illustrated, but nevertheless it is recognisable. — consimilis
Steph. is actually much greyer, the illustration in Main Volume is much too brown, we are therefore illustrating
a typical specimen here (17 f). Besides the grey colour, the nebulous, dusty grey diffuse marking is charac¬
teristic. This form occurs chiefly in S. France, Castile and in the Abruzzi, but always among the other forms.

sedi Dup. on the contrary, has grey colour, but clear and distinct markings. We are illustrating a Spanish
specimen (17 f). — brunnea Schaw. has a fulvous hue and is described from Austria. It also occurs in Italy and
is common around Rome, where it often assumes an ochreous yellow colouration. This latter form, I denomi¬
nate — decolor /. n. and am giving an illustration of such a specimen from the collection of Sohx-Rethel (17 f).

A. liineburgensis Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 123, pi. 30 b). I cannot bring myself to enumerate this as a form of
lutulenta. I hold same to be a genuine species, even though Diehl's examination of the genitalia showed that
same are “practically” identical. The general impression differs too much, liineburgensis is smaller, seems
to have narrower wings and in certain districts certainly occurs concurrently with lutulenta. I have typical
specimens from Ireland and S. France before me. Very deeply black specimens are named — aterrima Warn.
Forewings are unicoloured jet-black with bluish sheen, the black transverse lines are reflected through. Also
the thorax is jet-black, abdomen darker than in normal specimens. The white hindwings are more heavily
black at margin, also those of the $ are deeper grey-black. From around Hamburg. The irish specimens ap¬
proach this form, in them however the fine white edge to transverse lines is absent. The sheen is not bluish,
but coppery. In any case both species should be most carefully investigated to determine their relationship.

A. australis Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 123, pi. 30 b, c). The illustrations in Main Volume are relatively good,
except for that of ingenua Fr. Titrati is of the opinion that the illustration of this large and unicolourous
dark grey-brown form would more likely refer to the subsequent new species. Freyer’s — ingenua is more
grey-brown with distinctly prominent markings. It is much darker than scriptura and probably identical
with the unicolourous ashy grey cinerea Stgr. This latter, remarkable to relate, is described by Hampson as
being “monotonous pale yellow” and as emanating from Morocco and therefore not corresponding to Stati-
dinger’s cinerea from Algeria. — albidior A. B.-H. described as from N. W. France (Bretagne) has almost
pure white ground colour with bold markings reminding one of pascuea.

A. cyrenaica Ttri. as mentioned above, according to Titratt, this is very like the illustration of ingenua
on pi. 30 d of Main Volume. It is a larger, robust race (wing expanse 40 — 42 mm). Forewings dark ashy grey
with faint stigmata. Claviform stigma with brown centre, transverse lines faintly darker. Hindwings white
with delicate brown marginal line, dusky in $, darker towards margin. The grey thorax with woolly hairs.
Cyrenaica (Bengasi) occurring in November /December.

A. nigra Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 124, pi. 30 d, e). In regard to the form — seileri Fuchs it should be stated
that according to Pungeler, this form is identical with — aethiops O. and should therefore lie deemed a synonym.

A, haasi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 132) (17 f ) is certainly an Aporophyla and should be classified here. Forewings
are not such a deep black, but duller, more or less admixed with brown, the $ is usually still browner. Trans¬
verse lines are distinct, deeper black, with somewhat paler edges. The subterminal line is dissolved into paler
patches, which have black sagittate marks inwardly. Stigmata distinct, reniform stigma with whitish outer
edge and with whitish centre. Fringes with pale dots at extremities of veins and a pale intersecting line. Hind¬
wings white with dark veins and marginal line. Fringes violet-brown, darker in $ being almost grey-black.
The ova hibernate; larvae are brown, more rarely green with pale dorsal and subdorsal lines with darker edges.
They have very wide white lateral lines with orange red spiracles at upper edge. Ventrally they are marbled
with dark patches. They are polyphagous and pupate in the earth. The imagines emerge after 2to — 3 months,
thus occurring from August to October. In the day time they rest on Juniperus thurifera and at night come
to light.

27. Genus: ClhlonsalBia Guen.

C. solidaginis HI). (Vol. 3, p. 124, pi. 30 e). — rangnowi Stick, is the melanic extreme of obscura Lutz.;
forewings dee]) black, scarcely paler at the transverse lines, with whitish reniform stigma having black centre
in whitish surround. Subterminal line distinctly whitish. Hindwings pale grey-brown, dusky towards the
margin. Lapland.

C. pulla Him. (Vol. 3, p. 124, pi. 30 f). — scannensis Dhl. (17 f) is a characteristic form from the Abruzzi
with grey-white ground colour, all the brownish black colouration is absent, only the reniform stigma still

Pull. 20. VII. 1934.

137

L1TH0PHANE; XYLINA; DlCHONIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

shows a somewhat brownish yellow tinge; the dark striations are fainter and inclined to purer grey. Hindwings
pure white, sparsely scaled. From Montagna Grande, occurring in September.

29. Genus: Lithophane flh.

L. soda Rott. (Vol. 3, p. 125, pi. 30 g). — nigricans Klem. is a much darker form, with blackish fore- nigricans.
wings. Described from Poland.

L. ornitopus Rott. (Vol. 3, p. 125, pi. 30 h). — • duebenia Strd. is an aberration from Saxony; with blacken- duebenia.
ed central area, so that resemblance to Folia serena is created. — lact/ipennis Dadd is an english form with ladei-
very white forewings and fainter markings. — - japonica Neuburger is the east asiatic and Japanese race. It is Pennw/
slightly smaller, has darker bluish grey forewings which are less richly marked, also paler hindwings.

L. prainosa Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 125, pi. 30 h). Strand has described 3 colour varieties: — - albidior, whiter albidior.

with faint greenish hue, — • lilacina, li lac-grey, no greenish tinge and — - fusco-lilacina, lilac-grey with dark brown- liiacina.

ish hue, especially in central area. All 3 from Japan. l“sco.~

x J lilacina.

L. lamda F. (Vol. 3, p. 125, pi. 30 i). The following is given as a form of zinckenii: — - sericata Candeze sericala.

uniformly silkily glossy grey-black, without any shade of bluish and without the whitish patches at the black

streak markings. Hindwings darker. From Belgium.

L. furdfera Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 126, pi. 30 i). — • debrunneata Strd. has pale grey forewings with scarcely debrun -
any trace of brownish. — - obscura Lenz is a much darker grey form from Bavaria. — miihlschlegeleri Rangn. Fore- n<jata‘r
wings black-brown, basal streak, transverse lines and apex dusted with bluish grey. Reniform stigma spot-
ted rusty yellow. Fringes of hindwings more rufous than type. From the swamps of Rokitno. schlegeleri.

L. ingrica H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 126, pi. 31 a). — - lucida Huene (17 g) is of much paler, almost grey-white lucida.
colouration. Esthland.

L. lapidea Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 126, pi. 31 b). — ochreimacula Rothsch. Head and thorax blue-grey, abdomen ochrei-
paler brownish. Forewings mouse-grey with obsolete brown transverse lines and a brown central band. In macula.
the latter, behind claviform stigma there is an ochreous brown spot. Hindwings cinnamon-brown, peppered
with grey and with rosy fringes. Algeria.

L. holophaea B.-H. i. 1. ? (17 g) is like merckii, but somewhat smaller and more smoothly scaled. It is holophaea.
blue-grey with less bold longitudinal markings and somewhat paler at costa. From a specimen in the Pungeler
collection designated by the above name. I have not been able to find a description anywhere. From Semi-
retshje.

30. Genus: Xylina Tr.

X. vetusta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 127, pi. 31 c). — - ab. dufayi G. d’Aldin is an unusually dark aberration in the dufayi.
colouration of exoleta, i. e. the upper third of forewings is coloured as the inner marginal third of exoleta, the
other two-thirds are blackish. The author thinks this may be a hybrid of the two species. Chantilly (Oise).

X . japonica Hoene (17 g) is an almost reddish black species in the type form. Only in and posterior to japonica.
reniform stigma, there is a brown longitudinal streak, which also intersects the subterminal line. Otherwise it
closely resembles exoleta in the markings, but the black sagittate streak between veins 4 and 5 is absent. Kobe
(Japan). — ■ nihonica Hoene (17 g) is without a doubt only a form of this variable species. It is much paler red- nihonica.
dish or blackish brown, one of the specimens now before me has an almost chalky white ground colour. Sub-
apically there is a paler yellowish red patch and in central area it is irrorated with blackish. Head and pro¬
thorax fulvous as in type form, collar with brown edges. Also from Kobe.

X. exoleta L. (Vol. 3, p. 127, pi. 31 d). The central asiatic form — - impudica Stgr. is now illustrated from impudica.
a specimen in the Pungeler collection (17 g).

31. Genus: IMcliouia Hbn.

D. areola Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 128, pi. 31 f). — ab. rosea Tutt. Freshly emerged specimens are often suffused rosea.
with rose, but this soon fades when the specimens are placed in collections. - — kanei Rbl. Forewings have an kanei.
impure whitish ground colour, with the markings a brownish yellow rather than black. From Ireland.

— - hyerensis Strd. (= modesta Warn.) (17 h) with pale grey ground colour and stigmata delicately outlined hyerensis.
in black, the long black arched streak below stigmata is absent, a fine black basal streak is present.

S. France, Spain, Capri, central Italy. — • mustapha Obth. is approximately the same form from Algeria, mustapba.

Supplementary Volume 3 18

138 DRYOBOTA; MEGANEPHRIA; CALOTAENIA; EUMICHTIS. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

only it is slightly darker grey and markings are partially extinct. Transition forms occur in the Taurus
(Marash).

33. Genus: Dryobota Led.

furva. D. furva Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 128, pi. 31 f). This species is inclined to be variable. Ground colour from pale

brown to black-brown. Normally the reniform stigma is yellow in <$, white in but inverted forms also occur
occlusa. i. e. GG with white reniform stigma. Such specimens are named — occlusa Esp. (= albimacula Culot, leuco-
inversa. rena Trti.). with yellow reniform stigmata are called — inversa Osth. The species occurs in the Taurus
(Marash).

34. Genus: Meganephria Hbn.

tancrei. M. tancrei Graes. (Vol. 3, p. 129). We are now illustrating a specimen of this nice species from Ussuri

(17 h).

asiaiica. M. oxyacanthae L. (Vol. 3, p. 129, pi. 31 g). A good illustration is now given of the form — asiatica

Stgr. from a specimen in the Pungeler collection.

debilis. M. debilis Warn. (17 h) is smaller than oxyacanthae, having narrower and sleeker forewings. Ground

colour a dull grey with faint rosy sheen and devoid of any mossy green colouration. Central area narrower and
outer area therefore wider. Reniform stigma irregularly quadrate and uniformly filled with pale grey. Hind-
wings pale grey with shadowy central band. Underside pale silvery grey. Transbaikalia.

alhopicta. M. albopicta Mats, appears to closely resemble the preceding. Forewings dark grey, paler at base with

a black streak having a white upper edge along the submedian fold and extending in basal half from base to
subterminal. Anterior transverse line black, sharply angulated in submedian. The small oval orbicular stigma
is white with black edge. Reniform stigma is ear-shaped and pale grey, with a black arc on inner edge. The
black postmedian has a white outer edge, near inner margin the white expands. The white subterminal line
is undulate and interrupted. Hindwings dark grey, paler towards base. Wing expanse: 36 — 41 mm. From South
Saghalin.

35. Genus: Calotaeiiia Stph.

immacu- C. celsia L. (Vol. 3, p. 130, pi. 32 a). Numerous names have been given to aberrations. — immaculata

^ Heinr. has no brown spots in green marginal area. — - tridentifera Schultz the costal part of the brown central

' fera. transverse stripe on forewings is missing, it forms a sharp dentation upwards. — • eximia Schultz only has a broad
eximia. costal spot in place of the central transverse stripe and it forms a dentation downwards. — - ocellata Krul. has
hwittata on^ a brown sP°t enc^ °f cell °f forewings. — invittata Schultz is uniformly green on forewings up to the
marga- brown margin. — - margarethae Did. is a remarkable form. The brown markings of the transverse band and
retime, edges of wings are completely white with pronounced golden gloss. Hindwings also show golden sheen. Under¬
side is devoid of markings being grey-white with golden gloss. In the S. Tyrol among the type form, which
is fairly common there and paler green than the north german race. Dannehl reports that strange to relate the
connexa. imagines rest during the day on trees and can be disturbed in quantities from high Acacias. — connexa Did. has
the dentation extending from the brown central band to such a degree that it reaches to the dot in outer area
and even envelopes same in a nebxdous shade and then projects towards the costa. S. Tyrol and Brandenburg.

tenuis. C. tenuis Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 130). This is now illustrated from a specimen in the Pungeler collection

(17 h).

36. Genus: l^umiclitis Hbn.

E. Uchenea Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 130, pi. 32 a). The illustration was not good and we are giving a better one
aetnea . here (17 h), also of the form — - aetnea Trti.

canariensis. E. canariensis Hmps. Head and thorax black-brown, intermixed with grey-white and rufous. Collar

with white and black line. Abdomen dark brown with black crests. Eorewings grey- white, partially with
brownish tone and peppered with black-brown. Central area dusted with dark brown. Veins blackish. A black
undulate basal streak at base. The double subbasal line interfilled with whitish, similarly the double anterior
transverse line. The large grey-white stigmata have black surrounds with brownish centres. The black post-
median is simple with whitish outer edge, dentate, with white dots on veins posteriorly. Towards anal angle
a grey-white spot. There is rufous dusting before the white subterminal line and small black sagittate marks.
Hindwings brown with dusky veins and discal spot. Wing expanse: 46 mm. Guimar (Canary Islands).

cypraota. E. cypraota Hmps. Head and thorax black-brown, intermixed with white. Abdomen whitish brown.

Eorewings white, admixed with brown and peppered with black. Central area suffused with dark rufous. The

CRINO. By Dr. M. Draudt.

139

black transverse lines are simple, white edges on averted sides, the posterior line inclined to have a yellowish
white edge. The white stigmata have black surrounds, orbicular stigma obliquely elliptical, with brown centre,
reniform stima with black scales in centre. A faint oblique darker line proceeds from lower angle of cell to inner
margin. Subterminal line yellowish white with small black sagittate marks anteriorly. Hindwings white, shaded
dark brown at margin, with brown discal spot, postmedian and subterminal shades. Wing expanse: 34 mm.
Cyprus.

E. muscosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 130, pi. 32 b). As Osthelder has pointed out, this species was neither cor¬
rectly described nor well illustrated in Main Volume. Markings are just like those of lichenea, the inner line
forms 3 pointed arcs. Claviform stigma is not obsolete, but very distinctly marked, a short, truncate cunei¬
form mark with wide black surround. Ground colour varies from pale brownish to black-brown.

37. Genus: Crino Hbn.

C. magnirena Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 131). We are illustrating a specimen from the Pungeler collection (17 i).

G. satura Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 131, pi. 32 b). — variegata Schaw. has stigmata and the large rufous anal
patch coloured a pale yellowish, also the basal and premarginal dentate lines. From Kufstein (Tyrol).

C. schumacheri Rbl. is clearly very like tenerijica, if it is not in fact synonymous with same. It is very
large and with wide wings. Antennae very long, bipectinated. Thorax with tufty rufous hairs like the head
and forewings. The latter with 2 simple black transverse lines that converge towards the inner margin, the
anterior one undulate, the posterior one with long and bold dentations. Claviform stigma absent, orbicular
stigma small, elliptical. Reniform stigma large with grey-black centre and white outward edge. There is no
subterminal line in the dusky marginal area. Hindwings yellow-grey with blackish grey dusting and blackish
discal spot and arched line anterior to centre. Abdomen yellowish grey with reddish yellow anal tuft. Wing
expanse: 48 mm. From Orotava on Teneriffe.

C. adusta Esj). (Vol. 3, p. 131, pi. 32 c). — - pavida Bsd. was incorrectly enumerated in the Main Volume
as being synonymous with vulturina Frr. Hitherto a correct description does not seem to have been generally
made known. Cttlot illustrates the type, according to which it is a smallish, unicoloured reddish brown form
with delicate markings, all lines without whitish edges, the black basal streak very prominent. On the other
hand the conjoining streak between claviform stigma and posterior transverse line is absent. From S. Russia.
— virgata Tutt (17 i) has basal and subterminal areas, as well as centres of stigmata a paler reddish brown,
veins still paler, sagittate marks anterior to subterminal line very distinct and large, also the marginal triangles.
Scotland. — bcdtica Hering (1846) is superseded by the older name. — vulturinea H.-S (1845) (Vol. 3, p. 132,
pi. 32 cl). This is the race from eastern Europe, East and West Prussia and Brandenburg. They are large dark,
deep bluish red specimens with distinct black markings and an especially bold black conjoining streak between
claviform stigma and posterior transverse line, vulturina Frr. is also a synonym of same. The illustration in
Main Volume mentioned above, does therefore not depict this form, nor does the illustration of baltica (pi. 32 d)
which is more like pavida. — septentrionalis Hoffm. is not by any means black, but much paler, inclining to
brownish yellow in ground colour, distinctly marked with clear black submedian streak. An interesting small
form from Finland. — carpathica Kaucki is a much darker, but otherwise normally marked form from the
Carpathians. — - aterrima Costni is a small form, body and fore wings deep black and highly glossy, hindwings
dusky at margin. From Mte. Gibbio. — juldussica A.B.-H. i. 1. I have a few specimens of this before me with
especially protracted apices of forewings and with more oblique margins. They are somewhat paler blackish
grey with a violet sheen in ground colour, very delicately marked, with transverse streak and very clear but
fine white subterminal line without any trace of black cuneiform marks anteriorly. Hindwings very pale whitish
with dark crescent at end of cell, postmedian and marginal bands. Juldus and Arasagungol. — - sylvatica Bell.
should be removed from here and classified as a form of anilis. — ■ moesta Stgr. is not identical with septentrio¬
nalis. We are illustrating this asiatic form (17 i). — vicina Alph. is also illustrated (17 i). — anilis is to be removed
from among the forms of adusta.

C. bathensis Lutzau (= pavida H.-S. nee Bsd.) (17 k). According to Petersen’s investigations this is
a separate species. Genitalia are distinct. However from superficial characteristics it is not always easy to se¬
parate same from adusta and especially from pavida. Forewings black-brown with distinct transverse band and
paler stigmata. Reniform stigma always with pronounced white centre. The black longitudinal streak in cellule
lb very definite and the subterminal line is whitish and clear. Abdomen, especially in reddish. Hindwings
whitish, more dusky at margin with discal spot and arched band. Baltic Provinces; Leningrad; Urals.

C. usurpatrix Rbl. (= atlanticum Rbl. nec Baker) (17 k). A species that is somewhat like adusta. Fore¬
wings rufous, ante and postmedian areas paler and somewhat dusted with bluish grey. Black basal and longi¬
tudinal streak between claviform stigma and posterior transverse line. Both transverse lines indistinctly double.
The upper stigmata paler with bluish grey centres. Orbicular stigma oblique and elongate. Reniform stigma wide,
somewhat quadrate, with faint whitish outer edge. The brown claviform stigma is pointed. Subterminal line

muscosa.

magnirena.

variegata.

schu¬

macheri.

pavida.

virgata.

vulturinea.

septentrio¬

nalis.

carpathica.

aterrima.

juldussica.

moesta.

vicina.

bathensis.

usurpatrix.

140

CPvlNO. By Dr. M. Draudt.

whitish with faint “W”, anterior to same black or brown sagittate marks, the narrow marginal area beyond, deep
brown. Hindwings grey-brown with distinct discal lunule. Fringes whitish with dark dividing line. Canary Islands.

spi osa. C. spinosa Chr. closely resembles solieri. Forewings black-brown to rufous on upperside, sparsely pep¬

pered with grey, more densely at base and inner margin. Subterminally reddish ochre. Lines indistinct, the
anterior one oblique, undulate, edged by blackish lines on both sides; the posterior line dentate with black inner
edge. Orbicular and reniform stigmata ochre-grey with dainty black surrounds, the latter with a grey-white
outer edge. Claviform stigma brown or reddish ochre with black surround and conjoined with the posterior
transverse line by a black streak. A black basal streak is somewhat angulated in centre. Subterminal line con¬
sists of whitish dots, anterior to which are more or less distinct rufous sagittate marks. Marginal area brown
with small black marginal triangles. Fringes checked with whitish. Hindwings of $ whitish with browm discal
lunule, veins black-brown; in $ brown with dark central line and marginal shade. The larva is reddish grey
with brown markings on dorsum, ventrally grey-green. It has a very delicate white dorsal line and quite in¬
distinct brown subdorsal lines. It is found under stones in winter and is polyphagous. The imagines emerge
in October. Gafsa (Tunisia).

anilis. C. aniSis Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 131). To judge by the latest conceptions, this seems to be a genuine species.

Sprongerts and Wehrli, who re-discovered it, have fully expressed their opinion (compare the Stett. Ent. Z.
1896, p. 248 and Iris 1924, p. 14), whilst Heydemann has promised a report that will confirm their contentions.
This large whitish grey moth with its wide grey median shade cannot be mistaken for any other. Markings are
most like those of adusta. It occurs in July and as adusta is found almost in the same immediate neighbourhood,
conspecific relationship would seem excluded. Still less can it be placed with platinea, the type form of which
is also found at Digne. The specimens found in the Valais have all proved to be platinea ferrea and one can
assert that anilis does not occur in Switzerland, but only at Digne and Venanson. We are able to illustrate a
sylvatica. beautiful specimen from Venanson (17 i) thanks to the courtesy of Dr. Wehrli. — sylvatica Bell, should be
classified here and not to adusta, according to the investigations of Heydemann. It is the dark island race
ncm. from Corsica and we are giving an illustration (17 i). There is a special form of this: — nera Schaw. with almost
completely black forewings, even the whitish stigmata and transverse lines are blackish, the white marginal is
extinct. Hindwings much darker blackish. Corsica.

insubrica. C. solieri Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 131, pi. 32 c, d). — insubrica Kruger are smaller, more brightly marked spe¬

cimens from S. Tyrol, pale grey contrasting with the bright reddish basal and marginal areas. Stigmata with
melano- white surrounds. Hindwings glossy white with grey checked margin. ■ — • melanomorpha Trti. (17 k) has black-
morpha. brown ground colour, still darker than the darkest bathensis. Median area between and below stigmata, deep
black. Claviform stigma and posterior transverse line conjoined by a still blacker streak. Outer margin and
reniform stigma barely paler. The white hindwings have a 2 mm wide dusky blackish outer margin. Sicily
(Catania) and also from Capri.

altijuga. C. aitijuga Kozh. appears to be nearest to melanodontaBLmps. (Vol. 3, p. 131, pi. 32 b). Forewings brown,

dusted with black. Postmedian area pale brownish yellow, especially in apical area. Posterior to the pale
distinct marginal line, almost as dark black-brown as the area between base and central transverse line. Reni-
form stigma pale brownish yellow, the indistinct orbicular stigma dark brown, claviform stigma is absent and
in its place there is a black streak. Fringes dark. Hindwings dark grey with dark discal spot and postmedian
band, fringes pale reddish. Wing expanse: 41 mm. Sajan mountains, in July. Probably this species is syno¬
nymous with Sidemia doerriesi Stgr. Description and a photo that have been sent to me, seem to tally exactly.

compitalis. C. compitalis Drt. (=• leptitanus Trti.) (17 k). This species, that was originally described as an Eremobia ,

is better classified here on account of its ciliate eyes. Forewings peppered with brownish on whitish ground,
with black basal streak, indistinct transverse lines and somewhat paler stigmata, which have delicate dark
surrounds and centres. From claviform stigma there is a black longitudinal streak to posterior transverse line,
which however may also be absent. Subterminal line has a distinct “W” and anterior to same there are
brown sagittate marks, which merge forming a subanal spot. Marginal area dark, fringes with pale intersections.
Hindwings white with dainty discal lunule near the base and black marginal iunules and dark anal spot. - — -
letheus. letheus Trti. (17 k) is probably only a nice chestnut -brown dark form of the above, at least I can find no other
differences from the types kindly sent to me by the author. Berka (Cyrenaica), in November /December ; Egypt,
Cairo.

lama. C. lama Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 132, pi. 32 d). The illustration wTas poor and a better one is given here (17 k).

dubiosa. — dubiosa A. B.-H. has pale brown colouration of forewings that inclines to reddish, whilst lama is grey. Hind¬
wings darker than in lama, the $$ have still darker, more uniformly grey-brown hindwings with distinct median
line. Yarkend (Mustag-ata).

C. haasi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 132). This should be removed from here, vide Supplementary Vol. 3, p. 136
( Aporophyla ).

141

AGRIOPIS; DRYOBOTODES; VALERIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

38. Genus: Agriopfs Bsd.

A. aprilina L. (Vol. 3, p. 132, pi. 32 d). — ■ bouveti Luc. is illustrated (17 1). — xantha Schaw. has yellow- bouveii.
brownish instead of green colouration. Described from Digne. — brunneomixta Culot is similar, all green shades
replaced by yellowish brown, that seems to be spread over a pale grey ground. Known to occur near Calais mixia
and in England. - — - pallida Kaucki is a much paler form with greenish white forewings and also much paler hind- pallida.
wings. From a specimen bred in Galicia. — viromelas Slevogt denotes specimens from Courland with central viromelas
area of forewings completely covered by black, only the pale stigmata remain visible. Ground colour on the
other hand is very pale greenish white. — virgata Tutt is probably identical, here however that central black virgata.
shade of forewings forms a band, perhaps it is a transition form.

A. aeruginea Hb. (Vol. 3, p. 132, pi. 32 e). — - viridisfriga Rbl. has a much wider whitish green costal viridi-
patch, that is confluent with orbicular and reniform stigmata. — • niesembrina Schaw. is a pure grey form with
pale green markings. Hindwings of are pure white. Bisina. brina.

41. Genus : Dryobotodes Warr.

D. accipitrina Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 133, pi. 32 g). — - major Rothsch. A very large race occurs in Algeria, with major.
length of forewings 21 — -22 mm. Otherwise colouration and markings are the same.

D. banghaasi Draes. has pectinated antennae and therefore its classification here is doubtful. It closely banghaasi.
resembles Polia proxima, but has naked eyes with cilia. The inner line is simple, the outer one is more sharply
angulated inwards on median fold. Claviform stigma only edged by black on top, conjoined by a black line
with posterior transverse line. The large pale orbicular stigma is situate obliquely. The large reniform stigma
is incurved on outer edge. Both have black surrounds. Fringes grey with pale base and dividing line. Inter¬
sected by pale patches at extremities of veins. Hindwings grey-brown, paler at base and with dark margins
and pale fringes. Ta-tsien-lu.

D. roboris Hbn.-G. (Vol. 3, p. 134, pi. 32 h). — carbonis Wgnr. has uniformly deep black forewings in both carboms.
sexes. Only around the stigmata and in marginal area are there traces of greenish scaling. From Akshehir,
in October, also found in the Taurus. — - taurica Osth. is much smaller than the main form, only as large as 01. taurica.
strigilis. Forewings paler, unicoloured pale grey, markings in some specimens distinct and blackish, in others
indistinct, marginal area diffuse and darker. Taurus (Marash).

42. Genus: Valeria Steph.

V . oleagina F. (Vol. 3, p. 135, pi. 33 a, b). — - syriaca Osth. is sleeker, with narrower wings and more syriaca.
pointed forewings with straighter outer margin. Reniform stigma smaller and narrower with darker centre.

The dark spots at both ends are conjoined by dark dusting. — Volker achieved a successful crossing between
oleagina A and jaspidea $ and denominates the hybrids — - olejaspidina Volker. They are half-way between olejaspi-
the parent forms. Reniform stigma has somewhat darker centre than oleagina, but not as dark as in jaspidea. dina.
Subterminal line is only faintly paler white than in the latter. Hindwings are more like those of oleagina but
with bold discal spot. The antennae are about exactly midway between the two forms. The larvae more closely
resembled the jaspidea larva.

V. tricristata sp. n. (17 1). A handsome large moth, that is indeed very striking by the enormous deve- tricristata.
lopment of the metathoracic; and abdominal tufts with their spatulate scales having long stalks. That on the
metathorax is nearly (4 cm high! Wing contour as jaspidea. Forewings with brownish white ground, densely
dusted with dark brown. Subcostalis, mediana, the veins of inner margin and marginal area metallic green.

Both transverse lines double and indistinct, the stigmata with brownish white surrounds. Reniform stigma
with pale central streak. From orbicular stigma a faint curved pale line extends to innermarginal nervure.
Subterminal line also whitish, between veins 2 and 4 with 2 long dentations pointing inwards. The space be¬
tween them dark brown. On margin there are black lunular marks that are enclosed by white. Fringes boldly
scalloped with pale dividing line. Hindwings as in jaspidea. One $ from N. E. China (Province of Nanking) in
the collection of Bang-Haas.

V. dilutiapicata Filipj. Forewings more elongate than in jaspidea. The tufts on metathorax and ah- dilutia-
domen are enormously developed. The spatulate scales partially pure white. Forewings blackish brown, the picaia.
black basal line only extending from costa to mediana. Transverse lines indistinct, only clearly marked on
costa, the posterior line with indistinct faint edge towards the whitish brown speckled outer area in which the
indistinct reniform stigma is situate. Orbicular stigma also only faintly outlined. There is a large blackish
brown spot on costa outwardly of the reniform stigma; it tapers off towards the apex. Also at the anal angle
there is a dark spot. At extremities of veins there are dark patches. Fringes pale brownish with dark central
line, intersected by whitish at terminations of veins. Hindwings white with discal spot and wide blackish brown
outer margin. Wing expanse: 37 mm. Sutshan (Ussuri).

142

ANTITYPE. By Dr. M. Dkattdt.

sauberi.

dimorpha.

viridi-

macula.

deviridaia.

philippsi.

rosea.

aurora.

stupenda.

rebecca.

hagar.

discalis.

armena.

V. sauberi Graes. (17 1). Head and thorax white, admixed with black. Forewings whitish with olive
dusting. Basal area faintly peppered with blackish, median area almost completely suffused with black. Therein
the large whitish stigmata with black surrounds. Claviform stigma is particularly large and reniform stigma is
protracted inwards on mediana. Dentate transverse lines are very bold, black; an oblique black streak at anal
angle; subterminal line is absent. There is a black spot in post median area of costa having 2 white costal dashes
therein. Small black marginal lunules and black dotted fringes. Hindwings blackish brown with white and
brown checked fringes. Amur territory.

V. dimorpha 0. B.-H. (17 e). The A appears almost identical with sauberi, but ground colour is almost
pure white without greenish dusting, the white colour more extensive, only the area between the orbicular
stigma and subterminal line filled with black, in which the white reniform stigma is. The entire outer area is
snow white with a dense black arched streak over the anal angle. Fringes white with black checks. Hindwings
blackish; fringes pale with dark checks. The $ is completely suffused with black, only the stigmata are slightly
apparent. Wing expanse: 32 — 34 mm. Sajan (Tunkinsk, White mountains) southwest of Irkutsk.

V. viridimacula Graes. (17 1) was omitted from Main Volume. It is a large species with rather narrow
forewings which are moss-green, speckled with black. Median and marginal areas less intensively green, veins
dusted with bluish brown. The green stigmata have black and white surrounds. Transverse lines are double,
interfilled with green, the posterior one with sharp dentations which are partially very protracted. The whitish
subterminal line is also dentate. Fringes brown intersected by green and with green line at base. Hindwings
dark brown with ochreous fringes. — deviridaia Bird, has median area brown, only slightly green at costa and
inner margin. East Siberia (Ussuri); Japan.

43. Genus: Antitype Hbn.

A. philippsi Pglr. (18 a). Forewings of pale ochreous ground colour with a vermilion reddish tinge,
fairly densely peppered with black, especially in median area which is outlined by simple dentate transverse
lines. Stigmata pale with delicate black centres and surrounds. Subterminal line generally rather indistinct,
paler. Margin and fringes pale, the latter with slightly darker checks and dividing line. Hindwings whitish,
sparsely scaled and faintly speckled with black, except for the narrow pale marginal area. They have discal
lunule and postmedian band. Persia (Sultanabad).

A. rosea Rothsch. (= concolor Obth.) (18 a) has still longer pectinations to antennae than the preceding
species. Forewings with ochreous reddish more or less rosy suffused ground colour sparsely peppered with
blackish. Median area in some specimens rather more prominent. Anterior transverse line very indistinctly
double, consisting of 3 arcs. Posterior line simple, sharply dentate with somewhat paler outer edge. Stigmata
of medium size, pale like the ground colour with blackish surrounds and fainter centres. Between them there
is a more or less evident central shade. The subterminal line is dentate with darkly shaded inner edge. There
are bold black marginal spots and fringes have faintly darker checks. Hindwings whitish with discal spot and
postmedian band that is displaced towards centre and terminates at anal angle. Algeria. — - aurora Trti. for
which the author created the Genus Pseudopolia, should certainly be classified here. It is a larger form that
is more heavily suffused with pinky rose. Cyrenaica.

A. serpentina Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 135, pi. 35 b). — ab. stupenda Wgnr. This species is generally very con¬
stant and scarcely varies at all; stupenda is a very remarkable variation with white ground colour, so that the
colours seem to be inverted in this form. Dalmatia.

A. rebecca Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 135, pi. 33 c). The illustration in Main Volume is unrecognisable and a better
one is given here (18 a). It resembles rosea, but has much shorter pectinations to antennae.

A. hagar Rothscli. is closely related to rebecca. Palpi and head brownish grey. Antennae boldly pectinated,
orange brownish. Thorax grey-brown, abdomen paler yellowish brown. Forewings brownish yellow with 4
irregular dark grey dentate transverse lines with an indistinct grey subterminal band of sagittate marks. Hind¬
wings pale brownish yellow with faintly darker median and subterminal bands. Length of forewings: 20 mm.
From one captured at Bou Saada (Algeria) in April.

A. discalis Rothsch. most resembles germana Rothsch., but has boldly serrate antennae. Thorax reddish
yellow, interspersed with grey, abdomen greyer. Forewings bright yellowish red with a wide dark sooty grey,
somewhat cuneiform, mark, that almost fills the entire disc of forewings and which extends along costal area
to base. This patch is edged by black punctiform lines. Subterminal band is whitish indistinctly dusted with
grey. Hindwings yellowish white with a curved rather indistinct brown central line. Length of forewings:
20 mm. From one $ captured at Batna (Algeria) in September.

A. armena Ev. (18 a) from central Asia-Minor (Tokat) and Shahkuh, is according to Filip jev a genuine
Antitype, which has no connection with Euxoa deserta. According to the illustration it fairly closely resembles
rosea. Markings are almost identical, colouration is pale ochreous yellowish sparsely peppered with blackish.

ANTITYPE. By Dr. M. Draudt. 143

Hindwings paler with pronounced postmedian band, which seems situate rather closer to margin. Unfortunately
nothing is said regarding the antennae of the <$, so that I am unable to express any opinion as to its classi¬
fication.

A. polymita L. (Vol. 3, p. 135, pi. 33 c). — aithalodes Dhl. (18 b). Instead of the olive-grey ground
colour, it is almost black-olive, the dark markings deep black, white markings purer and distinct. The grey-
white hindwings are paler than in type. It occurs in the Abruzzi at high altitudes over 1500 m.

A. flavicincta F. (Vol. 3, p. 136, pi. 33 c, d). — infuscata Porritt from England, is an extreme specimen
of the meridionalis form, that is almost completely black with whitish markings and with no trace of orange-
yellow. - — - enceladaea Trti. is about half-way, it is a fairly dark grey-black form with very restricted orange
colouration, whilst in meridionalis there are liberal orange scales. In enceladaea hindwings are much darker
grey-black. From around Aetna in Sicily. — sublutea Trti. (18 a) is a form that exceeds calvescens in paleness.
Ground colour is a pale ochreous yellow, very faintly dusted with grey and boldly developed orange markings.
Transverse lines and surrounds to stigmata pale grey-brown. Algeria.

A. mfocincta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 136, pi. 33 d, e). — intermedia Hartig are specimens from Tyrol that, corres¬
pond to the southern mucida form being deeper grey-black and without orange. — - ruforadiata Did. is another
form from the S. Tyrol that is dark and is especially heavily speckled and streaked with orange. — nigrotincta
Did. from greater altitudes in the mountains is rather smaller. It is a dusky grey intermedia form with heavily
black median area. According to Dannehl mfocincta only turns up after midnight to sugar and light.

A. chrysographa Wgnr. is much smaller and has more pointed wings than mfocincta, which it other¬
wise closely resembles. Scaling is coarser about like in philippsi. Ground colour grey-blue, interspersed with
a nice golden-yellow at base and in marginal areas, as well as around stigmata. This yellow colouration varies
in extent and may be extremely heavy or quite absent. Hindwings whitish with distinct subterminal and bold
discal spot. Fringes checked. Antennae more heavily serrate than in mfocincta. Genitalia are totally different
from mfocincta. From Akshehir in October.

A. argillaceago Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 136, pi. 33 e, f). — ■ erythra Schaiv. (18 b) are brightly marked with red;
mainly from Portugal, but also occurring in Spain (Sierra cle Greclos). — nigralba Gel. & Luc. from Landes are
whitish with faint tone of ochreous yellow and with blackish markings. — nigrella Gel. <£ Luc. are similar
but with heavier blackish dusting. Described from the Gironde.

A. deliciosa Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 136) (18 b). I am inclined to consider this a genuine species, rather than
an aberration. It is always smaller, wing contour wider, but the moth is more gracefully built. The species
is very variable, the upper side being almost unicolourous pinky salmon and sometimes inclining towards yellow¬
ish grey. — pallidior /. n. (18 b) either quite devoid of black markings, or with same most faintly indicated.
Hindwings brown in $. Sebdou, Guelt es Stel, Lambessa, in October. — squamosa Bothsch. (18 b) has median
area peppered with black.

A. sahariensis Bothsch. (= salmonea Obtli.). Thorax and forewings ochreous rose on upper side, inter¬
spersed with grey, especially in central area, markings otherwise like in argillaceago, but hindwings are not
white, but faint reddish yellow with brownish outer margin and a grey posterior transverse line that runs pa¬
rallel to margin. It is characterised by black palpi. The antennae are somewhat more heavily pectinated.
A rare species from Biskra in December; Djebel Antar still occurring in May.

A. germana Bothsch. (= rosinata Obth.) (18 c). Somewhat smaller than deliciosa, all wings reddish,
forewings a deeper rose than hindwings, heavily but irregularly spotted with deep black in median area. The
posterior transverse line consists of black crescents. There are heavy black dots on the margin that is with
blackish spots. Fringes rose with blackish checks and a similar dividing line. Hindwings with black posterior
transverse line. From Guelt es Stel, in October.

A. subversusta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 136, pi. 33 f). The illustration in Main Volume was a bad copy, we are
giving a better one here (18 c).

A. miltina Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 136, pi. 33 f). Here also the illustration was poor and we are giving a better
picture (18 c), also of the ab. rtigrescens Warr. (18 c). Both from specimens in the Pungeler collection.

A. dubia Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 137, pi. 33 f). — - johni Stertz (18 c) has pale yellowish white ground colour with
delicate markings and blackish dusting contrasting characteristically. Median area somewhat blackish. Hind¬
wings of (J paler than in dubia with dark margin and distinct shaded band in centre, those of $ darker. Madrid.
— - rondoui Stertz is now illustrated (18 c) from a specimen in the Pungeler collection. — mus Bours. is an ex¬
treme form of the preceding, in which the bluish leaden grey colouration extends over the entire wing, so that
the transverse lines are extinct. — lutescens Trti. has a more reddish yellow ground colour, similar to many
argillaceago, median area is more or less interspersed with blue-grey and the pale stigmata stand out therefrom.
Nervi; Albarracin. — - reisseri Schaw. is an aberration of same which is pure ivory white, without any darker

aithalodes.

infuscata.

enceladaea.

sublutea.

intermedia.

rufo¬

radiata.

nigrotincta.

chryso-

grapha.

erythra.

nigralba.

nigrella.

deliciosa.

pallidior.

squamosa.

sahariensis.

germana.

subvenusta.

miltina.

nigrescens.

johni.

rondoui.

mus.

lutescens.

reisseri.

144

ANTITYPE. By Dr. M. Draudt.

lima, scales, having only 3 delicate dentate transverse lines, marginal and costal dots. Albarracin. — luna Schwing.
It is doubtful which species is referred to here, size and markings agree with those of dubia, but there is no
yellowish tone or dull gloss. Ground colour is pure grey, scaling is coarser than in nigrocinda. Hindwings
grey-white with distinct median band. Andalusia (Sierra de Luna).

pentheri. A. pentheri Rbl. belongs in the group of forms around dubia. Antennae are similarly built. Thorax and

forewings yellow-grey with 3 subbasal dentate blackish transverse lines that are very close together and that
commence with dark costal spots. Basal area therefore appears the darkest part of the wing. Central area
very pale, edged outwardly by a fine dark transverse line with long dentations, which projects sharply inwards
between 1 and 3. The small oval orbicular stigma has distinct dark surround. In place of reniform stigma,
there is only a pale spot. Marginal area nebulous and dusky at costa and above centre. At margin a line of
delicate dark lunules. Hindwings grey with wide dusky blackish margin. Wing expanse: 36 mm. Somewhat
resembles Dasy.st. anceps, differing from same by the build of the antennae, more yellowish colouration and
marginal row of dots. From one A from the Erdshias-Dagh, captured in July.

canescens. A. canescens Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 137, pi. 33 g). The illustration was poor, much too dull yellow; we are

giving a better picture (18 d) of a $ from Dalmatia and a Portuguese $. The species is exceedingly variable. — -
calida. calida Trti. is a pale, faintly reddish form with reduced markings on clear ground. Oporto; Liguria. — aspho-
delioides ^e^°’^es Tdi. (18 d ) appears more smoothly scaled, grey-blue, more simply marked. Central area frequently
rather darker, the large stigmata pale and prominent. Hindwings of $ very dusky. Crimea; Amasia; Taurus.
aritzensis. — aritzensis Trti. (18 d) is a very dark, blue-grey, variegated form. Hindwings very characteristic with dark
plumbina. grey-brown triangular cuneiform marks at extremities of veins. Aritzo (Sardinia). - — - plumbina Osth. are ex¬
tremely dark blue-grey specimens with distinct whitish yellow markings. We are illustrating one such specimen
from Marash (18 d).

grisea. A. grisea D. Luc. (18 d) is, according to the description, most like canescens. Wing contour rather elong¬

ate. Forewings leaden grey with somewhat darker fringes having white inter spersions. The black anterior
transverse line is oblique. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are distinct, paler grey than ground colour. The
black postmedian line is clear and forms a rectangular bend. Subterminal line sharply dentate, whitish, parallel
to margin. Hindwings white peppered with grey, darker grey in $, with grey marginal line. Thorax grey ad¬
mixed with black, abdomen dark grey. Tunis (Kebili).

illecebrosa. A. illecebrosa Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 137, pi. 33 g). The illustration was unrecognisable. A better one is given

here (18 d).

styriaca. A. xantJiomista Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 137, pi. 33 h). — - styriaca Hofftn. is a dark form that is a nice blue-grey

nivea. with dusky black median area almost or completely devoid of yellow-red patches. Styria. — nivea Dhl. (18 e)
is a very fine, pale, almost whitish form that is small and with narrow wings. All yellow is absent, in contrast
to nivescens, which is richly spotted with yellow. The markings are a nice blue-grey, the black dentate trans¬
verse line in median area is absent. Hindwings glossy silvery white. The $ is rather more blackish grey, stig¬
mata clear and only faintly shaded. Southern Abruzzi (Montagna Grande, Pescocostanzo).

kalchbergi. A. kalclibergi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 138). We are now giving an illustration (18 e) of this rare little species

with its dark median band.

jonis. A. jonis Led. (Vol. 3, p. 138, pi. 33 i). Osthelder reports that he captured a specimen at Marash and

we are therefore able to more fully describe the species. It is smaller than suda with much more unicolourous,
impure grey forewings, that have not got the large white reniform stigma of suda. The illustration in Main Volume
is fairly good, but it should be smaller and the pale patches should be more heavily dusted with grey. It has
also been captured in Albania (Korab) by Rebel and Zerny.

schimae. A. suda Hbn. G. (Vol. 3, p. 138, pi. 33 i). — schimae Schaiv. has purer whitish grey forewings with darker

Ivmpida. median band. Bisina. — limpida Dhl. ( 18 e) is also a paler, milky white, clearly marked form, without any brownish
or yellowish hue, with a pale dull bluish grey median band with very meagre dark interspersion. Hindwings
pure white, dusted with faint blackish grey in $. A small race from the southern Abruzzi at altitudes of 1000 to
amasina. 1800 m. — amasina Stgr. should certainly not be classified with jonis and we are now giving a good illustration
(18 e).

sub- A. chi L. (Vol. 3, p. 138, pi. 33 i, 34 a). — subcaerulea Graes. is now illustrated (18 e). — • caerulescens

caerulea. Hartig is a very similar dark blue-grey. From the S. Tyrol. — diluta Hartig (= marsicana Dhl.) on the contrary
lesccns a very pale white local race, in which the markings are delicate pale grey and only the “X” shaped mark
diluta. posterior to the claviform stigma is deep black. Hindwings pure silvery white. North and central Italy. — •
aibo- albofasciata Kiefer has dark grey forewings with a distinct pale grey dentate band which is edged outwardlyby
fasciata. deep black. Enns Valley.

Puhl. 20. VII. 193 4.

RHIZOTYPE — VICTRIX. By Dr. M. Draudt.

145

44. Genus: Itliizotypc Hmps.

R. flammea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 138, pi. 34 a, b). — vividior Obth. is the Algerian form, that is common at riridior.
Lambessa and also at Tunis. It has paler grey marginal and deeper black median areas, so that the latter appears
more prominent.

R. crassicornis Obth. (18 e) resembles jodea, the $ antennae are more boldly serrate and ciliate. Fore- crassi-
wings with monotonous silky violet-grey marginal area, devoid of markings. No subterminal line or only vestiges
of same. Between the transverse lines there is a fairly wide rectangular velvety black patch in lower half of
median area. Hindwings with relatively large central lunule and darker marginal band. Digne; E. Pyrenees;
Albarracin; Algeria. In the latter locality — obscura Obth. frequently occurs. These are very dusky $$ with dark obsmra.
grey-black or red-black ground colour.

R. iodea Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 138, pi. 34 b). — rubidior Strd. head, thorax and forewings more profusely rubidior.
marked with red and without the whitish colouration. France and Spain. — schaefferi Obth. is a much paler schaefferi.
blue-grey form, the black markings are bleached to a dull grey-black. Digne and the Pyrenees.

45. Genus: Steiiostignia Warr.

S. inquieta Pglr. (18 f) closely resembles curva Stgr ., the markings are brighter and more variegated, inquieta.
Central area interrupted. The antennae with shorter cilia. Forewings uniformly grey with black basal streak,
median area somewhat more brownish, the central lines distinct and with short dentations; they conjoin below
centre, thus separating 2 patches. Orbicular stigma generally delicately extended to the small yellowish reni-
form stigma. Subterminal line absent, black longitudinal streaks anterior to margin and below apex a dark
oblique shade. Hindwings ashy grey with paler base. Aksu (E. Turkestan).

46. Genus: Atliaiim sistsi Hmps.

A. expressa Led. (Vol. 3, p. 139). We are giving illustrations of this species and of the form
Stgr. (18 f).

ochracea expressa.

ochracea

A. sapporensis Mats, is, according to the description, much like expressa. Forewings grey-brown with sappo-
coppery gloss. Subbasal line black-brown, anterior line double, only distinct below the mediana with pale grey rensis-
interfilling, angulated on vein 1. Orbicular stigma large, round with black surround, elliptical at top. Reni-
form stigma also large, both somewhat paler than ground with black and pale grey surrounds. Claviform stigma
large, conical, also with black surround and with coppery brown centre. The posterior transverse line double,
undulate, interfilled with black-brown, extended to dentations on 5 and 6. Subterminal line yellowish brown
anteriorly with coppery brown patches; posteriorly with a marginal line of black crescents. Hindwings grey
with grey-brown discal spot and posterior to same a transverse line. Wing expanse : 30 — 34 mm. Sapporo, Kyoto.

A. siderigera Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 139). This species is now being illustrated (ISf) from specimens in the siderigera.
Pungeler collection.

A. splendida 0. B.-H. Forewings ochreous yellow, black subbasal and anterior transverse lines. The splendida.
posterior half of median area, blackish, excepting for the yellow reniform stigma. Fringes yellow with black
checks. Hindwings grey with darker cell spot and 2 parallel dark transverse stripes. Head and thorax ochreous
yellow. Antennae bipectinated. Possibly this is only a yellow aberration of siderigera, analogous to the ochracea
form of expressa. Wing expanse: 30 mm. A single specimen from Sajan (Munku Sardyk).

A. cortex Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 139). We are also able to illustrate this species and the smaller grey form cortex.
corticula Pglr. from specimens in the Pungeler collection (18 f ) . — parvispina Tshet. is an Agrotidae and rorilcuIn-
mentioned on p. 88 of this Supplement and also illustrated on pi. 12 1.

46a. Genus: Victrix Stgr.

Whether this Genus, which was omitted from Main Volume, should be retained next to Athaumasta, is
open to question. From the description, which is very scant, the 3rd joint of palpi is longer and there is no
basal crest on abdomen. According to Filipjev, who has examined the type, the single species could well be
classified under Athaumasta.

V. karsiana Stgr. Thorax and forewings impure dark grey. Orbicular stigma large; the small reniform karsiana.
stigma is only indicated by a paler patch, at the outer edge of which there are a few dark and light dots.

Both transverse lines are only faint, with slightly paler edges on averted sides. Before the fringes there is a
row of black marginal dots. The veins are slightly dusted with whitish in marginal area. Hindwings impure

Supplementary Volume 3 19

plumbed.

inextrita.

fuscior.

coclcti.

nisseni.

luteo-

sordida.

roclilis.

sub-
limb ala.

sub-

marginata..

146 HYPOTYPE; BRYOMIMA; BLRPHARIDIA; SUGITANIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

white. Extremities of veins and marginal line impure grey. Wing expanse: 31 mm. Armenia (Kars). There
is a second specimen in the Leningrad Museum from Azkur (Transcaucasia) with somewhat darker hindwings,
captured in September. According to some views this is perhaps the same as Hypostilbia correpta Pglr. from
Urumtshi (Thien Shan), which however is certainly not a Cucullianae.

46b. Genus: Hypotype Hmps.

Is most closely related to Athaumasta, differing from same by the absence of tuft on thorax. It also
differs from the similar Genus Antitype by the abdomen, which only has a crest on the first segment, whilst
in Antitype the first 3—4 segments have crests. Only one palaearctic species:

H. plumbea Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 137). This species should be classified here and not under Antitype. We are
illustrating a nice specimen from the Pungeler collection (18 g).

47. Genus: Bryoinima S^r.

B. inextrita Pglr. ( extrita Hmps. nec Stgr.) (18 g). The extrita mentioned in Vol. 3, p. 140 belongs to
Lasiestra (p. 112). The species that Hampson had in mind is a Bryominea. Forewings grey brownish, peppered
with black. The blackish transverse lines have grey edges on averted sides. The whitish stigmata have grev-
brown centres and black surrounds. Orbicular stigma obliquely elliptical, posterior to same a distinctly un¬
dulate central line. There are small black dots anterior to the indistinct grey subterminal and black marginal
dots before the black and grey checked fringes. Hindwings brownish black. West and east Turkestan; Mongolia.

B. tenuicornis Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 140, pi. 34 e). — fuscior Strd. is much more darkly peppered with dusky
brownish on thorax and forewings. Turkestan.

B. codeti Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 114, pi. 24 c). As already mentioned under Ammetopa codeti Hmps. in this
Supplementary Volume, Warren’s description and illustration given here refers to Oberthur's species, which
belongs to Bryomima. This latter has about the size, colouration and markings of Met. felicina , but has narrower
wings and warmer roseate tone on thorax and forewings; see also description on p. 114 of Main Volume. W.
Algeria (Ain Sefra, Sebdou, Mecheria, occurring in May). — nisseni Rothsch. differs chiefly by the much more
sharply dentate and distinct transverse lines and greyer median area of forewings. Central Algeria (Guelt es
Stel) in March/April.

B. luteosordida Osth. (18 g) is nearest to carducha (Vol. 3, p. 140, pi. 34 e) but is more heavily built,
the antennae with bolder cilia. Forewings pale brownish yellow, sparsely speckled with darker brown. Brownish
transverse lines, the anterior one indistinct, double, the posterior one more distinct and sharply dentate. A
dark central shade is indicated below the cell. Stigmata pale yellow, sometimes with darker centres; orbicular
round; reniform quadrate. A double row of brownish striations on margin. Hindwings whitish, darker in $
with dusky margin. Taurus (Marash) in June/July.

49. Genus: Klepharldia Pglr.

B. coctilis Drt. (18 h) was described as a form of paspa , but it is so very different, that it may be assumed
to be a genuine species. The illustration of paspa (Vol. 3, p. 141, pi. 34 f) does not represent the original type,
but more probably refers to coctilis. We are therefore illustrating the gemune paspa again (lSg). coctilis is
much darker, a deeper brown to sepia-brown with paler basal and postmedian areas. Both stigmata are distinct
and with narrow white surrounds and bold dark centres. Hindwings much darker grey-brown. Szechuan.

B. sublimbata Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 141) was not illustrated in Main Volume. We are doing so now from a
specimen in the Pungeler collection (18 h).

B. submarginata 0. B.-H. (18 h) is very close to sublimbata, but smaller and more sleekly built. The
colour is a similar dark grey-brown, the transverse lines indistinct, as far as can be judged from the only types
available, which are rather worn $9- Chingan mountains at an altitude of 2000 m, in July.

49a. Genus: Sugitania Mats.

This is very close to Blepharidia, but has simple antennae, finely ciliate, the last segment of palpi
longer, straight and projecting forwards. Frons with conical tuft, prothorax also with tuft. On forewings vein
7 arises from centre of accessory cell, disco-cellular nervure very oblique and incurved. Only one species:

DASYSTERNUM; DASYTHORAX. By Dr. M. Draudt.

147

S. maculifera Mats. (18 h). Forewings grey-brown, paler above mediana in costal half, with dark trans- maculifera.
verse lines. The mediana is widely velvety black-brown, conjoined with orbicular and reniform stigmata, which
are of the same shade. The former is round, the latter triangular, both finely edged by yellowish. The undulate
transverse lines are only visible below mediana, the posterior line has yellowish outer edge. Subterminal line
is undulate, yellowish with outer black-brown shade forming spots in cellules 3 — 5. Hindwings grey-brown.

Wing expanse: 36 — 39 mm. Honsho (Japan). The species closely resembles Blepharidia costalis Btlr. (Vol. 3,
p. 141, pi. 34 f) and it is impossible to judge from the rather rough copy of HamFson, whether it is not identical.

51. Genus: Dasysteriiiim Stgr.

D. lea Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 142). This was not illustrated in Main Volume and an illustration is now being lea.
given (18 h).

D. colluta Pglr. i. 1. (?) (18 h) is very like juditha (Vol. 3, p. 142, pi. 34 i) but paler, greyer, markings collula.
sparser and less distinct, the median area wider and not so dark, stigmata barely indicated. Askhabad.

D. variabile Stertz is closest to bacheri Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 143, pi. 34 i). Forewings impure ashy grey or variabile.
reddish brown, paler in $, inclined to impure whitish grey, coarsely and densely scaled. Fringes faintly checked.
Transverse lines blackish, dentate, the discal area between same faintly darker or unicolourous, narrower in
lower half. Stigmata fairly large, roundish, pale but indistinct. Hindwings yellowish white with thin black
marginal line and fainter central line that does not extend to costa. Antennae of $ with shorter pectinations
than bacheri. Wing expanse: 34 mm. Algeria (Guelt es Stel).

D. faroulti Rothsch. seems somewhat similar. Thorax and forewings cinnamon-grey, orbicular stigma faroulii.
punctiform. Large reniform stigma white with brown inner edge. Transverse lines dark cinnamon-brown, the
anterior section with 3 angulations, the posterior part boldly undulate extending obliquely inwards. Both
lines edged with white on averted sides. Subterminal line white. Fringes with whitish checks. Hindwings impure
whitish grey, whiter towards margin with delicate brown marginal line. Wing expanse: 44 mm. Algeria (El
Messrane).

D. anceps Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 143). We are now giving an illustration of this species, that looks just like anceps.
Antitype rufocincta mucida (18 i).

D. glaux Pglr. i. 1. ( ?) (18 i) resembles D. tibetanum (Vol. 3, p. 143, pi. 35 a) but has narrower wings glaux.
with more oblique outer margin. Forewings slate-grey, the lines and stigmata only apparent through an inter-
spersion of ochreous yellow. Fringes mixed with ochreous brownish. Hindwings dark grey-brown with pale
yellow fringes. Central Asia (Aksu; Lob-nor).

52. Genus: Dasythorax Stgr.

D. rofroui Rothsch. It is not quite certain whether this should be classified here. It has cinnamon-brown roiroui.
thorax and forewings, the latter peppered with black and with incomplete anterior transverse line that extends
obliquely outwards to vein 2. The posterior line is black, curved and dentate. Orbicular stigma with black
surround and centre, the large reniform stigma whitish. Subterminal area boldly peppered with black. Hind¬
wings milky white. Wing expanse: 34 mm. Messer in Algeria, in September, based on a single $.

D. hirsute Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 143, pi. 35 b). The illustration was not good, we are giving a better one here hirsuta.
(18 i). This very rare species also occurs in the Tyrol and according to Bottrsin it is found in France (Bessee-
sur-Durance) in the Hautes Alpes at an altitude of 1000 m.

D. rasilis Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 143, pi. 35 b) can also scarcely be recognised from the illustration in Main rasilis.
Volume and a better picture is given here (18 i).

D. draudti Osth. (18 i) is possibly a larger more westerly local race of glebicolor Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 143, draudti.
pi. 35 b). It is much larger, less olive, more grey-brown with a yellowish, reddish or greenish hue. Transverse
lines more boldly dentate. Orbicular stigma absent, reniform stigma with only faintly darker centre or uni¬
coloured. Hindwings uniform blackish grey. Taurus (Marash). According to Osthelder's views possibly also
a form of the red Autophila libanotica Stgr., which with Autophila subjusca Clir. would also probably have been
better classified with the Dasythorax. It would seem a difficult task to draw a definite distinctive line between
these so closely related Genera. In my opinion the species is really very similar to depressa Pglr. described as
a Spintherops and it is questionable whether they are not identical. The latter is from Askhabad. Description
and illustration seem to tally exactly, only depressa is said to be a more ashen grey.

148

RHYNCHAGLAEA — CONISTRA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

scitula.

kumamo-

tonis.

albibasis.

brunneor.

nigricans.

olivacea.

flavi-

maculata.

ochrea.

unipuncta.

conjuncta.

canaria.

rubetra.

pallida.

niveata.

intermedia.

luridago.

eriophora.

perspicua.

unicolor.

lucasi.

impleta.

inlricata.

acutula.

scortea.

53. Genus: Itliyncliaglaca Hmps.

R. scitula Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 154). I have before me, from Hoene's collection from Japan, some 200 spe¬
cimens of this exceedingly variable species. No two specimens are identical! No purpose would be served by
denominating all these forms. In the type the basal streak is absent. — kumamotonis Mats, has a black tri¬
angular mark basally below mediana. — albibasis /. n. has a white patch there. Instead of giving innumerable
descriptions, we are illustrating a series of the different forms (18 e). Ground colour may be whitish, grey to
black, yellow, brown or dark brown, blue-grey to slate-black. Markings may be pale or dark, stigmata are
sometimes white, yellow, brown or jet-black with pale or dark surrounds. Again the markings may be distinct
or quite diffuse, so that innumerable variations are possible. It would indeed be possible to give thousands
of denominations !

54. Genus: Eupsilia Hbn.

E. satellitia L. (Vol. 3, p. 144, pi. 35 c). — brunneor Strd. a form that is very briefly described as “ brown”
and no reason is stated, why this specimen should be separated from brunnea Lampa. — nigricans P . Schulze
is a blackish suffused, probably melanic form. — olivacea Porritt has olive-greenish ground colour. — flavi-
maculata Len'z has yellow reniform stigma and would seem to correspond to the type or the form brunnea. —
ochrea Lenz is a form that is paler, more ochreous yellowish in marginal area.

E. unipuncta Scriba closely resembles the preceding species, but is immediately distinguishable by a
round white dot in place of reniform stigma. All the other markings in the same arrangement as in satellitia,
but very indistinct. Hindwings dark grey. Japan.

56. Genus: Orhona PLbn.

0. fragariae Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 145, pi. 35 e). — conjuncta Hirschke has both stigmata of cell conjoined,
canaria Dhl. denotes the form that is greyer with heavier blackish interspersions. — rubetra Dhl. is unicoloured
dark brown. — pallida DM. is pale yellow-grey or grey-brown with almost obsolete markings.

57. Genus: Xantholeiica Steph.

X. croceago F. (Vol. 3, p. 145, pi. 35 f). — niveata Obth. is the form from Sebdou and Lambessa in Algeria
It occurs there from November to March and is a much paler yellowish white form that occasionally has a
greenish tinge and is without definite markings. — intermedia Obth. is a transition form from S. France (Digne)
and the Pyrenees, paler, pinkish with fainter markings. We are giving an illustration (18 1). — luridago Dhl.
is a nice race from the S. Tyrol with ground colour between pale yellow and dull orange with nebulous mark¬
ings which are paler or darker grey-blue and olive-brownish. This form is taken chiefly in the Etsch and
Eisack valleys up to the Mendel region (altitude 14- 1500 m).

58. Genus: (Jouistra Hbn.

C. eriophora Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 146, pi. 35 g). The illustration was not good, we are giving a fresh picture
here (18 1). perspicua Pglr. is a much darker grey, less reddish and distinctly marked local form, resembling
the rather more broadly built veronicae. Markings however are more distinct. From E. Turkestan (Chamil-
Hami). We are also illustrating this form from a specimen in the Pungeler collection (181).

0. erythrocephala F . (Vol. 3, p. 146, pi. 35 g). unicolor D. Luc. is a unicolourous dark scarcely marked
form from Algeria. lucasi Culot is a very dark glossy form with dull black subterminal dots and spots around
reniform stigma. Algeria.

V. vau-punctatum Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 146, pi. 35 h). — impleta Spul. has orbicular stigma with intensely
black centre and reniform stigma surrounded by black dots. — intricata Dup. is a transition form to immaculata
with reduced and faint black dots around stigmata.

C. acutula St.gr. (Vol. 3, p. 146, pi. 35 h). Warren evidently has mistaken the v. scortea for the type
form and Osthelder has drawn attention to this; acutula is the grey -black form, that has the colour of ligula
polita, — scortea St.gr. on the other hand is pale grey-brown with blackish grey markings. The illustration in
Main Volume therefore actually depicts a dark scortea, which however really should be a shade lighter. The species,
that has hitherto only been found around Jerusalem, is now reported by Osthelder to occur near Marash
(Taurus) although in a slightly varying form. Forewings grey-black with deep reddish brown suffusion and

CONISTRA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

149

silvery grey marginal area. The distinctly double transverse lines are intertilled with grey, as is also the reni-
form stigma. Hindwings white-grey, marbled with darker shades and blackish veins and 2 transverse lines.
The specimens are also slightly larger (wing expanse: 32— 35 mm).

C. veronicae Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 147, pi. 35 h) is reported by Oberthur to occur at Lambessa in Algeri a. veronicae.

— nigrovenosa Preissecker is a form with especially prominent veins; from the Tyrol. uigro-

venosa.

C. ardescens Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 147, pi. 35 i). As the type form is not recognisably shown, we are giving ardcscm s.
a fresh illustration (18 1) of a specimen from the Pungeler collection. — obscurior Strd. is darker brown, the obscurior.
subterminal and the rather pale area anterior to same, is reddish ochre. Orbicular and reniform stigmata with
pale centres, hindwings darker; from Yokohama: probably this form is the same as pallidistigma Warr., which
would then have priority. — purpurea Wilem. is described as having crimson brown forewings, pale ochreous purpurea.
stigmata and submarginal band, as well as with blackish hindwings with red-brown fringes. From Yezo. This
form also may well be synonymous with pallidistigma, a description of which was published in January 1911,
purpurea only later.

C. nawae Mats, is a larger species. Forewings brown with reddish brown markings, dusted with leaden nuwac.
grey in costal area, more reddish in inner marginal area. Anterior transverse line angulated on mediana with
pale grey inner edge. Orbicular stigma large, indistinct, oval, elliptical at top with red-brown surround. Reni¬
form stigma similarly with a black-brown spot at lower angle of cell. The mediana red-brown. The distinct
posterior transverse line oblique with pale grey outer edge. The obsolete pale subterminal line is reddish in
every interstice. Hindwings, as the forewings, with somewhat darker discal spot. Wing expanse: 40 mm.

Honsho (Gifu).

C . vaccinii L. (Vol. 3, p. 147, pi. 36 a). This variable species, of which so many forms have already
been denominated, has again been favoured with further names, of which many would appear really super¬
fluous. — fusca Lenz a deep brown form, like glabroides Fuchs but without pale bands. — - mixfa-grisea Lenz
like mixta but with grey median area. — grisescens Obth.-Culot is extensively dusted with grey, thorax however
is red-brown. robusta Engramelle is a reddish yellow form, markings and marginal area are rusty brown. -
hiitmeri Culot (= polita IF. V. nec Hbn.) is almost grey-black, veins very delicately paler, subterminal area
also paler. — flavofasciata D. Luc. forewings and thorax brown admixed with reddish or almost black with
subterminal line formed of yellow dots. Algeria. — obscuro-spadicea Heinr. combines the characteristics of
obscura and spadicea , dark grey ground colour with black shaded bands. From around Berlin. — caerulescens
Preiss. & Galv. has bluish dusting over costal area, two-thirds of inner margin of central area and around trans¬
verse lines. From the Enns valley. — mixta-spadicea Spul. combines the pale brown mixta characteristics with
the black transverse bands of spadicea. — spadicea-grisea Obth. has dark transverse bands on pale grey ground
colour. Martigny.

C. ligula Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 148, pi. 36 c) differs from vaccinii by the more pointed, slightly protracted
apex and rather more bulging margin of forewing. Generally too it is slightly smaller. - brigensis Bsd. is a
somewhat larger form, it tends to bluish grey with rather paler subterminal area. Valais. — pulverulenta Culot
from Collioure is a small, pale sandy brown form, a transition to brigensis. — jullieni Culot originally described
as a species, is according to Vorbrodt, certainly only an aberration of ligula. It differs by the posterior trans¬
verse line, which is not dentate, but which appears as a delicate parallel double line. The central shade also
is not oblique, but vertical to inner margin. Described from Geneva.

fusca.

mixta-

grisea.

grisescens.

robusta.

hubneri.

flavo¬

fasciata.

obscuro-

spadicea.

caeru¬

lescens.

mixta-

spadicea.

spadicea-

grisea.

ligula.

brigensis.

pulveru¬

lenta.

jullieni.

C. torrida Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 148, pi. 36 d, e). — amaura Schaw. costa is not paler.

amaura.

C. rubighiea F. (Vol. 3, p. 148, pi. 36 d, e). As is the case with vaccinii , so also with this very variable nibiginea.
species, a large number of forms have received new names. — modesta and — conipleta described as “fulvous”, modesta.
should have been described as fuscous. Actually Oberthur is the author of these two forms, as he denominated completa.
them 2 years before Hampson. — modestissima Obth. is quite pale ochreous yellow, the angulated central shade modestis-
is distinct. — fereunicolor Obth. ha? rather more markings than the monotonous unicolor Tutt. — delicatula sima'

Obth. is coloured and marked as unicolor , but subterminal line is indicated by a row of white dots. — - favrei
Obth. is a completa form, in which there are traces of white markings. — barettik Obth. is an english form, delicatula.
in which there are scarcely any black spots on forewings, the entire marginal area of hindwings is widely ^arrc^:.
ochreous. — albistigma Dhl. are unicoloured specimens, pale yellow, fuscous or deep brown having only the albistigma.
merest faint indication of stigmata and minute white dots on each side of centre of same. Described from S. Ty¬
rol. — euanthes G. M . Schultz is brick-red with creamy yellow marginal band and stigmata, spots in basal euanthes.
area and around the reniform stigma are also creamy yellow. Bolzano. — elsa G. M . Schultz has an expansion clsa.
of the creamy yellow colour, the brick-red shade is now restricted to the central area, sometimes even to the
lower half of central area. Bolzano. - anteniarginalis Dhl. is unicoloured fuscous with blackish subterminal ante-
band. N. Germany (Hanover). marginal is.

150

OMPHALOSCELIS ; EREMOPOLA; SPUDAEA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

rubigo. C. rubigo Rbr. ( 18 1) is a species that is definitely distinct from rubiginea, as first ascertained by Henriot.

Like Sp. ruticilla it is a spring species, that emerges in February and March and whilst being exceedingly similar
superficially to rubiginea, the genitalia are different and this was first ascertained by Rambur and subsequently
confirmed by Boursin. The rusty red ground colour generally extends over the entire wing, whilst the black
spot markings are absent on forewings. On underside of forewings the black reniform stigma is absent, whilst
joannisi. in rubiginea it is always present; besides rubigo is always smaller on the average. — joannisi Henr. is a form
that is parallel to the graslini of rubiginea in which costa, base, stigmata and subterminal areas are grey-white.
Hitherto only found in S. W. France (departments of Gironde, Landes and Lot) but probably also occmTing
in the Pyrenees.

cos* C. staudingeri Grasl. (Vol. 3. p. 148, pi. 36 e, f). — eos Culot has lilac grey forewings like livina, but

obscurior. central shade and fringes are a rich pale brown as thorax. — obscurior Culot is a glossy deep black-brown form
vaccinoides. from Vernet les Bains and also from Spain; we are giving an illustration (18 1). — vaccinoides Obth. is a dark
chestnut brown, boldly marked with distinct central shade. E. Pyrenees.

59. Genus: Omphaloscelis limps.

polybela. 0. polybela Joan. (Vol. 3, p. 24, pi. 5 b) should be classified here and not among the Agrotidae. The

illustration in Main Volume was bad and we are now giving a better one of this interesting species (18 m).

teukyrana. 0. teukyrana Trti. (18 m) reminds one rather of lunosa Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 149, pi. 36 h). Ground colour

of type is olive-brownish with dark brown markings. Both transverse lines are double with somewhat paler
interfilling; anterior line less distinct; subterminal line consists of a row of minute black dots. Both stigmata
small and very indistinct. Posterior to reniform stigma is a deep dark central shade. Hindwings whitish with
adusta. faint black discal spot. - adusta Trti. (18 m) is a very deep fuscous form with similar markings which are barely
visible in the deep ground colour. Hindwings slightly dusky. Cyrenaica in November.

59a. Genus: SHreinopola Warr.

This Genus is closely related to the preceding, but the process on frons is not semicircular, but truricate
conical, triangular, cordiform with somewhat dentate edge. Antennae of $ with long bipectinations, thorax
with hair scales, abdomen without crests. No material difference in neuration, only on hindwings veins 6 and 7
with short stalk. One form was placed in the Genus Grammoscelis Hmps., which only covers one south african
species G. leuconeura Hmps., but they are not quite identical in character. In Grammoscilis the antennae have
much shorter pectinations, thorax is covered with wider scales and has both anterior and posterior tufts and
well developed proboscis, which in Eremopola is rudimentary.

Generic type: E. lenis Stgr.

Icnis. E. lenis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 181). According to Boursin ’s examination of the type, this is a Cucullianae and

should be classified here; lenis was originally described as a Phoebophilus , but has proved itself to be the type
of many closely similar forms of a widely distributed species. The smallest form has ashy grey forewings, flecked
with blackish, faintly suffused with brownish in basal and outer marginal areas, with whitish basal and sub¬
terminal lines and a black dentate posterior transverse line. Both upper stigmata white, claviform stigma
with black surround. Hindwings snow-white with delicate black marginal line. This type is from Jerusalem
warma- (Palestine). — marmarides Trti. from Berka (Cyrenaica) is much larger and a bolder cinnamon-reddish but
rides, nevertheless fairly heavily dusted with ashy grey. For this form the Genus: Libyana Trti. was created. -
magnifica. magnifica Rothsch. (18 m) described as a Grammoscelis, is superficially very similar to the preceding form, but
radoti. is perhaps a little more reddish and more variegated by the interspersion of yellowish shades. Algeria. — radoti
Bouts. (18 m) is the Spanish form, for which the Genus: Poteriophora Hours, was created. It is slightly smaller
and more dainty. There is less admixture of red in ground colour, which is more sandy brownish. Subterminal
and central areas somewhat more grey-brown. Pectinations of antennae seem slightly longer. Lerida.

60. Genus: Spiulaca Snell.

S. ruticilla Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 149, pi. 36 i). A great number of new names have been bestowed on this
unicolor, small species. — unicolor Heinr. are unicoloured specimens with completely extinct markings, except for a dark
shade at reniform stigma and the dark speck at subterminal line; it may be identical with castanea Warr. —
lincata. lineata Heinr. is like unicolor, but has a striking wide, yellow-white subterminal line; the lower half of reniform
dilutior. stigma is not darker than the upper half. Described from Digne. — dilutior Heinr. with faint markings, occurs
variegata. both in the grey and red forms. — variegata DM. denotes grey-brown specimens with wide black-brown central
area and the other portions of wings more speckled and therefore this may be said to be the most variegated form.

AMATHES. By Dr. M. Draudt.

15]

— rufovariegata DM. is the same with red-brown ground. — griseovariegata DM. with pale grey ground. — ru/o-
ornata DM,, are specimens without markings, but with a dense row of bold black-brown dots anterior to sub- varieqala.

x ° . . (ITXHfiO-

terminal line and as a continuation of the dot on costa. The last 4 forms from the S. Tyrol. — fuliginosa variegala.
Stertz are strikingly deep nut-brown specimens; forewings devoid of markings, even the dark reniform stigma ornatu.
is absent. A pale very fine outer marginal line is retained. From Rome and Algeria (Hammam R’hira).
rubra Stgr. i. 1. are specimens of very rufous hue.

S. witzenmanni Stfs. (Vol. 3, p. 150, pi. 36 i) is an Agrotidae, compare Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 88.

S. eucrinita Trti. There is still a doubt as to its classification and it is compared to C. witzenmanni eucrinUa.
and may perhaps be an Agrotidae , as 2 short dainty “spine” on hind femora are mentioned, which may however
have been intended for spurs. It may temporarily be placed here. Forewings impure grey; orbicular stigma
elongate, obliquely oval with black surround; between same and the very large reniform stigma there is a black
triangle. Both transverse lines blackish, the anterior one dentate, the posterior consisting of delicate lunules,
commencing at costa with black oblique dashes. A short black streak basally below mediana. There are 3
distinct black sagittate marks anterior to the faint subterminal line. Hindwings impure grey, darker towards
margin with whitish fringes. Wing expanse: 40 mm. Karakorum at an altitude of 4000 m.

62. Genus: Amatltes Hbn.

A. tripolensis limps, is classified after rupicapra (Vol. 3, p. 150, pi. 36 k). Head, thorax bluish brown, tripo-
admixed with grey. Forewings similarly, speckled with darker shades. Both transverse lines indistinctly double, lerisis-
dark and intertilled with whitish. In place of orbicular stigma a dark oblique streak. Reniform stigma a black-
brown lunule. Subterminal line consists of a row of small dark spots in interstices, further dark spots on margin.
Hindwings white, faintly brownish, with small blackish discal spot and obsolete subterminal. Wing expanse:

3 8 mm. Tripoli.

A. Inumilis F . (Vol. 3, p. 150, pi. 36 k). — krauti Lax has very pale ashy grey ground colour with heavily tcrauti.

contrasting dark brown, almost black stigmata which are reduced in size and have wide yellow surrounds. -

rufescens Hofer is heavily suffused with rufous. — nigroniaculata Hofer has orbicular and reniform stigmata rufescens.

with black centres and seems identical with hrauti and in such a case could claim priority. mgro-

r macnlata.

A. lychnidis F. (Vol. 3, p. 150, pi. 36 k). — silesiaca Schultz has very dusky forewings, transverse lines, silesiaca.
stigmata and veins pale yellowish, hindwings black; appears to closely resemble canaria. — sobria Schaw. is sobria.
a rich bluish brown form with stigmata merged in ground colour. From Mostar. — alba Porritt is almost devoid alba.
of markings, white with faint rufous suffusion. England.

A. egorovi O.B.-H. (18 m). A nice very distinct species, somewhat resembling scabra Stgr. (Vol. 3, egorovi.
p. 150, pi. 37 c) pale creamy yellow with angulated olive-brown central shade and pale grey subterminal band.

A blackish subbasal spot in cell. Stigmata with faintly darker surrounds, reniform stigma with black lower
lobe. Hindwings white. Dagestan (Ghodzhil Machi) in September.

A. lactiflora sp. n. (19 a) is somewhat like the preceding. Wing contour is narrower, margin more oblique, lactillora.
Ground colour pale bay, flecked with pale brownish. A pale brown dot subbasally in cell. Both transverse
lines double, very faint pale brownish with slightly lighter interfilling. Orbicular stigma not visible, reniform
stigma very faintly outlined, 5 — 6 minute black-brown scales, only visible with a magnifying glass, at its lower
edge. A similar angulated central shade as in egorovi, but here it is of the same pale brownish shade. Instead
of the subterminal line, which is only indicated below costa by a faint inner patch, there is a row of small black-
brown dots in interstices, that expand slightly between 4 and 6 and form triangles. The delicately undulate
marginal line very pale brownish. Base line of fringes somewhat paler than ground colour. Hindwings pure
white with yellowish veins and marginal line. One $ from Diabekr in the collection of Draudt.

A. lcindermanni F . v. R. (Vol. 3, p. 151, pi. 37 c). — rufa Osth. has quite deep rufous or red-brown colour- rufa.
ation. The greenish grey ground colour is only to be seen in traces at base and on costa. Marginal area is whitish
grey, fringes reddish. Hindwings unicoloured dark grey-black with narrowly fainter margin and reddish grey
fringes. Marash (Taurus), also from Amasia.

A. haematidea Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 151, pi. 37 d). — causta Trti. is deep black-brown, only costa is still causta.
slightly speckled with grey. Subterminally there are 4 yellowish dashes on costa and a barely visible subterminal
line. Hindwings grey-black with rose fringes. Sardinia. Probably this form is identical with — atra Wgnr. aim.
i. 1. (19 a), of which there are specimens under this denomination in the Pungeler collection. It is a deep slate-
black form, sparsely scaled with white on costa and with all other markings indistinct. Tunis (Ain Draliam).

152

ATETHMIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

‘pallida.

bipunctala.

Irigga.

immacu-

lata.

pallida.

blidaensis.

calenala.

clara.

uniformis.

cinerca.

meridio¬

nalis.

conjuncta.

meridio¬

nalis.

lucida.
alter nala.

medio-

fasciaia.

man-

suetella.

man-

suetodes.

man-

suetana.

xcr-

ampelina.

lutea.

nigropicta.

pallida.

maculifera.

flava.

algirica.

A. lota L. (Vol. 3, p. 151, pi. 37 d). — pallida Heinr. denotes specimens with very pale grey ground
colour. Digne. — bipunctata Wehrli has a second black dot with brown surround, situate on mediana between
the two stigmata. The surrounds of the stigmata are conjoined. From Thurgovia. — frigga Skala has a wide
pale marginal band on hindwings. From upper Miihlgraben.

A. macilenta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 151, pi. 37 e). — immaculata Gaukler has brown forewings without mark¬
ings, reniform stigma with its dark dot is absent, also the reddish straight line with its whitish edge anterior
to margin. Carlsruhe. — pallida Hofer is a form with bleached yellowish ochre ground colour in which there
is no trace of rufous on upper or undersides. Normal markings otherwise. Vienna.

A. blidaensis Stertz closely resembles lota, but is smaller, with paler ground colour, checked fringes,
anterior to which is a distinct black undulate line. The subterminal is paler than in lota. Both stigmata with
pale reddish surrounds, reniform stigma with large round black dot in lower half. No pale patches at apical
margin. Both transverse lines dissolved into irregular double rows of dots and between them a distinct brown
central band. Hindwings paler than in lota. Algeria (Blidah les Glacieres), in November.

A. circellaris Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 151, pi. 37 e). — catenata DM. anterior to subterminal line there is a
wide band of narrow black oblique spots. S. Tyrol. clara Schultz has yellowish white forewings with extinct
transverse markings .

A. helvola L. (Vol. 3, p. 152, pi. 37 f). — uniformis Spul. has very distinct markings on unicoloured
ground, no paler patches in median and marginal areas. — cinerea Obth. is a unicoloured ashen grey form, devoid
of markings from Lambessa (Algeria). — meridionalis DM. are large specimens with pale, faintly greenish colour¬
ation and variegated markings. S. Tyrol.

A. litura (Vol. 3, p. 152, pi. 37 g). - conjuncta Hofer has orbicular and reniform stigmata conjoined by
a protraction of their lower edges. Described from Vienna, but also occurring elsewhere. — meridionalis Stgr.
We are illustrating this striking race from Digne and Castile (19 a).

A. lucida Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 152, pi. 37 h). There is a further synonym to be added to this species: —
pistacinoides d’Aubuisson. — alternata DM. bands are widely black-brown and contrast strongly with ground
colour. Such specimens usually have deep black hindwings. S. Tyrol. — niediofasciata Stauder is similar, but
has only one heavy dark central band. Pola.

A. mansueta H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 152, pi. 37 k). — mansuetella Strd. a deep crimson-brown median area to
submedian fold on forewings. — niansuetodes Strd. with head, thorax and forewings inclined to grey-brown. An
oriental form. mansuetana Strd. resembles rufescens but marginal area of forewings, with the exception of
apex, is crimson brownish.

63. Genus: Atetliinla Hbn.

A. xerampelina Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 153, pi. 28 f). The type of this very variable species is not well illustrated
and we are giving a better picture here (19 a). It seems questionable to me whether all the forms classified
under pallida, some of which seem to vary very considerably, are conspecific. My own opinion is that there
are several species. — lutea Bromb. is lemon-yellow and without markings, except for the very narrow dark
marginal area, the outlines to central area are completely absent. From Freiburg i. B. — nigropicta Schaw. has
reniform stigma, lower median half and outer margin a black-brown shade instead of reddish yellow. Bosnia.
The “greyish -purple” mentioned in Main Volume for the type is not correct, it is a nice fuscous, sometimes
almost pompeian red. — pallida Stgr. we are illustrating a number of the forms (19 a, b) embraced under this
denomination and as already stated it is doubtful as to whether they should all be classified under this species.
There are whitish yellow, pale reddish yellow and pure pale reddish forms, with and without the dark median
area, outlined by pale or dark lines, with and without stigmata and the whole should be subjected to a close
examination to determine to what degree they are related. — maculifera Stgr. (19 b) has blackish reniform
stigma and black basal spot. Osthelder and Schwingenschuss state that there is a rufous reniform stigma
as well. flava Rbl. (19 b) are pure lemon-yellow specimens without any reddish admixture and indistinct trans¬
verse lines with white edges on averted sides. Described from Angora, but also reported from Marash (Taurus)
and specimens from there have brownish reniform stigma and median area.

A. algirica Cxi, lot (19 b) resembles both the reddish pallida forms and ambusta rubens. Forewings with
heavily dentate outer margin and more distinct angle in centre than the former. Forewings reddish yellow with
3 delicate paler whitish transverse lines, an almost straight subbasal line and two central lines. These enclose
the slightly darker median area with its very large reniform stigma and delicate pale surround. Marginal area

Pull. 20. VII. 1934.

CO SMI A. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

increasingly darker with bolder angle in centre of margin. Hindwings pale reddish yellow-grey, inclined to
reddish grey towards margin. Algeria in the province of Oran.

A. ambusta F. (Vol. 3, p. 153, pi. 28 g). — • rubens Stgr. is now being illustrated (19 b) from a typical rubens.
specimen from Armenia. It strongly resembles algirica, but has whitish hindwings. — syriaca Osth. (19 c) is syriucu.
certainly not identical with rubens. Forewings pale yellowish with reddish sheen and faintly darkened discal
area. Transverse lines and stigmata indistinct, margin narrowly dark red, fringes blackish. Hindwings white
with faint reddish hue, the $ $ are darker, deeper brown with still duskier discal area. From Marash in the Taurus.

A. obscura Osth. (19 c) closely resembles the preceding species, differing by the more elongate and nar- obscura.
rower wing contour with more pointed, slightly falcate apex and much more oblique margin, which is less
deeply scalloped. Forewings dark brown, inclined to blackish in $. Transverse lines pale, more delicately drawn
than in ambusta. They extend more obliquely and are more sharply angulated below costa. Subterminal line
is very indistinct, almost straight. Hindwings pure white, reddish grey in outer area in $, with discal lunule and
blackish marginal line. Marash in the Taurus.

64. Genus: Closmia Tr.

C. aurago F. (Vol. 3, p. 153, pi. 24 li). — - purpurago Dhl. has deep golden yellow to deep orange ground purpurago.
colour with a tinge of rich red, the markings vary considerably in depth and are dark blue-grey. — pyroxesta pyroxesta.
Dhl. (19 c) are completely unicolourous specimens of purpurago , the ground colour is a nice orange with violet
sheen. — - pedinea Dhl. is an extreme unicolor, plain whitish yellow and devoid of markings, sometimes very pedinea.
daintily suffused with reddish or bluish reddish. All 3 from the southern Abruzzi.

C. lutea Strom. (Vol. 3, p. 154, pi. 24 i). — pallida Schwing. has forewings a very pale yellow and faintly pallida.
marked .

C . fulvago L. (Vol. 3, p. 154, pi. 24 i, k). — fulvescens /. n. (19 c) is a form of asiatica Hmps. that corres- fulvescens.
ponds to flavescens, deep yellow, devoid of markings except for the lower half of reniform stigma, only the
extremities of fringes are slightly darker. Ili and Issyk-kul in the collection of Pungeler. — decolor Schultz decolor.
is very pale sulphur yellow, completely devoid of markings, reniform stigma also absent. — - aurantia Tutt on aurantia.
the other hand is darker orange-yellow. — • signiago Doring is an especially small asiatica form, forewings some- sigmago.
what orange-yellow like the thorax, diffuse brown markings, costal spots present. It is distinguishable by a
brown angulated central band extending from costal margin over the central spot to the lower angle of cell,
almost forming a right angle and proceeding somewhat diffusedly to inner margin. The author considers this
to be a high altitude race. Wing expanse: 29 — 31.5 mm. Turkestan, Alexander Mountains.

C. tunicata Graes. (Vol. 3, p. 154, pi. 24 k). — flavicans Doring f.n. (19 c) is the form that corresponds flavicans.
to flavescens of fulvago and is quite devoid of the bluish brown marking of postmedian area. Traces of a trans¬
verse lines are visible and especially the brownish central shade. Ussuri. According to the investigations of
Doring tunicata is certainly a genuine species.

C. gilvago Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 154, pi. 28 g). There were certain inaccuracies in regard to this species and gilvago.
the subsequent one in the Main Volume and these can now be rectified thanks to the careful investigations of
the late Dr. W. Bath (Halle). There are only 2 species: gilvago and ocellaris and these cover all the many forms,
including erythrago, which lias been held to be a separate species. The gilvago type is pale yellowish ochre with
blackish or bluish grey-brown marking of transverse lines. The illustration in Main Volume is fairly typical.

— ^ griseosignata Spul. has paler markings, especially the central band is inclined to be pale bluish grey. The griseo-
illustration is incorrect and according to Bath it represents the intermedia form of ocellaris. We are therefore Slduata.
giving a fresh illustration of this form (19 d). — - suffusa Tutt has brown-grey ground colour, otherwise it is cor- suffusa.
rectly described and illustrated. — cinnamomeago Spul. on the other hand is wrongly diagnosed and illustrated, cinnamo-
Ground colour is cinnamon red with considerable extension of the bluish grey band markings. It is illustrated mca3°-
afresh here (19 d). — palleago Hbn. (= erythrago Warr.) has ochreous yellow ground colour with extensive pallcago.
rusty brown markings, so that the fore wings often appear quite rusty red. In the Main Volume the illustration
is too pale yellow and a correct illustration is given here (19 d). — - algirica A. B.-H. ( = batnaensis Obth .) (19 d) algirica.
has ground colour a much paler yellow-grey to pale ochreous yellow shade, the markings also vary in extent
and from pale grey to rusty brownish. Hindwings are relatively dark. This is chiefly a North African form,
but it also occurs in Spain and elsewhere in S. Europe. — - rubra A. B.-H. (= pseudolineago Schwing. i. 1.). rubra.

This closely resembles many palleago specimens, but is a still deeper rusty brown, with very dark marginal
area to forewings and whitish dusted veins, being very similar to many an ocellaris and therefore erroneously
classified by its author to ocellaris. — austauti Obth. (19 d) is the palest form of algirica with impure yellowish austav.ti.
white forewings and only with faint traces of brownish or greyish markings of stigmata and transverse lines.

Algeria. The following have also been described: — gilvagella Strd. an english form. Forewings and body pure gilvagella.
yellow with brown spots and heavily black subterminal markings. — • xantheago Schaw. is a paler ochreous xantheago.
yellow form of palleago from East Bosnia, Mostar, which would about correspond to the illustration of erythrago

Supplementary Volume 3 20

154

PYROIS; AMPHIPYRA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

monilifera. in the Main Volume (28 h). — • monilifera Culot denotes a form of austauti that is brownish and more darkly
rosina. speckled and — rosina Culot is a uniformly salmony pink form. Both from Algeria. — • subsp. bathi Doring has
1 11 ' yellowish ground colour with a tinge of brownish. The brown central marking is inclined to be absent and is
pale brown only between the central shade and posterior transverse stripe; orbicular and reniform stigmata
have distinct brown surrounds, the latter with pale brown centre and yellowish white dot. Hindwings white,
faintly suffused with brownish, but the inner marginal area is not brownish as is usually the case with gilvago.
fuscescens. Syr Darja. Aube Ata, Issyk-kul. — - f. fuscescens Doring is a uniformly reddish dusted specimen of the previous
form. The larva of gilvago and its forms eeds exclusively on elm.

C. ocellaris Bkh. (Vol. 3, p. 155, pi. 28 h). Much the same applies here as said under gilvago. The type
is fairly recognisably illustrated in the Main Volume, it might be a shade more reddish yellow. — cameago Warr.
has a more reddish yellow central area, whilst marginal and basal areas in contrast are dusted with grey. —
lineago Guen. denotes specimens that are more heavily suffused with dark grey, so that the ground colour gives
a darkish brown impression. Transverse lines and veins remain pale. — palleago Hbn. is the counterpart thereto,
being quite pale greyish yellow with still paler transverse lines. — punctata Heinr. is an aberration wdth a row
of black dots at inner edge of subterminal line. — - intermedia Habich (19 d) is the form that is so often wrongly
diagnosed, with pale ochreous to olive grey ground colour with bluish grey spots and bands, whereby in many
specimens a striking resemblance is created to certain gilvago forms. The ocellaris forms are however generally
easily recognisable by the more protracted and falcate apex of forewings. The larva feeds exclusively on poplar.

innotata. C. sulphurago F . (Vol. 3, p. 155, pi. 28 i). — innotata Failla-Ted. is now illustrated (19 e), ground colour,

schawerdae. especially of $ is much deeper orange. — schawerdae Slander is ashy grey instead of yellowy markings are only
very faintly indicated, body is pale yellow-grey. Described from Trieste.

C. vulpecida Led. (Vol. 3, p. 155, pi. 28 f) should be removed from here, as according to Filip jev it
belongs among the Luperina near jerrago Ev.

citrago. C. citrago L. (Vol. 3, p. 155). We are illustrating the typical form (19 e), as it wras omitted from Main

subflava. Volume. — • subflava Ev. (19 e). We are also illustrating this pretty and apparently very rare form. — umbrata
umbrata. jjeinr only has the central transverse stripe shaded outwardly to the extent of 1 mm, whilst in — - fasciata

TClSClClta ^ a «y

signata'. Gronbl. the entire area between the central shade and the posterior transverse line appears shaded with brown.
Finland. — signata Kruger resembles subflava, but has not the brown basal area of same. On the other hand it
apennina. has a bold brown claviform stigma. — - apennina Dhl. is uniformly pale dull yellow like incolorata Warr., but
the veins and lines are distinctly brown and the stigmata finely outlined. Hindwings and abdomen ivory white.
This is the race from the Abruzzi.

japonago. C. japonago Wilem. & West (19 e) is very close to citrago and was described as a subspecies of same.

However the genitalia are different and the <$ antennae are serrate and ciliate. Forewdngs reddish yellowy be¬
strewn with orange. The subbasal and anterior transverse lines are orange, the latter is sharply angulated,
stigmata finely outlined in orange, the oblique central shade is blackish brown. The posterior transverse line
is delicate, black-brown, similarly the fringes at inner and outer margins. Hindwings are pale reddish yellowy
veins and inner margin incline to yellowish red. Wing expanse: 36 mm. Hokkaido.

Subfamily: Amphipyrinae.

Hampson first named this subfamily Acronyctinae, whilst now it is re-named Zenobiinae after Zenobia
Oken (= Dicycla Guen.) with oo L. as type.

2. Genus: J*yrois Hbn.

g alliea. P- effusa Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 157, pi. 38 a). — gallica Schaw. is a dark race from Corsica and S. France.

The forewings are very dusky black-brown, the 3 stigmata are pale and contrast sharply.

3. Genus: Ampliipyra Tr.

fusca. A. pyramidea L. (Vol. 3, p. 158, pi. 38 a). — - fusca Rocci denotes a dark dusky blackish specimen with

diffuse markings. Described from Piedmont, but certainly only aberrative. There is probably scarcely any
obscura. difference between same and — obscura Obth. which is also applied to dusky dark specimens. — melaleuca Lenz
melaleucd. has grey-black forewings with narrow white transverse lines, of which especially the subterminal stands out
particularly clearly. Probably this is a transition to the form albisquama Warr. mentioned in Main Volume.
pallida. — pallida Lamb, has pale ashy grey forewings on which the transverse lines appear marked by whitish grey,
also the orbicular stigma is outlined by grey-white, the central band is not more prominently dark. Belgium,

ocellaris.

cameago.

lineago.

palleago.

punctata.

intermedia.

GRACILIPALPU S ; STYGIOSTOLA; ORTHOGONIA; MANIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

155

A. livida F. (Vol. 3, p. 158, pi. 38 c). — postpallida Strd. has much greyer forewings and paler hind- postpallida.
wings. It occurs everywhere occasionally among the main form. — carriolata L’Homme has unicoloured richly carriolala.
brown forewings and coppery hindwings. France.

A. erebina Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 159, pi. 38 d). — - centrali-chinae Strd. In this form the orbicular and reni- centralh-
form stigmata are absent from forewings. China. chinae.

A. tragopoginis L. (Vol. 3, p. 159, pi. 38 d). — brayi Lamb, is a melanic form reminding one in colour- brayi.
ation of livida : deep black and devoid of markings. Also hindwings are darker. Belgium. — • grisea Vorbr. is grisea.
a pure grey form from Switzerland. — - distincta Rothsch. is a very distinctive subspecies, larger, forewings black- distinda.
brown in basal threequarters, the outer quarter inclined to sooty grey. Hindwings rusty brown, wing expanse
up to 47 mm. Algeria (Djebel Zaccar, Hammarn R’hira).

A. schrenckii Men. (Vol. 3, p. 159, pi. 38 e). — apicalis Strd. denotes a transition form to uniformis apicalis.
Warr. with somewhat diffuse white apical streak and scarcely worthy of denomination. East Asia.

A. micans Led. (Vol. 3, p. 159, i)l. 38 e). — ab. baloghi Diosz. has a black-brown band in postmedian baloghi.
area. Hungary.

A. molybdea Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 160, pi. 39 c). According to Osthelder, who has repeatedly received the molybdea.
species from Marash, it is certainly a genuine species. It is much smaller and has narrower wings than micans
with more pointed apex. Forewings pale grey-brown, heavily admixed with whitish, especially in basal and
postmedian areas. The transverse lines are more sharply dentate, without black sagittate marks in marginal
area. Hindwings grey-white with pure white fringes. Occurs simultaneously next to micans.

A. satinea Roug. The Genus Neocomia was created for this species owing to the palpi being scaled to satinea.
tip. It has short and wide forewings; they are dark red-brownish with violet sheen and 2 black transverse lines
that are with pale outlines and which converge towards the inner margin. They thus enclose a narrow central
area, in which the small 8-shaped reniform stigma is situate which has a double black centre. The indistinct
subterminal line is pale with darker inner edge. Hindwings grey-black with reddish gloss. Underside violet-
grey with 2 dark curved postmedian lines that are parallel to margin. Length of forewings: 14 mm. Only 2
specimens are known, which were captured at light at Neuchatel in 1898. It is still questionable, whether this
is a genuine species and it is remarkable that since the first captures nothing has ever been heard again of this
species.

4. Genus : Gracil i pal pus Galb.

According to Pungeler the name: Anthracia Hbn. should be used for this Genus.

5. Genus: Stygiostola Hmps.

St. umbratica Goeze (Vol. 3, p. 160, pi. 38 f). — - bellieri Culot is much paler, more of a mouse-grey colour- bellieri.
ation. From Sologne.

6. Genus: Ortli ogonia Flor.

0. sera, Fldr. (Vol. 3, p. 161, pi. 38 g). — serana Strd. is synonymous with
Strd. with — obscurata Warr.

carneata Warr. and — serella carneata.

obscurata.

0. plana Leech (Vol. 3, p. 161, pi. 39 a). There seems no sense in giving the denomination — post-
medialis Strd. besides — • semigrisea Warr., as in the description it is especially stressed that the discal area semigrisea.
varies. — • griseobrunnea Strd. is inclined to grey-brown, — • olivaceobrunnea Strd. to pale olive-brown. griseo¬

brunnea.

0. plumbinotata Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 161, pi. 38 h). — fuscogrisea Strd. has dark grey-brown forewings. — -

griseosuffusa Strd. has forewings suffused with grey in postmedian area and at apex, also having a whitish sub- fuscogrisea.

anal streak. West China. griseo¬

suffusa.

7. Genus: Mania Tr.

M. maura L. (Vol. 3, p. 162, pi. 39 b) is recorded by Rothschild as occurring in Algeria and Tunis maura.
from May to September. — ojcoviensis Biezanko has only a very faint pale apical spot, the pale transverse ojcoviensis.
lines are almost obsolete, there is a pale band anteriorly with a dark band parallel outwardly in central area.

Poland. — - maurisca Stdr. is a monotonous dark black form without any brownish sheen. All pale markings maurisca.
are absent except the margin of hindwings and the narrow discal band. Sicily.

156

DIPTERYGIA; PARASTICHTIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

andreji.

apennini-

gena.

horrida.

caeru-

lescens.

brunnca.

indiges.

si cula.

pallida.

corsa.

funerea.

aquila.

flavo-

niaculala.

veterina.

pallida.

rosea.

abruz-

zorum.

Corsica.

sardoa.

sicula.

syriaca.

albida.

8. Genus: Dlpterygia Steph.

D. scabriuscula L. (Vol. 3, p. 163, pi. 38 f). — ssp. andreji Kard. has a dark anal patch and dusky inner
margin of forewings, similar to that which occurs in thibetan or Chinese caliginosa. Vladivostock (Narwa Island)
in August.

9. Genus : Parastichtis Hbn.

P. lithoxylea F. (Yol. 3, p. 163, pi. 39 c). — apenninigena Dhl. denotes specimens with whitish blue-
grey colouration with scarcely any sign of yellowish grey, the dark patches are however a rich black-brown.
Hindwings inclined to grey. Southern Abruzzi. — horrida Dhl. in contrast are deep rusty yellow with dense
black-brown dusting; from the highest peaks of the Abruzzi at 2500 m altitude on the Gran Sasso; in this form
the deep brown costal patch extends to beyond the mediana. Hindwings brown with cell spot and discal band.
— caerulescens Reisser has a bluish grey ground colour instead of the ochreous yellow. It is a remarkable shade
and extends from base to central shade, only being interrupted by the yellowish surround to orbicular stigma,
along the costal margin to apex and in marginal area. The central shade is red brown at costa and beyond
same costa is pale whitish. Hindwings grey-white, head and thorax pale grey, collar and thoracical tufts brown.
Corsica. — - bruraraea Lamb, has forewings suffused with a chestnut brown, hindwings have a wide brown marg¬
inal band.

P. indiges Trti. closely resembles lithoxylea and also sicula Trti, its author considers same a genuine
species and not a form of monoglypha. Forewings yellow-brown, similar to sublustris with a wide brown central
shade between the stigmata and down to submedian fold. The postmedian area and stigmata blue-grey, the
orbicular stigma oval. Marginal area behind the subterminal line is dusky brown. As in monoglypha a long
black-brown basal streak. Hindwings yellowish, brownish towards margin with brown veins and brown discal
lunule. Wing expanse: 46 — 48 mm. Cyrenaica.

P. sicula Trti. (Vol. 3, p. 164, pi. 39 c) is now, perhaps justifiably, considered a genuine species, which
is close to the preceding. As the illustration was very poor, we are giving a better one here (19 f).

P. rurea F. (Vol. 3, p. 164, pi. 39 e). — - pallida Heinr. has the greyish white colour of type, but the
brown markings of costa, the dark patch between the stigmata and also the brown marginal and basal streaks
are inclined to be absent or uniformly yellowish grey, whilst not however being the ochreous shade of ochrea
Tutt. — - corsa Schaw. Forewings dark sandy to steely grey with dark grey-brown markings at basal part of
inner margin and on costa above stigmata. Outer margin pronouncedly dark black-brown, the stigmata them¬
selves pale grey. Hindwings sandy grey, darker at margin. Corsica.

P. funerea Hein. (Vol. 3, p. 165, pi. 39 f). The specific type, as was first pointed out by Heinrich,
should be denominated by the earlier name aquila Donz., f unerea being a form of same. The latter has mean¬
while been found in Switzerland (Martigny, Chur, Lenzburg etc.) as well as in the Tyrol (Klein Goll near Gol-
ling). — aquila Donz. (= albomaculata Gram.) is the much paler, almost coppery coloured form with scarcely
any black dusting, its reniform stigma has a pure white surround and central dot. A local swiss form from
Elgg, also from Chiasso, Lake Maggiore and from the Pyrenees (Gedre). — • flavoniaculata Dhl. denotes specimens
with stigmata having yellow to orange red centres. This is an apparently rare aberration from Hanover, east
Friesland and Liibeck. As the illustration of funerea in Main Volume was poor, a better one is given here (19e).

P. veterina Led. (Vol. 3, p. 165, pi. 39 g). Instead of veterina an illustration of the american roridenta
was erroneously given in the MainVolume. We are therefore now giving a correct illustration of this species ( 1 9 f. )

P. monoglypha Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 165, pi. 39 g). — - pallida Bodart are pale specimens with almost pure
white stigmata and lines. Belgium. — rosea Schonfeldt has ground colour suffused with rose. From around
Berlin. — abruzzorum Dhl. is the almost bleached, pale whitish grey race from the Abruzzi with delicate mark¬
ings and with posterior transverse band pale with wide white edge. Also stigmata are with whitish or grev-
white centres. Hindwings similarly pale with wide black-brown margins. Generally these specimens are small.
The following forms are no doubt conspecific with monoglypha — - Corsica Trti. and sardoa Trti., as well as sicula
Trti. which was previously classified as a species. In the Main Volume it was a mistake to place them with
standfussi Trti. (Vol. 3, p. 164). The two former certainly, the latter probably also, are races of monoglypha.
Further the illustrations of Corsica and sardoa leave a lot to be desired and better illustrations are now given
here (19 f). — syriaca Osth. (19 f) is somewhat smaller than the average of the european type race. Forewings
monotonous dark brownish red, more or less speckled with black, markings very distinct, the pale anal streak
is absent. Hindwings with distinctly outlined marginal band. — albida Osth. belongs to this race and is a strik¬
ingly pale subform. Forewings whitish grey with faint darker markings. Both from Marash (Taurus); syriaca
also occurs in the Lebanon district.

P. arabs Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 169, pi. 40 d). Some confusion was created in the MainVolume with the forms

arabs.

PARASTICHTIS. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

157

classified under this species, arabs is very closely related to monoglypha. The illustration in Main Volume is
very good. — biskrae Obth. is a pale sandy yellow desert form of arabs-, the latter itself is very variable in size bisJcrae.
and distinctness of markings, being paler or darker ochreous brown with distinct or diffuse markings. Specimens
from Djebel Aures have a heavy admixture of grey-white before and beyond the central area and stigmata
are very distinctly marked. • — - poiyglypha Stgr. (= polygrapha Turner ) (Vol. 3, p. 166) should probably be poly-
classified here. It is the larger Palestine form that was described later. It is even closer to monoglypha. Syrian
specimens show more variation, being paler with darker markings and approach monoglypha syriaca. They
deserve denomination — maraschi /. n. (19 f). We are also giving an illustration of the typical poiyglypha from maraschi.
Palestine (19 e). — standfussi Trti. (Vol. 3, p. 164) is also a form of arabs, from which it varies little. We are standfussi.
illustrating same also (19 f). — - ribbei Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 169, pi. 40 d) which was dealt with in Main Volume as ribbei.
a genuine species, should be placed here and apart from the slightly smaller size it cannot be distinguished from
arabs. The illustration was good.

P. superba Trti. should also be classified here. Ground colour pearly grey with bluish grey dusting in superba.
pale postmedian area. The posterior double transverse line is intertilled with yellowish, marginal area dark
brown, edged by the brown sub terminal line that forms a sharp “W”. The round orbicular stigma has yellow¬
ish centre, the yellowish obsolete and only faintly outlined reniform stigma has the lower lobe filled with
dark brown. Claviform stigma yellowish at base with clearcut black-brown surround and conjoined to the
posterior transverse line by the usual black streak. Hinclwings pure white with delicate brown marginal
line. Wing expanse: 36 mm. Cyrenaica (Tobruk) in March.

P. lateritia Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 166, pi. 39 i). — unicolor Heinr. are a rich brown and devoid of markings, unicolor.
only the white outer edge of reniform stigma is retained. From around Berlin. — decolor Stertz is synonymous sordida.
with — - sordida Warr. — obsoleta Stephan are normal specimens but without any trace of white in orbicular obsoleia.
and reniform stigmata. From the mountains around Glatz. — alpiuni Dhl. denotes alpine specimens from the alpium.
Tyrol, which are much darker. The ground colour is a dark grey-brown, inclined to blackish in costal region
and occasionally with white dusting along inner margin. At altitudes above 1000 m. — - soldarsa Noack (19 g) soldana.
is a remarkable, large race from the Sulden valley, also occurring in Vintschgovia. Wing expanse up to 55 mm,
deep brown and consequently with more prominent white reniform stigma. — - melania Lamb, has deep black- melanin.
brown forewings and dusky hind wings. Described from Belgium.

P. jezoensis Mats. (19 li) is placed by its author close to lateritia festiva. Forewings yellow-brown with jezoensis.
dark brown markings. Transverse lines obsolete, the anterior one only visible below mediana, the posterior
one finely dentate. The obliquely oval orbicular stigma has black-brown patches at each side, the large reni¬
form stigma similarly but dark brown. Below the outer end of cell there is a large black-brown spot. The pale
subterminal line has a wide black-brown shade outwardly. Apex is pale. Hindwings grey, darker towards
margin with black-brown discal spot. Hokkaido (Sapporo).

P. sordida Bkh. (Vol. 3, p. 167, pi. 39 h and 40 a) (the latter illustration is the better of the two). —
nigrescens Hannem. with deep grey-black ground colour. Described from around Berlin. — ■ lactea ( Cockayne nigrcscens.
i. 1.) Turner has albinotic characteristics. Ground colour is pure yellowish white with brown markings and *aciea-
a pale brown, very distinct central shade. From England. — - “venardi Bsd.” is a misprint, it should have been renardii
— renardii. Such specimens occur for instance in Spain and closely resemble the northern engelhartii. We are
illustrating one of these Spanish specimens (19 g).

P. shibuyae Mats, reminds one of oblonga fribolus. Forewings dark grey with black-brown markings, shibuyae.
black basal streak, boldly undulate anterior transverse line and a similar posterior one. Orbicular stigma elliptical
at top and bottom, with black surround. The large reniform stigma is ear-shaped, black on inner edge. A black
streak extends from the large claviform stigma to postmedian. Subterminal line pale yellowish, with black-
brown inner edge, the margin beyond same black-brown. Hindwings pale grey with silky gloss, widely dusky
at margin. Wing expanse: 46 mm. S. Saghalin.

P. illyria Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 167, pi. 40 c). The illustration was poor, we are giving a better one here (19 g). illyria.

It is surprising to relate that during the last years illyria has been found simultaneously at 6 central german
localities. The most remarkable, is its occurrence at the “Warmeinseln” in the hessian-thuringian mountains.

It occurs there in open woodlands, in clearings in beech and pine forests, where high grass grows on chalk and
zechstein. It flies early in June. The larva feeds on Dactylis glomerata, hiding by day among the blades and
only feeding at night. It hibernates when full-fed and does not resume feeding when spring comes.

P. obscura Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 168, pi. 40 c). — supermissa Spul. is not identical with remissa, but is more supermissa.
extremely bright in colouration. It has white admixture in basal area, at centre of inner margin and in marginal
area. Besides stigmata have white centres.

P. conciliata Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 168, pi. 40 c). yocohamae Strd. appears identical with typical $. conciliaia.

158

PAR A STICHTI S . By Dr. M. Draudt.

nigro-

brunnca.

pabu-

latricula.

elota.

alacra.

alinea.

grisescens.

xylinoides.

scha-

werdae.

unicolor-

brunnea.

unicolor-

nigra.

semirufa.

plumbealis.

ochracea.

xantho-

stigma.

atrocyanea.

struvei.

struvei-

excessa.

binota.

calcirena.

timida.

P. unanimis Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 168, pi. 40 c). — nigrobrunnea Hojfm. is a very dark form, forewings deep
brown and almost devoid of markings. Only the posterior transverse line is visible towards the inner margin
with the reniform stigma, which lias a delicate white edge outwardly.

P. pabulatricula Brahm (Vol. 3, p. 168, pi. 40 d). According to Petersen’s own notes the name — elota
Hbn. should have precedence over semibrunnea Pet.

P. basilinea F. (Vol. 3, p. 169, pi. 40 e). — alacra Dhl. denotes the much more brightly marked race
from the central italian mountains. Ground colour is much paler with white interspersions, finely and distinctly
marked. The narrow central shade has pale brown edges, the bold costal spots are darker, the dentate line be¬
fore the margin is more pronounced. Albanian mountains. — Specimens of — - basistriga Stgr. without the basal
streak are named — alinea Turner. Norway, Altai, Amur. — • grisescens Stgr. from Thibet is now illustrated ( 1 9 g) .

P. xylinoides A.B.-H. (= pennigera Trti.) (19 g). Forewings pale brownish, heavily darkened with
black-brown in inner marginal area. Widely paler posterior to postmedian and with heavy black basal streak.
Reniform and orbicular stigmata whitish without sharp outline, the latter an oblique longish spot. The anterior
transverse stripe is absent, the posterior double and only distinct at inner margin. The mediana whitish, veins
in marginal area black, long black sagittate marks in the interstices posterior to the boldly dentate subterminal
line. Grey hindwings, paler at base, with distinct central spot and lunular marginal line. Karakorum, Alai,
Semeritshje. Perhaps this is a Crymodes.

P. schaweidae Draes. (19 li). Forewings brown, paler behind the cell towards apex wit a very character¬
istic black longitudinal streak from base above vein 1 to about threequarters length of wing, then somewhat
angulated upwards and extending just above vein 2 to the outer margin. Behind the indistinct postmedian
there are 2 further black longitudinal lines between 4 and 5, as well as 5 and 6. Orbicular and reniform
stigmata are somewhat darker and with black surrounds. The former is very elongate and extends to reniform
stigma, the latter with white dots at upper and lower edges. Hindwings yellowish , dusky at outer margin with
large discal crescent and fine dark marginal line and paler fringes. Szechuan (Ta-tsien-lu).

P. scolopacina Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 170, pi. 40 f). — - unicolor-brunmea Wgnr. is a montonous brown form,
only costa and central shade are slightly darker; — unicolor-nigra Wgnr. is a uniformly black suffused form,
which is only slightly paler in marginal area. Both described from Salzburg.

P. cuneata Leech (Vol. 3, p. 170, pi. 40 g). — - cuneatella Strd. is synonymous with semirufa Warr.

P. plumbealis Mats. (19 h). Forewings leaden grey with black basal streak. The grey orbicular stigma
is large, oval, with black-brown surround and with pale grey lateral edges. The grey reniform stigma is similarly
large, rectangular and between both there is a large black spot on costa. Anterior transverse line only visible
below mediana, undulate with sharp angle on vein 1 . The undidate posterior transverse line is quite obsolete.
Subterminal line pale grey with brown spot in cellule 5. On costa there is a large brownish subapical spot.
Marginal line black, undulate. Hindwings grey-brown with deep brown discal spot. Wing expanse: 46 mm.
Hokkaido (Sapporo).

P. secalis L. (Vol. 3, p. 171, pi. 40 g, h). — - ochracea Turn, has ochreous brown forewings, the area
between costa, subterminal line and submedian fold, as well as that at margin, with the exception of the apex,
are black-brown. — ab. xanthostigma Schaw. like leucostigma, but with yellow stigmata. From Corsica and
Herzegowina. — - atrocyanea Krul. is a deep blue-black glossy form without white stigmata. Described from
W. Russia, but also occurring elsewhere, for instance I have a specimen from central Italy before me. — - struvei
Ragusa (Vol. 3, p. 172, pi. 40 h) is not a separate species, but only an aberration of secalis with white dusted
basal and subterminal areas. It has also been found at St. Goarshausen and in East Prussia and Rothschild
notifies having received specimens from Algeria (Setif). — struvei-excessa Turner has also that part of the inner
margin between the white patches, white. From a specimen from England. — binota Turn, has a white streak
from the white reniform stigma to the posterior transverse line. Ground colour is otherwise montonously black.

P. calcirena Pglr. (19 h) should, according to its author, be classified after moderata Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 171.
pi. 40 h) and it is not a Celaena as originally described. Forewings reddish brown with darker central area and
still darker edges; pure white stigmata. Marginal area grey-brown. Hindwings unicolourous grey, without
central spot. From Togus-torow.

P. timida Stgr. (19 h) was omitted from Main Volume. Whether same should be placed here or under
Dexiadena can only be decided after an examination of the genitalia. The type has been submitted to me. It
is a sleek species with elongate pointed apex. Forewings pale sandy brown with black basal streak and delicate
blackish double transverse lines intertilled with whitish, which converge closely at inner margin. Orbicular
stigma large, round, paler than ground colour, expanding outwardly at lower edge to an indistinct cuneiform
mark. Reniform stigma not paler than ground, with fine black surround. The large claviform stigma extends
almost to posterior transverse line. Behind the whitish subterminal line with its pointed ‘ ' W " , the marginal

OLIGIA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 159

area is somewhat darker grey. Hindwings whitish with widely dusky margin, central spot and delicate post¬
median, fringes whitish. Ferghana.

10. Genus: Olfgia Hbn.

0. strigilis Cl. (Vol. 3, p. 172, pi. 40 i, k). This species has just lately been subdivided into three. After strigilis.
Dampf had separated latruncula as a genuine species, quite recently Heydemann claims that the old versicolor
Bkh. is a third species. All three are very difficult to distinguish, the differences in the two latter are based
chiefly on the genitalia; strigilis is the most readily recognisable species. It is the largest of the 3 species and
has a wing expanse of 23 — -25 mm. Ground colour is grey-brown to dark brown, reddish, ochreous or yellow-
brown colouration does not occur. The stigmata have not paler centres. Marginal area varies in colour from
chalky white over pale grey to blackish, but is never ochreous, rusty or rosy. The arrangement of the markings,
especially the outer line with its characteristic black dentations in the paler marginal area, appears to be con¬
stant and is the best distinguishing feature. The following forms belong here: - amoena Iirul. with greenish amoena.
hue in marginal area. Described from Wiatlca and Kasan, but also occurring in western Germany. — • conjuncta conjunda.
Heyclem. denotes specimens with pronounced black oblique streak between claviform stigma and posterior
transverse line; the stigmata are always unicolourous with ground. West and south Germany, Carinthia. —
fasciata Tutt blackish brown to blackish with highly contrasting white marginal area. Chiefly occurs in Eng- fasciata.
land, more rarely in northern Germany, Bavaria, Dresden and Austria. — suffumata Warr. is like fasciata, but suffumata.
marginal area is suffused with grey-black in which often only the innermarginal part of the marginal band
is edged with white. A rarer form. — aethiops Ostli. nec Hew. is a completely black form, in which however aethiops.
nevertheless the deeply black markings are still distinctly visible. Chiefly occurring in northern Germany, but
also found in Bavaria, Saxony and Austria. — ferrea Warr. is a pale ashy grey .aintly yellowish form, the jerrea.
central area inclined to brownish grey with very delicate black markings. Only mown from England.

0. versicolor Bkh. (19 i). We are giving here, as in the other allied species, an extract of the descriptions versicolor.
of Heydemann. The most striking superficial characteristic is the reddish brown, almost claret ground colour
of central area from which the two rose, to impure pale yellowish, stigmata stand out. Generally, but not always,
they have a white and fine black outer edge — - in strigilis they are the same colour as ground and never paler,
in latruncula they never have a white surround — ; fringes are pale yellow-grey with dark grey checks ; the white
postmedian with a very flat arc, as in latruncula, at inner margin. Hindwings dark grey-brown with pale yellow
marginal line that is somewhat spotted on veins. The deeply black oblique streak on forewings that generally
conjoins the claviform stigma with the postmedian, is very characteristic. Wing expanse: 22 — -24 mm. — - fasciata fasciata.
Lenz (= virgata Warr. nec Tutt) is a pale form with almost white marginal area contrasting from the pale rose-
brown central area. The illustration on pi. 40 i of Main Volume is very good, according to Heydemann. — -
pseudolatruncula Heydem. has darker central area, dark brown to grey-brown, costa and stigmata are paler, pseudo-
marginal area quite lilac-grey with brown outer transverse line. In cases where the stigmata are without white latruncula.
surrounds, frequently almost indistinguishable from latruncula, but the marginal area is never so ochreous or
rusty red as in the latter. — roseo -suffumata Heydem. is a dusky smoky grey form with pale grey marginal area roseo-
and brown shade, in fresh specimens the central area is nicely suffused with rosy red. All markings, also the suffumata.
oblique streak over the inner margin are deep velvety black, also the white of the antemedian line is dusky.
Apparently only foitnd in Slesvig-Holstein. Through the kindness of Heydemann, we are able to give an illus¬
tration of this form (19 i). — - aethiops Heydem. is the rare, extremely black variation in which all markings are aethiops.
obsolete except the deep black transverse streak, which always remains visible over the inner margin as also
the surrounds of the stigmata. Holstein. The distribution has not yet been ascertained. It occurs chiefly in
northern Germany, but is also found in S. Bavaria, Hessen, Paris and Italy.

0. latruncula Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 172, pi. 40 i). The species would better be named — aerata Esp. as this latruncula.
name has 16 years priority. Forewings grey-brown, marked as in the 2 preceding species. The arc of the white aerata.
postmedian is flatter over the inner margin, straighter than in strigilis. Black streaks along the veins occur
in pale marginal area, but they are very faint. The dark central area is a darker brown below the distinct
black oblique stripe. Stigmata appear more prominently pale, they are buff to brownish. Marginal area is
generally pale yellow-grey, buff to brownish, but apparently never whitish. — meretricula Bkh. has marginal meretricula.
area behind the white postmedian, quite pale buff to pale yellow-grey. According to Heydemann the illustra¬
tion of praeduncula in Main Volume (40 i) corresponds to this form. — intermedia Hormuz, marginal area is not intermedia.
paler than the unicolourous brown central area, it is dark reddish grey brown, only the lower part of the
postmedian band is slightly more distinctly white. The black oblique streak is often absent. — aethiops Haw. aethiops.
is the black suffused form, that is often slightly paler reddish brown in marginal area. The markings of
central area and frequently also the black oblique streak are still discernible. Generally it is smaller and
more monotonous in colour than the parallel form of versicolor. It occurs as the only race on the north
Frisian Islands and in Slesvig-Holstein, in northern Germany it is common but rarer in central Germany.

160

OLIGIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

unicolor. — unicolor Tutt is devoid of markings, unicolonred dark reddish brown, often coppery to sooty black. The
victiuncula. black oblique streak is absent, differing thereby from the dark versicolor forms. — - victiuncula Heydem. belongs
to the dusky unicolor, but has still a deep black angulated central band to inner margin, as in the bicoloria form.
grisescens. — - grisescens Heydem. is monotonous grey-brown, basal and discal areas somewhat darker, with brown irrorations
and with the deep black oblique streak. Stigmata with pale grey-yellow surrounds, the grey-brown postmedian
band is especially pale and is intertilled with white above the inner margin. It occurs as a race on the Lebanon,
but is also found as a form in central Italy. Wing expanse: 20.5 — 23.3 mm and thus the smallest species. It
is common everywhere in Europe and extends southwards as far as Sicily.

albiluna. 0. fasciuncula Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 172, pi. 40 k). — - albilutia Kozh. Whether this is actually a form of fasci-

uncula is questionable, as hitherto the latter is only known to occur in western Europe; albiluna only differs
by a golden sheen on the brown forewings and an outstandingly white crescentiform spot in place of reniform
stigma. From around Minussinsk. — - erratricula Rmbr. (nec Him.) mentioned in Main Volume as synonymous,
grandis. is named by Turner: • — - grandis, as according to the illustration it is more than twice as large as typical fasci¬
uncula. From Andalusia.

leuco- 0. leuconephra Humps. (Vol. 3, p. 174, pi. 42 a). The illustration is too much reduced in size, the wing

nephra. expanse is almost 20 mm. It is uncertain whether the species should be classified here, it has apparently con¬
siderable resemblance to the form albiluna of the preceding species.

iaroulti. 0. faroulti Rothsch. (= powelli Obth.) (19 i) is a grey species, that is related to literosa Haw. (Vol. 3,

p. 172, pi. 40 1c) but without the red hue. However it must not be confused with subarcta. The central line
and posterior transverse line are differently shaped, they are not so steeply oblique and do not converge in
a rectangle on inner margr According to the details given by Rothschild, it is deemed to be a genuine species
and Heydemann’s investijcations confirm this. Algeria (Guelt es Stel).

?r .

minor. O. bicoloria Vill. (Vol. 3, p. 173, pi. 401). — minor Cabeau and — - mimuscula Cabeau are superfluous

minuscula. names for small specimens in the colouration of rufuncula. — - reisseri Schaw. is a striking variety from Corsica.

Ground colour of forewings grey-brown with darker brown central area, which is edged on both sides by double
lines with white interfilling. Orbicular stigma with pale surround; reniform white, appearing larger than it is
actually owing to a white costal spot immediately above. The faint subterminal line is whitish, fringes checked.
Hindwings darker grey than in type. HeVdemann states that it is similar to the reticulata forms. I have a
specimen very like the original illustration of the author from East Prussia (Rauschen).

r n fata. 0. rufata Kurd, resembles fasciuncula. Forewings yellow-red, the central area barely darker, rather

paler towards inner margin. The white crescent posterior to the outer transverse line is absent. Reniform stigma
pale yellow, other markings as in fasciuncula. Hindwings pale brown, 2 parallel lines before margin, margin
itself dusky. Fringes of forewings fuscous, those of hindwings paler. Wing expanse: 23 mm. Ussuri (Narwa
Island).

lignea. 0* lignea Trti. is a small, quite monotonous brown species, devoid of any markings on forewings except

perhaps for vestiges of the somewhat darker commencements of the two transverse lines on the costa. These
seem to have a paler edge on averted sides, but the transverse lines themselves are not visible. Hindwings
monotonous dusky brown inclusive of the fringes, anterior to which there’is an extremely fine black line. Head
and collar somewhat paler and more yellowish than thorax, which is of the same colour as the forewings. Ab¬
domen dark grey. Wing expanse: 21 mm. From a $ from Ain Mara (Cyrenaica), in October.

kar a- 0. karafutonis Mats, resembles a P. secalis, but according to the assurance of the author it is an Oligia.

/atoms. Forewings brown, darker markings diffuse. The undulate anterior transverse line has somewhat paler inner
edge, boldy excurved at submedian, central line is wide, darkened at lower angle of cell. Postmeclian with
short dentations and narrow grey inner edge, outwardly with black dots on veins. Subterminal line pale grey.
The round orbicular stigma is elliptical above and below with fine white surround. The elongate reniform stigma
similarly. The small claviform stigma is rather darker than the ground colour. Hindwings dark grey. Wing
expanse: 30 — 34 mm. N. Saghalin, in August.

O. captiuncula Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 174, pi. 41 b). According to Heydemann the name for this species should
minima, be: — - minima Haw. (1803) and this name deleted under Petit . arcuosa. Recently Warnecke has gone carefully
into the distribution of this small species and seeing that it is absent from the arctic North and the high alpine
territories, he questions the thesis established elsewhere that this species is a glacial relic i. e. a boreo-alpine
species. To be added to the localities mentioned in the Main Volume are : Spain (Sierra de Alfacar), the Pyrenees,
capti- bavarian Alps, Moravia, Sudetes, Swabian Alps, Vosges, Jena (!), Bulgaria, — captiunculoides Strd. has a red
unciduidcs. p0Stmedian area, without any trace of white posterior to postmedian line. — - albosuffusana Strd. has ante and
suffusana. postmedian area dusted with white.

sacha- O. haworthii Curt. (Vol. 3, p. 174, pi. 41 b). — sachalinensis Mats, differs from nomino-type by the much

linensis. ]arger reniform stigma which is extended along veins 3 and 4 in long dentations, a wide oblique black-brown

Publ. 19. VII. 1931.

DEXIADENA — CRYMODES. By Dr. M. Draudt.

101

spot is situate outwardly thereof. Between veins 3 and 5 are 2 black-brown spots on margin. Marginal band
is wide and blackish. The yellowish fringes have a dark dividing line. South Saghalin.

10a. Genus: Dexiadena Filipj.

Filipjev has created this new Genus for the species — arcta Led. (Vol. 3, p. 173, pi. 41 a) and — - arctides art-tide. s.
Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 173, pi. 41 a) which is doubtless a genuine species. The superficial characteristics are identical arcta.
with those of Oligia, but the genitalia differ. In Oligia the valve is hammer-shaped, here it is protracted with
straight edge. Further the right valve is bladder-shaped with glandular formation inside and there is a brush
of hairs on proximal edge of the 8th tergite.

D. arcta Led. (Vol. 3, p. 173, pi. 41 a). — arctana Strd. has dusky marginal area on forewings and more
distinct markings. Siberia, Japan, Corea.

11. Genus: Eremobla Steph.

E. deckerti Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 175). The older name — pseudotrachea Krul. should be adopted for this deckerti.
species with deckerti as synonym. A specimen from the Pungeler collection is illustrated (19 h). trachea

12. Genus: Gerbatliotfes Warr.

G. angusta Btl.r. (Vol. 3, p. 175, pi. 41 b). As synonym to — obscurata Warr. we have to add yokohama angusta.
Strd. Both are translations of the diagnosis of Hampson’s “ab. 1” and are identical. obscurata.

13. Genus: A trachea Warr.

A. sordida Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 41 c). — - sordidula Strd. has greyer ground colour of forewings and sordidula.
postmedian area is coloured a bright rufous. — - cupreata Mats, has a coppery colouration with obsolete trans- cupreata.
verse lines, only the anterior line is distinct and double below mediana. From Honsho (Japan).

14. Genus: Crymodes Guen.

C. platinea Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 41 d). — reisseri Bub. (19 i) is a local race from the Sierra Nevada reisseri.
with shade of colour as zeta pernix, yellow-grey, peppered with whitish and blackish, sometimes thus with a
tinge of greenish, all markings distinct and complete. A wide band-like central shade is particularly prominent.
Schwingenschuss and Zerny brought back a very similar but slightly darker and more brownish form from
the High Atlas (Morocco). — ferrea Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 41 d) is not a separate species, but a smaller, less ferrea.
strikingly marked, more grey-brownish platinea form. The illustration was unrecognisable, we are giving a
better one of this form (19 i).

C. mutica Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 41 d) is not to be recognised from the old illustration. The species mutica.
is very close to dumetorum and we are giving a good picture of same here (19 k).

C. dumetorum Hbn. G. (Vol. 3, p. 177, pi. 42 a) is not related to zeta , but is certainly a genuine species, dumetorum.

The illustration was poor and we are now giving a fresh picture of this peculiar wide winged species (19 k).

— - bleonnensis Schultz (19 k). A specimen from the Pungeler collection is now illustrated. blcon-

nensis.

C. bischoffii H .-S. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 42 a). This illustration gives no proper representation of this bischoffii.

handsome species. A better one is now given (19 k). It also occurs at Marash (Taurus). — - culoti Schaw. from culoti.

Corfu is very pale, body is almost straw-yellow, transverse lines and central shade darker grey, orbicular stigma
pale yellowish. Hindwings whitish yellow.

C. zeta Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 41 e). — - zetina Stgr. should be transferred from here and placed in the
Genus Hadula (vide p. 113 of this Supplement). — - transversata Warr. is synonymous with the older — fasciata fasciata.
Biiren v. Salis. The illustration is rather too pale, but otherwise quite good.

C. farinulenta Chr. was omitted from Main Volume. According to the brief description, it is most close fari-
to zeta. The A antennae ciliate. Forewings yellow-grey, densely peppered with black-brown. Transverse lines nulenta-
and stigmata, as well as costal spots as in zeta. It differs on underside by 2 obsolete transverse bands on fore¬
wings, one in centre and one before margin. Length of forewings: 18 mm. Described from Ivasikoparan.

C. maillardi Hbn.-G. (Vol. 3, p. 177, pi. 41 f). Zerny’s view that zeta and maillardi are conspecific, does maillardi.
not seem to be the case according to my own and Heydemann’s observations. There are differences in the
genitalia, that would exclude the possibility of their being one species. Both occur in Albania. — - variegata variegata.
Wehrli (19 k) are brightly marked specimens, costa and veins dusted with grey-white, transverse and sub-

Supplementary Vol. 3 21

162

SIDEMIA. By Dr. M. Draedt.

terminal lines pale yellow with black edges. There is a yellow streak through the reniform stigma to outer
obscura. transverse stripe. Zermatt. — obscura WeJirli are completely grey-black specimens without any brownish hue
infuscata. and scarcely visible paler transverse lines. — infuscata ScTiwing. is probably the same. The specimens are suf¬
fused by black and markings are barely discernible. Only reniform stigma is apparent with faint whitish sur¬
round. Salzburg.

ingloria. C. ingloria A. B.-H. ( 19 1) is smaller and has wider wings than maillardi, colouration varies from blackish

ashen grey to olive yellow, markings obscure. Transverse stripes scarcely paler with black edges on inner sides,
the outer one dentate with black dots at points. Subterminal line somewhat paler with small sagittate marks
anteriorly. Orbicular and reniform stigmata with paler centres. Hindwings monotonously grey-blackish with
pale central line; fringes yellowish grey with paler tips. Wing expanse: 39 — 42 mm. Sajan territory.

furva. C. flirva Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 177, pi. 41 f). sylvicola Ev. should be removed from here, as it belongs to

nictitans. rubrirena. — nictitans Lenz are specimens with prominent pale reniform stigma. Described from S. Bavaria.
italica. — italics Trti. <£■ Ver. (19 k) are very large specimens of pure brown ground colour and very distinct, narrow
yellowish markings, that contrast sharply. Hindwings paler in disc, marginal band more diffuse but darker.
Such specimens approach freyeri Err. Italy.

vicaria. C. vicaria Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 186, pi. 43 f). This was classified under Luperina in Main Volume, in which

Hampson concurred. According to specimens before me, which emanate from Pungeler himself, it should
certainly be placed here in the vicinity of maillardi. Covering of thorax, the crests on abdomen etc. all coincide.
The illustration was bad, we are giving a fresh one here (191). Perhaps P. xylinoides enumerated on p. 158
wordd also best be placed here.

rubrirena. C. rubrirena Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 177, pi. 41 g). Gitth has latterly specialised in this species and its interesting

group of forms. The type is the black-brown form with somewhat rufous central area. It has black transverse
lines with slightly paler edges and red-brown stigmata. Reniform stigma somewhat dusted with yellowish,
frequently with a pale brown streak to postmedian and yellowish subterminal line. We are giving a better
plottneri. illustration of this nice species (19 1) as the old one was unsatisfactory. — plottnerl Hannem. appears to me to
be the same as type, but from the very scant description it would seem that the pale central bands are extinct.
hercyniae. Described from the Upper Harz. — - hercyniae Stgr. is another form from the same locality with brown ground
colour and whitish reniform stigma. Transverse lines edged with white and a similar subterminal line. We
abnoba. are illustrating a typical specimen of this form (191). — - afonoba GutE (191) the fine form from the northern
Black Forest, especially from around Pforzheim, with deep black colour and very wide pure wdiite fascia and
intermedia, stigmata, as well as white marginal area. — - intermedia Gutln the variable intermediary forms from the Harz
fennica. mountains and southern Black Forest. — - fenrska Gutln has chestnut-brown forewings; basal area admixed with
grey; the black transverse lines with whitish edges on averted sides. Orbicular stigma yellow-brown, reniform
stigma pale yellow, subterminal line brownish grey with darker inner edge. A variegated form from Kuusamo.
sylvicola. — sylvicola Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 177, under “furva”) is a large form from the Urals (Spasskoje), compared as to colour¬
ation with brassicae and glauca. It is grey-black, interspersed with paler grey; blackish transverse lines with
whitish edges. Stigmata whitish almost devoid of brown shades. To be added to the localities is Upper Italy
(Valdieri). The larva resembles that of P. lithoxylea and it feeds in the roots of Calamagrostis silvatica.

shibuyae. C. shibuyae Mats, is compared with rubrirena, but is much paler, reniform stigma smaller. Forewings

brown, the anterior undulate transverse line is black with pale grey inner edge: the anterior line is double, black
intertilled with grey. The round orbicular stigma is pale grey with brown centre. The longisli reniform stigma
is pale grey with black central streak. Claviform stigma small, dark with pale grey centre. Subterminal line
pale grey and sharply dentate. A paler patch at apex and small black marginal dots. Hindwings grey with
2 darker transverse lines. Wing expanse: 45 — 46 mm. Saghalin.

15. Gattung-: Sidemia Stgr.

depravata. S. depravata Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 178, pi. 41 g, h). Here we must add as synonym: — rasdolnia Stgr. for

which the Genus: Rusidrina Stgr. was created.

inter- S. zollikoferi Err. (Vol. 3. p. 178, pi. 41 h). — uralensis Strd. is synonymous with internigrata Warr.

mgr at a. p»(qh names refer to Hampson’s “ab. 1” and Strand’s assumption that his form differed from that of Warren
by the pale apex and anal area, was incorrect. It is especially stated in Warren's original description that the
blackening of the forewing only applied to the area between the submedian and subcostal nervures. I have
now before me a specimen of zollikoferi also from Esthland.

pungeleri. S. piingeleri Schaw. (= albipuncta 0. B.-H .) (20 a). This was described as a Phragmatiphila but in

my opinion should be placed next to zollikoferi, even though hitherto only $9 are known. Fore wings monotonous

SIDEMIA. By Dr. M. Drauiat.

163

glossy dark brown with faint coppery sheen and a small white dot at lower end of cell, otherwise devoid of
markings, except for slightly darker veins, which are dusted with grey in outer area. Hindwings quite pale
brownish, very narrowly darker at margin. Nikolsk Ussurjisk.

S. acharis Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 186) should be transferred from Luperina and placed here. The species is acharis.
now illustrated (20 f).

S. standfussi 11 7isk. (Vol. 3, p. 178, pi. 41 i). The illustration was bad, a better one is given here (20 a). sUmdfussi.
The species should now be known by the older name — pozzii Curd (1883!). As a further synonym — • nicaeensis pozzii.
Culot. This fine and universally rare species is reported by Boursin to occur also in France (La Bessee-sur-
Durance), Hautes Alpes at an altitude of 1000 m. It is further recorded from Italy (Romagna).

S. doerriesi Stgr. was omitted from Main Volume. It is classified by its author next to subornata (Vol. 3, doerriesi.
p. 179, pi. 41 h), but is really a Cucullianae ( Crino ). Forewings dark brown, transverse lines scarcely discernible,
slightly darker in the ground colour. The two central ones slightly more apparent, especially in paler inner
marginal area, where they have broad grey-white edges on averted sides. Also apical half of costa is paler
brownish so that there the outer transverse line is boldly dentate and distinctly visible. Subterminal line is
very distinct and dentate, pale brownish with spotted darker inner edge. The pale orbicular stigma is small,
oval with dark centre. Reniform stigma is light brownish and narrow. Hindwings impure yellow-grey, peppered
with blackish and with dark central lunule, postmedian and wide subterminal bands. A black lunular marginal
line before the pale fringes. Wing expanse: 42 mm. From one $ from the Apfel mountains. Probably Crino
altijuga Kozh. is a synonym, compare p. 140 and what was said there.

S. abrupta Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 79) is not a Hadena, but should be classified here, near to speciosa Brem. (Vol. 3, abrupta.
p. 178, pi. 41 h). The type is from Syr Darja and is darker, perhaps this is only an individual aberration of — -
johni Pglr. (20 a), which denotes the usual paler form. Forewings short and wide, pale grey, central and marginal jolini.
areas darker with paler veins and 2 dark patches at base above inner margin. Transverse lines whitish, the
anterior one almost straight, the posterior line faintly undulate. The upper grey stigmata with paler surrounds,
orbicular stigma small, round; reniform stigma narrow; claviform stigma small with dark surround. Subterminal
line obsolete, a blackish marginal line before the brown-grey fringes. The whitish hindwings dusted with grey,
widely darker at margin; a delicate dark postmedian band. Fringes whitish. The $ is darker, inclined the
grey-black. Syr-Darja.

S. koshantschikovi Pglr. (20 a) resembles a small pale pozzii, but must be placed in the last section owing koshan-
to the only faintly ciliate antennae with their smooth shaft. Forewings pale brownish grey, basal streak and tschikovi.
claviform stigma indicated by dark scales. Stigmata obscure. Posterior transverse and subterminal lines in¬
distinct. Marginal line pale, fringes brownish grey. Whitish hindwings dusted with grey with dull grey mar¬
ginal band. Syr-Darja.

S. aflouensis Rothsch. is very close to koshantschikovi. Antennae brown, head and thorax slate-grey, aflouensis.
abdomen yellowish grey. Forewings slate-grey, no anterior transverse line, the posterior line delicate, black,
dentate, curved with pale grey outer edge. Both upper stigmata indistinct, claviform stigma however prominent.
Hindwings white. Wing expanse: 34 mm. From one from Aflou (Algeria) captured in October.

S. fulva Rothsch. was originally described as a form of M eganephria oxycanthae and therefore probably fulva.
must have some resemblance. Ground colour said to be unicoloured cinnamon-orange, markings fairly diffuse.
Hindwings not described. From Algeria in October.

S. hoenei Mats. (20 a). ForeAvings dark grey with black-brown markings, double subbasal with black hoenei.
cuneiform basal streak, which intersects the double anterior transverse line. Central area rather darker, the
cell is grey-white between the stigmata with black surrounds. Reniform stigma with black-brown centre.

Posterior transverse line double, dentate, Avith whitish interfilling, projecting sharply outwards on veins 3
and 4. Subterminal line whitish. Hindwings white with grey marginal band. Honsho.

S. fissipuncta Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 179, pi. 41 i). — - cinerea Heinr. has pale ashen grey colour without any cinerea.
admixture of yellowish or brownish tones. Digne. — otosolescesis Lenz has all markings extinct, only the outlines obso-
of the 3 stigmata and the subterminal line are retained. lescens.

S. oberthiiri Rothsch. (20 b). The author considers this moth, that was described as a form of fissipincta, oberthiiri.
to be a genuine species and in this I concur. It is larger, more robustly built and with wider Avings. Forewings
somewhat paler in ground colour, more dusted, markings fainter and less distinct. Stigmata much larger, sub¬
terminal band straighter and less excurved. Posterior transverse line Avell developed and closer to reniform
stigma. Algeria (Batna), April to July. Before me are specimens from the Caucasus (Achalzich) that agree
identically with those from Algeria. — ■ orenburghensis Bartel and plebeja Stgr. are both similar and it will be

164

HETEROGRAPHA- SCYTHOCENTROPUS. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

necessary to go into matters further to establish the question of identity. It seems quite possible to me that
oberthuri and orenburghensis are conspecific.

glaisi. S. glaisi Luc. appears to very closely resemble the group of fissipuncta-obertlnuri species, just discussed.

Forewings very pale brownish grey, very monotonous, only the dark triangular spot between the orbicular
and reniform stigmata is distinct. Both transverse lines are barely visible, subterminal line slightly more distinct.
The ^ is rather more clearly marked and a shade darker. Hindwings brownish grey with widely dark marginal
area. Size is not indicated. Algeria (Sidi bel Abbes), in August.

judaica. S. judaica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 179, pi. 41 d). The illustration was unrecognisable, a better one of this species

from Palestine is now given (20 b).

17. Genus: Heterographa Stgr.

fabrilis. H. fabrilis Pglr. (20 b) is very similar to zelleri and puengeleri. Forewings are paler, the black costal

markings fainter, all markings slightly less distinct. Orbicular stigma larger; reniform stigma paler, less con¬
stricted, the blackish dusting in cell fainter, a black inner marginal spot at base. The posterior transverse line
is almost straight, nearer to reniform stigma. The black longitudinal streaks in subterminal shade are absent.
Hindwings white, outwardly grey with bolder central lunule. Kuldja, Ili territory.

20. Genus: £cl>oleiuia Hmps.

misella. E. misella Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 181). We are now able to illustrate this species (20 b) from a specimen from

the Pungeler collection.

21. Genus: Margelana Stgr.

flavidior. M. flavidior Wgnr. (20 b) has markings identically the same as M . versicolor, but forewings are pale

canary-yellow. The sinuate marginal line of versicolor , that extends parallel to margin, is in this case straight
and proceeds direct to apex of forewings. Hindwings pure white. Also differing on underside by the almost
pure white colouration without any darker shading, such as in versicolor. From Akshehir, in September.

discrepans. M. discrepans Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 181, pi. 41 1). The illustration in Main Volume gives no conception of

this brownish species and we are giving a better picture here (20 c).

veternosa. M. veternosa Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 181). We are now able to give an illustration of this rare species (20 c),

from Askhabad.

21a. Genus: Heptapotamfa Alph.

This Genus, that was omitted from Main Volume, is apparently very close to the Genus Margelana,
according to information supplied by Filipjev, who has examined the types in the Museum at Leningrad.
However in the original description it was stated expressly that the eyes were ciliated (“oculis circumciliatis”).
Antennae as in Ulochlaena i. e. with long bipectinations. Thorax and sides of abdomen with long and dense
hairs. Palpi straight and porrect, with long hairs on underside. Had it not been for Filipjev’s remarks, I
would have placed this moth near Derthisa among the Gucullianae. Only 1 species:

eusiratii. H. eustratii Alph. Forewings faintly glossy yellow-grey. Central area between the transverse lines

somewhat darker. Basal area yellowish white, submarginal area similarly paler. Anterior transverse line com¬
mences at costa in a bold spot and forms 2 basally concave arcs to inner margin. The dentate outer transverse
line is only faintly curved, both lines pure white, as is also the large reniform stigma. Orbicular stigma is puncti-
form. The extremely long grey fringes are checked with white on veins. Hindwings pure white. Wing expanse:
37 mm. Arganaty (Semiretshje).

22. Genus: Eremopola Warr.

This Genus is a typical Cucullianae and was already referred to on p. 150 of this Supplement. The
remaining species are somewhat doubtful in regard to their classification here and require further elucidation.
We are enumerating them meanwhile under Margelana , where both Hampson and Pungeler had placed them.

23. Genus: Gentropodia Hmps.

This Genus must be re-named : Scythoeeritropus Speis. as Centropodia was only introduced 6 years later.
C. inquinata Mab. (Vol. 3, p. 182). We are now illustrating this species (20 c) that is distributed

inquinata.

DIADOCHIA — PSEUDOHADENA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

165

over Algeria, Tunisia to Egypt. — - ferrantei Drt. (20 c) is a very pale sandy yellow desert form from Egypt, ferrantel.

23a. Genus: Oiaflochia Pglr.

Proboscis developed; palpi medium long, straightly porrect with pendant last segment and long hairy
central section. Frons with short conical projecting process in centre. Antennae with short cilia. Head and
thorax with smooth hairs, no tufts. Fore tibiae with a short claw. Only 2 species:

Generic type: D.saca Pglr.

D. saca Pglr. (20 d). Forewings pointed with oblique outer margin, ashen grey, no transverse markings, saca.
with indistinct stigmata. The small orbicular stigma extended to a point towards margin. Reniform stigma
of usual shape with darker centre. Claviform stigma long and narrow. The veins have dainty darker streaks
in marginal area. Hindwings in pure white with a few grey scales and darker veins in marginal area; in $
they are more heavily dusted with grey. The species resembles Scyth. scripturosa but is easily distinguishable
by the more pointed forewings and purer grey colour and absence of all transverse markings. Wing expanse:

33 mm. Syr-Darja (Baigacum), September.

D. esurialis Pglr. (20 d) is very close to the preceding species, but has less pointed wings with rather esuriulis.
more undulate margin. Claviform stigma is absent, reniform is larger and generally markings are more definite.

There is a posterior transverse line of paler lunules and an irregularly sinuate subterminal line. Hindwings
with distinct marginal line and on underside with a decided black central spot, which is not present in saca.
Syr-Darja (Baigacum), September.

23b. Genus: Anataelia Drt.

This Genus differs from Scythocentropus by the second segment of palpi which is not scaled, but has
a long beard-like brush of hair. Antennae of with pyramidal serrations and long fascicles of cilia. Thorax
covered with single hairy scales; triangular tuft anteriorly. Abdomen with crests. Fore tibiae with bold spur
on outer side. Neuration as in preceding Genus. Only 1 species:

A. orotavae Drt. (20 c). A large species. Forewings ochreous yellow, peppered with brownish having orotavae.
fuscous central area and black basal streak. Transverse lines double, a white dot each on median and sub¬
median nervures before the anterior line. The posterior line undulate and dentate, the veins beyond same
dusted with black and white. Orbicular stigma small, oblique, elliptical, pale brown; reniform quadrate, white
with black surround. Subterminal line pale with brown sagittate spots anteriorly, marginal area outwardly
black-brown, except for the pale apex. Hindwings grey-brown. Teneriffe (Orotava).

25. Genus: Pseudopseustis Pimps.

P. tellieri Luc. (Vol. 3, p. 182) (20 d). We are now able to illustrate this species. As synonyms are to tdlieri.
be added: pieretti Culot nec Bugn. (Heliophobusl) and diacrisioides Rothsch. (Harpagophanal). It occurs also in
Algeria (Guelt es Stel and El Mesrane) in October, November.

25a. Genus: •laxartfa Pglr.

This is meanwhile classified next to Pseudohadena, but has completely stunted proboscis. The medium
short palpi are densely haired, projecting straight forward with pendant last segment. Frons without pro¬
jection. Antennae of d with long pectinations to tip; of 9 with delicate short bristles. Head and thorax densely
haired, without tufts. Fore tibiae without claw, the first section of fore tarsi with 8 horny hooks. Abdomen
extended, stumpy in 9 and without crests. Only 1 species:

J. elinguis Pglr. (20 d). The whitish forewings are coarsely bestrewn with brownish grey. Anterior elinguis.
transverse line uniformly sinuate with somewhat paler inner edge. Posterior line with pointed dentations,
parallel to margin, outwardly there is a pale, similarly dentate band with a dark edge. Stigmata somewhat
paler, rather small and indistinct. Hindwings brownish white, dusted with grey, with faint central spot and
grey arched line and somewhat dusky marginal area. Syr-Darja (Baigacum), September.

26. Genus: Pseudolaadena Alph.

P. laciniosa Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 182, pi. 41 1). The illustration was not good, a better one is given here (20 d). laciniosa.
Fritz Wagner has captured this species in Asia Minor (Akshehir) and this is probably the western boundary
of its distribution.

P. impedita Chr. (20 d) was omitted from Main Volume. It is close to presbytis Pimps. (Vol. 3, p. 183, impedita.
pi. 43 a) but larger and with a more reddish tone. The posterior transverse line is extinct, the stigmata smaller

166

USBECA; PALLUPERINA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

roseotinda.

adscripta.

pugnax.

minuta.

evanida.

iberica.

seposita.

cornuta.

Jculmburgi.

and more faintly marked with black. The black subapical, subterminal markings are rather more delicate and
fainter. Hindwings darker. Russian Armenia, Kasikoparan.

P. chenopodiphaga Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 183, pi. 43 a). — • roseotincta Trti. (‘'rosea” in indice!) is a form
that is suffused with brownish rose; from Tripoli (SidiMessri) ; probably this name will be found to be synonym¬
ous with erubescens Stgr. which also denotes form suffused with red and which was described in 1901.

P. adscripta Pglr. (20 e) is nearest to siri Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 183, pi. 43 a). It is somewhat larger than
siri. Forewings more yellowish, markings more variegated, basal streak much less distinct, central nervure not
blackish. Hindwings uniformly dusky, only paler in inner half. It is more easily distinguishable by the under¬
side; in siri this is uniformly pale with clear dark central spot, whilst in adscripta it is entirely dark grey except
for the pale marginal area and central spot is almost submerged. On hindwings the arched line is very pronounced.
The J antennae with only very short cilia. From E. Turkestan (Aksu, Chamil Hami).

P. pugnax Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 183, pi. 42 1). The illustration in Main Volume was a very poor copy and
quite unrecognisable. We are now giving a good picture of this rare species (20 e).

P. minuta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 183, pi. 43 a). The Genus: Gryphadena Kust. was introduced for this species,
as the fore tarsi have 5 stout horny claws.

P. evanida Pglr. (20 e) is nearest to halimi Mill. (Vol. 3, p. 184, pi. 43 b) but it is somewhat smaller
with shorter wings. Colouration is paler and duller, scales without gloss, markings diffuse. Forewings pale
yellowish grey, the anterior transverse line replaced by 3 spots that are in a straight line. No claviform stigma.
The 2 cell stigmata very large but indistinct, the space between them dusky. Posterior transverse and sub¬
terminal lines quite extinct. Hindwings pale grey with faint discal spot and arched line. Syr-Darja (Baigacum).

P. iberica 0. B.-H . (20 e) is also close to halimi. Forewings grey with greenish grey sheen and some¬
what darker median area. Both transverse lines are double and with black edges. Orbicular and reniform
stigmata distinct with delicate black surrounds. Orbicular stigma is elliptical at top, pale to costa. The lower
outer angle of reniform stigma is much enlarged. Hindwings whitish grey with white fringes. Head and thorax
greenish white. From a single $ from Castile (S. Ildefonso). Wing expanse: 44 mm.

P. seposita Pglr. (20 e) would best be placed to pexa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 184, pi. 41 1) although it does not
appear closely related to any species. Forewings pale grey, somewhat admixed with brownish, the anterior
blackish transverse line double, almost sti’aight and regularly dentate. The posterior line simple, sharply dentate.
Both upper stigmata with faintly darker centres, orbicular small, between it and reniform stigma a diffuse,
wide, brownish central shade. The subterminal line is very faintly paler and has a darker inner edge. Hind¬
wings dark grey with dusky arched line and white-grey fringes. The $ antennae with stout pyramidal ser¬
rations having long fascicles of cilia. Syr-Darja (Baigacum), in October.

26a. Genus; Usbeca Pglr.

The Genns is anatomically close to Pseudohadena, though siq^erficially it looks very different and
reminds one somewhat of Crymodes dumetorum. Four years later the Genus was again described by Rebel
as Acrosphalia and placed between Bryophila and Acronycta, where in certain respects it fits in quite well.
Proboscis weak, palpi short, porrect, densely scaled. Frons with round truncate process with 2 cavities, poste¬
riorly with a horny disc. Antennae almost simple, short and thicker in <$ than in $. Thorax covered with hairs
and broad scales. Abdomen short and compressed, no tufts. Legs short, fore tibiae with 2 short spurs outwardly,
similarly fore tarsi with 6 horny hooks outwardly. Neuration as in Pseudohadena. Wing contour short and wide.
Only 1 species:

U. cornuta Pglr. (20 f). Forewings dull dusky grey with faintly greenish sheen, indistinctly marked.
The round orbicular and wide reniform stigmata discernible by their blackish surrounds. The posterior trans¬
verse line with slightly paler outer edge. Subterminal line indistinctly paler, commencing in a fairly large
yellowish costal spot. Hindwings uniformly dark grey with slightly paler fringes. Syr-Darja (Baigacum), in
August. — kultnteurgi Rbl. (20 f) is more of an olive-brown, the markings also are more distinct, both transverse
lines simple, black, sharply dentate, the outer one with spotty white subanal edge. Hindwings of paler,
whitish grey. Nikolsk (Ussuri). Therefore the species is probably fairly widely distributed in Asia.

26. Genus: Palliipcriiia limps.

Hampson introduced this name instead of Luperina Bsd., which was not in any way described in the
Index Method. 1829, and it was used in 1840 for leucophaea ( Pachetra Guen.) and therefore is no longer utilisable
for our Genus.

PALLUPERINA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

167

P. testacea Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 185, pi. 43 c). Illustration and description are correct. — gueneei Dbld. gueneei.
( = var. A of testacea, according to Guenee). This denomination has created some confusion; these gueneei
are actually a pale english form of testacea. This has been confirmed by Turner. The species that has hitherto
been held to be gueneei, is now classified as incerta Tutt under nickerlii. The genuine gueneei is as pale asobsoleta
Tutt, but more boldly marked. It does not only occur in England, but is also found on the Continent — - scotiae scotiae.
Strd. is a much darker brown form from Scotland.

P. amaliae Wgnr. (20 f) is a rather doubtful species. It is closest to testacea, but is larger and more amaliae.
stoutly built, wings are wider and with dense, remarkably soft and mealy scales. It is much darker, reminding
one of C. solieri in colouration. Transverse lines are rather differently shaped, they converge much closer together
below the cell, so that the central area is much condensed. The inner edge of the subterminal line is very dark
at costa, so that the paler patch at apex contrasts more distinctly. Veins, especially in subcostal region, are
dusted with bluish white. Fringes appear more scalloped on both pairs of wings. If this is not a genuine species,
it is a good local race of testacea from Spain. The type is from Albarracin. Types have been sent me through
the courtesy af A. Fernandez, who has also found specimens at La Vid (Burgos).

P„ nickerlii Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 185, pi. 43 d). This interesting and frequently overlooked species has now nickerlii.
been found during the last few years almost simultaneously in many places in central and south Germany,
so that now an almost continuous chain of localities is known from Prague through Saxony, Thuringia, Wiirt-
temberg, over France to Spain, throughout which nickerlii is distributed. It generally occurs in hilly country¬
sides where porphyry %nd coloured sandstone are found and where Festuca ovina and Aira caespit.osa flourish;
certain kinds of Lolium are also acceptable as foodplant. The yellowish white ova change a little later to pale
brown and are laid in long chain-like rows between the covering leaves of the stalks of grass. The young larva
is yellowish brown with darker head, the full-fed larva is not described. When young it bores down into the
root and when grown feeds on the grass leaves just on the surface. The imagines occur end of August to mid
September. — - unimaculata Silbernagel has no orbicular stigma. — pseudotestacea Silbernagel are pale grey-
brown specimens of the dark form from Prague, that thus closely resembles testacea. The illustration in Main
Volume is unrecognisable, we are now illustrating a typical specimen from Prague (20 f). Specimens from Halle
are also very dark, those from the Werra valley (Eschwege) are paler, more yellowish and variegated (20 f).

— tardenota Joan. (20 g) is the form from around Paris that is inclined to earthy grey, thus approaching the
Spanish specimens. They are clearly marked, but very variable. — radians Joan, veins of subterminal area
prominently dusted with whitish. — iligronotata Joan, both transverse lines conjoined on submedian by a
black longitudinal bar. — - graslirti Obth. still paler yellowish grey specimens from Spain and N. Africa. — pieretti
Obth. (20 g) are very similar, but much smaller and more poorly marked specimens from the E. Pyrenees. —
incerta Tutt (= gueneei auct. nec Dbld.) (Vol. 3, p. 185 as gueneei ) (20 g) is the nice english form that approaches
certain tardenota in appearance but is larger on an average and has longer more elongate wing contour. — - baxteri
South is paler and purer grey, the colour is not in the least ochreous yellowish. — murrayi Turn, corresponds
in colouration and markings to the typical incerta, but differs by a contrasting paler marginal area in which
the dark marginal lunules stand out more prominently. — - fusca Turn, is a very dark grey melanic form without
any yellowish shades, only in discal area is there a reddish brown sheen in certain light. — minor Turn, is a
considerably smaller form (wing expanse: 29 mm) from Lytham. — iota Turn, has a black submedian longi¬
tudinal bar between the transverse lines and which corresponds so the nigronotata form of tardenota or the
x-notata of testacea.

uni¬
maculata.
1 pseudo¬
testacea.

tardenota.

radians.

nigro¬

notata.

graslini.

'pieretti.

incerta.

baxteri.

murrayi.

fusca.

minor.

iota.

P. powelli Culot (= pseudoderthisa Rothsch.) (20 g) is distinct from the preceding and a genuine species, powelli.

It has narrower wing contour, forewings are a pronounced cinnamon-brownish with faint roseate hue. Markings
are more delicate. Forewings have a narrower cell with correspondingly smaller stigmata and a much more
definitely angulated reniform stigma, which is protracted outwards at lower edge. Algeria.

P. irritaria A. B.-H. (20 g) is certainly a genuine species. It is very like testacea, but smaller on an average, irritaria.
wings wider and with less oblique margin. They are sandy yellowish to dusty grey, markings generally more
diffuse, central area occasionally somewhat darker. The arrangement of the lines and stigmata scarcely vary
from those of testacea, but the markings appear less variegated and more simply marked. It occurs in Algeria
among typical testacea. — dannehli Drt. (20 g) is a larger more robust race from Italy. Colour of forewings varies dannehli.
from yellowish grey, which always has a brownish tone, to grey-black or deep brown-black. Markings are usually
definite and clear. Stigmata larger and rounder, the central area wider than usually in testacea, fringes more
clearly checked. Hindwings yellowish white with dark central spot. — x-notata Drt. is an analogous form to x-notata.
that of the other allied species with dark conjoining bar between the transverse lines. — nigrescens Drt. (20 h) nigrescens.
is the deep black form. Sicily. — - sohn-retheli Drt. (20 li) is the smaller mountain race from the southern Abruzzi sotm-
(Pescocostanzo). Markings are sharper and more variegated. It varies much less than dannehli. reiheli.

168

PALLUPERINA. By Dr. M. Draltdt.

dayensis. P. dayensis Obth. (20 i) is possibly a poorly marked pale form of the preceding, a very variable, more

ochreous yellow, not greyish coloured moth. Rothschild has very kindly sent me a short series which shows
considerable variation. A further examination would seem necessary to ascertain whether they are all one
species. In any case they are certainly not identical with rubella. Aflou, Batna, Lambessa, Geryville.

Jcruegeri. P. kruegeri Trti. (20 h) is a genuine species that is very like sohn-retheli ; it is smaller, sleeker and with

narrower wings. Forewings dark grey, the black marginal triangles very small; subterminal area is paler than
the dark marginal area. Markings distinct and clear, the general impression is that they are more blotchy than
minor, allied species. Only known from Sardinia. — - minor Trti. denotes especially small specimens. — fusca Trti. a
fusca. c|ark dusky blackish form.

tiberina. P. tiberina Sohn-Rethel (20 h) is a large handsome species, related to the preceding, from Capri. It is a

wide-winged species with truncate apex to forewings and somewhat more bulging outer margin. Colour of
forewings is very pale ochreous whitish to yellowish grey, coarsely flecked with blackish, without any brownish
or reddish admixture. Reniform stigma large, indistinct, slightly incurved on outer edge. Fringes with less
distinct checks than in allied species. Markings generally very clear and distinct, transverse lines black and
with long dentations, with white edges on averted sides. Markings can however also be more diffuse. Fre¬
quently there is a whitish streak from reniform stigma to margin. Capri, from September to mid October.

samnii. P. samnii Sohn- Bethel (20 h) is a further species that forms a transition to rubella. It is larger and more

heavily built than the latter, ochreous whitish, flecked with ochreous yellow to black-brown. Markings rather
blotchy. Marginal area deeper, transverse lines with dots on veins, costa rather darker brown with a very marked
subapical rhombic costal spot. Reniform stigma frequently boldly brown with a characteristic blackish brown
sagittate mark in lower half, the point of which projects beyond the stigmata. Fringes boldly checked. Hind-
wings yellowish white with darker marginal lunules. Southern Abruzzi (Alfedena, Pescocostanzo) in August
and September.

armori- P. dumerilii Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 185, pi. 43 d). — armoricana Culot (20 i) is a monotonously dusky black -

cana. brown form, only the 2 stigmata with delicate white surrounds. Described from Bretagne, but also occurring
aequalis. elsewhere, for instance in Sicily. — - aequalis Schaw. (20 i) are very pale ochreous yellowish forms almost devoid
hirsula. of markings; from Bisina, also occurring in Syria. — hirsuta Wgnr. (20 i) is genuine race from Asia Minor (Ak-
shehir), that is larger on an average and more coarsely scaled. It can be distinguished by the more contrasting
markings with very pale marginal and basal regions. Here also however all sorts of colour variations occur
from blackish to reddish yellow. Hindwings also with bold central lunule on upperside. September and October.

adriatica. — • adriatica Stgr. has grey-brownish forewings with olive hue. Orbicular and reniform stigmata unicolourous
and very pale. The wide marginal area is also exceedingly pale. Hindwings snow-white in impure white
in $, never however brownish. Trieste.

P. desyllesi Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 185) should be deemed to be a form of Tholera cespitis (p. 109), as was
mentioned there.

P. rubella Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 186, pi. 43 e). — dayensis Oberth. should certainly not be classified under
rliodo- rubella, but placed with irritaria as stated above. — rhododendron Schaw. has pale yellowish forewings with
dendron. 1qcp req colouration in the region of stigmata; both transverse lines are red, stigmata are absent. Subterminal
line, marginal area and fringes are faintly rufous. From Mostar, also from Digne.

malitiosa. P. nialitiosa Alph. was omitted in Main Volume and according to information from Filip jev it should

be classified in the Genus Apaniea sensu Stgr. and placed here. Superficially it resembles a small Polia ( Anti -
type ?). Forewings yellowish grey, the customary markings grey, interrupted grey marginal line. Hindwings
white with dark marginal line and grey discal spot. Nothing much can be gleaned from this very short descrip¬
tion. Wing expanse: 33 mm. From one £ from Bogdo-ola. According to Filipjev there is, besides the type,
a further darker specimen from Askhabad, captured in May, in the Museum at Leningrad.

lacunosa. P. lacunosa Kozh. According to a photograph of the type, which has been sent to me, this fairly closely

resembles ferrago. Body and antennae pale brown. Forewings still paler than body, anterior and posterior
transverse lines black-brown, both distinct, dentate. The postmedian area to the narrow marginal area is
much paler with darker veins. Orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinctly paler, between the two a diffuse
blackish streak. Hindwings brownish white with distinct dark crescent iform spot and postmedian line. Wing
expanse: 42 mm. Sajan territory.

umbrata. P. ferrago Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 186, pi. 43 e). — umbrata Herz are much darker dusky brown specimens from

Siberia.

P. vulpecula Led. (Vol. 3, p. 155, pi. 28 f) according to Filipjev, should be classified here.

Publ. 24. X. 1934.

TRACHEA— CHUTAPH A. By Dr. M. Draudt.

169

P. vicaria Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 186, pi. 43 f). This species has already been dealt with on p. 162 in the
Genus Crymodes.

P. acharis Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 186) is a Sidemia, vide p. 163.

30. Genus: Trachea Tr.

T. atriplicis L. (Vol. 3, p. 187, pi. 43 g) — - deviridata Klem. is completely grey-violet without the deviridata.
green patches. — deviridella Strd., described 4 years later, similarly has no green and is very probably identical.

— epixanthana Mezger has all the green patches replaced by yellow, the white blotch is a pure white. De- epi-
scribed from a freshly emerged specimen from Belgium. — - immaculata Slevogt. Stigmata of forewings are ^anthana-
contingent, the blotch mark is quite absent. — - enarismene Slastslievsky is probably the same, although in iata-
the original description only the absence of the blotch mark is mentioned without any reference to the stig- enarismene.
mata. Esthland. — - inornata Alph. differs from the type by the complete absence of green colouration on inornata.
body and wings. Probably deviridata as well as deviridella are simply synonyms, inornata is described from
Sarepta and Kasan.

T. subviridis Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 16, pi. 3 f). In the Main Volume this was erroneously classified under subviridis.
the Acronycta, whilst actually it should be placed here. — - fuscogrisea Strd. is an east asiatic form in which fuscogrisea.
the customary grey-wliite central area is dusted over with brown-grey.

T. yoshinoensis Wilem. is close to askoldis Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 170, pi. 40 f), which in the Main Volume yoshino-
was dealt with under Parasticlitis, but which would be better classified here. Head and thorax white, collar ensis-
with brown markings. Forewings white, peppered basally with brown. In centre of costa there is a double
lobed brown spot, that extends downwards to nervure 1. It has a pale surround that encloses the orbicular
stigma. The reniform stigma is outside of same and has a faint brown circumscription. At outer margin above
the centre is a large brown spot and a further longer one before the anal angle. Fringes golden brown with
dark checks. Hindwings grey-brown, paler at base. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Hondo.

31. Genus: (Euplexia Steph.

E. hicipara L. (Vol. 3, p. 188, pi. 43 i) — leonhardi Rbl. (20 i) is not a separate species, but only a leonhardi.
darker and duskier local subspecies; the differences in the markings mentioned by Rebel are not constant.

Some specimens are exceedingly dusky. March, April and August, September in Algeria and Tunis. — ex- exotica.
otica Strd. is the oriental form from east Asia, which is more of a bluish grey and less reddish in postmedian
area of forewings.

E. honei O. B.-Haas shordd be classified after laetevirens Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 189, pi. 43 k) which it closely honei.
resembles. It can however be immediately differentiated by the white hindwings with slightly smoky apex,
whilst laetevirens has black-brown hindwings. The illustration of the latter species in Main Volume should
have been rather more olive-brown to blackish in colouration of ground of forewings and not quite so reddish.

On the other hand honei is inclined to reddish brown. Both species have a bright metallic green spot and band
markings. Wing expanse of honei: 39 mm. East China (Mokanshan).

E. tibetensis Warr. Forewings dark olive-green with patches of blackish, a large pale green basal spot, tibetensis.
transversed by a black subbasal line. Both transverse lines very indistinct. The two pale green stigmata have
faint dark centres and are confluent on the mediana, extending below same. Subterminal line pale green
with dentations on veins 3 and 4. Marginal area very dark over the centre and at anal angle. Fringes pale
green. Hindwings white in basal half, outwardly dark black-brown. Wing expanse: 30 mm. Only one o
from Thibet (Chumbi valley).

E. albiclausa Warr. strongly resembles E. chrysochlora Hmps. from India (Vol. 11, p. 139, pi. 17 e). albidausa.
The green of the ground colour is however rather more inclined to grey than to yellow. The reniform stigma
is dark olive-green with white edges on both sides. Marginal area heavily dusted with white, which is so dense
at apex that a large white spot is created. Otherwise markings as in chrysochlora. Wassukow and Ta-tsien-lu
in July and August.

32. Genus: Trfgouophora Hbn.

T . meticulosa L. (Vol. 3, p. 190, pi. 44 a) — - ignicula Dhl. is a still redder form than roseobrunnea Warr., ignicula.
the colouration is almost an orange-red and markings in central triangular area are not much darker. Sabine
mountains (Subiaco), Abruzzi (Majella). — - minor Cabeau seems a superfluous denomination for a specimen minor.
from Belgium that measures 40 mm and is therefore not even abnormally small.

33. Genus: Clmtaplia Moore.

C. euplexina Rbl. (= wollastoni Rbl. nee Bale.) (20 i) should be placed in the I. section next to wol- euplexina.
lastoni. Head and thorax reddish brown, the latter with a black-brown posterior tuft. Abdomen brownish

Supplementary Vol. 3 22

170

ERIOPUS— POLYPHAENIS. By Dr. M. Dbaudt.

grey with darker crests. Forewings dark brown with blackish central area that is outlined by 2 black trans¬
verse stripes. Both upper stigmata have black surrounds, the orbicular is obliquely oval, reniform yellow with
brown spots at upper and lower ends. The subterminal line consists of minute pale spots with black inner
edges. Hindwings pale brownish grey with central lunule, postmedian and wide dark margins. Teneriffe
(Orotava) in April. I also have a specimen from Laguna (November) before me.

38. Genus: JEriopus Tr.

placodoides. E. placodoides Guen. ( doleschalli Fldr.) should be placed before juventina Cr. (Vol. 3, p. 194, pi. 44 d).

This species that is widely distributed over the indo-australian territory and described and illustrated in
Vol. 11, p. 160, pi. 19 b, also occurs in Japan on palaearctic territory.

flavorosea. E. juventina Cr. (Vol. 3, p. 194, pi. 44 d) — flavorosea Dhl. is paler rose, also the yellow spots are paler

s rdinkoana. and more extensive. Sabine mountains. — - ab. srdinkoana Joukl is a somewhat more variedly marked aber¬
ration, in which the usual rose transverse bands and veins appear white. Described from Vienna and scarcely
worthy of denomination.

japonibia. E. rivularis Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 194, pi. 44 d) — - japonibia Strd. denotes the redder specimens from Japan

that were mentioned in the Main Volume (= ab. 1 Hmps.).

ierlana. E. latreillei Dap. (Vol. 3, p. 195, pi. 44 f) - — terlana DM. is a rare form from the S. Tyrol in which

anfhracita. the diseal area is widely white. — anthracita Wgnr. differs from normal specimens by the jet-black colouration
of forewings, that in the $ obscures all markings except for the dots on costa, the indications of a subterminal
line at apex and a pale dot at base. S. Dalmatia (Gravosa).

39. Genus : Telesllla H.-Schdff.

subalpica. T . amethystina Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 196, pi. 44 f) — subalpica DM. denotes the relatively small and brightly

marked race from the S. Tyrol. It is paler rose, admixed with glossy grey-olive and with richly coloured mark¬
ings. Stigmata with white instead of rose coloured surrounds and white dashes on costa. Terlan.

40. Genus: Callogonia Hmps.

virgo. C. virgo Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 196, pi. 44 f) has now also been discovered at Lugano. — - ilonkae Diosz. differs

ilonkae. from type by the rosy-violet forewings; base of antennae, tips of palpi, thorax and hindwings are violet-red,
rosconitens. Hungary (Comitat Arad). — roseonitens Shelj. is a form described from Transcaucasia. It is intensively suf¬
fused with rose, the pale transverse lines are narrower and with distinct dark edges. Hindwings yellow-grey,
similarly the fringes. From around Batoum, June — August.

44. Genus: Auclia Wkr.

variegata. A. variegata Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 197, pi. 44 g). Meanwhile it has been definitely ascertained that jlavo-

luteotincta. maculata Obth. is the <$ f° the $ variegata. — luteotincta Strd. has yellowish forewings with brown instead of
flava. rufous markings. Amur. — flava Warn. (= evanida Pglr. i. 1. ?) (20 i) is an extreme form of the preceding,
yellow, devoid of all spots and markings except for a grey shade in the upper half of outer margin. Hindwings
duller black. Amur.

45. Genus: Polyphaenis Bsd.

graslini. P. xanthochloris Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 197, pi. 44 g) — graslini Culot (20 k) is a large but rather narrow

winged form found in Castile, Sicily and Algeria. It has dusky ground colour with a richer admixture of green,
especially in basal area and at inner margin in central area. The space before the subterminal line is somewhat
more dusky blackish. Hindwings are a rather more reddish yellow.

prospicua. P. sericata Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 198, pi. 44 g) — prospicua Bkh. (nec Hbn.) (= ratisbonensis MetscM) should

be removed from the synonyms. It is the fine south german form, that Borkhausen obtained from Scriba.
It is only slightly darker than mediolucens Fuchs, ratisbonensis appears somewhat darker and fresher because
medio- it was based on bred specimens. We are illustrating prospicua (20 k). — niediofuliginosa DM. is the counter -
fuliginoso. part to the preceding form. Basal and discal areas are heavily black, especially towards inner margin where
wide black patches are formed, only the outer margin is pale. The anterior transverse line is quite absent,
melano- the outer line is dark grey. 8. Tyrol. - — melartochrata Fdz. is a small Spanish form with very dark forewings
chrata. that have no green and also the transverse lines have no paler edges. Hindwings dark brownish yellow. Ucles
xantho- (Cuenca). — xanthosufi'usa Fdz. (20 k) is a pure yellow form, no trace of green, only the transverse lines and
suffusa. veins are grey. Ucles, The specimen illustrated is from Barbizon.

TRIPHAENOPSIS— CHYTONIX. By Dr. M. Draudt.

171

46. Genus: Trlpliaenopsis Btlr.

T. pulcherrima Mr. (Vol. 3, p. 198, pi. 44 h) — - deochreata Strd. has no ochreous spot in reniforin deochreaia.
stigma on forewings. China.

T. lucilla Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 199, pi. 44 i). We have to add as a synonym to — modesta W arr.: — puncti modesta.
signata Strd., — perversa Strd. (■ lucilla Hmps.). Butler’s type, which was described by Hampson as “ab. 2” perversa.
of lucilla, has a large white spot in the outer half of reniform stigma. Besides the entire postmedian area, with
the exception of the costal area, is dusted with white. The form that Hampson described as lucilla, which
appears to be identical with Warren’s description, does not seem to be the genuine lucilla. For this reason
Strand gave this form the denomination: perversa. — putealis Mats, is somewhat smaller, has white orbicular putealis.
and reniform stigmata, both with slightly darker centres and on hindwings there is a black-brown discal spot.

Wing expanse: 32 — 38 mm. Hokkaido, Honsho. — nikkonis Mats, has pure white orbicular and reniform stig- nikkonis.
mata without darker centres. Hindwings very pale yellowish with black-brown discal spot. Nikko. — - jezo- jezoensis.
ensis Mats. The orbicular stigma is obsolescent, reniform stigma snow-white. Transverse lines are almost
extinct, only slightly visible and darker below mediana. Hindwings with oval yellowish patch in disc with
indistinct discal spot therein. Hokkaido (Sapporo). — - inornata Mats, is very like jezoensis, but reniform stigma inornata.
is not white. Hokkaido.

T. cinerascens Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 199, pi. 44 i) — sachalinensis Mats, has a thick black bar between the sacha-
two transverse lines on the submedian fold of forewings. S. Saghalin (Ichinosawa). hnensis.

47. Genus: Tlialpophtla Hbn.

T . mutura Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 199, pi. 44 i) — infumata Hofer has uniformly sooty brown hindwings. infumata.
From around Vienna. — pallida Bbl. is a very pale race from Croatia, especially the central area of forewings pallida.
is often almost whitish. Hindwings similarly very pale yellowish white, marginal band narrower, often almost
extinct. Zengg. Bred specimens from Dalmatia (Gravosa) are on the other hand much darker and frequently
also smaller. — - provincialis Culot. are very distinctly marked specimens with contrasting colouration, black provin-
ancl white, the outer edge of the anterior transverse line and the inner edge of reniform stigma being darkest. ciali-s.
There is a reddish brown admixture in and behind the reniform stigma, as well as posterior to subterminal
line. These brightly marked specimens emanate from Digne. — - iberica Culot is a doubtful form, inclining to- iberica.
wards amathusia. It is relatively small, hindwings pale, impure straw-yellow, forewings with paler veins, a pale
posterior transverse line, the anterior line having two very sharp dentations. Ground colour brown with paler
patches and a pale streak before apex. From Spain.

T. amathusia Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 200, pi. 44 k) is certainly a genuine species. The illustration given by amathusia.
Culot however is certainly due to some misconception, as it only represents a form of matura. The anterior
transverse line certainly shows a very sharp dentation projecting outwards above the inner margin, somewhat
as in vitalba, subterminal line is almost completely absent and the illustration requires further elucidation.

48. Genus: Jambia Wkr.

J. nigella Hmps. Thorax black-brown, abdomen whitish, suffused with brown, with black basal tuft, nigella.
Forewings black-brown, dusted with olive-grey. Transverse lines double, black, consisting of widely separated
fascia; there is a pale patch beyond the anterior line, then follows a darker shade. The stigmata have pale
blackish surrounds and with dark central dots, the reniform stigma is constricted. Subterminal line brownish
white. Hindwings pale reddish brown with whitish fringes and brown basal line. Wing expanse: 24 mm.

Central China, Hupeh province. In an aberrative specimen the oblique pale patch behind the antemedian is
white, somewhat speckled with brown.

49. Genus: Bryolenea Hmps.

trilinea B. Baker (Vol. 3, p. 200, pi. 48 b) that belongs here, was dealt with under the Bryophilinae
on p. 22 of the Supplement.

51. Genus: Chytonix Grt

C. olethria Wilem. & West is very close to C. albipuncta Hmps. that is described in Vol. 11. p. 44 and olethria.
illustrated on pi. 4 h. Actually the latter also occurs in palaearctic territory in W. China, olethria is to be
classified immediately after fodinae Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 200, pi. 44 k). Body sandy brownish with darker ad¬
mixture. Forewings similarly coloured with a large black-brown spot in basal half that extends on costa to
anterior transverse line, obliquely from costa to median fold, thence parallel with inner margin to posterior
line. From there downwards to inner margin, behind the cell with quadrate white patch. Orbicular and reni¬
form stigmata with delicate black-brown circumscriptions. Above same on costa there is a triangular black-
brown spot, the point of which tmiches the orbicular stigma. The postmedian line is delicately black-brown.

The subterminal area is black-brown like the hindwings. Wing expanse: 24 mm. Japan (Shikoku).

172

STILBINA; HYPEUTHINA; DELTA; LITHOMOIA; PULCHERIA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

numida.

mirabilis.

koreana.

fulgurita.

peterseni.

virgata.

grisea.

cincscens.

52. Genus : Stilbina Stgr.

S. numida Obth. (Vol. 3, pi. 201, pi. 42 c) is not a Hypeuthina, but certainly a Stilbina. The ova are
pale yellow, then salmon red. Larva is grey or reddish white, laterally paler reddish grey speckled with pale
brown minute dots. The dorsal line is pale grey-brown, subdorsal whitish, interrupted below and with brown
edge with wide dark brown undulate stigmatal having white upper and lower edges. Head yellowish with black-
brown spot on either side. It feeds on various kinds of grass and resembles a Leucania larva, feeding only
at night. It casts its skin 6 times and pupates in the earth in a cocoon. — I have before me a fine series of
both sexes and it shows considerable variation. The ground colour varies from white to yellowish, pink and
grey, markings are bold and rich or faint and sparse. To judge by these — mirabilis Trti. held by its author
to be a genuine species, cannot be distinguished from many of these specimens of numida. The name may
be used to designate the somewhat smaller, paler race with paler fore wings. Cyrenaica. As numida cannot
be recognised from the illustrations in Main Volume, good illustrations of both sexes are now being given here
(20 k).

S. koreana sp. n. (20 k). As I have before me only 2 $$ with simple antennae, that have a badly rub¬
bed thorax, I cannot decide whether there wras a tuft or not. I am meanwhile placing this interesting species
to Stilbina. The double lobed process on frons is much bolder than in the two other species and is about as
in Metalopha, but with only 2 projections instead of three. Otherwise all characteristics agree with Stilbina,
veins 6, 7 of hindwings are short-stalked. Thorax and forewings are creamy yellow, orbicular and reniform
stigmata have sharp black circumscriptions, the former is almost completely filled with black. Subbasal and
the two central transverse lines partially visible by an appression of black scales, the posterior transverse line
being the most complete. Subterminal line and other markings are completely absent. Hindvdngs glossy pale
brownish grey, a slightly darker band-like patch before margin, fringes long and creamy white. Underside
of forewings is grey-brown, that of hindwings creamy white. Described from 2 $2 from Corea (Silver moun¬
tains) in the possession of Dr. E. Wehrli, types in the collection of Dr. Draudt.

53. Genus: Hypeuthina Led.

H. fulgurita Led. (Vol. 3, p. 201, pi. 48 Id also occurs in the Taurus (Marash) according to a specimen
captured in September and sent to me by Mr. Daniel for classification. Ova obtained by Dr. Bodenheimer
in November, are at first reddish, then later bluish like poppy seed. The larvae hatch after 8 weeks and in the
first stages are transparent grey-green with black dotted heads. When full grown they are sleek, very variable,
ground colour brownish white with olive-yellow, iron-grey or black wide dorsal band. This is sometimes tra¬
versed by 4 fine whitish purled longitudinal lines enclosing darker rhomboid marks. Occasionally also there
are x-shaped subdorsal markings, the space between same often having rufous spots. It is polyphagous on low
growing plants and is hidden by day. The larva is full-fed in about 5 wreeks and is fairly easy to breed up
till the time of pupation, but then, like the more southerly Ocnogyna , it becomes very restless and after a
long period of racing around, the majority perish. A few imagines emerged in March of the following year
and there are probably 2 generations. We are illustrating one of the bred specimens (201).

57. Genus: Delta Saalm.

D. peterseni Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 203, pi. 42 c, d) is not a Zenobiinae but should have been classified as
a genuine Hadeninae after Barathra brassicae (Suppl. Vol. p. 96) in the Genus Trichorhiza Hmps., that was
especially created for it. The Genus differs from Barathra by a rounded process on frons that is excised below
and by the absence of the curved spine or claw on foretibiae.

58. Genus: Ijithomofa Hbn.

L. rectilinea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 203, pi. 42 d) — virgata Tutt (20 1) denotes specimens in which the dark
brown median area of forewings extends uniformly np to the costa. — grisea Spul. are specimens of a greyer
colouration, without brown.

59. Genus: Pnlcheria Alph.

P. cinescens sp. n. (20 1) is the same shape and has the same arrangement of markings as catomelas
(Vol. 3, p. 203, pi. 42 d) of which we are giving a better illustration here (201). Forewings are completely
dusted with bluish grey, so that the markings are obscured and only the stigmata and the commencements of
double transverse lines on costa are slightly more apparent . There is a small oblique streak subapically between
5 and 7. Hindwings grey-brown, paler at base, with faint brownish postmedian and whitish fringes. Syr-
Darja (Baigacum). Type in the collection of Puncieler in the Berlin Museum.

173

RHABINOPTERYX ; EPIMECIA; STILBIA; ESTEPARIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

61. Genus: Rliabinopteryx Christ.

R. subtilis Mob. (Vol. 3, p. 204, pi. 42 d, e). The illustration is good. The larva is dorsally greenish sublilis.
Avhite with red longitudinal lines, the lateral lines have delicate white edges above and below. It feeds on the

seeds of Plantago albicans.

62. Genus: Epfmccia Guen.

E. ustula Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 204, pi. 42 e). The illustration in Main Volume leaves a lot to be desired ustula.
and we are giving a better one here (20 1). The western (french and Spanish) specimens are strikingly different
from the much smaller and paler dalmatian form (20 1), which I am designating — dalniatica /. n. - obscurior dalmatica
Wcjnr. (201) is a much darker spring generation from S. Dalmatia, which however also occurs in quite similar obscurior.
specimens in Himgary.

E. nelvai Rothsch. Described from 1 $, has grey-brown head and thorax with darker admixture, ab- nelvai.
domen is pale yellowish grey. Forewings grey-brown with dense dark brown striations, 3 oblique streaks in
centre of costa, the two upper stigmata brown. Below mediana a white longitudinal streak from base to margin
and merging in same a black longitudinal band. Hindwings yellowish grey, dusted with grey-brown. Wing
expanse: 28 mm. From Batna (Algeria).

64. Genus: Stilbia Steph.

S. anomala Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 204, pi. 42 e). The illustration was a poor one, a better one is now given anomala.

(21a).

S. philopalis Grasl. (Vol. 3, p. 205) is not a form of anomala but a genuine species. WTe are illustrating philopalis.
this nice little species from a bred specimen (21a). It also occurs in Spain.

S. calberlae Failla (Vol. 3, p. 205) is also a genuine species, that differs materially and reminds one calberlae.
somewhat of A. Icitti in the depth of the colouring. Also this species is now illustrated (21 a). Hitherto it has
only been known from Sicily, but Oberthur notifies its occurrence in Tunis. — atldalusica St.gr. is the Spanish andalusica.
form and should be classified here and not to anomala or philopalis.

S. faillae Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 205, pi. 42 e) cannot be recognised from the illustration in Main Volume faillae.
and we are giving a better picture here (21 a). This interesting species also occurs on Capri.

S. turatii Luc. is very like faillae, but is smaller and darker, smoky reddish grey. Forewings with 2 turatii.
blackish spots before and between the stigmata, the subterminal line is less dentate. Hindwings paler grey,
somewhat lighter in disc. Thorax quite black, abdomen grey. The antennae are shorter. According to Turati
this species is midway between faillae and calberlae. It occurs in Algeria (Tarf) in September and also in
Tunis (Ain Draham).

S. bongiovannii Trti. (21 a) is still smaller than the very similar turatii. It is more gracefully built bongio-
than the latter, with more pointed apex. Forewings black-brown with reddish sheen, stigmata paler grey,
before and between them small blackish dots. The anterior transverse line is only faintly indicated at costa,
the posterior line consists of dark brown lunules and it has a white edge. Between it and an indicated central
line, the ground is somewhat dusted with grey. Marginal area inclined to chestnut brown, in which a white
subterminal line is situate., Hindwings whitish grey-brown with central lunule indicated. Thorax rufous
brown. Benghasi (Berea), Cyrenaica.

S. algirica Culot (= nisseni Stert.z) (21 a). Forewings very pale bluish brown with black basal streak algirica.
below mediana. Cell and patch behind same are black with the small light stigmata therein. The orbicular
stigma is often only a pale oblique dash. On the margin there is a blackish shade with dentate inner edge.

Hindwings silky, glossily grey-white. Algeria.

S. concolor Rob. is unknown to me and its classification appears uncertain. From the rather insuffi- concolor.
cient description, the antennae seem to resemble those of Praestilbia armeniaca Stgr. rather than those of S.
anomala, whilst the neuration agrees with that of the latter. Palpi are bolder than in either of the species
named, porrect, the central segment with long coarse scales below. Forewings wider than in anomala with
more pointed apex. Upperside of forewings grey, darker at costa and outer margin, with brownish scales,
devoid of markings except for an incomplete brownish circular spot at close of cell. Hindwings pale yellowish
grey, darker in outer area, corresponding to the colouration of forewings. Underside grey, the inner areas
somewhat paler, the veins with darker scales. From Dalmatia. Size is not indicated.

64a. Genus: !Esteparia Fdz.

Related to both the preceding Genera, delicately built. A antennae with widely separated long ser¬
rations, which are double and almost look like pectinations; they have long fascicles of cilia at extremities.

Proboscis rudimentary; palpi long, extending over the frous with appressed scales and short terminal segment,

174 PRAESTILBIA; HYPOSTILBIA; AMPHIDRINA; PRODENIA; LAPHYGMA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

agenjoi.

gracilis.

confluens.

bang-haasi.

distracta.

megastigma.

correpta.

syriaca.

nitida.

litura.

albimacula.

variegata.

decolorata.

frons somewhat arched, but smooth. Thorax with very wide flat scales. The elongate sleek abdomen has a
dense anal tuft. Only one, possibly 2 species:

E. agenjoi Fdz. (21 b). Forewings with grey-black irrorations on whitish ground, both dentate trans¬
verse lines with white edges on averted sides, the whitish subterminal line with a dark band-like inner edge.
The large grey-black orbicular stigma is confluent with a similarly coloured claviforma stigma. Reniform
stigma is also a large dark spot, far removed from orbicular, the ground between them being particularly pale.
A black lunular line before the long grey fringes. Hindwings white, silky and glossy. Only 1 $ is known from
Estepar (Province Burgos), Spain. The specimen was captured in September and is now before me. — gracilis
Wgnr. (21 b) for which the author created the Genus Aynelina (Amelia praeocc.) is also only known from a
single A, which thanks to the author is now before me. Whether it is a genuine species, or as I am inclined to
assume, a subspecies of agenjoi, must be left to future research, in any case the two specimens closely resemble
one another; gracilis seems slightly wider in the wing, the margin more rounded and less oblique; the scaling
somewhat softer and more mealy, not quite so coarsely strewn, the colouration a trifle more reddish, the mark¬
ings, transverse lines and stigmata not so black, more of a blue-grey, the anterior transverse line not so oblique,
the posterior line less sinuate and less boldly dentate, the white edges to the lines not so pronounced. Hind-
wings purer white. From I A from Akshehir (Anatolia) .

65. Genus: Praestflbia Stgr.

P. armeniaca Stgr. (Vol. 3. p. 205, p1. 48 c) — confluens Schiving. denotes an aberrative specimen in
which the black spots are confluent forming one patch. From S. Dalmatia.

G6. Genus: HypostflMa Hmps.

H. bang-haasi Wgnr. ( — melanochroa B.-H. i. 1.). Forewings dark brown, speckled and glossy, almost
devoid of markings. Transverse lines as in correpta Pglr., only distinguishable as indistinct stripes, the outer
one circumscribes the yellowish white spots that replace the reniform stigma, without actually touching them.
Hindwings yellowish white with darker costa and apical area, veins and marginal line darker. Wing expanse:
31 — 34 mm, Djarkent.

H. distracta Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 216, pi. 45 i). Pgngeler removed this species from the Genus Radinogoes
and classified it here next to megastigma. Whether this is correct, must be left to a later decision after further
investigations have been made.

H. megastigma Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 205, pi. 48 c). The illustration in Main Volume was not successful,
a better one is given here (21 b).

H. correpta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 205, pi. 42 f) was also a bad copy of an unsatisfactory illustration by
Ham ps ox and quite unrecognisable. A fresh illustration is now given (21 b).

67. Genus : Anipliidrina Stgr.

A. agrotina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 206, pi. 48 c) — syriaca Osth. combines the characteristics of the type and
of the form jordana , the large black reniform stigma is boldly developed and at the same time the three trans¬
verse lines that are characteristic of jordana are distinctly marked. Described from Marash. An illustration
of the form is now given (21 b).

A. nitida Pglr. (21 b). Forewings wide, smooth and with glossy scales, brownish grey, both transverse
lines only partially represented by a few dark patches, the posterior line is quite rudimentary, both cell stig¬
mata with dark centres, orbicular round with slightly paler surround, reniform narrow; the obsolete sub¬
terminal line has a darker inner edge, the dark marginal line is faint and interrupted. The ashy grey hind¬
wings are darker than forewings, devoid of markings with paler fringes. Palpi with thinner and longer terminal
segment than in agrotina. From E. Turkestan (Chamil-Hami).

68. Genus: X*ro«lenia Guen.

P. litura F . (Vol. 3, p. 206, pi. 42 i). It is remarkable to record that Pungeler denominated the
species histrionica F although this name was only used by Fabricius 12 pages further on.

70. Genus: Lapliygma te.

L. exigua Hbn. (Vol. .3, p. 207, pi. 48 a). This small species is very variable. — albimacula Dhl. with
whitish instead of reddish yellow stigmata, especially the orbicular stigma is a striking white circle, the other
markings are generally only faint. — variegata Dhl. are darker, brightly marked and usually large specimens
with boldly marked transverse lines that have distinct paler edges. — decolorata Dhl. on the other hand are

ATHETIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

175

almost devoid of markings and pale grey. The stigmata are indicated only by paler patches. All these forms
are described from central Italy, but they also occur elsewhere.

71. Genus: Atlietis Hbn.

This Genus does not yet seem to be clearly defined and Warren made a number of wrong classifica¬
tions and errors in the Main Volume. A few of the groups have been investigated in the meanwhile and their
position is now clearer. Nordstrom, Filipjev and others are working at the subject and it is to be anticipated
that shortly a clear survey will be possible. Unfortunately this will not be in time to be incorporated in this
work, although possibly something may be said in the Addenda. For the moment in general wre will follow
Warren’s secpience, so as to facilitate comparison with the Main Volume. Filipjev indicates a definite dis¬
tinction between the Genera Athetis and Proxenus (with Radinogoes as sub-genus), in pointing out that the
Athetis £ have a well developed uncus, whilst this is completely absent in Proxenus. After recognition of this
fact certain re-classifications naturally become necessary.

A. conspicua Leech (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 48 a) — grisescens Braes, is a greyer shade, the stigmata are grisescens.
not black, but grey-brown. Omi-hsien (Szechuan).

A. lapidea Wilem. Forewings pale grey-brown with rosy hue. Anterior transverse line blackish and lapidea.
irregular, angulated inwards below the centre, the posterior line is dentate, blackish. Stigmata are absent,
only a black discal spot is present and a row of black dots at outer margin. A dark central shade and a sub¬
terminal line are discernible as vestiges. Hindwings grey-brown. The $ has narrower wings and more distinct
central shade and subterminal line. Wing expanse: 27 mm. Hondo, Yoshima, Kobe in August.

A. furvula Hbn. ( lenta Tr.) (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 g, h) having no uncus in genitalia, would appear furvula.
to belong to Proxenus and is now dealt with in that Genus. It should however be remarked here that it would
appear better to re-introduce the name: — lenta Tr. for this species. English authors (Turner) in particular lenta.
are in favour of this, as furvida might be intended to denote a melanic form of Acosmetica caliginosa Hbn.,
the illustration and the description could only be taken to apply to this species.

A. alsines Brahm (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 h) — levis Stgr. according to Boursin is a separate species, levis.
that has no connection with alsines. It does not occur in Asia Minor or in Spain, but only in Ferghana, Margelan.

A. pfeifferi Bours. reminds one most of alsines, but differs by the wider more yellowish forewings; 'pfeifferi.
the markings appear softer. The central shade is broad and distinct and sharply bent inwards. Claviform stigma
is absent, both upper stigmata large but not very prominent. The posterior transverse line is a simple fine
black line (not consisting of arcs); the space anterior to the very distinct subterminal line is darkened, the
marginal area itself is paler than the rest of the wing. Hindwings yellowish with dusky margin. Wing expanse:

32 — 34 mm. Lebanon.

A. straminea Zerny (21 c) is very close to pfeifferi Bours. Forewings are still wider and a more vivid straminea.
straw-yellow. Transverse lines are blackish, the subbasal bent in a rightangle, the two central lines indicated
by distinct black dots on veins. The most striking feature is the very distinct wide dark central shade, that
proceeds close to the reniform stigma or even traverses same, forming an obtuse angle below' the lower angle
of cell and having fine dentations on the veins. Orbicular stigma often indistinct and small, without definite
outline, only a dusky centre visible. Reniform stigma large, constricted in centre. Hindwings grey-brown
with stiaw-yellow' fringes. On underside disc of forewings heavily blackened. High Atlas (Tachdirt), Morocco.

A. alsinides Costni. is unknown to me and would seem a doubtful species. It is said to stand in rela- alsinides.
tionship to alsines (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 h) as superstes does to taraxaci. It is very similar to alsines, but of
much wider wing contour with much larger cell stigmata, both veiy bold and clearly marked, with blaek-
browrn centres, orbicular stigma round. Monte Gibbio, Sestola, in June — -July.

A. blanda Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 h) — arcuata Vorbr. has a distinct arched rovr of black dots arcuata.
in centre of hindwings. Switzerland. — • pallidior Lenz are pale grey-brown specimens with diffuse markings, pallidior.
— fusca Lenz are especially dark grey forms, that occur chiefly in 9 sex. — pseudambigua Zerny are Spanish fusca.
specimens with darker purer grey forewings and paler hindwings that are only faintly duskier at margin.
Underside also is distinctly paler.

A. corticea Hmps. should be classified after blanda. Head and thorax are rufous, frons whitish, palpi corticea.
black with whitish tip. Forewings rufous with darker interspersions, somewhat paler towards base. Both
transverse lines blackish, undulate, the anterior line angidated inwards on 1, the posterior line incurved on
discal fold. Orbicular stigma is a black dot, reniform . stigma very indistinctly black. From the lower angle

ATHETIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

confluens.

atlaniis.

flava.

approxi-

vians.

boden-

heimeri.

morosa.

selini.

selinoides.

pollens.

puengeleri.

obscura.

jurassica.

abruzzensis.

milleri.

hypostigma.

176

of cell there is a somewhat undulate, blackish central line that proceeds to inner margin. Subterminal line
indistinctly darker, behind it are black marginal dots. Hind wings glossy light brown with a delicate pale base
ine to fringes. Wing expanse: 28 mm. Central China (Hupeh).

A. ambigua Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 42 i) — - confluens Vorbr. shows the two cell stigmata confluent
forming a longish irregular bar.

A. atlantis Zerny (21 c) is close to superstes Tr., differing by the darker grey-brown forewings, with
less prominent stigmata and transverse lines. Orbicular stigma is smaller, reniform stigma narrower. The
pale subterminal line is irregularly dentate. Hindwings in both sexes are rather more heavily dusky, dark
grey-brown, faintly transparent in disc. The antennae of A have longer cilia. High Atlas (Tachdirt) in Morocco,
pi July, at altitudes of 2300 — 2700 m.

A. flava Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 45 a). A species, that most certainly should not be classified next
to puhnonaris, but is much more likely to be related to the selini group or near to pertinax. The illustration
is fairly representative, only the marking of the fascia should be distincter, the colouration in fresh specimens
is a brighter yellow-red, almost brick-red. — • approximans Rothsch. (21 c) cannot in my opinion be separated
specifically from flava. The author indicates, that apart from the smaller size, it differs by the wide deep grey
margin, the markings and also because according to Hampson it belongs to a different section of the Genus.
In a number of specimens I have received from Rothschild, I can find no anatomical differences, either in
the antennae, build of the palpi, or in any other respect. In my opinion this is a stunted second generation,
occurring in September — October, whilst the large flava occur from January to April. In some specimens
the margin is slightly more grey, markings a little more diffuse, but that does not warrant a separate species.

A. bodenheinieri Amsel (21 c) appears outwardly to be midway between flava and inumbrata, differs
however by the J1 antennae, that have strikingly large fascicles of cilia, in the $ they are pubescent. Forewings
yellowish sandy grey with reddish tone, somewhat as in a pale flava, distinctly more yellowish than in the
otherwise closely related inumbrata Stgr. A reddish yellow dot on each side of the reniform stigma is very
characteristic. The subterminal line is very distinct, both transverse lines are dull and indistinct, the dark
scales at margin are faint. Hindwings thinly scaled, grey-white, veins and margin darker. Palestine in April,
apparently not rare.

A. morosa Led. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 45 a). The illustration was not good being much too fuscous. We
are giving a fresh illustration of this rare species (21 e).

A. selini Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 210, pi. 45 a) cannot be recognised from the old illustration. We are now
illustrating a typical specimen from central Germany (21c). As synonym we must add: — grisea Aur. nec Ev.
The species is very variable according to the locality. In the Main Volume many of these forms were dealt
with as species. Of these we mention: — selinoides Bell. (Vol. 3, p. 210, pi. 45 b) a boldly marked dark form
with especially prominent central band. It does not only occur in Corsica, but occurs typically for instance
in the S. Tyrol at Atzwang. It is also found in Spain (Chiclana) etc. — pallens Schaw. also belongs here. It
is the pale grey form with 4 black dentate transverse lines. — puengeleri /. n. (21 d) I denominate especially
dark, boldly marked forms, that are without the striking central band of the preceding form, which the late
Pungeler bred in large quantities from Bormio specimens. — obscura N ordstrom is very close to puengeleri,
but much smaller, still darker with obscure marking. From Stockholm. — - jurassica Riggenb. (21 d) are noth¬
ing else but very pale whitish Swiss specimens, that cannot be specifically separated from selini. These spec¬
imens should not however be taken in conjunction with those from central Italy, as Warren seemed to sug¬
gest. I designate the latter: — abruzzensis Drt (21 d), they are larger, darker and more coarsely scaled, more
intensely peppered with black and they have not the smooth, flat scaling of jurassica. The markings are bolder,
stigmata more distinct, the posterior transverse line is indicated by a double row of dots. Pescocostanzo.
— • milleri Schultz which in the Main Volume was mentioned as a synonym to clavipalpis Scop, is no doubt
an aberrative pale form of selini. It seems to be an albinistic variety, the body is whitish, forewings only
slightly darker, pale yellowish grey, hindwings quite white; it is paler than jurassica. From N. Germany.

A. hypostigma Bours. (21 d) is according to the genitalia, close to selini and reminds one of dark spec¬
imens of that species, differing however by somewhat narrower, darker and impure grey forewings, especially
however by the prominent discoidal spot on the underside of all four wings. On upperside of forewings the
central shade is boldly marked, claviform stigma is indicated by a dark dot, the brownish reniform stigma
is distinct and prominent. Postmedian area is somewhat darkened outwardly and there are reddish brown
cuneiform marks before the pale subterminal line. Hindwings impure grey with paler disc and bold central
spot, those of $ still duskier. Lebanon.

Publ. 24. X. 1934.

ATHETLS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

177

A. mairei Drt. (21 d) which I had described as a selini form, is according to Bottrsin probably a mairci.
genuine species. It is smaller, sleeker with narrower wings than selini. Forewings a paler brownish yellow
with dusky dark grey margin, anterior to which is the subterminal line consisting of small yellow spots. Before
these are bold brown cuneiform marks. Costa seems slightly paler with a faint bluish grey tone. Reniform stigma
with grey centre; posterior to it in the centre, is an ochreous red spot and below on inner side a distinct white
spot with 2 similar spots outwardly. Orbicular stigma a small grey dot. Transverse lines almost obsolete ex¬
cept for a few isolated grey-black scales, however the commencements on costa are definite, as densely black
spots. There is also a fainter spot indicating the commencement of a central line and subbasally a bolder spot.

Hindwings white in E with faint grey marginal line, faintly suffused with grey in Egypt; also occurring in
Cyrenaica according to Turati.

A. flavirena Guen. (Vol. 3, jn 210, pi. 45 b). The illustration is fairly good, it must certainly be difficult flavirena.
to reproduce the Caradrinae so perfectly, that an unimpeachably true picture is given. In regard to the de¬
nomination of this species, matters do not yet appear to be clarified. Pungeler was of the opinion that — la- laciniosa.
ciniosa Donz. was the oldest name, which had no connection with clavipalpis ; according to him this is the paler,
more brownish noctivaga form from Italy, Nice, Portugal, S. France, S. Tyrol (Klausen), S. Russia, Pontus, Pa¬
lestine. — noctivaga Bell. (= infusca Const.) is the darker, more reddish black race from Andalusia, Corsica, noctivaga.
Mauretania. — - subdita Warr. is a paler and above all greyer form, irregularly marked and peppered; from suldita.
the Valais. — algeriensis Stertz is still doubtful as to its classification with this species. It is more sleekly algeriensis.
built, not so stumpy, with smoother and more glossy scaling, dark, dull leathery brown, all markings extinct
also the 3 black costal dots; only the reniform stigma is indistinctly discernible in a few specimens. Hindwing
impure grey-brown. Algeria (Ham man R'hira-, Blidah, Guelt es Stel).

A. muricolor Bours. (21 d) is close to flavirena, which it resembles particularly owing to the yellowish muricolor.
reniform stigma. It is darker, the fascia and markings are obsolete, thus creating a curious smooth impression.

The E antennae are more strongly ciliate than in flavirena and scotoptera, which is also very similar. On under¬
side the discal spot is almost always completely absent. The $ is considerably darker. Eorewings dark brownish
grey, transverse lines barely indicated central shade absent. Orbicular stigma is a minute dark dot, reniform
stigma clearly apparent, darker, yellowish white outwardly, at lower end with 2 white dots at each side. On
costa 3 or 4 black dots are visible. Subterminal line is indicated by faint paler brownish scales. Hindwings
almost completely white, apex and margin slightly darker. N. Syria, Taurus (Marash, Amanus).

A. wullschlegeli Pglr. (Vol. 2, p. 210, pi. 45 b). The illustration in Main Volume is now replaced by t^uU-
a better one (21 e). This exceedingly rare species, does not appear to have been found anywhere else yet, schlegeli.
except at Zermatt. It appears to be a very isolated species without any relationship to those preceding.

A. menetriesi Kretschm. (Vol. 3, p. 210, pi. 48 a) must now be held to be a synonym of the older de¬
nomination — grisea Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 45 d). Filipjev has taken pains to definitely clear up the com- grisea.
plicated and difficult synonymy of this species. According to him — montana Brem. and p>etraea Tengstr. are
synonymous with grisea Ev. Pungeler had surmised that Fversmann had confounded grisea and cinerascens ,
but according to the specimens in the Leningrad Museum, this is impossible. The illustration in the Main
Volume is so bad, that it would be impossible to recognise the species and we are therefore now giving a good
illustration (21 e). The species is widely distributed in central Asia, but in Europe, it is only found in the
Urals. In grisea the brown cuneiform marks anterior to the subterminal line are always absent, whilst these
are generally present in cinerascens. grisea is a much paler species. — - ab. fulvo-cinsta Krul. is described as fulvo-
being of the same size as grisea with similarly pale grey forewings, which however are vividly fuscous in the cmcta.
centre. Markings are only faint. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are small and barely indicated. I cannot
form any conception, what this may be, but the author thinks “this is possibly a chance variation of grisea” .

Described from the province of Ufa. — tunkuna /. n. (22 e) is a remarkable form from the White mountains tunkuna.
at Tunkinski (S. W. of Irkutsk). The entire costal half is pale sandy yellow to the grey band that forms the
inner edge of the subterminal. The thorax is also of the same shade. Hindwings are slightly paler. Type in
the coll. 0. B.-Haas.

A. melancliolica sp. n. ( Pglr . i. 1.) (22 e) appears to me to be very like grisea. It is slightly narrower melanclio-
in the wing, a monotonous dark grey-brown but with superimposed grey -blue scales. Markings fainter than hca.

in grisea, the antemedian proceeds obliquely outwards, undulate, the posterior transverse line fairly heavily
dentate. Orbicular stigma is a small dark grey round dot, reniform stigma fairly narrow and grey, with darker
inner edge and with slight brown spots outwardly. Before the subterminal line, which consists of scarcely
visible pale yellow-white dots, there is a row of dark grey dashes. Fringes pale grey with 2 darker dividing
lines and with a hair fine yellow-white basal line. Hindwings grey-white, faintly darker at margin. In $ some¬
what darker grey. From 2 EE, 1 $ from the Tunkinsk-White mountains in the coll. 0. B.-Haas.

Supplementary Volume 3

23

clavipalpis.

nigro-

maculata.

q ua dr i-
punclata.
leucoptera.

thunbergi.

viaure-

ianica.

minor.

avicula.

perspicua.

persimilis.

exp ansa.

cinerascens.

rougemonti.

apaieiica.

hispanica.

ingrata.

ITS ATHETIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

A. clavipalpis Scop. (Vol. 3, p. 211. pi. 45 c). The illustration of this very common and widely dis¬
tributed species was unrecognisable, we are therefore giving a fresh one here (21 e). The species is unusually
variable. - nigromaculata Closs denotes an aberrative specimen with deep black centre to reniform stigma.

■ quadripmietata F. (= nigrofasciata Hoffyn. <4- Klos) has a black-brown area between the subterminal line
and fringes. — laciniosa, which as mentioned under jlavirena, possibly belongs there, had best be completely
deleted, as the name signifies nothing. — leucoptera Thnbg. was stated by Lampa and then by Nordstrom
to be quite typical clavipalpis and should therefore be held to be synonymous. Therefore Staudinger's
leucoptera with his diagnosis “obscurior, al. ant. fusco-griseis” should now be denominated: — thunbergi Nordstr.,
as the name given to it by Tutt : superstes Steph. cannot be utilised owing to the species superstes Tr. We
are illustrating this darker grey-brown form (21 e). Costantini mentions a leucoptera Thnbg. from N. Italy,
maintaining that it is a genuine species, the larvae of which exclusively feed on Scrophularia ramosissiij/a. It
is not quite clear what is intended. — mauretanica /. n. (21 e) should be introduced for the gracefully built,
always very pale brownish yellow specimens from N. Africa, which form a genuine race there; they are con¬
stant and can always be differentiated. — - minor Rothsch. denotes especially small specimens of this form.

A. avicula Krul. is unknown to me. The author classifies same after clavipalpis. Forewings black-brown,
almost black in central area with 3 fairly distinct grey transverse bands, a subbasal that is less pronounced,
the ante and postmedian that are undulate, with dentate yellowish subterminal line. Orbicirlar stigma brown¬
ish and rather indistinct; reniform stigma yellowish outwardly with distinct white circumscription, 3 white
dots below; claviform rusty brown; fringes black-brown with black dividing line. Hindwings pure white with
dusky costa and yellowish marginal line. Length of forewings 14 — 15 mm. Near Uralsk in July.

A. perspicua Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 45 c) is a genuine species according to the investigations of
Filipjev. It differs from expansa Alph. which otherwise it most resembles, by the paler, fainter markings,
the less pronounced reniform stigma and narrower margin on hindwings. Besides occurring at Kisil-Arvat.
it is also found in the Samarkand region (Kara Tjube) and near Semiretshje (Naryn).

A. persimilis Rothsch. resembles a dark clavipalpis, but the brown cuneiform marks before the sub¬
terminal band are quite absent. The wing contour is shorter and wider. Head and thorax are dark grey-
brown, abdomen somewhat paler. Forewbngs dark grey-brown, narrowly reddish yellowr on costa. The 4 black
costal spots are very distinct. From the first spot a dark oblique band extends to inner margin. The post-
discal area is dusky black -brown with reddish yellow subterminal line. Hindwings wdrite, veins and margin
grey-brown. Wing expanse; 35 mm. Algeria (Souk Ahras, Sidi bel Abbes) in April and September.

A. expansa Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 213) is not a form of pertinax , but according to Filipjev certainly a
genuine species. It is indeed very close to perspicua, but is darker, more sharply marked with distinct reniform
stigma and more extensively dark at margin of hindwings. The anterior and posterior transverse lines are fairly
distinct. It is widely distributed from Transcaspia (Askhabad), Syr Darja, Ferghana, Thian Shan to Mon¬
golia (Uliassutai). Probably very close to bodenheimeri of this group, enumerated above (p. 176).

A. grisea Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 45 d) as already mentioned (see p. 177) is to be deleted. The species
intended should now be denominated: — cinerascens Tengstr. with menetriesi Aur. nec Kretschm. as synonym.
We are illustrating (21 e) the typical, small, poorly marked form from a specimen from Esthland. — - rouge¬
monti Spul. (Vcl. 3, p. 210, pi. 45 a) is not a separate sjiecies, but the alpine form of cinerascens . It is larger,
more vividly marked and coloured. The old illustration was not well printed and we are giving a fresh picture
here (21 e). Meanwhile it has also been found in the Tyrol. apatetica Pglr. was described as a form of
grisea Ev., which Pungeler had confused. It should be classified here and is a darker form of large size with
grey and not white hindwings. It very closely resembles the variable selini, but differs by entirely different
genitalia whilst cilia of A antennae are double as long. An eastern form from Sajan, Irkutsk, Baikal, Amur.

A. hispanica Mob. (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 48 a). The illustration in Main Volume was poor, we are giving
a better picture of this rare species (21 f). The species is close to kadenii and especially to selini and occurs
in Algeria from April to August. The $ is smaller than the <J, greyer, less ochreous, hindwings grey, in A white.
hispanica is less grey and more ochreous on upperside than selini. Oberthur thinks that it is only an african
form of selini.

A. ingrata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 48 c). As far as I know the type form only emanates from Palestine
and Beirut. The illustrations given by Oberthur showing forms from Lambessa and Ain Draham certainly
do not refer to ingrata. The illustration NDI in the Ft. Comp, appears more likely to refer to ambigua.
Staudinger's genuine ingrata is an almost pure ochreous yellow or pale yellow-grey type, much paler than
the similar selini and quadripunctata, with poorer markings, the $$ almost devoid of markings. Such lines
as are present are faintly irrorated, the outer marginal area is widely blackish with distinct pale subterminal
line therein. There are no brown cuneiform marks anteriorly. Hindwings white, slightly shaded outwardly.

ATHETIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

179

The illustration in Main Volume gives no idea of the species, which is apparently always very rare and we are
giving a good illustration now (21 f).

A. albina Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 d). Also this illustration leaves a lot to be desired and we are albina.
illustrating both sexes afresh (21 f). Costantini records the occurrence of albina at Campania, Naples (Ve¬
suvius). — - parthenopea Costni. according to him is a large form with pale markings. Whether it is actually partheno-
an albina, remains to be definitely ascertained. — - congesta Led. is probably synonymous with albina, as /
Keferstein, Alpheraky and recently also Boursin have pointed out. The illustrations that Warren gave ' ""Jl
in the Main Volume are merely typical albina and they are not very good either. The somewhat greyer form
from Asia Minor may continue to be denominated congesta (21 f).

A. tenera A. B.-H. (21 f). In Pungeler’s opinion this belongs to albina, with which however I am lenera.
not entirely in agreement. The size and the more elongate wing contour are against such a classification.
Forewdngs yellowish grey, faintly mottled with blackish. The transverse lines begin as usual with a sharp black
dash on costa and proceed about as in rougemonti. The dark orbicular stigma is small, the reniform with 4 — 5'
white dots. Subterminal line is whitish with slight brownish yellow inner edge. Hind wings pure white with
yellowish grey marginal liee. Wing expanse: 31 — 34 mm. Yarkend (Mustagata).

A. terrea Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 d, e) — • zermattica Strd. is said to be greyer on body and forewings zermuilica.
without any brownish or ochreous colouration. However the numerous specimens bred by Pungeler from
ova obtained at Zermatt, are all dark grey-brown and can be compared to Warren’s description of — per-
grisea from Uralsk, which was described 4 years earlier. We are illustrating a typical specimen from Zermatt
(21 g), as the illustrations in Main Volume were not very successful. Pungeler himself has considered his
specimens from Zermatt to be ustirena Bsd. which however also cannot be right.

A. fuscicornis Rbr. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 e) — - rufostigmata Rothsch. is a dull bluish grey form with mfo-
vivid orange-red reniform stigma. Orbicular stigma is a brown dot with yellowish red circumscription. From stigmata.
Algeria in June. — - sachalinensis Mats, is very pale grey, costa narrowly yellowish, orbicular and reniform sachali-
stigmata small and indistinctly darker. The brownish transverse lines are interrupted and similarly obscure. nensis.
Hindwings wdiite, narrowly dusky at margin. S. Saghalin.

A. astigmata Rothsch. (= divitefimbriata Obth.) is possibly close to fuscicornis. Forewings on upper- astigmata.
side silky ashen grey, devoid of markings, only the reniform stigma can perhaps be discerned. Costa with 2
black dots at the commencements of the transverse lines. Fringes very long. Hindwings impure whitish,
brownish towards margin. Underside is very silkily glossy. Forewings grey with darker disc, hindwings whiter.

Algeria (Aflou, Guelt es Stel) in September tc November.

A. euxoides Rothsch. possibly belongs in close proximity to the preceding. A very large species, head euxoides.
and thorax deep red-brown, abdomen yellow-grey. Forewings in basal two-thirds rich red-brown, speckled
with grey, in outer third bright fuscous with dark black-brown marginal area, otherwise devoid of markings.

Fringes grey-red. Hindwings semitransparent, grey-white, dusted with darker shades in outer third. Wing
expanse: 42 mm. From 1 $ from Batna.

A. germainii Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 e). The illustration of this rare species is fairly good. Fresh germainii.
specimens are still darker blackish, transverse lines not so pale. It closely resembles the following species,
but is more heavily built and forewings show a distinct subterminal line composed of white spots. Also the
outer edge of reniform stigma is more distinct and marked by white and yellow spots. On underside the arched
line is absent on both pairs of wings.

A. scotoptera Pglr. (21 g) is a small species, that closely resembles the preceding. It is rather more scotoptera.
weakly in build and the other differences are mentioned under germainii. The black-brown forewings are
very indistinctly marked. The anterior transverse line is straight, oblicpie, consisting of small arcs that have
a pale brownish inner edge. The posterior line is somewhat more curved and with sharper dentations. Orbi¬
cular stigma is absent, reniform with dark centre; outwardly of same a brownish spot and in some specimens
with very faint white dots. In the rather darker marginal area, the subterminal line is indicated by very faint
pale brownish spots. Hindwings white, narrowly grey before the margin. Veins and marginal area darker.

On underside both wings have distinct arched lines. The larva is very like that of qua dri punctata. Palestine
in 2 generations. Rothschild also records its occurrence in Algeria (Batna, Sicli bel Abbes).

A. jacobsi Rothsch. (21 g) is a further small dark species, that is closely related to the two preceding, jacobsi.
Head yellow-white, thorax smoky grey, abdomen brownish grey. Forewings dark sooty grey to black, the
basal three-fifths of costa reddish yellow-grey with the black dashes representing the commencement of trans¬
verse lines. The latter as well as the subterminal line are scarcely indicated. Margin yellowish red, only reni¬
form stigma is indicated. Hindwings whitish, veins and outer third dusky brownish. In Algeria in September
and October. Also captured by Schwingenschuss in Andalusia. The larva, which is described by him,

180

ATHETIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

halimi.

pertinax.

inumbrafa.

clam.

melanura.

bcrmcja.

vicina.

syriaca.

fergana.

paupera.

morpheus.

fusca.

ochracea.

generally resembles the A thetis -larvae, but owing to there being some dark subdorsal spots, it also looks like
certain Agrotis larvae. Two small chalk white spots, replacing the dorsal line on segments 2 + 3, seem to
be characteristic. The larvae hibernate in their cocoon in the larval state, changing to a. pupa in the spring.

A. haiimi Chret. probably belongs close to fuscicornis. Forewings yellowish grey, peppered with black,
the transveise lines dark ochreous yellow, with red and black interspersions towards the costa. The anterior
line is oblique, the posterior line has a dark outer edge. The spotted subterminal line is indistinct. Both stig¬
mata are very dark brown, the reniform has a small yellowish white spot outwardly. Fringes ochreous yellow,
peppered with darker patches and black basal line. Hindwings yellowish white. The $ is much paler and
less speckled with black excepting the basal area before the anterior transverse line. Wing expanse: 26 — 28 mm.
Bred from larvae found in February under Atriplex halimus plants. The larvae are greenish or earthen grey,
ventrally paler, dorsally darker and more reddish, with delicate whitish dorsal line, edged on each side by an
indistinct brownish. The subdorsal is formed of brownish mottlings. Warts black and glossy. Biskra.

A. pertinax Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 48 b). The illustration in Main Volume is unsatisfactory and a
better picture is given here (21 g). The group of forms of this and the following species is very difficult to
define; pertinax is a relatively large, very pale yellowish grey species, in the type the marginal area is only
slightly more darkly suffused with brownish, the transverse lines and stigmata are slightly darker, only the
costal spots are somewhat bolder. — inumbrata Stgr. denotes the more yellowish form with darker margin and
characteristic dark band inwards of the subterminal line. We are giving an illustration (21 g). No doubt
there is a close relationship with bodenheimeri enumerated above. In my opinion however this is a genuine
species. — Clara Schaw. was first described as a form of bermeja, with which we deal later on; now however
the author wishes it classified as a pertinax form. Forewings are quite pale yellow-grey and only dark grey
at the extreme outer margin. Both dentate transverse lines, the reniform stigma and costal spots are finely
marked in grey, the bluish grey tone is quite absent. Hindwings silkily glossy white, only slightly grey at
margin. Wing expanse: 33 mm.

A. melanura Alph. (21 g) is a genuine species according to Filipjev. The ground colour is not white,
but only somewhat more whitish than that ol other allied species. It differs by the bold dark shade at margin,
which extends along both sides of the subterminal line, as in inumbrata and is in fact very wide. It is separable
from other related species by the genitalia in that the lower edge of the distal part of the valve is not point¬
ed and the lower projection is much longer than the middle one. In pertinax the distal part of the valve
tapers off towards the extremity, but it is not pointed as in the closely related fergana and the middle pro¬
jection is just as long as the upper one. Besides occurring in Armenia, it is also found in Transcaucasia.

A. bermeja Ribbe (= iberica Hmps., occidentals Obth.) (21 h) is one of the finest Caradrina species
in the group of pertinax forms. Forewings varyingly heavily admixed with leaden grey on yellowish grey
ground, the leaden grey sometimes predominating. The marginal area is particularly dark with a very dis¬
tinct pale subterminal line therein. The basal area and a very clear central shade are also dark, as are the
orbicular and reniform stigmata. Hindwings are whitish grey, darker than in pertinax. This species has no
relationship with gilva , despite the fact that bermeja was described as a form of same. Albarracin to Andalusia.

A. vicina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f). A better illustration is given heie (21 h) as the one in the
Main Volume was not good. It is a somewhat smaller species that is more clearly marked. On the somewhat
transparent hindwings a marginal line stands out very distinctly from the white surface of the wing and some¬
times the margin itself is dusky. The species is distributed from Sarepta to Transcaspia and Samarkand.

A. syriaca Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213) is also illustrated from a specimen bred by Pungeler (21 h). It has
such a different appearance to vicina , that I must deem it to be a genuine species. The deep black reniform
stigma is especially characteristic. It is mainly distributed over Palestine.

A. fergana Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213). Filipjev claims that this also is a genuine species. The <§ genitalia
differ from those of pertinax bv having the distal part of the valve processes tapering off to a point, the cen¬
tral projection is considerably longer than the upper one. As compared with vicina, the markings of forewings
are more definite, but blotchy, not forming lines. The darkening towards the margin is mainly inside of the
subterminal line, in contrast to melanura. fergana is known to occur in Transcaspia, Samarkand and the
Pamir.

A. paupera Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f). Zerny has ascertained that this is quite a different species
as the one illustrated by Hampson and recapitulated by Warren in the Main Volume. Further investigations
seem essential. It is impossible for me to discover, what is the genuine paupera; Zerny claims to have cap¬
tured a specimen in the Lebanon that should be classified under this denomination.

A. morpheus Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f). This generally common species was badly illustrated
and we are giving a better illustration of both sexes here (21 h). The species is very variable in colour, the
distinctness of the shade at outer margin, size etc. - fusca Costni. is small, of wide wing contour and very
dark black -brown ground colour. — ochracea Lenz on the other hand is a very pale buff with diffuse mark-

ATHETIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

181

ings. — • spalleki Kitt is a form with black -brown dusky basal and marginal areas to forewings and deep black- spalleki.
brown centres to orbicular and reniform stigmata, the subterminal line is distinct. From Olmiitz. — punctosa punctosa.
Krul. is a very small form, perhaps of a 2nd generation (? ) with punctiform orbicular stigma.

A. funesta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f). As the genitalia have no uncus, this is a genuine Proxenus
and should be removed from here.

A. gluteosa Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f, g) should also be classified under the Proxenus.

A. aspersa Rbr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 g). The illustration was poor, a better one is now given here aspersa.
(21 li). — alfacaria Ribbe is an andalusian form, that is less grey and more brownish and only poorly marked, alfacaria.
— - anceps H.-S. It is not clear what was intended under this denomination. Perhaps it is only the slightly anceps.
darker Spanish form ot aspersa , possibly however something entirely different. — - culoti Trti. is synonymous cuioti.
with aspersa. It is only a slightly paler, softer grey form with little marking; it was first described from Sar¬
dinia, but has meanwhile also been found in Corsica.

A. predotae Schaiv. is a remarkable, pure pale grey species, without the slightest admixture of brown- predotae.
ish. It looks like a small faintly marked Agr. margaritacea. Forewings almost devoid of markings, the trans¬
verse lines only finely indicated and scarcely visible, merely 3 small black costal dashes indicate their position
and these are definitely clear. The narrow reniform stigma is brownish at top, dark grey belcw. There is
a row of minute yellow'-white dots subterminally. Hindwings pure white, scarcely darker at margin, with white
fringes. From 1 <$ from Albarracin. There is a $ known that may belong hereto, it is however darker grey
with darker hindwings. Obviously closely related to culoti.

A. maurella Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 g) is a genuine Athetis and should not be classified under rmurella.
Proxenus, as Filip jev has ascertained.

A. kitti Rbl, (21 i) somewhat resembles the preceding species, but is a quite unicoloured brown-black kitti.
with heavy coppery sheen, markings only indistinctly visible; fringes very long. Hindwings highly glossily
silky and brownish grey. This species is very easily damaged, the scales appear lightly affixed. It is very local
and is found in the Oetz valley and at Kl. Goll near Golling in the northern Chalk alps. — - griseomixta Schultz griseo-
has paler grey transverse bands, one in the inner part of central area with a distinct black orbicular stigma mixta
therein; the other band is next to the distal transverse line. Both transverse lines, especially the anterior one,
are indicated by very definite black spots. — vollmeri Schultz on the other hand is uniformly pale grey with vollmeri.
stigmata standing out clearly from the grey ground. The orbicular stigma is a round spot, the reniform con¬
sists of several dots. Behind the postmedian there is a darker band.

A. gilva Donz. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 g). The illustration in Main Volume is much too dark, the species gilva.
is considerably paler, more of a bluish grey with yellowish patches here and there. — liiolisana Did. (21 i) is molisana.
a pure silvery grey, no trace of any brownish tone, the transverse markings and stigmata are a somewhat
darker shade of grey, as also is the central shade; the subterminal line is generally clear and distinct. From
the southern Abruzzi, exceedingly similar to the pale Agr. decora form splendida Trti. that occurs there.

A. umbratilis Drt. (21 i) is somewhat smaller, wings more pointed and with more oblique margin to umbratilis.
forewings than gilva. Faintly yellowish grey, daintily bestrewn with grey. Basally and in marginal area the
tone of grey is intensified. Orbicular stigma is absent, reniform stigma is a small grey spot. The anterior
transverse line is very oblique, the posterior one is more heavily dentate than in gilva and nearer to the
margin. Between them is a median shade. Subterminal line appears as a row of pale spots in the darker
marginal area. On the margin is a row of fine black dots before the pale yellowish fringe base-line. Hindwings
pure white with narrowly dusky margin. Korla.

A. fixseni Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 214, pi. 48 d). A better illustration is now given here (21 i), as that in the fixseni.
Main Volume was unrecognisable.

A. keltana Arnsel (21 i) is close to fixseni, but is much paler with obsolete markings and almost com- Jceltana.
pletely pure white hindwings. The transverse lines, that are so distinct in fixseni, are here indistinct and inter¬
rupted. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are very obscure, marginal dots are faint or absent. The underside
is grey-white and devoid of markings. It differs by the much more heavily ciliate antennae and the straightly
porrect or only faintly up-curved palpi with longer terminal joint. Wing expanse: 21 — 25 mm. Palestine
(Wadi el kelt near Jericho) in May. It closely resembles Eulocastra tapina Hmps.

A. casearia Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 214) is now well illustrated here (21 i). — bilineata Culot has a black basal casearia.
streak below the mediana, also a black bar between orbicular and reniform stigmata, which both merge in bilineata.
this streak.

A. oberthiiri Rothsch. is very like casearia, but somewhat larger and more boldly marked. Possibly oberthiiri.
this is an african race of casearia. Algeria (Oued N<yi and south Oued Mya) in April.

182

PETILAMPA; D Y SMILICHIA ; PROXENUS; RADINOGOES. By Dr. M. Draudt.

distigma.

mclanurina.

arcuosa.

airae.

Iuciola.

raebeti.

ob sc lira.

lutescens.

fusca.

melano-

chroa.

sutchanica.

bicolor.

subargen-

teci.

v-parvum.

cinerea.

A. distigma Chret. is classified by its author next to atriluna, but according to Rothschild it would
be better placed near to oberthuri. Forewings pale ochreous yellow', bestrewn with ochreous red and black
scales, especially around the subterminal line. The transverse lines are very fine brown double lines, inter-
filled with the ground colour and commencing at a costal mark. Subterminal line consists of spots. Both
stigmata are distinctly prominent, black with rusty brown scales. Hindwings white, dusted with grey sub-
apically. Head ochreous yellow. Wing expanse: 26 — -27 mm. Algeria.

A. melanurina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 214, pi. 45 g). The wing contour of the illustration was not satisfactory,
but we are not giving a fresh reproduction. The pretty little species is very like Rhyacia melanura, for which
it might be mistaken. However it can be immediately distinguished from same by the anatomical differences.
Hindwings are sometimes completely suffused with grey. It is said to also occur in the Taurus (Marash).

74. Genus: JPetilampa Auriv.

P. arcuosa Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 215, pi. 45 h). The name ‘’'minima Haw.” is to be deleted here, as it refers
to Miana captiuncula (vide what was said there). — - airae Frr. denotes a much more brightly and clearly marked
reddish brown form and should therefore be removed from the synonyms. — ab. Iuciola Prohaslca has coppery
brown fore wings with dark discal area. Described from Gratz.

P. palustris Him. (Vol. 3, p. 215, pi. 45 h) — raebeli Dhl. is a form from Gleiwitz in Silesia, that is
very dark, unicoloured grey to brown-black with scarcely any markings. The $ is completely black and very
glossy. — obscura Hoffm. & Klos is a transition to same, similarly very dark, but not quite so black. Styria.
— lutescens Farr, is paler, forewings ochreous yellowish grey. — - fusca Farr, has forewings duskily blackish
to the posterior transverse line. — melanoehroa Stgr. It seems to me doubtful, whether this is a form of this
species. It is certainly much darker and more clearly marked and we are illustrating a nice specimen (21 k).

75. Genus: Dysmilicliia Speiser.

D. gemella Leech (Vol. 3, p. 215, pi. 45 h) — sutchanica Filip], is distinctly larger than type, it is much
darker brown, the white markings being clearer and more extensive. Orbicular stigma has no central dot,
whilst in the type it often has a distinct dark centre. Wing expanse: 31 — 32 mm. Sutshan.

76. Genus: Proxenu sH.-Schdff.

This Genus should now be separated from Athetis. According to Filip jev's investigations the uncus
is completely missing in the A genitalia, whilst in the Athetis species it is well developed. As stated already
under Athetis , the following species should now be classified under Proxenus: lenta Tr. (= furvula Hbn.), fu-
nesta Stgr., gluteosa Tr.

P. bicolor Chret. Forewings yellowish white in basal quarter with a black basal costal spot therein
and a second one in the first quarter; the whole of the rest of the wing is bluish black with 5 apical costal
dashes and a heavy irregular spot at close of cell. The spotted edge of the posterior transverse line and subterminal
line with 5 marginal dots, are yellow white. The subterminal area is slightly peppered with yellowish white.
Both transverse lines are delicately black. Hindwings white, brownish at apex with fine brown marginal line.
Head grey intermixed with yellow and black, the thorax is ochreous yellowish, scapulae yellow-white, abdomen
deep ochreous yellow. Wing expanse: 18 mm. Biskra in March. This small species is unknown to me and
I am therefore unable to judge whether is should actually be placed here.

77. Genus: ISaclinogoes Btlr.

R. subargentea Car. (= hospes Graes., nec Frr., tristis lugens Herz nec Stgr.) (21 k). Head and ab¬
domen very pale grey, thorax grey-brown, darker in $. Wing contour more elongate than in the closely related
lepigone. Forewings monotonous pale grey-brown, darker dusky brown in $. Reniform stigma is merely in¬
dicated by a faint white streak, the dentate transverse lines are very indistinct, the median area is occasionally
faintly darker. Hindwings pale grey with slightly darker veins. Wing expanse: 26.5 — -31.5 mm. Amur terri¬
tory, Corea.

R. v-parvum Kozh. has similar wing contour to lepigone (Vol. 3, p. 216, pi. 45 i) but the apex is less
rounded. Forewings pale grey-brown, both transverse lines very indistinct, paler than ground colour, con¬
sisting of small lunules, the posterior line proceeds straight from apex to the outer third of inner margin and
it has a dark shade outwardly, there is then a narrow pale band that does not extend to apex. Margin and
central area are somewhat darker and with a more rufous tinge. Basally there is a short pale longitudinal
stripe below the mediana. Orbicular stigma is a small brilliantly white v-slmped mark. Reniform stigma is
a white dot. Hindwings pale grey with darker veins and narrow dark margin. Wing expanse: 28 mm. From
around Minussinsk, flying by day over steppes where Artemisia grows, in May.

R. cinerea Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 21(5, pi. 48 d) has a certain resemblance to subargentea, but the apex of
forewings is less rounded off and central area more clearly outlined. A transverse band of small longitudinal

183

HAEMASSIA;

GALGULA

BALSA; PROPSALTA; SCIOPTLLA; HADJTNA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

streaks beyond the outer transverse stripe is characteristic. Hindwings whitish. As a well developed uncus is
present in the <$, this species would be better classified under Athetis.

E. tristis Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 216, pi. 45 i). According to Filipjev this species is generally incorrectly
diagnosed by most authors. In his opinion it should be placed with lentina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 h) and
classified under Proxenus. The q genitalia are identical, but those of the $ are different from furvula ( lenta).

In tristis the expansion of the bursa is below the ductus, in furvula above same.

R. lugens Stgr. (= hospes Graes. nec Frr.) (Vol. 3, p. 216). According to Filipjev this species is enti- lugens.
rely separate from tristis and belongs to the lepigone group. It closely resembles same, but is much darker.

78. Genus: Haeinassfa Hmps.

H. renalis Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 216, pi. 45 i). The illustration was bad, we are giving a fresh better one renalis.
here (21 k).

H. vassilininei A. B.-H. (21 k). This closely resembles the preceding species, but is a more brownish vassilininci.
red, the median area is deeper brown, on both sides are lunular arched lines sharply outlined by white. Behind
the area of the reniform stigma are 2 round Avhite dots and also behind the anterior transverse line in the
central cell, there is an isolated distinct white dot, which enables one to distinguish the species immediately
from renalis. From the Caucasus (Aresli) and now also known to occur at Marash.

79. Genus: Cwalgiila Guen.

G. partita Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 217). No illustration was given in Main Volume and we are now giving partita.
one of both sexes here (21 k). — baueri Stgr. is to be withdrawn as a synonym to this sexually dimorphous baueri.
small species. The name merely represented the' usual which is pale greenish grey, yellow-grey or pale brown¬
ish grey in colouration, whilst the $ is always dark brown with almost black hindwings.

80. Genus: ISalsa Whr.

B. malaria Fisch. (Bd. 3, p. 217, pi. 48 d). The almost unrecognisable illustration of this insignificant malana.
species in Main Volume, is replaced here by a better one (21 k).

83. Genus: PropsaUa Wh-.

P. atricupreoides Draes. is like atricuprea (Vol. 3, p. 219, pi. 45 1). The is somewhat smaller, ground atricupreoi-
colour is grey-brown, both transverse lines are double, darker brown with paler interfilling, both dentate, the (lcs-

outer one with pale points on the veins. Subterminal line dentate, darker, sharply outlined against the paler
marginal area. The thin dark marginal line is interrupted on the paler veins. Hindwings grey-brown, paler
at base and with darker marginal line. Peiping.

P. topsenti Obth. is close to griseata Leech (Vol. 3, p. 220). Forewings brown, slightly silkily glossy, lopsenii.
The subbasal consists of 2 wdiite spots with fine black circumscriptions. The oblique anterior transverse line
is grey with black edge. The posterior line is similarly grey with fine black edge on either side. The large
orbicular stigma is grey. The reniform stigma is obscure on a dark brown ground. Subterminal line has dark
brown inner edge. Fringes grey with black checks. Hindwings pale brownish darker towards margin with
faint discal lunule. Siao-loo.

P. scherdlini Obth. The generic classification of this species is still open to doubt; it was described scherdlini.
as a Perigea. It is said to remind one of the Genus Kerala by the elongate wing shape and sleek abdomen.
Forewings are silkily glossy brown, the anterior transverse line is undulate, not oblique with inner and outer
brown edge. Immediately under the round orbicular stigma, is the large distinct claviform stigma. The huge
long reniform stigma is white with brown surround. The sub terminal line is boldly undulate with pale outer
edge. Marginal line finely black, fringes checked. Hindwings impure white with grey discal lunule and brownish
margin. From Ta-tsien-lu.

84. Genus: Neioptila Wan.

S. eriopoda H.-Schdff. (Vol. 3, p. 220, pi. 47 a) — - eriopodoides Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.). Forewings eriopo-
dusted with grey, somewhat rosy behind end of cell, similarly beyond the posterior transverse line between
vein 3 and inner margin. Asia Minor.

86. Genus: fiatljiEiu Stgr.

H. radiata Leech (Vol. 3, p. 221) — distinctior Draes. The pale patches in markings of forewings are dislindior.
heavily admixed with white, especially the orbicular and reniform stigmata; the dentations of the posterior

184

MARASCHIA; CATAMECIA; NAMANGANA. Von Dr. M. Draudt.

eremHa.

decolorata.

lutosa.

taurus.

per si cola.

grlsescens.

deceptrix.

jordana.

'maure¬

tanica.

balestrei.

contrita.

bryophiloi-

des.

chimaera.

transverse line are pure white. Costal and marginal areas on underside are dusted with lilac-grey. Hindwings
pale with heavy black discal spot, postmedian and subterminal bands. Szechuan.

H. erentita A. B.-II. (21 k). Forewings wide with pointed apex and oblique margin, uniformly reddish
violet, partially dusted with brown. Both transverse lines are irregularly dentate, dark with paler edges on
averted sides. Subterminal line, which forms 2 arcs, is faintly paler. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are
slightly paler, the former small, the latter often diffuse. Marginal line is light and distinctly drawn. Extrem¬
ities of fringes are darker than the ground colour. Hindwings grey-black with faint tinge of reddish. Fringes
paler. — decolorata A. B.-H. is a darker ashen grey form. Wing expanse: 28 — 30 mm. From Gann (Peter
the Great mountains), beginning to mid June. The species had best be placed after chinensis Wllgr. (Vol. 3,
p. 221, p. 47 b).

H. lutosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 221). This species was not illustrated in the Main Volume and we are now
giving an illustration (21 1). — taurus Strd. denotes the greyer specimens from the Taurus that are suffused
with fuscous and which were already mentioned by Warren. Turner appears to have erroneously placed
this form to Rhizedra lutosa Him.

H. viscosa Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 221, pi. 47 b) — - persicola Strd. is more ochreous or grey bestrewn with
brownish, scarcely tinged with reddish. Both transverse lines of forewing are more distinct, the anterior one
is angulated twice at submedian and near inner margin. Between the stigmata there is a darker patch. Pers¬
ian Gulf.

86a. Genus: Marascliia Osth.

Proboscis boldly developed, palpi short and wide, straightly porrect with bushy hairs. Frons smooth,
a short spine in centre in <J. Antennae boldly ciliate in more weakly in $. Thorax with coarse hairs and
scales, abdomen similarly. Forewings wide with truncate apex and uniformly curved margin. $ with project¬
ing ovipositor. Differing from the closely related Hadjina by the shorter palpi and from the similar I pimorpha
which has a purely hairy thorax. Only 1 species:

M. grisescerss Osth. (21 1). Forewings grey-white, distally bestrewn with grey-black scales. Basal area

very wide, edged outwardly by a simple reddish black line, that extends from the proximal third of costa in
a number of arcs to centre of inner margin, forming 2 sharply pointed dentations in its lower part, that point
towards the base. Central area somewhat dusted with reddish, edged outwardly by the simple, sinuate post-
median line, that has a pale outer edge. Orbicular stigma very large, distally yellowish with blackish surround.
Reniform stigma darker grey with similar circumscription to orbicular. The space between the stigmata is
darker rufous. Subterminal line pale, dentate with blackish spots anteriorly between the veins. Hindwings
whitish with darkly dusted veins and blackish marginal line. The ^ is much more indistinctly marked, hind¬
wings dusted with grey. Wing expanse: 35, $ 38 mm. Taurus (Marasli) in August — September.

88. Genus: Catamecia Stgr.

C. deceptrix Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 222, pi. 47 c [not d !]) . The illustration was a poor copy. A better one
is given here (21 1).

C. jordana Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 222) is now illustrated (21 1). — mauretanica Stgr. (= aeton Culot as syn¬
onym) is perhaps a genuine species. — balestrei D. Luc. (21 1) resembles mauretanica in appearance, forewings
pale grey with distinctly white orbicular and reniform stigmata, also the subterminal area is whitish. Nefta,
Kebili, from March to June and again in September — October.

C. contrita Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 222, pi. 47 c [not a!]). The illustration was poor, a better picture is now
given here (21 1). According to Pungeler this species would better be classified in the Genus Xylomoia.

C. bryophiloides Rothsch. I have not seen this species and cannot say whether same should be placed
here. Head and thorax pale grey-brown, abdomen paler and more yellowish. Forewings ashen grey, the central
area with darker slate grey outlines. Outer transverse line extends to apex, whilst the two lines approximate
closely at inner margin. Subterminal area pale grey. Hindwings silvery grey-white, dusky at margin, greyer
in Wing expanse: 27 — 29 mm. Algeria in August — September.

89. Genus: Nauiangaoia Stgr.

N. chimaera Rothsch. This species differs considerably and its generic classification is open to doubt.
The S is monotonous brownish grey with silky gloss. Forewings slightly peppered with black, rather more
heavily so in basal fifth. An oblique faint black line extends from vein l in the direction of apex to vein 5.
Subterminally there is a row of small indistinct black spots between vein 4 and inner margin. Wing expanse:
31 mm. Morocco in July. This species should be placed at end of the Genns.

Publ. 25. II. 1935.

EVISA; APAMEA. By Dr. M. Draudt.
89a. Genus: Evisa Reisser

185

Proboscis well developed palpi extraordinarily short, slightly pendent, frons smooth; antennae with
short fascicles of cilia. Thorax quadrate, coarsely haired, posteriorly with longitudinally divided crest. Ab¬
domen narrow and weakly, a small tuft on first segment. Forewings elongated, with pointed apex. Only one
species :

E. schawerdae Reisser (21 1). Thorax and forewings ashen grey, the latter with short black basal streak;
both transverse lines black and approximately vertical to inner margin, the anterior line forms 3 angular arcs,
the posterior one is finely dentate with yellowish grey outer edge. Between the two there are indications of
brownish central shade. The small round orbicular stigma is whitish with grey centre and delicate black
circumscription; the reniform stigma is large, pale yellowish grey, the lower half grey-black, with delicate
black outline only on inner and lower edges; claviform stigma is small with very delicate black circumscrip¬
tion. Subterminal line diffuse, yellowish grey; on margin there is a very thick black marginal line. Fringes
ashen grey, intersected by yellowish on veins. Hindwings pure white, dusted with black towards the margin,
with deeper black veins and dense black marginal line. Wing expanse: 28 — 31 mm. Corsica (Evisa).

91. Genus: Aparnea Tr.

The species of this Genus, so far as concerns the “ nictitans ” group, have had to be entirely re-classi¬
fied, owing to the careful research of Burrows, Pierce, Wilh. Petersen (f) and Heydemann. We are
therefore giving as many details as possible and based on the works just mentioned, the group has to be consi¬
derably enlarged. Instead of nictitans Bkh. and paludis Tutt, the following european species have to be intro¬
duced: 1. oculea L. (with f. nictitans Bkh.), 2. fucosa Frr. with paludis Tutt and pallescens Stgr., 3. lucens Frr.
and 4. crinanensis Burrows <fb Fierce. Besides there are quite a number of new east-palaearctic species. Whoever
is particularly interested in this group, should make a point of studying Heydemann's treatise in regard to
same, which was published in the Ent. Zeitschrift, Frankfurt 44 and 45.

A. oculea (= nictitans L. myopa Fabr., I cinerago F'abr., obscura Tutt) (Vol. 3, p. 224 as “nictitans
Bkh.” , pi. 46 b). In this and in the following forms and species I am enumerating the most easily recognisable
characteristics as given by Heydemann. The general shape is small, compact, with wide wings. Reniform
stigma complete, large and white, not tapering off towards base. Ground colour brown, often with fuscous
tone in centre, posterior to centre frequently with violet-brown ground and band-like shades and lines. Valves
of d with blunt rounded anal angle and wide lobulate harpe with 2 short pointed branches. $ with narrow band¬
like vaginal plate with flat excision and short wide points to ovipositor. — nictitans Bkh. (= chrysographa
Film.) is the larger, more reddish to rusty brown form to central and eastern Europe, as well as Asia, whilst
oculea represents the smaller north-westerly race. — - aurigera Heydem. is an especially large southern form
with golden yellow basal and central areas. All 3 stigmata are golden yellow' with delicate violet-brown circum¬
scriptions. A golden yellow patch also at apex. Tessin. — - auricula Don. has a golden-yellow complete reni¬
form stigma and is a rare form that is almost always taken for fucosa Frr. and paludis Tutt. Its con-
specific relationship to oculea has still to be checked. — erythrostigma Haw. (22 a) has a red-orange com¬
plete reniform stigma. Also very rare. — obscura Tutt are completely dark brown extreme specimens without
rusty red tone and with grey-black hindwings. — pallida Tutt are pale reddish grey. Rare. — - rosea Tutt has
a more ochreous brown ground colour with paler hindwings with yellowish rose fringes. — albicosta Tutt is
probably a pathological specimen with completely white costa to forewings. — conjuncta Spul. is also patho¬
logical. It has a very large orbicular stigma with yellowish surround which conjoins with the reniform stigma.
oculea is rarer in northern Europe, more common in the south, extending however from Sweden and Finland
to the Alps of 1ST. Italy and eastwards to Persia and Issyk-kul.

A. fucosa Frr. (= paludis auct. nec Tutt) (22 a) is the most common form in central and south eastern
Europe. It is the large continental race, that has hitherto been designated as paludis Tutt and which often
exceeds many lucens specimens in size. It is mentioned in the Main Volume on p. 224 as a form of lucens Frr.
The name type form fucosa is pale leathery yellow with light orange reniform stigma, which may be narrower
or fuller and larger and which exactly resembles that of auricula and erythrostigma of the preceding species. A very
variable species. — albomaculata Heydem. (22 a) is just as pale as the name type but with large snow-white
reniform stigma, which however inspite of two white dots on inner side, does not appear so fidl or so round
as in ocidea. — intermedia Heydem. is somewhat darker, leathery buff with yellow reniform stigma, whilst - —
intermedia-albo(niaculata) has white reniform stigma. * — brunnea Heydem. is a. dull brown form; suffused with
violet-grey in marginal area with complete and large yellow or narrowly white (brunnea-albo[maculata]) reni¬
form stigma. — rufa Dadd are pale brown specimens devoid of grey or ochreous yellowish tones and with deep
orange, respectively white (rufa-albomaculata Dadd) reniform stigmata. These brown specimens with orange
stigmata are not differentiable outwardly from typical lucens. — • grisea Heydem. and grisea-albo(maculata)
Heydem. are still more inclined to impure grey with faint yellowish hue and the yellow or wdiite, frequently
very large, reniform stigma stands out prominently. — subsp. pallescens Stgr. exactly resembles fucosa in build,
but differs by the somewhat paler yellowish, rather more impure grey suffused ground colour of forewings.

Supplementary Volume 3 24

schawerdae.

oculea.

nictitans.

aurigera.

auricula.

erythro¬

stigma.

obscura.

'pallida.

rosea.

albicosta.

conjuncta.

fucosa.

albomacu¬

lata.

intermedia.

intermcdia-

albo-

(maculata ) .
brunnea-
albo-

(maculata) .
rufa-albo¬
maculata.
grisea-albo-
(maculata) .
pallescens.

186

APAMEA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

pallescens-

albo-

( maculata ) .
paludis.

paludis-

flavo-

( maculata) .
grisea.
grisea-
flavo-

( maculata ) .

intermedia-

flavo-

( maculata) .
rufa-
flavo-
maculata.
brunnea-
flavo-
( maculata)
obseura.

anomala.

hicens.

Generally it has a yellow reniform stigma, hut also occurs with white — pallescens-albo (maculata) Heydem.
This is the commonest and most widely distributed race in Asia, extending to the Amur. — subsp. paludis Tutt
(Vol. 3, pi. 46 b) is barely larger than nictitans, but has narrower wings and is differently coloured with less
extended apex to forewings. The name type, which we are again illustrating (22 a) is pale yellowish grey with
narrow white reniform stigma, which towards the base is obliquely compressed by the ground colour, so that
occasionally only a fine crescent with dusky grey nebular surround remains. Marginal area clearer, whitish
yellow-grey, the lines delicately grey-brownish. - — paludis-flavo (maculata) Tutt has a narrow pale to golden
yellow reniform stigma, whilst the orbicular stigma, in contrast to oculea and nictitans, is scarcely discernible
in the ground colour. — • grisea Tutt is still more grey with impure olive hue in central area and more especially
around the reniform stigma. — grisea-flavo (maculata) Tutt has a yellow-brown reniform stigma. — intermedia
Tutt and intermedia-flavo (maculata) Tutt are brighter buff to ochreous yellowish with narrow white or yellow
stigmata and smaller than continental specimens. — - rufa Heydem. and rufa-fiavomaculata Heydem. are pale
brownish specimens, often with ochreous tone around the stigmata, paler in marginal area and with almost
rufous suffusion. — brunnea Tutt and brunrsea-flavo (maculata) Tutt are chestnut-brown to dull brown in tone,
often paler violet-grey in marginal area, as is shown in the illustration in Vol. 3, pi. 46; the narrow reniform
stigma is white or red-orange. — - obseura Heydem. is deep chocolate-brown without a reddish tone, with very
narrow streak-like reniform stigma. Besides occurring in England, paludis is found on the north Frisian Is¬
lands. The only safe distinction for fucosa and its forms is ascertainable from the genitalia. The lower branch
of the harpe is long, does not, however, extend beyond the anal angle of the cucullus. Corona only to halfway
of outer margin, the row of spines from anal angle to centre of inner surface, f ucosa with its forms is distributed
over entire central Europe, eastwards to Kamschatka, the Amur and W. China, southwards to the french
Riviera and the Caucasus. The species occurs from mid July to end of August, both in moist and dry districts.
There is nothing certain to be said in regard to the larva. As to — anomala Krul. which is said to be a nictitans
form with grey or grey-brown forewings with ochreous yellow or orange-red reniform stigmata, the classification
seems doubtful. I presume it is the grisea form of paludis, which in such a case would become synonymous.
From Ufa.

A. lucens Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 224) is now illustrated from a specimen selected by Reydemann (22 a). The
species is the rarest of the european group and only occurs on highland heath moors. The degree of variation
is less great than in the two preceding species. It cannot be differentiated outwardly from certain forms of
fucosa Frr. and crinanensis Burr., but brown and reddish brown forms are the rule and such pale specimens
as the typical fucosa or pallescens do not seem to occur. The more common type of the species is red-brown,
paler violet- grey in postmedian area, with wide dark brown interrupted median shade and fairly distinct lines
and markings, with large almost complete orange-red reniform. When the latter is white, it is denominated ■ —
lucens-albo (maculata) Tutt (22 a). The stigma seems to be obliquely cut off towards the base and is narrow
and suffused with the ground colour. — - brunnea n. coll, and brunnea-albo (maculata) n. coll, denote brown to
dark brown specimens without the red tone in central area and generally with quite dark grey hindwings and
pale reddish ochreous fringes. — intermedia Tutt and — intermedia-albo (maculata) Tutt are the palest forms,
impure, pale leathery buff, basal and marginal areas greyish white to pale nebular violet-grey, reniform stigma
ochreous yellow, rarely white. • — grisea Tutt (22 a.) and grisea-albo (maculata) Tutt are grey-brown to grey-
buff forms, which are also greyish white to pale violet-grey at apex and in postmedian area. This is a. rare form.

- — obseura Tutt are melanic deep reddish black to violet-brown forms with blackish lines and almost com¬
pletely grey-black hindwings and orange-red reniform stigmata. Generally speaking can only be differentiated
by an examination of the genitalia. In the <$ a more pointed anal angle of the valves with isolated brush of
spines which does not extend to centre; corona spines to % of outer margin; the lower branch of the harpe
is curved and visibly extends beyond anal angle. In the $ the most definite characteristic is the ovipositor
with long, sleek, only slightly rounded points. The species occurs from mid July to end of August on high
lying moorlands. In England it only occurs in the north, in Scotland, Wales and Ireland. It spreads over the
entire northern Europe to central Sweden and south Finland, southwards to S. Bavaria, eastwards to the
Urals. It is surmised that Molinia coerulea is the food plant of the larva.

A. crinanensis Burr. <£■ Pierce (22 b). This species cannot be differentiated by superficial appearances
from red-brown fucosa and lucens, but only by the genitalia. A description is therefore superfluous. The nom-
ino type is pale reddish brown with darker median area. Reniform and orbicular stigmata orange. — pal¬
lida Burr, and pallida -flavo Burr, are pale yellowish grey with white or yellow stigmata. ■ — rufescens-flavo
Burr, is dusky red with dark orange reniform stigma. - — - rufescens-albo Burr, identical but with white stigma.

— grisescens-flavo Burr, is grey-red with yellow stigma. — grisescens-albo Burr, the same with white stigma.

— castanea-flavo Burr, dark crimson-brown specimens with yellow stigma. — castanea-albo Burr, the same
with white stigma. • — • nigrescens-albo Burr, blackish red-brown with white stigma; crinanensis is generally

nigrescent- smaller than lucens: wing expanse: 29.5 — 35 mm. In the the valve has a cucullus completely covered with
a/bo. Spjneg aiKj no harpe, the valve itself is narrow. The $ has a deeply split vaginal plate. The species is only
found in Ireland, Scotland and N. England, rarely in single specimens in Denmark, North Sleswig, Sweden
and S. Finland; Esthland, the Baikal territory and Thian-shan. The larva is grey-white, occasionally reddish

lucens albo-
( maculata ) .
brunnea.
brunnea-
albo-

( maculata) .
intermedia-
albo-

( maculata ) .
grisea-
albo-

( maculata) .
obseura.

crina¬

nensis.

pallida- flavo.
rufescens-flavo.
rufescens-albo.
grisescens-
flavo.
grisescens-albo .
castanea-flavo.
castanea-albo.

HYDROECIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

187

brown or reddish with 2 reddish brown dorsal stripes, an interrupted subdorsal and wide lateral stripe. It has
black warts and pale brown head. It lives in swampy territory with flowing water, in the shoots of Iris pseu-
dacorus, probably also feeding on grass and swamp thistles.

A. asiatica Burr. A generally smaller species with uniformly coloured forewings without lighter or asialica.
darker patches, often diffuse and with less distinct lines; fucosa and oculea-nictitans are sometimes so similar
that it can only be differentiated by an examination of the genitalia. It is as large as nictitans, fore wings red¬
dish brown, orbicular and reniform stigmata somewhat paler, the latter almost complete, incomplete in centre
towards base. — - asiatica-albo(maculata) Heydem. has white reniform stigma. — - intermedia Heydem. and asiatica-
intermedia-albo (maculata) Heydem. are the palest forms, leathery brown with distinct brown lines, the shade a/,>0~ /
of colouration is the same as the corresponding forms of fucosa and lucens, but without the grey-violet patch intermedia '.
in postmedian area. Reniform stigma ochreous, respectively white. — castanea-flavo (maculata) Heydem. is albo-
the darkest, rich brown form with reddish hue and brilliant orange-red reniform stigma. It can be distinctly lasianea-^ '
differentiated by the very narrow, elongate valves, densely covered with spines on the cucullus, without harpes flavo-
ancl the wide deeply excurved excision of the vaginal plate of the $. Wing expanse: 27- — 30.5 mm. Daghe- (maculata.)
stan, Alexander Mountains; Issyk-kul; Hi territory; Thian-shan; Ussuri; China and Japan.

A. ochreola St.gr. (Vol. 3, p. 224, pi. 46 b). The illustration was unsatisfactory. It is larger than all ochreola.
other species. Forewings pale yellow-brown with very narrow white reniform stigma and whitish grey hind-
wings. The $ valve is fairly similar to that of oculea, the upper hook of the harpe is longer than the hook¬
shaped lower branch. Only known to occur in western central Asia.

A. distincta Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 224, pi. 46 c). The illustration seems to be good, but as only the one distinda.
specimen is known, it is difficult to say anything definite, without having had an occasion to examine further
material. Heydemaot finds a resemblance between the illustration and ussuriensis Pet. or even with ochreola
with yellow reniform stigma.

A. burrowsi Chapman is a large species (wing expanse: 37 — 39 mm). Forewings deep rich brown with burrowsi.
orange-red stigmata. As compared with paludis it differs in the two parallel lines posterior to stigmata,
the space between the outer line and the margin is intersected by an angulated line. The hindwings are
characteristic, they are almost whitish yellow, paler at base and with a dark diffuse postmedian line parallel
to a band-like shading of the marginal area. — burrowsi-albo Heydem. is the form with chalky white reniform burrowsi-
stigma, orbicular stigma orange. As usual, the reniform stigma is not complete, but it is narrowed towards albo-
the base, as if cut off by the ground colour. - — - rufa Heydem. denotes a paler $ with fuscous median area, very ruja.
distinct marking of the lines, with clear dividing line and postmedian area dusted with violet. Hindwings scar¬
cely paler at base. Valves of $ with long bold chitinous hooks, projecting distinctly beyond the dense hairs.

Otherwise genitalia very like those of lucens. Japan, Amur and Ussuri territory.

A. ussuriensis Pet. This species reminds one strongly of nictitans owing to the reddish admixture of ussuriensis.
the ground colour of forewings and especially in the surrounds of the reniform stigma. In stature it is more
like paludis, reniform stigma is white, yellow or orange, the brown lines are clearly prominent, the rect -
angular, interrupted narrow central shade below the reniform stigma is particularly distinct. In the the
valve is wide, rounded and bent forward at dorsal rim with a short single branched harpe and a long, dentate
clavus which is situate widely outward and upright. In the $ the tip of ovipositor is short and wide. Wing
expanse: 32 mm. Ussuri territory and Japan (Yesso and Hondo).

•

A. malaisei Nordstr. superficially most closely resembles an oculea with an unusually large reniform malaisci.
stigma. Forewings brown to grey-brown. Orbicular stigma orange to dark yellow-red, reniform stigma white
to creamy yellow or in — erythrostignia Nordstr. orange to dark yellow-red. The latter stigma is very large, crythro-
roundish, in outer half it has a more or less zigzag shaped brown line. A distinct claviform stigma is absent. stigma.
Hindwings grey-red to grey-brown, somewhat paler towards base, with reddish yellow fringes. In — conjuncta conjunda.
Nordstr. both stigmata are conjoined forming a wide cuneiform patch, that extends to the outer transvere
line. The genitalia of this species have resemblances to those of lucens, paludis and burrowsi, being most like
the latter. In the q the upper edge of the valve is sharply angulated, the harpe is almost as long as in burr¬
owsi, the upper branch extends to the bend of the valve, the lower one exceeds the outer edge of the
cucullus. Wing expanse: 27 — -32 mm. So far only known to occur in Kamschatka.

93. Genus : Hydroecia Guen.

H. hucherardi Mab. (Vol. 3, p. 225, pi. 46 cl as “hucheradi”). This species is conspecific with osseola hucherardi.
(Vol. 3, p. 225, pi. 46 c). It differs by the somewhat more brownish grey, almost impure whitish ground colour
and the less distinct markings. We are able to replace the unsatisfactory illustration by a good one (22 b) from
a $ specimen, which has been kindly lent to me for the purpose by Mr Boitrsin. — ■ subrufa Luc. denominates subrufa.
specimens with a deeper brown tone. From France.

188

PYRRHIA; MERISTIS; ELYDNA. By Dr. M. Deaudt.

murciegoi.

turatii.

discolor.

plumbosa.

leuco-

gra/pha.

boreli.

franciscae.

aurantiaca.

goossensi.

uniformis.

orientalis.

vexilliger.

exprimens.

taurica.

Irigram-
mica.
brunnea.
albescens,
renala.
qua dr i-
grammica.
-uAgre-
punetata.
fasciata.
convergens .
basivolula.
oculala.

coreana.

H. murciegoi Fdz. A quite recently described Spanish species, which from its structure would appear
to be conspecific with hucherardi. It is described as ochreous yellow, almost devoid of markings, only the
lower half of reniform stigma being slightly darker grey. Extremities of fringes not darker, but lighter than
ground colour. The $ is somewhat darker. From La Vid (Burgos).

H. puengeleri Trti. (Vol. 3, p. 225, p. 46 c). — turatii Gostni. is a somewhat larger and paler form, which
originates from Como and Milan. Later on the author claims it as a genuine species, which is said to also occur
in the Province of Emilia (Mte. Gihbio).

H. micacea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 226, pi. 46 d). — discolor Krul. denotes specimens with grey or black-brown
ground colour, frequently with greenish but not coppery sheen. From Wiatka. - — • plumbosa Harrison are still
more blackish specimens with leaden gloss, described from England.

H. leucographa Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 226, pi. 46 e). The larva of this fine and large species, like related
species, feeds up well on carrots; the imagines emerge from the pupae after 30—40 days. — boreli Pier. (22 e).
According to an examination of the genitalia by Le Cerf, these so closely resemble those of leucographa , that
it must be held to be a subspecies. The larva feeds in Peucedanum parisiense, but can also be fed on carrots.
When fxdly grown, it closely resembles that of leucographa , but appears darker and the warts seem coarser.

H. franciscae Trti. (22 b) should be classified before xanthenes, as the first species of Section VII.
Owing to the formation of the antennae, it is most closely related to that species, although superficially it
more closely resembles leucographa. It is only half as large and in colouration it more closely resembles Xanth.
flavago, the yellow is heavily interspersed with red-orange, the claviform stigma is completely orange. The
marginal area is paler orange-yellow contrasting with the violet-brown of the narrow subterminal area. There
is a pale yellow subapical patch. Hindwings as in leucographa. • — aurantiaca Trti. is a form in which the violet-
brown colouration is quite absent from the orange- yellow ground. On the other hand the cell, subterminal
band and fringes are pale reddish brown. Sardinia (Aritzo).

H. xanthenes Germ. (Vol. 3, p. 227, pi. 46 f). — goossensi Dumont has forewings of brick-reddish hue
with metallic sheen, the stigmata are paler with delicate red circumscriptions. Hindwings very pale grey-
red with almost whitish fringes. — uniformis Dumont has unicoloured reddish ochreous forewings with elliptical
yellowish orbicular stigma having longish brown centre. Reniform stigma is absent. There is however a fine
yellow marginal line. Hindwings paler, unicoloured. — orientalis Obth. is the east-algerian form, which is very
pale, but less yellowish than the andalusian and Sicilian specimens. It occurs in October at Lambessa and
Batna. The larva of xanthenes is pale claret-red with orange-red head and black-brown scutellum with pale
dividing line, the larva has black warts, thoracical and abdominal legs. Dorsal and subdorsal lines paler. It
is polyphagous and is found in artichokes and Umbel] if era, Compositae, Solanum and Crucifera roots.

95. Genus: I*yrrlii n Hbn.

P. umbra Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 227, pi. 46 g). — vexilliger Ghr. (22 b) is to be removed from the synonyms.
It forms together with — exprimens W hr. ( = angulata Grote, aconiti Holizermann), which can claim rights
of priority, a form with ochreous reddish forewings and deep brown suffused postmedian and marginal areas.
Also the head and thorax are dark brown, exprimens was described from Canada and the LUS.A., vexilliger
from Krasnojarsk in S. E. Siberia, but has also been found in Finland, Perm, Leningrad and Moscow.

P. treitschlcei Friv. (Vol. 3, p. 228, pi. 46 h). — taurica H.-S. should be removed from the synonyms
and deemed to be a race. It is predominantly yellow-white with greatly suppressed rose. We are illustrating
a specimen of this nice form from the Lebanon (22 b).

97. Genus: Meristis Hbn.

M. trigrammica Hujn. (Vol. 3, p. 229, pi. 46 i). We have to add to the numerous forms mentioned
in Main Volume: — brunnea Lenz a dark brown, not grey form. — albescens Lenz are pale whitish specimens,
only in marginal areas of forewings and on hindwings are there darker shades. — renata Lenz has reniform
stigma with dark surround and hence prominent. — - quadrigrammica Lenz has the outer transverse line
double. — nigropunctata -Krombaeh has a black dot in place of the reniform stigma] — fasciata Krombaeh has
an unusually wide median band. — convergens Wilian has central and outer transverse lines converging at
inner margin. — basivoluta Wilian has outer transverse line curved convexly outwardly, the ends are con¬
joined by a transverse streak. - — oculata Wihan has the central transverse line transformed in the shape of
a lentil, forming a patch 3 mm long by 1 x/z mm wide. The last 3 forms from Bohemia.

100. Genus: jElydim Wkr.

E. coreana Mats. (22 c) should be classified after albisignata Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 229, pi. 46 k) and closely
resembles the species under Dyrzela Wkr. occurring in numbers in the Indo-australian territory and especially
tumidimacula Warr. (Vol. 11, p. 176, pi. 20 a). Dyrzela is a synonym to Elydna , the species was classified by

CALYMNIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

lX!)

Bang-Haas as Ipimorpha, with which however it has nothing in common. Forewings brown with paler trans¬
verse line and stigmata, the orbicular is round, the longish reniform stigma extends to below the cell, both
are pale yellowish with delicate surrounds. The posterior transverse line is incurved on vein 6, attached to
it outwardly is a very striking deep velvety brown costal spot, which is concave outwardly and with fine pale
yellowish edge. Hindwings paler grey-brown with dark discal spot. Corea (Shakoji). — moltrechti 0. B.-Ji .
is the Amur representative from Ussuri; it is darker brown, the costal spot is almost black, the transverse
lines converge more closely towards inner margin, there is a black spot before the anal angle. — - honei O. B.-H.
is much paler, so that transverse lines and stigmata are scarcely discernible, the costal spot is much wider,
over the anal spot there are two additional spots. East China (Shanghai) captured in July.

102. Genus: Caljmuia Hbn.

C . affinis L. (Vol. 3, p. 230, pi. 47 d). — morleyi Porritt has deep black-brown ground colour of fore¬
wings with more or less extinct costal spots. From England. — nigrata Schaw. is a similar very blackened
form from Vienna. — affirseola Strd. has grey-brown forewings, scarcely suffused with red, the postmedian
area is more heavily covered with whitish. — affinella Strd. also has the whitish suffusion posterior to the outer
transverse line rather more pronounced, but the ground colour is normal. — subaffineola Strd. resembles affi-
neola, but is rather more heavily blackish.

C. unicolor Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 230, pi 47 e) was dealt with under affinis, but according to Filipjev's
researches, it is a genuine species with different genitalia. It differs from affinis by the absence of the white
costal spots and the straight oblique anterior transverse line, which is not angulated below costa. Amur, Ussuri.

C. pyralina Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 230, pi. 47 e). — obscura Hoffm. & Klos is dark blackish brown, the white
transverse stripes obsolete. - — fuliginosa Du Bois is also a dusky form. — cuprea Horm. is a brighter coppery
red. - — - arnoi Schaw. a form with pale rose-brown forewings. — dannehli Hartig (= roessleri DM.) is a very
large deep red form with closely approximated outer transverse lines and very wide, bold white costal spot.
Probably these last forms are one and the same. — saturate-brunnea Strd. with “browner forewings" is prob¬
ably identical with corusca Esp. mentioned and illustrated in Main Volume.

C. trapezina L. (Vol. 3, p. 230, pi. 47 f). — Further colour variations have been denominated: — rubella
Krul. a fleshy red form, which is probably identical with the carnea Warr. mentioned in Main Volume and
which has rights of priority. — ■ lutescens Wrli. has glossy yellow, not blackish, hindwings with normal colour¬
ation of forewings.

G. camptostigma Men. (Vol. 3, p. 231, pi. 47 g). — - camptostigmoides Strd. has greyer forewings with
scarcely noticeable darker pepperings. — mediorufa Strd. has a red median area on forewings. — - rufa Strd.
has a red suffusion over the entire forewing. All these forms are from East Asia.

C. trapezinula Filipj. Forewings brown and the anterior blackish transverse band extends less obli¬
quely than in trapezina, terminating in centre of inner margin, so that discal spot of hindwings is immediately
opposite its extremity, whilst in trapezina it is further towards the base. The posterior transverse line is nearer
to the margin and is more definitely bent below the costa, there is a dark spot before it on the costa. Hind¬
wings blackish, paler in basal and anal areas. Genitalia differ considerably. Wing expanse: 23 mm. Sutshan
(Ussuri territory).

C. moderata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 231, pi. 47 h). The old illustration was a bad copy. A better picture is
given here (22 c).

C. bifasciata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 231, pi. 47 i). According to Pungeler this would be better placed in
the Genus Pyrrhia (Vol. 3, p. 227) after umbra Hufn. The illustration was unsatisfactory and much too dark.
We are therefore illustrating afresh here (22 c).

C. sugitanii Mats. (22 c). Forewings brownish yellow, dusted with bluish grey. The subbasal line con¬
sists of two small black spots placed one belowr the other. The anterior transverse line is oblique, black-brown,
terminating in centre of inner margin. A central line converges on the posterior transverse line, being closest
on vein 1, the space between the two being intertilled with black-brown. The delicate undulate subterminal
line ends on costa in a black-brown diffuse spot. Stigmata scarcely indicated. Hindwings pale grey with grey
postmedian and subterminal lines and a discal spot. Wing expanse: 31 mm. Honsho, Japan.

C. eugeniae Kard. resembles penicillata Graes., which according to Pungeler is identical with cam
Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 232, pi. 47 i); eugeniae is smaller, forewdngs rosy browm, anterior tranverse line indistinct, the
posterior line with less distinctly convex arc below costa and therein an indistinct pale rose spot, thence an
acutely angulated shade extends to apex, which has no dark dots. In central area there is a faint darkish shade
outwardly at upper end. Orbicular stigma is faint, reniform stigma almost circular. Fringes rosy grey-brown.
Hindwings pale grey-brown with discal spot. Wing expanse: 24 mm. Sedanka, Vladivostock, in July.

mollrechli.

honei.

morleyi.

nigrata.

affineola.

affinella.

sub¬

affineola.

unicolor.

obscura.

fuliginosa.

cuprea.

arnoi.

dannehli.

saturate-

brunnea.

rubella.

lutescens.

campto¬

stigmoides.

mediorufa.

rufa.

trapezi-

nula.

moderata.

bifasciata.

sugitanii.

eugeniae.

190

DICYCLA; ENARGIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

rufccanago.

conflua.

olivacea.

ul ids.

griseo-

olivacea.

rufa.

brunnea.

pseudo-

regina.

jordani.

regina.

griseo-

olivacea.

rufa.

brunnea.

algirica.

ruberrima.

kansuensis.

Irapezoides.

106. Genus: Dicycla Guen.

It is now proposed to re-name this Genus — Zenobia Oken. on the plea that this is the oldest name.

D. oo L. (Vol. 3, p. 233, pi. 47 k). — rufocanago DM. has the ferruginous fascia in outer area suffused
with olive-grey. This is the most variegated form, as well as the darkest, being placed between the grey griseago
and renago. — conflua Holze has orbicular and reniform stigmata confluent. — olivacea Skala is an aberration
that is completely suffused with olive-grey. From Moravia.

107. Genus: Eiiargla Hbn.

E. ulicis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 233, pi. 47 k). This species also occurs in Mauretania. Oberthur considered
same conspecific with regina Stgr. and algirica Culot, but Rothschild, as well as Hampson disagree. The
decision is difficult, because in the 3 species, three separate groups of colour occur: — griseo-olivacea Culoi
yellowish oclireous grey, — rufa Culot salmon-pink to deep brick-red and — brunnea Culot brown to black-
brown. The margin of forewings is faintly dentate and of rosy hue. Transverse lines are paler than ground
colour, stigmata more or less distinct, sometimes very bold, sometimes almost obsolete. Hindwings of silv¬
ery white, inclined to be rosy along the margin, in $ rather more brownish. — pseudoregina Fdz. (22 e) ex¬
ceeds griseo-olivacea and is very pale yellowish, almost whitish with black basal spot, as in regina ; orbicular
stigma reduced to a dot, reniform stigma large with grey centre. Both transverse lines distinct, without dent¬
ations, the anterior line very oblique, so that at inner margin it almost converges with the posterior line. In
place of subterminal line there are 2 rows of black dots, the inner one on the veins, the outer one between
them. Costa and antennae are a brighter ochreous yellow. Hindwings rosy brownish. The $ is much darker.
From Bejar (Salamanca) and Ucles in September. The author considers it possible that this is a genuine species.

E. jordani Rothsch. is most closely related to borjomensis Rom. (Vol. 3, p. 233, pi. 47 1) differing by
the very bold and distinct orbicular and reniform stigmata. The $ antennae are so heavily serrate, that they
almost seem to be pectinated, the $$ of all other species have simple antennae. Head and thorax are cinna¬
mon-red, abdomen grey-white, densely scaled with black. Forewdngs cinnamon-red, peppered with black,
anterior transverse line scarcely visible, orbicular and reniform stigmata very large, dark brown; the posterior
transverse line is distinct with undulate dentations. Fringes cinnamon-red and without the black tips of ulicis
and allied species. Hindwings pale whitish with very small black discal spot and pale cinnamon-reddish un¬
dulate and angulated discal line. Wing expanse: 41 mm. From a single $ from Souk Ahras (Algeria), captured
in April.

E. regina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 233, pi. 48 a). The same three colour variations occur here as in ulicis. It
differs from the latter by the more accentuated black rowrs of spots in place of the subterminal line, by darker
stigmata and black basal dot. — griseo-olivacea Culot is more yellowdsh ochreous grey, — rufa Culot salmon-
pink to deep brick-red and - — brunnea Culot. brown to blackish.

E. algirica Culot. (= deleta Warr., rufescentior Rothsch.) (22 c). This species closely resembles the
preceding, but the more or less distinct submergence of the stigmata and subterminal line is characteristic.
Head and thorax yellowish cinnamon-red, abdomen paler. Forewings cinnamon-red, costa, inner margin and
fringes inclined to orange; the oblique anterior transverse line is pale yellowish, edged with orange outwardly,
whilst the posterior line lias an inner orange edge. Stigmata small, grey with narrow pale yellow surrounds.
Subterminal line quite indistinct. Hindwings white, rosy grey margin and fringes. The $ is inclined to brick-
red on thorax, forewings olive-brown, hindwings grey-brown, paler at base, heavily suffused with rose, almost
carmine at margin. This species, like the preceding, is very variable. It occurs in Algeria from September to
November. Very deep red specimens are denominated — ■ ruberrima Rothsch.

E. kansuensis sp. n. (22 e) is probably related to abluta and im.buta. (Vol. 3, p. 234, p, 47 1, 49 a) and
appears to vary considerably. In the $ before me, forewings are pale brownish yellow, thorax and anal tuft
somewhat more ochraceous. Transverse lines delicate but distinct, brown, the anterior line bulging forwards
in 3 arcs towards the margin in the cell, at submedian and below nervure 1. The posterior line slightly curv¬
ed, almost parallel to margin. Orbicular stigma round, reniform stigma angulated and impressed outwardly,
with a small grey spot at lower end. Immediately before same a faint central shade, subterminally a very faint
shade is indicated; pale marginal striations before the fringes. Hindwings yellowish grey, dusted with black
except at base and on costal margin. Faint marginal striations before the yellowish white fringes. The $ is
much darker, brown, still deeper chocolate brown in the wide central area, so that the adjoining transverse
lines are invisible. However as the ground colour on the averted sides is paler a contrast is created. Both stig¬
mata with pale centres and with a dark central spot. Hindwings uniformly browmish grey. Thorax almost
slate-grey, head and collar paler yellowish grey. From a well preserved pair from N. Kansu in the collection
of Baxg-Haas.

E. trapezoides Stgr. (22 cl) was omitted from Main Volume. It resembles a small abluta rufula, the outer
margin is more oblique and less bulging. The anterior transverse line proceeds obliquely from the first fifth
of costa almost to centre of inner margin, slightly bent towards the base on vein 1. Stigmata are larger, there

PHRAGMATIPHILA; RHIZEDRA; SEDINA; ARENOSTOLA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

191

is a faint central shade between them. The posterior transverse line is straighter, less sinuate. Hindwings
pale brownish grey, darker in $. From W. Turkestan, Alexander Mountains to E. Siberia.

E. paleacea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 233, pi. 47 1). — postulkae Slcala is a unicoloured pale yellow form without
any markings. Described from Moravia.

108. Genus: Pliraginatiplilla Hmps.

P. insularis Trti. (22 e) closely resembles nexa (Vol. 3, p. 234, pi. 49 a) but the forewings are reddish
yellow-grey with paler antemarginal ; the orbicular stigma is a minute white dot, the white reniform stigma
is not angulated outwards in upper half and is not proximally extended on mediana, but is simply a narrow
crescent. The veins of inner margin are slightly dusted with black. Hindwings unicoloured brownish with
scarcely indicated antemarginal and reddish fringes. Underside yellowish with pale antemarginal, which is
much wider than in nexa. Sardinia (Aritzo) in October.

109. Genus: JKhizedra Wan.

Rh. lutosa Hhn. (Vol. 3, p. 235, pi. 49 b). — - vectis Curt, should be removed from the synonyms, as
it is not identical with the type. The forewings are pale ochreous with darker longitudinal streaks between
the paler veins, the mediana is reddish ochre, also the inner marginal nervure which is dusted with black;
there is a discal dot and a postmedian row of dots. The whitish hindwings are faintly dusted with ochreous.
— strigata Rbl. has dentate black postmedian lines on fore and hindwings, forewings also have an ante-
median. — lechneri Rbl. has forewings densely dusted with grey-brown, the veins, a submedian streak ana
a cell streak remain pale. — rufovenosa Schille is smaller than type, forewings ochraceous grey with paler
veins. The inner marginal area is suffused with darker grey, with a typical row of dots. Hindwings dark grey
with reddish veins and fringes. From Galicia.

109a. Genus: Sedina Urbahn

Thanks to the researches of Urbahn, the semi-extinct “ Simyra ” buttneri has been re-discovered and
its correct classification recognised. In consequence this species is placed next to Rhizedra. The new Genus
Sedina is characterized bv a short proboscis, projecting, somewhat porrect palpi with long hairs and elongate
pointed terminal segment. Frons smooth. Antennae serrate and ciliate in d, simple and ciliate in $. Thorax
with appressed hairs. Abdomen long and without tufts. Foretibiae with inner large pointed spur. Forewings
with pointed apex. Type: S. buttneri Her.

S. buttneri Her. (Vol. 3, p. 12, pi. 2 d). The illustration was poor, a better illustration is given here
(22 d) from a nice specimen that was kindly lent me for the purpose by Mr Urbahn. — moltrechti 0. B.-H.
(Suppl. Vol. 3, p. G, pi. 1 b) should also be classified here. It is the more frail, paler east asiatic race and is
not a separate species, buttneri lias hitherto only been found at Stettin, Misdroy, Potsdam and Paris. Spe¬
cimens denominated buttneri from Taganrog, Rostow and Kursk have not yet been determined as to their
specific relationship and may possibly be a new species. The life history has also been discovered by Ptrbahx.
The ova hibernate, the larva hatches at the end of April, feeding on Carex acutiformis and Glyceria. In nature
it feeds head downwards in the central shoot of the plant, about 3” below the surface and the central leaves
of the plant become discoloured and yellow. The larva is sleek and typical Leucania type, pale yellowish with
wide reddish brown subdorsal line and stigmatal marks. It pupates end of June to beginning of July with
the head upwards in the hollow' of the stem of a plant of the preceding season. The imagines emerge end
of August to October.

110. Genus: Are nos tola Hmps.

A. procera Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 235, pi. 49 d). The illustration w-as unrecognisable. A better picture is now
given (22 d).

A. phragmitidis Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 234, pi. 49 d). — maculata Warn, has richly yellow orbicular and
reniform stigmata. Slesvig-Rolstein.

A. rufula Wan. has approximately the same form and size as phragmitidis and is about of the same
colouration as the ab. rufescens Tutt, but it has a white costa and fringes of the same colour as the ground;
hindwings pale ochreous yellowish in basal area, whilst marginal area is more reddish ochraceous. Fringes
paler. Head and thorax pale brownish red like the forewings. Syr Darja, Transcaspia.

A. imicolor Wan. is somewhat larger and has wider wings than phragmitidis, it is as pale in colouring
as the ab. pallida Tutt, but the fringes in unicolor are not grey-brown, but of the same shade as the forewings.
The hindwings, including the fringes, are pale ochreous yellow and not grey with paler veins. Similarly from
Transcaspia, but probably also occurring in Tura, Issyk-kul and Amdo. Both the last two species are doubtful
in regard to their claim to specific rank and should perhaps meanwhile be better classified as subspecies to
pfva gmitidis .

postulkae.

insularis.

vectis

strigata.

lechneri.

rufo¬

venosa.

biittneri.

moltrechli.

procera.

maculata.

rufula.

unicolor.

192

ROSENIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

soiin-

retheli.

signata.

imprdba.

taurica.

junci.

nigropicta.

expressata.

saturata.

fasciata.

fulva.

neurica.

concolor.

ochracea-

suffusa.

punicea-

suffusa.

transversa.

africana.

sounkeana.

extrema.

radiata.

impura.

obscura.

dulcis.

suzukii.

A. sohn-retheli Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 235, pi. 49 e). This species has meanwhile also been discovered in the
Romagna and similarly in Greece (Parnassius). In the latter country it has been hitherto mistaken for mor-
risii, which thus is not found in Greece as stated in Main Vohune and this should be corrected. — signata
S.-R. (22 d) are rather darker specimens with distinctly pale veins, that stand out prominently from the
olive-brownish ground. Also a whitish reniform stigma is visible and 2 indistinct whitish transverse lines,
which often are noticeable in consequence of darker outlines.

A. improba Stgr. (22 d) was omitted from Main Volume. I was able to inspect the type. Head and
thorax white with faint yellowish hue, abdomen yellow-brown. Forewings with whitish costa and also narrowly
at inner margin, brownish yellow, veins delicately darker and between the veins there are longitudinal grej^-
brownish streaks. Hindwings strikingly dark black-grey with whitish fringes. Thian-shan, East Turkestan.

A. taurica Stgr. (22 d). Also this species was omitted from Main Volume. The type has been sub¬
mitted to me. It is a narrow winged small species with pointed wings. Forewings ivory white to pinky grey
sparsely peppered with dark grey, especially along the veins and occasionally with 2 dark dots at close of
central cell. Hindwings impure whitish to grey. Abdomen fairly long. From Marash and Akbes, probably
occurring in 2 generations.

A. fluxa Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 236, pi. 49 f). The names enumerated under the synonyms partially refer
to special forms, thus — - junci Bsd. is very pale straw-yellow with dusky mediana and obsolete whitish reni¬
form stigma, hindwings blackish; W. Germany. — nigropicta Huene has 2 black transverse lines, which con¬
verge at inner margin, often becoming confluent and forming a patch. The posterior line is dentate. Described
from Estliland. — expressata Krul. is not a synonym of fluxa, but an extreme form of nigropicta with especially
bold dentate black transverse lines. Wiatka, Kasan. — • saturata Stgr. is also not a synonym, but a form with
much richer red colouration, according to Turner = hellmanni H.-S. which in the Main Volume is enumerated
among the synonyms of pygmina Haw. — fasciata Krul. is a nigropicta or expressata with a dusky median area
between the transverse lines.

A. pygmina Haiv. (Vol. 3, p. 236, pi. 49 f). — fulva Him. is not, as stated in Main Volume: fulvous
rufous, but a rich rufous. — neurica Steph. is not an especially large pale ochreous yellow form, but deep brown.
— - concolor Tutt is an almost whitish form, — ochracea-suffusa Tutt is ochreous yellow with grey shading along
the veins. — punicea Tutt is pale rose-grey and not “paler and greyer less fulvous-’. — - punicea-suffusa Tutt is
similar, but with grey shaded veins. — - transversa Stgr. is dark grey-red or red-brown with 2 very pronounced
black transverse lines. From Esthland. — - africana Obth. Forewings are more reddish ochre with faintly visible
central shade. It is very distinct by the invariable white hindwings, in contrast to the brown hindwings of
type. Algeria.

A. sounkeana Mats, is somewhat like pygmina, but easily distinguishable by the 2 cell spots. Fore¬
wings dark grey, with a darker shade at base; one black dot in place of the orbicular and two for the reni¬
form stigma, the latter has a somewhat whitish outer edge. On margin there is a row of black dots. Hind¬
wings pale grey with silky gloss, veins and margin somewhat darker. Wing expanse: 23 mm. Hokkaido, Japan.

A. extrema Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 236, pi. 49 g). — - radiata Wgnr. shows longitudinal streaks created by the
appression of black scales along the veins. In regard to the german localities, it should be remarked that the
species is found in western Pomerania, around Stettin and then again in central and southern Baden and
around Munich. Besides it is found in Switzerland and near Paris. The larva resembles that of hellmanni,
but has a black head and it feeds in the stems of Galamagrostis epigeios.

A. morrisii Dale (Vol. 3, p. 236, pi. 49 g). — ■ impura Schwing. (22 d) is dusted with grey-black, forming
patches between the veins of disc. In outer area these incline to become longitudinal. — obscura Schwing. is
a uniformly dusky grey-black. The species is also found around Vienna. Further Pietsch captured a quite
typical $ on 5th June 1912 at Wehlau in F. Prussia. He has made me a present of the specimen which is new
to that district.

A. dulcis Obth. (22 f) described as Argyrospila, but probably better classified here. Forewings on upper-
side silkily glossy yellowish white, often with faintly reddish hue. Veins delicately marked with brownish
black and they seem to protrude slightly. Hindwings white. Underside dull brownish black, inner margin
and margin yellowish white, veins grey-black. The $ is smaller than the <$ and has narrower wings and rela¬
tively very long abdomen. Geryville in Algeria, in August and September.

A. suzukii Mats. (22 f). Forewings pale brownish yellow, sparsely peppered with black-brown, there
is a black-brown spot both subbasally and in centre of cell. Both transverse lines quite extinct, undulate,
angulated on vein 1. On margin there are some dark dots. Hindwings somewhat paler with dark discal spot.
Wing expanse: 26 mm. Honsho, Kyoto.

110 a. Genus: Rosen la Schaw.

Proboscis well developed; palpi covered with woolly hairs and pointed, straightly projecting terminal
segment, extending beyond the clypeus. Antennae of A with long bi-pectinations, those of $ with short ser¬
rations. Thorax with dense hairs, crested on top. Abdomen extending beyond the inner angle of hindwings.

Publ. 11. III. 1935.

ARCHANARA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

193

Hincl tibiae with 2 pairs of bold spurs, with many bristles adhering to anterior of tibiae. With this diagnosis
the classification of the single species seems rather doubtful. Schawerda places it with a ? next to the Simyra,
Bang-Haas described the species as a Tapinostola. We are placing it temporarily here. It is possible that it
is an aberrative Agrotid.

R. distincta A.B.-H. (22 f). Forewings pale ochraceous, partially olive-greenish, the anterior two- distincia.
thirds of costa paler, reddish. A wide white longitudinal streak extends from base over the mediana almost
to margin, it is edged above and below by dark olive-grey. There is a second white longitudinal streak sub-
apically above vein 6. The veins are delicately but duskily outlined. Hindwings impure whitish, somewhat
darker at base and inner margin; there is a dusky longitudinal streak below the mediana towards the margin.

Thorax yellowish white. Ussuri.

111. Genus: An*liauara Wkr.

A. geminipuncta Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 236, pi. 49 g) — - fusca Tutt is not identical with nigricans Stgr., the fusca.
latter is completely sooty black-brown; fusca similarly but with 2 white dots in reniform stigma. — nigro- nigropunc-
punctata Kromb. orbicular and reniform stigmata are denoted by heavy black dots. — - iaeschkei Warn, has . , , talu

r o & iaeschkei.

double transverse lines clearly indicated on forewings, these outline the central area towards the base and outer

margin. This form has been observed around Hamburg and Kiel. — orientalis Wgnr. is a very interesting orientalis.

subspecies from Anatolia (Aksliehir). It is remarkably large with wide wings and dark colouration. It is a

very dark chestnut, almost black-brown, somewhat like the form nigricans. Another specimen is inclined to

grey-brown with blackened disc in forewings and dark marginal veins. The white reniform dot more or less

distinct. Length of forewings; 18 mm.

A. dissoluta TV. (Vol. 3, p. 237, pi. 49 li) is incorrectly illustrated in the Main Volume, dissoluta is a dissoluta.
dark form, arundineta the paler; — - hessii corresponds to the darkest dissoluta forms and is not a simple synonym, hessii.
but much darker, duskily blackish with white reniform stigma. — flava Turner is a yellow form, without any jlava.
reddish tone, all the darker markings suppressed. From Yorkshire. — rosea Turner is suffused with rose. — rosea.
sulzeri Vorbr. described as a genuine species, but it probably is an aberrative specimen belonging here. Fore- sulseri.
wings reddish blue-grey, orbicular stigma barely indicated, reniform stigma outlined by whitish, the longi¬
tudinal streak is absent. There is a posterior transverse line consisting of arcs and beyond same a sinuate row
of black dots. On the margin there are black cuneiform triangles, then a pale marginal line and grey-brown
fringes. Hindwings grey with dark cell spot. Head and collar grey. From Tarasp. It is sometimes difficult
to distinguish dissoluta and neurica. dissoluta has dark central spots on underside of hindwings, which never
appear in neurica. Further the collar is always of the same shade as the thorax, whilst in neurica it is always
white posteriorly. Besides dissoluta is generally more compactly built and larger on an average.

A. neurica Hbn. (Vol. 3, p v37, pi. 49 h). — rufescens Edelst. is a reddish form with darker hindwings. rufescens.
— fusca Edelst. is a black-brown form, hindwings being also darker than type. — - nigra Thirner is a completely fusca.
black form, analogous to the darkest hessii , but always recognisable by the white collar. In regard to the differ- m(Jra-
ences as compared to dissoluta, see above.

A. affinis Rothsch. is very close to neurica , but is darker and more blackish. It can at once be different- affinis.
iated by 4 black dots at the 4 angles of reniform stigma and black dots below the orbicular stigma. From Sidi
near Abbes (Algeria) in June.

A. sparganii Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 237, pi. 49 i). A number of new forms have been denominated: — uni-
maculata Dumont. Forewings dull ochreous, with faint rosy hue, the black marginal dots faint, only 4 black
dots in place of the lower part of reniform stigma, the veins are not reddish. Hindwings paler in both thirds
of inner margin. Oise. — impunctata Turner. The black dots along the hindmargin of forewings are absent.
Hungary. — clara Turner is an extraordinarily pale form with almost white hindwings, only very faintly suf¬
fused with yellowish. Forewings only slightly more yellowish, without any reddish or brownish tone. The
rows of black dots are present. N. E. Kent. — lutea Wightrn . is pale sulphur-yellow on forewings, hindwings
paler yellow, peppered with blackish at base. Essex. — rosea Wightrn. Forewings pale orange-rose with pale
rose veins. Hindwings delicate ochreous whitish. — - tufa Wightrn. has deep coppery red forewings. Hindwings
pale reddish with dusky grey streaks on veins. — nigrostriata Wightrn. has the same ground colour as type;
a black streak extends below mediana, from base to outer row of dots, with further streaks below costa and
above inner margin. Hindwings ochreous grey with black streaks along veins. Sussex. — rosearadiata Wightrn.
has longitudinal streaks like the previous form but coloured a deep bluish red and widely expanded, so that
the pale ground colour only appears as 2 strips above and below the mediana. Hindwings with rosy tinge,
otherwise as previous form. Sussex. — deleta Wightrn. resembles the previous form, but the streak along the
mediana is absent. — strigosa Stgr. was omitted from Main Volume. Forewings dull straw yellow with very
dark streak along the mediana which terminates just before the outer margin in a separated isolated dark spot.
Sometimes also the subcostalis is covered by a dusky streak as far as end of cell. In centre of cell there are
3 black dots, the one behind the other. Amur.

unvmacu-

lata.

impunc¬

tata.

clara.

lutea.

rosea.

rufa.

nigro¬

striata.

roseara¬

diata.

deleta.

strigosa.

Supplementary Volume 3

9

5

194

COENOBIA; NONAGRIA; ORIA; ARGYROSPILA; SESAMIA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

sparganoi- A. sparganoides 0. B.-H. Body and forewings yellow-grey, the latter with separated marginal dots.

des . In place of the posterior transverse line there is a row of delicate black dots on veins. Two blackish longi¬
tudinal streaks extend through the disc. Hindwings blackish as far as an arched black line beyond centre.
Wing expanse: 27 mm. From 1 $ from S. Ussuri (Sutshansk).

brunneo- A. algae Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 238, pi. 49 k). — brunneo-ochrascens Strd. has pale forewings dusted with pale

ochrascens. ochreous brownish .

112. Genus: Cloenobia Steph.

rufa. C. tufa Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 238). We are illustrating the usual northern german type (22 f); ruja is the

despecta. rufous form. — despecta Tr. should be removed from the synonyms, it is a more brownish form with paler
lineola. hindwings. — liiieola Steph. is reddish grey with a brown streak on mediana, the illustration was not satis-
fusca. factory. — fusca Bankes (= rubicundipennis Strd.) has dark brownish black forewings with very faint reddish
suffusion and dark grey hindwings slightly paler at base. From England.

stigmatica. C. stigmatica Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 238, pi. 48 e). The illustration was unrecognisable. A fresh one is given

here (22 f).

113. Genus: Ufonagrta Tr.

N. maritima Tausch. (Vol. 3, p. 238, pi. 48 e). — - anella Steph. is not synonymous with maritima (Type),
combinata. but with hipunctata Haw. — - combinata Edelst. is a combination of the hipunctata form with nigristriata. —
spormanni. spormanni Heydem. fairly closely resembles combinata but has a much more silvery grey, only faintly brownish
conjuncta. ground colour w'hilst combinata has a more reddish hue. — conjuncta Rangn. is an interesting form, in which
grisea. the 2 dots of hipunctata are widely conjoined by black at lower edge. From Berlin. — - grisea Wgnr. is a much
paler and purer grey subspecies from Anatolia (Akshehir).

obscura. N. obscura Wilem. is dark grey-brown on head and thorax, abdomen greyer. Forewings grey-brown

with faint bluish grey suffusion, the veins distinctly prominent, especially the mediana with twro black dots
between 2 and 4. Hindwings grey-brown. Wing expanse: 30 mm. Hondo (Yoshino) in July.

114. Genus: Oria Hbn.

musculosa. 0* musculosa Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 239, pi. 48 f). The illustration was poor, nothing is visible of the paler

olivina. markings. A better illustration is now given here (22 f). — - olivina Alph. has olive-yellowish longitudinal streaks
dirini. on deep olive-grey ground colour. — - dirini Alph. has a bright rusty brown ground with ivory-white longitudinal
streaks. Both described from S. E. Russia (Crimea).

lajonquie- 0. myodea Rrnbr. (Vol. 3, p. 239, pi. 48 f). — lajonquierei 0. B.-H. (22 g) is of paler colouration on upper-

rei- side of thorax and forewings, brownish yellow, the veins are prominently dark. The submedian fold crosses
a blackish streak, above which the ground colour appears strikingly paler. Hindwings white. Described from
S. E. France, Gironde; May and June.

115. Genus: Argyrospila H.-S.

striata. A. striata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 248, pi. 51a) is mistaken by Warren and many other authors to be the

same as Timora albida Hmps., which although similar, is widely different. The illustration was poor and seems
to more closely resemble the said albida. Afresh illustration is given here (22 f). Thorax white, abdomen brown¬
ish yellow. Forewings yellowish olive-grey, costa, inner margin and extremities of veins white. There is a
long wide white band through the cell that is bifurcated at end of cell and extends on veins 3, 4 and 6, 7 to the
margin. The submedian fold is also widely white. Hindwings white, faintly dusky towards margin. See also
p. 197.

succinea. A. succinea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 239, pi. 48 f). The illustration was too dark and not representative. A

better illustration is now given (22 g). The species has meanwhile been found to occur in Anatolia (Akshehir).

116. Genus: Sesamia Guen.

calamistis. S. calamistis Hmps. (Vol. 15, p. 97, pi. 10 i). This species, which is dealt with in the African Volume,

occurring in S. Africa, is reported by Rothschild to occur in Algeria in September. It differs from vuteria
Stoll. (Vol. 3, p. 240, pi. 48 f) to which it is closely related, having similarly constructed antennae, by the pure
ochreous yellow ground colour. This is devoid of any reddish tone and is much more heavily dusted with black.
Besides there is a black dot on the submedian fold before the centre and a further black dot occurs with the
discal spot on the discai fold posterior to close of cell. Wing expanse: 36 mm.

rufescens. S. cretica Led. (Vol. 3, p. 240, pi. 48 g). — rufescens Schaiv. is a form that is suffused with reddish brown;

from Herzegowina.

CALAMIA; C ALLAN A; EUTERPIA; SYNTHYMIA; CARADJIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

195

S. uniformis Dudg. (Vol. 11, p. 189, pi. 21 b). This species which is known from the East Indies as being uniformis.
injurious to sugar cane, has been recorded as occurring at Luxor (Egypt).

120. Genus: CJalamia Hbn.

C. virens L. (Vol. 3, p. 240, pi. 48 g). — flava Wohlfahrt has yellow forewings, pale brown at outer margin, /lava.
fringes white, the white reniform stigma has a pale brown outer edge. Costa paler, basal area of forewings with
faint greenish tone. Abdomen and hindwings impure pale yellowish green, darker at margin. From one perfect
d from Merseburg. — decolorata Car. similarly described from a perfect $, has whitish forewings with faint decolor a.ta.
greenish hue in disc; costa, outer margin and apical area with rosy sheen. Dobrudja (Tekirghiol). — rubro- rubrocili-
ciliata Schaiv. has bright brown fringes with white extremities. There is a fine yellow line between the brown
fringes and the green surface of the wings. The white reniform stigma has a brown circumscription. Hind-
wings impure grey, denser towards margin. Fringes of hindwings white. Albarracin. — bimaculata Krul. Mmaculaia.
from Ufa and Wiatka has a white orbicular stigma besides the similar reniform stigma.

C. pyxina A. B.-H. Forewings pale yellow, costa and veins somewhat more whitish, otherwise devoid pyxina.
of markings. Rarely a posterior transverse line is indicated by whitish dots on veins, similarly there are some¬
times traces of a whitish reniform stigma. Hindwings white. The $ antennae with short cilia. The generic
classification is at present open to doubt. Wing expanse: 36' — 40 mm. Uralsk (Emba river).

122 a. Genus : Callyiia Guen.

This Genus, which has many representatives in the indo-australian and african territories, is now also
found to be represented in Japan. Proboscis developed, the erect palpi extend to vertex; frons smooth, an¬
tennae ciliate; the thorax scaled and without a tuft. The narrow forewings with almost parallel margins. Neur-
ation normal. Differing from CTiasminocles by the scaled thorax and absence of tufts on abdomen.

Type: C. siderea Guen. from Indo-Australia.

C. monoleuca Wkr. (Vol. 11, p. 196, pi. 21 g). This dark species with its yellowish white apical spot,
occurs in Japan (Karapin) in the form — japonibia Strd. In it the stigmata are only barely indicated, whilst japonibia.
the pale grey oblique antemedian and similar postmedian are distinct. Captured in August.

123. Genus: £uterpla Guen.

E. laudeti Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 242, pi. 48 i). — umbrata V. Schultz has a wide dusky marginal band on hind- umbrata.
wings. From Albarracin.

124. Genus: Synthymia Hbn.

S. fixa F . (Vol. 3, p. 242, pi. 48 i). — diffusa Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.). The hindwing has a diffuse central diffusa.
band and a similar postmedian. — - sitffusa Strd. is a synonym to griseofusa Warr. with completely dark brown
hindwings. In the form — prieta Bibbe the upperside of forewings is completely suffused with dark brown, prieta.
only the pale narrow outermarginal band and the pale stigmata are retained. — nigra Bibbe combines the nigra.
dark forewings of the previous form with the completely black-brown hindwings of griseofusa. — australis Obth. australis.
(22 g) is an especially pale and large form from Algeria, Sicily and Morocco.

124a. Genus: Caracl jia Zemy.

Proboscis fully developed. Palpi straightly porrect, about half the length of frons, with trilobed chitin-
ous projection and corneous plate thereunder. Antennae of $ shortly ciliate. Thorax and abdomen with
smooth scales, no dorsal tufts, the latter with short ovipositor that is curved downwards. Tibiae with short
hairs, fore tibiae with short pointed spine at extremity on outer side. Forewings narrow with almost rectangidar
apex and regularly sinuate smooth margin. Areola present.

Differs from Synthymia Hbn., with which it has the formation of frons and folds in common, by the
narrow wings, the presence of the spines on fore tibiae, the absence of the coarse hairs on thorax and at base
of abdomen, the ovipositor, as well as the much more extended anastomosis of the subcosta of hindwings.

C. sericea Zerny. Eorewings on upperside glossily pale straw-yellow, almost devoid of markings. The sericea.
underside is yellow-grey, costal margin widely straw-yellow towards apex. Fringes on underside grey in the
basal half. Hindwings glossily yellowish white, transparent, with grey dusting, especially along the veins and

196

CROSIA; MEGALODES; PROTOMECERAS ; MESAEGLE. By Dr. M. Dkaudt.

hachem.

; prolixa .

mimicaria.

(jouzza-

Jcouli.

towards the costa. The underside is yellowish white without any dusky dusting. Vertex, basal limbs, palpi
and back of thorax pure white; frons, 2nd and 3rd segments of palpi, legs and abdomen pale straw-yellow, fore
tibiae grey on inner sides, fore and middle tarsi ringed with grey. Length of forewings 15 mm. From the Inn
Shan, Chingan mountains, eastern Mongolia, at an altitude of 2000 m. In July.

124b. Genus: Crosia Dupont.

Proboscis weak; palpi short, somewhat oblique, the central segment scaled on underside, with short
terminal segment. Frons with flat quadrangular corneous plate with small central point. Antennae of q finely
ciliate. Thorax scaled, abdomen without crests. Fore tibiae without spines. Apex of forewdngs pointed. On
hindwings 3 -f 4 and 6+7 are stalked. Only one species:

C. hachem Dupont. Forewings very pale brownish on upperside. Transverse lines paler than ground
colour, the posterior one is finely dentate, between them there is a straight central shade. Subterminal line
is similarly pale, regular, it interrupts the brown veins. The large orbicular stigma and the narrow reniform
stigma are both paler than the ground colour, the former with black circumscription, elliptical at top. Be¬
tween the twro stigmata the ground is black, as in c-nigrum. Hindwings grey-whitish. Wing expanse: 21 mm.
Only 1 $ from Oran, captured in October.

125. Genus: Megalodes

M. prolixa Drt. (22 g) resembles eximia Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 242, pi. 48 i) but the ground colour is a pale
olive-grey, not green. Basal area on the submedian fold and the postmedian area suffused with red. The white
transverse lines are double as wide as in eximia , the central area enclosed by them is narrower and somewhat
darker than the rest of the wing, especially in the innermarginal half. The stigmata are only faintly outlined
by white. Veins in marginal area pale whitish. Hindwings light grey with 2 whitish transverse lines. Palestine
in April and May.

M. gloriosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 242, pi. 48 i), liturata Clir. and kashmirensis Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 243, pi. 48 k)
should be removed and classified as Cucullianae. In this Supplementary Volume they are dealt with on p. 128.

127a. Genus: Prolomeceras Rbl.

The only species was described by Oberthur as “Cimelia” , but according to Rebel’s researches, it
is a quadrifinid Noctuid closely related to Megalodes. It wras omitted from Main Volume. The d antennae are
pectinate. Frons with a bold naked chitinous spine in centre, with 2 shorter spines laterally. Eyes small, palpi
almost as long as diameter of eyes. Thorax scaled with coarse hairs, abdomen sleek, long and smoothly scaled.
Forewings wide with boldly bulging margin. Neuration as in Megalodes, but veins 8 + 9 on forewings with
shorter stalk. Only one species:

P. mimicaria Obth. (23 d). Forewings ochreous to earthy brown, with veins finely marked in white,
rather more boldly before the postmedian. The double transverse lines are intertilled with white, extending
from black double spots on costa. Stigmata finely outlined by white, the orbicular with a longish appendix
at lower end, which extends beyond the claviform stigma. Posterior to the whitish subterminal line there is
a white and black dentate marginal line. Fringes boldly checked, black and white. Hindwings brown with
double darker discal streak, an undulate, curved pale postmedian and widely darkened marginal area, therein
a dentate paler subterminal line and faintly checked fringes. Algeria (Sebdou, Lambessa) in September. The
ova are brown when laid turning to leaden grey. The young larva has a stunted front pair of abdominal legs.
Head is black, body dark grey with wide white dorsal and orange lateral spots, underside is black-brown.
They fed on grass, but only survived two moults.

127b. Genus: Mesaegle Dumont,

Proboscis quite rudimentary, palpi very short and appressed to frons. The frons with a bold process
in the shape of a laterally compressed cylinder, which is deeply hollowed out on top. Antennae also in $ weakly
lamellate and ciliate. Thorax covered with hairs, mesothorax with wide flat scales below the hairs, no tufts
on thorax or abdomen. Fore tibiae with a long chitinous spine anteriorly, outwardly. Forewings with some¬
what concave costa, apex rounded, margin oblique, about as long as the inner margin. Only 1 species:

M. gouzzakottli Dumont, (22 g). Forewings pale brownish olive, the margins white, a wide submedian
longitudinal streak, a large trilobed spot at end of cell, an oblique apical streak and a wide, outwardly concave
submarginal band between veins 1 — 7, all white. The veins and a black marginal line are somewhat darker
brown than the ground. Fringes white. Hindwings of $ densely peppered with brown on white ground, with
a white spot on margin between veins 2 — 5. Fringes white beyond the dark brown marginal line. Algeria (El
Golea) in April. We are able to illustrate a $ cotype *).

*) According to subsequent information, Hours in states that this Genus belongs to the Noctuinae (Quadrifinae) .

AEGLE; CHLORIDE A ; TIMORA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

197

129. Genus: Aegle Hbn.

A. ottoi Schaio. (22 g) is like vesper talis. Forewings yellowish white with 3 impure brown transverse ottoi.
bands, the antemedian is narrow and like a line, almost forming a rectangle in cell, the third bending inwards
just anterior to apex without sharp outline, all three almost parallel. Fringes brown at base, somewhat checked
outwardly. Hindwings rather more whitish with a brownish submarginal band. Wing expanse: 21 mm. Mosul
(Mesopotamia).

A. vespertalis Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 243, pi. 48 k). — limbobrurmea Strd. has an indistinct antemedian on limbolrun-
forewings from costa to vein l,the median shade and the postmedian lines are bolder, a brown shade in marg¬
inal area from below apex to anal angle. Hindwings completely suffused with brown. More widely distrib¬
uted in western Asia, but also occurring occasionally in southern Europe. — petroffi Andres 6a Seitz differs v<lroffi.
from type by having only the central of the three oblique stripes and this is quite straight. Egypt.

A. rebeli Schato. Forewings on upperside somewhat darker ochreous than Icoeclceritziana, smaller, a rebeli.
brown oblique band in outer half extending from before the apex to centre of inner margin. Paler yellow in
disc and subterminally below apex. Hindwings unicoloured black-brown, as also is the abdomen of S, whilst
in § R is ochreous yellow. Wing expanse: 21 mm. Mosul (Mesopotamia).

Subfamily: Melicleptriinae.

2. Genus: Chloridea Westw.

G. dipsacea L. (Yol. 3, p. 245, pi. 50 i) also occurs in Algeria and Morocco in May and June, according
to Oberthur and Rothschild. — tristis Strd. is a dark greenish grey form with increased black on hindwings. tristis.
From Illyria. — - salmantina Fdz. resembles canariensis and adaucta. Forewings with somewhat reddish hue, salmantina.
smaller than adaucta, the hindwings not yellowish, the central spot isolated, not conjoined with marginal band.

Described from Salamanca.

G. ononis Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 245, pi. 50 k). — lugubris Klem. lias black hindwings with white central lugubris.
spot, all other white markings are almost extinct. Brody. — - olivacea Vorbr. is a deep green form with olive olivacea.
coloured bands. Described from Switzerland.

G. peltigera Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 246, pi. 50 k). — - cortdolens Scliaw. are dark specimens from southern condolens.
localities with dark brown to black-brown markings. The marginal band of hindwings is deeper black and
wider, the pale patch suppressed. — clarissima Trti. is a form with very pale sulphur-yellow forewings, on clarissima.
which only the apical patch and reniform stigma are apparent, the subterminal band is only indistinctly in¬
dicated, all other markings quite extinct. Hindwings similarly pale yellowish with grey marginal band and
distinct discal lunule. Cyrenaica (Bengasi).

C. guidellii Gostni. is probably only a form of the variable obsoleta F. (Vol. 3, p. 246, pi. 50 k). It is guidellii.
smaller, wing expanse: 27 mm; yellow-grey bestrewn with black-brown; both stigmata large, quadrate with
dark centres, the reniform stigma touches the posterior transverse line at its lower end. Central shade very
dense, closer to base at inner margin. Subterminal line similar to that of nubigera, but bulging more. Hind¬
wings with wider marginal band, no marginal dots, the fringes divided by a rusty brown basal line. From 1 $
from Modena.

C. maritima Grasl. (Vol. 3, p. 246) was not illustrated in Main Volume. An illustration of a typical maritima.
southern french specimen is now given here (22 h).

8. Genus: TsasBorsi Wlcr.

T. striata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 248, pi. 51 a). The old name is to be cancelled and replaced by — • albida alUda.
Hmps. (= chitinipyga 1). Luc.) which is the valid denomination. The rather poor illustration is replaced by
a better one (22 li). The name striata Stgr. is utilised in the Genus: Argyrospila for the species enumerated
there (see Supplementary Volume p. 194, pi. 22 f). D. Lucas established the Genus: Lecerfia for chitinipyga.

The edge of the 7. tergite is bent upwards in the form of a heavily chitinised thick roll. Larva greenish white,
coarsely granulated, with delicate pale brown dorsal and wide olive-brown subdorsal bands. It feeds in April
and May on the seeds of Aristida pungens. Sahara (El Golea), in March and April.

T. tosta Moore (Vol. 11, p. 315, pi. 28 li). This species, that is known to occur in the indo-australian tosta.
territory, has meanwhile been found to occur in Japan. It has rosy forewings with paler longitudinal stripes.

198 ERYTHROPH AIA ; CLADOCEROTIS ; ANARTOMORPHA ; OXYTRYPIA ; ANARTA. By M. Draudt.

suavis.

canroberti.

rennen-

kampfi.

diaphana.

orbiculosa.

ussurica.

myrtilli.

fagnouli.

rufescens.

medio san¬
guined.

sulphures-

cens.

lugens.

snelleni.

virginalis.

aureola.

koizumida-

keana.

11. Genus: Erytliropliaia Stgr.

E. suavis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 249) was not illustrated in Main Volume. A picture is now given here (22 h).

E. canroberti Obth. is very close to eudoxia Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 249, pi. 51 a) but smaller with more rotund
formation of wings. Ground colour less monotonous, red-orange, more or less peppered with orange. Orbi¬
cular and reniform stigmata are distinct, as also are the two transverse lines and the subterminal line. Hind-
wings pale brown, darker at margin. Algeria (El Outaya) in May.

E. rennenkanipfi (A. B.-H. i. 1.) sp. n. (22 li) resembles both suavis and eudoxia. Smaller with shorter
and wider wing contour. Ground colour is paler, a dull reddish pale brown. The arrangement of lines is si¬
milar, but central area is much wider, the whitish lines are finer and a less impure white, the posterior line
only faintly curved. Reniform stigma and central shade slightly darker brown. The postmedian area is not
paler and fringes are of same shade. Hindwings almost of the same colour as forewings, only slightly paler
at base. Bokhara.

12. Genus: Oadocerotis Hmps.

This Genus (Vol. 3, p. 249) has been already dealt with on p. 54 in accordance with its correct position.

Subfamil y: Heliothidinae.

1. Genus: Anartomorpha Alph.

A. diaphana W. Kozh. is only provisionally placed in this Genus, as it has naked eyes, otherwise it is
said to resemble potanini Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 250). — <$ antennae simple filiform. Body dark brown. Forewings
dark grey-brown with indistinct markings. Both transverse lines are delicately black, very faintly visible,
the anterior line almost straight, the posterior line sharply angulated outwards on vein 5. The central area
between the two somewhat darker. Subterminally there is a dark shade, parallel to margin, in which black
sagittate marks are visible; at the margin grey-white scales are intermixed. Stigmata absent. Fringes dark.
Hindwings white with wide black marginal band, the white area dusted with blackish. Wing expanse: 28 mm.
Minussinsk in August.

5. Genus: Oxytrypia Stgr.

0. orbiculosa Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 252, pi. 50 a). The larva, which has been discovered by Dr. A. Schmidt,
occurs from April to September in the tuber of Iris pumila. It is brownish grey and resembles an Agrotid larva.

• — - ussurica Schaw. is much deeper black than the european nominate form. On forewings only the large white
reniform stigma, the white apical patch, the basal transverse band and the dentate marginal line are distinct.
The other transverse lines are only very faintly indicated and whitish. On hindwings the marginal band is
wider and deeper black, so also are the streaks that extend to the base. Ussuri.

6. Genus: Anarta Tr.

A. rangnovi Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 252). Vide what was said in this Supplementary Volume p. 101 (pi. 14 g)
under P. larrmta Herz.

A. myrtilli L. (Vol. 3, p. 252, pi. 50 b). Hbydemann has made a special study of this species and states :
myrtilli is the northern and english type with grey-brown and not red ground colour. As synonyms he adds:
— ■ fagnouli Guth from the Wildseemoor in Baden and — - anglica Obth. — - rufescens Tutt (Vol. 3, pi. 50 b) is the
usual central german red form, with variegated colours intermixed with olive-yellow and white and with red
thorax, not grey as in type. — ■ mediosanguinea Heydem. has the entire central area including the white central
spot widely and uniformly deep red, only the two transverse lines that outline it are white. Otherwise also
the yellow and white colour is suppressed by red, so that the entire wing is red with the 4 white transverse
lines. From southern Holstein. — - sulphurescens Heiydem. (= ochrea Debauche). Here the red is replaced by
sulphur-yellow, the forewings are black with densely superimposed yellow scales, only the minute central spot
is white. The black of hindwings is increased. Southern Holstein, Belgium. — lugens Obth. has forewings marked
as in type, the yellow of hindwings much reduced by an expansion of the black marginal band. From Berlin,
also elsewhere in N. Germany, not rare. — snelleni Phi. has entirely black hindwings. From Holland ? — vir¬
ginalis Obth. is like the type on forewings, grey and olive brown with white subterminal line and central spot;
hindwings are pure white, instead of yellow, with black marginal band.

A. cordigera Thnbg. (Vol. 3, p. 253, pi. 50 c). — - aureola Stich. belongs to the form suffusa, but has
ochreous yellow, instead of white, reniform stigma.

A. koizumidakeana Mats, closely resembles melanopa vidua Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 253, pi. 50 c). Forewings
with large black-brown spot between veins 4 5, that extends close to the margin, also at base of cell there

PANOLIS; OMIA; SYMPISTIS; HYPSOPH1LA; CHAMYLA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

199

is a similar spot. Forewing on both sides of discal spot is pale grey; fringes black-brown, not checked. Hind-
wings black-brown, a white patch in disc, with a black brown spot inwardly. Antennae are simple and not
lamellate. Wing expanse: 22 — 24 mm. Hokkaido.

7. Genus: Paiiolis Hbn.

P. flammed Scliiff. (Vol. 3, p. 253, pi. 50 d). — purpureofusca Preisseclcer is a remarkably dark specimen, purpureo-
described from Lower Austria. — sutschana /. n. (22 h) has somewhat narrower and more pointed, wing contour , 7 fU8ca

* • ' S III S Cfl Cl 'fid,

with more oblique margin. Ground colour is more heavily admixed with olive-greenish, especially in anal
area, the transverse lines are almost obsolete, especially the posterior line which is only indicated by a few
whitish scales. The subterminal line is quite absent, in place of same there are long white rays in marginal
area, as a prolongation of the white checks of fringes. These are situate on each side of the black streaks on
veins and extend to postmedian. Hindwings paler grey-brown. Sutshanski Rudnik in June. Type in the
collection of O. Bang- Haas. — japonica /. n. (22 h) somewhat resembles the previous form by the white mar- japonica.
ginal rays and the absence of the subterminal line. The ground colour is a bold red, all markings standing out
boldly from the carmine red ground by a heavy appression of chalky white scales. Kobe, Japan, in April.

Collected by Hoene, type in the collection of 0. Bang-Haas.

8. Genus: Omfa Him.

0. banghaasi Strd. (22 i) closely resembles cymbalariae Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 254, pi. 50 d) and differs by banghaasi.
the faintly serrate antennae in <£. Forewings are inclined to pale grey, instead of olive-green, the 3 black longi¬
tudinal streaks are bolder and deeper black. The underside is much paler grey, hindwings entirely or almost
devoid of transverse bands. Abdomen is shorter than in cymbalariae. The type of Stattder originated from
around Naples, Schawerda described 5 further specimens from Albarracin from an altitude of 1100 — '1700 m.

9. Genus: Sympistis Hbn.

S. melaleiica Thnbg. (Vol. 3, p. 254, pi. 50 e). — - penthica Stick. has dark grey forewings with only slightly penthica.
contrasting black marking. The hindwings are almost completely suffused with blackish, only a small patch
near anal angle remaining pale. Lappmark.

S. nigrita Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 255, pi. 50 e). — aterrima Meyer has completely jet-black forewings without aterrima.
the grey marginal area, only a little grey dusting is retained on costa. From the Mittenwald region at an alti¬
tude of 2100 m.

S. funesta Payk. (Vol. 3, p. 255, pi. 50 e). — - kurodakeana Mats, differs from nominate type by the black kuroda-
apical spot, from whence a diffuse black-brown band extends to anal angle. Hokkaido, Japan. keam

S. lamuta Herz (Vol. 3, p. 255) is already dealt with under Polia on p. 101 of this Supplementary Volume.

S. devagor Kozh. is declared to be a synonym of Hel. bieneri Rbl., but as the original description seems devagor.
to be so absolutely different, I am enumerating the moth here, as it was originally described as an Anarta.

Body with black hairs, collar and shoulders intermixed with white scaly hairs. Forewings grey-black, basal
area with white interspersions. Anterior transverse line black, conjoined with the orbicular stigma, having
a white inner edge. Outer transverse line is sharply bent outwards on vein 5, it has an outward white edge.

Central area is black at inner margin. Reniform stigma is a small black spot. Orbicular stigma is longish.

Both stigmata conjoined by a wide strikingly wh ite bar. Subterminal area is paler, there are black cuneiform
marks before the sub terminal line. Fringes black with grey and white checks. Hindwings bright orange-yellow
with narrow black marginal band. Fringes dark. Wing expanse: 27 — 29 mm. In Sajan (Kasyr-Ssuk river)
flying by day around willow trees that are in bloom.

10. Genus: Hypsopliila Stgr.

H. jugorum Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 255, pi. 50 f). — medialis Strd. Forewings with red-brown suffused central medialis.
area. On hindwings the disco- cellular spot forms a narrow crescent, that is widely separated from the inner
edge of the marginal band. The marginal band is only curved on discal fold and not angulatecl. — - postlimbalis postlimba-
Strd. Forewings normal, hindwings resemble the previous form, the marginal band is not angulated in centre
on inner edge, but only gently curved. It is widely separated from discal spot. The type form, which was not
well illustrated in Main Volume, is being illustrated afresh here (22 i).

10a. Genus: Cliamyla Stgr.

This Genus was omitted from Main Volume. According to Hampson it should be classified with the
Agrotids, as should all Melicleptriinae and Heliothidae, because the hind tibiae bear spurs. It belongs in closest
proximity to Isochlora. These are medium large Noctuids with moderately wide wing contour. Head and thorax

arctomys.

affinis.

intricans.

vecors.

isotima.

majellana.

bieneri.

scottii.

multiplex.

200 GTEIPOLIA; HELIOTHIS. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

with coarse hairs. Eyes somewhat oval, naked. Palpi extending somewhat above the head, with long hairs
and very short terminal segment. The antennae with fairly long pectinations, those of the $ shortly serrate.
Legs weak and short, the hind tibiae with a few short spines, 2 bolder spurs at extremities. Abdomen fairly
long, $ with short cliitinous ovipositor. On forewings veins 3, 4 and 5 arise separately, 6 with 7 — 9 stalked
arise behind the upper angle of cell. On hindwings 6 and 7 stalked. Only a few asiatic species.

Generic type: Ch . arctomys Alph.

Ch. arctomys Alph. (=•- idia Stgr.) (22 i). Forewings greenish grey with a slight brownish hue, speckled
with blackish and 2 dentate central transverse lines, the anterior one rather indistinct, interrupted in cell.
Anteriorly to the posterior line there are blackish discal lunules. A dentate subterminal line is more or less
distinctly recognisable, often consisting only of spots. Hindwings grey-black with white fringes and obsolete
darker subterminal band. Thian-shan (Korla).

Ch. affinis sp. n. (22 i) is close to the previous species, but has wider wing contour, forewings with grey-
white ground, speckled with grey-black, central area somewhat paler. Transverse lines marked as in arctomys ,
the anterior one wider and nebulous, not interrupted in cell, the discal spot bolder. The subterminal line black
and expanding at costa, forming a “W” and projecting sharply on veins 3 and 4. Fringes with faint checks.
Hindwings blackish grey with densely dark discal lunule and wide marginal band. One $ from Kashmir, Chalsi,
on the palaearctic boundary, at an altitude of 5000 m. Captured in July. In the collection of O. Baxg-Haas.

Ch. intricans Alph. is a larger species. Forewings paler woody brownish, glossily scaled. The position
of the transverse lines is only indicated by the somewhat darker central area. In place of the two stigmata
there are merely indistinct darker patches. The subterminal is indicated by a row of obsolete cuneiform mark¬
ings. Hindwings grey-black with faintly darker central lunule and pale brownish fringes. Wing expanse:
40 mm. From Juldus at an altitude of 13 000 ', captured in July.

Ch. vecors Pglr. (22 i). The wide forewings are pale brownish grey in <$, inclined to whitish grey in
$. The diffuse transverse lines are grey-brown. The anterior line forms an arc between costa and mediana,
extending from there in 2 sharp dentations to inner margin. The outer one in a flat curve embraces the whitish
renifonn stigma and conjoins with the anterior line at inner margin. Subterminal line absent. Hindwings
grey-black with pale fringes. Antennae of C with short stiff pectinations. Altyn-dagh.

11. Genus: Cteipolia Stgr.

C. isotima Pglr. (22 i) belongs in the same section as sacelli Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 256, pi. 50 f). They closely
resemble one another and are of the same size and colouration. The margin of forewings is more rounded and
less oblique. The stigmata are of the same shade as ground colour but with dark circumscriptions, irregularly
formed and not replaced by black bars. Orbicular stigma round with dark centre, reniform narrow with central
streak. On underside of forewings the central spot is absent, on hindwings it is narrower and without the black
central ray. Forewings of with dark suffusion in basal area. Tien-shan.

It should be remarked here that Hampsox classified the Genera Sympistis , Hypsophila and Cteipolia
to the Cucullianae, when they would be placed between Dasy sternum and Dasythorax (p. 147 of the Supplement).

12. Genus: Heliotliis Tr.

H. cardui Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 256, pi. 50 f). — - majellana Dhl. has dark olive coloured forewings with narrow
ivory-white central band consisting of 3 isolated spots. Marginal area not paler. Hindwings widely black with
narrow white transverse band. Southern Abruzzi.

H. bieneri Bbl. strongly resembles chanzyi Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 256, pi. 50 f) differing by the regularly curved
vinous subbasal band and completely black hindwings. Transbaikalia.

H. scottii Trti. Smaller than the very similar chanzyi, forewings crimson-red-brown with pale ochreous
central band, which is much narrower than in chanzyi and cardui and enclosed on both sides by dark claret
coloured lines. Marginal area pale yellow, bestrewn with rose and bold claret-red marginal line. Fringes pale
yellow intermixed with pink. There is an oval discal dot in central band. Hindwings dusky blackish with white
hairs at base and along inner margin and with a more or less distinct whitish central band that is dusted with
dark. Fringes white. Wing expanse: 15 mm. Tobruk (Cyrenaica).

H. multiplex sp. n. ( Corti i. 1.) (22 i ) is a remarkable little species that differs considerably from the
others. Body black, head and collar interspersed with grey- white hairs, palpi completely white with slight-
black admixture laterally. Meta-thorax with white hairs in the shape of a “U” opening towards the front. The
short anal Gift- ochreous yellow. Forewings black with crimson-violet-bronze sheen, base white. A yellowish
white central band that expands in centre and contracts at inner margin. The black reniform stigma is situate

Publ. 12. 111. 1935. PANEMERIA; OMORPHINA; MESOTROSTA; PENIS A; LEPTOSIA. By M. Draudt. 201

therein and anterior to same a small black spot on costa; marginal area permeated with grey hairy scales.

Fringes ochreous. Hindwings black with white central band which does not extend either to the costa or inner
margin. Fringes yellow. Alai.

16. Genus: I*suiemerla Hbn.

P. tenebrata Scop. (Vol. 3, p. 258, pi. 50 g). — - satiata Did. Forewings a rich dark brown, all markings natiala.
suppressed, no pale patch in central area. S. Tyrol; Torbole. — ftavescens Did. has, instead of an orange, a ftavescens.
pale yellow central band to hindwings. Torboie; Campagna; Majella.

21. Genus: 4lmoi*]»Iiiiia Alph.

0. aurantiaca Alph. ( Vol. 3, p. 259, pi. 50 li). — - tibetica Strd. markings on forewings are more distinct, tibetica.
Fringes at base of hindwings deep red, paler at outer margin. Thibet. — • chrysostigma Pglr. (22 k) differs from chrysostiy-
type form by having a longish glossy golden spot below the central cell, such as occurs in certain Plusias.

Kuku-Nor.

22. Genus: Mesotrosta Led.

M. signalis Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 259, pi. 50 h). — asignalis Schwing. has unicoloured dusky brown forewings asignulis.
with barely visible stigmata. — - unimacula Schwing. has no orbicular stigma. — rubrimaculata Schwing. has unimacula.
a carmine orbicular stigma and pink reniform stigma outlined by carmine. All 3 forms from around Vienna. ' [atu

M. incerta Stgr. (22 k) was omitted from Main Volume. The type has been submitted to me, but I was incerta.
unable to ascertain its generic classification and I am therefore leaving it here. Thorax pinky Avhite. Fore¬
wings with ochreous pink ground dusted with grey. The antemedian consists of 2 arcs and is faintly darker.

There is an indistinct central shade and traces of a grey orbicular stigma. Reniform whitish with faint, delicate
black circumscription; posterior to it in a wide arc, a fine black postmedian that describes a deep concave arc
towards the base between nervuces 1 and 3, projecting in a pointed dentation outwards on vein 1. A subterminal
is discernible through the contrast between the grey wing surface and the narrow pale marginal area, it pro¬
trudes outwards on veins 8 and 4. Hindwings pale brownish grey with fine marginal line and light fringes.

Ussuri.

.S u b f a m i 1 y : Erastnanae.

2. Genus: I*enisa Warr.

P. oniata Wilem. Forewings a rich ochreous, dusted with vinous brown in basal .area, both transverse ornata.
lines vinous brown, undulate and dentate, the outer one bending inwards below the cell. The central area
between the two is paler vinous brown with a comma-shaped discal spot. The undulate subterminal is deep
reddish brown and intersects at outer margin a nebulous patch of the same colour. Hindwings similar, but
the anterior transverse line is missing, the basal area is not ochreous; the discal spot is black and there are
black dots at margin. Fringes ochreous yellow with deep red-brown markings. Wing expanse: 18 mm. Hondo
(Yamato) in June.

4. Genus : JLeptosia Guen.

L. velox Ilbn. (Vol. 3, p. 260, pi. 51b). — rubescens Schwing. (= vinacea Joan.) denotes specimens rubescens.
flushed with pink. Especially the $2 are nicely dusted in disc of forewings with rose and are darker and more
clearly marked. Spain and Morocco. — - subnifescens Dhl. is suffused with a bright orange, transverse lines subrufes-
and central shade orange-red without any traces of dusky line markings. Tivoli, Campagna, mountains of cens-

Albania.

L . velocissima Trti. is midway in size between velox and velocior. The ground colour inclines towards velocissima.
a rich brownish, transverse markings are not black, but a deeper brown than the ground; the marginal area is
duskily grey, there are two darker nebulous patches behind the postmedian, below costa and above inner margin.

The transverse lines commence at darker brown, heavily marked dashes on costa. Orbicular stigma is a distinct
fuscous dot. Hindwings similarly brown and grey mixed, almost whitish at anal angle with 2 — 3 darker dotted
transverse lines. Wing expanse: 16 — 18 mm. Cyrenaica (Derna) in October.

L. tarda Trti. The author gives this name to a species illustrated as velocior Stgr. by Oberthur-Culot tarda.

(Et. Comp. Tab. 407, No. 4136). This may he merely a race of velocissima from Algeria, but it appears te be
new. The specimen is still smaller than velox , similarly fuscous in colouration and with 3 jet black wide trans¬
verse lines; basal area and inner margin rather more heavily dusted with grey, the hindwings also are widely
suffused with grey at inner margin. Underside of hindwings is almost completely white, only the inner margin
is somewhat dusted with reddish. In velocissima, on the other hand, it is brownish pink, dusted with brown.

L. amaoica Osth. apparently also closely resembles velocior, forewings are remarkably wide and pointed amanica.
with sharply protruding apex. They are dusty grey, somewhat inclined to yellowish or buff with 2 faint trans-

Snpplementary Volume 3 26

202

EUBLEMMA; CALYMMA; COCCIDIPHAGA; PORPHYRINIA. By Pr. M. Draudt.

dilutior.

mala.

rubellina.

virilis.

spirogram-

ma.

gcyri.

kuelekana .

cinnamo-

mea.

gracilis.

nitidula.

virginalis.

fumosa.

lactescens.

slraminea.

pseudostri-

na.

verse lines; the anterior line extends from 1st third of costa commencing there in a dark spot, proceeding firstly
in a wide, flat curve which turns outwards, then almost vertically to inner margin. The posterior line com¬
mences above the reniform stigma, also at a deeply black dot, circumvents the stigma in a semicircle and then
proceeds straightly to inner margin ; it is much less undulate than in velox. The subterminal line is pale, obtusely
dentate, edged on its inner side by a wide dark shade. On the margin there are delicate dark striations. On
costa towards the apex are 4 white costal dashes. Hindwings unicolourous, indistinctly paler in basal and
central areas. Fringes pale dull yellow. Wing expanse: 21 mm. Taurus.

L. dardouini B.sd. (Vol. 3, p. 260, pi. 51 b). — dilutior Schwing. is a much paler local form from Dal¬
matia. — mala Strd. has the shade before the subterminal line on forewings coloured red. From the Medi¬
terranean.

6. Genus: JEisbleiiiiiia Him.

E. arcuinna Him. (Vol. 3, p. 261, pi. 51 c). — rubellina Scfiaw. denotes specimens more heavily flushed
with reddish. From around Vienna.

E. suava Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 262, pi. 51 c). ■ — - virilis Strd. denotes a form that is rather more grey on fore¬
wings.

E. spirogramma Rbl. reminds one of C. scitula, but is nevertheless very different. Forewdngs snow-
white with 2 blue-black costal spots in subbasal region. The outer one indicates the commencement of an an¬
terior transverse band, of which only fractional traces are visible; the posterior transverse line forms a semi¬
circle outwards in the centre, it has a narrow snow-white edge and it circumvents a large black and steely blue
scaled spot that expands anteriorly to a large almost triangular costal spot. Its base extends from centre of
costa almost to the apex. The postmedian has a somewhat brownish outer edge. Marginal area is white, grey
dusted patches in antemarginal area. Fringes blue-grey. Hindwings white, brownish at margin, with darker
central line and 3 lines situate in the dusky marginal area. Wing expanse: 17 mm. Mokattam mountains near
Cairo, in November.

E. geyri Rothsch. should possibly be classified here near spirogramma. Antennae brown, except the
shaft, which is white on upperside. Head and collar violet-brown, thorax and abdomen yellowish pink. Fore¬
wings pinky yellowish white with a large round black postmedian spot with dull greenish grey centre. Posterior
to same a boldly undulate grey-blue postdiscal band. Margin and fringes are widely violet-brown. Hindwings
yellowish white with delicate deep brown marginal line. Wing expanse: 14 mm. Algeria (Talii bout) in April.
The sjjecies wras denominated from 3

E. kuelekana Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 262, pi. 51 d). The illustration wras bad. We are giving a better one here
(22 k) from a specimen captured at Akshehir.

7. Genus: Calyiiiina Hbn.

C. communimacula Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 262, pi. 51 d). • — cinnamomea Trti. denotes a much paler, very
light pinky form, the brownish marginal shade much fainter, narrower and fading away entirely towards the
anal angle. The brown innermarginal spot is a pale cinnamon-brownish. Abruzzi. — gracilis Ostli. is similar,
hut much smaller. Wing contour is somewhat narrower, body sleeker. Forewings paler, more yellowish in
basal and central areas, the brown innermarginal spot is narrower. Taurus (Marasli) in May and June.

8. Genus: Cocci <liphaga Spul.

C. scitula Rbr. (Vol. 3, p. 262, pi. 51 d). — nitidula Dhl. (23 a). This is an almost white form in which
the wide leaden grey shade in central area is completely absent. There is only a black central dot in the place
of the reniform stigma. Anterior to same there is an indication of a costal spot with a fewr dots at apex. Hind¬
wings are only slightly dusky at margin. Tivoli, Campagna. The name will probably have to be withdrawn
should — virginalis Ragusa, which was described earlier from Sicily, prove to be identical. This is also a very
small form with pure wfiite wings with scarcely any markings.

10. Genus: I'orpliyi’inia Hbn.

P. parva Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 263, pi. 51 d). — fumosa Wgnr. is a very dusky smoky brown rubefacta form
from S. Dalmatia. — lactescens Trti. in contrast thereto is a pure white form, the markings indicated in cin¬
namon-brown. Berea, Cyrenaica in October.

P. ostrina Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 263, pi. 51 d). — straniinea Rbl. has strawr coloured forewings devoid of mark¬
ings with faintly brownish subdivided apex and black dots thereunder.

P. pseudostrina Rolhsch. denominated from a single $, looks like ostrina-carthami, but can be distin¬
guished immediately by the sooty grey fringes and similar apex. It differs further from carthami by the dark

PORPHYRINIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

20

band that extends to apex but which ends before the apex in carlhami. Besides this the species is much smaller,
head and thorax are golden yellow like the forewings, the oblique band is brown. Wing expanse: 17 mm.

Algeria (Guelt-es-Stel) in August.

P. frachycornis Strd. should perhaps best be classified next to ostrina. Forewings straw coloured with irarhyeor-
a 1.5 mm wide dark brown antemedianband, that is separated by 4 mm from base both at costa anti inner m

margin. Its outer edge is definite, almost straight, the inner edge is somewhat diffuse. Posterior to this band
are 6 light punctiform spots on costa. From the outer of these there arises a narrow pale band that is edged
on both sides by blackish and that extends parallel to margin. Below costa and above inner margin this band
forms a small open bend towards the margin. In the upper corner of this there is a triangular blackish streak,
and beyond same a blackish cuneiform mark pointing towards the apex. On margin there is a narrow black
line. Fringes with blackish checks. Hindwings grey-brown. Wing expanse: 16 mm. Honshu, Japan.

P. cyrenaea Trti. (23 a) is smaller than parva. Forewings pale yellowish pink with barely visible darker cyrenaea.
subbasal ; between the two darker transverse lines, that are edged with white on averted sides, the central area
is faintly dusted with grey. The anterior transverse line extends vertically to inner margin and not obliquely
as in parva. The posterior line is only widely convex behind the reniform stigma. At apex there is a brown
spot. On margin between apex and centre of wing there is a row of delicate black spots. Hindwings mono¬
tonous brownish with paler fringes and a very fine brown marginal line. Wing expanse: 12 mm. Cyrenaica
(Berea) captured in May.

P. noctualis Hbn. (= paula Him.) (Vol. 3, p. 264, pi. 51 e). As Zerny has ascertained, the type in all noctualis.
probability emanates from S. Europe. These specimens are larger and paler than the central european speci¬
mens from Germany and Lower Austria and their markings are more richly contrasting. They have a pure
white central area with more distinctly reddish brown antemedian; — egestosa /. n. is now the denomination egestosa.
given to the smaller, darker and less distinctly marked more northerly race.

P. permixta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 264). This species has meanwhile been obtained by Rothschild in some permixta.
numbers from Algeria and a number of subforms have been named. We are now illustrating the small species arenosa.
(23 a). — arenosa Rothsch. is the sandy buff desert form. — - intermedia Rothsch. a transition form to same. — - intermedia.
nivescens Rothsch. is an extreme white form and finally — mozabitica Rothsch. has violet-reddish dusting. The nivescens.
species occurs from March to May, the last-named form was described from Ghardaia. mozabitica.

P. caprearum Drt. (23 a). Hampson placed this small species with permixta, referring in doing so, to caprearum.
a specimen from Capri. It is much more closely related to viridula. Body and forewings are snow-white, the
anterior transverse line is oblique as in viridula , anterior to it there is a narrow olive band. The central area
is dusted with pale olive. The posterior transverse line has a pointed angulation in the centre that almost ex¬
tends to margin, bending on vein 6 as far as the 2 black subapical spots and proceeding on the submedian fold
in an angle towards the anal angle. It is white and is only visible as it contrasts from the pale olive tone of
marginal zone. The wide fringes are intersected by 2 pale olive-grey shadow lines, anterior to same only below
the apex 2 — 3 minute dark marginal dots. Hindwings whitish, slightly dusky towards margin. Capri, in June.

P. rosea Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 265, pi. 51 f). The name — imperialis Schaw. denotes a specimen from Dal- imperialis.
matia that is completely flushed with rosy red. — schernhammeri Riihl is now illustrated (22 k). — - decolorata schemham-
Wgnr. is larger and sleeker than rosea, pale brownish rose, the basal area olive-brown towards the centre, the yl^jor-lfa
white line with more acute dentations towards the base. The violet-red transverse streak that extends from
apex to inner margin, is absent. Underside completely devoid of rose. Perhaps this is a genuine species. Wing
expanse: 28 mm. Hi territory from around Djarkent.

P. nelvai Rothsch. should probably placed next to polygramma (Vol. 3, p. 266, pi. 51 g). Head and nelvai.
collar are pale cinnamon-red, thorax paler, abdomen dark reddish grey. Forewings pale violet-rose inclining
to fuscous on costa towards apex. The cinnamon-red central line is edged with yellow-white and is sharply
angulated outwards at disco-cellular nervure. In the angle is the sooty black reniform stigma. The posterior
transverse line is less distinct, it is a similar shade of brown and is angulated. Behind it there is an interrupted
subterminal line consisting of sooty black dots. Marginal line yellow- white, edged with fuscous inwardly.

Fringes fuscous. Hindwings blue-grey with yellow-white marginal line having brown inner edge. Wing ex¬
panse: 20 mm. Batna.

P. polygramma Pup. (Vol. 3, p. 266, pi. 51 g). The illustration is scarcely recognisable, we are there- polygram-
fore illustrating this pretty species again (23 a). We are also giving a picture of the form — pudorina Stgr. (23 a). . mt

The species is in fact very variable, besides the blue and violet-grey forms, specimens occur that are pinkish
and even almost whitish. The are frequently inclined to pinky brown.

P. maraschemsis Osth. seems most closely related to hansa (Vol. 3, p. 264, pi. 52 a). It is equally large, maraschen-
similarly built, deeper straw coloured yellow, the markings more diffuse and less distinct. Forewings uni- sls-

coloured yellow to central shade, the latter is a narrow straight brownish band; beyond same there is a similar
outer transverse line, that has a narrow yellow outer edge extending to the pale brownish marginal area. A

PORPHYRINIA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

204:

pale wide subterminal line is situate therein, which is angulated inwards below apex. Above and below the
disco-cellular nervure there is a delicate reddish black dot and subapicallv on costa, 3 brownish striations. Hind-
wings straw coloured yellow, brownish in marginal area, fringes white with filiform blackish marginal line,
which also occurs on forewings. Body yellowish white, head almost white. From Marash (Taurus), mid July.

P. albicans Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 267). Further research appears to be necessary in regard to this and the
following species. According to Oberthur and Rothschild, albicans Guen. (. Bsd .) is not identical with albi-
rjueneei. cans Rmbr. If this is so, Spuler was right, when he gave the name — • gueneei 8 pul. to the species of Rambttr,
said to be the same as grata Guen. (nec. Treitschke), as the name grata had been utilised for a form of respersa.
The specimens that Warren, following Hampson, denominated albicans Guen. should be named gueneei, as
they are identical with Rambttr's species and not with that of Gttenee. The illustration denoted “grata” (52 a)
should be denominated gueneei, even though it is barely recognisable.

albicans. P. al bicans Guen. From what is said in preceding paragraph, this may be a genuine species and should

be classified separately. Possibly it is only a form of the previous species. It is entirely devoid of markings,
glossy pure white, without a vestige of transverse lines or stigmata, only a minute brown spot at end of cell.
Marginal line is also absent. Spain, 2 CS also from Algeria (El Outaya), in May.

faroulli. P. faroulti Roihsch. (Vol. 3, p. 267), is erroneously illustrated in Main Volume (pi. 51 g) as candicans,

which is a separate species.

candicans. P. candicans Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 267) is now illustrated (23 a) from a specimen from the Pungeler col-

ramburi. lection. It is not white, but ochreous brownish and much more richly marked than faroulti. — ramburi Obth.
exiraria. is a form with wider and more shaded posterior transverse line. Algeria. — - extraria Rbr. is not a simple synonym,
but a deeper brown form that may occur as well in the y sex. Also from Algeria.

albida. P. albida Dup. ( Vol. 3, p. 268, pi. 51 g, h). A number of new denominations have been made for forms

lutcoalba. of this very variable species. — luteoalba Strd. is yellowish white, the subterminal line has a reddish inner edge,
the tips of fringes are red, except at apex and anal angle. Hindwings with obsolete brown subterminal band.
albidior. Algeria. — - albidior Culot is a pure white form, almost devoid of markings. — brunnescens Culot is completely
brunnescens. suffused with ochreous brownish. — ochreola Trti. denotes a transition to qratissima. Base of forewings and

OC/lTCOlct . ^

per alba, transverse lines are very delicately ochreous. Cyrenaica. — - peralba Schaw. is a small, brilliantly white glossy
form, transverse lines delicate, barely visible, yellowish, a minute black dot in centre of forewings. Fringes
and hindwings pure white. Mosul.

symphona. P. symphona L. B. Prout belongs to the albida group. Body and forewings pure white, delicately shaded

with reddish yellow, especially behind the postmedian. Beyond this there is only one spot on costa, and 1 — -2
minute costal spots with a very fine subterminal which remain white. The subbasal and antemedian trans¬
verse lines are pale ochreous, diffusing completely towards inner margin; the central line as in albida, but faint
and somewhat dusted with yellowish red inwardly. Between it and the posterior transverse line there is a white
band. Orbicular stigma obsolete, on disco-cellular nervure 2 delicate black dots; before the margin between
the veins a row of minute black dots. Posterior to these is a barely visible marginal line. Base of fringes is
pure white, faintly shaded at apex; between the veins triangular darker markings, behind these a fine white
line and the tips are again dark. Hindwings glossy pale yellowish red, more whitish at base and with diffuse
central line. Fringes white with faint traces of yellowish red mottlings. Wing expanse: 28 mm. Morocco (Tizi
N' Test and Djebel Imress) at an altitude of 2000 — 2400 m, in May.

virginal is. P. virginalis Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 269, pi. 51 h). To be added as a synonym to this species: — • subterminalis

bivitta. Rothsch. — bivitta Obth. denotes brownish suffused $$ specimens with 2 striated dots at end of cell instead
of one, as in the form caul. Turati places these two latter forms as synonyms to suppura Stgr.

emir. P. emir Obth. appears to be a genuine species. Forewings bright yellow with the posterior grey trans¬

verse line displaced almost to the centre of wing. It extends in a curve from costa to inner margin. There are
frequently small black cell spots with a brownish longitudinal shade from cell spot to margin. A very rare spe¬
cies. Algeria (Geryville, Aflou, Lambessa, Guelt-es-Stel) occurring from June to September.

nucha. P griseola Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 269, pi. 51 n). — nucha Strd. denotes specimens without the brownish

dusting, instead of same there is a subterminal row of black dots.

striata. P. pura Him. (Vol. 3, p. 269, pi. 51 i). — striata Culot has forewings coloured a more ochreous yellow

with a brown longitudinal streak from the black cell spot to the margin. Algiers.

cremoma. P. cremorna Hmps. is closely related to conistrota Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 268, pi. 51 i). Head and thorax

are white, abdomen inclined to yellowish, dusted with pale yellow-grey. Forewings with white costal area,
the remainder including the fringes yellow-grey, peppered with black, which is denser between the veins. Hind¬
wings yellow-grey. Wing expanse: 20 — 27 mm. Algeria and Tunis. From March to May.

AUTOBA; SOPHTHA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

205

P. confusa Bothsch. is also similar to conistrota. Apex of forewings is more acute and more protracted confusa.
than in cremorna, from which confusa also differs by the dark, divided apex and the rather more pronounced
median fold. The forewings are rather more irregularly peppered with black and the subapical area is flushed
with rusty yellow. Apex of forewings is divided by a dark oblique line. The median fold is especially dee])
and abnormally developed with a second shorter fold below, both heavily scaled with black. Hindwings darker
grey with pale fringes. Wing expanse: 18 — 24 mm. Algiers. From April to June.

P. lacteola Bothscli. is a completely milky white species, which differs from the other allied forms by the lacteolu.
longer and narrower wing contour and extremely long fringes. Forewings entirely devoid of markings.

Wing expanse: 31 mm. Algeria, captured in May.

P. eburnea Trti. is related to virginalis. It is smaller and pure white, without any yellowish tone, com- rburnca.
pletely without black dots and other markings, only the tips of scapulae are somewhat yellowish, as also are
the antennae, abdomen and legs. Size is not indicated . From 1 specimen from Giarabub (Cyrenaica). Differing
from albivestalis Hmps. by the somewhat narrower, longer wing contour, the absence of the discal spots and
the costal shading on underside. This description leads one to think that it is identical with lacteola.

P. arida Bothsch. is unknown to me, but should probably classified somewhere here. Head and collar arida.
white, thorax pale grey, abdomen grey with pinkish yellow hue. Forewings pinkish yellow-brown. Hindwings
creamy yellow, faintly flushed with rose. The outer margin of forewings very straight, not so rounded as in
most of the other species. The $ is whiter, somewhat shaded towards the margin. Length of forewings: <$

11 mm, $ 10 mm. Algeria, southwards of El Golea.

P. ernesti Bothsch. is also unknown to me. Antennae white on top, brown below. Head, thorax and emesti.
abdomen white. Forewings white with grey spot at end of cell and a submarginal row of minute black dots.
Hindwings yellowish white. Wing expanse: 25.5 — 28.5 mm. Algeria (Oued N§a), April.

P. pemivea Bothsch. is also a pure snow-white species completely devoid of markings, but much smaller p ernivea.
and with wider wings than the previous species. Wing expanse: 22 mm. Algeria (Ain Sefra, Sebdou, Les Pins)
occurring from May to September. Nothing definite can yet be said as to whether all these small white, very
similar moths, which are no doubt subject to considerable variation in size, can claim a right to specific rank.

P. crocea Bothsch. Head dark yellow, thorax and abdomen somewhat paler and more reddish. Fore- crocea.
wings saffron-yellow, devoid of markings, hindwings yellowish white. Wing expanse: 20 mm. This species
was held to be a brilliantly coloured aberration of deserta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 269, pi. 51 i). It was captured in April
at Ain Tahart (Algeria).

P. leucanides Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 269, pi. 51 i). The illustration is not recognisable. A better one is given leucanides.
here (23 a).

P. suppuncta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 269, pi. 51 h). Here also the illustration was poor and a better one is now suppuncta.
given (23 a).

10a. Genus: Auioba Wkr.

Owing to a mistake, the number 10 was duplicated in the Main Volume for this Genus.

A. sabulosa Bothsch. is related to gayneri Bothsch. (Vol. 3, p. 270). Head, thorax and abdomen are sandy sabulosa.
yellow, similarly the forewings, which are shaded slightly darker. Before the centre there is an indistinct rusty
brown line and beyond a wide distinct fuscous band. The latter extends upwards only to the subcostalis. There
is a subterminal bluish grey-brown band and on the margin a row of black dots. Hindwings glossily silky yellowish
white. Length of forewings: 14 mm. From 1 $ from south Oued Mya.

A. gayneri Bothsch. ( Vol. 3, p. 270). We are now able to give an illustration of this small species (23 a), gayneri.

It is very variable. I have specimens bred by Andres, which are of almost whitish ground colour, varying
to dark cinnamon brown. The transverse lines are similarly variable, occasionally they have white outer edges,
occasionally not, the discal spot is also variable and is sometimes isolated in a nebulous patch. There may
also be a second black dot in centre of cell, so that the description would quite well apply to that of beraudi
Joan. (Vol. 3, p. 270, pi. 51 m). As all these specimens were bred from larvae collected from one and the same
tamarisk tree in the neighbourhood of Cairo, where they fed on Coccidae, 1 cannot bring myself to believe that
there is any specific difference. In my opinion beraudi is merely the reddish form of the more whitish gayneri.

16. Genus: Soplitha Wkr.

S. infrarubra Strd. is related to the indian excisa Hmps. and ruficeps Wkr. (Vol. 1 1, p. 257, pi. 23 i, k). infrarubra.
infrarubra differs from ruficeprs by the paler grey ground colour which is only faintly suffused with violet-lilac.

206 CORGATHA; STENOLOBA; PHYLLOPHYLA; OZARBA; LITHACODIA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

ruficcps.

yosh inoen-
sis.

pygmaea.

umbrifera.

deserti.

sardoa.

cretacea.

matutina.

nocturna.

eothina.

mesopota-

mica.

sordida .
ochrca.

eburnea.

It. is only sparsely peppered with black, but the marginal area is more heavily shaded ; the anterior transverse
line is extinct, it consists of an inner paler and outer darker half, undulate and more heavily convex towards
the margin. A black dot in centre of cell, only 2 distinct black discal spots. The posterior transverse line is
much paler and more sharply marked, its inner darker edge is less distinct. The veins stand out slightly paler.
Forewings are red on underside, hindwings straw coloured with red speckles in marginal area. Size is not in¬
dicated. From Kagoshima, Japan.

17. Genus: €orgatha Wkr.

C. ruficeps Wkr. (= sparsa Wkr., castaneiceps Hmps.). This species, which is known from Ceylon and
Borneo (Vol. 11, p. 257, pi. 23 k) (as Sophtha) according to Wile man, also occurs in Japan (Hondo).

C. yoshinoensis Wilem. Ochreous brown with reddish tone and sparsely speckled with blackish. Fore¬
wings paler along costa, with 3 black dots in disc in place of stigmata. The ochreous brown transverse lines
have grey edges on the sides facing one another. The posterior line is incurved over the centre. The ochreous
yellowish subterminal line extends obliquely from costa to the outer extremity of vein 4, thence undulate to
anal angle. Hindwings with grey edged ochreous yellow discal lunule. The postmedian similarly with a grey inner
edge which is bluntly angulated in centre. Subterminal line as on forewings. Wing expanse: 22 mm. Hondo
(Japan).

C. pygmaea Wilem. Pale brown with vinous dusting, sparsely speckled with black. On forewings there
is a discal dot and an oblique posterior transverse line. Hindwings with blackish central line and discal spot,
the former is a continuation of the band of forewings. On margin there are black dots. Wing expanse: 13 mm.
Hondo (Japan).

18. Genus: Steuoloba Stgr.

St. umbrifera Hmps. Head white with sparse black scales, thorax predominantly black-brown, ab¬
domen inclined to whitish. Forewings white, peppered with black, basal area suffused with black. There are
2 indistinct blackish transverse lines before the centre, beyond same a diffuse black oblique central band that
expands towards the costa. Near to the end of cell a black streak and black dots at angles of cell. The pos¬
terior transverse line is indistinctly blackish, excurved around the end of cell. It extends to the lower angle
of cell and then in undulations to inner margin. The area behind same is dusted with black down to vein 2.
The subterminal is only indicated by the outer edge of this blackish area. On margin there are black striations.
Fringes whitish with blackish central line. The whitish hindwings are dusted with black-brown. Wing ex¬
panse: 24 mm. Chungking (Central China).

20. Genus: I*liyll©pl«yla Guen.

Ph. numerica Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 274, pi. 51 k). - deserti Obth. is a small pale form in contrast to disjecta
Warr. from Algeria (Sebdou, El-Outaya), in May. According to Rothschild deserti is only an aberrative form,
the usual algerian form being disjecta. — sardoa Rothsch. denotes the larger and more boldly marked Sardinian
form.

Ph. obliterata Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 274, pi. 51 k). We are now able to give a good illustration of the form
cretacea Btlr. (23 a). — matutina Dhl. is an extremely pale, — - nocturna DM. an especially dark form from
the S. Tyrol (Terlan). — eothina Dhl. designates specimens that are warmly suffused with violet-red. Transition
forms occur inclining to grey-blue with richly variegated markings. Torbole (Sarca valley).

21. Genus: Ozarba Wkr.

0. moldavicola H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 275, pi. 51 1). — mesopotamica Schaw. is a much paler form, forewings
pale brown with black and white markings. No black marginal band and no black shade before subterminal
line, with pale reniform stigma and white and black checked fringes. Hindwings inclined to blackish grey.
From Mosid, captured in June.

27. Genus: Utliacodia Hbn.

L. fasciana L. (Vol. 3, p. 277, pi. 52 b). — - sordida Hannem. is a paler yellowish grey suffused form,
that has been described from the neighbourhood of Berlin. Probably the name corresponds to the form gueneei,
which also embraces paler brownish specimens. - — - ochrea Derenne has brown forewings with yellow subterminai
area and is probably only an extreme gueneei. From Belgium.

L. deceptoria Scop. (Vol. 3, p. 278, pi. 52 d). — eburnea Hannem. is a form with yellowish white, instead
of pure white markings. From around Berlin.

COELITES; EUSTROTIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

207

L. larentioides Strd. resembles the indian larentiformis Hmps. from Sikkim. Forewings black-brown, larentioidr s.
intermixed with fuscous and grey. In marginal area violet-grey, edged inwardly with a whitish grey almost
straight transverse line. At vein 6 it forms a rectangular bend. Below vein 4 with a black dot placed near the
margin. The anterior transverse line is black with ochreous and white inner edge, creating the impression of
a pale oblique transverse band. The large grey reniform stigma diffuses along the costa almost to the base.

Orbicular stigma grey, postmeclian line double intertilled with ochre. Hindwings grey-brown. Length of fore¬
wings: 13 mm. Japan (Karapin).

L. martjanovi Tschetv. (not Tschstr.\) (Vol. 3, p. 279). We are now in a position to give a good illus- martja-
tration of this strange species (23 a). novi.

L. blandula Stgr. (23 a) was omitted from Main Volume. Staudinger created the Genus Brpophilina blandulu.
for it, but from the type before me, I can find no radical difference from Lithacodia and I am therefore classi¬
fying the species lieie. It does not differ so very much from related species, especially from mollicula ( = mollis
Graes.). Forewings brown intermixed with bluish grey at centre of inner margin and towards the outer margin.

At end of cell and in postmedian region the predominant colour is white. Transverse lines indistinct, the pos¬
terior one dentate. Orbicular and reniform stigmata with black circumscriptions, from the former a short double
black streak, intertilled with white, extends to a bold double central line, that is situate vertically to inner
margin. There are a number of small white dashes subapically on costa, the apex itself is divided by a faint
whitish streak. There are blackish striated dots before and behind the subterminal line, which is only barely
indicated. Hindwings reddish brown. Head and thorax white, the latter suffused with bluish grey, collar
fuscous, abdomen brownish.

28a. Genus: Cloelites Trti.

A remarkable Genus, that does not seem to fit in anywhere correctly. Turati bases himself on the
opinion of the Abbe Joannis, who stated it was an Erastrianid, although according to the sketch, the neu-
ration is completely unusual and shows no relationship whatever to any other Genus. Frons with triple pointed
black-brown chitinous projection. Palpi short, projecting slightly, densely covered with short hairs. Antennae
bipectinate. Abdomen short, not extending beyond anal angle. Forewings with slightly rounded apex, cell
open, with furcated discal fold. Vein 1 with a bladder-like, obliquely grooved protuberance at base; 3, 4 and 5
arise closely together from the lower angle of cell, 6 arises from below the upper angle, 7 and 8 on a long stalk
somewhat anteriorly, 9 and 10 similarly stalked, a good bit anteriorly; 11 anastomoses with the costalis, but
emits a small short branch that does not extend as far as the costa. Hindwings narrow and long with some¬
what indented costa; 3, 4 and 6, 7 on long stalks, 5 arising from centre of disco-cellular, 8 near centre of cell.

Nothing is said in the original description in regard to the structure of the legs. Only 1 species:

C. patanei Trti. (23 b). Forewings mother-of-pearl grey, sparsely and finely dusted with black, be- patanci.
coming increasingly dusky brownish in outer third. Anterior transverse line indicated by a dark brown streak
on costa, postmedian by 2 similar short striated dots one below another. A heavy dark brown central line
extends from ccsta to inner margin having an obtuse angled bend at close of cell. Brown internerval dots at
outer margin. Fringes with white basal line, extremities brown. Hindwings pale yellowish brown, paler towards
base, with dark central shade and whitish fringes. Wing expanse : 30 mm. From 2 from Benghasi (Cyrenaica).

29. Genus: Eustrotisi Hbn ,

E. uncula Cl. (Vol. 3, p. 280, pi. 52 e). - — lineola Did. denotes specimens in which the outer of the 2 Uneola.
white lines, forming the white outer marginal stripe, is suffused with brown dusting, so that only the inner
fine silvery white line is left. S. Tyrol, also occurring in the upper bavarian moors.

E. olivana Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 280, pi. 52 e). — nigrosparsata Ostli. are specimens in which the silvery nigrospar-
wliite bands are heavily suffused with black. — iiowickii Schille is only blackish yellow-brown in basal and sala-

central areas, marginal area glossy silvery white like on the transverse bands, only dusted with blackish brown 111111 " 1,11 ■
between the veins. Described from Poland (Strzalkow). — - funeraria ( Pglr . i. 1.) f.n. (23 b) are still darker funeraria.
specimens in which the silvery white stripes appear leaden black from the olive-brown ground colour, or even
are completely obliterated: - — - uniforniis /. n. (23 b) in which all markings become invisible, except for a very uniformis.
fine white subapical oblique streak and indications of a whitish submarginal line. Both forms have been
obtained at Aksu. — albescens /. n. (23 b) also differs vastly from type, basal and marginal thirds are almost albescens.
pure white, so that the silvery white transverse lines almost disappear therein and only an oblique pale brown¬
ish central band remains. From Altyn tagh.

E. candidula Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 281, pi. 52f). — incommoda Krul. appears to beasmaller 2nd generation incommcda.
White ground colour without reddish tone and powdered with grey, the black markings darker and mere ex¬
tensive, also hindwings are darker. Described from Wiatka and Kasan.

208

OUTAYA; EULOCASTRA; GERARCTIA; SINOCHARIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

grisescens.

capnoessa.

lalifaseiata.

poliotis.

korbae.

fulgularis.

29a. Genus: Oiitaya Chret.

The antennae are ciliate, those of $ filiform with a few cilia towards tip and with a brush of hairs
at base. Palpi porrect with short terminal joint. Forewings wide with straight costa, slightly rounded at apex.
Outer margin oblique, rounded at inner angle. On forewings veins 7, 8 and 9 stalked, without areola. On hind-
wings veins 6 and 7 stalked, 3 and 4 arise from lower angle. Only 1 species:

0. grisescens Chret. Forewings with wide bluish or brownish ashen grey scales, intermixed with white.
There are 2 indistinct yellowish white transverse lines with black-brown and reddish ochre edges. The posterior
transverse line with a bend on the fold and having there a whitish streak posteriorly. A yellowish white elliptical
spot with black-brown circumscription in disc. Subterminal area is dusky with a pale subterminal line, which
is however almost obsolete. Fringes with dark grey base, white outwardly and with grey and brown checks.
Findwings yellowish brown, with faint violet sheen, darker brown in marginal area. Fringes white with brown
basal line. From Gafsa, in May.

30. Genus: Eulocastra Btlr.

E. capnoessa Zerny is most closely related to bipartita H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 282, pi. 52 g) and only differs
from same by the absence of the silvery line in marginal area. Length of forewing: 10 mm. Transcaspia.

E. latifasciata Wilem. Forewings sooty brownish with wide pale yellow band anterior to centre and
which contracts towards the costa. Before and beyond same there are blackish dots in cell and a yellowish
costal spot in apical third having indications of an irregular yellowish band betAveen it and the inner margin.
Hindwings black-brown with darker discal dot. Wing expanse: 19 mm. Japan (Hondo).

35a. Genus: Gerarctia limps.

This remarkable Genus that was originally described as an Arctiid should be classified here in prefer¬
ence near Nothost.errha (Vol. 3, p. 283). Proboscis well developed, the short palpi erect. Frons with rounded
protuberance. Antennae of $ with short bipectinations, of $ witli fascicles of cilia. Abdomen long and sleek.
Forewings long and narrow, with elongated cell, from the loAver angle of which vein 4 arises; 3 and 5 in equi¬
distant intervals close thereto; 6 from beloAV the upper angle; 7 from the angle; 8 and 9 are stalked; 10 and 11
from the cell. On hindwings veins 3 and 4 with long stalk; 8 from centre of cell. Only one small species, that
looks like a Py valid :

G. poliotis Hmps. (23 b). Body grey interspersed with brownish black, the ashen grey forewings simi¬
larly intermixed, the veins Avith faintly darker striations. Anterior transverse line very oblique, beyond same
the central area is somewhat duskier brownish black with slightly darker streak on submedian fold and small
discal lunule. Posterior transverse line whitish with darker striations on veins anteriorly belorv costa and in
centre. The apex is subdivided by a faint oblique streak, black dots on the margin. Hindwings grey with dark
marginal line and paler fringes. Wing expanse: $ 21.5, $ 30 mm. Canary Isles (Teneriffe).

36a. Genus: Sinocharis Pglr.

Proboscis well developed. Palpi short, upcurved, the central segment densely scaled. Frons smooth,
antennae filiform, not ciliate. Thorax covered with wide flat scales, the flat abdomen without crests and with
short hairs. Forewings rvith somewhat rounded apex. Neuration very similar to Eulocastra, from which it
only differs by the much heavier build, shorter palpi and flat abdomen. Matsumura created the Genus:
Noshimea for a very similar species and the name should be considered a synonym.

Type: 8. Icorbae Pglr.

S. korbae Pglr. (23 b). Head dark brown, thorax paler brownish yellow, abdomen grey-AAdiite turning
to black-brown at tip on upperside. Legs brown, ringed with white, underside of thorax white. Forewings
snow-white with black-brown basal area that is somewhat incurved distally and which is permeated with bluish
silvery white scales. Marginal area black-brown Avith bluish silvery marginal line having a feAV similar striations
anteriorly. The white central area is suffused with brownish and projects somewhat towards the centre of
margin. Hindwings white with narrow brown apex. Wing expanse: 33 mm. Bred from a larva that Avas co-
loured and variegated with spots like a Cucullia larva. It was found feeding on a Dahlia and pupated betAveen
moss and earth in a slight coccoon. Ussuri (Kasakewitsh).

S. fulgularis Mats, is very close to Icorbae and differs by the much greater size (42 mm). Thorax grey-
white with pinky reddish hue, segments 2 — 5 of abdomen are black-brown. Wing contour is more elongate
and apex protracted. Forewings grey-white with a faint rosy sheen in certain light; basal and marginal

Publ. 2. VIII. 1935.

LENA; HYPTIOXESTA; ERA STRIA; EARACHE. By Hr. M. Draudt.

209

area very similar to korbae, dusky brown with delicate bluish white dentate line therein, but the inner marginal
part of basal area and the anal area of outer margin are grey, instead of black-brown. Japan (Honsho), only
one $ captured on a willow twig.

36b. Genus: Tjena Herz.

A Genus that was omitted from the Main Volume. They are small Noctuids, similar to Erastria, with
short, densely haired palpi and scarcely apparent terminal segment; proboscis short. Antennae with pyramid
shaped serrations and short fascicles of cilia. Thorax wide with woolly hairs, abdomen short and stout. Wings
very similar to those of Erastria and the neuration — which was not described in the original diagnosis — seems
to tally. Only 1 species:

L. poppiusi Herz (23 h). Forewings grey-black, both stigmata with grey-white centres. Black cuneiform poppiu si.
marks internervally at outer margin, both transverse bands black, dentate, with white edges on averted sides.

Fringes with black and white checks. Hindwings impure grey-white, a darker band at outer margin, with discal
spot and blackish dentate band posterior to centre. Wing expanse : 22 mm. From Shigansk in the Lena territory.

36 c. Genus: Myptioxesia Rbl.

This was also omitted from the Main Volume and is very close to Erastria, from which it differs by
the absence of the dorsal tufts on the abdomen, further by the posterior tibiae, which are somewhat expanded
as if inf lated and have rather bolder spurs than in Erastria. It has no connection with the North American
Genus Leptina G W.‘ to which Herz classified the only species; it is certainly a trifine Noctua.

H. peiithima Erscli. (23 c) closely resembles L. poppiusi. It is a small Noctuid of Erastria- like a])- penthivia.
pearance. Head and palpi grey, thorax and forewings sooty black. The subbasal line is somewhat paler,
whitish and with two dentations. Both wide white transverse lines are sharply dentate, the posterior one
extending boldly outward on veins 2 — 4. A subterminal line is only indicated on costa, where just prior to
apex there is a whitish oblique streak. There are white dots on the veins at margin anterior to the white and
black checked fringes. Hindwings glossy brownish grey with indistinct whitish undulate postmedian band.

The whitish fringes are checked with black-grey at the terminals of the veins. East Siberia. We are illustrating
a specimen from the Amur.

37. Genus: Erastria Tr.

E . trabealis Scop. (Vol. 3, p. 283, pi. 52 g). A few aberrative forms have been described. — cortfluens confluens.
Strd. has confluent yellow spots. — crassistnga Strd. The yellow streak between the two black longitudinal cr_ass%strl(ja-
streaks is filled with black. — rsigricostata Strd. has a wide black costa. — sheljuzhkoi Stdr. The dark mark- sheljuzhkoi.
ings are not black, but grey-brown, all very delicate and narrow, the yellow a glossy straw-yellow. Hindwings
as pale as in flavonitens Aust. From western Asia. — unculata Dhl. has the black markings so merged, that unculata.
with the exception of the wide outer transverse line only a short submarginal line is discernible, all the black
markings being confluent form a wide black patch along the costa, with a second one along the median nervure,
between the two are only fine yellow lines. Perhaps it is identical with crassistriga , which can then claim the
right of priority. S. Tyrol.

E. deleta St.gr. (Vol. 3, p. 284, pi. 52 g) with its forms, is probably only a form of trabealis, but this c leleta.
must still be definitely ascertained by an examination of the genitalia. Many specimens, which are named

parallela Rothsch. are extraordinarily like the european type af trabealis. These occur particularly in W. parallela.
Algeria and Morocco. — olivilia Rothsch. denotes specimens in which the black is replaced by olive. Algeria olivina.
and Morocco, from March till August.

E. viridisquama Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 284, pi. 52 h). — obscura Warr. With which obscurior Strd. is syno- obscura.
nymous, is illustrated afresh here (23 c) as the illustration of the type was unrecognisable.

38. Genus: Taraclte Him.

T. olivacea Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 285, pi. 52 h). — umbrosa 0. B.-H. has the two large olive-brown p&tchesjumbrosa.
of forewings confluent, so that the entire forewings are olive-brown with the exception of the silvery white
costal streak, with a distinct black central spot. S. Ussuri, Vladivostok in July.

T . lucida Hujn. (Vol. 3, p. 285, pi. 52 i). — heliodora Schaw. is an extreme white and small form, the heliodora.
yellowish central band is completely devoid of the accompanying black dots, only 2 — 3 brown specks are
retained. Anterior to the margin are only vestiges of a dark brown band. The white fringes are slightly brown¬
ish only towards the apex. Hindwings pure white with traces of a fine brown marginal line. Wing expanse:

18 mm. From Mosul in June. — mediofasciata Strd. from Pola has a completely unattached central band, mediofas-

Supplementary Volume 3 27

210 EETEL1A; ANUGA; SARROTERIPUS; LAMPROTHRIPA; BLENINA; RISOBA. By Dr.M.DEAUDT.

yemenensis.

bislcrensis.

sinuosa.

grabczews-

kii.

pygaiula.

subanalis.

columbaria.

laciaria.

quinariodes.

obstrucia.

rufialbiver-

iex.

alula.

T. yemenensis limps. Head and thorax yellowish white, abdomen pale reddish brown. Forewings
white, partially diffused with brown, especially in and posterior to cell. Olive-grey spots on costa, anterior
and posterior to centre, an anterior grey transverse line is indicated. Posterior to centre, there is an olive-grey
band from vein 6 to the inner margin with an indistinct double black posterior transverse line therein. This is
interfilled with white towards the inner margin and has a white outer edge. The apical area is dark brown
turning to pale coppery red towards the tip. The subterminal is a bright coppery red. Hindwings white,
margin dusky coppery brown. Wing expanse: 36 nun. Yemen, Arabia, probably also occurring in the palae-
arctic region.

T. biskrensis Obtli. (Vol. 3, p. 286, pi. 52 k). The illustration wras poor, wre are giving a better one
here (23 e).

Subfamily: Eutelianae.

1. Genus: Kutelia Him.

E. sinuosa Moore (= viridinota Swinh.). This species, which occurs from Sikkim to Borneo, is also
found in Japan. Forewings deep brown with blue-grey hue. The black transverse lines dentate, the posterior
line is double. Before the latter a green, sharply circumscribed and constricted, re triform stigma. Subterminal
line is black outlined in white on both sides but only partially present. Fringes whitish betvreen veins 5 and 7.
Hindwdngs dark brown with whitish base and with black and white markings at inner marjnn. Wing expanse :
30 to 34 mm. ell

E. grabczewskii Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 288, pi. 53 a). The illustration is an unrecognisable copy from Hamp-
son. We are giving a better illustration here (23 c).

2. Genus: Amiga Guen.

A. multiplicans Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 288, pi. 53 a). — pygatula Strd. has only a faint and diffuse paler
patch at anal angle of hindwings. — subanalis' Strd. has a whitish distinct anal spot at anal angle in place of
the usual ochreous spot. From China.

Subfamily : Sarrothripinae.

1. Genus: Sarrothripus Curt.

S. revayana Scop. (Vol. 3, p. 290, pi. 53 c). — colunibana Turn, denotes a dove-grey form that is al¬
most devoid of markings. Fescribed from England, but a number of similar specimens are known from
Asia Minor.

3. Genus: lijaiiipFotiht’ipa Hmps.

L. lactaria Graes. (= korbi Pglr.) can now be illustrated (23 b). PItngeler had classified this inter¬
esting small species in the Genus Asinduma Wkr., which is closely related with Lamprothripz, but the fore-
tibiae have shorter hairs.

7. Genus: l£leniiia Wkr.

B. quinaria Moore (Vol. 3, p. 293, pi. 53 e, f). quinariodes Strd. has less green beyond the median
line on forewings and the postmedian whitish patch is not quadrate, but extended to the point where the
oblique band and subterminal line meet. China.

8. Genus: liisoba Mr.

R. obstructa Mr. was omitted from Vol. 3, but occurs in Japan and China and besides is distributed
from East Africa via India to Java. Forewings whitish, peppered with brown and black, with a large white
spot before the centre from base of costa to the inner margin and which is edged by a black undulate line.
Orbicular stigma is a black dot, renifonn stigma circumscribed by black and with a black dot in centre. The
posterior transverse line is double with a white inner edge. Subterminal line with white outer edge. Hind¬
wings white with dusky marginal band. Wing expanse: 26 — 36 mm.

R. prominens Mr. (Vol. 3, p. 293, pi. 53 b, c). — rufialbivertex Strd. has head, thorax and base of ab¬
domen white with red-brownish tone. — alata Strd. has brown instead of green suffused forewings and also
beyond the subterminal line there are red-brown markings. China.

TYANA ; EARIAS; HYLOPHILA; HYLOPHILINA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

21 I

Subfamily : Acontianae.

5. Genus : Tyana Wkr.

T. falcata Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 295, pi. 53 li). — walkeri Strd. lias the back of the head and scapulae col- wulkcri.
oured yellow, whilst costa of forewings is yellow- white. W. China.

6. Genus: Karl as Hbn.

E. albovetiosana Obth. is related to vernana. Forewings delicate green with a curved very fine double alboveno-
darker green postmedian that is intertilled with white. Costa and base of inner margin are white, the area
before the posterior transverse line is dotted and striated with darker green. Hindwings silvery white and
silky. Underside of forewings pale green with white veins and postmedian. A very delicate and easily damaged
species from Algeria (Lambessa, Sebdou, Batna).

E. chlorophyllana, Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 296). — roseana Shelj. is placed by the author to turana Gr.Gr. ro.seana.
which Warren had held to be synonymous (vide Main Volume), but which is quite possibly correctly deemed
to be a genuine species. Wing contour as in chlorana, short and wide. Head white, thorax terracotta-red like
the forewings. Abdomen white, somewhat reddish at tip. Costa of forewings white, marginal area inclined
to brown, a row of black dots on margin and a very indistinct discal spot. There are 2 transverse lines, a
central and postmedian one, which are similarly drawn to those of insulana, but are distincter and not so close
together. Hindwings pure white, the upper 2/3 rds of the outer margin orange-yellow, fringes white. Length
of forewings: 9 mm. Amu-darka (Dargan-ata).

E. vernana Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 296, pi. 53 h). — caeruleoviridis Strd. has forewings and thorax inclined caeruleo-
to blue-greenish. viridis.

E. roseifera Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 296, pi. 53 i) is held by Filipjev to be a genuine species and this is prob- roseifera.
ably correct. — erutoescens Stgr. is not synonymous with it. It is impossible at present to decide to which of erubcscens.
these, the following 3 forms belong. They were mentioned by Hampson, and have now been denominated by
Strand: — diseoidalis Strd. has a small broAvn discal spot on forewings. — deearneata Strd. has no reddish discoidnlis.
suffusion and — dorsalis Strd. in contrast, has the entire wing from base to margin, except for the inner deearneata.
marginal area, suffused with red. E. Asia.

E. syrticola Trti. is smaller than the subsequent insulana, outer margin of forewings is more oblique, syrticola.
Forewings devoid of markings, intensively dull green withoirt transverse markings. Costa is yellowish white,
fringes green. Hindwings glossily pure white. Underside of forewings rosy white with green fringes, hindwings
irisating white. Legs white. Wing expanse: 17 mm. Cyrenaica (Agedabia).

E. insulana Bsdv. (Vol. 3, p. 296, pi. 53 i). — rufovitta Strd. resembles semifascia Warr., but the oblique rufovitta.
band is intensively red-brown between vein 6 and the inner margin. Tips of fringes are similarly coloured.

This is the ab. 4 of Hampson, Warren had expressly combined ab. 3 (= semifascia ) with ab. 4, which is
perhaps better, than creating a fresh name.

7. Genus: Iff ylopliila Hbn.

H. prasinana L. (Vol. 3, p. 297, pi. 53 k). — albidula Strd. are 7$ that are almost a bleached white, albidula.
— dorsilutea Strd. have an extensive yellow inner margin to forewings, the red colouration is absent from the dorsilutea.
costa towards apex. — hispanica Fdz. recently described, is probably a form of the following species: fiorii. hispanica.
As in hongarica only 2 white transverse lines are present. Costa is not red in <$, fringes of hindwings are pure
white. In the $ the costa is not white but only somewhat paler green, inner margin is also green. Bejar
(Salamanca).

H. fiorii Costni. is smaller than prasinana , £ leaf-green, faintly and uniformly suffused, $ paler and fiorii.
inclined to emerald green, with 2 oblique white lines, narrower than in prasinana , the inner one particularly
oblique and not quite complete. Fringes of forewings, in the also those of the hindwings, reddish or blackish
interrupted at terminals of veins. Hindwings in golden yellow, white in $. Antennae and tibiae vellow-red.

Palpi rather more projecting than in prasinana. Wing expanse: 29 — 30 mm. Upper Italy. In all probability
this is identical with liongarica Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 297, pi. 53 k) and possibly conspecific with hispanica Fdz.
fiorii has the right of priority (having been described in 1911), but it is possible that hongarica and hispanica
may be retained as denominations of races, even though the differences are negligible.

8. Genus: If ylophiliua Warr.

H. bicolorana Fuessl. (Vol. 3, p. 297, pi. 53 m). — intersectana Costni. is a very small form, probably intersee-
a 2nd generation, with reddish and white checked, not pure white, fringes. Occurs in August and Septembei
in Upper Italy.

212

GELASTOCERA ; KERALA; MORMONIA; CATOCALA. By Dr. M. Dbatjdt.

14. Genus : CiJelastocera Btlr.

duplicata. G. duplicata Wilem. has pale rosy brown forewings suffused with grey, the central area is intersected

by an oblique, double, brown band. Costa has a short brown streak-like mark near the apex. Hindwings
blackish brown turning to a paler ochreous outwardly. Wing expanse; 38 mm. Hondo, Yezo.

insignala. G. insigtiata Wilem. Forewings pale brown, mottled with darker specks, anterior and posterior trans¬

verse lines indicated by black dots with a darker undulate line subterminally. Reniform stigma pale with
2 black dots. Black dots at outer margin and a small spot in centre of inner margin. Hindwings blackish
brown. Wing expanse: 20 — 26 mm. Japan, Shikoku and Kyushu.

16. Genus: Kerala Moore.

houlberti. K. houlberti Obth. Forewings glossily silky reddish brown bestrewn with black dots, especially on

costa. Anterior transverse line dark brown, angulated. The posterior line is double and only slightly curved.
Orbicular and reniform stigmata are very small, whitish. Beyond the subterminal line, there is a row of black
longitudinal streaks. The brown marginal area is narrow. Hindwings glossily silky, impure white with a large
brown basal spot, in the $ the subterminal area is dusted with grey. It is related to punctilineata Mr. from
Assam and Sikkim. Wing expanse: 38 — 42 mm. Thibet (Siao-loo, Ta-tsien-loo).

Subfamily: Catocalinae.

1. Genus: Mormonia Hbn.

dulana. M. dula Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 302, pi. 54 b). — dulana Strd. denominates specimens in which the whitish

central area colouration is quite absent. Such forms, however, belong to the typical form and should not be
denominated. The remark af Strand, that the hindtibiae only have spurs towards the base, certainly does
not refer solely to the form dulana, but to dula in general.

demacu- M. sponsa L. (Vol. 3, p. 302, pi. 54 b). — demaculata Heinr. has stigmata suffused with the ground

lata. co]oar an(| not filled with white. Described from the neighbourhood of Berlin, but probably occurring occasi-
foriis. onally everywhere. — fortis Schaw. are specimens heavily suffused with black-brown, base, central and marginal
areas appearing thus, only the stigmata and their surrounds remaining pale. The band of the hindwings more
obscura. widely black. Bosnia. — obscura Obth. are very dark specimens without any white and partially submerged
markings. Algeria and Tunis. Schawerda has described similar specimens a second time 3 years later under
aira. the same name, as occurring in Lower Austria. — atra Spul. are still darker, forewings and thorax are com-
pomerana. pletely blackened. — pomerana Diesterweg denotes a melanic specimen with black hindwings and only the
purpurea, reniform stigma of forewings is faintly discernible and grey. — purpurea Obth. from Morocco is darker and
with more intensive colouration and markings, hindwings being very dark.

syriaca. M. neonympha Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 303, pi. 54 c). — syriaca Osth. is larger, forewings not ashen grey, but

golden yellow, all transverse markings fainter and more diffuse. Marash (Taurus).

belloidcs. M. bella Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 303, pi. 54 f). — belloides Strd. is identical with Staudinger's serenides,

which is distinguished by darker forewings that are less shaded with grey. It is therefore a synonym.

2. Genus: Catoeala Schrk.

aira. C. fraxini L. (Vol. 3, p. 304, pi. 54 d). — atra Spul. are extreme moerens with completely blackened

caerules- forewings and thorax. — caerulesceos Class has forewings distinctly suffused with bluish, perhaps it is a
Cns- transition to moerens. — contigua Schultz has a synonym in longimaculata Closs. — coeruleomaculata Gloss is
\wrutco- a remarkable aberration with a blue patch in the black basal area of hindwings, otherwise it resembles the
maculata. form moerens. Captured near Berlin. This may be an extreme form of maculata Kusnezov. — argillacea Vincent
argiUacea. qas forewings grey-white as type, the black markings faintly indicated, but the transverse lines pale yellow,
edged with black on both sides. The spot below the reniform stigma is also yellow. From Budapest and La
latefasciata. Grange. — latefasciata Warn, is a form from the Amur, in which the blue bands of the hindwings are strikingly
sternecki. wide, being about 2 mm wider than in european specimens. There is no other difference. Ussuri. — sternecki
Hirschhe denotes a specimen bred at Prague, in which the blue band of the hindwings is double as wide as
in normal specimens, it almost reaches to the inner margin and only a small black patch is left in basal area.
Forewings do not vary.

CATOCALA. By Dr M. Draudt.

C. nozawae Mats, is said to resemble lava. Forewings grey with brown scales, inner line undulate, not no::unuc.
very oblique, about as in puerpera. Central line parallel to the inner one, more boldly dentate at inner margin.
Postmedian boldly dentate over the inner margin, but without the long dentation on vein 2 as in lara. The
subterminal as in lara. Central area dark brown, so that the central line and reniform stigma are submerged.
Hindwings yellowish white, the bands as in puerpera. Wing expanse: 70 mm. Hokkaido.

G . nupta L. (Vol. 3, p. 304, pi. 55 a). — grisescens Hannemann are monotonously brownish grey spe- grisescens.
cimens with diffuse markings. — tiigrescens Hannemann are duskier grey-black specimens with darker markings nigrescen «
and no paler patches. Both described from tire neighbourhood of Berlin and not deserving denomination.

— xantliopliaea Schaw. Iras brownish yellow hindwings, while flava has pure yellow, languescens whitish yellow xantho-

with rosy suffusion. From Klosterneuburg near Vienna. — gulartii Lamb, is probably very similar to coeru-

phaea.
(juiartii.

lescens Cockerell, it has hindwings suffused with bluish black, whilst in coerulescens they are dark brown with
violet sheen. Described from specimens captured in Belgium. — kansuensis 0. B.-Ii. has pale grey forewings Jcun.sacn.vis.
with very indistinct markings, in the $ blue-grey with white patch below the reniform stigma, which is con¬
nected to the outer transverse stripe by a ribboned band. Hindwings pale red with abbreviated narrower
central band. From the Richthofen mountains (N. Kansu) in July, at an altitude of 2500 m. — clara Osth. dura.
is a larger form with much paler, pure pale grey forewings that are more faintly dusted, so that the 2 black
transverse lines stand out sharply. The central area round the reniform stigma towards the costa is more
heavily dusky blackish, the whitish patch before the reniform stigma is remarkably large, pale and prominent.

Hindwings are paler red with a narrower black band than main type form. From Marash (Taurus).

C. afghana 'Swinh. (Vol. 3, p. 305). — kaschmirerssis Strd. has head, thorax and forewings dark grey, kaschmi-
with scarcely a trace of brown, but much more heavily peppered with black. Kashmir. rensis.

C. deducta Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 306) was not illustrated in the Main Volume. An illustration is now given deducta.

(23 d). — uralensis Spul. is, as Spitler quite correctly asserted in 1908, not the type of Eversmann, but the urulensis ,
darker, usual form, described in the Main Volume as deducta , deducta itself actually being a very pale, creamy
white form, the name innocens Spul. (= uralensis Strd. nec Spul.) is therefore withdrawn.

G. oberthurii Aust,. (Vol. 3, p. 306, pi. 55 c). — flavicans Obth. have very pale hindwings, inclining to fiavicans.
yellowish. — liaroldiana Obth. is without the more or less pronounced black marginal band to hindwings. — haroldiana.
erubescens Rothsch. are specimens with heavy reddish suffusion; from Algeria. As the genitalia of oberthurii erubescens.
are identical with those of elocata, this is probably only a subspecies.

G. adultera Men. (Vol. 3, p. 306, pi. 55 d). — fumosa Vincent are dusky specimens with the whitish fumosa.
ground barely visible. Amur territory (Kasakewitsh).

G. puerpera Giorn. (Vol. 3, p. 307, pi. 55 c). — roseolimbata Dhl. has red lunular or triangular spots roseolim-
in the black marginal band of hindwings. They may expand to cover the entire outer half of the band with bata.

red, the band being in such a case widely interrupted by red at anal angle. The form has dark, boldly marked
forewings. S. Tyrol. — diniensis Heinr. is close to romana Schultz, the forewings being the same yellow-grey diniensis.
shade as the body. From Digne. — lutescens Vorbr. is a specimen bred at Martigny with completely dull lutescens.
yellow wings.

G. promissa Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 308, pi. 56 a). — sponsoides Gloss is a doubtful specimen, being perhaps sponsoides.
a hybrid of promissa and sponsa (?). The central band of hindwings is angulated as in sponsa and extends
to hind margin. From the neighbourhood of Berlin. — hilaris Obth. (= electra B.-H.) is very pale, heavily kilaris.
admixed with white. From Algeria.

€. kotschubeyi Shelj. is nearest to conjuncta Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 308, pi. 56 a). Forewings unicoloured dark kotschubeyi.
black-brown without pale bands or else with these merely indicated as pale shades. The transverse lines as
in conjuncta, but much more delicate. The black longitudinal basal streak is entirely absent. The pale sub¬
terminal barely indicated. The pale brown reniform stigma with its dark centre is much smaller and darker
than in conjuncta and without the black edge. Below it there is a small pale brown spot with black circum¬
scription, which is open outwardly. Fringes black-brown. Hindwings cinnamon red, a deeper shade than in
conjuncta. The curved central band is fairly wide and extends from costa to inner margin, being slightly nar¬
rower at upper end. Marginal band uniformly wide, only slightly narrower at anal angle. Inner margin black-
brown and intensively hairy, with a pale yellowish spot subapically at outer margin. Fringes black-brown
with somewhat yellowish patches. Length of forewings: 22—23 mm. From Sutshan (S. Ussuri).

C. fugitiva Warr. seems nearest to timur B.-H . Forewings grey with olive-brown tone, a delicate sub- fugitiva.
basal line that extends obliquely below the centre. Antemedian is oblique, excurved above and below the
centre and dentated inwards on mediana and vein 1. It is separated by a narrow pale area from a nebulous
olive-brown patch that lies anteriorly. A black basal streak is present. The black outer line, as in timur. The
reniform stigma is shaded over by olive-brown, it has a pale ring with black circumscription. The pale dentate

214

CATOCALA. By Dr. M. Dratidt.

sultana.

lucasi.

deserta.

kusnezovi.

kuangtun-

gensis.

greyi.

omphale.

tschiliensis.

thomsoni.

moltrechii.

pataloides.

vallantini.

leucomelas.

obscura.

subterminal is edged by a distinct black zigzag line. There is a dark oblique streak below the apex. Hindwings
fairly pale red, the black marginal band is dentated inwards on vein 2 and at submedian is almost completely
interrupted by red. Apex and fringes white. The central band gradually contracts from costa to vein 1. it is
never angulated. Wing expanse: 60 mm. Baigacum (Syr Darja), June. It differs from timur by the black
basal streak and the curved narrow central band of hindwings.

C. sultana B.-H. (Vol. 3, p. 310, pi. 56 c) should be deleted, it is identical with optata selecta Bsdv.
(Vol. 3, p. 310).

G . optata God. (Vol. 3, p. 310, pi. 56 e). — lucasi Vincent, described from France, resembles selecta
and has abdomen suffused with red. It is not so large, markings are less definite and the carmine red is not
so vivid.

C. pacta L. (Vol. 3, p. 310, pi. 54 f). — deserta Kozh. differs from the typical pacta by its larger size
(50 — 52 mm) and brown instead of black markings. The reniform stigma is also brown. From Minussinsk.

C. kusnezovi Pglr. is closely related to optima (Vol. 3, p. 309, pi. 56- b), differing by the obtusely den¬
tate post-median that extends in an acute angle at top towards the margin, forming a large flat curve towards
the base. Over the inner margin it again forms an acute angle towards the base. It is smaller than optima,
with purer darker grey forewings and deeper red hindwings. It is also somewhat like timur, but more of a
brownish grey and hindwings are a paler brick-red colour. Wing expanse: 46 mm. Syr Darja (Baigacum);
Kuldja.

C. kuangtungensls Melt on the upperside of forewings resembles deuteronympha, dark olive, darker than
in pataloides , the 5 pale spots on costa, dusted with black. The arched central pale band is the more distinct
of the two, it is conjoined with the whitish spot below the reniform stigma, but does not extend to the inner
margin. The pale post-median streak is only distinct at costa. Hindwings yellow, the black “O" shaped band
only touches in its inner part, the end of the long submarginal band. A black submarginal spot faintly con¬
joined by dark scales at the anal angle to the long anterior part of the submarginal band and the inner edge
of the “O" shaped band. Length of forewings: 31.4 mm. N. Kwangtung.

G. deuteronympha Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 311, pi. 63 c). — greyi Stgr. is not- synonymous, but a form that
lias considerably wider bands on hindwings. Ussuri, Sutshansk. — omphale Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 311, pi. 63 e) is
also merely a form with almost completely black hindwings on which only a narrow vestige of yellow is
retained. This is the japanese form. — tschiliensis 0. B.-H. in contrast to the preceding form has a much
narrower central black band to hindwings. Forewings dark grey with an oblique pale central band. From the
Chingan mountains (Chihli).

C. thomsoni A. E. Prout is very similar t-o deuteronympha , but- has shorter and wider forewings. The
dark marking on vein 5 beyond the reniform stigma is more extended. The dark shading posterior t-o the
post-median is absent. Postmedian and subterminal more heavily edged outwardly with ochreous. Central
band of hindwings is much narrower and the marginal band is similarly contracted at terminals of radial
nervules. Anal fold has scarcely any or no dark hairs. The last segment of palpi is distinctly shorter and
also thicker and blunter than in deuteronympha. Wing expanse: 56 — 63 mm. Tientsin, N. China in June.

C. moltrechii O. B.-H. is close to proxeneta Alph. (erroneously printed as “ proxenes ” in Vol. 3, pi. 63 c).
Ground colour of forewings brownish with a tinge of violet. Basal area almost black, a distinct small ringlet
below the reniform stigma, whilst in proxeneta this is a diffuse pale patch. A dark triangular patch in the
centre of inner margin, touching the basal area. Hindwings with a small isolated central spot and a wide,
slightly curved central band, parallel to the marginal band. Wing expanse: 40 mm. S. Ussuri, Sutshansk
in July.

C. pataloides Mell. The hindwings remind one most of patala (Vol. 3, p. 312, pi. 56 d) but the fore¬
wings are quite different. The apex is more pointed, the entire wing narrower, with mossy green scales,
greenish grey-brown transverse bands. Small pale spots on costa, of which 2 at base and 3 between centre
and apex are longer. The dark anterior transverse line is equidistant from base on costa and at inner margin.
Reniform stigma is obsolete, below it there is a roundish oval pale yellow or brownish spot. The dark post¬
median is indistinct and only slightly dentate, only behind the cell is there a dentation projecting outwards.
Hindwings yellow as in patala, but the black is more extensive. In the marginal area there is a roundish apical
yellow spot, with similar but narrower elongate spots in the pre-anal and anal regions. A longish yellow costal
spot from the yellow postmedian band and 3 roundish yellow spots in the posterior half of the wing. In the
basal area there are yellow longitudinal streaks in the median and anal areas, the latter being narrower. Length
of forewings: 30 — 32.3 mm. N. Kwangtung in subtropical forests. It rests on the tree trunks with its head
downwards.

C. nymphagoga Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 312, pi. 56 f). — vallantini Obth. and as a synonym: — defasciata Stertz.
Oberthur claims specific rank for his vallantini , but it is certainly only a subspecies, which is connected with
the very variable nymphagoga by all grades of transition. — leucomelas Obth. are very dark, almost black
specimens with white subterminal bands. From N. Tunis. — obscura Dhl. comes between fasciata and anthra-
cita; the ground colour is deeper, the pale patches being uniformly duskily suffused, but the basal area is
pale grey and the marking of the lines is distinct. The type comes from Torbole.

EPHESIA. By Dr. M. Draubt.

3. Genus: ]Eg»liesfa Him.

E. lielena Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 314, pi. 57 a). — kurenzovi Moltr. is a small dark race; ground colour blue- Jcurenzovi.
grey. Basal area with dense black shade, the outer dentate line deep black with brown edge. The dentation
of the outer dentate line is very long and extends into the grey-white central band. Hindwings dark yellow .

S. Ussuri, Sutshansk.

E. nymphaea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 316, pi. 57 a, b). — amaura Did. has no white spot below reniform umaura.
stigma, nor pale patch over cell. Torbole. — fuliginata Did. denotes dusky specimens with brownish black fuliginata.
forewings, distinct lines and sharply outstanding white central spot. — subfusca Dhl. has yellow hindwings suhfusca.
shaded by brown, forewings also darker. — caeruleseens Did. has paler coloured and marked forewings dusted caerules-
with bluish, brown patches extinct. — connexa Did. marginal band of hindwings extends uninterrupted to
anal angle. — storthynx Dhl. has marginal band of hindwings intersected by yellow lines along the veins form- storthynx.
ing narrow longitudinal oval patches. — benacensis Rocci resembles thalamos, large, very dark grey, reniform henacensis.
stigma very duskily suffused but with whitish spots on both sides. Hindwings with wide complete marginal
band. Campione. — kabuli 0. B.-H. has ashen grey forewings and faint barely discernible markings. Hind- kabuli.
wings pale yellow, the black central band extends to anal angle in a sharp point. Underside monotonous
yellow. Afghanistan, Kabul.

E. suzukii Mats. The generic classification is doubtful, it may be an Ephesia. Forewings grey-white suzukii.
with bluish tone, reniform stigma and a spot below same, deep black. Inner line black, bold, undulate, similar
to nymphaea, but more vertical. The outer line also like that of nymphaea and dentate. Subterminal shadow¬
like, uniformly undulate from costa to inner margin. Hindwings orange-yellow, the black marginal band wide
at costa, contracting towards inner margin, somewhat as in duplicata (Vol. 3, pi. 63 g). Central band also
similarly curved, but extending more towards base at inner margin. Central streak longer. Thorax grey, ab¬
domen yellow-grey. Wing expanse: 48 mm. Kyoto.

E. danilovi 0. B.-H. is best placed next to connexa Bud. (Vol. 3, p. 317, pi. 57 f). Head and thorax danilovi.
bluish grey, with a striking brown tuft of hair on metathorax. Forewings bluish grey in central area, marginal
area somewhat darker, the still darker basal area boldly marked. The striking inner transverse line is black,
reniform stigma only faintly indicated, the outer black transverse stripe has a whitish outer edge. It commences
just below costa, extends somewhat towards the margin forming two dentations and then in 5 dentations
vertically to inner margin, parallel to inner line. Hindwings yellow, similarly marked to connexa with wide
marginal band that is interrupted at anal angle. Cell is circumscribed by black and there is a faint black
inner marginal streak. Wing expanse: 43 mm. S. Ussuri, Sutshansk, July.

E. nubila Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 318, pi. 57 c). — fuscipicta Strd. (= Hmps. ab. 1) is the form with dark fuscipicta.
brown central area. — medioraigra Warr. has — nigripicta Strd. as synonym. medionigrn.

E. Jarssserii A. E. Prout differs from triphaenoides Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 318, pi. 63 g) by the more oblique jansseni.
direction of the antemedian with dark shading proximally. Postmedian more sharply dentate, the upper
extremity is submerged by a large dark dusted costal spot, which extends from 2/5 to 4/5 ths of costa and down¬
wards to centre of wing, with long black dentations outwardly on the veins. Subterminal is also heavily and
sharply dentate. Forewings with small black costal spots in centre and black narrow' marginal band to shortly
before vein 2 and with a “V” shaped spot before anal angle. Wing expanse: 58 mm. One $ from Ichang
(Central China).

E. duplicata Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 318, pi. 63 g). — yezonis Strd. is a form in which the curved black-brown yezonis.
shade extends from centre of costa to lower angle of cell and thence to margin below the apex. Yezo, Japan.

E. eutychea Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 318, pi. 57 e). — obscura Ostli. denotes a unicoloured grey-black, dusky obscura.
specimen, with yellow patches of hindwings dusted with blackish. Marasli (Taurus).

E. maculata Vincent appears to be close to eutychea and is compared to a specimen of that species maculata.
with diffuse markings. Forewings blackish grey, partially dusted grey-blue; lines barely discernible, the
inner one touching a large white spot, somewhat oblique, faintly dentate; the posterior one delicately black,
edged with white outwardly, with a small wdiite spot next to it on costa.. Reniform stigma grey with white
at lower extremity, circumscribed by black. Hindwings pale yellow with black marginal band to anal angle,
very narrow ly yellow in submedian fold, narrowly yellow at apex, the black central band narrow', not extending
to inner margin, but curving inwards towards base. Inner margin itself slightly brownish. Wing expanse:

46 — 50 mm. China.

E. largetaui Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 319 as “largeteaui”, pi. 57 d). — fuscida Strd. has forewings completely fuscida.
suffused with blackish brown. China.

E. julminea Scop. (Vol. 3, p. 319, pi. 57 d). — vilpiana Dhl. is the large boldly marked form from the vilpiana.
Etsch Valley. Basal area is filled with blackish, the tone of the rest of the wing inclining to grey-blue. Hind¬
wings bright yellow with faint tinge of reddish, the black central band is confluent with the black basal marginal

combinata.

hymenoi-

des.

pirata.

stertzi.

deslricjata.

pudentia.

fjrandhna-

cula.

parvima-

cula.

absentima-

cula.

signata.

bilobaia.

privata.

bilincta.

alb Uine a.

ochrea.

fuscoirro-

rata.

diffusa.

imaculata.

216 KORAIA — MINUCIA . By Br. M. Draudt.

stripe and the wide marginal band is not interrupted. Abdomen frequently with yellowish hairs. Probably
this form is identical with Hampson's “ab. 3”, which was briefly described as having an uninterrupted marginal
band on hindwings and for which Strand has introduced the name — combinata. In case this surmise is cor¬
rect, the latter name would have right of priority.

E. hymeuoides Draes. (23 d). Forewings yellowish grey, the transverse lines brown, the inner one
proceeding obliquely from costa to inner margin, the outer one forms a sharp dentation between veins 5 and 6
with a smaller one between veins 4 and 5, then with faint dentations to inner margin, being angulated acutely
inwards on vein 1. The heavily dentate subterminal line is whitish grey. Hindwings yellow, the central band
dark brown, uniformly wide, extending from costa obliquely to vein 3, then curving inwards and not extending
towards the base in anal area. Marginal band uniformly wide with a yellow spot in apex. Fringes yellow,
faintly dotted with grey-brown on veins 2 — 6. Western Hills, Peking.

3 a. Genus : Moraisi Herz.

This is very close to the american Genus Gorisce Hbn. and only seems to differ by the shorter palpi.
Only one species:

K. pirata Herz (23 d). Forewings bluish grey, peppered with yellow-brown, especially at outer margin.
Transverse lines finely indicated, dentate, the inner one very oblique, forms a wide black-brown band from
costa to below the cell, the same colour extends below the mediana in a quadrate cell spot, expanding between
the stigmata and terminating in a wide costal spot. Posterior transverse line similarly expanding to a spot
on costa and double. Hindwings yellowish white with very faint indications of a central band which extends
towards the base on the edges of the cell. Corea and from Sutshan; July and August.

4. Genus: ITloiJiricliopias Wllgr.

The author is Wallengren and not Weymer as stated in the German edition of Main Volume.

U. stertzi Pgl. (Vol. 3, p. 320, pi. 63 g). A mistake was made in the list giving references to the original
description. On p. 469 of Main Volume read: Iris 19, p. 225*, instead of Iris 12, p. 288 (Cossus stertzi).

9. Genus: Jfyctipao Hbn.

N. albicinctus Roll. (Vol. 3, p. 322, pi. 59 a). — destrigata Strd. There are no white streaks on veins
in marginal area of hindwings. Formosa, but also found in Japan.

12. Genus: Kimioitodia Gnen.

E. pudens Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 324, pi. 59 c). — pudentia Strd. denotes specimens with a small dark cunei¬
form spot at lower angle of cell. — grandimacula Warr. has — subpudens Strd. as synonym. — parvimacula
Warr. has — punctimocula Strd. as synonym. — absentiniacula Strd. (= Hmps. ab. 4) has no spot at all below
lower angle of cell.

13. Genus: Speiredonia Hbn.

Sp. martha Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 325, pi. 60 b). — signata Warr. has — macromacula Strd. as synonym. —
bilobata Strd. (= ab. 2 Hmps.) which was included by Warren under the form signata (a classification which
was not quite correct) has the spot posterior to lower angle of cell conjoined to form a two-lobed mark with
the spot above it, the uppermost of the 3 spots remains isolated.

17. Genus: Minueia Moore.

M. lunaris ScJiijf. (Vol. 3, p. 326, pi. 60 e). — privata Dhl. is the form in which the punctiform or¬
bicular stigma is absent. — bitincta Dhl. has outer marginal area uniformly dusky with extinct outer transverse
line, contrasting from the unicoloured pale central and basal areas. Both forms are described from the S. Tyrol.

- albilinea Wgnr. has monotonous dark brown wings. The forewings with 2 distinct white transverse lines
outlining the central area. All other markings including the stigmata are extinct, only the subterminal line
is faintly indicated by whitish. From Zara, Dalmatia. — ochrea Krornb. is suffused with oclireous having
faint markings, but pronounced black postdiscal band. From around Berlin.

M. wiskotti Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 327, pi. 63 g). — fuscoirrorata Strd. has greyer forewings, more densely
peppered with reddish brown and whitish in postmedian area. — diffusa Strd. has anterior and posterior trans¬
verse lines extinct. Palestine.

M. bimaculata Osth. Forewings pure grey, dusted with blackish in basal and central areas. Transverse
lines similarly situate as in lunaris. The outer one is more vertical at costa and inner margin. Reniform stigma
partially filled with blackish. Subterminal line extends more straightly and is less undulate than in lunaris,
subcostally posterior to same there are 2 velvety black spots, one above the other. Black marginal dots are
barely indicated, margin and fringes less undulate. Body and hindwings unicoloured grey. Wing expanse:
40 — 47 mm. Taurus, Marash.

Publ. 9. X. 1939.

ANUA — CLYTIE. By Dr. M. Drauut. ‘

217

18. Genus: Aima Wkr.

A. tirhaca Cr. (Vol. 3, p. 327, pi. 60 f). — jaderensis Stdr. is synonymous with the form absents Warr. jaderevs
Black band of hindwings completely absent; forewings white or whitish grey with only sparse greenish ad¬
mixture, so that they appear covered with mildew. Hindwings however deep yellow. Tivoli. Torbole.

21. Genus: OpihiiBssi O.

O , algira L. (Vol. 3, p. 329, pi. 61 b). A number of aberrations of this pretty species have been described:
algiroides 0. Schultz has a quite dusky pale median band, whilst in leucotaenia Did. it appears almost algiroides.

white, also marginal area is paler whitish. — triquetra Wgnr. (= leptotaenia Dhl.) denotes specimens with band

sharply constricted or even completely interrupted in centre. - seleftitaenia DM. are specimens of this latter sellmitoniia.

form with a subterminal row of dark angular or crescentiform marks pointing inwards. These, connecting

with the dark apical marks, form a band right across the wing, like the illustration of albivitta in Main Volume,

pi. 61 b. All these forms are from the S. Tyrol. — defecta Stdr. The diffuse whitish median band on upperside dejecta.

of hindwings is almost or completely extinct. From Illyria (Gorizia). — europa Schaiv. (= algira Warr.) is the euro-pa.

european form, which Warren classified with the type. This was not correct, the actual type from Syria is

much larger, black-brown with pale brown, almost whitish median band; the european form is smaller, darker

with a more pale mauve-grey median band and margin.

A. melicerta Drc. (= tigrina Fabr., traversi Fereday). This species, that is widely distributed in the melicerta.
entire indo-autralian territory, extends in the west to the Persian Gulf and occurs in Japan on palaearctic
ground. Forewings fuscous, dusted with grey especially in median area and on margin below apex. Dark fus¬
cous double undulate transverse lines. Reniform stigma with black dot at top and whitish circumscription.

Hindwings grey-brown to a straight bluish white band, that extends from centre of costa to anal angle, beyond
this black with 3 large white marginal patches. Wing expanse: 52 — 70 mm. — The grey-blue larva has yellow
stripes and a black dorsal stripe, flanked by reddish white spots on 4th and 5th segments, ft feeds on the Castor
plant (Ricinus).

23. Genus: €*ramino<l®$ Guen.

G. rogenhoferi Bhtsch. (= mirabilis Rom., triangulata Swinh.) (23 e). This beautiful species was omitted rogenhoferi.
from Main Volume. It cannot be confused with any other species. Forewings grey-brown with faint coppery
sheen and a straight white median band, that expands at costa and inner margin and is speckled with brown
in centre. A posterior white transverse line extending from costa to the white subterminal somewhat below
vein 4, then becoming angulated and proceeding to inner margin close to median band. Marginal veins finely
streaked with white. Also margin is narrowly white. Hindwings grey-brown with narrow, oblique white band
from centre of costa to anal angle and a crenulate white line from vein 3 to anal angle. Palestine, Syria, Armenia.

G. stolida F. (Vol. 3, p. 331, pi. 61 f). — ineompleta Buresch. The inner white transverse band on fore- incompleta.
wings is completely absent. Described from the Rhodope mountains.

25. Genus: l®elamia Guen.

P. electaria Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 332, pi. 61 f.). — electariella Strd. The black submedian streak is absent electariella.
on forewings or is only diffusedly indicated. Probably only an aberration. East Asia.

28. Genus: Ercheia Wlcr.

E. umbrosa Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 335, pi. 61 h). — umbrosana Strd. The inner marginal and marginal areas umbrosana.
are not pale brown, but of the same colour as ground colour of wdng. Paler streaks in interstices between the
veins in marginal area. — subunibrosa Strd. is similar but the forewings are more of a grey-browm with a diffuse subumbrosa.
black longitudinal submedian streak and a similar short white streak before the postmedian. — prominens Strd.
is synonymous with variegata Warr. variegata.

33. Genus: Clytle Hbn.

Cl. scotorrhiza Pimps. (Pglr. i. 1.) (23 e) differs from all other species by an indented black basal streak scotorrhiza.
on forewings. Pale reddish brown, with darker speckles. The transverse lines are only slightly sinuate and they
are marked in black and with somewhat whitish edges on sides facing one another. White punctiform orbi¬
cular stigma with black surround, the small reniform stigma is also whitish circumscribed by black. Small
black sagittate marks are situate before the whitish subterminal line. Hindwings whitish with wide black-
brown marginal band and white fringes. Palestine (Dead Sea).

Supplementary Volume 3

28

syrdaja.

arenosana.

nabaiaea.

euryphaea.

rufescens.

leucoptera.

dispar.

disparella.
disparoides.
sabulij era.

assimilis.

218 PERICYMA; CORTYTA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

Cl. syrdaja Hmps. ( B.-H . i. 1.) (23 e) differs from the similar arenosa by the whitish, faintly brownish
hindwings with wide black marginal band. Forewings brownish grey dusted with black-brown. The very faint
thin dark transverse lines are barely indicated. Orbicular stigma is faint and punctiform and there are discal
lunules. The pale brownish subterminal line has a dark outer edge on both sides. In $ the transverse lines
are somewhat more distinct, reniform stigma with pale centre. Hindwings more suffused with reddish brown.
West Turkestan (Aulie Ata), also in Algeria (Guelt es Stel. El Mesrane).

Cl. arenosa Rothsch. (Vol. 3, p. 338, pi. 63 a). — arenosana Strd. has more distinct transverse lines,
whilst the subterminal line is less distinctly edged with black. Algeria.

Cl. nabataea Hmps. ( Pglr . i. 1.) (23 e) resembles syriaca being paler but more heavily irrorated. Subter¬
minal line with very sharply angulated black point to the margin on vein 6 and with roundish projection between
3 and 4, almost straight subanally; edged with white outwardly and black inwardly. Hindwings yellowish
with wide brown marginal band. A 1 mm wide yellow band before the deep brown undulate marginal. Fringes
whitish. Palestine.

Cl. euryphaea Hmps. Head and thorax ochreous whitish, dusted with sepia. Abdomen yellowish white.
Forewings yellowish white, dusted with grey and speckled with black. Marginal area inclined to bluish grey.
Anterior transverse line blackish, interrupted, undulate only extending to sub median fold. Posterior line
indistinctly double. Orbicular stigma white, punctiform, with dark brown surround. Reniform shaped like an
“8”, brownish grey, whitish at bottom, circumscribed by deep brown. The whitish subterminal line bilaterally
brown, undulate. Before it there is a blackish shade on costa, curving outwards below vein 7 and having a black
spot inwardly. Marginal line undidate, black. Hindwings yellowish white, with fulvous veins and wide brown-
black marginal area with narrow yellowish white subterminal band. Fringes yellow- white. Wing expanse:
58 mm. Arabia (Sdkal Rhamis).

35. Genus: B*erlcyma H.-S.

P. albidentaria Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 338, pi. 62 d). — pallidior Strd. is synonymous with rufescens Warr. Syria.

36. Genus. (lortyta Wkr.

The views as to the homogeneousness of the various species in this Genus vary considerably. Whilst
Hampson in his Cat. Lep. Phal. included 7 species, Rothschild considers them all to be forms of a single highly
variable species. Until exact anatomical examinations have clarified the position, we deem it best, to accept
Hampson's subdivision into species. The “species”: balnearia Dist., impar Hmps., and eremochroa Hmps. are
however certainly not palaearctic.

C. leucoptera Hmps. is very close to the following dispar, differing by the paler ochreous whitish ground
colour. There is no darker brownish colouration of the outer half of median area. Further the marginal area
is grey-white, in dispar it is more densely dusted with sepia. Only very little grey dusting is present before
the black antemedian. Median area faintly suffused with fulvous. A blackish spot at apex posterior to whitish
subterminal line. Hindwings as in dispar but with darker intersecting line at fringe. Wing expanse: 30 mm.
West Algeria.

C. dispar Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 339) (23 e). We are now able to give illustrations of this pretty species. — •
disparella Strd. On forewings antemedian and postmedian areas are dusted with brownish black. — disparoides
Strd. Forewings more unicoloured pale fulvous, also hindwings have a brown hue. — sabulifera Warr. is illu¬
strated on pi. 63 of Main Volume, but was omitted from text. Possibly it is the $ of bifasciata, which Warren
classified with fasciolata (Vol. 3, p. 339, pi. 62 e 63 a <^), but which is more likely to belong to dispar, all the
more as Warren mentions “= ab. 2 Hmps.'’ , whilst however Hampson does not in fact mention an “ab. 2”
under fasciolata. On the other hand he does under dispar, which would then be identical with disparella Strd.
In this case bifasciata would have priority. It will be necessary to examine the types and then’ genitalia, sabuli-
fera is described as being sandy grey, dusted with brownish in basal half. Basal area and central area darker
at costa. Lines very indistinct, double, with paler interfilling. The outer one much less crenelated than in fascio¬
lata, not curved inwards under the reniform stigma, terminating nearer the anal angle on inner margin, so that
the median area is wider. Reniform stigma extinct. Subterminal line paler, sharply bent under the angulation
on vein 7. Hindwings paler, the lines less distinct. The width of the median area and the marking of the
lines agree with those of dispar, but the colouration is entirely different. Lower Egypt, Atbara River; only
1 $ is known.

C. fasciolata Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 339, pi. 62 e 63 a <J). Nothing is said in the text as to — assimilis (pi. 63 b),
perhaps it should be subsimilis Warr., although the illustration does not really agree with the description.

ANYDROPHILA; CEROCALA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

219

C. vilis Wkr. (Vol. 3, pi. 63 b) was omitted from the text. Hampson created a special Genus: Gnamptonyx rUi s.

for this species, as the fore tibiae have a curved spine at the ends. However according to outer appearance,

the species fits in well here. It closely resembles the illustration of assimilis of the preceding species but is some
what larger and has a large spot in the centre of costa of forewings. Markings of hindwings are heavier. Wing
expanse: 26 — 38 mm. Aden, distributed over the Sudan, Somaliland and also in Arabia and India.

G. vetusta Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 339, pi. 62 e). pallidior Strd. is a paler form. The “forms’-: rosacea Rbl. pallidior.

and acrosticta Pglr. are classified both by Rothschild and Hampson as genuine species, which is probably

correct.

37. Genus: Any<lro|>Iii]a John.

A. sabouraudi D. Luc. (Vol. 3, p. 340). It was omitted to refer to the illustration on pi. 75 g in Main sabouraudi.
Volume.

38. Genus: Cerocala Bsd.

The species placed in this Genus in the Main Volume have in several cases been grouped incorrectly
and it is necessary to recapitulate as follows:

C. scapulosa Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 340, pi. 62 f). A species that varies very little and is correctly described scapulosa.
and illustrated in Main Volume, algiriae and biskrensis that Oberthur classifies with it, do not actually belong
here, the former is a separate species. Whether — albifusa Joan, belongs to it, is doubtful. The description albifusa.
reads: ground colour of forewings pale pearly grey, veins dusted with black, the black-brown lines and inter¬
stices as in the type form, the discal area faintly suffused with brown in the lower posterior part. The elongated
olive eyespot circumscribed with pale reddish in the lower part. The deep indent between postmedian and reni-
form mark is a pure white. Marginal area pearly grey with a black arc. Hindwings with white ground dusted
with pale reddish grey as in scapulosa, the black marginal spots, sharply outlined. Alexandria (Egypt).

C. rothschildi Trti. (= insana Rothsch., nec Stgr., sana Warren in Seitz) (23 f) is an intermediate species rothschildi.
between scapulosa and insana, smaller than the former, larger than the latter. Colouration darker than algiriae.

The white subterminal line forms 2 indents inwards, whilst in the other species there is an additional more or
less distinct small subapical. The arrangement of the markings is the same. Hindwings somewhat suffused
with brownish, with grey-brown submarginal band and 2 black marginal spots in white ground. Algeria. The
species was illustrated as “ Sana ” in Vol. 3, pi. 62 f, but the illustration was not good and we are now giving
a better picture.

C. sana Stgr. (23 f) is not the species described as such by Warren in the Main Volume, p. 341, but a sana.
different species, correctly designated by Hampson in his Cat. Lep. Phal. and which however does not occur
in N. Africa. The illustration on pi. 62 f represents the preceding rothschildi . It is a relatively small compact
species, of dark colouration, all pale bands of forewing usually boldly interfilled with dark scales, so that they
appear to be edged by thin pale lines. The pale reniform stigma very narrow. It is difficult to explain in a
description the differences from insana. Hampson's statement that- the postmedian is somewhat incurved
under the costa, which is not the case in the other species, is not always actually so. It only occurs in Asia
Minor (Taurus; Mersin), Syria and in the Persian Gulf. According to Amsel it also occurs in Palestine, where
the moth flies exclusively on the sandhills. In s an an a Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) the white postmedian band on fore- sanana.
wings is very narrow and does not extend to the subterminal line. - sanella Strd. (= ab. 2 Hmps.) has the sanella.
subterminal band on forewings extinct towards the margin.

C. perorsorum Trti. (23 f) is also somewhat bigger than insana. Markings and colouration daintier than perorsorum.
in the preceding species. Ground colour milky white, the darker markings seem powdered over with grey-
white. The arrangement of markings is the same as in the other species. Hindwings on the other hand remind
one more of those of scapulosa owing to the wider and more distinct postmedian band and the greater extension
of the black marginal spots. — fulgens Trti. (23 f) denotes a somewhat darker form of this very variable species fulgens.

It has a more yellowish tone to ground colour with darker markings - autumnalis Trti is the second generation, autumnalis.
occurring in October — the first flies in March — this is plainly a stunted form of only half the size and with
duller colouration. Cyrenaica, flying along the sea coast in daytime.

C. insana H.-S. (= algiriae Obth.) (Vol. 3, p. 341, pi. 62 f). According to Rothschild the name insana insana,
should be annulled, as Herrich-Schaffer described the species as from the Cape of Good Hope and also the
illustration is open to doubt. As however Hampson especially mentions that this origin is erroneous, we prefer
to retain the name here. It is the smallest and palest species. — - biskrensis Culot (23 f) denominates the palest biskrensis.
specimens of all, with pure white hindwings, without any trace of black spots. The species insana is unbeliev¬
ably variable and if one wished one could probably separate 50 forms. On plate 23 f we are giving illustrations

220

LEUCANITIS; GONOSPILEIA; SYNGRAPHA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

of several different specimens that vary very considerably and in part remind one of perorsorum. It is difficult
insanella. to classify them or to believe in their claim to specific rank. — - insanella Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) has forewings
uniformly suffused with reddish and duskier markings. Hindwings with extinct marginal spot and terminal band.

39. Genus : ILeiicanitis Gum.

chinensis. L. chinensis Aljjh. (Vol. 3, p. 388) does not belong under Anumeta , but should be classified next to

picta Christ. (Vol. 3. p. 341, pi. 62 g). from which it differs by longer cilia to $ antennae.

41. Genus: Cj<4>iiosi»ileia Hbn.

aurantiaca. G. glyphica L. (Vol. 3, p. 343, pi. 62 i). — aurantiaca Schaw. has forewings with more variegated colouring.

Ground colour mauve-grey, transverse bands and apical spot deep chocolate brown. Hindwings orange-yellow.
Albarracin. fauriea Culot is an especially pale form from the Crimea.

nranensis. G. oraneiisis Rothsch. is classified by its author in the Genus Drasteria Hbn., which consists exclusively

of north american species and which remind one somewhat of G. mi Cl. The generic classification is in this case

open to doubt. Antennae black-brown, body pale reddish sand colour, a streak on the collar and edges of scapulae
are deep fuscous. Forewings pale cinnamon brownish, dusted with brown in basal quarter, with numerous
black lines and rings, in centre a convex sandy brown band, posteriorly dusted with brown wdth a black posterior
transverse line. Subterminal line distinct. Reniform stigma reddish white, crenulate, a cinnamon-brown spot
on margin between veins 3 and 4. Hindwings white with black marginal band, outwardly with 3 white spots
and inwardly conjoined with a black discal stigma. It must be mentioned here that in Nov. Zool. 27 on plate
XVI, the figure numbers 16 and 17 are inverted. Fig. 17 denotes oranensis and 16 Cortyta rosacea Rbl. and not
the reverse.

insulata. G. mi Cl. (Vol. 3, ]). 343, pi. 62 h). — insulata Klem. The lobe of the postmedian spot on forewings,

vitiosa. pointing towards the anal angle, is widely interrupted by white. Brodow. — vitiosa Wehrli shows a reduced
middle area of forewings, in which the outer transverse stripe extends to the inner margin in an “S'-5 shape, so
that it forms only one lobe at its lower end, emitting white ray-like extensions towards the margin. Base of
hindwings brown, not white, the black central band being double as wide. Frauenfeld (Switzerland).

15. Subfamily: Phytometrinae.

3. Genus: Syiigrapha Hbn.

yoetscli- S. ain Hochenw. (Vol. 3, p. 345, pi. 64 b). goetschnianni Skala shows the silver “y” mark widely

vianm. jj i]e([ oup ft should not be mistaken for tumidisigna Warr., in which only the tail of the “y" is expanded.
pcnegalensis. penegalensis St dr. The silver mark is completely absent, described from a specimen from the Mendel Pass. —
infumata. infumata Schwing. has both fore and hindwings duskily suffused. From Hochschwab.

v-notaia. S. microgamma Him. (Vol. 3, p. 346, pi. 64 a). In v-iiotata Strd. we have the inverse form to incompleta,

the dot is absent and the “v" mark retained.

aureomacu- S. inter rogationis L. (Vol. 3. p. 346, pi. 64 b). aureomaculata Vorbr. has a golden mark on forewings

lata, instead of the silver one. — aureoviridis Wgnr. is a fine aberration, the entire wing except for the lower half
aureovvriais . a ox

of central area is suffused with golden green. The large, perfectly fresh specimen, which I was enabled to inspect

orbata. by the courtesy of Mr. Fritz Wagner, was captured in Bohemia (Eger). orbata Warr. has as synonym —

flammifera. annulata Strd.; fiammifera Huene has as synonym — confluens Strd. — • simplex Strd. denotes specimens

simplex. where the spot or ring behind the stigma is absent.

cinerea. S. cinerea Warr. (= pyrenaica Hmps.) (Vol. 3, p. 346, pi. 64 c) is certainly a genuine species. It differs

in the first place from inter rogationis by the grey discal area, which is the same shade as the rest of the ground
colour and therefore not brown. Also the head and thorax are not dark brown, but mauve-grey. Hitherto
gammifera. only known to occur in the Pyrenees: Gedre, Gavarnie and Cauterets. — ganimifera Warr. is certainly a form
of same.

sachalinen- S. sachalinensis Mats. Forewings dark grey, somewhat paler in costal half and at margin, with a black

sts ■ undulate subbasal. Anterior transverse line black, double. Outer line edged with a fine yellowish line below
the mediana. Below the oval pale grey orbicular stigma with darker inner ring, there is a pale yellowish “V”
shaped mark, with a yellowish dot below outwards. In place of the reniform stigma are 2 velvety black striations,
each of which is edged with white inwards. The double black-brown undulate postmedian line is interfilled
with white. The dentations of the undulate black subterminal become larger and wider towards the apex and
are situate here in a nebulous brownish black patch. Along the margin are white lunular streaks with dark
marginal line posteriorly. Fringes pale grey and checked with brownish black. Hindwings brownish black,
darker at margin. Wing expanse: 32- 35 mm. S. Saghalin (Ichinosawa).

PHYTOMETRA. By Ur. M. Draudt.

221

S. nyiwonis Mats, is very close to the preceding. It is somewhat smaller. Central area under the med- m/m-onis.
iana velvety black. The black, white ringed orbicular stigma is not oval. Black reniform stigma is auriform
deeply indented outwardly and with white edge. The stigma is pure silvery white, either conjoined or separated
from the spot behind. A large grey-white triangidar patch on costa before the subterminal. Marginal area
very pale grey-wliite with bluish tone, almost pure white at anal angle. Hindwings black-brown, with wide
yellowish band posterior to centre. Wing expanse: 31 mm. N. Saghalin, at the beginning of August.

P . festucae L. (Vol. 3, p. 347, pi. 64 c). -
has the 2 silvery spots below the cell coalescent.

4. Genus: Phytometra Eaw.

coalescens Schulz (= marisola Krai.,

festucella Slrd.) (23 g) coalescens.

P. bractea F. (Vol. 3, p. 347, pi. 64 d). — bracteama Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) denotes a specimen in which bracteana.
the lower end of the golden mark is somewhat prolonged outwardly. — argentea Gronemann lias a silver mark argentea.
instead of the golden one on forewings.

P. chryson Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 348, pi. 64 e). — coreae Strd. (23 g) has the golden spot of forewings greenish, coreae.
it does not extend to the subterminal'line. Corea. We are illustrating a similar specimen from Japan. euporia euporia.
Dhl. denominates an autumn brood, that occurs in the S. Tyrol (Terlan) in October and November. Very dark
specimens in which the gold mark almost touches the costa, the transverse lines of hindwings standing out more
distinctly from the marginal band and closer to the margin.

P. zosimi Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 348, pi. 64 e). brunnickii Klem. is a form in which the metallic bands of brunnickii.
fore wings are not green, but coppery golden. Podhorce near Stryj.

P. chrysitis L. (Vol. 3, p. 348, pi. 64 f). decorata Dhl. is an aberration in which the metallic sheen is so decorata.
extensive that the inner marginal patch of the ground colour is almost completely extinct. From Bolzano and
Rome. — rosea Kaucki denominates a specimen from Poland that is suffused with rose. — croesus Bryk denotes
a Swedish specimen with golden macula at end of cell. — ■ splendidior Fdz. is of much more lively colouration, the
metallic green is of quite extraordinary intensity. The outer line that edges the green band is strongly undulate, the
brown median band is deeper scarlet-brown. Hindwings darker, subterminal that expands at anal angle com¬
pletely absent. Salamanca.

P. aemula Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 350, pi. 64 i). argentea Hoffm. has pure silvery macula. Styria. — carin- argentea.
thiaca Strd. forewings uniformly suffused with reddish, macula faintly golden. Carinthia. — altaretensis Testout carinthiaca.
has pale grey yellowish forewings with blackish veins and pale silvery spot and dark brown subapical patch.

From Lautaret, at an altitude of 2100 m, occurring among normal specimens and therefore probably aberrative.

rosea.

croesus.

splendidior.

P. ornata Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 351, pi. 64 i). — contacta Kozh. denotes specimens in which the ‘ V
is conjoined with the silvery tear-shaped spot. From Minussinsk.

mark contacta.

P. pulchrina Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 351. pi. 64 k). — juncta Greer is synonymous with percontatrix Auriv. — percontatrix.
incipiens Schaw. corresponds to ab. inscripta Esp. of jot a, both golden spots on forewings are absent or the hook incipiens.
mark is indicated by a minute golden triangle. From the Tyrol (Kufstein).

P. gamma L. (Vol. 3, p. 351, pi. 65 a). — gartneri Skala is clearly an aberrative specimen of strange gartneri.
appearance. Ground colour is pale with “dissolved" gamma mark. According to a specimen from Gratz in
Moravia. — alepica Nitsche. Forewings paler, hindwings completely hyaline, except for the wide blackish margin, atepica.
Rohrwalde. — bipartita Orstadius has the silver mark split in two. Sweden. — rufa Verity the black dusting is bipartita.
replaced by a nice red, the more or less golden gamma is silvery. — comma Ostrejkowna. The gamma mark is rui«-
reduced to a simple, fairly thick bar, that is excurved in centre towards the outer margin. From around Vilna.

P. nigrisigna Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 352, pi. 65 a). lama Strd. shows the silver mark below the cell in “y" iana.
shape. — mala Strd. is deeper coppery brown in the innermarginal half of central and subterminal areas. East Asia. nala.

P. confusa Steph. (Vol. 3, p. 352, pi. 65 b). - deamgulata Strd. The silver mark on forewings is not deangulata.
angulated inwards, but has anteriorly a small silver streak on mediana. - aestiva Krul. is obviously a 2nd aestiva.
generation. Much darker, innermarginal half more of a rusty brown, the silvery transverse stripe better deve¬
loped. Hindwings also are darker. Wiatka, Kasan; also from S. Tyrol in October. — grisea Dhl. denotes more grisea.
unicoloured, greyish specimens. Similarly from the S. Tyrol.

has the silver acuminata.
disjunctana disjunctana.

P. albostriata Brem. -Grey (Vol. 3, p. 352, pi. 65b). — acuminata Strd. (-= ab. 2 Hmps.)
mark attenuated at both ends, it extends neither to the mediana, nor to the postmedian line.

Strd. The silver mark does not quite extend to the postmedian, (ab. 1 Hmps.)

P. accentifera Lef. (Vol. 3, p. 353, pi. 65 c). — atra Rocci. Forewings dark brown with bronze sheen, atm.
the silver mark consists of a minute streak. All other marks are quite extinct with the exception of the 2 brown

222

PLUSIDIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

satiata.

generosci.

taurica.

herrichi.

viridis.

shugnana.

florida.

limbirena.

iarassoia.

camptosema.

valdepallida.

amurensis.

apical and discal zones, that are more prominently dark. Hindwings brownish with wide dark premarginal
band. Bred from a larva from San Remo.

P. variabilis Piller (Vol. 3, p. 354, pi. 65 d, c). — satiata Dhl. is a dusky form with sooty olive-black-
brown ground colour. The pale markings at base, around the maculae and on costa are evanescent, only in
the transverse lines and in an oval oblique spot on costa, a little rose colour is retained. S. Tyrol.

P. generosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 354). We are able to give an illustration (23 g) of this pretty and rare species,
that has hitherto been repeatedly captured in the Taurus and also Lebanon districts.

P. consona F. (Vol. 3, p. 354, pi. 65 d). — taurica Osth. (23 g) is somewhat smaller and sleeker, with
paler colouration, the darker patches pale olive-brown. Renifonn stigma is absent, the double line in marginal
third does not extend to apex, but terminates at the upper edge of the dark marginal area and is more or less
extinct. Only the anal part of the whitish submarginal line is present. From Marash and Akshehir, occurring
from April to June.

P. herrichi Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 355, pi. 65 e). Nothing is mentioned in the Main Volume about the occur¬
rence of this species in S. France. Bellier had given the name uralensis Bell, nec Ev. (= bellieri Kirby ) to
the specimens. As there is a specimen (“e coll. Bartel") in t lie Sohn-Rethel collection, I made enquiries
and have received the following reply from Mr. Boursin: “At that time (1858?) Bellier found a number of
larvae near Larche (Basses Alpes) feeding on Aconitum anthora. From these, 7 specimens of a Plusia were
bred, which he described as uralensis and which Staudinger enumerated as synonymous with herrichi v. evers-
manni. 6 of these specimens are in the Oberthur collection, 1 in the Lucas collection." Later Oberthur gave
orders for all P. variabilis to be collected by Cotte in Digne and among a number of the latter, he found 1
specimen of uralensis Bell. Further specimens do not seem to have been captured there. The species appears to
also occur in the Urals and I have 1 specimen with label from that locality. The french specimens scarcely
differ from the asiatic herrichi, they are only slightly paler, the apex of wing rather more extended and the
margin therefore more oblique.

P. modesta Him. (Vol. 3, p. 355, pi. 65 e). We are able to give an illustration of the form — viridis Stgr.
(23 g). It is very questionable, whether this is only a subspecies, it would appear to be a genuine species.

P. inconspicua Him. (Vol. 3, p. 355, pi. 65 f). — shugnana Shelj. denotes a race from the West Pamirs
(Chorog), which is of much paler colouration, basal and outer areas and maculae pale buff, also the dark median
area is paler and at the same time wider. Hindwings fulvous, not black-brown. Transverse line and discal
spot pale but distinct. Underside monotonous yellowish, no dusky patches.

P. ni Him. (Vol. 3, p. 356, pi. 65 g). — florida Dhl. of milky white ground colour with pale silvery grey
markings, the latter very delicate. Hindwings whitish grey, grey at margin. From the central italian Chalk
mountains, from an altitude of 1800 — 2100 m.

S. limbirena Guen. (= gamma Roll., ? melanocephala Mschlr.) (23 h). Probably stretches into palae-
arctic territory both in north Arabia and in west China. It is marked similar to ni and should be classified after
this species (Vol. 3, p. 356, pi. 65 g). Ground colour is not grey -white, but more of a deep scarlet-brown with
mauve-grey tone. The silver mark is placed more horizontally. It can be immediately recognised by a renifonn
pale bright reddish spot in centre of marginal area. Hindwings darker than in ni.

P. tarassota Hmps. (23 h). Similar to the preceding. Forewings are more ochreous, suffused with golden
brown, especially in inner marginal half of central area and before the subterminal. The silver mark is separated,
the inner half is more “U” shaped and the outer part like a thick silver tear-shaped mark. There are black
dots in the 4 corners of the renifonn stigma. In marginal area the small reddish spot is absent. Hindwings
golden brown with white fringes. Wing expanse: 36 — 40 mm. Tins species, that is known from Sikkim and
Madras, also occurs in Japan. (In the Pungeler collection in the Berlin Museum).

P. camptosema limps. (23 li). Resembles conjusa most, but with the reddish colouration of jota, irrorated
with dark brown, dark red-brown below the cell, admixed with reddish yellow in submedian. The silver mark
as in conjusa. Reniform stigma finely ringed with silver. The double brown postmedian is interfilled with
ochreous, silvery white below vein 2. Hindwings ochreous reddish, darker at margin. Wing expanse: 42 mm.
This species, that was hitherto only known to occur in Kashmir, is also found in Japan, according to specimens
in the Pungeler collection.

5. Genus: IMusidia Btlr.

P. cheiranthi Tausch. (Vol. 3, p. 357, pi. 65 g). — valdepallida Strd. Forewings much paler and hind¬
wings whitish with only faint brown hue. amurensis Warn. The form from the Amur is larger and the rose-
reddish tone on forewings is absent.

CHRYSOPTERA; ABROSTOLA; EPISEMA; SCOLIOPTERYX; RAPHIA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

223

6. Genus : Chrysoptera Latr.

Ch. aureus 0. B.-H. should he classified after C. aureum Knock (Vol. 3, p. 357, pi. 65 h). Forewings are aureus.
unicoloured dark brown in basal and median areas. The antemedian almost extinct with a sharp point out¬
wardly below costa, then vertically and situate outwards over the inner margin. The postmedian extends from
just before the apex in a straight line to the outer third of inner margin. The area behind is brilliant metallic
golden. Wing expanse: 36- 38 mm. Tsekou (S. W. China).

7. Genus: Abrostola 0.

A. triplasia L. (Vcl. 3, p. 358, pi. 65 k). — The illustration of the form — Clarissa Stgr. (23 h) does not Clarissa.
belong here, but to asclepiadis Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 359, pi. 65 k).

A. canarierssis limps. (23 h). This smaller species was first classified as a form of tripartita (Vol. 3, p. 359, canarlensis.
pi. 65 k) but it is certainly a genuine species. It closely resembles the latter, but is much smaller, more brownish
in colour, admixed with pale reddish, especially in the lower half of the very heavy black postmedian, which
extends to the apex in a pale reddish oblique streak. Canary Islands.

8. Genus: Epl sent a Ocks.

This Genus is better known as Diloba Bsd. with the single species: caeruleocephala L. It was appended
to the Cymatophorids among the Bombyces in Vol. 2, p. 332 and Suppl. Vol. 2, p. 194, but the species does not
belong there at all. It is certainly a gemune Noctuid. Hampson classified it as an aberrative type of Phyto-
metrinae, where it can be quite well attached to the Abrostola species. From these it differs mainly by the atro¬
phied proboscis and ciliated eyes. The larva also is not so very dissimilar from that of an A. asclepiadis. The
Genus: Episema was denominated by Ochsenheimer in 1816. Treitschke designated caeruleocephala as
generic type in 1825, whilst Diloba was only established by Boisduval in 1840.

E. caeruleocephala L. (Vol. 2, p. 332, pi. 49 1). We are now illustrating the form — armena Stgr. (23 i) armena.
from a specimen from Marasli. It looks so entirely different, that it may perhaps claim the right to be a genuine
species. — infumata Schwing. denotes a very dusky form from the neighbourhood of Vienna, in which only infumata.
the stigmata remain yellowish. capnodes Did. from the S. Tyrol has also a dusky black-grey ground colour, capnodes.
but in this case also the stigmata are sooted over.

16. Subfamily: Noctumae.

4. Genus: Scoliopteryx Germ.

S. libatrix L. (Vol. 3, p. 361, pi. 52 n). The form - pallida Spul. does not occur exclusively in Turkestan, pallida.
but may also be found elsewhere. We are illustrating a pale yellowish form from Rome (23 i). — besti Osth. besti.
clearly denotes an aberrative specimen from Schleissheim, which probably resembles suffusa Tutt. Forewings
monotonous dark violet-grey with a reddish hue. White markings much reduced and suffused with grey. Trans¬
verse lines of forewing approximated and merging at inner margin.

4a. Genus: l&apliia Him.

This Genus was quite ommitted in Main Volume. It embraces a few species of compact structure. Palpi
short, apressed to frons, covered from above by a stout frontal crest. Proboscis developed. Thorax scaled,
with slight crest at rear. Abdomen with coarse hairs, with crest on first segments. Tibiae long and densely
haired. Antennae pectinated in <$, simple in 9. Forewings fairly wide with rounded apex. Vein 3 arises shortly
before the lower end, where 4 and 5 arise. Hindwings with bold vein 5 from below centre of disco-cellular ner-
vure, 3 and 4 close together, but not from one point, 6 and 7 on a very short stalk.

Type: R. hybris Him.

R. hybris Him. (23 i). Forewings speckled with black on whitish ground, pale ochreous tone in basal hybris.
area. A parallel blackish shade before the bold black antemedian. Stigmata are absent except for a few blackish
scales in place of the lower end of the reniform. The crenulate postmedian indistinctly double, the area behind
it with faintly yellowish tone. Subterminal line spotted blackish, faint short striations along the veins before
the checked fringes. Hindwings whitish, spotted with blackish at anal angle. Fringes faintly checked. S. France.

Spain, Algeria. — Ova whitish. — The stout larva is green, marked with red and white on the first segments,
a dark lateral streak behind the head. It feeds in summer on poplars and pupates in a cocoon in crevices in the

224

SYPNA ; POLYDESMA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

peusteria.

approxima-

1a.

aethiops.

erebina.

leucozona.

rubrizona.

striata.

bark of the stem. The imagines emerge in July and according to Ribbe already in June near Granada. In
Gibraltar there are 2 generations, the first in April, the second in August.

R. peusteria Pglr. (23 i) resembles hybris. Forewings blackish grey, admixed with yellowish at base,
with bold black semi-circular curved antemedian. The thin posterior transverse line dentate with an indistinct
median shade in front. A large pale yellowish patch in central area. No stigmata. A yellowish subterminal
line with darker inner edge is indicated. The dark fringes somewhat admixed with yellowish. Hindwings white,
a blackish spot at anal angle. Fringes dark grey with paler admixture. Crests on abdomen bolder than in liybris.
Pectinations of $ antennae somewhat longer. Kuku-Nor; a somewhat darker form occurs also at Sutshanski
Rudnik (collection of O. Bahg-Haas), of which we are illustrating a specimen.

R. approximata Alph. also most resembles hybris. Forewings are ashy grey, peppered with darker grey
and therefore markings are more indistinct. Basal area has a straighter outer edge. The posterior transverse
line is also straighter below the arc. The area between the two central transverse lines is dusted with grey-
white towards the costa. Hindwings darker with a distinct central shade. North Ferghana (Tashkent).

R. aethiops A. B.-H . (23 i) has black forewings, only faintly scaled with white in central area. Transverse
lines jet black, the anterior one being invisible at inner margin, forming an arc; the outer line crenidate and
with slight whitish edge towards the margin. Orbicular and reniform stigmata faintly circumscribed by black
and with whitish centres. A white dentate subterminal line is distinct. There is an interrupted black marginal
line. Fringes black partially admixed with whitish. Hindwings pure white, with blackish and nebulous whitish
patch at inner angle. Veins faintly blackish at margin, fringes black, partially admixed with white. Wing ex¬
panse: 29—34 mm. Algeria, January to May, from Lamoriciere and Magenta. Rothschild remarks regarding
hybris that “frequently melanic specimens occur” in Algeria, and these should possibly be classified here.

11. Genus: Sypiia Guen.

S. erebina Hmps. Head and thorax brown admixed with dark brown and grey. The crest on grey-
brown abdomen is somewhat whitish. Forewings olive-brown speckled with blackish with darker shadings
before the subterminal. Anterior transverse line dark with paler edges on both sides. In centre of cell a small
white spot with black edge. The narrow reniform stigma has an ochreous streak in centre and a yellowish edge
and is extended inwards on the mediana. An undulate line extends from there obliquely to the inner margin.
The dark postmedian is edged with white on both sides at costa, otherwise the edge is pale brown and it proceeds
backwards under vein 4 to reniform stigma. Subterminal black, extinct, the margin behind it slightly paler:
on margin black streaks that are white outwardly. The grey-brown hindwings have an indistinct postmedian
and double undulate subterminal. In many specimens the veins are dusted mauve-grey, transverse lines and
reniform stigma are edged with bluish white, in others the median area is white except for a costal patch. Wing
expanse: 58 — 64 mm. W. China (Nitou, Pu-tsu-fong, Ta-tsien-loo).

S. leucozona Hmps. Head and thorax pale fulvous, admixed with ochreous. Forewings ochre-brown
with mauve-grey tone in basal and postmedian areas. The double antemedian in intertilled with whitish. The
white very narrow median area is dusted with brown and has a red-brown costal spot. Orbicular stigma small,
white with brown edge. It is close to the white, narrow reniform that is extended outwardly at top and inwardly
below; it has a brown centre. The double postmedian is intertilled with white, it proceeds straight to the reni¬
form and from there to inner margin with a black suffusion posteriorly. The black subterminal is spotted in its
upper, dentate in its lower half. Hindwings pale grey-brown with traces of a postmedian and a double diffuse
subterminal that is filled with whitish on inner side. Wing expanse: 62 mm. W. China (Washan); also from
the Punjab.

S. rubrizona Hmps. Head and thorax dark brown, mixed with grey. Forewings dark chocolate brown,
dusted with mauve-grey in basal and postmedian areas. The double antemedian is intertilled with brown.
Median area brown, except for a patch on costa. Orbicular stigma small and with black circumscription. It is
close to the very narrow reniform that is elongated outwards at top and inwards beneath. The black postmedian
is edged at costa on both sides and then only outwards with brown, it proceeds straight to reniform stigma
and thence to inner margin. The black subterminal is marked as in the preceding species. Hindwings dark
brown with postmedian indicated, having an ochreous edge on both sides as far as the inner margin. A double
subterminal is intertilled with yellow-ochre. In many specimens the pale part of the median area is blue-white,
orbicular stigma with pure white core. Wing expanse: 62— 70 mm. China (Omei-shan. Chia-kou-ho, Ta-tsien-loo).

12. Genus: Polydesina Bsdv.

P. striata Herz is smaller than the somewhat similar P. mastrucata Fldr. Body grey-white, abdomen
almost white. Wings impure grey-white. Forewings somewhat darker, speckled with brown. The thin subbasal
is dark brown, the anterior transverse line at arises from a dark brown costal spot and extends from the brown

Publ. 9. X. 1936.

PANDESMA; APOPESTES; AUTOPHILA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

225

encircled orbicular stigma in a double line to the inner margin. Above the wide brown reniform stigma, there
is a blackish costal spot and posteriorly the crenulate outer transverse line, which is white with dark inner edge.

In place of subterminal line there are triangular black spots, tipped with white outwardly, forming a double
arc to inner margin. The marginal area beyond is dark brown, the black marginal line is interrupted by
white patches on veins. Hindwings are more uniformly whitish grey, traversed by 4 brown transverse lines,
the 2 outer lines are wider and more diffuse. Marginal line as on forewings. Corea.

13. Genus: Pamlesma

P. anysa Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 367, pi. 67 g). — distincta Eothsch. is smaller, the build is less compact, colour- distincta.
ation more unicoloured dark grey. Reported to occur in Algeria and Tunis, June to September.

20. Genus: Apopestes Hbn.

A. spectrum L. (Vol. 3, p. 370, pi. 68 a). — nigra ah. nov. (24 a) denominates a very nice deep black- nigra.
brown aberration, in which all markings are obscured by the sooty ground colour. From a perfect specimen
in the collection of Sohn-Rethel from Capri. — koreana Herz has a narrower wing contour and less pointed koreana.
apex. The marking of the bands is very faint, reniform stigma with black surround, not pale, narrower. The
white punctifonn marginal specks are absent. Underside darker and more glossy. Corea.

21. Genus: Autophila Hbn.

In this Genus one cannot avoid the impression that one page of Warren’s original manuscript may
have been omitted. On the one hand several species that have long been known and described, have been left
out and on the other, illustrations were given, which were not mentioned in the text. It is important that this
difficult Genus be subjected to a closer examination, especially also in regard to its relationship to the Genus
Dasythorax, which is certainly closely related.

A. cataphanes Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 371, pi. 68 c). In view of the great similarly of many of these species, cataphanes.
the illustration in Main Volume, is not sufficiently exact and we are giving here a better illustration of a specimen
from Capri (24 a). — roseata Rothsch. Here also we are illustrating a very typical specimen (24 a). — amianta roseata.
Schaw. denotes a specimen from Croatia, that is pale ochreous with barely indicated transverse lines, and that amiania-
on upper as well as undersides, is completely devoid of markings. — corsicosa Schaw. is a large form (35 — 40 mm) corsicosa.
with dark yellow-brown forewings with 3 black costal spots, transverse lines delicate but very distinct, the
subterminal line being more widely black especially at costa and inner margin, so that a spotted effect is created.

Reniform stigma black. Hindwings dark blackish yellow at base; posteriorly to the paler central band, the

wing is dark blackish. Corsica at an altitude of 1300 — 1400 m. - inconspicua Btlr. is illustrated in Main Volume inconspicua.

on pi. 68 d, but not mentioned in the text. It is larger and darker than ligaminosa and also praeligaminosa,

which is almost identical, but both of these are more greenish grey. From Japan and Corea. — caucasica Herz caucasica.

most closely resembles maculifera, it is a pale reddish grey form with black streaks before the outer margin;

caucasica is smaller and more daintily built and paler grey. It is a transition form to subligaminosa and is very

similar on the underside with a wide, black, sharply outlined outer marginal band, however it is still more

silkily glossy with a yellowish sheen. Caucasus.

A. limbata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 371, pi. 68 c). As the illustration of this very variable species is not perfectly limbata.
satisfactory, we are illustrating afresh here an armenian specimen (24 a), limbata has a very difficult group of
forms, which will one day have to be carefully checked. For instance, Amsel has ascertained that in — obscurata obscurata.
Stgr. from Djarkent, the genitalia are completely different, so that it must be deemed a genuine species. Super¬
ficially it looks almost exactly like draudti from Marash, described by Osthelder. This also shows a completely
different construction of the genitalia and was meanwhile classified with Dasythorax (vide p. 147 of this Supple¬
ment), although without a doubt, it is very closely related to the Autophila species. All those specimens from
Spain and Algeria, that have hitherto been designated as limbata, appear to be dilucida forms; limbata appears
to be a purely eastern species, that also occurs in Palestine and Syria. The original specimens ex collection
Lederer from “Grusia” (Caucasus) have been submitted to me. — luxuriosa Zerny ( = einsleri Amsel) (24 a) luxuriosa.
is a limbata form with paler, almost golden yellow ground colour and intensively black and heavy markings,
so that the very dentate lines are especially prominent. This is certainly a limbata form, as all grades of transition
are found. The form luxuriosa seems to be the only form occurring in Palestine. Lebanon. Bang-Haas advises
that similar specimens are to be found at Hadjiabad and Hyrkania. — parnassicola ssp. n. is the name I give parnassi-
to a form submitted to me by Bang-Haas ex the collection of Staudinger and which was obtained by Kruper
in Greece (Parnassus); the wings are remarkably wide, dull ochreous grey, less glossy, more evenly speckled
with dark dusting, very pale dull grey markings. Marginal area barely darker, the sharply intruding dentations
of the inner subterminal shade are completely absent, otherwise everything as in typical specimens. Perhaps
this is a separate species.

Supplementary Volume 3

29

226

AUTOPHILA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

libanotica.

depressa.

lia.

praeclara.

argenteci.

sub fusca.

cereal is.

rosea.

amseli.

vespertal is.

A. libanotica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 371). According to Zerny this is certainly a genuine species, hut the
diagnosis given by Warren in the Main Volume, is not applicable to it. Forewings bright pale rusty yellow
differing in consequence in a striking way from all other Autophila species. Hitherto only known to occur in
the Lebanon district — the specimens alleged to have been obtained in Algeria and Morocco and described
as libanotica have nothing in common with this species.

A. depressa Pglr. (24 b) is not so wide in the whig as cataphanes. Forewings ashen grey, transverse
lines diffuse, wide, the antemedian is fairly straight, interrupted, approximating closely to the posterior trans¬
verse line at inner margin; the latter line is of the customary form, slightly dentate at top, bending sharply
inwards beloiv the cell and then proceeding almost straight to inner margin. Central shade wide, diffuse, almost
completely covering the reniform stigma. Marginal area somewhat darker and without a distinct submarginal
line. Fringes long with yellowish basal line. Hindwings ashen grey, scarcely paler at base, no paler central
band. Underside yellow-grey, no discal spots, with very diffuse arched line and dark marginal band. It is very
similar to and apparently closely related to the much darker Dasythorax draudti Osth. Askhabad.

A. lia Pglr. (24 b). Closely resembles the preceding species, but is much larger. Forewings yellowish
grey with ashen grey markings. The antemedian is more dentate and somewhat oblique. The central shade
is wide, straight and diffuse. The postmedian is marked as in the other species. Reniform stigma is a dark
angulated spot, both the other stigmata are absent. A faint yellowish crenulate subterminal line in the grey
marginal area. Fringes yellow-grey with yellow basal line. Hindwings yellow grey, paler towards the base,
with faint discal spot reflected through and yellowish fringes spotted with grey. From E. Turkestan (Aksu;
Korla). It cannot be mistaken for any other species owing to its much greater size.

A. dilucida Him. (Vol. 3, p. 371. pi. 68 d). — - praeclara Schaw. The dark blackish grey marginal area
is missing and therefore the specimens appear much paler, more uniformly greyish yellow7 with rudimentary
transverse lines and central shade. From Herzegovina. — argerstea Car. (24 b) is a pretty whitish silvery grey
form, with almost whitish body. Markings faint and with delicate transverse lines, but bold blackish marginal
baud and distinct pale subterminal line therein. Rumania (Silver coast).

A. subfusca Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 371). This was classified in Main Volume as a form of dilucida, but it is
certainly a genuine species, that is not connected with dilucida. Osthelder was the first to propound this
and x4msel has illustrated the genitalia showing the great divergence from dilucida. Warren’s diagnosis seems
to be incorrect. According to Christoph's description this is a pale ochreous species, marked in the same way
as the others with very wide dark marginal band, but without a distinct subterminal line. Its general structure
is much smaller and more dainty than dilucida. Hindwings with extinct central and marginal bands. The
originals, $$ were described from Germob, Tekke and Ordubad. Osthelder mentions an identical specimen
from Sumbar, Transcaspia, in the collection of Steger, which is probably the specimen that Amsel has been
able to examine. We are illustrating a specimen that Korb brought back from an expedition to Konia, Anatolia,
and which must undoubtedly be classified here (24 b).

A. cerealis Stgr. was omitted from text in Main Volume, but illustrated on pi. 68 d. As this illustration
was unsatisfactory, we are giving a better picture here (24 c). This is a variable, small and relatively narrow
winged species. Ground colour reddish, yellowish or pale ashen grey, with dark dusting. The wide but some¬
what indistinct transverse lines are formed as in the other species, all originating from bold black costal dots.
The central shade is more exactly in the middle between the two transverse lines, forming an almost acute
angle towards the reniform stigma. Orbicular stigma is a dark dot, reniform a small crescent. Marginal area
is dusky with a pale, boldly dentate subterminal line, that has a very dark inner edge. The pale grey hindwings
are faintly but widely dark towards the margin. Fringes whitish. Syria, Palestine, Pontus (Mardin), Erivan,
Tura, Thian shan. The type emanates from Damascus and Bang-Haas was kind enough to submit it to me
for examination. — rosea Rotlisch. According to its author this is the reddish form from Algeria and Tunis
and the genitalia are identical with those of cerealis.

A. amseli sp. n. (24 c) is so similar to the preceding that it can be mistaken for it. Amsel first showed
that it varied considerably in the genitalia. On an average it is somewhat smaller, structure is more dainty,
it is more thinly scaled. Apex of forewings is slightly more rounded and the wings are rather wider. Trans¬
verse markings more delicate, subterminal line less prominent and distinct. From Taurus (Marash) and also
from Akshehir. Bang-Haas has sent me a similar specimen from Shahkuh (Persia).

A. vespertalis Stgr. (24 c) was also omitted from Main Volume. I have before me the original specimens
kindly lent me by Mr. 0. Bang-Haas. Shape of the wings is as in cerealis, but apex of forewings is more
protracted. The wings are oily glossy impure sandy grey with very obsolete darker transverse markings, the
most distinct of which is the boldly dentate antemedian and the narrow crescentiform dark reniform stigma:
it has a paler surround and is larger and longer than in any other species. A paler subterminal line is rather
indistinct. Fringes pale yellow-grey. Hindwings very glossy, pale yellow-grey, faintly darkened before the
outer margin, as in dilucida. The grey-yellow underside is still more glossy and quite devoid of markings, faintly
darker at margin. Antennae remarkably long, 4/5 ths of length of forewings with fairly long pectinations as

CRYPSOTIDIA; TOXOCAMPA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

227

in Dasythorax Jiirsuta. Abdomen very sleek and thin. Wing expanse: 36 — 41 mm. Uliassutai, also from Aksu,
the specimens from the latter locality rather more boldly marked.

A. gracilis Stcjr. was illustrated in Main Volume on pi. 68 d, but omitted from text. It belongs in the gracilis.
same group, but has rather wider wing contour. Darker than cerealis, very characteristic by the regularly
spotted black and white costa, which consists of 9 white and 9 black spots. Otherwise forewings pale reddish
yellow-grey, densely peppered with blackish. Antemedian is interrupted, it is formed of a costal spot, a spot
below the cell and an angulated hook with its point towards the margin and which is placed on the inner margin.

A few black scales indicate a punctifonn orbicular stigma. Reniform is a small black lunule filled with white
or ochreous redish. The posterior, boldly dentate transverse line is as in the other species, proceeding inwards
towards the reniform stigma on vein 3, projecting outwards acutely on submedian fold and again under vein
1, where it has a pale outer edge. Subterminal line is boldly and irregularly dentate, it has a heavy dark inner
shade and forms quadrate projections between veins 6 and 7, 3 and 4 and again at anal angle; it also has a
pale outer outline. Bold black marginal spots tipped with white outwardly. Fringes yellowish grey-white,
slightly darker at base and with faint checks. Hindwings grey-brown with white fringes, indistinct central shade,
widely dark at margin. Underside whitish with bright silvery sheen, costa of forewings regularly marked with
black and white on costa, wings widely darkened with grey-brown at margin. Fringes grey-yellow, intersper¬
sed with blackish. Hindwings flecked with grey-brown also towards costa. F'ringes more whitish than on fore¬
wings, with faint yellowish basal line. From Transcaspia: Aksu, Lob-Nor, Kashgar. As the illustration was
unsatisfactory, we are giving a fresh picture here (24 c).

21 a. Genus : Ci\ypsoti<li» Rothsch.

Contour of wings about the same as in the latter species of the preceding Genus. Proboscis developed;
antennae simple, shortly c-iliate in <$, palpi coarsely hairy and down turned, with short terminal segment. On
underside at base of forewings, a tuft of hair with a similar tuft at inner marginal base of hindwings. Cell of
forewings elongate, veins 3, 4 and 5 arising close together. On hindwings 6 and 7 stalked. Hampsost classified
these next to Eccrita in the Catocalinae. Only 1 species:

C. maculifera Stgr. (=- wollastoni Rothsch.) (24 b). This species was not mentioned in Main Volume, maculifera.
Forewings pale reddish yellow, peppered with blackish. Subbasal distinct and dark. Only a costal spot and
vestiges of an anterior transverse line are present, but there is a large deep black-brown spot attached to it
on inner margin and which has a slightly pale outer outline. The outer transverse line is formed in quite the
same way as in Autophila species, it reverts inwards to before the small dark reniform stigma. Marginal area
is more heavily darkened with distinct pale subterminal line, sharply distinct whitish dots on margin. Hind-
wings impure white, dusky towards margin. The species was first described as Hydrilla, but it belongs in closest
proximity to the Autophila species. Palestine, Egypt to the Soudan.

24. Genus : Toxocampa Guen.

T . glycirrhizae Rrnbr. (Vol. 3, p. 372, pi. 68 e). — alfacaria Ribbe denotes specimens with paler colour- alfacaria.
ation, the mark on disco-cellular of forewings is absent. Sierra de Alfacar. Perhaps the name denotes the same
form as mentioned in Main Volume, as having the pale olive obscure reniform stigma.

T. craccae F. (Vol. 3, p. 373, pi. 68 f). — perstrigata Rbl. from Transylvania is more grey than brownish; perstrigata.
it has very prominent transverse stripes. - caliginosa Schaw. from Corsica (Col de Vizzavona) is much darker caliginosa.
than typical specimens, especially the forewings are dark bluish grey in basal and median areas, the veins appear
faintly paler. Hindwings and undersides are deep dusky blackish. — plumbea Bankes from England is still piumbea.
darker, the wings are almost leaden black.

T. moellersdorfi Herz has narrow and more elongated forewings than lusoria, which it otherwise closely modlendorfi.
resembles. The reniform stigma also has a dark centre, but it is not so wide at its lower end, whilst on the
other hand it extends upwards in a streak to the costa. The outer marginal third of the whig is dusky brown
and veins have no whitish scales. Hindwings grey -black, somewhat paler at base. Wing expanse : 36 — 38 mm. Corea.

T. stigmata Wilem. Forewings grey with faint violet tinge, peppered with brownish and with brown stigmata.
lines and reniform stigma. The anterior transverse line is almost straight, diffusing towards inner margin.

The posterior transverse line expands towards costa. Between the two, an undulate central line, that becomes
diffuse below reniform stigma. Outer margin faintly sinuate. On margin in interstices between veins, black
dots, with white inner edges to the upper ones. Hindwings grey -brown. Wing expanse: 44 mm. Hakodate,

Yezzo, Japan.

T. ichmosawana Mats. (24 c) should be classified after recta Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 374, pi. 68 g, li). It closely ichinosawa-
resembles the latter. The antemedian of forewings is much closer to base, the central line is expanded, bending

na.

228

CATEPHIA; ANOPHIA; THERMESIA; CALPE. By Dr. M. Dbatjdt.

decolor.

innocens.

vulcanea.

uniformis.

minor.

stygia.

albomacula.

arefacta.

messrae.

elegans.

centralitali-

ca.

alb ivir gala

outwards on the submedian fold and extending to the second third of inner margin. Postmedian is quite absent,
subterminal line widely dark at costa. Scapulae are white and very striking. Wing expanse: 40 mm. South
Saghalin.

T. decolor A. B.-Haas seems to be most like limosa (Vol. 3, p. 374, pi. 68 g). It is a small and insigni¬
ficant species. Forewings pale oclireous, merging into grey, speckled with blackish on costa. Reniform stigma
only very faintly indicated. Transverse lines and stigmata are barely discernible. On margin faintly darker lunules.
Fringes with paler dividing line. Forewings fairly narrow at outer margin. Head, thorax and scapulae yellowish
grey, speckled with whitish, collar barely darker than forewings. Hindwings grey -yellowish, slightly darker at
margin. Wing expanse: 34 mm. Described from a pair from Yarkend (Mustagata).

T. inruocens Krul. is possibly a form of lubrica Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 373, pi. 68 f). Forewings dark grey on
upperside with faint violet sheen. Two black spots on costa. Reniform stigma brownish black with dark dots
outwardly, as in viciae. A black-brown subterminal shade as in pastinum, somewhat more distinct at costa.
Margin without any black dots. Fringes grey with scarcely distinguishable dividing line. Hindwings grey,
paler at base and inner margin. A yellowish marginal line before the grey fringes. Body and legs, vertex and
collar velvety black. Urshun.

T. vulcanea Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 374). According to Filip jev this species also occurs in the S. Ussuri territory.

28. Genus: C'atcpliia 0.

C. alchymista Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 376, pi. 68 i). — uniformis A. B.-H. has quite unicoloured black fore¬
wings, also the usually brownish reniform and marginal areas, are deep black. Underside is also darker, the
white spot at anal angle is smaller, the fringes almost unicoloured black. Tunis (Ain Draham). — minor Hartig
is the much smaller second generation from the Sarca valley, occurring at end of September.

C. stygia Hamps. Head and thorax black -brown with a few white scales. Fore wings black-brown,
somewhat dusted with grey with black transverse lines, the anterior one obliquely to mediana, the posterior
line incurved on discal fold. Large claviform stigma is black, the upper stigmata black with slight white sur¬
rounds, some white dots on outer edge of reniform stigma, the dark sinuate subterminal very indistinct. Hind¬
wings white, brownish at inner margin, marginal area widely dark brown, base of fringes white. Wing expanse:
32 mm. W. China. Chiao-pinse.

29. Genus: Aiiopliia Guen.

A. albomacula Braes. (25 g). This resembles leucomelas L. (Vol. 3, p. 376, pi. 68 i). On forewings the
outer white markings of reniform stigma are much more prominent and occasionally there is a triangular pure
white spot behind claviform stigma between veins 1 and 2, which can sometimes however also be diffuse. On
hindwings the subapical and submedian white areas are absent. Szechuan (Omei-hsien, Kuan-hsien).

41. Genus: Thermesia Hbn.

T. arefacta Swinh. Of this species, that occurs only in the indian territory, a form — messrae Stgr.
(24 d) occurs in Palestine. Forewings oclireous to buff brownish with grey transverse lines, that expand to
wide bands posterior to centre and in marginal areas, the anterior line has a pale outline outwardly. The lines
in basal area are indistinct and obsolete. Both cell stigmata are punctiform, the reniform is usually somewhat
larger with pale centre. In marginal area there are two delicate dentate lines with an intermediate row of dots.
Hindwings yellowish or whitish grey, impure oclireous in marginal area, frequently with a double dark band
therein. In inner marginal area there are traces of the commencements of 3 — 4 transverse lines and a dark spot
near base. From the Messra peninsular and in the valley of the Jordan. elegans Stgr. is a paler yellowish
form with still fewer markings and extinct transverse lines. There are however all grades of transition between
the one and other of these forms. South Palestine.

46. Genus: Calpe Tr.

C. capucina Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 382, pi. 70 a). — centralitalica DM. is a very large pale yellow form without
the olive brownish tone. The larva is very different from the usual green larva with a few black spots. It is
greenish white or completely white with wide black longitudinal bands and rows of dots. Central Italy (around
Sulmona in the neighbournood of the Alban and Nemi lakes).

C. albivirgata Hamps. Head and thorax brown admixed with white. Frons streaked with white, collar
with white and anteriorly brown line. Forewings brown, suffused with silvery grey and striated with white. A
fine white streak below costa to beyond centre. Subbasally obsolete oblique stripes before and in the centre. An
oblique brown streak at disco-cellular with black spots at both angles of cell, the veins posteriorly darkly streaked.
From apex to beyond centre of inner margin there is an oblique brown line with fuscous outer edge. Behind it

ACANTHOLIPES ; ANUMETA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

229

there is an oblique shade from vein 2 to inner margin with a second similar shade from vein 6 to anal angle.
Hindwings brown with faint postmedian and subterminal shades. Wing expanse: 64 mm. Japan (Yokohama);
W. China (Omei-slian).

51. Genus: Acantliolipes Led.

A. regularis Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 385, pi. 70 b). - hilaris Schaw. (24 d) denotes a very pale unicoloured buff
form having no contrasting black or yellow markings. From Aksu and also from Askhabad.

57. Genus: Aiiiimeta Wkr.

A. atrosignata WJcr. (Vol. 3, p. 387, pi. 70 c). According to Rothschild atrosignata together with sjrilota
Ersch., henkei Stgr., and harterti Rothsch. (Vol. 3, p. 388) are all forms of one variable species, which is very likely
the case. The last named form is the one illustrated on pi. 70 d of Main Volume. The description, however, that
Warren gave refers to another form, described by Rothschild as major. — harterti differs very little from atro¬
signata and is only a subspecies occurring in Algeria. Generally it is somewhat smaller on an average, the space
up to the postmedian is somewhat darker brown. The postmedian itself is not undulate. Hindwings somewhat
more yellowish. It occurs from February to May.

A. major Rotlisch. As remarked in the preceding species, this is another, much larger species, to which
the description under harterti is applicable (Vol. 3, p. 388), but not the illustration on pi. 70 d. The black spot
in hindwings stands free in the white patch and this is characteristic of major, whilst in the illustration it merges,
like in spatzi, with the brown shaded band.

A. spatzi Rothsch. Head, thorax and abdomen are pale reddish-yellow-white in contrast to the brown
and grey head and thorax and yellow-white abdomen of major. Forewings reddish sandy grey with 2 stripes
on costa, a wide stripe from base to cell end along the mediana and a broad deeply dentate postdiscal pale brown
band with reddish white outer outline. Black subapical spot and a marginal row of black cuneiform marks.
Hindwings white, widely grey brown at margin with a white subterminal spot having an oval or quadrangular
black spot therein. The $ is darker and more distinctly marked. Wing expanse: 45 — 48 mm. Algeria, April
and May.

A. azelikoula Dumont (24 d) is very close to harterti, but paler and with more variegated colouration.
The cuneiform subterminal spots are absent. Subterminal line is interrupted and not so regularly undulate.
Thorax fuscous, abdomen paler. Forewings reddish ochreous, peppered with black. A black longitudinal streak
through the cell conjoins both transverse lines. The anterior line is twice acutely angulated. Posterior to the
pale or whitish subterminal line there is a fine, undulate black marginal line and before it minute black marginal
dots tipped with white. Reniform stigma is black brown and from it an obsolete central shade extends to inner
margin. The postmedian area is paler. At apex there is a black spot intersected by vein 8, that is paler. Hind¬
wings white with 2 brownish transverse shades and a black marginal line, anterior to which is a round velvety
black spot. The larva is yellow with white mottlings and violet-red bands, lines and spots. It feeds on “Azel ”,
the arabic name for the food plant. Wing expanse c? 31, $ 38 mm. El Golea, Biskra.

A. cestis Men. (Vol. 3, p. 388, pi. 70 e). The typical cestis is purely a desert species and occurs in the
sand dunes of the Sahara. The algerian form — parvimacula Rothsch. is less robustly built, in large series
the markings appear to be slightly different and the dark spots on hindwings are smaller and generally sub¬
divided into 3. In south Oran the dark form uniformis Warr. also occurs.

A. comosa Dumont closely resembles A. cestis, but is smaller. Forewings reddish grey, peppered with
brown with dentate black antemedian and brown postmedian with whitish outer outline. Subterminal line only
distinct between vein 4 and inner margin and there it is edged outwardly by a brilliant whitish ochre. Marginal
line is formed of black interneural lunules. Fulvous fringes are checked with brown between the veins. Hind¬
wings ochreous whitish with a wide brown subterminal band, that is darker in centre and expands towards the
outer margin. The marginal line consists of dots, in cestis of cuneiform marks. Algeria (Biskra; el Golea). From
March to May and in October.

A. surcoufi Dumont. Body yellow-white, forewings of the same shade, peppered with brown. Transverse
lines are only indicated and originate from black-brown costal dots, the posterior line from a brownish spot.
Reniform stigma slightly darker ochre, only faintly indicated. The brownish subterminal line is obsolete, apex
rather duskier. A quadrangular black subterminal spot and a black-brown apical spot before the undulate
brown marginal line, that is marked with black between the veins. Hindwings white with faint yellowish hue;
a pear-shaped black spot intersected by the brown central band is situate between veins 2 and 5. The $ is in¬
clined to reddish ochre. Sahara (Hadadra, Saadana, el Golea). September and Oktober.

A. hilgerti Rothsch. (Vol. 3, p. 389, pi. 70 f). The illustration wras not good and we are giving a better
one of a $ here (24 c).

hilaris.

atrosignata.

harterti.

major.

spatzi.

azelikoula.

cestis.

parvimacula.

comosa.

surcoufi.

hilgerti.

flexuosa.

albofasciata.

pamira.

habibazel.

clarior.

baigakumen-

sis.

a list era.

herzi.

angustifas-

ciata.

kusnezovi.

judaica.

230 ALEUCANITIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

58. Genus: Aleucanitis Warr.

Hampson gives the older name: Sysieda Gn. for this Genus and this is presumably correct. It contains
a number of north american species.

A. flexuosa Men. (Vol. 3, p. 389, pi. 70 g). A very pale yellowish grey specimen, that would seem to
correspond to singularis Roll., is before me from Cairo and therefore the species also occurs in north-eastern
Africa. The specimen is illustrated (24 d). The occurrence there, is not so very surprising, as the species occurs
in Palestine.

A. albofasciata John is most closely related to flexuosa and sinuosa, but can be easily differentiated from
both by the pure white colour of the central band. Head and thorax white, scapulae and collar brown, abdomen
and underside whitish. Pore wings umbra-brown with the usual central band in pure white or cream colour
and with a similar apical spot. The inner transverse band with faintly and evenly undulate edges. The outer
edge of the central band is obtusely angulated, the inner edge is straight. Subterminal line absent. Hind wings
white with wide black transverse band and a black spot in outer angle and 2 black striations on veins. S. E.
Persia (Mekran); Beluchistan in February.

A. pamira John resembles cailino, but is larger. Basal lines bend inwards at inner margin. Basal area
unicoloured grey with darker shadings. The grey central band is constricted above inner margin; the area
between it and the subterminal line is grey -brown with distinct sagittate marks. Subterminal line boldly undul¬
ate and very prominent and distinct. Hindwings with brownish tone, veins and discal lunule duskily dusted,
the outer transverse band dull brown with more or less obsolete submarginal band. The cilia of the antennae
are somewhat longer than the diameter of the shafts. Length of forewings: 19 — 20 mm. Pamirs in June and July.

A. habibazel Dumont (24 d) resembles Drasteria oranensis Rothsch. Head and thorax pale yellow-reddish,
abdomen more whitish. Foiewings rusty yellowish, speckled with brown and black, with large white reniform
stigma having a brown surround. Basal area darker, edged outwardly by the double black antemedian line.
Central area traversed by 2 parallel brown lines. The postmedian line arises at % of costa from a long black
spot, circumscribes the reniform stigma and proceeds almost vertically to inner margin. The subterminal line
also originates at a black preapical spot and has black sagittate marks anteriorly on veins 5 — 8. Hindwings white
with wide black marginal band containing 3 yellow-white small spots. Tozeur (Tunis) in September. The grey
larva has reddish lateral spots over the dorsum and blackish subdorsal line with white ventral colour dotted
with reddish. It feeds on Caligonum comosum and hides in the earth by day, in May.

A. cailino Lef. (Vol. 3, p. 391, pi. 70 i). A very pale form has repeatedly been captured in Asia Minor
(Marash and Akshehir) with very wide, almost whitish central band. Also the hindwings are much purer white
and the marginal black thereby much reduced, but a deeper and purer black. I denominate this form — clarior
f. n. (24 d). baigakumensis John is smaller than the european form, otherwise markings and colouration are
the same. The marginal area is slightly narrower than in cailino cailino , the subbasal is closer to base and is
angulated twice at a rightangle. Hindwings with wider, deeper black outer band, the white anal spot being
much smaller. Length of forewings: 15- 16 mm. Turkestan, Syr Darja; Ferghana (Namangan).

A. austera John outwardly resembles L. picta and chinensis , but is an Aleucanitis as the tibiae have
no spurs. It differs from chinensis by the less uniform colouration, by unicoloured bands with barely discernible
lines therein, by the central band that projects less outwardly. Hindwings are more of a brownish tone with
duller transverse band, no white apical spot, and a more yellowish underside. Head and thorax are yellow,
admixed with brown, abdomen grey -brown. Forewings are relatively elongate and narrow, dull brown with
the same markings as the picta group, the central band is very wide, not contracting towards the inner margin.
It is somewhat paler than the ground, the outer edge is straight, the inner edge is faintly arched each side of the
mecliana. Hindwings as in picta and chinensis with dull transverse band and conjoined lunular marks. The
spots on outer margin are very small and isolated, the inner marginal half is shaded with brown. Wing expanse:
31 mm. Persia and Beluchistan.

A. herzi Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 391). We are now able to give an illustration (24 e) of a specimen from Aresli.
angustifasciata Amsel are smaller specimens (33 — 35 mm) of paler colouration and less developed black marg¬
inal band to hindwings and black band on underside of the wings. Palestine.

A. kusnezovi John (not Johns) (Vol. 3, p. 391). Here also we are giving an illustration (24 e) of a typical
specimen from Baigakum (Syr Darja).

A„ judaica Hmps. (24 h). Head and thorax are yellowish white, admixed with fuscous, collar is streaked
with brown, palpi with 2 lateral brown spots. Forewings yellowish white, suffused with red-brown anterior
to antemedian and postmedian, also in central area behind the cell. Marginal area is dusted with bluish grey.
Antemedian is double, the inner line faint and brown, the outer line black, angulated inwards on vein 1. The
brownish reniform stigma has a black surround, narrow on top, expanding somewhat below. Postmedian is
black and angulated outwardly on veins 6, 4 and 3, then bending backwards in an arc directed downwards to

ARMADA; IMITATOR; ACROBYLA; LASPEYRIA; COLOBOCHYLA. Von Dr. M. Draudt.

231

below the reniform stigma and from there bulging obliquely to inner margin. Posteriorly there is a faint brown
line. The subterminal is white with blackish dentations inwardly, with brown outer outline from costa to vein
4 and obliquely to apex. Hindwings white, brownish in anal area with brown discal streak and veins posterior
to lower angle of ceil. A wide black-brown subterminal band, that projects subapically and between veins 4
and 2 to the margin. Palestine (Jerusalem). Tins rare species can easily be mistaken for nezovi, or cailino and
is thus perhaps frequently overlooked.

A. sesquiiina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 392). An illustration is given of a specimen from Aksu (24 e). scsquilina.

A. sculpta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 392). A specimen from the Pungeler collection is now illustrated (24 e). sculpta.

A. aksuana Pglr. (Vol. 3. p. 393). An illustration is now given of a specimen in the Pungeler oollec- alamana.
tion (24 e).

59. Genus: Armada % .

A. panaceorum Men. (Vol. 3, p. 393, pi. 70 k, 1). — distincta Rothsch. is much paler than the typical form dixtincta.
and the markings of forewings are more distinct. The white spot in black band of hindwings is also much larger.

Between El Arish and Oued Nga (Algeria) in April.

A. dentata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 393, pi. 70 1). — nilotica A. B.-H. in contrast to the typical ochreous specimens, nilotica.
has brilliant pure white ground colouration, so that a similarity to huebneri is created. It does not vary other¬
wise either in markings or size. Cairo.

A. eremophila Rbl. (Vol. 3, p. 394). The illustration and description do not refer to this species, which eremophila.
more closely resembles a small Aedia funesta, but to the following species. Dr. Zerny has been kind enough
to draw my attention to this. According to him the following are synonymous with eremophila : lacroixi I). Luc.
and costiplaga Warr. (Vol. 3, p 397, pi. 74 c). We are now giving an illustration of a specimen from Meadi (24 e).

According to Zerny the Genus Metoponrhis (Vol. 3, p. 396) cannot be justified and the species should be classi¬
fied with Armada.

A. afghana Pimps. (= eremophila Warr. nec Rbl.). This is the species described and illustrated as eremo- afghana.
phila in Vol. 3, p. 394, pi. 70 1. The type from Afghanistan (Safed Kuh) is in the collection of Lord Rothschild.

The species however may also occur on palaearctic territory.

A. turcorum Zerny is smaller than albirena Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 396, as “ Metoponrhis”) with much paler turcorum.
ground colour, the pale discal spot is more precisely circular, the transverse lines less sharply dentate. Hind¬
wings much paler at base, darker towards the margin. The transverse line is less distinct and further removed
from margin. Length of forewings: 10 mm. Described from Haifa, but also occurring on the dunes around
Tel Aviv in March and April.

64. Genus: Imitator Alph.

1. ciliaria Men. (Vol. 3, p. 396). The reference to pi. 74 a was incorrect, as the .species was not illustrated, ciliaria.
This is being done now (24 f).

I. palpangularis Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 396). The species is not named iipalpangularia” . An illustration is now palpangula-
given (24 f). It is very close to the preceding species, but has narrower and more pointed forewings. These
are also more heavily admixed with white and have more distinct markings and more boldly dentate lines.

The name was omitted from the List of Palaearctic Noctuae with reference to ori¬
ginal descriptions. The reference is Iris 14, p. 178, pi. 3, fig. 12.

67. Genus: Acrobyla Rbl.

A. ksieuckeri Rbl. (Vol. 3, p. 397, pi. 75 1). The name for this species was incorrectly given as ‘ 'kuenckeri ” kneuckeri.
in Main Volume. Besides the reference to plate was omitted. It is close to Metopoceras canteneri Dup. both
genetically and specifically. In consequence of the origin of the bold vein 5 of hindwings below the centre it is
certainly a Noctuinae and in all probability should be classified here, vide p. 126, pi. 16 f of this Supplement.

69. Genus: Laspeyrla Germ.

L. flexula Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 398, pi. 71 b). — albina Wehrli is pale yellowish white on forewings with dlbina:
distinct markings. Also the underside is paler with very clear marginal dots. Described from Switzerland.

70. Genus: Coloboebyla Him.

C. inquinata Led. (Vol. 3, p. 398, pi. 74 a). This is not a Noctuinae , but certainly an Erastrianae, according inquinata.
to Zerny. He has created for it the Genus: — Tephrochares Zerny , which should be classified next to the Genus
Cerynea Wkr. Its characteristics are the well developed proboscis, the palpi which extend obliquely upwards
far over the frons and the densely scaled frons. $ antennae are ciliate, thorax without tuft and broadly scaled.

On forewings vein 6 arises below the upper angle of cell, areola is present. On the widely rounded hindwings.

232

PARASCOTIA; EPIZEUXIS; PROTHYMNIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

magna.

deter sa.

robiginosa.

nisseni.

nigricans.

pokornyi.

plaisanti.

lunulata.

purpurina.

hoffmanni.

faecata.

lutalgira.

aurantiacus.

tuna.

veins 3 and 4 are with short stalks, 5 is fully developed, 6 and 7 arise from one point. According to the classi¬
fication of the Main Volume, it should be placed before the Genus: Oruza Wkr. as 13 b (Vol. 3, p. 271). The
illustration in Main Volume has no resemblance at all and we are therefore illustrating the species afresh (24 f).
Zerny captured a few specimens in the Lebanon (Becharre), at the end of June and early July. I have also
received some from the Amanus mountains.

71. Genus: Parascotia Him.

P. fuliginaria L. (Vol. 3, p. 399, pi. 71 b). — magna Dioszeghy is a very large form (28 mm) with yellow¬
ish white wings, the forewings densely dusky at costa and sparsely dusted from base to posterior transverse
line. Marginal area to subterminal shade devoid of dusting except for the veins and the margin itself. Hind-
wings coarsely and densely dusted with very distinct marginal line and pronouncedly checked fringes. From
the southern Carpathians (Retyezat mountains).

P. detersa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 399, pi. 74 b). The illustration was unsatisfactory and we are giving a better
one here (24 f).

P. robiginosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 399, pi. 74 c). The illustration is also unrecognisable. We are illustrating
a specimen from Akshehir (24 f). »

P. nysseni Trti. (Vol. 3, p. 399, pi. 71 c). The name should be “nisseni“.

P. nigricans Mats, is said to resemble the black form carbonaria Esp. of fuliginaria, but perhaps it should
be placed in a new Genus, as the antennae are not serrate, but simple and ciliate. Wings black, posterior and
subterminal lines indistinct, much more widely separated from one another than in fuliginaria, the latter line
is disintegrated into numerous small dots. The two bands of hindwings are also barely discernible. Underside
dark grey, central area of forewings duskily suffused, a yellow spot in centre of costa, posterior to this a row
of yellowish dots with black discal streak. Hindwings with paler arched band in centre, that has a darker inner
edge. There is a paler subterminal band. The black legs are yellow inwardly. Wing expanse: 24 — 28 mm.
S. Saghalin. End of July.

72. Genus: Pjiizcuxis Him.

E. calvaria F. (Vol. 3, p. 400, pi. 71 c). — pokornyi Sterneck has monotonous brown forewings devoid
of black and white markings, and no ochreous stigmata. Described from Czecho-Slovakia. — plaisanti Schaw.
are dusky specimens, in which the basal, postmedian and subterminal blackish dentate lines are merged in the
black ground colour. Also the white edgings of the transverse lines are absent except for 2 white costal spots.
Stigmata ochreous. From Corsica.

E. lunulata Herz resembles curvipalpis Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 400, pi. 74 b), but it has a more pointed wing
contour and more oblique margin. Reniform stigma is still smaller, crescentiform, with yellow centre. Orbicular
stigma is only a yellow dot. Colour dark brown, no faint purplish reflection, the whitish dentate marginal only
distinct in its upper half. The whitish central band commences above the reniform stigma, then very dentate,
dark brown to inner margin. Hindwings brown with 3 slightly undulate transverse bands. Wing expanse: 23 to
25 mm. Corea.

73. Genus: Pro thy mill si Hbn.

P. viridaria Cl. (Vol. 3, p. 400, pi. 71 d). — purpurina Vorbr. has red colour extended right to base.
Described from a specimen from Zurich. — hoffmanni Stdr. Base of forewings buff, the outer part from central
band is claret red, the di vision of the outer area by a band of ground colour is missing. Hindwings also much
paler than type form. From around Trieste. — faecata Stdr. is monotonous dull pale buff with almost completely
extinct bands. Innsbruck. — lutalgira Schaw. is larger, ochreous with diffuse markings, a faint darker basal
transverse line, a reddish band in centre and paler subterminal line. Hindwings with 2 brown bands and dark
outer margin. In $ the central band and outer marginal area are deep red. Algeria (Bone).

P. sanctiflorentis Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 400, pi. 71 d). — aurantiacus Rothsch. is larger and has orange-red
ground colour, suffused with fuscous in outer half. From Tunis in July.

P. luna Zerny (24 f) is much smaller than sanctiflorentis , it has much darker colouration on upperside
of wings with a less intensive yellow-red underside. Genitalia differ. Forewings sooty brown on upperside,
dusted with olive and very indistinctly marked. The darker central area is edged outwardly by a wide paler
transverse band; this is bisected by an indistinct dark shade. The edges on both sides are faintly undulate. At
close of cell 2 dark spots, the one above the other and both with slightly paler surrounds. Hindwings of same
shade as forewings, in outer third there is a wide, pale olive-brown transverse band with a central dark shade.
On inner side it has a distinct and straight edge. End of April, early May in south Andalusia (Algeciras).

Publ. 24. X. 1936.

233

RAPARNA— PANGRAPTA. By Dr. M. Dratidt.

74. Genus: Kaparmi Moore.

R. discoinsignita Strd. All wings dusky blackish with very indistinct paler undulate transverse lines discoimig-
and indications of black transverse rows of dots and lines; with large deep black very distinctly marked discal
spots, that appear round on the forewings but somewhat horizontally elongated on hindwings J On forewings
there is a similar smaller spot in centre of cell with a small black transverse streak below it. The postmedian
line consists of small black lunules, which in the upper half are outlined outwardly in pale reddish yellow;
posteriorly there is a narrow grey transverse band, that is continued over on to the hindwings. At anal angle
of hindwings, a rusty yellow longitudinal streak and a whitish angulated transverse line. Wing expanse: 27 mm.

Japan (Karapin), in August.

75. Genus: Kyralidestlies Warr.

P. inanioena Filipjev resembles amata Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 401) in build. Forewings pale brownish with a inamoena.
faint reddish hue, speckled with blackish. The only marking consists of an oblique line, which commences on
costa near apex and extends to 2nd third of inner margin. It is delicately marked and scarcely perceivable
and only slightly paler than ground colour. The long fringes are somewhat reddish with 2 indistinct blackish
dividing lines. Hindwings impure white, densely speckled with black. Fringes grey-white with faint dividing
line near base. Wing expanse: 18 mm. Minussinsk (Tagarsky Isle), based on a $ captured in May.

77. Genus: Orec*tis Led.

0. euprepiata DM. On an average half as large as proboscidata H.-Schaff. (Vol. 3, p. 402, pi. 74 b), with euprepiata.
narrower forewings, whitish, finely dusted with brownish. Three fairly large black quadrate spots on costa,
the 1st immediately behind base, the outer one inwardly of reniform stigma. The barely visible anterior trans¬
verse line jDroceeds from the former. The posterior transverse line is bent outwardly at top, where it encircles
the reniform stigma. Inwardly of the latter there is a bold oval spot. Subterminal line sinuate, diffuse, nebulous
and shadowy at costa and inner angle. Distinct black striations on margin. Hindwings slightly paler, dusted
with brownish, with diffuse central spot, anterior to which a wide shadowy stripe extends rectangularly to
inner margin. Nebulous patches in marginal area. Fringes of both wings faintly checked. Wing expanse:

12 — 16 mm. Rome, Tivoli, Subiaco in shady, damp localities.

O. massiliensis Mill. (24 g). According to Puengeler this is a genuine species. It is quite likely that massiliensis.
it is identical with euprepiata, when they would be synonymous. It is smaller and with narrower wings than
proboscidata , the transverse lines are wider and more distinct, with much larger costal spots and stout roundish
reniform stigma. Hindwings paler, less dusted. S. France, Cannes.

80. Genus: Kivu I a Guen.

R. sericealis Scop. (Vol. 3, p. 403, pi. 71 i). — oenipontana Hellw. (24 g) is a form that is suffused with oenipontana.
grey-brown and occurs chiefly in Tyrol and Switzerland, apparently inhabiting woods. — brunnea Lamb, with brunnea.
dark brown forewings. From Belgium. May be synonymous with the preceding. laetior Spul. has more inten- laetior.
sively brownish yellow forewings. — limbata Spul. has forewings coloured dusky grey-brown behind the outer limbata.
transverse line. Also hindwings are widely dark at margin or completely grey. — distincta Rothsch. is smaller, distincta.
less yellowish, more reddish. The $ on the other hand yellower, the arched band from reniform stigma to inner
margin is very distinct and not shadowy. Algeria, May to October. — albolividalis Schille is pale yellowish albolividalis.
white, devoid of markings except for the reniform stigma, in which 2 black dots are situate. Hindwings simil¬
arly much paler, almost white. From Strzalkow.

R. tanitalis Rbl. (24 g). I consider this to be a genuine species. It is considerably smaller (wing expanse: tanitalis.

16 mm), dull ochreous yellow without any paler patches. In place of the reniform stigma, there are 2 black
dots, the one above the other and there is no sign of the grey mark of a stigma between them. Egypt (Alexandria).

84. Genus: Megazetlies Warr.

Instead of this name (Vol. 3, p. 405) the name: — Arytrura Jolin should be substituted, as it was given
in 1912, whilst Megazethes was only created in 1913.

A. musculus Men. (Vol. 3, p. 405, pi. 71 e). This fine and large species is distributed much further westwards musculus.
and is now found to be a genuine european species, as it is known to occur at Uralsk and has been discovered
in Hungary.

86. Genus: Pangrapta

P. flavomacula Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 409, pi. 71 h). — robiginosa Kard. is dull rusty coloured on forewings robiginosa.
and in marginal area of hindwings, with diffuse paler lines. Orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinct. —

albata Kard. denotes whitish specimens with delicate anterior and posterior transverse lines. The other lines albata.

Supplementary Vol. 3 30

234

DIERNA; SIMPLICIA; NOD ART A; ZANCLOGNATHA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

turbata.

lunulata.

timandra.

subtermina-

lis.

dentilineata.

jumosalis.

cclatrix.

negligens.

biumbralis.

tenuialis.

punctalis.

indistinct, either partially or completely absent. Orbicular stigma barely discernible, reniform stigma faintly
outlined, with paler streak in centre. — turbata Kard. is monotonous pale grey-brown with diffuse markings,
indistinct lines and stigmata. All 3 forms from S. Ussuri, in July.

P. lunulata Stertz is very similar to flavomacula mentioned above, but. it is a brighter brown in marginal
area of forewings. The outer transverse line commences in centre of costa, describes a sharp arc in the upper
half towards the margin and is accompanied by a fainter parallel line, that outwardly encircles the very large
quadrangular reniform stigma. The stigma itself is divided into 3 white spots by an angulated streak pointing
towards the base. The anterior transverse line is punctiform in its lower part, before it, in place of the orbi¬
cular stigma, a distinct brown dot. The dentate marginal line is outlined by dark brown. Beyond the outer
transverse line, there is a large pale triangular patch on costa and in the apical area a few white specks out¬
lined in brown in place of a subterminal line. Hindwings are paler, traversed by 2 boldly arched transverse
lines, between which and in marginal area, there are sharply prominent crescentiform marks enclosed in brown
and of which those in subterminal area are the larger. Wing expanse: 25 — 26 mm. Amur territory.

90. Genus: I>ierna Wkr.

D. timandra Alph. (24 g). This pretty roseate species has 3 yellowish transverse lines on forewings
and 2 on hindwings. Warren placed it among the Geometridae in the Genus: Pseudomiza Btlr. (Vol. 4, p. 328).
It occurs from Corea to the southern Ussuri district.

97. Genus: Slmpli cisi Guen.

S. subterminalis Draes. (24 g) has a somewhat longer 3rd segment to palpi, than rectalis Ev. (Vol. 3,
p. 415, pi. 72 b). The illustration in Main Volume was exaggeratedly large. Otherwise it is similar in structure but
half as large as rectalis. Forewings quite pale buff with completely extinct transverse lines and small dark reni¬
form stigmatal shade. Subterminal line creamy yellow, almost arising at apex. It is obtusely angulated on
vein 6 and slightly bent to inner margin. A very prominent deep dark shade anteriorly. Hindwings paler, sub-
terminal line angulated on vein 2. Szechuan.

98. Genus: ISTodarfa Guen.

N. dentilineata Braes, resembles tristis Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 416, pi. 72 c), but is smaller. The antemedian
line is angulated inwards subcostally, on mediana and vein 1. A small black lunule at close of cell, the outer
line dentate. The blackish subterminal is almost straight with whitish dots on veins posteriorly. These are
sometimes expanded, thus seeming to form a pale band. Hindwings grey. Underside glossy pale grey, hind¬
wings with pale dentate subterminal. Szechuan.

99. Genus: Zaiiclogsaatlia Led.

Z. tarsiplumalis Him. (Vol. 3, p. 417, pi. 72 c). — fumosalis DM. are very dark, almost black-violet
specimens, heavily dusted with speckles of black-brown on all wings, so that the markings are indistinct. Hind-
wings similarly black-grey. S. Tyrol.

Z. celatrix Filip j. denominates a very worn specimen, about which even the author says, that nothing
can be said about the markings. Ground colour is darker than in tarsiplumalis , that is about all that can be
said. Genitalia however are so different, that the species can immediately be recognised. The edge of the upper
valve has several crenulations whilst in tarsiplumalis there is only one narrow long, very pointed spine; penis
lias a number of small spines at distal end, which do not occur in tarsiplumalis. Wing expanse: 31 mm. S. Ussuri
(Sutshan), in July.

Z. tarsicristalis H.-Schaff. (Vol. 3, p. 417, pi. 74 g). — negligens DM. is a more regular bluish grey, not
yellow-brown, the dark transverse bands faint or quite absent, the pale transverse band duskier. A smaller
second generation. biumbralis Trti. & Ver. has a paler central band, that is edged by the transverse lines,
whilst the basal and marginal areas appear to be more violet-blackish. Transverse lines are bolder and appear
denser and more prominent, whilst subterminal is almost extinct. Maritime Alps (Valdieri).

Z. tenuialis Bbl. (Vol. 3, p. 417) is now being illustrated (24 g). It also occurs in the Amur territory

(Ussuri).

Z. punctalis Herz. Forewings ashen grey with pale central band and elongated straight streaky stigma.
The darker basal area is enclosed by a blackish transverse line. Posterior transverse line dentate, bending boldly
outwards at top. Before outer margin and parallel to it, a pale grey, almost whitish transverse line. Hindwings
paler with 2 brown transverse lines. Corea.

HERMINIA; PECHIPOGO; NAGADEBA; RHYNCHODONTODES. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

235

100. Genus: Hcrminia Latr.

H. cribrumalis Him. (Vol. 3, p. 421, pi. 72 e). aestivalis Costni. is only half as large as type with obsolete aestivalis.
markings. Occurring in August and clearly a 2nd generation. N. Italy, province Aemilia. — modestalis Boldt modesfalis.
is devoid of markings, except for a black discal dot.

H. crinalis Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 421, pi. 72 e, f). autumnalis DM. is a remarkably small and dark autumn autumnalis.
generation from the S. Tyrol. barbierii Costni shows heavier markings on all wings. Orbicular and reniform barbierii.
stigmata very bold, both central lines approximated. The antemedian line being moved further from base
and the posterior transverse line touches the discal maculae on both wings. Central shade is absent. Fringes
dotted with white. Described from 1 rf from Regium.

H. gryphalis F. (Vol. 3, p. 421). squalidalis DM. are very dark, duskily blackish brown specimens squalidalis.
occuring in both generations. S. Tyrol. We are illustrating the type form (24 g), of which no illustration was
given in Main Volume. — romana /. n. (24 g) are italian specimens from the neighbourhood of Rome, they are romana.
paler, duller and have almost no subterminal line.

H. tentacularia L. (Vol. 3, j). 421, pi. 72 f). — grbnblomi Nessling is unicoloured grey-black with a tinge grbnblomi.
of brownish, discal area faintly paler; only the posterior transverse line is indicated, the other markings extinct.

Finland. — meixneri Wgnr. is similar, brown with distinctly paler discal area, but normally distinct markings, meixneri.
Gratz. romaniszyni Kaucki is unicoloured dusky dark brown. Hindwings somewhat paler at base with whit- romaniszy-
ish subterminal line. >n-

H. derivalis Him. (Vol. 3, p. 421, pi. 72 f). — delicata DM. is simply jjale buff, all lines very delicate delicata.
and fine, but distinct. The darker specklings on forewings completely absent. — fangalis DM. is a form occurring fangalis.
chiefly among the autumnal brood in the S. Tyrol. It is dark brown, densely peppered with black-brown speckles
and enwidened markings. A row of dark brown speckled dots occurs in outer area, which often seem to form
a band. — misera DM. are very small specimens occurring among the autumn generation with normal ground misera.
colour or duskily grey-brown, but completely devoid of markings. S. Tyrol. — alternalis DM. is a more varie- alternalis.
gated form with suffused discal area. — virgata Rocci has a widely shaded transverse stripe, dusky central area virgata.
to forewings and dusky basal area of hindwings.

H. flavicrinalis Andreas (24 h) was omitted from Main Volnme, it should be classified next to crinalis flavicrinalis.
and on an average is slightly smaller. Ground colour is a paler buff, sparsely and finely peppered with brownish.

Markings are almost identical with those of crinalis, but they are more delicate and especially the postmedian
line is frequently almost completely obsolete. Subterminal line extends more straightly, especially in costal
area and it has barely any shading inwardly. Hindwings very pale in d, somewhat more distinctly marked
in $. The thickening of the shaft below the middle of the $ antennae is less pronounced than in crinalis. Algeria.

H. gigantea Trti. (24 li). This is the largest species of the Genus. It closely resembles crinalis but has gigantea.
longer pectinations to d antennae. Forewings almost of the same shade as flavicrinalis and similarly marked,
so that there is the possibility that this is a large insular form of the latter. Central shade is somewhat more
prominent, especially towards the inner margin. Subterminal line is bolder and enclosed on both sides by
fine, distinct brown lines. Sardinia, in June. — autumnalis Trti. is only half the size and is the autumn generation, autumnalis.
which can be scarcely differentiated from flavicrinalis, although it is perhaps a shade browner than the latter.

- The grey larva is mottled with brown on dorsum and has a violet zigzag stripe above spiracles. It feeds on
withered leaves.

101. Genus: I*ec?hIj>ogo Hbn.

P. barbalis Cl. (Vol. 3, p. 422, pi. 72 g). anomalalis Klem. denominates an aberrative specimen in anomalalis.
which the anterior transverse line is interrupted in a point, so that with the apex of the angle it touches the
discal lunule. From Poland.

108a. Genus: Ufagartcba Btlr.

N. szetschwanensis Draes. resembles N. indecoralis Wkr ., grey-brown, the inner line of forewings indi- szetschwa-
stinct, double and bulging. A wide brown shade extends through the middle. Posterior transverse line is fine,
sharply dentate. Subterminal line consists of a few small black dots. On hindwings both transverse lines are
delicately brown with a dark shade between them, as on forewings. Orbicular stigma grey on upperside with
dark surround, on underside it is chalky white and of elongated form. Reniform stigma on upperside is situate
in the dark shade, whilst on underside it lies posteriorly. It is pale grey and edged on top and bottom by black
dots. Szechuan (Omi-shien).

116. Genus: Iftliyncliotloiitodes Warr.

R. ravalis H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 430, pi. 73 a). pallida Schaw. are completely devoid of markings, very pallida.
pale greyish brown. Only the pale brownish shade from apex to inner margin enables one to classify them as

236

BOMOLOCHA; HYPENA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

nigrobasalis.

nigrescens.

niklcensis.

innocua.

yoshinalis.

holclcaidalis.

cholerica.

as belonging to ravalis. From Mosul, occurring among pale grey-yellow transition specimens with faint rudi¬
mentary markings in discal area.

117. Genus: fSomoloclia Hbn.

B. nigrobasalis Herz should be classified after zilla Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 432, pi. 73 c), it is more coarsely and
roughly scaled, deeper dark brown. The basal two-thirds are uniformly black-brown, the greyish white longi¬
tudinal streak is absent. Wing expanse: 28 — 30 mm. Corea.

B. Installs Led. (Vol. 3, p. 434, pi. 73 f). — nigrescens Braes, is a very deep dusky brown with quite
obsolete markings. Hindwings dark brown with fringes of same shade with a fine blackish terminal line.

B. nikkensis Wilem. & West, is most closely related to B. zilla Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 432, pi. 73 c). Body pale
brown, abdomen yellowish white. Forewings pale brown with a large dark brown patch, which covers the basal
two-thirds of wings and extends from base to the posterior transverse line and from costa to vein 1. It is edged
by a reddish yellow line that expands towards base. The postmedian line, as the outer edge of the dark area,
extends from costa obliquely outwards to vein 4, where it is angulated and proceeds obliquely inwards over
vein 2 and then somewhat outwards to vein 1, where it is again angulated and turns vertically to inner margin.
Both the upper stigmata are represented by dark dots. The subterminal area is dusky. Costa is reddish yellow
with 2 obsolete black-brown spots below apex. There are dark spots at margin in interstices between the veins.
Hindwings pale brown. Wing expanse: 28 mm. Japan; Honsho, Nikko, Kobe, in Jidy and August.

118. Genus: Hypeua Schrnk.

H. innocua Wilem. <Sc West, most closely resembles triangularis Mr. (Vol. 3, p. 444, pi. 75 k). Body and
forewings dull grey-brown, the latter dusted more darkly. Both upper stigmata denoted by an appression of
black-brown upstanding scales with an oblique streak from costa to orbicular stigma. Posterior transverse
line, dark brown, undulate, extending obliquely inwards with yellowish red outer edge. Subterminal line con¬
sists of irregular black-brown dots, that are very indistinct below vein 5. Apex is intersected by an oblique
black-brown streak. On margin there are blackish dots in interstices between the veins. Hindwings pale dull
greyish brown, dusted duskily. Wing expanse: 26 mm. Japan (Honsho, Kiushu, Shikoku).

H. yoshinalis Wilem. <b West. Both this and the subsequent species are related to rusticalis Leech. (Vol. 3,
p. 436, pi. 75 c). Body black-brown, forewings reddish yellow, dusted with black-brown and with dusky speckles.
The black-brown anterior transverse line is undulate and extends from costa to mediana, thence obliquely
inwards to inner margin. The posterior transverse line extends in an arc to mediana and then also obliquely
to inner margin. Subterminal line is parallel, indistinctly brownish black. Marginal line of the same shade.
Hindwings blackish brown. Wing expanse: 26 mm. Japan (Honsho, Shikoku).

H. hokkaidalis Wilem. & West. Forewings reddish yellow', peppered with sepia, markings indicated
where the speckles become denser. Posterior to centre an indistinctly outlined obsolete patch or band extending
half-way from below costa to vein 2, where it terminates contracting to a point. The subterminal band extends
in a straight line to vein 3, where it is angulated inwards and proceeds obliquely to inner margin. The apex
is intersected by a short oblique streak. Hindwings yellowish, somewhat peppered with brown. Wing expanse:
29 mm. Hokkaido.

H. obsitalis Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 435, pi. 73 i). cholerica Schaiv. is pale yellow-brown, only the outer edge
of the central area is white. The central area itself is slightly paler. Herzegovina.

MAIKONA; SIMYRA; ARSILONCHE; ACRONICTA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

237

Corrections und Additions to Supplementary Volume 3.

1. Family: Agaristidae.

6a. Genus: Mafkona Mats.

Closely related to Asteropetes Hamps. (Vol. 3, p. 7) and should be classified immediately following it.

The 3rd segment of palpi is shorter than the 2nd. Antennae somewhat longer. Abdomen with very long basal
tuft of hair. No crests on the other abdominal segments. On forewings veins 7 and 8 with very long stalk. Only
one species:

M. jezoemsis Mats. The black forewings are speckled with brown, olive, whitish and yellowish. Anterior jezoensis.
transverse line is interrupted twice and is olive-grey and undulate. Posterior transverse line is double bending
widely outwards behind the reniform stigma and with a large longish white spot in between. The white sub-
terminal line expands at costa and inner margin. Marginal line brown, edged with white inwardly and streaked
with golden yellow outwardly. Fringes white with black checks and black dividing line. Both the upper stigmata
are black with grey centres. Below the origin of vein 2 there is a triangular white spot. The veins are somewhat
paler. Hindwings yellow with wide black-brown marginal band and discal spot. Fringes yellow-white with
dark dividing line. Hokkaido, in April and May.

2. Family: Noctuidae.

As the name Noctua should not be used (“Noctua” : Aves praeoccup.), also the denomination Noctuidae
should now be eliminated and according to the proposal of Tams it should be altered into Agrotidae.

I. Subfamily: Acronictinae.

II. Genus: Sfmyra 0.

S. moltrechti 0. B.-H. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 6). In regard to this form, see p. 191 of this Supplementary moltrechti.

Volume.

12. Genus: Arsilonehe Led.

A. albovenosa Goeze (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 7). — neomelaina Traub was due to a mistake, the form should
be named - nocmelaina. tjurana Drt. (pi. 25 a) is white, sparsely dusted with brownish, longitudinal streaks nocmelaina.
bronze-brown, the one below the mediana extends from base to margin and touches the length of the white tjurana.
vein 5. The veins are streaked with bronze-brown. Marginal dots are absent. Hindwings white with brownish
veins and marginal line. Central Asia (Togus Churai). — seleniS Schultz denotes specimens with boldly developed seleni$..
crescentiform patches on underside of all 4 wings. Described from Soltow.

A. renimaculata Osth. (pi. 25 f). Forewings yellowish white, coarsely speckled with brownish, the veins renimacula-
remaining pale. A fine long black basal streak and 4 black dots in the 4 corners of the reniform stigma. Short
black streaks at margin. Hindwings and fringes pure white. From the Taurus, Amanus, in August.

14. Genus: Acronicta Tr.

A. pasiphae Drt. (pi. 25 a). This should be classified following phaedra (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 8). A small pasiphae.
species with white forewings sparsely speckled with black, rather more markedly so behind postmedian. Basal
streak is marked as in phaedra. Anterior transverse line is double, sharply dentate, extending very obliquely
to centre of inner margin, but at vein 1 reverting towards the base. The brownish stigmata are finely circum¬
scribed by black. The posterior transverse line is only double at costa and at inner margin and is interfilled
with white. Behind it on the discal fold there is a fine dart-shaped mark, with a stouter similar mark on sub-

238

CRANIOPHORA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

median fold. Subterminal line is completely absent. The white fringes are checked with black. The white
hindwings are dusky at margin and on veins with indications of a postmedian line. From the Amanus mountains
(Taurus), in July.

nigrescens. A. strigosa F. (Vol. 3, p. 16). — nigrescerss Barr, is completely black with the exception of the yellow-

white orbicular and reniform stigmata. Described from England.

obsuia. A. obsuta Drt. (pi. 25 f). Forewings grey-white, speckled with brownish with black basal streak that

branches out. Both transverse lines grey-brown, double; of the posterior line the outer part is bold and black,
the inner obsolete, the space between them whitish, the area behind is dusky. Both stigmata are whitish with
black surrounds. The reniform stigma is obliquely intersected by a brownish central shade, which is bent in
a rightangle at lower end of cell and which extends close before and parallel to the postmedian line to the inner
margin. There is a finely marked black dart-shaped mark subanally, which intersects the postmedian. Sub-
terminal line is indicated by the contrast between the dark postmedian and the paler marginal areas. Fringes
are intersected by black at the extremities of the veins. Hindwings are pale grey-brownish with duskier marg¬
inal area and a dark arched line in front. In the Amur territory (Sidemi).

bercei. A. rumicis L. (Vol. 3, p. 17; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 9). — bercel Sand denotes a completely black aberration,

devoid of all markings except minute traces of the white inner marginal spots. Described from France (Inclre).

psideleta. A. psi L. (Vol. 3, p. 15; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 9). - psideleta Turn. The subanal dart-shaped mark is com¬

pletely absent. A small indistinctly marked aberration from Coventry. — A critical analysis of the difficult
group of psi-tridens-cuspis has been given by Crosse in the Frankfurt a. M., Ent. Zeitschrift, 50th Volume 1936,
Nos. 19 and 20, pages 213 and 229, to which we wish to draw attention.

mdot\. A. tridens Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 16; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 10). — radoti Le Cerf is a more uniform grey, without

any paler patches, both transverse lines extend in equal width and straightly, almost without dentations. The
soltowensis. subanal dart-shaped mark is bold and thickly marked. From Marakash (Morocco). — soltowensis Schultz denotes
a specimen that is heavily dusted over with dark grey-brown and with very bold basal and subanal marks.
Also the hindwings are dusky. Soltow.

A. alni L. (Vol. 3, p. 13; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 11). The name nigromaculata Gelin was a mistake, it should
nigromargi- have read — - nigromarginata Gelin.

basistriata. A. auricoma F. (Vol. 3, p. 16; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 11). basistriata Warn, has typical ground colouration,

but with a deep black long and wide basal streak, that extends right to the subanal streak.

ankarensis.

igdyrensis.

dungerni.

fasciata.

acerbata.

farinosa.

andalusica.

A. megacephala F. (Vol. 3, p. 15; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 12). — ankarensis M. Hering (25 f) has the pale patch
behind the reniform stigma, coloured whitish and besides the posterior transverse line is intertilled with white.
From Angora. — igdyrensis Teich has the pale ground colour of aceris with faintly yellowish tone. Markings
are as in type form, but only faintly indicated with the exception of the posterior transverse line, which is very
distinct and has finely outlined black dentations. Hindwings white, barely darker at margin. This form was
bred from a batch of typical megacephala larvae feeding on willows near Igdyr in the neighbourhood of Ararat.

dungerni Rangnow has very variegated forewings, markings black on pale grey ground, the pale patch behind
the reniform stigma being reduced by black transverse markings. Hindwings grey. From Lapland.

A. euphorbiae Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 17; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 12). — fasciata Hannem. denotes an aberrative
specimen with wide dark central band. The name — ottomana Drt. must be withdrawn in favour of the older
name acerbata Schaw. This latter form was described from Corsica and is almost exactly identical. Spe¬
cimens received from Asia Minor (Akshehir) are also placed here. On the other hand the name for the form
from the italian Chalk Alps — apennina should be retained, the specimens are still paler, with much more
delicate markings and pure white hindwings. — farinosa Bytinski-Salz from Sardinia is much darker, the
markings more distinct, the transverse lines are not double, but simple, the central shade is absent. — anda¬
lusica Schaw. is strikingly marked. The inner marginal area of the centre, especially around the stigmata, is
heavily speckled with black. Similarly to a certain degree in basal and outer areas. The grey ground colour
itself is heavily interspersed with whitish. Fringes distinctly checked with black and white. Andalusia (Sierra
de Luna).

flavescens.

musella.

minor .
grisescens.

A. leporina L. (Vol. 3. p. 14; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 13). - flavescens Lemplce is a dutch form, that is suffused
with yellow. musella Rangnow has silky mouse-grey forewings, devoid of markings, except for an indication
mark on costa, where transverse lines should commence and the discal spot, as well as the faintly discernible
outer marginal band. - minor Rangnow is almost the same only with a brownish hue and denotes a very small
specimen with an expanse of only 11 mm. grisescens Rangnow is heavily dusted with grey. Costal, discal and
marginal spots all boldly black, otherwise devoid of markings. All these last 3 forms from Lapland.

15. Genus: Cranio phara Snell.

navasi. C. pontica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 15; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 13). — navasi Bours. differs from typical specimens by

the absence of the black streaks along the veins in marginal area. Further there is a paler patch in subterminal

BRYOPHILA; MEROLEUCA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

2 .‘5 9

area between apex and vein 2. On the other hand the pale band below the orbicular stigma and the pale patch
behind the reniform stigma are both duskier. The stigmata are enlarged but less distinct and surrounded by
a brownish colouration. The shape of the forewings is shorter and wider. Described from Spain (the Pyrenees
north of Aragon). There are differences in the genitalia and these may indicate that this is a separate species.

2. Subfamily: Bryophilinae.

19. Genus: ISryopIiila :7V.

B. gea Schaw. (pi. 25 d). This should be classified after divisa Esp. (= raptricula Him.) (Vol. 3. p. 19). gea.

It is larger than latter with longer and narrower forewings and constant whitish hindwings. The ground colour
is generally somewhat more reddish, the arrangement of the markings otherwise very similar, only the lines
are more delicate and appear more prominent longitudinally. Genitalia differ from those of divisa and oxy-
biensis. From Spain (Sierra de Gea and Albarracin), more recently also found in Anatolia (Akshehir).

B. muralis Forst. (Vol. 3, p. 21; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 18). - viridior Schaw. denotes specimens of intens- viridior.
ively green ground colouration. From Corsica and also Herzegovina. barbaria Schaw. (pi. 25 f) almost barbaria.
gives the impression of being a separate species. Ground colour creamy white, the fine black crenular trans¬
verse lines are uninterrupted in their course and the stigmata are finely surrounded by black. In centre of
discal ared and at inner margin somewhat darker grey. In basal area near inner margin there is a prominent
oval spot completely encircled by black. From the High Atlas (Sidi Chamarouche), in June.

B. umovii Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 21). We are now giving an illustration (pi. 25 f) of specimens from Akshehir umovii.
(Anatolia). I now consider burgeffi Drt., to be only a smaller form of umovii.

B. perla F. (Vol. 3, p. 21; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 19). - benaceosis Dhl. has pure white ground colour with benacensis.
some patches suffused with rose yellowish; the markings are extraordinarily fine and delicate. Hindwings
pale grey, behind the dark marginal band, a row of fine grey-white dots. Fringes pure white, without checks.

Italy (Monte Baldo), from an altitude of 1000 — 1900 m. The name — dufranei Drt. must be withdrawn in
favour of the prior denomination — subgrisea Turner. subgrisea.

B. du seutrei Obth. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 20). An illustration can now be given (pi. 25 f). du scutrei.

B. paulina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 21; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 20). — keltaoa Amsel enumerated on p. 181 of this keltana.
Supplement is synonymous. It was incorrect to classify this as an Athetis and it is probably not even a special
form of paulina.

B. subliterata Filip j. should be classified next to literata Moore (Vol. 3, p. 22) and resembles the illu- subliterata.
stration on pi. 4 h. It has however no trace of ochreous or brownish colour. Forewings yellowish white, speckl¬
ed with black, the lower half of median area darkened up to mediana. Subterminal line distinct, marginal
area not paler. The very long fringes are not checked. Hindwings whitish, only very faintly darker at margin,
no discal spot. Pamirs (Chorog), in April and September.

19 d. Genus: Meroleuea Hmps.

As this name had already been utilised for an american Saturniid Genus: Meroleuea Pack., this generic
name must be altered into: Qedibrya Hmps.

0. mkroglossa Rmb. (Vol. 3, p. 22; Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 22). This species is widely distributed over N. mieroglossa.
Africa and is identical with subplumbeola Culot (= cinnamomina Bothsch.) (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 21), which was
described as a Bryophila , and with which it is therefore synonymous. According to information kindly sent
me by Boursin, the species is very variable, from cpiite pale to very dark specimens occurring and Roth¬
schild has in fact given names to a lot of aberrations of his cinnamomina.

0. boursini Drt. (pi. 25 cl). Forewings ochreous whitish to pinky reddish, speckled more or less heavily boursini.
and densely with leaden grey, especially in basal third, around reniform stigma and in marginal area. Central
area paler and dusted with pinky reddish to dark brick red, especially in inner marginal half. Markings rather
indistinct, transverse lines dentate, indistinctly double. The paler subterminal line indicated in patches.

Fringes long and whitish, intersected by 2 dark lines and with slightly darker checks at extremities. Hind¬
wings thinly scaled, whitish with blackish discal lunule and widely dusky grey at margin, except for the area
between veins 6 and 7, which remains pale. A fine blackish marginal line before the white fringes. From around
Wan, at an altitude of 2000 m, in September.

0„ agenjoi Fdz. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174). According to information from Boursin, this species, that was agenjoi.
classified in this Supplementary Volume p. 173, under the Genus: Esteparia Fdz., should be placed here. In
general the structure is identical except for the prolix pectinations of the antennae, which at the best could
only demand the creation of a section under Oedibrya.

240

EUXOA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

gracilis.

subdistin¬

guenda.

mendelis.

anatolica.

boursini.

ruris.

suffusa.

ambrosiana.

distinguen-

da.

rumelica.

akschehiren-

sis.

perdistincta.

distincta.

christophi.

continenta-

lis.

schawerdae.

obeliscata.

schwingen-

schussi.

Also — gracilis Wgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174), which was held to be a subspecies, had best be classified
here and it may be considered to be a genuine species. Esteparia is thus synonymous with Oedibrya.

3. Subfamily: Euxoinae.

20. Genus: Enxoa Hbn.

E. subdistinguenda Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 23, pi. 3 a). This and the following — mendelis Fdz. (p. 24) are
conspecific. mendelis has priority rights and is the type of the species with multisigna Cti. (p. 23) as synonym.
Just like temera, mendelis has parallel forms, thus subdistinguenda is the more variegated, being the correspond¬
ing form to hubneri with pale costa. — anatolica Drt. (pi. 25 a) is a form recently described from Akshehir.
It is uniformly earthen brown, no pale costal streak, obsolete transverse markings and stigmata with fine
black surrounds. Hindwings pale yellowish white with delicate brownish marginal line. Antennae more boldly
pectinated. Genitalia identical with mendelis.

E. temera Hbn. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 24). — boursini Schaw. (pi. 25 g) is marked identically like hubneri,
also in the pale costal streak, but the ground colour is a deep brown, black-brown or slate- black, the costal
streak being pale yellowish or reddish yellow. The form was described from Corsica, but is also the predominant
form in Anatolia and the Taurus. — alphonsina Fdz. is synonymous with ruris Hbn.

E. suffusa Fdz. was originally classified with villiersi Gn. (= temera-ruris Hb.), but should be held to
be merely a name for an aberration, denoting a somewhat paler specimen of ambrosiana, that is more heavily
speckled with grey. As it was described first and in accordance with the rules of nomenclature, it must be
introduced as the main form and the normal — ambrosiana Bours. (pi. 25 g) as a form thereof. It closely
resembles hastifera Donz. (Vol. 3, p. 27 ; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 24), differing however distinctly in the structure of
the antennae, t lie shaft of which is thinner and pectinations longer in the E and thinner by half than in hasti¬
fera. Forewings are somewhat longer and more rounded at apex. The ground colour is a warm brown; trans¬
verse lines and subterminal sagittate marks are virtually absent. The black triangular mark in cell in front
of the orbicular stigma is much reduced and narrow, in hastifera it is about as long as the diameter of the
orbicular stigma and much wider. Stigmata are much darker in hastifera, in ambrosiana they are almost white
and faintly yellowish like the costal streak. On underside forewings are whitish, no discal spot, in hastifera
they are dusky with a black discal dot. Spain (Cuenca; Albarracin).

E. distinguenda Led. (Vol. 3, p. 27; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 25) covers a very difficult group, among which
are a number of closely related forms and even species. The following have recently been described: — rume-
Sica Bours. The contrast of the various markings on forewings is much greater than in typical specimens,
ground colour being very dark brown to black ; the 3 stigmata very distinctly darkly outlined, the intermediate
space in cell almost black, also subterminal sagittate marks prominently deep black; costal area and oblique
streak behind claviform stigma very pale. Size is considerably greater than that of type. Bulgaria. — aksche-
hirensis Cti. (25 g) closely resembles the preceding form, it is similarly darker and more sharply marked with
pronounced reddish yellow tinge, especially in the pale oblique streak behind the claviform stigma; generally
however exceedingly variable. From Anatolia (Akshehir). The name — perdistincta Zerny seems to me un¬
justifiable and Boitrsin concurs with me in this, as with the exception of the very pale brown form - dis¬
tincta Stgr. from Amasia, there is no other distincta described by Stgr. According to J. Kozhantschikov
also — christophi Stgr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 25) should only be considered a subspecies of distinguenda. This
question may prove very difficult to decide with the great variability of all these forms.

E. haverkampfi Stfs. (Vol. 3, p. 29; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 26). — continentalis Beisser has been quite rec¬
ently recorded and is a surprising discovery in Spain (Sierra de Gredos). The pectinations of the antennae
are slightly finer, but genitalia are identical. It is a purer whitish grey without any yellowish admixture,
markings are more distinct and purer black. Transverse lines edged with purer white on averted sides. Hind-
wings paler whitish grey.

E. aquilina Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 32; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 26). The aquilina group still remains one of the
most difficult to classify and according to Kozhantschikov also wagneri, sabuletorum (= squalida Ev., puncti-
fera Cti., terrestris Cti.), actinea, glabella, quassa, obscurior Stgr. (= oberthuri Leech) and distaxis are all merely
forms of it. - schawerdae Bours. is an interesting form, which in its outer appearance is a parallel development
to the grey forms: temera to hubneri and praevisa to distinguenda. Costal area is the same colour as the ground,
the transverse lines are more distinct, claviform stigma indicated by a fine brownish outline. Savoy. — obelis¬
cata Wgnr. -Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 27 erroneously places it as synonym to actinea Kozh.) and — schwingen-
schussi Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 27) are conspecific with aquilina. Boursin writes to me: “I cannot find suffic¬
ient diiterence to separate the 3 forms specifically. Besides, this race from Asia Minor (obeliscata) varies just
as much as aquilina does in France and central Europe.” Among the obeliscata specimens occur that superfi-

Publ. 15. I. 1937.

EUXOA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

241

cially are exactly like oranaria A. B. -H. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 25), but which can he immediately distinguished by

the structure of the antennae. — wagneri Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 27) is however certainly a separate genuine wagner >.

species.

E. vinirufa Drt. (pi. 25 a) closely resembles the obeliscata form, hut I consider it a genuine species, as rinirufa.
the structure of the antennae is somewhat different. Head ochreous reddish, 2nd segment of palpi laterally
black ; collar dark brown with black line, scapulae dusky brown with pale reddish inned edge ; abdomen almost
white with ochreous anal tuft. Forewings cinnamon reddish, peppered with brown, veins blackish. Basal area,
cell and claviform stigma black-brown with deep black basal streak. Only the anterior transverse line is present
and indistinctly double. Orbicular stigma obliquely elliptical, reniform stigma with dark central streak. Apical
costal third and marginal area are black-grey, in the latter the subterminal line is discernible in patches. Hind
wings and fringes white with veins faintly brownish. From Sultan-Dagh in Anatolia.

E. distaxis Bouts, is the correct name for the species described as actinea Kozh. (Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 27). distaxis.
This name has right of priority and actinea is synonymous.

E. ligula A. B.-H. is to be classified with recussa Him. (Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 6 k; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 28). It is ligula.
paler, claviform stigma practically absent and subterminal line very different. It stands out very distinctly
from the grey, somewhat bluish dusted marginal area and has a deep dark shade inwardly; between veins 1
and 4 it forms a wide arc and on veins 4 and 6 projects sharply outwards. Otherwise forewings are reddish
brown, admixed with grey especially at inner margin, transverse lines obsolete. The stigmata are pale and grey
with reddish cores, situate in blackish ground colour of cell. The veins 1 to 3 are darkened. Hindwings grey-
white with black marginal line, obsolete cliscal spot and barely visible dusky marginal band. Wing expanse:

34 mm. This is established from 1 $ from Juldus.

E. obelisca Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 28). — stephensii Heydem. denotes a smaller stephensii.
form from Holstein. Ground colour instead of being purplish brown is more of a grey-black with faint reddish
undertone or quite slate-black. Costa and the two stigmata pale yellowish with grey centres and finely circum¬
scribed by black. Hindwings purer white in and more narrowly shaded with dark grey; darker grey in §.

When describing this form, Heydemann draws attention to the fact that specimens from humid climates, from
localities on the Atlantic and moist mountain regions appear to have more attentuated segments to antennae
which are less densely and more loosely ciliate. On the other hand specimens from arid continental districts
have stouter antennae with denser and more numerous cilia. — salioclitana Bouts, (pi. 24 h) differs from other salioclitana.
known forms by the considerably paler ground colour; it has shorter pectinations than the of typical swiss
or austrian specimens and the shaft of antennae is somewhat more slender. From Saclas (Seine-et-Oise).

E. theryi Le Cerf most resembles vitta Esp. and christophi Stgr. Forewings reddish grey with reddish theryi.
white costal streak, the median nervure being of similar colouration. Transverse lines are absent. A black basal
streak terminates at base of claviform stigma. The cell between the stigmata is blackened. Orbicular stigma
is reddish grey with fine black circumscription; reniform stigma grey-brown, inclined to grey-white in lower
half; the long claviform stigma has grey centre and black outline. Marginal area is blackish with the exception
of a quadrate paler patch at apex. Subterminal line consists of reddish grey dots, to which on inner side black
sagittate marks are attached. Fringes reddish grey with ochreous basal line. Hindwings yellowish white, tinged
with grey at costa and margin. ahmed Le Cerf is a monotonous ochreous grey form without any paler streak ahmed.
on costa. Wing expanse: 31 — 35 mm. Morocco (Central Atlas), mount Bou Iblane in August at an altitude
of 2500 m.

E. pseudoobelisca Cti. (pi. 25 k) is somewhat smaller than obelisca , the pectinations of the antennae pseudoobe-
of are less boldly pyramidical. Forewings reddish brown with paler brown costa, which is the same colouration
as stigmata. The cell between stigmata and basal area is dusky. From the almost black claviform stigma a
pale brown oblique band extends to anal angle. The veins are slightly dusted blackish. The two transverse
lines are very obscure and indicated by a few arcs. Subterminal line very indistinct anterior to the dark outer
area; there are no sagittate marks. Hindwings almost pure white with veins and margin faintly dusky. From
Ak-Shehir, Anatolia, in September.

E. robiginosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 6 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 30). intensior Drt. (pi. 25 a) is a somewhat intensior.
larger form with wider wings. Forewings are darker and more inclined to grey-brown, more heavily peppered
with black and veins prominently black especially in marginal area. Anatolia and Taurus.

E. anaemica Drt. (pi. 25 g) closely resembles robiginosa. but lias a different shaped valve and is certainly anaemica.
a genuine species. Thorax and forewings pale yellowish grey, sparsely speckled with brown and markings barely
indicated by a few distributed black scales. Anterior transverse line seems to proceed vertically, the posterior
line is faintly dentate. The upper stigmata are indicated and appear to be fairly large; from the reniform traces
of a central line extend to inner margin. Marginal area is slightly more densely peppered with black and has
faint indications of a subterminal band. There are black interneural streaks at margin. Hindwings of <$ white

Supplementary Volume 3

31

cur soria.

sagitta.
sag Wed a.

lecerfi.

mansour.

transcaspica.

rubra.

millieri.

achyricola.

mimouna.

argillosa.

rosacea.

conformis.

costaevittata.

sulcifera.

amoena.

242 EUXOA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

and somewhat transparent, of $ brownish grey with white fringes. From around Van in turkish Armenia, in
August, at an altitude of 2000 m.

E. cursoria Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 6g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 29). Heydemam has very kindly drawn
my attention to a mistake made by Dr. Corti, who seems to have misunderstood Kozhantschikov. The latter
considers — sagitta Hbn. to be a genuine species, but not cursoria v. sagittata Stgr. The type of the latter ori¬
ginates from Swinemunde, whilst sagitta Hbn. is from S. Russia. The v. sagittata Stgr. is not rare on the Baltic
and North Sea coasts.

E. lecerfi Zerny (pi. 25 g) is related to the group of conspicua Hbn., nevadensis Cti. and the subsequent
mansour Le Cerf. Forewings yellowish or inclined to reddish brown, markings as in conspicua-, orbicular stigma
is not oblique, but elongated oval. Sagittate marks before the subterminal line are distinct. The pectinations
of 3 antennae are longer than in the other species mentioned and there are differences in the genitalia. From
Tachdirt in the High Atlas (Morocco) in July at an altitude of 2300 to 3100 m.

E. mansour Le Cerf is also closely related to conspicua Hbn. and has similar markings. Colouration is
more of an ochreous brown, the markings are rather more clear, without being much more prominent. Orbi¬
cular stigma smaller, liindwings paler, marginal band narrower and more definite in outline. Wing expanse:
41 mm. Central Atlas, Morocco in August at an altitude of 3100 m.

E. transcaspica Kozh. was omitted by Dr. Corti. It is probably the same species as E. catervaria Cti.
(Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 30), which was described later and therefore the first name has priority. It is a monotonous
grey with faint markings. According to size and general appearance it is nearest to hilaris. All 3 transverse
lines are black, faintly undulate, the blackish subterminal line is diffuse or absent. On margin there are black,
streaks edged inwardly with white. The upper stigmata are only barely indicated, claviform stigma is quite
absent. Hindwings grey with white fringes. Wing expanse; 32 — 39 mm. Sumbar in Transcaspia.

E. cos Him. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 6 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 30). — rubra Cti. is a dark brick-red specimen that
forms a special race around the Lebanon, where so many species incline to be ruddy. Similar specimens however
have occurred in Spain and the Pyrenees. Kozhantschikov holds the opinion that cos and - millieri Stgr.
are 2 separate species and alleges that there are distinct differences in the genitalia. It appears that all the
specimens he deems to be millieri are from Georgia and the Crimea, whilst the millieri (Stgr.) Berce was described
from S. France and these specimens show no differences anatomically or in general appearance from cos. neither
do the specimens from the Abruzzi. As these specimens from the Crimea are said to have wider forewings, a
broader discal area and a differently shaped posterior transverse line, this may be a new species, it certainly
does not appear to be millieri.

E. achyricola Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 32). According to Boursin this is the same species as heringi signata
Stgr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 31) but the name can be retained, as a form of candelarum Stgr. has the same name
signata. Probably it is only the anatolian form of decora Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 6 d; Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 31). A
large number have been captured at Ak-Shehir and also in N. Persia (Elburz mountains) and a fresh illustration
is given on pi. 24 h, as the illustration on pi. 4 d of the Supplement left something to be desired.

Rh . mimouna Le Cerf (26 d) is possibly only a decora form with rather more boldly serrate antennae. Fore¬
wings pearly grey to brown, markings indicated rather paler. The antemedian line consists of 4 equal arcs
with darker outer edges. The posterior transverse line is dentate on the veins. The small round orbicular and
the reniform stigmata have faintly ochreous surrounds. Claviform stigma is absent. Subterminal line is indicated
by a row of pale dots. Fringes grey, ochreous at base, intersected by a grey line. Hindwings grey, duskier at
margin. Wing expanse: 33 — 39 mm. Colouration is very variable: — argillosa Le Cerf is inclined to pale yellow¬
ish grey, marginal area slightly duskier, markings clearer, transverse lines darker grey. — rosacea Le Cerf is
a rosy ochreous, markings as in argillosa. Central Atlas, Morocco, in August, September at an altitude of about
3000 m.

E. diaphora Boars. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 34). — conformis Bours. corresponds to the donzeli form of siepii
or to the praevisa form of distinguenda and differs from type by the yellowish brown ground colour and similarly
coloured costa and the absence of the claviform stigma. Uralsk.

E. cortii Wcgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 34). — costaevittata Wgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 34) should be classified
as a form of this species. According to information of Boursin genitalia of both are identical.

E. sulcifera Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 33; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 34). We are now able to give an illustration (pi. 25 d)
of this rare and remarkable species. It has now also been discovered at Ak-Shehir in Anatolia.

E. amoena Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 38). According to Kozhantschikov this is
no Euxoa, but an Agrotis ( Ochropleura according to Kozhantschikov) and identical with flavida again described

EUXOA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 24 3

by Dr. Corti on p. 71 of this Supplement, flavida therefore becomes a synonym and the name arnoena should
be substituted.

E. apocrypha Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 37). According to Kozi-iantschikov this should be classified as a apocrypha.
synonym to basigrxmma (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 37).

M. lidia Cr. (Vol. 3, p. 33, pi. 7 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 39). Kozhantschikov continues to maintain that, lidia.
lidia and adumbrata Ev. are conspecific, the genitalia of these forms and also of polygonides are quite identical
and in the these are very characteristic and the same in all 3 forms. Also the antennae of the are alike,
with short serrations and faintly ciliate. On the other hand — phantoma Kozh. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 33) has differ- phantoma.
ently constructed antennae and a different formation of the genitalia. Kozhantschikov, who has examined
the types of Eversmann, therefore concludes that Dr. Corti had mistaken adumbrata for phantoma and thinks
that no other explanation is possible.

M. detorta Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 32; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 39). According to both Filip.jev and Kozhantschikov detorta.
this is conspecific with cur soria Stgr.

M. aimonis Trti. Described from a single ^ and its classification consequently uncertain. Forewings aimonio.
montonous earthern brownish. The blackish transverse lines consist of striated dots. In place of the orbicular
stigma 2 elongated dots, reniform stigma merely indicated and faintly darker. The subterminal consists of a
complete row of sagittate marks and the marginal line also is made up of black triangular dots. Hindwings
thinly scaled and earthen grey. Frons has a cratershaped prominence. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Karakorum.

M. vanensis sp. n. (pi. 25 h) should be classified next to foeda Led. (Vol. 3, p. 32, pi. 7 a; Suppl. Vol. 3 vanensis.
p. 41). According to Boursin this is a genuine Meseuxoa and is closely related to enitens Cti. and its form mar-
morosa Cti., which he does not consider to be a Feltia. The differences however are sufficient to establish a
genuine species. Colour of thorax and forewings is brownish earthen grey, coarsely peppered witli black. Collar
with wide blackish transverse band that is edged on both sides with deeper black. Basal streak is absent. Both
transverse lines are simple and crenulate. Orbicular and reniform stigmata large, of the same colour as the
ground and with fine black circumscriptions. Between them is a black quadrate mark, that generally has an
“X” shape. Marginal area dusky grey with subterminal line therein, irregularly dentate and barely paler than
the general ground colour. Beyond the black marginal triangles, there is a paler basal fringe line, the fringes
themselves are grey-brown. Hindwings pure white, dusky in no discal spot and very pale yellowish grey
marginal line, fringes glossy white. Underside of forewings pale yellowish grey with discal spot and postmedian.

Shaft of antennae is bold with fine serrations and fascicles of cilia, only ciliate in terminal third. Type from
around. Van in turkish Armenia, a few specimens have also been captured in the Taurus (Marash) and Anatolia
(Ak-Shehir) in September. (Collection of Draudt.)

M. hilaris Err. (Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 6 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 41). The group of forms belonging here is extremely hi tar in.
difficult to classify and the position is by no means clear. In correspondence with Mr. Boursin nothing definite
could be ascertained. He writes: “This Meseuxoa group is very complicated and in my opinion it is too early
as yet to form a final opinion. The illustration of hilaris in Seitz Supplement (pi. 6 i) is — conifera Chr., which conifera.
is not identical with hilaris. I consider that the genuine hilaris is the same as the new species established bv
Kozhantschikov as — rjabovi (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 42), but in regard to this I shall only be able to speak with rjabovi.
authority a little later.” I received from N. Persia, through the kindness of Mr. Pfeiffer, a large number of a
small species, that I first considered to be hilaris , but Boursin asserts that they have no connection at all and
that he holds these to be a new Meseuxoa similar to opportuna Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 5 cl) and subvaria,

Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 40, pi. 5 c). I am describing them provisionally as follows:

M. difficillima sp. n. (pi. 26 b). Head and thorax pale earthen brownish, collar with black central line, difficillima.
palpi laterally with a few blackish hairs, scapulae similarly before the inner margin. Forewings pale brownish
grey, sparsely peppered with blackish. Generally somewhat paler and inclined to yellowish grey at costa, inner
margin and in upper stigmata. Subbasal consists of 2 black double arcs, both transverse lines are double and
undulate, the posterior one dentate, the edges of the two lines, that face one another, are more heavily black
than the outer edges, which are often quite extinct. Claviform stigma is large, with black surround, the two
upper stigmata similarly; orbicular is somewhat oblique and oval, frequently elliptical at top; reniform has a
bolder grey core. The cell is with black scales of varying intensity before and between the stigmata. Between
veins 4 and 5 generally a fine black longitudinal streak extends to the subterminal, which is only indicated
by the contrast between the postmedian area and the deep grey-black narrow marginal area. Anterior to it
a few black short sagittate marks. The veins in the postmedian area are slightly peppered with grey. At margin
there are bold black triangular marks and beyond them a bright orange-yellow basal line to fringes. The fringes
are grey-black, paler at extremities. Hindwings brownish grey, darker at margin with bold discal spot and
faintly darker veins. Fringes yellowish in basal half, outwardly whitish. Underside pale yellowish grey, darker
at margin with bold discal spots and indicated postmedian lines. At margin of both wings there are protracted
black triangles and an orange yellowish base to fringes. A large number of specimens have been received from

244

AGROTIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

atlanta.

dirempta.

sabulosa.

fortunata.

liouvillei.

albula.

variegata.

aragonensis.

nigriorbis.

wagneri.

rubrofusca.

puta.

anastasia.

serraticornis.

mairitensis.

messaouda.

flagrans.

the Elburz mountains (Kendevan Pass and Tacht i Suleiman). Types in the collection of Draudt, cotypes in
the collection of Pfeiffer and Boursin.

21. Genus: Agrotis 0.

A. atlanta Le Cerf is close to graslini B.sdv. ; forewings pale ashen grey, with reddish tone at the lower
angle of cell between veins 2 and 3 and around the submedian fold. The mediana and base of nervure 2 are
white. Stigmata with black surrounds. Orbicular stigma white, reniform with a white arc only on inner edge.
It differs from graslini by the wider and more rounded wing contour, the more precise and clearer markings.
W. Morocco on the dunes on the atlantic coast; Casablanca. Wing expanse: 31 — 40 mm. In September.

A. dirempta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 24; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 43). We are now able to give an illustration (pi. 25 h).

A. sabulosa Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 25, pi. 12 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 47). A perfect specimen of very pale grey
colouration has now also been captured at Teneriffe and we are illustrating it on pi. 25 h, as it varies consider¬
ably from type. We introduce the name — fortunata /. n. for it.

A. liouvillei Le Cerf (pi. 25 h). Forewings ochreous whitish with very distinct black markings. Anterior
transverse line is not dentate, whilst the posterior line is dentate. Subterminal line with distinct sagittate marks.
The round orbicular stigma has brown core and ochreous circumscription; reniform is dark brown and the
elongate claviform is dark ochre. Basal and marginal areas sparsely speckled with blackish. Hindwings impure
white, slightly more dusky at margin with pale ochreous marginal line. Morocco (Central Atlas). The larvae
probably feed on some small Festuca plant.

A. chretieni Bum. (Vol. 3, p. 25, pi. 5 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 48). — albula Fdz. is a form that is more heavily
powdered over with grey-white, so that fore and hindwings are alike. Markings of forewdngs almost obsolete,
only the reniform stigma and the dark grey marginal lunules are retained. Burgos, Spain.

A. cinerea Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 27, pi. 5 g ; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 48). The aberrative specimen with heavy
central shade, illustrated on pi. 7 a of this Supplement, is named by Schawerda: — ab. variegata; his specimen
was captured at Waidbruck. — aragonensis Schaw. denotes a small narrow- winged from Aragon (Sierra Alta)
of very dark grey-brown colouration, the markings are still just discernible.

A. exclamationis L. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 7 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 49). — nigriorbis Zerny (pi. 25 h) is a very
distinct form from the High Atlas (Tachdirt), in which the stigmata have deep black centres and especially
the orbicular stigma, whilst the claviform stigma is very long and stout, the transverse lines very heavy.

A. ripae Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 9 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 50). The form — - wagneri Cti. which shows extreme
variation, is illustrated (pi. 25 i).

A. trux Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 30, pi. 6 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 51). — rubrofusca Schaw. is deep fuscous on fore¬
wings, head and thorax. Corsica and also Albarracin.

A. puta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 28, pi. 6 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 51). An new locality for this species is the Canary
Islands (Teneriffe), where it occurs in the form syricola Cti.

A. anastasia Drt. (pi. 25 e). This is best classified between lutescens Ev. and romanovi Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 38
and 39; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 53). Thorax and forewings pale yellowish. Edge of collar widely brownish. Transverse
lines on forewings commence at black costal spots, the anterior one is only partially present, the posterior line
is indicated by black-brown dots on veins, that become more coherent below vein 2. Subterminal line is indicated
by a brown dentate inner edge. Stigmata are merely discernible through faint brownish surrounds in cell and
beyond it. Before the reniform stigma there is a stout black streak. Hindwings pure white. Taurus (Marasli);
Van; Iraq (western slopes of the Kurdistan mountains). Occurring in August.

A. serraticornis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 53). This species is certainly also found
in type form in Asia Minor. It definitely occurs at Angora (teste Rebel) and at Ak-Shehir (in the collection
of Draudt).

Subgenus: Powellinia Obth.

P. matritensis Vasq. (Vol. 3, p. 24; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 54) and messaouda Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 i; Suppl.
Vol. 3, p. 54) are conspecific and merely forms of one and the same species.

Subgenus: Cladocerotis Hmps.

C. flagrans Pglr. Described by the author as Euxoa from 2 was omitted from the Supplement. It
apparently closely resembles tischendorffi Pglr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 55) but is of a richer brick-red colouration
with very similar but rather more obsolescent markings. Hindwings suffused with brownish grey, no discal

AGROTIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

245

spots. Underside pale reddish grey, all wings with wide, diffuse arched line, no discal spots. Wing expanse:

32 — 37 mm. From Aleppo.

C. benigna Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 54). A new locality for this species is the Taurus (Marash). I have a benigna.
specimen from there before me that is quite devoid of markings and whitish grey and a second similar specimen
that is pale reddish brown.

C. tischendorffi Pglr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 55). Like the preceding species, this lias now also been captured twc.hr adorff
in the Taurus (Achyr Dagh) in October and further is reported from the Lebanon. It does not seem to be con-
specific with benigna , the latter has a distinct dark discal spot on hindwings, which in normal setting is parallel
to the axis of abdomen, tischendorffi has merely a very thin, scarcely darker cell-end streak, that with similar
setting, forms an angle to the axis of the body. Specimens of tischendorffi occur, that are earthy brownish with
very faint reddish sheen instead of the usual brick-reddish colour.

Subgenus: Ogygia Him.

0. celsicola Bell. (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 55). This species and the allied nearest forms celsicola.
are such a difficult subject, that even today it is impossible to give final decisions. Boursin has considered the
matter and writes to me: “This group must one day be made the subject of special study. In my opinion
amasina Trti. has no connection with celsicola and should be considered a genuine species. In these groups, amasina.
where the species are so closely allied and where the genitalia are so similar, any small constant difference is
of great importance, which in other groups would perhaps not have the value of denoting a difference between
races. After examination of a few prepared specimens of amasina and celsicola (from France) I have found
differences — particularly in the fultura — and according to other outer characteristics, the two do not seem
to me to be conspecific; also — gracilis Wgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 55) 1 do not consider to be a form of celsicola ; gracilis.
on the other hand I believe I have received the genuine celsicola from Iraq." — Meanwhile certainly genuine
celsicola have been captured in the Elburz mountains (N. Persia). It must be remarked here that through some
incomprehensible oversight, amasina was indicated as being a form of forcipula, which is certainly not the case.

For the moment therefore, gracilis , as well as amasina, should be held to be genuine species.

0. wiltshirei Bours. should be classified near libanicola Cti. and amasina Trti. Forewings fairly dark wiltshirei.
brown with distinct antemedian and indistinct claviform stigma with brown-black surround. Orbicular stigma
pure white with brown central streak and reniform stigma is similar. Postmedian is present. Subterminal line
consists of whitish streaks with black-brown sagittate marks attached inwardly on veins 6 — 8. The fringes
are of the same shade and have a black-brown marginal line. Hindwings white, tinged with brownish towards
the margin and especially at apex. Wing expanse; 32 — 35 mm. Iraq (Rayat).

0. forcipula Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 55). — nigrescens Hofm. (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 f) nigrescens.
is also a genuine species. Boursin writes to me in regard to this: “ nigrescens is quite different to forcipula.

Both occur together and fly concurrently, for instance at St. Martin-Vesubie, where I have taken them myself.
nigrescens is always the larger, is darker and has a very dentate postmedian and also the genitalia of this group
are very different. I hold the opinion that until the necessary material has been assembled, all these specimens
should be classified separately in nomenclature.” In obscurior Cti. the locality Becharre in the Lebanon, obscurior.
should be added. — atlantis Schwing. (26 d) is larger and has wider wings than forcipula or nigrescens, to which atlantis.
latter it is more likely to be allied. It closely resembles obscurior , but is much paler and more reddish, as is the
case with so many insects from the High Atlas. The markings are indistinct and inclined to be diffuse. From
Tachdirt, Iminene valley, also Sidi Chamarouche. From end of May to early July.

0. latipennis Pglr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 55). This interesting species is now known to occur in the neigh- latipennis.
bourhood of lake Van.

0. signifera F. (Vol. 3, p. 35, pi. 7 g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 56). — orientis Alph. An examination of the orientis.
genitalia has shown that this is a genuine species. A number of specimens are before me from Angora.

0. sureyae Rbl (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 56). This species, which has meanwhile been captured around Van sureyae.
is now being illustrated (pi. 25 i).

Subgenus: Dichagyris Led.

D. melanura Roll. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 10 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 57). - roseotincta Cti. is a nice form from roseotincta.
Becharre in the Lebanon, with forewings with roseate suffusion. End of June, beginning of July.

D. illauta Drt. (pi. 25 b) closely resembles melanura Roll. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 10 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 57). itlauta.

On an average it is somewhat smaller and of darker greyer or more yellowish grey or reddish brown ground
colouration. Transverse lines are more distinct, as also is a central shade. The 3 — 4 black costal spots are fainter
and duller. The black marginal band is narrower and equally wide to the anal angle, with indications of a sub-
terminal line. Fringes pale with light reddish yellow base line. Hindwings whitish, also in $ becoming dusky
towards margin but without the black marginal band of melanura. Fringes white. Anatolia, Taurus, Araxes.

AGROTIS. By Dr. M. Draitdt.

jacobsoni.

assimilata.

armeniaca.

nigrolineata.

nigrolineata.

dubiosa.

crimaea.

inex-pectata.

venosa.

melanuroi-

des.

griseotincta.

tyrannus.

sirialus.

246

D. jacobsoni Kozh. has been overlooked. Ground colour of forewings rosy whitish, peppered with black,
with black and very sharply distinct markings. Fringes pale with dark striations. Hindwings pale with a wide
dark outer band. Underside pale, glossy with dark margin. Wing expanse: 35 — 40 mm. Transcaspia (Surnbar;
Kisil Art). It differs from the similar umbrifera Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 f) by the paler ground colour, more
diffuse postmedian, but more distinct subterminal line; on hindwings marginal band is more distinctly outlined.

D. assimilata Kozh. resembles clara 8t.gr. (Vol. 3, p. 34; Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 59), differing by the markings
and the size. Colour is pale ashen grey, peppered with black. Stigmata are faint, as in clara. Both transverse
lines are more widely separated from one another on costa. Subterminal line distinct, wide and boldly dentate.
Central shade in the form of a square on costa, wider than in clara. The central area is only half as wide at
inner margin as in its upper half. The posterior transverse line is only very faintly excurved. Hindwings dark,
paler towards base with almost white fringes. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Caucasus (Arash).

D. armeniaca Kozh. is also like clara, but considerably smaller and of ashen grey colour densely speckled
with black. Markings are only poorly developed. Stigmata practically absent, transverse lines however are
present. The black subterminal line is somewhat diffuse and with big dentations. Fringes pure white. Hind¬
wings somewhat dusky from margin to centre. Underside whitish grey with tips of fore wings blackened. An¬
tennae of 8 with short and fine cilia. Wing expanse: 34 mm. armeniaca differs from the also somewhat similar
celebrata Alph. by the more distinct subterminal line and from assimilata by the much wider central area. From
Armenia (Migry). Described from one specimen.

0. nigrolineata Kozh. (pi. 25 i) closely resembles the squalorum group. Ground colour grey-brown, be¬
strewn with black. The black markings are well developed, the postmedian is markedly displaced inwards, so
that the outer area is very wide and occupies nearly half the wing. In this way great similarity to squalidior
is created. Outer area is dark, cuneiform marks on subtermina-l line are only faintly indicated. Hindwings
dark in $, pale in disc in Wing expanse: 32 — 35 mm. N. Persia (Shahkuh).

D. eremicola Stfs. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 12 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 57). — nigrolineata Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 57)
should not be mistaken for the preceding genuine species and should be renamed — dubiosa f. n., as Dr. Corti
only gave his name in 1933, whilst the preceding species was denominated in 1930.

D. squalorum Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 49, pi. 10 i, k; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 57). crimaea Kozh. denoted as a form
by Dr. Corti, is a genuine species according to Kozhantschikov, and is closer to valesiaca than to squalorum,
but differs from both in the genitalia. Generally the orbicular stigma is smaller than in the other two species,
the colouration has a yellowish tinge and dark or brown shades are quite absent. The large reniform stigma
is elliptical outwardly. The distance between the postmedian and reniform stigma is always greater than the
width of the latter. Discal and marginal areas are about equally wide. Subterminal line has a white inner edge.
Hindwings as in valesiaca. The species also occurs in the Kara-dagh.

D. inexpectata W. Kozh. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 57) was introduced as a form of valesiaca , but according to
Kozhantschikov it is a genuine species, the genitalia of the two species showing considerable divergences.
Forewings pale to dark grey-brown, those of the $ being constantly distinctly darker. All transverse lines are
deep black, the dark central shade is intersected in the middle. Subterminal line has a few black sagittate marks
inwardly. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are not large, round. Claviform stigma with sharp black circum¬
scription, but very small. Hindwings of grey-white, of $ dark grey with dusky veins and margin. Minus-
sinsk, also reported from the Altai.

D. venosa Kozh. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 58). This was also enumerated as a valesiaca form, it is however a
genuine species and it was a mistake to state “Corti ined. ". It closely resembles the forms of the squalorum
group and also tyrannus, hut it can be easily differentiated bv the pale colour of the hindwings of <$ (white).
Markings as in squalorum , but more distinct and with white outline, in squalorum they are simply dark. Sub-
terminal cuneiform marks are more bold, veins distinctly prominent and dark. Wing contour rather more
protracted and pointed than in any of the other species. Pamir and Semiretje, not from Sarepta.

D. melarsuroides Kozh. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 58) is a genuine species with different genitalia. It occurs in
Turkestan and W. Bokhara.

D. griseotincta Wgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 58) is also not a form of valesiaca, but according to Bourses
a genuine species. Whether brunneotincta should lie classified with it, is not certain.

D. tyrannus 0. R.-H . (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 58) is an entirely separate species from celebrata. Alph. and readily
distinguished. According to Ko zhantschiko v, the latter does not belong among the Dichagyris, but to the
Subgenus Ochropleura. The most important and characteristic difference is that in celebrata, the two upper
stigmata are entirely absent, whilst in tyrannus they are present and between them there is a distinct and bold
black quadrate mark. — striatus Kozh. is a form from N. Persia (Shahrud), which is marked with bold and
well developed longitudinal streaks.

HU VAC 1 A. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

247

D. squalidior Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 49; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 58). albicolaris Kozh. is a form with pale whitish a t hi color i •>-.
grey ground colour and less prominent black transverse lines. Caucasus (Borshcm).

D. fimbriola Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 13 f; Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 58). amaliae Fdz. is found to be a synonym amaliae.

to the form iberica Zerny. - iminetlia Zerny (pi. 25 i) is the largest of all known fimbriola races, with a wing imiwnia.

expanse up to 32 mm. Forewings paler or darker reddish brown, generally with a well pronounced central shade.

The very distinct transverse lines are always double. The pale subterminal line is very distinct in the dark
marginal area, the cell between the stigmata is generally boldly black. From Tachdirt in the High Atlas
(Morocco) in July, at an altitude of 2200 to 2700 m.

D. laeta Rbl. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 58) is not a form of fimbriola Esp., as was assumed in the Supplement la eta.

but is a genuine species. It occurs simultaneously with fimbriola — form zerny i Cti. — in the same localities

in Anatolia. The genitalia show a constant variation: the valve is wider, the lower process of the double harpe
extends considerably beyond the lower edge of the valve, which is not the case in fimbriola-, the ventral plate,
which in the latter has the shape of the Ace of Diamonds with 4 long protracted points, is triangular in laeta-,
the penis of laeta is bent at a right angle and has a cluster of small tenuaoed black-brown chitinised corneous
stalks, whilst in fimbriola it is only slightly bent, the corneous stalks are more widely triangular, thicker and
much paler chitinised.

D. despeda (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 59). The author of this species is not Bang-Haas, who had only named despeda.
it in lift, from undescribed specimens in the Pungeler collection.

D. singulars Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 34, pi. 12 g; Suppl. Vol. 3, S. 59) should be classified, according to Koz- singularis.
hantschikov, under the Subgenus Ochroplenra Hb. and not under Dichagyris. The same applies to ignara Stgr.

(Vol. 3, p. 34. pi. 7 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 59).

D. subsqualorum Kozh. (25 i) is very like squalorum, but the genitalia are more like those of inexpectata. subsqualo-
Ground colour earthern or grey-brown with whitish grey tinge. Markings black; orbicular stigma small, round,
reniform further removed from postmedian; central area wider than marginal area; subterminal line with pale
outer edge; cuneiform marks faint; marginal area only slightly darker. Hindwings pure white, dusky at margin
in Antennae of <$ with slighter and shorter cilia than squalorum. Caucasus (Borshom, Dargestan); Trans¬
caucasia (Tiflis); Armenia; N. Persia.

Subgenus: Chersotis Bsdv.

Ch. multangvla Him. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. It) h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 59). — travunia Schaw. According to the travunia.
author, this is distinct from dissoluta ; travunia has pale brown ground, with contrasting darker brown markings,
which however are much fainter and more curtailed than in the pale grey dissoluta. Also hindwings are much
paler and whitish.

Ch. gratissima Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 59). A further locality, where this pretty species has been found, gratissima.
is around Lake Van in turkish Armenia.

Ch. guberlae Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 60) also occurs at Ak-Shehir in Anatolia. guberlae.

Ch. juvenis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 48, pi. 12 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 60). Dr. Corti has again illustrated this species juvenis.
on pi. 7 1 under the denomination “clarivenosa” , without however giving a description. The small species also
occurs in Anatolia and in the Elburz mountains in N. Persia.

Ch. semna Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 48; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 61). This nice species has also been discovered in the semna.
Elburz mountains in N. Persia, as well as at Van in turkish Armenia.

Ch. zukowskyi Drt. (24 b) should be classified between maraschi Cti. and sordescens Stgr. (Suppl. Vol. 3. zukowskyi.
p. 61). Thorax and forewings roseate yellowish white, the latter sparsely speckled with black. Transverse
lines are rather incomplete, a bold median band merges with the postmedian. The space between the stigmata
forms an “X” and is deep black. The boldly dentate subterminal line has a broad blackish inner edge. There
is a yellow-white marginal line before the grey speckled fringes. Hindwings white, faintly dusky towards the
margin. N. E. Asia Minor (Sivas).

21. Genus: Itliyacla Hbn.

Rh. subrosea Steph. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 63). — rubrifera Warn, denotes specimens rubrifera.
that are more heavily red-brown and blue-grey, such as the majority of the specimens captured on the european
continental mainland.

Rh. glebosa Stgr. (pi. 24 i) was omitted both from the Main Volume and the Supplement. This pretty glebnsa.
species is best classified between glareosa Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 63) and margaritacea Till.

(Vol. 3, p. 54. pi. 13 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 64). It is smaller and sleeker with somewhat narrower wings and more

rafidain.

columbina.

fuliginosa.

peterseni.

rupicola.

eremica.

caerulescens.

pontica.

pseudolatens.

cervantes.

sellers.

24s RHYACIA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

oblique margin. Forewings pale bluish grey, basal area, stigmata and the space between the barely discernible
postmedian and subterminal lines slightly paler still, almost whitish. Subbasal and anterior transverse line
are indicated by heavy black striated spots, the cell space between the stigmata is deep black, as also is a costal
streak above the reniform stigma. Marginal area slightly darker. Hindwings pale grey with white fringes.
Described from Zeitun, but also occurring in the Elburz mountains in N. Persia.

Rh. rafidain Bours. seems to belong to the insignata group, but as hitherto no <$ has been captured, the
classification is still somewhat uncertain. Forewings grey, admixed with rosy brown. The black-brown ante-
median is clear, claviform stigma absent. Orbicular stigma small and indistinct, the cell space between it and
the insignificant reniform stigma is rose-brown. The posterior transverse line is rather less distinct than the
anterior line and behind it subapically on costa there is a large dark brown streak. Subterminal line is barely
visible. There are black dots on the nerves before the fringes, which are the same colour as the wings. Hind-
wings impure white with wide dark marginal band. Wing expanse: 32 mm. Iraq, Bagdad.

Rh. insignata Led. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 64). — columbina Drt. (25 b) is a very pale
blue-grey form with faint violet hue, slightly darkened median area and very large stigmata. The latter are
not paler in centres and are delicately but distinctly circumscribed with yellow-white. All markings are very
delicate. Hindwings pure white without marginal line. Anatolia (Sultan-Dagh) and also from around Lake
Van. - fuliginosa Drt. (25 b) on the contrary is heavily suffused with grey-black, the veins standing out pro¬
minently white. A very large form from Van.

Rh. peterseni Krul. ( = eversmanni Pet.) was accidentally omitted. Superficially it closely resembles
collina Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 47, pi. 12 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 65), but the genitalia are differently constructed. It is
easily differentiable from collina by the dark intertilling of the space between the posterior transverse stripe
and the subterminal line. In colouration this species most resembles dark forms of / estiva, that approach the
/. thulei. Esthland, Finland, Leningrad, Urals.

Rh. rupicola Trti. (pi. 24 i) is classified by its author next to senescens and quadrangula on account of
the pectinated antennae of the <$. Superficially it would seem to have a closer resemblance to renigera and
related forms. Meanwhile we place it after jordani, which also has pectinated antennae. Ground colour yellowish
white with faint roseate hue, markings diffuse olive-brown, sometimes almost obsolescent; at margin there
are black streaks in the interstices between the veins. Hindwings whitish, tinged with rose towards margin
and with olive post-median. The d antennae are bi pectinated, pectinations becoming shorter and finer towards
the tip. Cyrenaica in October, November.

Rh. devota Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 15 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 65). — eremica Amsel is much more yellowish
and with fainter markings. On underside it is not darker towards margin. Wing contour is wider and it is of
stouter build. Genitalia as in devota and not as renigera. Palestine (Georgian Monastery) in March.

Rh. caerulescens Wgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 65) has no connection with renigera Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 e;
Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 65) and is probably a form of hadjina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 15 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 66) unless
it is a separate species. It also occurs in N. Persia (Elburz mountains) and the specimens from there, are a very
nice grey-blue shade with pale orange-yellow stigmata.

Rh. latens Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 52, pi. 1 1 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 66). — pontica. Drt. (pi. 25 e) is somewhat smaller
and of more graceful build, paler earthen grey with simplified markings. There is no central shade and sub¬
terminal line only very faint. Stigmata barely discernible. Hindwings paler, whitish. From Anatolia and
N. Persia.

Rh. pseudolatens Schwing. (26 d) is an intermediate between grisescens and latens. The yellowish grey
wider forewings more closely resemble grisescens and especially the form thianshanica, whilst the uniformly
grey-brown hindwings are more like those of latens in that they are not paler at base and have no arched stripe
either on upper or undersides. Whether this is a genuine species or not, cannot as yet be decided. The character¬
istic yellow-grey colour, the wing contour and its isolated occurrence — grisescens and latens have not yet been
found in Africa — suffice to separate it. It occurs at Tachdirt in the High Atlas (Morocco) at the end of July
at an altitude of 2300 — 3100 m.

Rh. grisescens F. (Vol. 3, p. 29, pi. 6g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 66). cervantes Reisser (pi. 25 k) denotes a
robust, wide winged race with ochreous ground colour, which is sometimes somewhat shaded by black speckling.
All wings silkily glossy, the black markings distinct and well developed, also the central shade is clear and wide.
Fringes with ochreous yellow base line. Hindwings pale yellowish grey with dark veins, indications of a post¬
median and a faintly dusky margin. This form, which emanates from Spain, despite its different appearance,
is conspecific with grisescens as the genitalia are identical. Sierra de Gredos, in July.

Rh. sellers Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 67). It wms already indicated in this Supple¬
ment that this group of forms presents difficulties; sollers was described from Persia and whether the forms
described in Main Volume belong to it, is still doubtful. It is certain that the specimens from Anatolia and the
Taurus (Marash) supposed to be sollers are n o t- this species, but probably a separate species. Boursin, avIio
just at. the moment is devoting himself to this group, writes to me preliminarily that he has had an opportunity
to examine the original types of sollers Chr. of Statjdinger which the latter had received direct from Christoph.

Publ. 13. I. 1937.

RHYAGIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

24!)

The species seems to be rare in collections. He adds that the particulars given by Corti (Ent. Mitt. 1927,

XVI, p. 71) in regard to a subdivision of this group, into those with projection and those without projection
at the lower edge of valve, are incorrect and not in accordance with actual facts. Boursin, who has examined
the genitalia of all the species of this group, as far as were available, hopes to publish very shortly a recapitn
lation dealing with the whole group. In this, the above species from the Taurus and Ak-Shehir, will be described.
Meanwhile it may be remarked that — obumbrata Stcjr. (Vol. 3, p. 55) is a genuine species, that has no connection obumbrata.
with sollers. — sollertina Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 9 d). According to Boursin this is only a palerspecimen s olbrtina.
of obumbrata.

Rh. obsoleta Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 9 d) from the Lebanon, is according to information from obsolete.
Boursin, certainly a genuine species, that has no connection whatever with Candida Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 13 d;

Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 67). It may possibly be related to socors Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 9 e), which was described
from the Alexander Mountains and Djarkent.

Rh. paralia Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 9 d). Boursin considers this identical with Candida. Stgr. par, ilia.

Rh. dormitans Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 67, pi. 9 c). According to Boursin this should certainly be classified dormitans.
with laetifica.

Rh. damnata sp. n. (pi. 26 b). According to the opinion of Mr. Boursin this is a new species in this damnata.
extremely difficult group of forms around sollers and closely resembles the anatolian pseudo sollers that has
not yet been described . Wing contour is elongate and narrow as in related species. Head and thorax glossy
vellow-grey, sprinkled with brownish, base of palpi and edges of eyes inclined to ochreous. Forewings have
pale ochreous grey ground densely speckled with slate-grey, most densely in marginal area. Subbasal and
anterior transverse lines double, slate-grev, interfilled with pale ochreous yellowish. The posterior transverse
line is single, rarely double, boldly crenulate with pale outer edge. The orbicular stigma is yellowish, a supine
very small narrow oval. Reniform stigma is completely obliterated by the dark central shade, or is only faintly
indicated in paler outline. There is practically no trace of a subterminal line or on its inner side there are some¬
what darker grey sagittate streaks that more or less merge with one another. Marginal line bright ochreous,
fringes darker grey in basal half, paler at extremities. Hindwings fairly dark grey-brownish with darker veins
and discal lunule and almost white fringes that are somewhat yellowish at base. On underside the hindwing-
have a wide dark marginal band, that is fairly definitely outlined by the postmedian. Very variable in the
paler or darker ground colour and the distinctness of the transverse lines. The genitalia are said to differ from
sollers by the more heavily chitinised penis, increasedly elongate valves and longer and narrower claspers, also
the dentate projection at lower edge of valve is longer (Boursin). A large number of these have been received
from the Elburz mountains (Tacht i Suleiman) from Pfeiffer; July 1936. Types in the collection of Draudt,
cotypes in the collection of Pfeiffer.

Rh. figulina Drt . (pi. 25 c) belongs to the same group of forms as the preceding species. It. has long narrow figulina.
forewings of reddish clay ground colour, suffused with grey-white at costa and inner margin. Markings leaden
grey, in similar arrangement to the preceding species. Transverse lines single, crenulate. Orbicular stigma is
a grey dot, reniform stigma a faint grey crescentiform streak. Subterminal is absent; there are small black
triangular dots anterior to a reddish yellow fringe base line. The fringes themselves are pale grey, with paler
division. Hindwings brownish white with brown veins and discal lunule and white fringes. There is a marginal
line expanding between the veins. Described from 1 $ captured in July at Ak-Shehir.

Rh. helvetina Bsdv. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. lie; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 68) — lhassen Le Cerf denotes an ochreous lhassen.
grey race, in which the pale ochreous stigmata and transverse lines are more prominent and brighter. Wing
expanse: 41 — 45 mm. Central Atlas, Morocco in August. Obviously very close to gilva B.-H.

Rh. gilva A. B.-H. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 68). We are now able to give an illustration (pi. 24 i) of a specimen gilva.
from Ak-Shehir, where the species is now also found in the Sultan Dagh at an altitude of 2000 m. It seems
however to be certainly only a form of helvetina .

Rh. dyris Zerny (24 i) very closely resembles darker gilva specimens, but is a genuine species, which dyris.
differs from helvetina by the different build of the antennae and genitalia. Ground colour is inclined to be a
pale brownish red, frequently with roseate hue, the markings are otherwise almost identical; central and sub¬
terminal areas are faintly darker, in the former the stigmata, which are without darker surrounds, seem to
stand out more palely. From the High Atlas (Tachdirt) Morocco at an altitude of 2700 m. A very pale red
specimen has been named — ab. rosea Schwing. ~ rosea.

Rh. flavida Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 71). As stated under E. amoena (p. 242) this is synonymous with
the latter.

Rh. roseoflava Cti. has been temporarily classified with similis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 40; Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 70) roseoflava.
of which it was held to be a form. According to Boursin it is a genuine species that lias no relationship with

Supplementary Volume 3 32

250

RHYACIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

similis. The wing contour is narrower, ground colour pale reddish yellow, the dark marginal lunules are absent.
Abdomen is almost white, antennae, markings, scales and hairs are otherwise the same. Captured at light in
June at Bescharre in the Lebanon.

scruposa. Rh. sciuposa Drt. (25c) is perhaps best classified before wiskotti Stfs. (Vol. 3, p. 51 ; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 71).

Ochreous yellowish brown, more or less peppered with black, widely dusted with greyish white at costa and
inner margin. Anterior transverse line is double like the short subbasal, the posterior transverse line is simple,
sharply dentate with faintly pale outer edge. Orbicular stigma is absent or indicated by a black dot, reniform
stigma is a narrow blackish crescent. The pale subterminal line is dentate with dark inner edge and occasionally
with blackish cuneiform marks anteriorly. Fringes yellowish with 2 brownish dividing lines. Hindwings whitish
in and shaded; blackish brown in with discal spots and postmedian that are heavily marked on underside.
From Sivas in N. E. Asia Minor.

insulicola. Rh. insulicola Trti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 71, pi. 10 c). According to the genitalia, this is a genuine species

and not a form of lucernea. A very pale yellowish grey form with similarly paler hindwings is denominated

pallida, by Schawerda — - pallida. The contrasting dark form — melanophila has the forewings dark grey with blackish
melanophila. (Hper area,; no yellowr.

osmana. Rh. osmana Wgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 72, pi. 10 c). This has proved itself to be a genuine species. From

an examination of the genitalia, it is not a lucernea form.

turbeti. Rh. tuibeti Le Cerf is to be placed next to simulatrix Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 51, pi. 12 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 71)

from which it differs by the narrower wing contour and straighter outer margin. Ground colour is more mono¬
tonous grey, the lines are less heavily dentate and without pale edge. Also the reniform stigma is less prominent.
Orbicular stigma is completely absent. Underside purer white without shading at margin. Ground colour is a
fairly dark ashen grey with scarcely any ochreous tone, markings are slightly darker, reniform stigma obsolescent
indicated by faintly darker shading with a minute pale central streak. Marginal area is not darker, no trace
of a subterminal line or of sagittate streaks. Base of fringes pale ochreous . Wing expanse: 40 mm. Morocco,
Central Atlas in August, at an altitude of 3200 m.

analolica. Rh. elegans Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 53, pi. lli; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 72). — anatolica Drt. (24 i) differs by the much

paler hindwings. These are pure white in <J. Also by the pure white veins on forewings, which are double as
wide as in type. Anatolia (Ak-Shehir) ; on the other hand persian specimens are identical with those from Spain.

Jcacem. Italy and Albania. — kacem Le Cerf differs from european specimens by the more reddish brown ground colour
and more distinct black and white markings. Fringes with brown dividing line. Hindwings darker. Central
Atlas, Morocco.

ponticola. Rh. alpestris Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 1 1 k). — poratieola Drt. (pi. 25 b) has dark coppery forewings peppered

with black, dusted with leaden grey in innermarginal half of central area. Neither veins nor stigmata have pale
outlines and the latter are reddish with brown inner markings. Hindwings paler, whitish towards base. From
Ak-Shehir (Anatolia) and Persia (Elburz mountains).

arnoldi. Rh. amoldi Trti. is unknown to me. The author describes it as a Feltia and places it next to ocellina

and alpestris. Forewings pale brown dusted with grey with whitish subcosta and mediana. Similarly the stigmata
with grey centres, which are situate in black ground of cell. The large claviform stigma is dark grey with black
outline. The postmedian consists of black dots and striations, subterminal line of long black cuneiform marks.
Hindwings grey, dusky towards margin and with faint streak at close of cell. Wing expanse: 29 — 36 mm. Occur¬
ring in 2 generations in April and July, August on the Karakorum at altitudes from 2000 — 4000 m.

elbursica. Rh. elbursica sp. n. (251c). This fine new species is obviously close to the rana form of candelisequa

Schiff., but differs nevertheless considerably. Forewings elongate and extended, pale reddish yellow-grey,
delicately peppered with brownish black. The veins rather more coarsely bestrewn, with no trace of the long
black basal streak. Mai'ginal area somewhat more dusky grey, most widely at apex. Markings very indistinct
except for black dots at lower corners of reniform stigma. Only in one specimen these spots become more obvious
and form a sort of outline to reniform stigma. Fringes pale yellowish with still paler base line. Hindwings
transparent white with fine brownish marginal line, in the $ veins are somewhat brownish. The $ has an ex¬
tended ovipositor. Described from 3 freshly emerged pairs captured in N. Persia (Elburz mountains) at an
altitude of 3000 m. Types in the collection of Draudt. According to Boursin this is an extreme development
of the Dichagyris group as also candelisequa (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 73).

Subgenus: Oiarsia Hbn.

dannehli. Rh. festiva Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 8h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 76). — dannehli Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 75)

an aberrative specimen should be classified here. The plate reference should be cancelled and the specimen

carlilei. is now illustrated on pi. 24 i. carlilei Brandt is much paler, without brown dusting. The posterior transverse

XESTIA; APLECTOIDES; ANOMOGYNA; CERASTIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

251

line is sharply angulated on costa towards the base, the subterminal line is heavily shaded towards the base, it
is intersected by pale radiary streaks. Described from one $ captured in July in Livonia.

Bh. rubi View. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 c). — grisea Peets is a dull grey form with diffuse markings from grixra.

N. Germany.

Rh. florida Schmidt (Vol. 3, p. 46, pi. 10 c). According to the researches of Heydemann, this must now florida.
be considered a genuine species and no longer a form of rubi.

Rh. iobaphes Bours. Ground colour of forewings violet-brown, subbasal only visible at costa. The dark iohaphr.s.
purplish brown antemedian is visible throughout its course. In place of the claviform stigma, that is absent,
there is a tooth-like dark streak before the antemedian pointing towards the base. Stigmata are large and
paler than ground and the cell space between and before them is deep black-brown. There is no central shade
in the somewhat paler median area. Postmedian and subterminal lines are distinctly present. Hindwings impure
brownish yellow with darker marginal band. Wing expanse: 36 mm. The species is to be classified next to rhomb -
oidea Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 45, pi. 10 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 80). From Djebel-Sannin in the Lebanon.

Bh. depuncta L. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 i). -- arenoflavida Schaiv. are specimens of quite pale sandy colour- arenoflavida.
ation with extinct transverse lines and reduced black markings. Reniform stigma barely visiole. Hindwings
pure white, also in §. Somewhat smaller than typical specimens. Albarracin.

Bh. molothina Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 81). — andalusica Schaiv. are such deep andalusica.
purplish black specimens, that the markings are invisible. Hindwings white with blackish costa, outer margin
and veins. Andalusia.

Bh. senna H.-G. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 81). — Violetta Schaw. are not an earthen brown, violetta.
but a deep violet brown ground colour, the black markings very delicate, transverse lines with whitish edges,
the black patch in cell is quite absent. Hindwings somewhat paler with reddish tone. Albarracin, Spain.

Bh. cuprea Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 50, pi. 11 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 81). - pertexta Drt. (25 d) has forewings pertexta.
of a deep violet, chocolate-brown colour, transverse lines and patch in cell between the stigmata are deep velvety
black. Stigmata are grey-black with white circumscriptions, also mediana is white in median area. Hindwings
grey -black with reddish white fringes. From Ak-Sheliir (Sultan Dagh).

28. Genus: Xestia Hbn.

X. enargiaris Drt. (pi. 25 e) is to be placed after miniago Err. (Vol. 3, p. 58, pi. 13 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 83). enargiaris.
Pale yellowish, brownish white, sparsely speckled with pale brown. Transverse lines faintly sinuate, the posterior
line distinct and brown, almost touching the large reniform stigma at lower end of cell. Like the orbicular stigma
this is open at top and bottom, otherwise with a delicate red-brown outline, which unfortunately is not clearly
visible in our illustration. Behind the postmedian there are short blackish striations on veins, beyond which
is the somewhat dentate but bold brown subterminal line. Before the reddish brown fringes there is a further
delicately undulate brown marginal line. Hindwings thinly scaled, pure white with the veins dusted with
brown towards the margin and a delicately undulate marginal line. Marasli, Taurus; September and October.

29. Genus: Ajilectoides Btlr.

A. borealis Nordstrom (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 84). — imandrensis Lingonblad is synonymous to this species, borealis.

imandrensis.

A. speciosa Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 59, pi. 13 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 84). As a subform to arctica, we must add —
diffusa Bangnow. It is a variegated velvety brown, all dark markings obsolete, 2 pale transverse bands with diffusa.
diffuse edges extend across the wing. Only the orbicular stigma is retained, the reniform stigma is extinct.

From Lapland.

30. Genus: Aiioiiiogyna Stgr.

A. sincera H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 59, pi. 13 k; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 85). — fennica Brandt is said to be notably fennica.
paler than the form rhaetica Stgr., the ground colour is a pronounced whitish grey, without any brown tone,
only occasionally the stigmata are a darker nebulous grey. Hindwings also are paler grey. Kuusamo, Finland.

Probably this is only the typical sincera.

32. Genus: Cerastis Fr.

C. witzenmanni St.fs. (Vol. 3, p. 150, pi. 36 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 88). In regard to the form — vinosa Obth. vinosa.
it must be remarked that the illustration on pi. 12 1, does not represent this form, but rather — plumbina Trti.

C. faceta Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 8 c, d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 96). As a synonym to this we have to add: — faceta.
amicta Donz. (“ Orthosia ”).

252 ORTHOSIA; TRIPHAENA; AUCHMIS; BLEPH ARITA ; SCOTOGRAMMA; POLIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

wagneri.

inter jeda.
caliginosa.

argeniea.

immaculata.

lodbjergensis.

compada.

treitschkei.

sodae.

atlantica.

praeconti-

gua.

confusa.

33. Genus: Ortliosfa Tr.

0. senex Guen. (Vol. 3, p. 61, pi. 14 cl; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 88). — wagneri Bours. denotes a somewhat
smaller and considerably darker grey-blue race. Frequently the median area is darker and contrasting, in some
specimens the transverse lines and stigmata are outlined in reddish yellow. Also the hindwings are more heavily
dusted with grey. The form, that is a transition to the still darker typhoea Trti. from Sicily, is described from
Bulgaria, but also occurs in Anatolia.

38. Genus: Tripltaena Hbn.

T. interjecta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 63, pi. 15 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 90). Unfortunately the typical southern form
and — caliginosa Schaw. have been confused. The type originates from Italy and France and is pale ochreous
brown with pale yellow hindwings with narrow black bands, caliginosa is the northern form with dark brown
forewings and deeper yellow hindwings with wider black bands.

42a. Genus: Auchmis Hbn.

A. comma Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 509, pi. 75 1; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 91). - argentea Car. is a large, very pale
ashen grey race with obsolesceent markings and pure white hindwings in J. Rumania (Silver Coast).

46. Genus: ISlepluirita Hmps.

B. leuconota H.-S. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 92). The author of the form — immaculata is not Schatis., but

SCHAWERDA.

4. Subfamily: Hadeninae.

4. Genus: §cotogramma

S. trifolii Rott. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 15 g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 96). - lodbjergensis Hoffmeyer & Knudsen is a
very peculiar dark grey-black form in which the pale yellow-brown fasciae contrast strongly. Described from a
$ from the west coast of Jutland (Lodbjerg). Whether this is merely aberrative or denotes aNiace, cannot be
stated from the one specimen.

S. compacta Trti. resembles, according to the description of the author S. ghigii Trti. (Suppl. Vol. 3,
p. 97), but is much darker grey with more rounded outer margin. Forewings densely peppered with dark grey
on yellowish ground. Subbasal and antemedian are double and with pale interfilling. Claviform stigma in the
shape of a horseshoe, black. The round orbicular stigma is yellowish. Beyond it there is an obsolescent central
shade. The large reniform stigma is dark and circumscribed by black in its lower lobe. The outer transverse
line, which consists of grey intercostal striations, has a pale yellowish inner edge. Subterminal line of the yellowish
ground colour. Hindwings whitish with indistinct central lunule and smoky grey subterminal. Wing expanse:
29 mm. From one $ in November at Bardia, Cyrenaica.

S. pugnax Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 18 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 97). The name pugnax, which according to
Pungeler is the correct denomination, is again being questioned. We propose using the name — treitschkei
Bsd., as in Main Volume.

S. sodae Rmbr. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 15 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 97). The illustration denominated “sodae” in
Supplement, plate 14 b, does not represent this species and the reference should be cancelled. Compare what
is written under stigmosa :

S.stigmosa Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 68, pi. 15 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 98). — atlantica Bours. denotes the race that
was hitherto held to be sodae from W. France, Vendee. It is darker and duller in colouration, somewhat inclined
towards olive-yellowish. The markings are less distinct or almost obsolete, the postmedian has no whitish
outline. Claviform stigma is much smaller and only circumscribed, it has no blackish core. Marginal band of
hindwings is wider and extends to the anal angle. The illustration denoted “sodae” in Suppl. Vol. 3, pi. 14 b
is that of atlantica.

6. Genus: I*olfa Tr.

P. monotona A. B.-H. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 99). To this must be added as a synonym: praecontigua Trti.

P. confusa Trti. described from 6 slightly worn specimens from the Karakorum. Its classification is
rather doubtful. Wing contour elongate and narrow with oblique margin. Forewings greenish ashen grey with
diffuse markings, very indistinct antemedian and fine grey crenulate postmedian. These two outline a faintly
darker trapeziform median area. Orbicular stigma round and pale, a few darker scales in centre. Reniform
very large, elliptical outwardly, the lower lobe outlined in grey. Claviform stigma present. At margin a chain
of small black lunules. Hindwings grey, paler at base, with dark central line. Wing expanse: 36 — 42 mm. Tarim
Basin in June, July and September at an altitude of 3800 — 4000 m.

HARMODIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

253

P. spinaciae View. (Vol. 3, p. 75; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 101). — plumbea Obraztsov are very distinctly marked pimnhea.
specimens with darker median area and whitish outer margin without any yellowish dusting. From Kieff.

P. draudti Wgnr. (26 e). This recently described new species is most closely related to proxima Hbn. draudti.
(Vol. 3, p. 69, pi. 16 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 98). On an average it is smaller, colouration darker, inclined to blackish
brown with stigmata finely and distinctly outlined in white. Especially in £ there is a wide whitish streak along
costa. The subterminal is paler and clearer, almost straight. The pale band, that is situate inwardly towards
base, is narrower. Below reniform stigma a large yellowish streak with a smaller one near the base. Differs
somewhat in the genitalia from proxima , therefore probably a genuine species. From N. Persia (Demavend;
Kendevan Wiss) at altitudes of 2700 — 3000 m. I had previously received a somewhat paler specimen from
Kars (Kotzsch leg.).

P. zerfii Dumont is unknown to me. Forewings ochreous reddish, bestrewn with brown and with black zerjii.
markings, brownish in median area. Orbicular stigma elongate oval, ochreous rose with brown core and black
circumscription. The large reniform stigma is roseate white with black outline. It is conjoined with the orbicular
stigma by a black streak. The short obtuse claviform stigma is circumscribed by black. Transverse lines sharply
dentate and all with white edges. The diffuse subterminal is indicated by 3 brownish spots, the centre one triiobed.
situate between veins 4 and 6. Fringes ochreous rose, interrupted by brown. Hindwings white with brownish
marginal band and veins tinged with brown, forming patches between veins 1 and 4. The marginal band is
intersected by white at the anal angle. Wing expanse: 32 — 33 mm. Tunis (Djebel es Zerf, Metlaoui). The larva
is grey, paler ventrally, with brownish dorsal stripe intersected by white and with brownish subdorsal. Head
rosy grey, thoracical legs transparent yellow. It feeds in winter on Zollikoferia quercifolia, changes in January
to a brown pupa and the moth emerges in May.

P. bohemanni Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 75, pi. 18 d). - unicolor Rangnow denotes specimens with dark, almost unicolor.
unicoloured, forewings. — nigrofasciata Rangnow has black central band. Both from Lapland. nigrofas

P. romieuxi Culot. A puzzling specimen captured near Florissant, Geneva, which according to Boursin
had probably been imported from Brazil in a bale of some goods, very likely as a pupa. It would seem to be
a Perigea related to apameoides.

ciata.
romieuxi .

7. Genus: Harmodia Hbn.

H. capsivora Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 102) is a genuine Epia and not a Harmodia and should be classified cap.sivora.
next to evestigata Drt.

H. drenowskii Rbl. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 101). This nice and large species, that was described as a Polia, drenowskii.
should be placed here and it appears to be most closely related to luteocincta , although the genitalia differ consi¬
derably. The type is a grey form from the Carso with only very little sprinkling of orange-yellow. The species
also occurs in Anatolia (Ak-Shehir) and recently a few specimens have been captured in the Elburz mountains
in N. Persia. We are illustrating an anatolian specimen (pi. 26 e), that is an intermediate form between the
grey Carso form and the much darker persian form that is heavily admixed with orange. The specimen illustrated
agrees exactly with specimens from Macedonia (Petrina plana near Ochrida, captured in August by Thurner
at an altitude of 1600 m).

H. thecaphaga sp. n. (pi. 25 k) is a nice small species, fairly closely related to luteocincta (Suppl. Vol. 3, thecaphaga.
p. 103) and to be classified next to it. It is only half as large as the latter, similarly marked, somewhat wider
in the wing and resembling ignicola Ware, by the rich admixture of orange-red. It can however be immediately
recognised by the pure white hindwings, that are widely dusky grey-brown at margin. Also ground colour of
forewings is a much paler and more whitish; blackish pepperings are much sparser. The arrangement of the
markings is otherwise almost exactly like luteocincta. Abdomen is almost completely white. Genitalia differ
considerably. A large number of this species has been obtained by Pfeiffer in the Elburz mountains (Kendevan
Pass) in N. Persia and they are said to occur simultaneously with the equally prolific luteocincta. Types in the
collection of Draudt. Time of capture 22 — 27 July 1936.

H. caesia Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 77, pi. 18 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 104). — atlantis Drt. described from Morocco, atlantis.
has now unexpectedly been discovered in limited numbers in the Elburz mountains (Tacht i Suleiman) in N.

Persia. They are almost the same as the north african specimens, but somewhat deeper in colour, the ground
colour suffused with deep ochreous rose, the dark markings are very deep slate black. - castiliana Reisser (25 k) castiliana.
is a Spanish race, varying from nevadensis. by the pronounced blue ground colour with strongly contrasting
blue-black markings. In basal area there is usually a small golden yellow patch, also the subterminal line has
generally a slight sprinkling of yellow. Orbicular stigma is creamy white with an accessory spot of the same
colour just below. From Sierra de Gredos. — transiens Drt. (25 k) is an intermediate form to the still paler transiens.
clara. A small race with pure white median area from Ak-Shehir (Sultan-Dagh) occurring in July.

H. clarescens Drt. (25 c) also belongs to the melanochroa group (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 103) and so closely claresccns.
resembles the transiens form of caesia, that one could mistake the one for the other. Forewings chalky white,
paler than the head and thorax, which have a bluish grey tone. Wings sparsely speckled with blackish with
a slight bluish grey hue in basal and marginal areas, as well as at costa and inner margin. Before the centre is

254 PACHETRA; CONISANIA; TRICHOSPOLAS; AGLOSSESTRA; EPIA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

hyrcana.

asiatica.

andalusica.

melano-

ptiaea.

renati.

vitensis.

arterialis.

mariae-

ludovicae.

evestigata.

capsivora.

a grey-blue, black speckled band. The large, almost quadrate stigmata are only edged laterally by black, be¬
tween the two, a blackish patch extends from costa almost to centre of cell. Between the reniform stigma and
the dentate fine black postmedian there is a blackish spot. Subterminal line is blue-grey outwardly with inner
brownish shade. Fringes checked blackish grey at extremities. Hindwings whitish, faintly dusky, veins dark
and wide grey-black marginal shade. A small white spot at anal angle. Anatolia (Sultan-Dagh) ; Sivas; Taurus
(Amanus mountains). Occurring in July.

H. hyrcana Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 105). I have now received 3 perfect specimens from the same locality
(Tacht i Suleiman) as the previous ones. The original description, that was made from a worn must therefore
be revised. It does not so much resemble caesia-clara , but is closer to duercki Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 104). Ground
colour is a deep ochreous red, the slate-black markings seem to merge in it and are indistinct. According to
the genitalia, it also belongs in the luteocincta group, but has no connection with cassia. The specimens have
been received by the courtesy of Mr. Pfeiffer of Munich. We are giving a fresh illustration of the species (pi. 26c).

H. asiatica Wgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 106). A large number of somewhat paler specimens have now been
captured in N. Persia (Elburz mountains).

H. andalusica Stgr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 107). I have received through the courtesy of Mr. L' Homme a
number of typical grey-brown specimens from Douelle (Dep. Lot) France.

9. Genus: l*aclie<ra Guen.

P. fulminea F. (Vol. 3, p. 79, pi. 19 e, f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 109). — - melanophaea Zerny (26 a) denotes
a very large race (48 — 51 mm) from the High Atlas (Morocco). It is of dark grey-brown colour with remarkably
large reniform stigmata having heavy white circumscriptions. Transverse lines and subterminal sagittate marks
are very bold. From Tachdirt in July at an altitude of 2 — 3000 m.

15. Genus: Clonisania Hmps.

C. renati Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 20 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 110). We are illustrating a perfect specimen
(pi. 26 a), as the illustration on pi. 14 1 was made from a rather worn specimen, that did not give a proper re¬
presentation. — vitensis Fdz. denotes a specimen from La Vid (Burgos), has only faintly discernible white trans¬
verse lines, larger elongate oval orbicular stigma, that is not obliquely elliptical, but parallel to costa and
reniform stigma sharply outlined in white.

15 a. Genus: Trichospolas Drt.

Related to the preceding. Proboscis developed, palpi obliquely upturned, the two basal segments with
long hairs underneath. Frons with rounded projection and narrow triangular corneous plate below, q antennae
faintly serrate, ciliate; in $ simple. Thorax with fine hairs and loose small tuft on pro and metathorax. Fore-
tibiae with one bold spur inwardly and 3 outwardly at the extremity, the fore tarsi are short and heavily spined
outwardly. Forewings elongate with oblique, faintly undulate outer margin. Neuration of forewings normal,
on hindwings 6 and 7 with long stalk. Only one species:

T. arterialis Drt. (pi. 25 e) resembles a Leucanidae. Head, thorax and abdomen pale sandy yellowish.
Forewings similarly, sparsely peppered with brownish black, more densely dusted between submedian fold and
vein 1, again between veins 2 and 5 and also 6 and 8. All veins heavily white, no other markings. Fringes whitish
with 2 faintly undulate dark dividing lines. Hindwings white, sparsely dusted. Occurring in May at Daghestan.

19. Genus: Aglossestra Hmps.

A. mariae-ludovicae D. Luc. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 111). According to Bourses, who has examined the
types, this is identical with deserticola Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 82) and should therefore by included there as a synonym.

20. Genus: Epia Hbn.

E. evestigata Drt. (26 a) superficially closely resembles Con. renati Obth.. but is somewliat smaller and
paler grey-yellow in colouration. The markings are very similar. Orbicular stigma is large, round, whitish with
brownish core. Reniform stigma is outlined in white, which is most apparent on outward edge, on the mediana
the white extends somewhat towards the base. Subterminal is complete and whitish with very faint blackish
sagittate marks anteriorly. Fringes checked. Asia Minor (Angora; Sivas) in May and July.

E. capsivora Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 102) should be placed before E. mendax (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 111).
According to specimens received from Persia, this is a genuine Epia with process on frons, the $ without ex¬
tended and pointed ovipositor.

XYLOMANIA— LOPHOTERGES. By Dr. M. Draudt.

255

32. Genus: Xylomania

X. conspicillaris L. (Vol. 3, p. 88, pi. 21 g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 114). — anatolica M. Hering is now illu- anaiolica.
strated (pi. 26 a) from a specimen from Ak-Shehir.

38. Genus: Clerapteryx Curt.

C. graminis L. (Vol. 3, p. 93, pi. 20 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 117). As a synonym to this species we add: — graminis.
friesica Bryk as the nomenclatural type.

41. Genus: SideridJs Hbn.

S. siwda Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 98, pi. 25 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 120). — bavarica Horh. (26 e) denotes specimens bavurica.
recently discovered in the bavarian Jura territory in upper Franconia, that vary strikingly from type. They
are larger, more robustly built, darker grey-yellow with veins standing out distinctly and delicately paler; very
dusky blackish grey hindwings. It occurs end of May to mid June.

Subfamily: Cucullianae.

2. Genus: C uciilli a Schr k.

C. tristis Bours. is to be introduced as a new name for amoena Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 104), as a C. amoena Phil, tristis.
was described in 1860, denoting a species occurring in Chile. Boursin has proved that tristis is a genuine species,
that cannot be considered to be a form of duplicate i Stgr. tristis is smaller and darker than duplicata. Markings
are delicate and much less pronounced, ground colour is a more monotonous grey. The orbicular stigma is
distinct and round, whilst in duplicata it is oval, the inner edge obscured by an oblique black patch extending
from costa. In tristis the postmedian is barely indicated, duplicata has a claviform stigma, tristis has none.

C. hostilis Bours. (26 e) should be classified next to fraterna Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 106, pi. 28 a). The grey hostilis.
forewings faintly admixed with brownish. Both anterior transverse lines are absent, the posterior one however
is well developed throughout its extent and marked heavily with black above the inner margin. Through these
characteristics and the very dark hindwings, it differs from fraterna, which has no postmedian and has whitish
disc in hindwings with wide dark marginal band and bold discal lunule. Wing expanse: 44 mm. Sutshanski-
Rudnik (Ussuri). Only one $ known.

C. riotodontina Bours. (26 c) most resembles stigmatophora Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 109, pi. 27 e) where it notodontina.
should be placed. Shape of wings relatively short and wide. Forewings pale brown. Transverse lines absent,
except for the postmedian, which is boldly indicated at costa and inner margin, with traces in the disc. The large
upper stigmata stand out rather paler from the ground, their outline indicated by brownish striations and dots.

Otherwise markings are like related species, the dark spots before and behind the orbicular stigma as in stigmato¬
phora, are entirely absent. The dark streak at inner margin is delicate and double, altogether all markings are
delicate but distinct. The most pronounced characteristics of notodontina are the heavy postmedian lines on
the underside of both wings, which do not occur in any of the related species, except scrophulariphaga , where
however they are only present on the hindwings. Wing expanse: 42 — 44 mm. Kuldja: Thian-Shan (Aksu,

Karagai Tau).

C. zerkowitzi Bours. (26 c) most closely resembles lychnitis, scrophulariae and scrophulariphila (Vol. 3, zerkowitzi.
p. 109). About as large as lychnitis and therefore larger than the other two. It differs from all 3 by the more
sharply dentate outer margin and bolder more variegated marking, especially by the more apparent presence
of a distinct postmedian. The whitish patch over the dark anal streak is absent. Orbicular and reniform stig¬
mata are scarcely paler than the ground. Hindwings in q are a rich brownish with very distinct disco-cellular
nervure. In $ hindwings are completely brown.

C. xylophana Bours. (26 c) seems most likely related to the anceps group (Vol. 3, p. 109, pi. 27 g). It xylophana.
is immediately distinguishable from the latter by the more greyish colour, that inclines towards brownish black.

The whitish tone of anceps is not apparent. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are only indicated by a few dark
dots. Costa widely grey, with a brownish tinge towards the apex. Marginal line yellowish. Hindwings pale
with wide dark marginal band and dark disco-cellular streak. Wing expanse: 48 mm. Described from 1 ^ from
Kuldja in mid June.

3. Genus: PsemBocoplciicullia Dumont.

It should be added to the diagnosis of this Genus, that the species classified here have one bold inner
and a smaller outer corneous claw at the extremity of the fore tibiae, which is not the case in Copicucullia.

6. Genus: l^oplioterges Hmps.

L. millierei Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. Ill; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 125). — horhamnieri Wgnr. An illustration (pi. 26 a) horhammeri.
is now given of an anatolian specimen.

256

ALLOMECI A — ME G ANEPHRI A . By Dr. M. Draudt.

albida.

rubida.

codeti.

dn seidrei.
agnellus.

diffluens.

caerules-

cens.

ingloria.

analolica.

angularis.

ernesti.

pontica.

8a. Genus: Allomecia Dumont.

The name Allomecia should be withdrawn in favour of: Pseudomecia Hmps.

11. Genus: Metopoeeras Guen.

M. khalildja Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 113, pi. 24 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 126, pi. 16 f). — albida Schaw. is a pure
whitish grey form of this very variable species, with blackish transverse stripes devoid of yellow or brown. —
rubida Schaw. on the other hand are deep fuscous with dark transverse bands. Both from Algeria.

12. Genus: Ainmctopa Hmps.

A. codeti Hmps. nec Obth. It has been discovered that “ Metopoceras ” da seutrei Obth. is synonymous
with Hampson’s species and it should be named du seutrei Obth. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 126); — agnellus Zerny
(pi. 26 d) is the Morocco form from the High Atlas; it is much darker, reddish grey-brown with scarcely dist¬
inguishable markings. Hindwings are also dusky with wide dark grey-brown marginal band. Tachdirt at end
of July.

13. Genus: Cleophana Bsd.

C. diffluens Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 115, pi. 24 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 127). caerulescens Schwing. corresponds in
its markings to the form mauretaniae. Forewings bluish grey in basal area, the inner median half brownish,
posteriorly a black central shade that expands towards the inner margin; the rest of the wing is pale bluish
grey with distinct black outer transverse line. Hindwings very pale. It has been captured at the end of July
at Tachdirt in the High Atlas.

13a. Genus: Metaloplia Stgr.

M. ingloria Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 128). — splendida Amsel should be added as a synonym.

16. Genus: Calophasia Steph.

C. lunula Hufn. (Vol. 3, p. 116, pi. 29 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 129). — analolica Drt. (pi. 25 c) is much purer
blue-grey with bold and distinct black and white markings. Reniform and claviform stigmata are a brilliant
white. Hindwings white with black marginal band. Our illustration unfortunately does not portray the bril¬
liance of the colouration. From Bithynia and from the Sultan Dagh.

C. angularis Chret. described on p. 135 of this Supplement as a Bombycia is a genuine Calophasia, accord¬
ing to Boursin, who has examined the type, stigmatica Rothsch. and liberatii Trti. (p. 130) are synonymous
and both should be deleted.

19b. Genus: Mctoporiiclia Drt.

Should be classified next to Derthisa Wkr. (Vol. 3, p. 119; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 132). It differs by a large
cylindrical process on frons, that is hollowed out, has a sharp edge which is intersected longitudinally by a
vertical narrow ridge. Palpi are shorter than in Derthisa with an appendiculate terminal segment. Thorax
purely hairy, no intermixing of scales; there is a loose tuft on pro and metathorax. Otherwise like Derthisa.
Only 1 species:

M. ernesti Drt. (pi. 25 c). Forewings yellowish white. In place of orbicular stigma an oblique streak.
Reniform stigma oblique and quadrate with delicate brown surround. Between the stigmata the cell has a
brown patch. Posterior brown transverse line is double, the outer part extends at apex towards the costa, the
inner part bends inwards there towards the base. Between veins 1 and 7 a bold brown subterminal line and at
margin there is a fine brown undulate line. Hindwings yellowish white with brown marginal line. It closely
resembles Derthisa antherici Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 120; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 133, pi. 28 c). Mr. Filip jev was so kind
as to examine the type of Christoph and declares it has no process on frons. From 1 B from Achyr Dagh (Taurus)
captured in September.

24. Genus: ISonibyeia

B. angularis Chret. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 135) is to be withdrawn from here and placed under Calophasia
Steph. (p. 256). See above.

34. Genus: Megainepliria Hbn.

M. bimaculosa L. (Vol. 3, p. 129, pi. 31 h). pontica Drt. (pi. 25 d) is a large grey-black form that is
distinctly marked. Hindwings are dark grey and with 2 large black spots. Anatolia (Sultan Dagh) in September.

Publ. 13. I. 1937.

CRINO; AGRIOPIS; DRYOBOTODES; ANTITYPE. By Dr. M. Draudt.

257

37. Genus: Criito Hbn.

C. adusta Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 131, pi. 32 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 139). Heydemann writes to me: “to the race
— vulturinea H.-S. from eastern Europe, pavida Bsd. joins on in the south east as the representative of the vulturinea.
species in S. Russia. ” — lappona Rangnow is a small form of only 35 mm expanse; forewings are of normal lappona.
marking, but rather darker, whilst the hindwings are much paler than in adusta. Lapland.

C. bathensis Lulzau (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 139). According to Heydemann, the comparison with pavida bathensis.
must be erroneous, as the latter is pale. It should read : “is superficially not always easy to separate from dark
adusta specimens, especially carpathica and aterrima." Our illustration on pi. 17 k is incorrect.

C. compitalis Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 140). Boitrsin holds that this had better be placed in the Genus compitcdis.
Eumichtis Hbn. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 138), where it should be classified after muscosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 130, pi. 32 b;

Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 139).

38. Genus: Agriopis Bsd.

A. aeruginea Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 132, pi. 32 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 141). mesembrina Schaw. We are now mesembrina.
able to give an illustration (pi. 26 b) of an anatolian specimen.

41. Genus: l>9*y<>S»oto<It*s Warr.

D. roboris Hbn.-G. (Vol. 3, p. 134, pi. 32 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 141) — taurica Ostfi. is now illustrated taurica.

(pi. 26 b).

43. Genus : Antitype Hbn.

A. bousseaui D. Luc. ( = rhododactyla Eerny). Forewings yellow-grey to salmon-pinkish, with somewhat bousseaui.
darker speckles, generally with prominent ashen grey median area. Transverse lines all distinctly dentate and
with slightly whitish edges on averted sides. Subterminal line irregularly serrated with faintly jialer outer edge.

The large stigmata are somewhat lighter than ground and not clearly defined. Orbicular is round, reniform
more quadrate. There are fairly heavy blackish dots on costa above the latter and at the origins of the trans¬
verse lines. Fringes pale and with broad grey-brown checks. Hindwings whitish with dusky veins and margin,
faint discal spot and postmedian line. Fringes reddish yellow or rose; in the $ hindwings are more greyish
Antennae have still shorter pectinations than the otherwise somewhat similar rebecca Stgr. Wing expanse:

37 — 40 mm. From W. Algeria and Morocco.

A. rosea Rothsch. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 142). — glaisi D. Luc. must be added as a synonym to this species, rosea.

A. manisadjiani Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 136, pi. 33 c). — rediens Wgnr. is a form in which basal and marginal manisad-
areas of wing are shaded over, so that the whole appears more unicolourous. Wagner has described the adult .

(~> * 1 1 _ i TCdlCYlS .

larva as olive-green to olive-brown, dorsally delicately marbled with blackish. It has a wide dark dorsal stripe
with pale intermediate line. On each side there is a fainter blackish subdorsal and wide yellowish green lateral
line with whitish upper edge. Ventrally it is grass green; segmental junctures reddish, head and legs honey-
yellow. The larva fed on dandelion and was fullfed in May, pupating in the earth, the moth emerging in August.

A. grisea D. Luc. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 144). According to information from Boitrsin, this is synonymous grisea.
with Bryomima johanna Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 139, pi. 34 d) and must therefore be deleted from hei'e.

A. apora Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 137, pi. 33 g). Bottrsin has written to say, that this name should be with- apora.
drawn, for after an examination of the type, it must be considered synonymous with Crymodes bischoffii H.-S.

(Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 42 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 161). Therefore the species that Hampson held to be apora and which
he described in his Cat. Lep. Plial. VI, p. 366 and illustrated on pi. CIV, fig. 29, will have to be renamed. I
would propose to use the name of its re-discoverer and breeder, who sent me a £ for inspection, viz:

A. schwingenschussi now . nov. (= apora Hmps. nec Stgr.) (pi. 26 g). Head and thorax white, with schwingen-
slight brownish black admixture. Palpi and frons laterally with dark spots, abdomen inclined to yellowish schussi

brown. Forewings grey-white, somewhat speckled with brownish black, more heavily dusted in central area.

Both stigmata are large, somewhat quadrate, whitish with indistinct brown circumscriptions. Transverse lines
as in dubia, the subterminal line indicated by black-brown scales on its inner edge, showing rather longer dent¬
ations on veins 2 — 4. Hindwings quite pure white in <$, shaded with grey and with darker marginal band in $.

Palestine, Lebanon in October. No description of the larva has been given.

A. astfalleri Schaw. (pi. 26 b) was overlooked and omitted. It can best be compared to suda Hbn.-G. astfalleri.
(Vol. 3, p. 138, pi. 33 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 144) and is of the same size. Ground colour has an olive-yellowish
tone is and speckled with blackish. Central area shaded rather darker by the wide diffuse median shade. Basal
area is not so pale as in suda, the complete white subterminal line stands out clearly from the dark peppered
ground. Fringes with bold checks. Hindwings somewhat dull whitish, in the $ completely dark blackish grey
with distinct postmedian and subterminal lines. Hitherto only obtained in S. Tyrol (Schnalser valley).

Supplementary Volume 3 33

258

BRYOMIMA — PARASTICHTIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

j oh anna.

elegans.

graslini.

kinderman-

ni.

mansueta.

rufa.

ladiflcra.

rabrago.

mixtificata.

subrurea.

47. Genus: Bryomima %.

B. johanna Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 139, pi. 34 d). — grisea I). Luc. (Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 144) should be added as
synonym to this species. It therefore would appear to also occur in Tunis.

53. Genus: Rliyncliaglaea Hmps.

R. scitula Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 144; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 148). The reference to the plate should read 18 k in¬
stead of 18 e.

58. Genus: Conisira Hbn.

C. vaccinii L. (Vol. 3, p. 147, pi. 36 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 149). elegans Horh. is introduced for a form
with dark chestnut brown colour with distinct black fasciae, as in spadicea Hbn., combined with pale yellow
circumscription to orbicular stigma; reniform stigma filled with pale yellow; wide yellow marginal band. S.
Bavaria.

C. rubiginea F. (Vol. 3, p. 148, pi. 36 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 149). graslini Stgr. In this form, which we
are illustrating on pi. 26 e, a mistake was made in the Main Volume in placing it under standingeri Grasl.) it
is however a quite usual rubiginea form, that has no connection with standingeri.

62. Genus: Amathes Hbn.

A. kindermanni F. v. R. (Vol. 3, p. 151, pi. 37 c; Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 151). The adult larva, according to
E. P. Wiltshire is green or rosy brown with very distinct wide white or yellowish white lateral stripes. In the
brown form the larva is green ventrally. Head ochreous grey but orange in the brown form. The double undulate
dorsal and subdorsal lines are grey, warts white with black core ; spiracles orange with a black spot behind each
spiracle on segments 2 — 9. It feeds till March on low plants. The moth flies in December and January.

A. mansueta H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 152, pi. 37 k; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 152). According to E. P. Wiltshire the
adult larva is blackish grey with white hairs, marbled with blackish and whitish, suffused with orange between
segments 4—7; with large yellowish white spots ringed with black above the dark edged subdorsal line. It lias
a dark grey double dorsal line. It feeds till February on low plants and the moths emerge in December.

A. macilenta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 151. pi. 37 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 152). — rufa Horh. is of reddish ochreous
ground colour, with which the usually distinct brownish median and marginal lines merge, whilst the yellow
line that follows the marginal band stands out more prominently. Described from S. Bavaria.

A. lactiflora Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 151, pi. 19 a). This species has now also been discovered near Marash
in the Taurus, where it occurs in good quantities at end of October, beginning of November.

64. Genus: Cosmia Tr.

C. fulvago L. (Vol. 3, p. 154, pi. 24 i, k; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 153). rubrago Horh. has ochreous red fore¬
wings, the usual markings of the normal fulvago appear in the ground in a somewhat paler reddish yellow shade.
Stigmata are dark with pale core. Hindwings quite white. Bred from larvae obtained near Leipzig.

65. Genus: Telorta Wan.

T. acuminata Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 156, pi. 28 k). - mixtificata Fdz. is not olive-grey with reddish brown
lines having pale ochreous edges, but pale red-brown with yellow lines and yellow edges to stigmata. Hindwings
paler yellow with grey discal and inner marginal areas. From Hunan.

Subfamily: Zenobiinae (= Amphipyrinae) .

9. Genus : Parastfclitis Hbn.

P. rureaF . (Vol. 3, p. 164, pi. 39 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 156). subrurea Pet. is not identical with combusta.
These are very dusky specimens inclined to grey-brown with very distinct markings; especially the transverse
lines and the reniform stigma (that is not picked out with yellow) are very distinct. Described from Esthonia.

P. monoglypha Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 165, pi. 39 g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 156). — maroccana Zerny differs from
all known races by the pale yellowish white hindwings with strongly contrasting, fairly definitely outlined marg-

maroccana.

OLIGIA; EREMOBIA; GERBATHODES; CRYMODES. By Dr. M. Draudt.

259

inal band. Forewings more or less dark brownish violet-grey, the markings clear and distinct, especially t he
orbicular which is sharply outlined in black. Also the sagittate marks at subterminal line are very striking.
Tachdirt, Morocco in July at an altitude of 2300—2700 m. — dissoluta Krul. lias shorter and wider forewings.
Ground colour is yellowish white, markings deep brown, costal area scaled with grey-brown. Between claviform
stigma and posterior transverse line there is a heavy black streak. Apex is whitish, the rest of the marginal
area is blackish brown. Hind wings white with brown marginal band. Probably this is only aberrative. From
Wiatka. — inversa Derenne is a monotonous glossy black aberration from base to posterior transverse line, on
the other hand the subterminal and marginal areas are white. Markings black, the two upper stigmata white,
the reniform having a black central streak. Described from Spa.

P. lateritia Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 166, pi. 39 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 157). contraria Heydem. denotes specimens
with costal and marginal areas of forewings a deep dusky brown, contrasting strongly from the paler leathery
yellow to buff of inner marginal half. The origins of the lines on costa are also leathery yellow dots, the lines
themselves being deep black. These specimens belong to the deep brown race borealis Strd., that also has distinct
black markings. From Schleswig-Holstein. albicingulata Warn, lias orbicular and reniform stigmata with
yellow-white surrounds.

10. Genus: Oligia Hbn.

The name Procus Oken (1815) should be utilised for this Genus.

0. strigilis Cl. (Vol. 3, p. 172, pi. 40 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 159). Heydemam writes in regard to this species:
“Clerck’s illustration shows and description reads: strigilis L. nebulous grey-greenish patches in marginal
area, which is not pure white (as in jasciata Tutt.). In such a case as I have meanwhile been able to ascertain:
amoena Krul. = strigilis Cl. Linne only mentions a “whitish marginal band".

D. faroulti Rothsch. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 160). Heydemann points out that there is a further material
specific characteristic that helps to differentiate from similar literosa forms. In faroulti the very distinct black
arc on the collar, that all literosa have, is absent.

O. bicoloria Vill. (Vol. 3, p. 173, pi. 40 1; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 160). pseudonychina Heydem. corresponds
to the pale unicoloured onychina form of literosa and is monotonous whitish ochreous yellow or grey-yellowish.
Schleswig-Holstein. HEYDEMAisnsr also writes to me: — “I consider it incorrect to limit the — f. longistriata
Warr. so narrowly to represent only specimens like the illustration with a narrow black straight streak on sub¬
median fold and to separate - latistriata Hoffmeyer with a broad streak and to specially denominate all variations
of ground colour in the way Schultz has done. The variation longistriata occurs additionally in all other coastal
forms combined with these colour variations.” The 'pseudonychina form with black longitudinal streak has been
named — pseudonychina-striata Schultz. — antithesis Schultz is a further form, forewings chalky white in outer
half, pale brownish inwardly. In centre of wing above the inner margin a deep black V-shaped mark. Orbicular
stigma white with dark centre, ringed with black inwardly and outwardly. Only the inner edge of the reniform
stigma is visible. Subterminal line is edged outwardly sharply by black-brown. Fringes pale and with dark
checks. Hindwings unicoloured grey. Both the latter forms from Borkum.

11. Genus: XDremobia Steph.

E. ochroleuca Esp. (Vol. 3. p. 175, pi. 41 b). asiatica Drt. (pi. 26 f) is smaller than european specimens.
Markings sharply brown on whitish ground, but they are reduced. Marginal area almost pure white. Fringes
without checks. Hindwings pure white with blackish marginal band. Anatolia (Sultan Dagh) in July.

12. Genus: Oerbathodes Warr.

G. ypsilon Btlr. (Vol. 3, p. 175, pi. 42 b). The illustration was poor. A better one is now given (pi. 26 f).

14. Genus : €rym«des Guen.

C. platinea Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 41 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 161). - splendida Reisser is similar to reisseri
Bub. and the following form from Morocco, but the markings are so variegated and complete, that it might
be taken for a separate species. Ground colour is a rich creamy yellow with dark grey dusting, the median and
postmedian areas and also the basal area remaining paler. The transverse markings are distinct and clear and
pure grey -black. Subterminal line is well developed, sagittate marks large and bold. Hindwings much paler
in basal area. Sierra de Gredos. atlantica Zerny (pi. 26 e) is the form from Morocco mentioned on p. 161. It
is very close to reisseri, but is paler and has more of a yellowish tone. The subterminal line is a pale brownish
yellow. Tachdirt in July.

C. montana H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 42 a). The illustration in Main Volume was quite unrecognisable
and we are giving here an illustration (pi. 26 f) of a persian specimen from Elburz. It is very questionable,
whether this is not merely a form of platinea.

dissoluta.

inversa.

contraria.

albicingu-

lata.

Procus.

strigilis.

faroulti.

; pseudony -

china.

latistriata.

pseudony¬
china-striata .
antithesis.

asiatica.

ypsilon.

splendida.

atlantica.

montana.

260 SIDEMIA ; HETEROGRAPHA; MARGELANA; DRAUDTIANA; ANATAELIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

mutica.

bischoffii.

zetct.

furva.

zollikoferi.

glaisi.

tumulorum.

castanea.

discrepans .

Par anata¬
elia.

C. mutica Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 41 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 161). This is not a genuine species, but should
be classified as a subspecies of dumetorum Hbn. G. (Vol. 3, p. 177, pi. 42 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 161) from which
it varies little.

C. bischoffii H.-S. (Vol. 3, p, 176, pi. 42 a; Suj)pl. Vol. 3, p. 161). As mentioned on p. 257, we have to
add to this species, apora Stgr. (antitype !) as synonym. According to E. P. Wiltshire the larva feeds on Sonchus,
Taraxacum and other Compositae in November and December. It is greenish grey, finely marbled with blackish,
with indistinct subdorsal and with a black mark lengthwise on segments 2 — 5. On the other segments this
marking is only indicated by fine blackish specks. The double dorsal line is interfilled with white anteriorly on
each segment and edged by a dark “V” or “Y” posteriorly. The moth emerges in September.

C. zeta Tv (Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 41 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 161). Heydemann has examined the 3 forms: zeta,
pernix and envoi and the $ genitalia agree so exactly and vary in 4 characteristics so constantly from maillardi
Hbn. G., that it must considered as proved that the two are different and both have the right to specific rank.
A supposition recently made, that envoi is a form of platinea, does not appear correct.

C. furva Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 177, pi. 41 f ; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 162). In his Supplement to Tutt's British Noctuae,
Turner seems to have erroneously placed Turati’s form leucorena (synonymous with the older occlusa Esp.)
here (p. 359). However it should be classified with Dvyobota juvva Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 128, pi. 31 f; Suppl. Vol. 3,
p. 138).

15. Genus: Nidevnia Stgr.

S. zollikoferi Err. (Vol. 3, p. 178, pi. 41 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 162). This strange migrant has recently
been captured in Germany at Gera and Leipzig, where one specimen each was taken in September. Further 3
specimens have been caught in E. Prussia, from around Konigsberg, also in September. It has also been observed
at Knista, Narke in Sweden in September. The more remarkable is a capture advised from Liptow, where 1
specimen was taken in June, which would seem to indicate that perhaps there are 2 generations. Seven specimens
were captured in September 1934 in south Kent in England.

S. glaisi Luc. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 164). According to Boursin this is identical with oberthuri Rothsch .
(Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 163).

17. Genus : Heterograplia Stgr.

H. tumulorum Bouvs. is very closely related to the other 3 species. Forewings brownish, costa somewhat
paler with whitish subbasal, that is edged with black at inner margin. Black basal streak extending to anterior
transverse line, which is whitish. Claviform stigma edged with black. Orbicular stigma large, obliquely elongate.
Reniform stigma somewhat constricted and with black circumscription. Postmedian whitish, well defined, the
space behind brownish. The distinct whitish subterminal forms a very sharp angle inwards over vein 4, below
the apex a “V” and extends from vein 4 fairly parallel to the outer margin as far as the inner angle. The space
behind is pale brown with whitish veins, small black arcs on margin. Fringes whitish admixed with dark brown.
Hindwings dark brown with bold discal spot and dark postmedian, that is edged outwardly with whitish. Fringes
whitish. Wing expanse: 29 mm. From Kurgan-Tjube (Russian Turkestan) in June.

21. Genus: Margelana Stgr.

As already mentioned under the 22. Genus: Eremopola Warr., the species discrepans and veternosa do
not appear to be congeneric with the two genuine Margelana: versicolor Stgr. and flavidior Wgnr. Count Turati
has established a new Genus for a species that seems related to discrepans:

21b. Genus: Draiidtinna Trti.

Palpi short, porrect with very short terminal segment. Proboscis short but distinctly present. S antennae
bipectinated. Thorax densely haired. Probably discrepans should also be classified here.

D. castanea Trti. Forewings dark chestnut brown with black transverse lines. Orbicular and reniform
stigmata scarcely contrasting in the dark ground colour. Undulate subterminal line very faintly edged paler
outwardly; beyond it black marginal lunules. Hindwings white, peppered somewhat with brownish towards
the margin and with distinct deep brown marginal lunular streaks. Wing expanse: 33 mm. Cyrenaica (Bakur)
in October.

D. discrepans Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 181, pi. 41 1; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 164). A new locality for this species is
Cyrenaica. Count Turati has obtained a number of specimens from there.

23b. Genus: Anataelia Drt.

As the name Anataelia Bolivar 1899 was given to a Forficulidae Genus, I now give the new denomination
— Paranataelia for this Genus.

PALLUPERINA — HADJ1NA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

261

27. Genus: l*«lllupci*iil«t Hmps. (erroneously printed as “26. Genus” in Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 166).

P. rubella Dap. (Vol. 3, p. 186, pi. 43 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 168). — sericea Car. is a nice pale yellowish sericea.
grey form with somewhat darker median area, the entire ground of wings interspersed with snow-white hairs
and scales. Rumania (Silver coast) in November and December, a form that has adapted itself to its environment.

P. dumerilii Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 185, pi. 43 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 168). — indistincta Phi. (described as an
Episema ) is synonymous with the form — aequalis Schaw. acqualw.

P. vulpecula Led. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 168). There must have been some misconception here — vulpecula vulpecula.
Ev. was indicated by Erschoff as a “ Leucania " between lithargyria and albipuncta. This species from the
Urals, described as a “Cosmia” , of which I was unfortunately unable to obtain the original description, is ac¬
cording to Filip jev (writing to E. Doring) a Palluperina close to ferrago or better classified near subaquila and
hedeni (Vol. 3, pi. 186, pi. 43 f ) ; vulpecula Led. had best be left in its present classification under Cosmia (Vol. 3,
p. 155, pi. 28 f).

31. Germs: JKuplexIa Steph.

E. horse! O. B.-Haas (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 169) is synonymous with gemmifera Wkr. (Vol. XI, p. 147, pi. 16 i) honei.
from Sikkim and Assam. The latter name should also be utilised for specimens from the palaearctic territory, gemrmfera.
as the species has now also been found to be distributed widely in China.

45. Genus: Polyplsaeifils Bsdv.

P. propinqua Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 198, pi. 44 h). According to E. P. Wiltshire the larva is to be found propinqua.
in February at night on honeysuckle. It is brown with black-brown interrupted dorsal line in the shape of
sagittate marks, conjoined by pale delicate lines that have darker edges and which form the whole to a sort
of chain. It pupates between leaves in a silken cocoon. The moth emerges in April.

P. subsericata H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 198, pi. 42 1). The illustration was not satisfactory and we are giving subsericata.
a good illustration (pi. 26 f) of a specimen from Marash, Taurus.

64a. Genus: Ksteparia, Fdz.

This Genus, as already mentioned on p. 239 must be held to be a Subgenus to the Genus: Oedibrya
Hmps. {= Meroleuca Hmps.)

71. Genus: Atlietis Hbn.

The discussion of this Genus must be left to the last, as a fundamental revision, that is in work, has
not yet been published and this will have to be taken into consideration.

80. Genus: ISalsa Wkr.

B. malana Fitch. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 183). The author's name: Fisch. was a printer’s error. malana.

84. Genus: Scioptila Warr.

S. eriopoda H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 220, pi. 47 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 183). According to E. P. Wiltshire the eriopoda.
adult larva is dark grey or brown with white frosted rhomboidal markings on dorsum. These have a dark edge
and each contain 2 black dots on segments 4 — 10. Laterally there is a dark zigzag line with a bold white spot
on the 4th and 5th segments. It feeds on Rubia, Ephedra, Honeysuckle and Rosemary and is full fed in March,
when it pupates in a paper-like puparium between leaves. The moth emerges at the beginning of September
in the Lebanon district.

86. Genus: Msuljina Stgr.

H. delicata Trti. Forewings brownish black, coarsely scaled. Transverse lines interrupted and indist- delicata.
inctly dark. Orbicular stigma is a small pale oval, reniform stigma whitish with very fine black circumscription,
in elongate “S” shape. The subterminal line consists of a row of whitish lunules and there are small black
striations on margin. Fringes with dark dividing line. Hindwings impure whitish with wide dusky marginal
shade and whitish fringes. Wing expanse: 27 mm. Cyrenaica (Maaten Giofer). One $ in March.

H. indelicata Trti. (26 f). Forewings sparsely flecked with darker granules on red-brownish whitish indelicata.
ground. Wing contour as in viscosa Frr. Both upper stigmata scarcely discernible, of the same shape as in the
previous species delicata. Transverse lines consist of slightly darker specks between the veins. The irregular

262

GORTYNA— SEDINA. By Dr. M. Drattdt.

nigrobrun-

neata.

traegeri.

jutlandica.

murciegoi.

argillago.

ifranae.

bytinsJcii.

aureus.

bredemanni.

badiofas-

ciata.

buttneri.

subterminal line is whitish with darker inner fascia. Hindwings impure rosy whitish, faintly darker at margin.
Wing expanse: 27—28 mm. Cyrenaica (Bardia) in November.

90. Genus: fworlyiia Tr.

G. leucostigma Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 223, pi. 46 a). — iiigrobrunneata du B.-E. are specimens that are com¬
pletely black-brown with yellow stigma. - traegeri du B.-E. denotes specimens that are completely devoid
of markings and glossy pale grey, only the reniform stigma is white, the shade between subterminal and outer
margin is only visible in oblique lighting. Cranz in E. Prussia.

91. Genus: Apamea Tr.

A. crinanensis Burr. A- Fierce (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 186). — jutlandica Hoffmeyer A Knudsen is the danish
form, specimens with small, dark and narrow wings.

93. Genus: Hydroecia Guen.

H. murciegoi Fdz. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 188). As was to be supposed, this species proves itself to be syn¬
onymous with hucherardi Mab. (p. 187).

H. cervago Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 225, pi. 46 c). — argillago Drt. (26 g) is a small clay coloured form in contrast
to the fuscous type; the markings are identical. From Van in Turkish Armenia.

H . xanthenes Germ. (Vol. 3. p. 227, pi. 46 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 188). — ifranae Le Cerf is a small form
of dark yellow-red ground colour, speckled with brown and admixed with ashen grey. The large pale yellow
orbicular stigma is ringed with black and has a brown core. Reniform stigma is narrow with 5 or 6 yellow dots
in its surround. Transverse lines are almost obsolete, postmedian band is ashen grey and not dentate, with
diffuse brownish edge on both sides. Marginal area is brownish. Hindwings red-brownish white, veins and
marginal streaks grey. Morocco (Central Atlas) in November.

100. Genus: £lydua Wkr.

E. bytin skii Schaw. (26 f). Forewings violet-brown, the black transverse lines very delicate, the posterior
one with black dots on the veins. Orbicular stigma is a black dot, reniform with fine black circumscription, it
contains 6 white dots. Between the stigmata is a dark shadow-like band.- The distinct subterminal line is pale,
the marginal line pale with small black striations. Hindwings darker brown than forewings, with a dark discal
spot that is situate close to the base and the costa. Wing expanse: 32 mm. China (Sin-foo).

100a. Genus: Clhrysonic*ara n. gen.

This new Genus is very similar to the Genus Nicara Moore that relates to a species occurring at Sikkim.
Proboscis developed. The upturned palpi are very short with extremely small terminal segment. Frons smooth.
Thorax with vestiture of hairs and scales and extended tuft on pro and metathorax. Abdomen without tufts.
Venation normal, only on hindwings 6 and 7 with short stalk. I am creating the Genus for the “ Chrysoptera ”
aureus from Tsekou described by Mr. O. Bang-Haas, which is not a Phytometrinae.

Ch. aureus O.B.-H. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 223). We are able to give an illustration of this line species (pi. 26 g).
The specimens are from Likiang in north Yunnan, where a large number were captured by Hone.

102. Genus: Clalynaiiia Hbn.

C.affinis L. (Vol. 3, p. 230, pi. 47 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 189). bredemanni Warn, is probably a northern
form, that may represent the type there, with almost or completely black hind wings.

107. Genus: IDnargia Hbn.

E. regina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 233, pi. 48 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 190). badiofasciata Drt. (26 g) corresponds to
the similarly denominated trapezina form. The triangular median area which is dark olive-brown and has a
blackish reniform stigma, stands out from the pale yellowish grey ground. The subterminal row of black dots
is distinct. From Van (Turkish Armenia).

109a. Genus: StMliiia Urbahn.

S. buttneri Her. (Vol. 3, p. 12. pi. 2 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 191). This rare species has been discovered
at some new localities such as in East Pomerania and from around Konigsberg (E. Prussia). At the latter place
the moth was captured at a street lamp in the centre of the town.

ARENOSTOLA — LEPTOSIA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 263

110. Genus: Arenostola Hmps.

A. zernyi Schwing. is closely related to dulcis Oblh. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 162, pi. 22 f) but is more robustly zernyi.
built and with wider wings. In colouration it reminds one of Sideridis andereggii Bsd. Forewings are yellow-
grey, peppered with blackish grey, so that the veins, that retain their yellowish colouration standout prominently.

Cell and inner margin remain paler. Fringes are yellowish, intersected by a grey line. Hindwings uniformly
grev-black with yellowish fringes. Wing expanse: 26 — 29 mm. High Atlas (Morocco) Tachdirt.

111. Genus: Arclianara Wkr.

A. statterniayeri Schaw. most closely resembles neurica Him. (Vol. 3, p. 237, pi. 49 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, stdtter-
p. 193). Wing contour is more rounded, ground colour considerably darker, at least it is so in the only $ so
far known, being almost blackish brown. Orbicular and reniform stigmata have fine whitish circumscriptions,
the latter with 2 white dots posteriorly. Only traces of the outer transverse line are visible. There are small
black striations before the margin, fringes are somewhat paler. Hindwings dark black-brown, veins rather
lighter with striking pale fringes. Underside without cell spots. Tegulae with white tips. Wing expanse: 34 mm.

Bone, Algeria, in June.

E. laudeti Bsd. (Vol. 3, p. 242, pi. 48 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 195). latestrigata Ams. is a race with remark- latestrigata.
ably wide marginal band on hindwings. From Palestine. Perhaps this is synonymous with umbrata Schultz ?

Subfamily : Melicleptrihiae.

5. Genus: Aedopliron Led.

A. phlebophora Led. (Vol. 3, p. 247, pi. 50 m). Even in quite freshly emerged specimens, the veins are phlebophora.
tinged with brownish. postnigra /. n. denominates specimens with blackened hindwings and - postrosea /. n. postnigra.
(26 g) such with hindwings suffused with rose. This roseate hue extends to the forewings in extreme cases, postrosea.

A. monotonia Ams. is described as being very similar to venosa Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 248, pi. 51 a) and ground monotonia.
colour is the same. However the dark streak on fore and hindwings at close of cell is absent and the wings are
therefore devoid of markings. Veins stand out prominently and fringes are a purer white. Wing expanse: 29 mm.

Captured in March in the Wadi el Kelt near Jericho.

Subfamily : Heliothidinae.

9. Genus : Sympistis Him.

S. melaleuca Thnbg. (Vol. 3, p. 254, pi. 50 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 199). - trimacula Bangnow has out- trimacula.
standing grey-white claviform, orbicular and reniform stigmata. — kucofasciata Bangnow. The orbicular and leucofasciata.
claviform stigmata conjoin forming a grey-white transverse band, the reniform stigma is submerged in the dark
markings. — - nigricata Bangnow has completely blackened forewings. All 3 forms described from Lapland. nigricata.

S. funesta Payk. (Vol. 3, p. 255, pi. 50 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 199). nigrofasciata Bangnow. The wide nigrofascia-
meclian band of forewings is almost completely black, only the two stigmata remain picked out in pale colour. ia-

Lapland.

S. devagor Kozh. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 199) (1923) has as synonym Sympistis bieneri Bbl. (1924) and not devagor.
Heliothis bieneri Bbl. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 200).

11. Genus: Cteipolia Stgr.

C. acrophila Hmps. belongs to a II Section with veins 3 and 4 on hindwings not stalked. Forewings acropliila.
grey, speckled with brownish black, with an indistinct obsolescent subbasal and similar antemedian. The post¬
erior transverse line is somewhat more distinct, dentate with grey outer edge. Both upper stigmata are small
whitish dots that are more or less confluent and with indistinct blackish outline. Subterminal line with dark
inner edge; marginal black dots. Hindwings thinly scaled, grey and dusted with black-brown. Wing expanse:

24 — 28 mm. Described from Kashmir, but also occurring in the Karakorum (Tarim Basin).

Subfamily: Erastrianae.

4. Genus: Ijeptosfa Guen.

L. velocior Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 260, pi. 51 b). - deserta Ams. is a form from the deserts of Palestine. It deserta.
is not of the usual grey and rufous colouration of typical specimens, but a pale yellowish brownish grey. Mark¬
ings are the same as velocior.

atlantica.

vinnula.

symphona.

alpina.

marginata.

schawerdae.

dannehli.

zernyi.

purulenta.

purimila.

Coeloturatia.

rufotincta.

mesozona.

mediana.

bipartita.

plat y zona.

264 EUBLEMMA; PORPHYRINIA; COELITES; EUSTROTIA; EULOCASTRA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

6. Genus: EublemiuaEk

E. suava Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 262, pi. 51 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 202). - atlantica Schaw. <0 Stattermayer denotes
a race that is larger on the average and has grey-black instead of brownish forewings. Median band is almost
black, as is occasionally also the base and almost always the outer margin. The dark central band has either
no white edge or only vestiges of white. Subterminal line is almost invisible. Hindwings black with or without
curved white line. — viilftula Scliaiv. is an aberration of the above mentioned form, forewings are suffused with
vinous red. Bone, Algeria in June.

10. Genus: Porphyrinia

P. symphona L. B. Prout (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 204). According to the opinion of Zerny this can only
be considered to be an albida form with hindwings suffused with grey-brown with a postmedian whitish trans¬
verse band, although specimens with white hindwings also occur. — alpina Schwing. occurs at an altitude of
2700 m at Taclidirt in the High Atlas. The white ground colour of forewings is almost completely covered by
scales of a grey-brown or nut-brown colour and the band markings are more prominent and contrasting. —
marginata Schwing. is probably an aberrative form in which the inner two-thirds of both fore and hindwings
are unicoloured white, the outer third being dusky grey-black with distinct white subterminal line and black
marginal dots.

P. elychrysi Ramb. (Vol. 3, p. 264, pi. 51 e). — schawerdae Byt.-S. denotes a much larger and darker
form with bold olive-green tone, reduced white markings and much narrower white median band. Aritzo, Sar¬
dinia. dannehli Byt.-S. is the palest form from central Italy (Alban and Sabine mountains), pale olive-green
to olive-yellow with wide white bands, the dark central area being reduced to a band.

P. purci Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 269. pi. 51 i;, Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 204). — zernyi Agenjo is a small form. Wings are
white witli a mother-of-pearl sheen, central line enwidened, subterminal area with a greyish suffusion. Marginal
line is bold; as in striata a blackish longitudinal streak extends towards the margin from the cell spot without
however reaching quite so far. Hindwings faintly dusky. Burgos, Spain.

P. purulenta Trti. is related to pura. Forewings white with a somewhat ivory-yellowish tone and faintly
suffused with rose. A straight brownish band just before the centre; the brown marginal line and black cell
spots are quite absent, but there are 4 small black dots in apical area. Hindwings white. Wing expanse: 18 mm.
Cyrenaica in May.

P. purinula Trti. is only half as large as the preceding species. Forewings pure white with straight brown¬
ish central band, as in purulenta and with a few sparse brownish scales in marginal area at apex and anal angle.
J'ringes white without marginal line. Hindwings glossy white. Wing expanse only 8 mm. Somewhat resembles
pura , but the 2 black cell spots are absent. Cyrenaica in May.

28a. Genus: C-oeliies Trti.

This generic name is occupied and must therefore be substituted by — Coeloturatia Strd.

29. Genus: Eustrotia Hbn.

E. uncula Cl. (Vol. 3, p. 280, pi. 52 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 207). — rufotincta Daniel & Korb has a rich fuscous
ground colour, which is deeper towards costa. The flesh coloured streak on costa is roseate, as is also the reni-
forrn stigma. The pale marginal line is faint and yellowish, the paler whitish edge towards the margin is absent.
Hindwings with reddish hue. Central Hungary.

30. Genus: Eulocastra Btl.r.

E. mesozona Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 282, pi. 52 f). Count Titrati asserts that mesozona , described from Aden,
is a separate species, differing from related forms by the central band that projects outwards in two dentations.

E. mediana Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 282) is not synonymous with the preceding species, but, as was already
surmised by H amps ON, a genuine species. It differs from mesozona by the central band, which is angulated
only once outwardly below the costa and its inner outline forms an open obtuse angle towards the base. I have
specimens from Jerusalem before me and an illustration is now given (pi. 26 g).

E. bipartita H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 282, pi. 52 g) is a very rare species, only known to occur in Sicily. The
median band is straight, enclosed by two parallel brown lines and without any projecting angles. In the $ basal
and marginal areas are much darker brown than in J1, also the hindwings are much darker.

E. capnoessa Zerny (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 208) is synonymous with “ Colobochyla ” platyzona Led. (Vol. 3,
p. 398) and should be classified in the Genus Eulocastra.

Publ. 15. VI. 1937.

ARCYOPHORA; MORMONIA; ATHETIS. By Dr. M. Draudt.

265

Subfamily: Acontianae.

19. Genus: Arcyopliora foew.

A. dentula Led. (Vol. 3, p. 300). We are giving an illustration of a persian specimen of this insignificant denlula.
little species (26 g).

Subfamily: Catocalinae.

1. Genus: Moritionhi Hbn.

M. dilecta Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 302, pi. 54 a) — laetitia Schaw. is the corsican form of grey ground colour, laetitia.
generally with white and not yellowish brown stigmata; the white colour also occurs at inner margin at the
termination of one or two transverse bands. Hindwings are more inclined to be carmine with narrower black
zigzag bands. Corsica (Vizzavona, Evisa).

M. scortorum Leech (Vol. 3, p. 303). According to Mell this cannot be specifically separated from aba- scortorum.
mita Brem. & Grey, neither is it a geographical race, but probably only an individual variation.

2. Genus: Catocala Schrk.

C. fraxini L. (Vol. 3, p. 304, p. 54 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 212) — yunnanensis Mell is the largest race, fore- yunnanen-
wings an even deeper grey than in moerens, no brown tinge, the pale edge of the postdiscal dentate band much
reduced. Hindwings purer black, the blue band with violet tone, the black submarginal band extending up to
the white base of fringe. N. W. Yunnan (Likiang).

C. nupta L. (Vol. 3, p. 304, pi. 55 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 213) — japonica Mell is smaller and has narrower japonica.
wings than the other forms, submarginal and postdiscal undulate lines are whitish with black outer edges and
generally contrast more strongly and are more distinct. The red of hindwings is rather duller, the black deeper,
the central band with bold constrictions and angulated. Japan. — likiangensis Mell has distinctly dark grey lilciangensis.
forewings with reduced brown and obsolete transverse lines. Red of hindwings is brilliant, the black central
band is narrow, boldly indented above centre and before its termination. N. W. Yunnan (Likiang) in one gene¬
ration that extends from mid June to November.

C. szechuena Hmps. resembles the indian concubia Wkr., differing in the first instance by the browner szechuena.
colouration. It also resembles nupta, which however is only narrowly white on underside on costa of hindwings,
whilst in szechuena the entire costal half to the mediana and down to 3 is white. Forewings grey, richly admixed
with brown and peppered witli black. Markings as in nupta, the anterior double transverse line is intertilled
with white at inner margin, the posterior line similarly double, brownish. Hindwings scarlet, the black central
band expanding forming a spot below costa, then bending outwards and terminating at submedian fold. The
black marginal band is angulated inwards on 2 and 1. A white apical spot at margin and small white spots
at extremities of veins to 2. W. China (Ta-tsien-loo).

C. jwoxeneta Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 311, pi. 63 c) — confluens Mell has bolder brown forewings, especially the confluens.
basal band. The black marginal band on hindwings is confluent, slightly constricted where the yellow pre-anal
spot woidd be, the dark central band projecting slightly at this spot. Tientsin.

C. tapestrina Moore is an indian species from Simla, between doerriesi (Vol. 3, p. 312) and conversa tapestrina.
(Vol. 3, p. 313, pi. 57 g) and is described in the indian Volume. The form — armandi Pouj. (= butleri Braes, armandi.
nec Leech) (Vol. 3, p. 312) is palaearctic. The $ illustrated on pi. 56 d as butleri, is armandi , which according
to Mell belongs to tapestrina despite the difference in the spines of the hind tibiae. As a further form, which
like the preceding was also described as Ephesia, we have - isicortstans Btlr. from Cashmir (Vol. 3, p. 316, inconstans.
pi. 56 g), so that no great importance is to be attached to the spines of the hind tibiae and as Rothschild has
maintained, the Genus Ephesia has no justification. Mell closes his remarks regarding this group of forms by
saying : armandi is to be considered as a geographic form of a Catocala, which in the $ sex has completely lost
the spines on hind tibiae, whilst in the $$25% have them, which would appear to be a regressive characteristic.
armandi occurs in Szechuan and N. W. Yunnan (Likiang).

C. conversa Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 313, pi. 57 g) — antenigra Schaw. has completely black forewings, practic- cmtenigra.
ally no markings are visible. Hindwings are normal, yellow with deep black bands. Albarracin.

C. kuangtungensis Mell (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 214) — dejeani Mell is smaller with more of an olive tone, dejeani.
antemedian line markings less distinct, the pale cell spot below the stigmata is more apparent and smaller.

Hindwings deeper yellow, inclined to orange. Szechuan (Siaoloo).

Supplementary Volume 3 34

longipalpa-

lis.

honei.

beicki.

giuditta.

yunnana.

infasr.iata.

arctica.

interrupta.

magnified.

splendida.

nigroviola-

cea.

interrupta.

asiatica.

amseli.

266 EPHESIA; SYNGRAPHA; PHYTOMETRA; AUTOPHILA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

3. Genus: £pliesia Hbn.

E. longipalpalis Mell differs strikingly from all other species by the exceptionally long 3rd segment of
palpi. Otherwise it is very like the tapestrina-armandi group. Forewings pale brown, the antemedian transverse
line with dense brown-black outer edge. Upper stigma dark. In the postmedian transverse line all the dent¬
ations project about equally. From the dentation on the sub median fold a strikingly pale oblique streak ex¬
tends to the inner third of costa and from the 2 discal dentations, a similar wide oblique band extends parallel
to the first to costa. A pale oblique streak almost parallel to margin behind the postmedian is very striking. The
yellow of hindwings is a rich ochre and darker than in armandi. N. W. Yunnan (Likiang).

E. honei Mell. Forewings deep brown with dark double antemedian, the outer of the two lines being
three times as thick as the inner. The posterior transverse line is distinct, only moderately dentate, the lower
of the two stigmata is somewhat paler. Hindwings orange-yellow with large apical spot; the black marginal
band extends to anal angle, the inner one is like that of musmi Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 317, pi. 63 d), indistinct in
anal area and covered there with brown-grey hairs. N. W. Yunnan (Likiang).

E. helena Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 314, pi. 57 a) — beicki Mell has somewhat paler, duller colouration and central
area with paler and more distinct bands, hindwings inclined to be orange. From Kansu and Kuku-Nor.

E. giuditta Schaiv. somewhat resembles eutychea Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 318, pi. 57 e). A small species with pure
grey ground colour, the dark transverse bands fainter than in eutychea, the bold pointed dentation of the posterior
transverse line is more obtuse and does not extend to the subterminal, also the projection that extends towards
the base, above the inner margin, is absent. Hindwings paler yellow, the central band is narrower and not so
deep in colour. Algeria (Hamam Rhira) captured in June.

E. largetaui Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 319, pi. 57 d) — yunnana Mell (= ab. 1 Hmps.) has forewings in distal
half completely brown, the proximal half and a few pale patches in marginal area are pale sandy brownish.
Hindwings deeper yellow than in specimens from Szechuan. Generally somewThat larger than name type. 1ST. W.
Yunnan (Likiang). This is one of the commonest Catocalidae there.

E. infasciata Mell is the only Catocala species out of about 150 that are known, that has no band in
the chrome-yellow hindwings. Forewings earthen brown, anterior and posterior dark transverse bands are
distinct, the former projects in 3 large dentations distally, it is widely expanded and dark in upper half and
appears wide and single there, but elsewhere it is double. In the posterior band the 2 discal dentations are
interfilled with brown. The upper stigma is pale brown, the lower one is only circumscribed with black-brown.
Before the fringes there is a fine double line, the inner one dark, the outer one pale, between the veins, both
expand forming spots. Length of forewings 23.7—26.9 mm. N. W. Yunnan (Likiang), end June and in July.
Described from 6 <$<$.

Subfamily: Phytonietrinae.

3. Genus: Syiigraplia Hbn.

S. microgamma Hbn. (Vol. 3, p. 346, pi. 64 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 220) — arctica Bangn. are smaller and
paler specimens with dull yellow-brown hindwings with brown edge. If the “gamma” mark is divided into two
parts, it is named — interrupta Bangn. From N. Lapland.

S. interrogationis L. (Vol. 3, p. 346, pi. 64 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 220). In — magnifica Bangn. the silver
“gamma" mark on forewings is unusually large and expansive and situate on a deep brown velvety ground.
Lapland.

4. Genus: IPIiytomctra Haw.

P. festucae L. (Vol. 3, p. 347, pi. 64 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 221). — splendida Bangn. denotes exceptionally
large specimens (up to 40 mm), richly marked with gold and an especially pale brilliant silvery spot also at
apex. Hindwings very dark. Lapland (Lulea river).

P. macrogamma Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 352, pi. 65 b). — nigroviolacea Bangn. designates very dark specimens.
In — interrupta Bangn. the “gamma” mark is intersected by a brown streak into two spots. Lapland.

Subfamily: Noctuinae.

21. Genus: Autoplifla //(m.

A. asiatica Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 371, pi. 68 d) is by no means merely a form of dilucida Hbn., but a genuine

species.

A. amseli Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 226, pi. 24 c). Boitrsin has demonstrated that amseli is not a genuine
species, but only the central asiatic form of cerealis Stgr. They are pale specimens with few markings, which

ANUMETA ; SYNEDA ; HERMINIA ; RHYNCHODONTODES ; HYPENA ; H Y PEN ODES. By Dr. I )raudt. 207

can outwardly only with difficulty be separated from the preceding asiatica. The differences alleged to have
been found by Amsel in the genitalia were only due to the method of preparation and do in fact not exist. The
types are in the Stattdinger collection.

57. Genus : Aiiiimcta Wkr.

A. quatuor Berio is close to surcoufi Dumont (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 229); forewings reddish brown to the quatuor.
brown postmedian, beyond this whitish, only somewhat tinged with brownish at apex. A large jet-black spot
in centre of margin and posteriorly a faintly dentate black marginal line. Fringes brown. Hindwings similarly
marked, only slightly more brownish in colouration. Wing expanse: 33 mm. Fezzan (Ubari) in October,
lineata Berio has additionally an anterior and central transverse line on forewings. lineata.

58. Genus: &yiiccl«l Gn. (instead of Aleucanitis Warr.).

8. catocalis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 300, pi. 70 h) — reducta Fdz. is an insignificant form in which the central reducia.
band of forewings does not conjoin with the subterminal. The latter terminates above the middle. On hindwings
the black is reduced and the yellow paler. Korla.

100. Genus: Herminin Latr.

H. proxima Chr. (24 k) was overlooked. It is very like crinalis Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 421, pi. 72 e, f) but some- proximo, .
what smaller, colouration a purer ashen grey, dusted with black-brown, sometimes somewhat more yellowish.

Both inner transverse lines like in crinalis, the outer one more widely whitish and decidedly more undulate,
with wide black inner edge. Central spot heavily black. Central shade, marginal line and hindwings as in crinalis.

Taurus; Armenia.

H. nigricaria Osth. (24 k). Forewings monotonous blackish grey with glossy yellowish sheen. Both trans- nigricaria.
verse lines bold and wide, blackish; the inner one curved outwards and undulate,. the outer one fairly straight,
only bending slightly outwards in the lower half and very faintly dentate. In place of reniform stigma a faint
lunular mark. Subterminal line is almost straight and parallel to margin, pale, with darker inner edge. A fine
marginal black line before the fringes. Hindwings paler towards the base, with 2 transverse lines, the outer
one angulated above anal angle. Antennae of $ bipectinated, slightly thickened below centre of shaft. Wing
expanse: 25 — 27 mm. Taurus (Maras, Duldiil-Dagh) in August.

116. Genus: Itliyncliodon tocles Warr.

R. schwingenschussi Wgnr. This species, that was described in 1913 was unfortunately omitted. It is schwingen-
a striking pale species, light grey with a wide white streak from apex to reniform stigma into which it merges. schust

The latter has a brown inner edge. Below the white streak the marginal area is a darker iron-grey, the inner
marginal half of forewings is dusted with whitish. Between mediana and inner marginal nervure, there is a
vertical white transverse line that has a dark inner edge. Anteriorly and posteriorly in basal and marginal areas
there are parallel darker obsolescent transverse shades. Hindwings unicoloured brownish grey. Wing expanse:

23 mm. Ili territory (Central Asia). Wagner places the species, which is described from a single $ between
antiqualis Hbn. and ravalis H.-S. (Vol. 3, p. 430).

118. Genus: SI yg>ena Schrk.

H. tanisi Filipj. is compared with proboscidalis deleta Stgr. Forewings brownish grey, with violet sheen tamsi.
and faint anterior transverse line, that is curved towards the base and is bolder and less oblicpie than in deleta.
Subterminal line like in deleta, beyond it a shade that is particularly noticeable in centre of wing. Outer half of
fringes paler. Hindwings paler grey-brown with dark marginal line, fringes as on forewings. Wing expanse:

28 mm. From Sutshan and Japan (Kyushyu), those from the latter locality being somewhat larger and with
more apparent violet sheen. In August.

119. Genus: Hypcnodes Guen.

H„ orientalis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 438). This is a genuine species and not a form of kalchbergi. A small form orientalis.
from Crete — nesiota Rbl. is synonymous.

268

BRYOPHILA; EUXOA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

medioochra-

cea.

solimana.

atlantis.

squamosa.

anarmodia.

temera.

ambrosiana.

scurrilis.

Jcotzschi.

II. Addenda.

A further revision is necessary owing to the number of new descriptions, corrections etc and the possi¬
bility of giving some additional illustrations.

19. Genus: JSryopliila Fr.

B. ravula Hhn. (Vol. 3, p. 20; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 17). — medioochracea Byt.-S. (24 k) corresponds to the
form grisescens Obth. in ground colour, but the central area between the two transverse lines is rusty red in con¬
trast to ravulana, in which the antemedian area is brown. Asia Minor (Anatolia); Beirut; Sardinia.

B. galathea Mill. (Vol. 3, p. 20, pi. 4 d). — soliniana /. n. (24 k) has more pointed wings with more ob¬
lique margins. The white antemedian is wider and consists of 2 deeply curved archs and there is a rusty red
streak in place of a claviform stigma at the point of contact. All other markings are fairly similar to those of
galathea , only the yellowish white ground colour seems more prominent and in consequence slightly paler than
in freshly emerged specimens of galathea. I am meanwhile classifying this form here and leave it to be decided
later, whether it is a genuine species. Hitherto only a limited number of specimens have been obtained at
Tacht-i- Suleiman (N. Persia, Elburz).

B. atlantis Schwing. (24 k) is very close to galathea, but is more robustly built and has wider wing contour.
Ground colour monotonous dark grey-green, so that the delicate markings appear rather confused. They are
similarly arranged to galathea and also like the much smaller bilineata Rothsch. Hindwings whitish grey with
grey discal spot, grey outer band and a varyingly wide grey margin. Fringes whitish. Morocco (Tachdirt),
between 2700 and 3100 m. In July.

B. squamosa Schwing. resembles muralis Forst. but is smaller and wings are more rounded. Forewings
yellow-grey in with reddish hue, inclined to rosy red in $. Arrangement of markings similar to that of muralis,
the central area from stigmata to inner margin black, only between the stigmata a round yel low respectively
red spot remains. Hindvdngs in $ whitish, scaled with grey and with distinct discal spot and faint transverse
line; in $ hindwings are almost black. Wing expanse: 23 — 24 mm. Morocco (Jjoukak). End of June.

20. Genus: £uxoa Hb.

E. anarmodia Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 26; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 51). According to Boitrsin this is a genuine Euxoa.
and not an Agrotis. It should be classified next to capsensis Chret. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 24). As a synonym: albi-
orbis Hamps. 1919 nec 1909.

E. temera Hb. (Vol. 3, p. 27 as obelisca; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 24). As a synonym to this species: hem.ispherica
Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 26, pi. 12 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 29).

E. suffusa Fdz. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 240). — ambrosiana Bours. The locality Anatolia (Akshehir) should
be deleted, as this is only a pale specimen of hastifera Donz. (Vol. 3. p. 27, pi. 5h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 24).

E. scurrilis sp. n. (26 d) should be classified next to fraudulenta Cti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 31, pi. 4 c). Head
and thorax covered with coarse black and yellowish white scales. Forewdngs coarsely peppered with black on
yellowish white ground. Subbasal, anterior and posterior transverse lines double, densely black, crenulate and
intertilled with pure whitish yellow ground colour. Stigmata can only be discerned with difficulty in the mottled
ground, between them a black central shade extends to inner margin. Central area partially with somewhat
bluish tone. In subterminal area there are indications of irregular black cuneiform marks forming a subterminal
line. Beyond the yellow- white marginal line, fringes are checked with blackish. Hindwings pale brownish grey
with somewhat darker veins and whitish fringes. Mr. Boursik has examined the genitalia. Described from a
freshly emerged captured by Pfeiffer at end of July on the Kendevan Pass (Persia, Elburz). Type in the
collection of Draudt.

E. kotzschi sp. n. (24 i) should be classified about between decora Schiff, and birivia Schiff. (Suppl.
Vol. 3, p. 31). The $ antennae have long ciliate serrations. Head and thorax with grey and black hairs. Fore¬
wings uniformly peppered with black on whitish grey ground. Subbasally 2 black costal dots and a larger one
conjoined by an indistinct basal streak below mediana. Both transverse lines are double, arising from bold
black dots on costa; the posterior line outlining the wide blackish central shade. All 3 stigmata large and of
the usual shapes, orbicular stigma generally elliptical at top. Subterminal line pale, irregularly dentate with
dark grey inner edge. There is a pale fringe base line posterior to the heavy black marginal streaks. The pale
grey fringes are intersected by 2 dark lines. Hindwings whitish faintly coloured with grey at margin and on
veins and with a fine interrupted marginal line. A large number of pairs were captured by H. Ivotzsch in June
on a high alpine table land, 2800 — 3000 m altitude at, Badachshan (Sebak valley) and named in his honour.
Types are in the collection of Kotzsch, cotypes in the collection of Draudt.

AGROTIS; RHYACIA; SCOTOGRAMMA; CARDEPIA. By Rr. M. Draudt. 269

21. Genus: Agrotls 0.

A. graslini Rbr. (Vol. 3, p. 36, pi. 7 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 43). We are now able to give an illustration of
the form — joannisi Gl. et le P. (26 e). joannisi.

A. flavina H.-Schdff. (Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 12 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 52). As a synonym of the form brunneo- brunnco-
picta Cti. we have to mention — xanthosemata Hmps. (Eyhpsilia) which was described from Elisabethpol.

Subgenus: Ogygia Hbn.

0. Wiltshire! Bours. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 245). Through the courtesy of Mr. Ch. Boursin, we are now able wiltshirei.
to give an illustration (23 k).

0. elongata Trti. The author classifies this in his Genus: Stenosoma next to synesia Trti., which we had elongata.
considered as synonymous with mansoura Obth. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 57). Turati still maintains this is a genuine
species and alleges that it differs by the bluish grey colouration as well as by the longer forewings, that are
more pointed at apex; elongata approaches agrotina Rothsch. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 56, pi. 6 h) in appearance but
has a more elongated and narrower wing contour: the ground colour is ashen grey, less blackish than in agrotina;
the upper stigmata have pale surrounds, the narrow clavifonn stigma is distinct. Marginal area is somewhat
less pale than in agrotina, but much paler than in mansoura respectively synesia. Apex is subdivided by a dark
oblique streak. Hindwings are whitish with brownish veins and discal spot. Wing expanse: 36 mm. Cyrenaica
(Scleidima and Zuetima) in September.

21. Genus: Ithyacia Hbn.

Rh. pseudosimulans Kozh. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 70, pi. 10 a). As synonymous with this species must be pseudosimu-
added Eyhpsilia arenacea Hmps. nee arenacea Kozh. (1923) described from Quetta.

Rh. rafidain Bours. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 248) is now illustrated (23 k). rafidain.

Rh. insignata Led. (Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 13 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 64 and 248). — fuliginosa Drt. is synonymous
with — leuconeura Hmps., which was described first; possibly this is a genuine species. leuconeura.

Rh. peterseni Krul. ( = eversmanni Pet.) (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 248) is now illustrated (26 e) from a specimen peterseni.
kindly lent by Dr. Horhammer.

Rh. iobaphes Bours. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 251) is illustrated (23 k) by the courtesy of Ch. Boursin. iobaphes.

Rh. baja F. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 k; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 77). As synonymous with the form — nisseni Rothsch. nisseni.
we must add — durandi Luc.

Rh. depuncta L. (Vol. 3, p. 44, pi. 9 i ; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 251) - pontica Stgr. according to Boursin, is pontica.
a genuine species and the form — consenescens Stgr. belongs to the latter and has no connection with depuncta ;
consenescens occurs in typical form in Spain (Bejar).

Rh. pulverea Hmps. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 80) belongs to xanthographa Schijf. according to information pulverea.
kindly supplied by Boursin.

4. Subfamily: Hadeninae.

4. Genus: §cotogramma Mi

S. raselaini Dumont (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 98). According to Boursin this is a genuine species and not a raselaini.
form of salicorniae (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 97) and the latter should probably be classified with sodae Rmbr.; raselaini
can now be illustrated (24 k).

S. epiphleps Trti. is provisionally placed in this Genus by its author and it somewhat resembles Polia epiphleps.
satanella Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 73, pi. 17 c). Forewings grey, somewhat paler subcostally, with a wide whitish sub-
terminal area. Both transverse lines are crenulate, black sagittate marks before subterminal line. The small
round orbicular stigma is ochreous yellow with darker centre, reniform is unicoloured with a faint yellowish dot
outwardly. Marginal area monotonous black-brown, with black lunular streaks on margin with touches of
ochreous brownish. The grey fringes are checked with ochre. Hindwings grey-white with blackish cuneiform
marks on margin. Wing expanse: 36 mm. From 1 $ from Cyrenaica (Scleidima) in November.

21. Genus: Cardepia Hmps.

C. taylori Rothsch. resembles irrisor Ersch. (Vol. 3, p. 83, pi. 21 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. Ill) but is larger taylori.
and darker. Head, thorax and forewings are dark grey-brown (not “pale mouse-grey”) peppered with blue-

270

PSEUDOCOPICUCULLIA — AMATHES. By Dr. M. Draudt.

grey and cinnamon brown. The orbicular stigma is much larger, reniform more sharply outlined and with black
core in lower half, claviform stigma is very large and intensively black-brown. Subterminal line is more deeply
dentate, fringes are brown with darker brown checks. Hindwings darker, outwardly sooty black with white
fringes. Wing expanse: 41 mm. Mesopotamia (Amara) in October.

Subfamily: Cucullianae.

3. Genus: Fseudocopicncnllia

mela.no- P. melanoglossa Berio. Body and forewings yellowish white, collar with black intersecting line. Fore-

(jlossa. wjngS wit,h fine black basal streak, no indications of transverse lines, all veins finely black. A few ockreous
interneural streaks subapically and a similar lunular arch in place of the posterior transverse line before the
anal angle. Inwardly of same towards the base a few speckles. Hindwings transparent pure white with yellowish
veins and marginal line. Wing expanse: 40 mm. Fezzan (Ubari) in October. The author had created for this
species, the separate Genus: Pseudonycterophaeta.

32a. Genus: Tlieeaniicliiis gen. n.

To be placed between Thecophora Led. and Eumichtis Him. Proboscis fully developed, the upturned
palpi are hairy underneath and with somewhat projecting terminal segment. Frons smooth with high frontal
tuft. Eyes large, round, boldly ciliate. $ antennae strongly serrate with fascicles of cilia. Thorax covered
with hairs and scales, tufts on prothorax and metathorax. Abdomen with fairly tall dorsal tufts. Neuration
of forewings normal, on hindwings in $ the subcostalis in the upper section of cell has a flat S shape, at first
convex, bending then concavely upwards and downwards to the long stalk of 6 and 7, forming at the point
of division a sort of accessory cell with an oblique fold coming from S. This gives the impression of a deep oval
cavity on the upper side of hindwings which is filled with, long hairy scent scales. In the $ the neuration of
hindwings is normal. Margin of forewings is undulate. Only 1 species:

meissneri. Th. meissneri sp.n. somewhat resembles outwardly Trichoridia canosparsa Hmps. (Vol. 11, p. 113)

described from Sikkim, but differs considerably anatomically. Head and thorax are black, interspersed with
yellow-white. Forewings black, densely peppered with yellow-white, on costa alternatingly marked with black
and white. Subbasal is only indicated by a few black appressions of scales. The anterior transverse line is double,
the lines are widely separated and intertilled with black, so that a broad black antemedian band is created. The
upper stigmata are somewhat quadrate but without outline and pale yellowish white in the mottled ground.
They have 3 or 4 black dots in the angles, and are slightly more deeply shaded with black before and behind
the reniform stigma. The posterior transverse line is crenulate; subterminal black streaks that in the submedian
area contain 2 yellow-white streaks. Fringes black with faint white checks. Hindwings brownish, widely dusky
at margin and with delicate yellow-white fringe base line. Obtained in large quantities at Likiang (N. Yunnan)
and in single specimens at Tai-shan (Shantung) in September. Types in the collection of Hoene, Reichsmuseum
Alexander Konig in Bonn; cotypes in the collection of Draudt. In all probability the illustration in Vol. 11,
pi. 14 g as “ canosparsa represents this species, whilst the is a copy af Hampson's illustration, which was
described only from genuine canosparsa $<$. This interesting new discovery is named in honour of Mr. Paul
Meissner, Shanghai, who is a director of the well known german firm of Otto Wolff, Cologne and who has helped
promote the expeditions of Hoene in a most generous manner.

43. Genus: Antitype Hbn.

glaisi. A. rosea Rothsch. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 142) — glaisi D. Luc. is not simply a synonym, it is a pale grey and

not a brownish rose form.

pentheri. A. pentheri Rbl. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 144) proves to be a synonym to Crym. platinea-montana H.-S. (Suppl.

Vol. 3, p. 259) and must therefore be deleted.

47. Genus: Bryomima

grisea. B. johanna Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 139, pi. 34 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 258). - grisea D. Luc. is not a simple synonym,

but the more monotonously coloured north african race with less distinct markings, but with bolder discal spots.

62. Genus: Am a tlies Hbn.

liypotaenia. A. hypotaenia Byt.-S. (23 k). Forewings dark brown, the double transverse lines widely suffused with

blackish. There is a very distinct dark brown subapical spot, that is continued in a row of fine black interneural
dots. A delicate pale fringe base line behind blackish marginal dots. Between the two transverse lines there is

PARASTICHTIS; LUCASIDIA; USBECA; PRAESTILBIA; HYPOSTILBIA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 271

an oblique central shade. Orbicular stigma is elongate and oblique, the large reniform is filled with grey, both
stigmata with fine reddish surrounds. Hindwings grey with large discal spot, postmedian and pale fringes.

Beirut (Syria). — Wiltshire! Byt.-S. is a dark black-brown form that looks about like Conistra ligula-polita Him., vnllshirei.
but the marginal area remains a c ntrasting pale leathery brown. Lebanon (Arayah) in December.

Subfamily: Zemobiinae.

9. Genus: ParasticBatis Him.

P. timida Stgr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 158) was unfortunately omitted from plate 19 h and the illustration limida.
is now being given here (23 c).

24a. Genus: Ijiicasidia Bours.

Proboscis developed, palpi scaled and with short terminal segment. Frons with granulated round convex
arch, that has a projecting ridge in centre that ends at top in an obtuse point, below in a corneous plate. <$
antennae serrate, ciliate. Thorax covered with scales and hairs, metathorax with tuft. Abdomen without tufts.

Neuration of forewings normal; hindwings show vein 5 relatively thick, somewhat below the disco-cellular ner-
vure, 6 and 7 with short stalk. Only 1 species:

L. phenax Bours. (23 k). Head and thorax yellowish white, with faint reddish hue, abdomen grey-brown, phenax.
Forewings rose-yellow, admixed with bluish. The anterior transverse line consists of 3 separated sectors. Clavi-
form stigma short, quadrate, close below orbicular stigma. Central shade indistinct. The round orbicular stigma
has a somewhat darker centre, reniform is indicated by a darker patch. The fine indistinct posterior transverse
line is crenulate. Postmedian and subterminal areas are inclined to bluish grey, somewhat brownish before the
apex. Subterminal line is absent, fringes are rose-yellowish. Hindwings brownish with darker marginal band
and postmedian indicated. The $ is darker, somewhat of a bluish leaden grey, but varying in the depth of the
leaden grey colouration. Hindwings completely brown. Wing expanse: $ 34, $ 36 mm. S. W. Morocco.

26a. Genus: \J sheen Pglr.

U. cornuta Pglr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 166). The form — kulmburgi Rbl. was erroneously not illustrated on kulmburgi.
pi. 20 f, but we are now giving an illustration (23 c).

65. Genus: Praestilbia Stgr.

P. armeniaca Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 205, pi. 48 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174). In — desigiiata Byt.-S. all traces of designata.
black markings are absent from fore wings, the dark inner edge of postmedian is also extinct, the only markings
are the delicate surrounds of the stigmata and the two transverse lines. Lebanon (Aley) in October.

Addenda to the Group of Forms of the Genus: Athetis m.

The excellent revision of this very difficult group, which has been published by Boursest *) after years
of painstaking research and after examination of all the available types, is deserving of careful attention. It
is greatly to be appreciated that clarity and order have been created in these species after the chaos that, with
the exception of 2 or 3 groups, has hitherto prevailed. Thanks to Mr. Bourses', it has been possible to illustrate
the types of the species almost without exception. The following is the result:

66. Genus: Hypostilbia Hmps.

This Genus has to be entirely withdrawn, as

H. megastigma Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 205, pi. 48 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174) proves to be synonymous with megastigma.
Nonagria distracta Ev. (Vol. 3, p. 216, pi. 45 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174). Further synonyms are: Athetis cinerea
Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 216, pi. 48 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 182) and also Arenostola mollicella Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 235). The
species is a genuine Nonagria to be classified next to maritima Tausch. (Vol. 3, p. 238, pi. 48 e; Suppl. Vol. 3,
p. 194).

H. correpta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 205, pi. 42 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174) on the other hand is a genuine Proxenus correpta.
that comes next to lepigone Msclrdr. (Vol. 3, p. 216), just as does bang-haasi Wgnr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174).

*) Compare .Hours in, Morph olog. and systematic Study of the Genus Athetis Hbn. (Caradrina Auct.), Entomolog.

Rundschau, 54 volume, No. 29, p. 364 etc.

272

AMPHIDRINA — ELAPHRIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

67. Genus: Amj>]iicli*iiisi Stgr.

paupera. A. nitida Pglr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174) must be considered synonymous with Athetis paupera Christ.

(Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180, pi. 26 1), which however is neither an Amphidrina nor an Athetis.
Botjrsin creates for the species the

67a. Genus: Steiiodriua

which is characterised by the thin transparent frons, slender palpi, scaled thorax and narrow sleek abdomen.
To this new Genus has to be added:

aeschista. St. aeschista Bours. (26 1). A antennae with short fascicles of cilia. Forewings impure grey-brown.

Anterior transverse line barely indicated. Orbicular and claviform stigmata and central shade are absent. There
is a very prominent black-brown dot in the lower half of the reniform stigma. The posterior transverse line is
dark, subterminal line is very indistinct in the dusky marginal area. On margin there are brown-black inter-
neural streaks. Fringes unicoloured. Hindwings grey-brown, paler towards the base with impure whitish fringes.
Amasia, Kurdistan.

67b. Genus: Hoplodrina Boars.

This new Genus is very close to Amphidrina St.gr., differing by the vestiture of the thorax, that consists
of scales and hairs without tuft on metathorax and by the entirely different genitalia.

Type : H. alsines Brahm.

H. alsines Brahm (= alsinides Costni.) (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi 42 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 175).

H. blanda Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 175).

H. levis Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 175).

H. pfeifferi Bours. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 175).

H. strammea Zny. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 175).

H. ambigua Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 42 i; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 176).

H. superstes Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 42 k).

H. atlantis Ziiy. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 176).

H. respersa Schiff. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 42 k).

H. placata Leech (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 g).

euryptera. H. euryptera Boars. (26 1). Forewings wide, uniformly brown with faint reddish sheen and indistinct

anterior transverse line. The large orbicular stigma is delicately outlined in yellowish, as is the large reniform
stigma. A wide central shade is barely visible. The posterior transverse line is indicated by dark dots on the
veins. Subterminal line is straight, fine and yellowish, as is the marginal line, before which there are minute
blackbrown crescents. Hindwings uniformly brown. Wing expanse: 36 mm. Szechuan (Giufu-shan) at an
altitude of 1800 m, in August.

H. conspicua Leech (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 48 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 175).

71. Genus: Atlietis Hbn.

Elaphria. As generic name for this group, the name: Elaphria Hbn. must be introduced. The explicit reasons for

this cannot be given here and we refer to the original work. In order to group the species of this difficult family
according to phylogenetic standpoints, Boursix has subdivided it into several subgenera, based on the mor¬
phology of the A genital organs. In regard to the interesting details that have resulted from this, we must again
refer to the original work.

1. Subgenus: Elaphria Hbn.

Type: E. morpheus Hfngl.

morpheus. E. morpheus Hfngl. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180) is the name type according to the

rules of nomenclature and at the same time the sole representative of this subgenus. Genitalia differ somewhat
dresnayi. from the other groups. dresnayi Luc. denotes very dark, almost black specimens.

2. Subgenus: Hymenodrina Bours.

Type: E. terrea Err.

In these species the valves have a cuticular membrane at the extremity. The following species belong here:

E. cinerascens Tengstr. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 178).

E. albina Ev. (= tenera B.-H.) (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 d; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 179).

E. grisea Ev. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 177).

E. melancholica Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 177, pi. 22 e).

Publ. 27. IX. 1937.

ELAPHRIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

273

E. parvaspersa Bours. (26 1). antennae with short fascicles of cilia. Forewings dark ashen grey with parvaaperaa.
very indistinct markings, only the reniform stigma is dark and clear, while the subterminal line is visible.

Hindwings in $ impure whitish, duskily shaded in marginal half, with distinct discal spot. In $ hindwings
are somewhat more brownish. Wing expanse: 23 — 25 mm. Rayat, Iraq (East Mossul), in September.

E. ierrea Err. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 d, e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 179).

E. albersi Warn. (26 k) comes next to terrea. Forewings yellowish brown, dusted with dark grey. Trans- albersi.
verse lines dark grey and indistinct, orbicular stigma dark grey with pale outline; the large reniform is also
dark grey and more or less distinct with paler outline, generally with whitish cuneiform spots outwardly. In
marginal area a paler yellowish undulate line, before which are brown shades that often diffuse into cuneiform
patches. Veins generally darker in marginal area. Hindwings whitish, grey in $ with dusky mai’ginal half.

— clarior Warn, denotes paler specimens. Central Asia, Djarkent, Ili, Thian-shan, Urumchi, Naryn. clarior.

E. proxima Rmbr. (= infusca Rmbr., kadenii Oberth. nec Err.) (Vol. 3, p. 212; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 179). proxima.
Boursin has ascertained that kadenii Err. is a genuine species and that inspite of its outward surprising simi¬
larity belongs in another group. The differences in the characteristics are: in proxima the black marginal line
of hindwings is not interrupted, in kadenii it consists of interneural streaks; reniform stigma in proxima is
paler and less striking, whilst in kadenii it is dark and sharply outlined; proxima has more delicate transverse
lines and an almost straight fine subterminal line, in kadenii the latter forms a dentation on vein 5 towards
the base and has bolder sagittate marks in front. Spain; Portugal; France (Collioure, E. Pyrenees). — rufo- rufostigmaia.
stigmata Rothsch. is the northern african form with more reddish reniform stigma. We are again illustrating
the typical species (25 1).

E. warneckei Bours. (26 k). Forewings brownish grey. The distinct anterior transverse line forms a wameckei.
dentation in place of the absent claviform stigma. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are somewhat darker than
the ground. Posterior transverse line is barely indicated, subterminal line is very distinct with 4 black-brown
sagittate marks anteriorly between veins 3 and 6. Subterminal area faintly brownish. Hindwings impure
white with dark margin and distinct discal spot. Wing expanse: 29 mm. Central Asia (Ala Tau; Issyk-kul;

Ili, from around Djarkent; Naryn; Thian-shan).

E. sogdiana Boxirs. (26 k). antennae with short fascicles of cilia. Forewings brownish grey, all mark- sogdiana.
ings indistinct with the exception of the central shade and the distinctly visible reniform stigma. Subterminal
line indicated by darker shading between 2 and 7. Subterminal area somewhat brownish. Hindwings impure
grey-brown. Wing expanse: 28 mm. Kara-Tjube, S. E. of Samarkand (Turkestan) in September.

E. surchica Bours. (26 k). q antennae with short fascicles of cilia. Forewings almost devoid of mark- surchica.
ings, grey, only the two transverse lines are distinct, the posterior line commences at a heavy black dot above
the reniform stigma. The latter only contrasts faintly from ground colour, all the other stigmata are absent.

Central shade is very indistinct. Postmedian area slightly darker towards distinct subterminal line. Marginal
area beyond slightly brownish. Hindwings whitish with dark marginal band, darker in $. Wing expanse:

25 — 26 mm. Kurdistan (Rowanduz; Shekh Adi) in September to November.

E. rjabovi Bours. (26 k). Forewings brown with bold markings, both transverse lines distinct, also a rjabovi.
heavy central shade. Claviform stigma is absent. Orbicular and reniform stigmata present, darker than ground.

Postmedian area heavily brownish. Hindwings whitish, dusky brown at margin. Wing expanse: 28 mm.

Armenia (Migry on Araxes); from around Van.

E. soudanensis Bmps. (26 i) outwardly closely resembles eremocosma , but according to genitalia it is soudanensis.
a H ymenodrina ; it is somewhat smaller than the species mentioned, duller grey -yellow, otherwise very similarly
marked, also the black central shade is similarly formed, but the marginal area is more widely blackened and
has traces of a pale subterminal line therein. Hindwings purer white with narrower and more clearly defined
blackish marginal band. Described from Port Sudan. I have specimens from Arabia (Djecldah) kindly sent
me by Boursin and it probably occurs also in the palaearctic districts of Egypt.

E. syriaca Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180).

E. aspersa Rbr. (= culoti Trti., predotae Schaw.) (Vol. 3, jj. 213, pi. 45 g; Suppl. 3, p. 181).

E. wiltshirei Bours. (26 k). $ antennae with short fascicles of cilia. Forewings yellowish brown, all wiltsliirei.
markings indistinct, claviform and orbicular stigmata are absent, only reniform stigma discernible. Post¬
median and subterminal areas are embraced by a wide and distinct dark band. Hindwings impure yellowish
white, dusky at margin. Wing expanse: 28 mm. Iraq (Rowanduz), East Mossul, in September.

E. germainii Dup. (= laciniosa Donz. [sec. specimen typ.] bolivari Edz., jacobsi auct. nec Rothsch.)

(Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 e; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 179).

Supplementary Volume 3

35

274

ELAPHPIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

Tcadenii.

ingrata.

fuscicornis.

amseli.

zobeidah.

heptarchia.

boursini.

E. kadenii Frr. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 e) is a genuine species according to Boitrsih, which differs from
proximo, by the differently shaped genitalia. This species seems to be indigenous to chalky districts and is
absent from localities, where proximo is found, it does not occur in Spain, Portugal and N. Africa. To give
a comparison with proximo, we are illustrating the species (25 k).

E. ingrata Stgr. (= infusca Const. <J, nec nec Rmbr.) (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 48 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 178).
This species is now also recorded as occurring near Marseilles (Plan d'Aups), where it was captured on 9 Sep¬
tember. It is also found in Spain (Burgos and Saragossa).

E. oberthuri Rothsch. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 181).

3. Subgenus: Paradrina Rours.

In these the valves separate into 2 extending lobes, of which the lower one is occasionally rudimentary.

Type: E. selini B.

E. selini B. (= telekii Diosz.) (Vol. 3, p. 210; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 176).

E. fuscicornis Rrnbr. (= variabilis Bell.) (Vol. 3. p. 212, pi. 45 e; Suppl. Vol. 3. p. 179) is a genuine
species *), that occurs in April, May and again in September, October exclusively in Corsica and Sardinia
and at a period in the year, when scarcely any collecting has been done and therefore it is rare in collections.
It closely resembles kadenii , but is smaller, paler and with black antennae (in kadenii they are brownish), an
almost indistinguishable reniform stigma and finally by still purer white hindwings. It is widely separated
from kadenii and proximo by the shape of the valves and armature of penis. The larva feeds on Scrophularia
ramosissima. — rufostigmata Rothsch. is a race of proximo, as is mentioned above and its relationship to sacha-
linensis Mats, is very douhtfoul.

E. amseli Bours. (25 1). Forewings brownish grey, markings are just like those of clavipal pis . Subbasai
is indicated on costa by a black dot. Transverse lines distinct, the anterior one double, central shade only
faintly indicated. Orbicular stigma is a brown dot, reniform stigma is normal, brown with reddish admixture.
In front of the distinct subterminal line, there are red-brown sagittate streaks between 5 and costa. Black
dots on veins at margin. Hindwings white, duskier in §. Wing expanse: 29 — 30 mm. Palestine (Jericho;
Genezareth), Lebanon.

E. zobeidah Bours. (26 1). Forewings smoky grey with indistinct subbasai and distinct anterior trans¬
verse line. Orbicular stigma indicated by a small dark dot, reniform witli brownish core, darker below, dis¬
tinct. Central shade and posterior transverse line distinct, the area behind the latter shaded. Subterminal
line consists of paler yellowish spots in the dusky marginal area. Hindwings whitish, faintly shaded at outer
margin. Wing expanse: 24 — 28 mm. Iraq (Bagdad, Mossul) ; a paler specimen from around Teheran.

E. flavirena Gn. (Vol. 3, p. 210, pi. 45 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 177).

E. muricolor Bours. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 177).

E. persirriilis Rothsch. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 178).

E. rebeli Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 210, pi. 45 a).

E. mairei Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 177).

E. himalayica Roll. (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 45 b, c).

E. chinensis Leech (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 45 c).

E. heptarchia Bours. (26 1). Forewings grey, admixed with brown, subbasai and anterior transverse
lines faintly distinguishable. Claviform stigma absent. Orbicular stigma of usual shape but barely discernible,
reniform is large and well developed with red-brown shade outwardly. The posterior transverse line is scarcely
indicated, the postmedian area becomes more intensely brown outwardly. A paler subterminal line in the
darker subterminal area. Hindwings impure grey-brown, paler in disc with distinct discal spot. Wing expanse:
32 mm. Yunnan (Tali). Paler specimens occur commonly at Likiang (N. Yunnan) and are in the Hoene
collection.

E. hispanica Mob. (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 48 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 178).

E. hypostigma Bours. (Suppl. 3, p. 176).

E. boursini Wgnr. (25 1). Forewings suffused in varying extent with deep sepia and peppered with
black on pale reddish brown ground. Only the costal area and reniform stigma remain pale, the latter filled
with black with pale core. A wide blackish brown shaded band with paler centre in front of the dentate sub-

*) A. astigmata Rothsch. & divitefimbriata Rothsch. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 179) are forms of Rh. kermesina (Agrotinae)
(Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 78).

ELAPHRIA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

275

terminal line. Hindwings yellowish white, brownish at margin and with discal lunule reflected through. Fringes
white. Head and collar a remarkably striking yellowish white, palpi laterally black. Persia (Kendevan Pass
and Tacht-i- Suleiman), in the Elburz mountains, beginning to middle of July.

E. ellisoni Bours. (26 1). Fore wings brownish, admixed with yellow, heavily marked. Both anterior ellisoni.
transverse lines distinct. Claviform stigma only indicated, orbicular as a very small dark dot, the distinct
reniform with pale centre and dark brown surround. Between them a well marked central shade. Posterior
transverse line very distinct, dark brown. Postmedian area pale in inner half, forming a wide dark band in
outer half, behind which lies the distinct subterminal line. Marginal area impure brown with blackish marginal
streaks in the interstices of the veins. Hindwings brownish white, shaded outwardly and with an interrupted
marginal line between veins 2 and 6. Wing expanse: 29 mm. Lebanon, from around Bescharre, in Juni and
August. Perhaps this is only a race of the preceding species.

E. wullschlegeli Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 210, pi. 45 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 177) — schwingenschussi Bours. (25 1) schwinyen-
cliffers from the typical form from Zermatt by the rather more yellowish and paler general colouration and the schussi.
more distinct and pronounced markings of lines and stigmata. Bithynia (Boli); Ak-shehir (Sultan-Dagh) in
June and July.

E. clavipalpis Scop. (= avicula Krul.) (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 45 c; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 178).

E. scotoptem Pglr. (Suppl. 3, p. 179).

E. jacobsi Rothsch. ( = Miana lignea Trli.) (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 179 and p. 160).

E. atriluna Gn. (= angularis Trt.i.) (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 g).

E. flava Obth. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 45 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 176).

E. casearia Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 214; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 181).

E. distigma Chret. (= halimi Chret.) Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180 and 182).

4. Subgenus: Eremodrina Bours.

Characterised by the frequently unsymmetrical ends of valves and a thimble-shaped basal appendage.

Type: E. vicina Stgr.

E. vicina Stgr. (= perspicua Warr .) (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 45 c and 213, pi. 45 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180)

— rosea Bours. is somewhat larger and suffused with reddish. Lebanon (Sannin). rosea.

E. asymmetrica Bours. (= perspicua Filipj. nec Warr.) (26 h). Forewings yellowish brown with ob- asymmetrica.
scure markings, both transverse lines just discernible. Orbicular stigma a slightly darker spot, reniform of
usual shape, postmedian area very faintly brownish. Hindwings yellowish white, dusky at margin. $ somewhat
darker, hindwings suffused with brownish. Wing expanse: 28 mm. Germob, from around Askhabad, in July.

E. belucha Swinh. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f) (26 i).

E. clara Schaw. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180) (26 i) has hitherto been considered partly as a bermeja form clara.
and partly as a pertinax form, but proves to be a genuine species. — barbarica Bours. (= perinax inumbrata barbarica.
Rothsch. nec Stgr.) differs from the typical form by the yellowish brown ground colour with faint salmon pink
hue, not whitish as in the Spanish form. Size is also considerably larger (36 mm). Algeria (Oran) in October.

— armeniaca on the contrary is decidedly smaller and has very distinct salmon pink ground colouration, armeniaca.
Markings are heavier, reniform stigma has several white dots in its lower half and the dark marginal band
contrasts with the ground colour. On hindwings the dark marginal band is wider and boldly outlined from

the white ground. Wing expanse: 32 — 32.5 mm. Armenia (Nachitshewan; Dzhuga near Dzhulfa on the Araxes);

September, October.

E. inumbrata Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180).

E. filipjevi Bours. S antennae with short fascicles of cilia only at base. Forewings yellowish, both filipjevi.
transverse lines present. Orbicular stigma is barely indicated, claviform stigma is absent, the brownish reni¬
form is of usual shape. Postmedian and subterminal areas are faintly darker than the rest of the wing. Hind¬
wings yellowish white, faintly shaded at margin. Wing expanse: 30 mm. Kara-Tjube. S. E. of Samarkand,
only 1 S known, captured in August.

E. xanthorhoda Bours. (25 1). Forewings yellowish with faint rosy hue, distinct and clear anterior trans- xantliorlioda.
verse line and central shade, barely visible orbicular and brownish reniform stigmata. Posterior transverse
line also clear. Postmedian area widely dusky outwardly, separated from the more brownish marginal area
by the distinct subterminal line. Fringes pale. Hindwings impure whitish, slightly shaded outwardly. Persia
(Elburz; Demavend) in July.

E. cxpansa Alph. (Vol. 3, p. 213; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 178, pi. 26 i).

276

ELAPHRIA. By Dr. M. Dratjdt.

draudti.

r oxana.

eucrinospila.

zernyi.

debilis.

signata.

eremocosma.

agenjoi.

salzi.

argentea.

hedychroa.

turatii.

E. draudti Bours. (26 h). Forewings yellowish brown with very distinct transverse lines. Claviform
and orbicular stigmata are absent, reniform stigma indicated by darker shading. Postmedian area brownish.
Hindwings impure white with dusky margin. The $ is more heavily marked, especially the transverse lines
very distinct. Hindwings barely darker than in <J. Wing expanse: 26 mm. Turkish Armenia (from around
Van); September.

E. roxana Bours. (26 i). Forewings yellowish, sandy brownish with darker apex and outer margin.
The distinct transverse lines extend from black costal dots, as also does the faint central shade. Claviform
and orbicular stigmata are absent, reniform is normal and distinctly darker. Postmedian area becomes intenser
to subterminal line, which consists of yellowish striations. Marginal area beyond is also dark. Fringes yellowish.
Hindwings impure yellowish white, faintly shaded brownish outwardly. Wing expanse: 30 mm. Kara-Tjube
(S. E. of Samarkand).

E. eucrinospila Bours. (26 h). Forewings pale brownish grey with subbasal indicated, anterior trans¬
verse line very bold, posterior line faint, only rather more distinct at inner margin. Orbicular stigma is a
black dot; the very distinct reniform stigma has the shape of an elongate narrow streak. Postmedian area is
faintly darker brownish. Subterminal line is only indicated towards the apex by a few blackish striations.
Hindwings whitish with brownish margin. The $ is somewhat darker and more heavily marked. Hindwings
dusky brownish in marginal half. Wing expanse: 25 mm. Askhabad, Germab, in July.

E. melanurina Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 214, pi. 45 g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 182).

E. zernyi Bours. (26 h). Forewings yellowish sandy brown with discernible basal, anterior and post¬
erior transverse lines. Claviform and orbicular stigmata are absent, reniform is brownish with a pale dot in
its outer part. Postmedian area is darker than the rest of the wings, with a pale subterminal line. Hindwings
white, faintly brownish at margin. The $ is somewhat darker, especially in postmedian area. Wing expanse:
30 — 31 mm. Sarepta; Amasia; Taurus (Adana); Syria (Akbes). — debilis Bours. is much smaller (wing ex¬
panse: 26 mm), ground colour is much paler brownish. Iraq, Rowanduz (E. Mossul). — signata Bours. The
two transverse lines are much heavier, especially the anterior line, so that it appears to vary considerably from
type. Armenia (Dzhuga near Dzhulfa).

E. eremocosma Bours. (26 i). Forewings creamy yellow with paler costa, outer area faintly brownish.
Basal line with black costal dot. Anterior transverse line consists of 3 blackish striations. Claviform and
orbicular stigmata are absent. The very pronounced central shade is dark blackish brown and partially en¬
closes the large reniform stigma. The posterior transverse line and subterminal lines are absent. Subapically
there is a black-brown diffuse streak. Hindwings impure white with dark outer band. Wing expanse: 29 mm.
Iran, Luristan; in October, only 1 $ known.

E. fergana Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180).

E. agenjoi Bours. (26 h). Forewings impure yellowish grey, transverse lines, with the exception of the
antemedian, are barely indicated. Claviform stigma is absent, orbicular and reniform stigmata are discernible.
Postmedian and subterminal areas are faintly brownish. Hindwings whitish, faintly dusky at margin. Wing
expanse: 29 mm. Taurus (Zeitun).

E. bermeja Ribbe (= ibeasi Fdz.) (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180).

E. salzi Bours. (26 h). $ antennae with short fascicles of cilia. Forewings rosy yellow with barely
indicated anterior and posterior transverse lines. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are present, the claviform
is absent. Postmedian area is shaded with brownish especially towards the apex. There is a dusky subterminal
line in the shaded subterminal area. Hindwings whitish, greyish at margin and particularly along the veins.
Wing expanse: 30 mm. Malatia, Diabekir district (Turkish Kurdistan), in September.

E. pertinax Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 48 b; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180). — argentea Car. is a nice pale dusty
grey form without the shading at outer margin of forewings. From the Silver Coast (S. Rumania).

E. hedychroa Bours. (26 h). Forewings yellowish salmony rose with faintly indicated transverse lines
and orbicular stigma. Reniform stigma is of the usual shape, standing out by its darker shade, as also does
the postmedian area. Claviform stigma is absent. Subterminal line of the same colour as the ground. Hind¬
wings whitish, brownish at margin. Wing expanse: 31.5 mm. Lebanon (Bescharre; Sannin), in August.

E . melanura Alph. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 180).

E. morosa Led. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 45 a; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 176).

E. turatii Bours. ( vicina Culot nec Stgr.) (26 i). Forewings pale yellowish sandy brown with faint
salmony suffusion. Both transverse lines present. Orbicular and reniform stigmata are distinct, whilst clavi¬
form stigma is absent. Subterminal line is indicated by being slightly darker. Hindwings whitish, dusky at
margin. In $ the anterior transverse line is less distinct and marginal area of hindwings is more heavily shaded.
Wing expanse: 31.5 mm. Issyk-kul, Korla, Askhabad; 1 <$ from Iraq (Hitte) that is rather deeper rose, the
markings being less distinct.

E. turbulenta Warr. (Vol. 3, p. 211, pi. 45 c, d).

PSEUD ATHETIS; STY GIODRINA ; PROXENUS; ATYPHA; PROPSALTA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 277

E. bodenheimeri Drt. (= crassicornis Boms. i. 1.) (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 176, pi. 21 c). Unfortunately Am- bodenhci-
sel’s description and manuscript in regard to this species reached me after the publication of the relative part
of Seitz’ work and therefore according to the rules of nomenclature the name of the author had to be altered.

— chlorotica Bours. differs from typical forms from Palestine by the smaller size (26 mm) and much paler chloroiica.
colour, being without the yellow-reddish tone and corresponding therein to the race debilis of zernyi Bours.

Rowanduz (Iraq), E. Mossul, in September. — plesiarchia Bours. is a clearer yellowish brown without the plesiarchia.
reddish hue. Iran (from around Teheran).

E. gilva Donz. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 g; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 181). — orientalis Bours. is darker, markings oriental is.
more diffuse, colouration therefore more monotonous. Ak-shehir.

E. unbratilis Drt. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 181).

E. alfierii Bours. (26 k). Forewings whitish, bestrewn with impure brown and with wide blackish alfierii.
marginal band. The indistinct anterior transverse line arises from a black costal dot. The small orbicular
stigma is barely visible, the brownish reniform is distinct and between the two there is a faint central shade.

The posterior transverse line is distinct, dark, beyond it first a narrow pale band, then a very wide similarly
shaped blackish marginal area without any markings. Fringes blackish brown. Hindwings impure white,
widely shaded with blackish brown at outer margin. Wing expanse: 30 mm. Sinai, from around Arad in Nov¬
ember. Only 1 $ is known.

75a. Genus: Pseudathetis Bours.

To be classified after Dysmilichia. Characteristic is the decidedly arched frons that has below a chit-
inous projecting ridged edge. Genitalia with bent valves, as in some of the Hadeninae. Only 1 species:

P. fixseni Christ. (Vol. 3, p. 214, pi. 48 cl; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 181).

75b. Genus: Stygiodriua Bours.

Frons very thin and transparent: palpi fairly long and with fine terminal segment; Thorax covered
with stout scales, forming a small tuft anteriorly and a bolder tuft on metathorax. The copulating organs
show long narrow valves with a weak corona, remarkably shaped harpes with 4 differently shaped spines and
penis with slight armature. Only 1 species:

S. maurella Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 g).

76. Genus: Proxeim sH.-Schciff.

According to the elucidations of Boitrsin, upon which we cannot enter in detail here, the name for
this Genus should be: Athetis Hbn., which was established in 1822 with the type furvula Hbn., whilst Proxenus
was only created in 1845. To be assembled here are:

A. delecta Moore (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 g).

A. divisa Moore (Vol. 3, p. 208, pi. 42 g).

A. obt.usa Hmps. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 e).

A. sincera Swinh. (Vol. 3, p. 212, pi. 45 e).

A. kitti Rbl. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 181).

A. furvula Hbn. (=1 dasychira Hbn., lenta Tr.) (Vol. 3, p. 208; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 175).

A. funesta Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f).

A. gluteosa Tr. (Vol. 3, p. 213, pi. 45 f, g).

A. corticea Hmps.

A. lapidea Wilem. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 175).

A. correpta Pglr. (Vol. 3, p. 205, pi. 42 f; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 174).

A. lepigone Mschlr. (Vol. 3, p. 216, pi. 45 i).

96b. Genus: Atyplaa Hbn.

Frons only slightly chitinised. Terminal segment of palpi thin and sleek, thorax covered with hairy
scales, with bold tuft on metathorax. Genitalia very different from Elaphria (Athetis). Only 1 species:

A. pulmonaris Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 209, pi. 42 k).

83. Genus: Propsalta Wkr.

P. enigmatica Trti. is provisionally placed here by its author. Forewings wide with pointed apex and enigmatica.
faintly curved margin. They are brown with rosy tone, anterior transverse line not very distinct, similarly

278

CATAMECIA — ANEURETA. By Dr. M. Draudt.

buxtoni.

wiltshirei.

brunnea.

peralbida.

patanei.

a median line from costa to inner margin. The postmedian is more apparent, it is formed of brown striations
in the interstices between the veins and forms a loop below the cell. In between the central area is somewhat
darker. Instead of orbicular and reniform stigmata there is a large and irregular black patch, that touches
the costa with its point and on underside extends to inner margin in nice black archs. A small black spot in
basal area. Subapically there is a short dark shade, that extends downwards to centre of wing as a subterminal.
Hindwings dark brown. Fringes inclined to rose. Wing expanse: 24 mm. Cyrenaica (Barce), end of September.

88. Genus: Catamecia Stgr.

C. buxtoni Rothsch. is said to be closely related to deceptrix Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 222, pi. 47 c; Suppl. Vol. 3,
p. 184) but can immediately be differentiated by the less arched postmedian, which is also much less boldly
dentate. The black basal streak is much more heavily marked and bent. Reniform stigma larger. Towards
the base from the two stigmata, there is a large black spot. Subterminal band is very clearly marked and
angidated at vein 4. Hindwings less purely white than in deceptrix and with irregular grey shades. Wing ex¬
panse: 42 mm. Ali-ash-Shargi; Kumait, in November. Boursin considers that possibly the species should
be placed with Clytie scotorrhiza.

111. Genus: Archauara Wkr.

A. wiltshirei Byt.-S. Wing contour wider than in geminipuncta Haw. (Vol. 3, p. 236, pi. 49 g; Suppl.
Vol. 3, p. 193). Ground colour pale reddish brown, somewhat darker in 3, the white discal dot extinct, on the
other hand the 2 dark cell spots very large, the one at end of cell is quadrate. Veins, especially at outer margin,
are dusted with black. Hindwings paler than forewings. Genitalia differ from geminipuncta. Wing expanse:
34 mm. Syria (Arnik). — brunnea Byt.-S. is much darker brown, about like the form nigricans Stgr. of gemini¬
puncta, the white cell end spot is quite absent, the outer third is dusted with black. The grey hindwings are
darker than fore wings. Generally the species seems to be variable.

113. Genus: Aonagria Tr.

As already mentioned on p. 271: distracta Ev. ( = cinerea Alph., megastigma Pglr., mollicella Pglr.)
(Vol. 3, p. 216) should be classified here.

Subfamily : Melicleptriinae.

Lucas.

8. Genus: Timora Wkr.

T. albida Hmps. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 197). The author of Lecerfia chitinipyga was Dumont and not

Subfamily: Erastrianae.

10. Genus: I*orphyrin!a Hbn.

P. albida Dup. (Vol. 3, p. 268, pi. 51 g, h; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 204). — peralbida Trti. On the milky white
forewings only the yellowish preapical oblique streak is visible, that is continued very faintly as a subterminal
to the inner margin. Hindwings very faintly dusky at margin. Cyrenaica (Lamluda).

19. Genus: Xantholeuca Fmps. (1910).

The generic name must be changed into: Chionoxantha Hmps., on account of the prior Xantholeuca
Steph. (type croceago F .) (1831).

28a. Genus: Coeloturatia Strd.

C. patanei Trti. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 207 and 264). Turati is able to give particulars of the biology of
this remarkable species. The adult larva is dull black dorsally and ivory white ventrally. Head is glossy black,
mandibles brown. Thoracical and terminal segments have sulphur-yellow dorsal stripes that are outlined with
orange. An orange-yellow lateral line is dotted with black and is edged on top by yellow crescents and below
by a yellow line. The black warts have white bristles. It feeds on Urginea (Scilla) maritima and changes to
a brown pupa.

Subfamily: Acontianae.

14a. Genus: Aneureta Trti.

Antennae in both sexes filiform, in $ finely ciliate; frons with smooth chitinous projection; palpi with
thick terminal segment that is slightly bent outwards. Proboscis developed. Forewings with slightly curved
margin, that is faintly bent inwards above the anal angle. Vein 6 arises from centre of cell, if this should not

PHYTOMETRA— ZANCLOSTATHME. By Dr. M. Dbaudt.

279

be the discal fold; veins 3, 4 and 5 together from the lower angle of cell, 7 arises from upper angle of cell, 8 from
the tip of the appendicular cell from which also 9 and 10 arise stalked. On hindwings 3, 4 and 5 arise from
the lower angle of cell, G and 7 from the upper angle. The neuration therefore more or less agrees with that
of the Genus: Weslermannia Hbn., which is widely distributed over the indo-australian and african territories.

There is the possibility that the description of the neuration is not quite precise and that Aneureta is quite
identical. Besides this Westermannia superba Him. certainly also occurs on palaearctic territory, as a large
number have been captured at West Tien-mu-shan and are in the collection of Hoene.

A. eureka Trti. Forewings dark yellow, about as in Aethia emortualis Schiff., with 2 somewhat paler eureka.
undulate transverse lines, that enclose an approximately trapeziform central area. This is wide at costa and
very narrow at inner margin and in it is contained a small brownish discal dot. Hindwings brownish yellow,
devoid of markings and with fringes of the same shade. Abdomen whitish with a brown tuft on first segment.

— transversalis Trti. has central area filled with deep chestnut brown with a similar costal patch subapically. tmnsver-
Wing expanse: 33 — 39 mm. Cyrenaica (Wadi Ruf), captured in March. sal1

Subfamily: Phytometrinae.

4. Genus: I*liytometra Haw.

P. generosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 354; Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 222). — malatyana Byt.-S. is paler and inclined to malaiyana.
be suffused with rosy reddish with 2 metallic green bands, one basal and the other wider one subterminally.

The latter merges with the postmedian at inner margin. Hindwings also paler than in type. From Malatia.

Subfamily: Noctuinae.

66. Genus: Metopoiirhis Stgr.

M. rungsi D. Luc. (23 k). Forewings ochreous reddish in basal area, black in median area with the rungsi.
exception of the grey and ochreous yelloAv reniform stigma. Posteriorly the colour is ochreous reddish and in
marginal area grey-blackish in which a very delicate yellowish dentate line is situate. The white fringes are
intersected with grey. Hindwings ochreous with wide grey marginal band. Wing expanse: 25 mm. Morocco
(Foum-el-Hassan), in March.

71. Genus: I*arascotla Hbn.

P. detersa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 399, pi. 74 b). The illustration on plate 74 b was unrecognisable. A fresh detersa.
illustration is now given (24 f).

P. robiginosa Stgr. (Vol. 3, p. 399, pi. 74 c). Here also the picture on plate 74 c was poor and a better robiginosa.
illustration is given (24 f).

P. nisseni Trti. (Vol. 3, p. 399, pi. 71 c) is also illustrated afresh (24 f), as the species could not be re- nisseni.
cognised from the picture on pi. 71c.

74. Genus: ItapariBa Moore.

R. luteoflaveola Trti . This new species is compared to conicephala Stgr. Forewings monotonous yellow, luteoflaveola.
devoid of markings and with pale brown fringes. Hindwings yellowish, somewhat paler towards base. Wing
expanse: 22 mm. Cyrenaica (Lamluda), in June.

78. Genus: Paragons Stgr.

P. niultisignata Chr. (Vol. 3, p. 402, pi. 71 d). The illustration on pi. 71 d is unrecognisable and a better multisignata.
picture is given here (24 f).

92. Genus: Iik'tog’oiiin Hmps.

E. albomaculalis Brem. (Vol. 3, p. 412). A better illustration is now given (24 f) as the one given on albomacala-
plate 74 b was unsatisfactory. lis'

99a. Genus: Zaiiclostatliiiic gen. n.

To be classified between Zanclognatlm and Herminia; very closely related to the neotropic Genus:

Ocalaria Schs. Proboscis developed, frons smooth; palpi sickle-shaped, curved upwards, the 2nd segment
4 times as long as the head, the terminal segment sleek, the tip pointed, half as long as 2nd segment and laterally
flattened with densely, closely appressed scales. antennae with prolix double pectinations of considerable
length, having also rows of delicately fine long cilia. In $ antennae are simple. On forewings veins 3, 4 and 5
arise separately at equal distances, 6 arises just below the upper angle of cell. 7 from the end of the narrow
appendicular cell, similarly 8 and 9 on a common long stalk, 10 from the upper outer third. On hindwings
3 and 4 arise from lower angle of cell, 5 below the centre, 6 and 7 from upper angle. Only one species:

280

EUTERPIA. By Dr. M. Dbattdt.

elbursalis.

Z. elbursalis sp. n. A very delicate, thinly scaled species of pale brownish grey colouration. The mark¬
ings consist of 3 faintly darker, blurred transverse lines, the anterior one of which is curved, the posterior one
is obtusely angulated on vein 4. Both form rectangles with inner margin. The subterminal is only faintly
indicated, being concave outwardly between vein 5 and the anal angle. In the $ the fasciae are the more dis¬
tinct, in the they are scarcely discernible. Hindwings very slightly paler having faintly darker angulated
anal marking with paler outer edge. Wing expanse: 28 — 29 mm. A pair was captured by Mr. E. Pfeiffeb
in mid July on the Elburz mountains at Demavend, Tar valley at an altitude of 2200 — 2500 m. Types in the
collection of Dbattdt.

123. Genus: XUiterpia Guen.

E. loudeti Bsd. (Suppl. Vol. 3, p. 263). It was forgotten to insert the generic title for this species.

loudeti.

Publ. 15. IV. 1938.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

281

Apliafoetical List

of the forms of the Palaearctic Noctuae with reference to the original descriptions

* signifies that the form is figured at the place quoted.

abikonis Pol. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 9. *
abnoba Crym. Gutli Int. Ent. Z. 26 (1939), p. 365. *
abruzzensis Bry. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 107.
abruzzensis Ath. Drt. Entomol. Rundsch. 50 (1933), p. 186. *
abruzzensis Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 105. *
abruzzensis Rhy. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 64.
abruzzorum Parast. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 259.
absentimacula Enm. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 67.
acceptricula Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 55. *
acerbata Acron. Schaw. Z. ost. Ent. Yer. 16 (1931), p. 31.
achtalensis Rhy. Kozhant. Bull. Mus. Cteorg. Tiflis, 1929, p. 92.
achyricola Eux. Cii. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 32. *
aconiti Pyrrh. Holtz. Allgem. Ztschr. Entom. 7, p. 212.
actinea Eux. Kozhant. Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. U. R. S. S. 30,
p 175. *

acuminata Anom. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 131. *

acuminata Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 48.

acutula Con. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 302.

adamantina Omph. Blach. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1905, p. 214.

adducta Anom. Herz Iris 11 (1898), p. 255.

adolfi Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 50. *

adornata Rhy. Cti. Seitz, M crolep. Suppl. 3, p. 82. *

adriana Harm. Schaw. Iris 35 (1912), p. 119.

adriatica Pall. Std. Boll. Soc. Adriat. 25, p. 150.

adscripta Pseud. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 44. *

adusta Omph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 86, 1924. *

adustaeoides Pol. Draes. Iris 1928, p. 302.

aegyptiaca Cerap. Joan. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt. 1909, p. 162.

aequalis Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 18. *

aequa Rhy. Hbn. Schmett., 1827. *

aequalis Pall. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60 (p. 83).
aerata 01. Esp. Schmett. Abbild. Natur. 4, p. 468. *
aerumna Bry. Cul. Noct. and Geometr. 1, p. 131. *
aeschista Sten. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 430.
aestiva Phyt. Krul. Societ. Entomol. 23 (1908), p. 11.
aestivalis Zancl. Costn. Atti Soc. Nat. Modena (5) 3, p. 16.
aethiops Ol. Haw. Lep. Brit., p. 215. *
aethiops Ol. Heyd. Ent. Ztschr. 46, p. 58. *
aethiops Ol. Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. II, p. 269. *
aethiops Raph. O. B.-H. Iris 26, p. 152. *
affineola Cal. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81 A. 11. p. 164.
affinis Arch. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 14.
affinis Cham. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 200. *
affinis Cleopli. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27. p. 68. *
afghana Arm. Hmps. Descr. new. Gen. & Spec., 1926. p. 76,
afiouensis Sid. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27. p. 45. *
africana Aren. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 26. *
africana Pol Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16. p. 138. *
agenjoi Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Pr. 1936, p. 89.
agenjoi Merol. Fdz. Eos 7 (1931), p. 211. *
agnellus Ammet. Zy. Mem. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 42 (1935),
~p. 58.

agrotina Agr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 1920, p. 24.

ahmed Eux. le C., Bull. Mus. Paris (2) 4 (1932), p. 512.

aimonis Eux. Trti. Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. nat. 72 (1933), p. 199.

aino Pol. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 9. *

ainu Mom. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 242. *

aithalodes Antit. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 111.

akschehirensis Eux. Cti. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 139.

aksuana Aleuc. Pglr. Iris 19, p. 224. *

aksuana Cue. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 122.

aksuensis Loph. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 157.

Supplementary Volume 3

alacra Parast. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 259.
alata Ris. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82 A. 1, p. 88.
alba Acron. Gillm. Insektenborse 23 (1906), p. 118.
alba Actin. Rbb. Iris 23 (Beih.), p. 263.
alba Am. Porritt Ent. Mo. Mag. 59 (1923), p. 59.
alba Col. Der. Lambillionea 26 (1926), p. 42.
alba Derth. Fdz. Bol. Soc. Ent. Esp. Zarag. 1, p. 162.
albarracina Metop. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 25 (1918), p. 127.
aibata Pangr. Kard. Entomol. Mitteil. Dalilem 17, p. 421. *
albersi Ath. Warn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p 21. *
albescens Eustr. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 207. *
albescens Mer. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 304. *
albescens Rhy. Sohn-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 6. *
albibasis Rhynch. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 148.
albicans Cleoph. Stgr. in Stgr.-Rbl. Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun. 1901
(I), P- 214.

albicans Porph. Gn. Spec. Gen. Lep. II, p. 251.
albieeps Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 17. *
albicilia Sim. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 158.
albicincta Harm. Metschl Int. Ent. Ztschr. 19 (1925), p. 26.
albicingulata Parast. Warn. Verb. Ver. nat. Heimatforsch. 23
1932, p. 6.

albiclausa Eupl. Wcirr. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 228.
albicolaris Agr. Kozli. Rev. Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 11.
albicosta Ap. Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1, p. 61.
albicosta Hyph. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 388. *
albida Agr. Car. Ac. Rom. Mem. Sect. Stiint. Ill, 7 (1931), p. 22.
albida Metop. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 427.
albida Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 13, p. 30. *

albida Parast. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 71.

albida Porph. Dup. Hist. Nat. Lep. 4 (I), p. 382.

albida Rhy. Rbb. Iris 26 (1912), p. 234.

albida Rhynch. Zolln. Iris 34 (1920), p. 71. *

albida Tim. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) (1905), p. 450.

albidior Acroh. W gn. Ztschr. Osterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 21. *

albidior Agr. Pet. in Culot, Noct. I (1909), p. 91.

albidior Apor. A. B.-H. Iris 19 (1906), p. 134.

albidior Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 148.

albidior Porph. Cul. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 16, p. 191.

albidula Hyl. Strd. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 90.

albifusa Cero Joann. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt. 1909, p. 165.

albilinea Hyph. Whli. Mitt. Thurgau. Nat. Ges. 20.

albilinea Min. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1919), p. 158. *

aibiluna Ol. Kozli. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 6 (1929), p. 76.

albimacula Dryob. Cul. Noct. 1, p. 194. *

albimacula Laph. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 113.

albina Lasp. Whli. Mitt. Thurg. Nat. Ges. NX, p. 38.

albineura Cer. Bsd. Icon. Lep. Hist. 74, 4.

albiptera Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 60, p. 225. *

albipuncta Sid. O. B.-H. Hor. Macrolep. I, p. 87. *

albistigma Acron. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 8, p. 93. *

albistigma Con. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 197.

albivena Sid. Grasl. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, p. 409. *

albivenis Hyp. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 29.

albivirgata Calpe Hmps. New Gen. & Spec. Noct., p. 58.

albofasciata Aleuc. John Rev. Russe Ent. 17 (1917), p. 47.

albofasciata Antit. Kief. Entomol. Rundschau29 (1912), p. 70. *

albolineata Mon. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 12. *

albolividalis Riv. Schille Polsk Pismo 5 (1926), p. 76.

albomacula Anoph. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 317.

albomaculata Ap. Heyd. Ent. Ztschr. 44 (1932), p. (94).

albomaculata Bry. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 333.

36

282

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

albonigra Cran. Herz Ann. Mus. Zool. P4tersb. 9, p. 269. *
albopicta Megan. Mats. Journ Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 137. *
alboscapulata Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 54. *
albosignata Bry. Trti. Atti Ital. 62, p. 56. *
albosuffusana 01. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 11, p. 154.
albovenosa Agr. Tschtv. Jalirb. Martjanov. Mus. Minussinsk
1925, p. 53.

albovenosana Bar. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 13, p. 27. *
albula Agr. Fdz. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. nat. 33 (1933), p. 365. *
alepica Phyt. Nitsche Yerh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 61, p. 50.
alexandra Rhy. (B. H. i. 1.) Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3,
p. 67. *

alexandriensis Agr. B.-Balc. Trans. Bnt. Soc. Lond. 1894,
p. 37. *

alexis Rhy. Kozhant. Rev. Russe d’Ent. XXII (1928), p. 94.
alfacaria Ath. Bbb. Iris 23 (Belli. ), p. 272.
alfacaria Tox. Rbb. Iris 1912 (Beik.), p. 297.
alfierii Ath. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 429.
algeriensis Ath. Stertz, Iris 29 (1915), p. 138. *
algiriae Cero. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 1, p. 55. *
algirica Ath. Cut. Noct. 2 (1914), p. 76. *
algirica Cos. A. B.-H. Iris (1912), p. 157.
algiricia Ena. Cut. L£p. Comp. 16, p. 123. *
algirica Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 78. *
algirica Sid. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16 (1918), p. 19.
algirica Stilb. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 275.
algirica Tripk. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 102. *
algiroides Oph. Sclitz. Societ. Entomol. 22 (1908), p. 185.
alinea Parast. Trnr. Ent. Rec. 42, p. (212).
almoliada Rhy. Wgn. Ztschr. ost. Ent. Ver. 3 (1918), p. 43.
almoravida Caloph. Grasl. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 319. *
alphonsina Eux. Fdz. Bol. Soc. Ent. Espan. 1918, p. 157.
alpigena Agr. Trti. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 16 (1883), p. 75.
alpina Brach. Seif. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 147.
alpina Das. Rghf. Yerh. Zool. -Bot. Ges. Wien 1866, p. 999.
alpina Porph. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 42 1935,
p. 65,

alpium Parast. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 152,
alsinides Ath. Costn. Beitr. Syst. Ins.-K. 2, p. 98.
altaretensis Phyt. Test. Bull. Soc. Linn. Lyon (N. S.) 1 (1932),
p. 91.

alternalis Zancl. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 398.
alternata Am. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 195,
altijuga Crino Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 3 (1), p. 79.
amaliae Agr. Fdz. Eos 7 (1931), p. 212. *
ainaliae Pall. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11 (1926), p. 112.
amanica Lept. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 85.
amartia Agr. Schaw. Verh. Zool. -Bot. Ges. 61 (1911), p. 82.
amasia Catoc. Esp. Schmett. Abbild. Nat. 4, Taf. 194. *
ainasina Agr. Wgn. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 70.
amasina Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 19. *
amasina Derth. Hmps. Cat. IV p. Phal, 6, p. 232.
amatlmsia Anom. (O. B.-H. i. 1. !) = sajana Tshetv. ! Horae
Macrolep. I, p. 84.

amathiisia Thalp. limb. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1871, p. 319.
amatoria Anom. Cti. A Drt. Seitz, GroBschmett. Suppl. 3,

p. 86. *

amaura Con. Schaw. Verh. Zool. -Bot. Ges. 60 (1911), p. (84).
amaura Ephes. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47, p. 25, 1933.
ambrosiana Eux. Brs. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. II, Fasc. 3/4
(1927), p. 136,

amianta Aut. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 4 (1919), p. 67.
amoena Eux. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 267.
amoena 01. Krul. Soc. Ent. 23 (1908), p. 11.
amoenissima Bry. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21 (1909), p. 86. *
amoenissima Cue. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 169. *
amota Cue. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1887, p. 171.
amota Hyph. Strd. Schr. Ges. Danzig, N. F. 10 (1910), p. 285.
amplexa Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 25. *
amseli Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 225.
amseli Aut. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 226. *
amurensis Agr. Stgr. Rom. M4m. Ldp. 6, p. 421.
amurensis Brach. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 134. *
amurensis Plus. Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11 (1918), p. 220.
amydra Trick. Pglr. Iris 14 (1901), p. 182. *
anaedina Acron. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 19.
anaedinella Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 158.
anaemica Bry. Hmps. New gen. & spec. Noct. (1926), p. 196.
anaemica Eux. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 460.
anastasia Agr. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 462. *
anatoliea Coloph. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 491. *
anatolica Eux. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 59. *
anatoliea Omph. Led. Noct. (1857), p. 227.
anatolica Bry. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 469.

anatolica Xyl. Her. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1933), p. 412.
anceps Dasyst. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 277. *
andalusica Acron. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 416.
andalusica Auchm. Rbb. Iris 23 (Beik.), p. 262.
andalusica Harm. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1859, p. 214.
andalusica Rhy. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 426.
andreasi Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 62. *
andreji Dipt. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17 (1928), p. 419. *
angularis Bomb. Chret. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 504.
angularis Eus. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 5, p. 5.
angulata Pyrrh. Grt. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 93.
angulosa Gon. Ev. Nouv. Mem. Moscon 2, p. 353. *

I angustifasciata Aleuc. Amsel Veroffentl. Dtschr. Kolonial-Mss.
Brem. Bd. 1 (1935), p. 238.
angustipennis Mon. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 12. *
ankarensis Acron. Her. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1933), p. 412.
ankarensis Agr. Rbl. Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien, 1930, p. 7.
annulata Syngr. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 47.
anomala Ap. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1893 (Sep. p. 60).
anomalalis Pech. Klem. Spraw. Kom. Fiz. Krak. 46 (1912),
p. 117.

antemarginalis Con. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 260,
antemedialis Eus. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 5, p. 5.
antemedioalba Bry. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 156.
antenigTa Catoc. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 427.
antennalis Xest. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 145.
anthemidis Cue. Gn. Spec. gen. Lep. 2, p. 140.
antliracita Eri. Wgn. Iris 37 (1923), p. 82.
anthracitica Agr. Alph. Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 38 (1908), p. 590.
antias Bry. Cut. Noct. & Geometr. 1, p. 134. *
antithesis Olig. Schtz. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28, (1934). p. 419.
aoyamensis Mon. Flats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 13. *
apatetica Ath. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 48. *
apfelbecki Xest. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 1901, p. 798.
aphe Eux. Mob. Bull. Soc. Pliilom. (7) 9, p. 61.
apennina Acron. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 13.
apennina Rhy. Sohn-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 7.
apenninigena Parast. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929),
p. 109.

apicalis Amph. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 11, p. 150.
apocrypha Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 37. *
appennina Cos. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 260,
appro ximans Ath. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 334.
approximata Raph. Alph. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1887. p. 167.
aquila Parast. Donz. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1837. *
arabica Era. Hfn. Berl. Magaz. 3, p. 412.
arabs Parast. Oberth. Etud. VI, p. 88. *
arabum Sarag. Cut. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 128.
aragonensis Agr. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 417.
arcana Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 16 (1931), Nr. 3.
arschanica Rhy. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 68. *
arctana Dex. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 154.
arctica Syngr. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 22. *
arctomys Cham. Alph. Rom. Mem. L6p. 9, p. 43. *
arcuata Ath. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 12, p. 462.
ardescens Con. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 364.
ardua Las. Fil. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 3 (1), p. 76.
arduenna Acron. Gillm. Ent. Ztschr. 18 (1904), p. 24. *
arefacta Eux. Rbl. Ann. Nat. Hofmus. 21 (1906), p. 27.
arefacta Therm. Swh. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 521.
arenacea Eux. Kozhant. Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. URSS. 1929,
p. 157. *

arenoflavida Rhy. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 425.
arenosa Agr. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1859, p. 213.
arenosa Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 78.
arenosana Clyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 45.
argentea Ath. Car. Bull. Sect. Sci. Ac. Roum. XIII (1930),

p. 16.

argentea Auchm. Car. Bull. Sect. Sci. Ac. Roum. XV (1932),
p. 5.

argentea Aut. Car. Bull. Sect. Sci. Ac. Roum. XIII (1930), p. 16.
argentea Leuc. Tutt. Entomologist 22, p. 136.
argentea Phyt. Hoffm. Schmett. Steierm. 3, p. 206.
argentea Rhy. Kozhant. Iris 43, p. 185.
argentea Sim. Splr. Schmett. Eur. I, p. 141.
argentina Rhy. Car. Bull. Sect. Sci. Ac. Roum. XIII (1930),
p. 15.

argillacea Bry. Cut. Noct. & Geometr. 1, p. 133. *
argillacea Catoc. Vine. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 316.
argillago Hydr. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 472.
argillosa Eux. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 38 (1933), p. 215.
arguta Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 71. *
argyritis Hyph. limb. Cat. syst. Andal. *
arida Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20, p. 127.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

283

arida Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 76. *
aritzensis Antit. Trti. Entom. Record 25 (1913), p. 16.
armandi Catoc. Pouj. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6) 8, p. CCVIII.
armena Antit. Ev. Bull. Moscon 1856 II, p. 222.
armena Epis. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Eur. Faun. (II) 1871, p. 76.
armeniaca Agr, Kozh. Rev. Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 7.
armeniaca Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 94.
armoricana Pall Cul. Noct. 1, p. 141. *
arnoi Cal. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1924, p. 100.
arnoldi Rhy. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. nat. 72 (1933), p. 200.
arterialis Trich. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 470. *
asiatica Ap. Burr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 747.
asiatica Erern. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 492.
asiatica Harm. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 31 (1931), p. 478.
asiatica Harm. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1931), p. 478.
asiatica Omph. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 52.
asignalis Mesotr. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69,
_p. 140.

asignata Acron. Hke. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60, p. 413.
asignata Acron. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 137.
askoldis Trach. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 5, p. 72. *,
aspasia Morm. Stgr. Iris 9 (1896), p. 400.
asphodelioides Antit. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21 (1909). *
assimilata Agr. Kozh. Rev. Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 7.
assimilis Cort. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, Taf. 63 b. *
assymetrica Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 88.
assymetrica Eux. Kozhant. Bull. Mus. Georg. Tiflis 5 (1929),
p. 90.

astfalleri Antit. Schaw. Ztschr. ost. Ent. Ver. 10 (1925), Nr. 5.
astfalleri Eux. Cti. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 12 (1925), p. 86.
astigmata Ath. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 336.
astixis Rhy. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 123.
astur Rhy. Cul. Noct. I (1909), p. 28.
astuta Rhy. Cti. Iris 42 (1928), p. 325. *
aterrima Apor. Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 20, p. 293. *
aterrima Crino Costn. Atti Soc. Nat. Mod. (5) 3, p. 15.
aterrima Symp. Meyer Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 15, p. 7.
athesiensis Hyp. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 176.
atlanta Agr. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 38 (1933), p. 213.
atlantica Crym. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 19 (1934). p. 46.
atlantica Eubl. Schaw. & Stdtt. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28, p. 286.
atlantica Scot. Brs. Livr. Jubil. Bouvier, 1936, p. 151. *
atlanticum Crino Baker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 207.
atlantis Agr. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc. 42 (1935),
p. 51.

atlantis Ath. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 19, 1934, p. 36.
atlantis Bry. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc 42 (1936),
p. 55.

atlantis Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 105. *
atlas Pol. E. Prt. Bull. Hill Mus. 2, Nr. 1 (1928), p. 33.
atra Agr. Cti. <& Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 47. *
atra Am. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 151.
atra Catoc. Splr. Schmett. Europ. 1, p. 367.
atra Morm. Splr. Schmett. 1, p. 367.
atra Phyt. Rood Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 63 (1931), p. 95.
atrata Sim. Belling, Deutsche Ent. Ztschr. 1922, p. 190.
atrata Agr. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 15 (1930), p. 29.
atricupreoides Props. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 306.
atridiscata Agr. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 25 (1918), p. 111.
atrimixta Bry. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 138.
atrivestis Caloph. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 198.
atrocaerulea Cue. Tshetv. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 3 (1), p. 58.
atrocyanea Parast. Krul. Rev. Russe IX (1909), p. 307.
atrosignata Anum. Wkr. Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 1, p. 1770.
auguroides Rhy. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21 (1914), p. 320.
anrantiaca Gon. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13, p. 105.
aurantiaca Hydr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 5, Nr. 51, p. 312.
aurantiacus Proth. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 109.
aurantior Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 157.
aurariae Clav. Oberth. Et. Lep. V, p. 76. *
aureola An. Stich. Berl. Entomol. Ztschr. 53 (1908), p. 107.
aureomaculata Syngr. Vorbr. Schmett. Schweiz 1, p. 426.
aureomixta Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1934, p. 61. *
aureoviridis Syngr. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 26.
aureus Cluys. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 9. *
auricula Ap. Don. Nat. Hist, Brit. Ins. 12, p. 5. *
a/urigera Ap. Heyd. Ent. Ztschr. 45 (1932), p. 304. *
aurolichena Bry. Cul. Noct. & Geometr. 1, p. 132. *
aurosignata Syngr. Don. Brit. Insect. 13, p. 453. *
austauti Cos. Oberth. Etud. 6 (1881), p. 87. *
austera Aleuc. John Rev. Russe Ent. 17 (1917), p. 44.
australis Synth. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 199. *
autumna Sim. Chret. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 497.
autumnalis Cero. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 65, p. 50. *

autumnalis Zancl. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1925), p. 397.
autumnalis Zancl. Trti. Entom. Record 25 (1913), p. 17.
avellana Rhy. Hke. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 60 (1910), p. 4 13.
avellanae Col. Huene Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1901, p. 309.
avicula Ath. Krul. Rev. Russ. Ent. 9 (1909), p. 112.
azelikoula Anum. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1920, p. 275.

babylonica Rhynch. Schltz. Ent. Ztschr. 35, p. 7.
badioiasciata Enarg. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 436.
baetica Agr. Bsd. Icon. hist. L6p. Nouv. 74. *
baigakumensis Aleuc. John Rev. Russ. Ent. 17, p. 45.
balestrei Catam. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 181.
banghaasi Anom. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3,

p. 86. *

banghaasi Cleoph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 143.
banghaasi Das. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21 (1909), p. 97. *
banghaasi Dryob. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 305.
bang-haasi Hypost. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1913, p. 3.
banghaasi Omia Std. Ent. Ztschr.44 (1930), p. 2.
barbara Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 70. *
barbaria Bry. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 415. *
barbarica Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 93.
barbierii Zancl. Costn. Beitr. Syst. Ins.-K. 2 (1922), p. 99.
barrettii Con. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 1 (1904), p, 63.
barthac Caloph. Wgn. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1829), p. 79.
barthae Cue. Brs. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 10. *
basimacuiata Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 54. *
basistriata Acron. Kuj. Verh. Ver. naturw. Heim.-Forsch. 22

(1931), p. 134.

basivoluta Mer. Wihan Societ. Entomol. 32 (1917), p. 4.

bathensis Crino Lutz. Ent. Ztschr. 14 (1901), Nr. 20.

bathi Cos. Doring, Ent. Ztschr. Gub. 28 (1934), p. 2. *

batnana Acron. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 10. *

bavarica Sid. Horh. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 24 (1934), p. 66.

baxteri Pall. South Entomologist 42 (1909), p. 289. *

beata Cue. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 62. *

beata Metop. Stgr. Iris 6 (1891), S. 274. *

beatissima Eux. Rbl. Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 31 (1917), p. 33.

beicki Ephes. Mell. Iris 50 (1936), p. 83.

belgica Acron. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 10. *

belgiensis Sid. Derenne, Lambill. 31 (1931), p. 134.

bella Rhy. Stephan Iris 39 (1925), p. 17.

bella Trach. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 183.

belloides Morm. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 64.

benacensis Bry. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 247.

bcnacensis Ephes. Rocci Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 63 (1931), p. 93.

benigna Agr. Cti. Iris 40 (1926), p. 190. *

beraudi Aut. Joan. Bull. Soc. Ent.. Fr. 1909, p. 168.

bercei Acron. Sand, Faune Fr. Ill (1870), p. 19.

bergi Onych. Kusn. Wiss. Ergeb. Aralsee-Exp. Pet. 1908, p. 110.

bermeja Ath. Rbb. Iris 23 (Beih.), p. 272.

betulae Col. Lenz Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 8, p. 45.

bicolor Hyp. Wilem. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 199.

bicolor Prox. Chret. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913, p. 304.

bieneri Hel. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1926 (p. 65). *

bifasciata Cal. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 254.

bilineata Ath. Cul. Noct. 2, p. 50. *

bilineata Bry. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 333.

bilobata Speir. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 68.

bilunulata Caloph. Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 369. *

bimacula Acron. Maass. Stett. Entomol. Ztg. 1871, p. 27.

bimaculata Cal. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1893 (Sep. p. 55).

bimaculata Min. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 95.

binota Parast. Turn. Ent. Rec. 44 (1932), p. 228 (Sep.).

bipartita Phyt. Orstad. Entom. Tidskr. 50 (1929), p. 251.

bipunctata An. Wehrli Mitt. Thurg. Nat. Ges. 20, p. 33.

bipunctata Tar. Wkr. L:st. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 12, p. 798.

biroi Caloph. Aign. Rovart. Lapok 13, p. 69.

biradiata Cue. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 3 (1), p. 78.

biscajana Eux. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 41. *

biskrae Parast. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 16 (1918), p. 157.

biskrana Cue. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 167. *

biskrensis Cero. Cul. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 241.

biskrensis Tar. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1887, p. 58.

bisignata Agr. Kozh. Rev. Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 17.

bistrigata Derth. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 57.

bitincta Min. Dhl Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 371.

biumbralis Zancl. Trti. & Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 43, p. 189.

bivitta Porph. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 194.

blachieri Copiph. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913, p. 247.

blanca Leuc. Rbb. Iris 23 (Beih.), p. 258.

blandula Lith. Stgr. Rom. Mem. L^p. 6, p. 398. *

bleonneusis Crym. Schtz. Iris 19 (1907), p. 38. *

blidaensis Am. Stertz Iris 29 (1915), p. 130.

284

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

bodenheimeri Ath. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, 176. *
bokatsehi Agr. Rbl. Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 1914, p. 208.
bongiovannii Stilb. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 5, N. 63, p. 98. *
borealis Aplect. Nordstr. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 317. *
borealis Syngr. Reut. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 9, p. 57.
boreli Hydr. Pier. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 6 (1837), p. 449. *
boursini Ath. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 21 (1936), p. 74.
boursini Bry. Cleu Encycl. Entom. B. 3, Lep. p. 145.
boursini Eux. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 16 (1931), Nr. 3.
boursini Merol. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 459. *
bousseaui Antit. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 38 (1914), p. 311.
bracteana Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 50.
brassicina Scot. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 98. *
brayi Amph. Lambill. Revue Namur 1907, Nr. 7, p. 29.
bredemanni Cal. Warn. Ent. Anz. 13 (1933), p. 95.
bremeri Sid. Ersch. Trudi Russ. Ent. Obs. 4, p. 152.
brigensis Con. Bsd. Gen. Index p. 148.
britannica Pach. Trnr. Ent. Rec. 45 (1933), p. 284 (sep.).
brunnea Acron. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 8, p. 86.
brunnea Agr. Wcirr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 24. *
brunnea Ap. Heyd. Ent. Ztschr. 44 (1932), p. (14).
brunnea Apor. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 14, p. 106.
brunnea Arch. Byt.-S. Ent. Record 1937, Sep. p. (5).
brunnea Bry. Porr. Ent. Month Mag. 59, p. 87.
brunnea Ena. Cut. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 16, p. 123. *
brunnea Mer. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 304. *
brunnea Perig. Schwing. Yerh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68 (p. 150).
brunnea Rhynch. Zolln. Iris 34 (1920), p. 71. *
brunnea Riv. Lamb. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1858, p. 57.
brunneago Xest. Stgr. Iris 8 (1895), p. 326.
brunneomaculata Pol. Heinr. Deutsche Ent. Ztschr. 1916,
p. 514.

brunneomixta Agri. Cut. Noctuae 1, p. 192. *
brunneooclirascens Arch. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11,
p. 165.

brunneopicta Agr. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 72.
brunneopicta Anom. Mads. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 132. *
brunneor Eups. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 81, A. 12 (1915), p. 149.
brunneotineta Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 58. *
brunnescens Actin. Rbb. Iris 23 (Beih.), p. 263.
brunnescens Porph. Cul. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 191.
brunnescens Scot. Heyd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 330.
brunnickei Phyt. Klem. Spraw. Kom. fiz. Ak. Krak. 46, p. 68.
brunnior Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 158.
brylophiloides Catam. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 336.
bryophiloides Bry. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. (1914), 21.
bubaceki Cue. Kitt Z'schr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 10, p. 27.
bubaceki Metop. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73 (p. 25).
bugeaudi Eux. Oberth. L4p. Comp. V, 16 (1918), p. 94. *
baloghi Amph. Diosz. Rov. Lapok. 26 (1923), p. 22.
burgeffi Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 19. *
burrowsi Ap. Chapm. Entom. Record 24 (1912), p. 109.
biittneri Sed. Her. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 7 (1858), p. 442. *
buxtoni Catam. Rothsch. Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 28, 1,
(1921).

bytinskii Elyd. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 413. *

caerulea Rhy. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 141.
caeruleomaculata Catoc. Closs Int. Ent. Ztscht. 12, p. 35.
caeruleoviridis Ear. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 89.
caerulescens Antit. Hrtg. Entomol. Rundschau 41 (1924),
p 46.

caerulescens Catoc. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 12 (1928), p. 34.
caerulescens Cleoph. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc 42
(1936), p. 62.

caerulescens Con. Preiss. & Galv. Verh. Ges. Wien 70 (1920),
p. (85).

caerulescens Ephes. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 26.
caerulescens Parast. Reisser Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. XI (1926),

p. 13.

caerulescens Rhy. Tutt. Brit. Noct. (1892), p. 106.
caerulescens Rhy. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1930), p. 475. *
cailinita Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 105. *
calamistis Ses. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 9, p. 325. *
calceata Acron. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 104.
calcescens Harm. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 106.
calcigena Agr, Sohn-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 7. *
calcirena Parast. Pglr. Iris 15 (1901), p. 150. *
calida Antit. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21 (1909). *
caliginosa Acron. Schtz. Societ. Entomol. 22, p. 185.
caliginosa Mon. Trti. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 7 (1911), p. 209.
caliginosa Tox. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 16 (1931), p. 54.
caliginosa Triph. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68,
p. 279. *

calorica Agr. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. XX, 1 (1930), p. 12.
camptosema Phyt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 13, p. 523. *
camptostigmoides Cal. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 164.
camuna Hyp. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 5, N. 51, p. 547.
cana Caloph. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 19.

Canaria Orb. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 196.
canariensis Abrost. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 13, p. 590. *
canariensis Eum. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25 (1918), p. 128.
candicans Porph. Rmb. Cat. Syst. Lep. Andal. pi. 10. *
Candida Sid. Rocci Atti Soc. Ligur. 24 (1914), p. 153.
canescens Antit. Dup. L4p. France 6, p. 422. *
canroberti Eryth. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 182. *
canterius Caloph. Vill. Linn. Entom. *
capnodes Epis. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 152.

I capnoessa Eul. Zy. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 65, p. 222.

) capreae Derth. Hbn. Smlg. Eur. Schmett. Noct. *

| caprearum Porph. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 187. *
capsivora Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 321.
capsensis Eux. Chret. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910.
captiunculoides 01. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 11, p. 154.
cara Cal. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 188.
carboniosa Thol. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919 (sep. p. 102). *
carbonis Dryob. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1931), p. 368.
carbonis Eux. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 27. *
carinthiaca Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 50.
carlilei Rhy. Brandt Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 148. *
carneago Cos. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 155. *
carneata Orth. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 161.
carola Eux. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1925, p. 115.
caroli Agr. Cul. Noct. I (1909), p. 80.
carpathica Crino Kaucki Polsk. Pismo 1, p. 40.
carpopliaga Harm. Bkh. Nat. Eur. Schmett. 4, p. 422.
carriolata Amph. E Homme Amat. Pap. 4 (1929), p. 207.
casta Caloph. Bkh. Scriba, Beitr. 3, p. 212. *
castanea Draudt. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. nat. 73 (1934),
p. 167. *

castanea-flavo Ap. Burr. Entom. Record 20 (1910), p. 80.
castaneiceps Corg. Hmps. Faun. Ind. Moths 4, p. 519.
castiliana Harm. Reiss. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 60. *
castior Caloph. Std. Entomol. Anzeiger 3 (1923), p. 44.
castriota Harm. Rbl. & Zy. Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien 103
(1932), p. 92. *

catalaunensis Agr. Mill. Rev. Mag. Zool. 1873, p. 4.
catenata Am. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 188.
catervaria Eux Cti. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 14 (1929), p. 113.
caucasica Aut. Herz Ann. Mus. Ac. Sci. Pet. IX, p. 303, 1904.
caucasica Cue. Sohn-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 10.
causta Am. Trti. Ent. Rec. 25 (1913). p. 16.
celatrix Zancl. Fit. Ann. Mus. Zool. URSS.
cellularis Eus. Strd. Lepid. Catalog. 5, p. 5.
cemenelensis Cue. Brs. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1923, p. 315. *
centralasiae Perig. Bart. Ins.-Borse 1906, p. 63.
centralasiae Rhy. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7 (1913), p. 2.
ccntrali-chinae Amph. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 11,
p. 150.

centralis Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 19. *
centralitalica Calpe Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 12.
centripuncta Ars. H.-Schaff. Neue Schmett. *
cerealis Aut. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Eur. Faun. (II) 1871, p. 139.
Cervantes Rhy. Reiss. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 41. *
cestis Anum. Men. Feu. Lehm., p. 74.
chalybaea Rhy. Trti. Ent. Rec. 24 (1912), p. 306.
characteristica Agr. Alph. Mem. Rom. 6 (1892), p. 31.
cliimaera Nam. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 45. *
chimaera Scot. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27 (1920), p. 57. *
chinensis Leuc. Alph. Rom. Mem. L4p. 6, p. 45.
cliingana Acron. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 8. *
chleulia Caloph. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1829, p. 262.
clilorotica Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 94.
ckolerica Hypen. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68 (p. 28).
cholica Trich. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 5, p. 239. *
chretieni Agr. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1903, p. 83.
clii'Mieni Bomb. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 54.
christophi Eux. Stgr. Berl. Entomol. Ztschr. 1870, p. 110.
clirysocklora Eupl. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 7, p. 143. *
chrysograplia Antit. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1931), p. 368.
chrysographa Ap. Hbn. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
chrysostigma Omo. Pglr. Iris 29 (1916), p. 224.
cilissa Perig. Pglr. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 8 (1917), p. 19.
cinescens Pulch. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 172. *
cinerago Ap. F. Entom. Syst. Suppl. p. 445.
cinerascens Triph. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 133.
cinerea Am. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 16 (1918). p. 118. *
cinerea Sid. Hrch. D. Ent. Ztschr. 1923 Beih., p. 87.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

285

cinerea Syngr. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 346. *
cinigera Rhy. Fil. Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. URSS, 1927, p. 237.
cinnamomea Caly. Trti. Ann. Mus. Napoli N. 5. 3, p. 27.
cinnamomea Sid. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 51, p. 313.
cinnamomeago Cos. Spul. Sclimett. Bur. p. 253.
cinnamomina Scot. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20 (1913), p. 121.
cinnamomina Oed. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21 (1914), p. 336.
cinochrea Harm. Chret. Ann. Soc. Ent. Br. 1910, p. 500.
circumscripta Mon. Has. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 9 (1915), p. 36.
citrago Cos. L. Syst. Nat. X, p. 508.
clara Am. Schultz Societ. Entomol. 21, p. 3.
clara Arch. Trnr. Ent. Rec. 42 (1930), p. (155).
clara Ath. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13, p. 104.
clara Catoc. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23, p. 93, 1933.
claresccns Agr. Fdz. Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 15, p. 597, 1929.
clarescens Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 470. *
claricolor Naen. Schaw. Ztschr. Osterr. Ent. Ver. 13, p. 104.
claricostata Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 34.
clarior Aleuc. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 230. *
clarior Ath. Warn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 22.
clarissima Chlor. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 101. *
clauda Eux. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 87.
cleui Eux. Brs. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Fasc. 4, S. 198.
coalescens Phyt. Schtz. Ent. Ztschr. 19, p. 86.
coctilis Bleph. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 50 (1933), p. 168.
codeti Ammet. Hmps. Et. d’Ent. 6, p. 88. *
codeti Bry. Oberth. Et. VI, p. 88, 1881. *
coelebs Agr. Stgr. Iris (1900), p. 360. *
coenobita Panth. Esp. Schmett. Abbild. Nat. 3, S. 37. *
colluta Dasyst. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 147.
colorata Anom. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3 (1933),
p. 87. *

colorata Oed. Krul. Ural. Ges. Naturf. XII, p. 71.
columbana Sarr. Trnr. Entom. Record. 37, p. 77.
columbina Rhy. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 467. *
combinata Ephes. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 65.
combinata Non. Edelst. Entom. Record 22 (1910), p. 149. *
comma Phyt. Ostrejk. Trav. Soc. Sc. lettres (math. -Nat.) I (1),

p. 1.

comosa Anum. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1920, p. 321.
compacta Scot. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 73 (1934), p. 164.
completa Con. Oberth. Lep. Comp. I, p. 63, 1904. *
complicata Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 41. *
compitalis Crino Drt. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1909, p. 206.
conciliata Parast. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 84.
conclamationis Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 71.
concolor Aren. Tidt. Ent. Month. Mag. 25, p. 52.
concolor Stilb. Rob. Entomol. Rundschau 36. p. 17.
concors Derth. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 274.
condolens Chlor. Schaw. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 64, p. 365.
confina Cer. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. Ill, 1, p. 75.
confinis Bry. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 348.
conflua Die. Holze Int. Ent. Ztschr. 15 (1921). p. 79.
conflua Mon. Kief. Entomol. Rundschau 30 (1913), p. 32.
confluens Catoc. Melt. Iris 50 (1936), p. 75.
confluens Era. Sid. Entomol. Anzeiger 4, p. 110.
confluens Praest. Schwing. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 54. *
confluens Praest. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 13, p. 189.
conformis Eux. Brs. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Fasc. 2 (1928),
p. 49. *

confucii Oed. Alph. Rom. M4m. L4p. 6, Taf. 1. *
confusa Polia Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. nat. 72 (1933), p. 202.
confusa Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 84.
conifera Eux. Christ. Hor. Entom. Ross. 12 (1877), p. 249. *
coniortota Mon. Fil. Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. URSS 1927,
p. 251.

conjuga Catoc. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
conjuncta Am. Hofer Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 70 (1920), p. (171).
conjuncta Agr. Hke. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 60 (1910), p. 417.
conjuncta Ap. Nordstr. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 65, 19.
conjuncta Ap. Splr. Schmett. Eur. id. 214.
conjuncta Harm. Klem. Spraw. Kom. Fiz. Ak. Krak. 46, p. 11.
conjuncta Non. Rngn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 6 (1913), p. 190.
conjuncta Ol. Heydem. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1932), p. 30.
conjuncta Orb. Hirschke Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 60, p. 417.
conjuncta Pach. Hke. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60, p. 416.
conjuncta Rhy. Schille Polsk Pismo 3 (1924), p. 17.
conjux Catoc. Frr. Neue Beytr. 6, p. 137. *
connexa Calot. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 260.
connexa Ephes. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 26.
consimilis Apor. Steph. lllust. Br. Ent. 2, p. 110.
consors Gon. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 293.
consparcatoides Harm. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13
(1928), p. 103.

conspersa Myth. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 184.
conspicua Pol. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 144. *
constabilis Mon. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 116. *
contacta Rhy. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 1 (1), p. 48.
contristans Bry. Led. Wien. Ent. Mon. 1857, p. 92.
contaminella Oxyc. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11. 1915,
p. 158.

contempta Had. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 39. *
contermina Phy. Cti. Iris 43 (1929), p. 169.
contigua Catoc. Schtz. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 12, p. 34.
contiguella Pol. Krul. Rev. Russ. Ent. 9, p. 305.
continentalis Eux. Reiss. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 38. *
contorta Rhy. Rbl. & Zy. Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien 103 (1932),
p. 89.

contraria Parast. Heyd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 332.
convergens Mer. Wihan Societ. Entomol. 32 (1917), p. 4.
coreae Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 50.
coreana Elydna Mats. Insect. Matsum. 2, p. 59. *
coreana Hyp. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 14.
cornuta Usb. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 46. *
corporea Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 26. *
correpta Hypost. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 221. *
corsa Agr. Pglr. Iris (1908), p. 286.

corsa Parast. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13 (1928), p. 43.
corsatra Triph. Schaw. Iris 40 (1926), p. 150.

Corsica Parast. Trti. Nat. Siz. 21 (1909), p. 89.
corsicina Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 16 (1931), Nr. 3.
corsicola Eux. Cti. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13 (1928), p. 112.
corsicosa Aut. Schaiv. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 16 (1931), p. 41.
corsivola Bry. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13, p. 112.
cortex Ath. Alph. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1887, p. 169.
corticea Agr. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. 145. *
corticea Ath. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 145.
corticosa Apor. Led. Noctuin. Europ. (1857), p. 224.
cortii Eux. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23 (1930), p. 549. *
cortii Hyph. Krug. Societ. Entomol. 34 (1919), p. 33.
coryphaea Cer. Pglr. Iris 13, p. 118. *

costaevittata Eux. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23 (1930), p. 551. *
cracoviensis Triph. Pruff. Bull. Ac. Sc. Cracowie 1914, p. 197. *
crassicornis Rhiz. Oberth. Et. comp. 16 (1918), p. 148. *
crassistriga Era. Std. Entomol. Anzeiger 4, p. 110.
cremorna Porph. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 161.
cretacea Ars. Wgn. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 68.
cretacea Phyll. Btlr. Typ. Ill. Het. Br. Mus. 3, p. 28. *
crimaea Agr. Kozhant. Rev. Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 13.
crinanensis Ap. Burr. & P. Entom. Record 20 (1908), p. 184.
crocea Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 84.
croesus Phyt. Bryk Entom. Tidskr. 44, p. 1 16.
cruda Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 314. *
crypta Eux. Dadd Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1927, p. 158.
cubitata Acron. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 403.
cucubali Harm. Esp. Neu. Mag. Liebh. Ent. II (2), p. 218.
culoti Ath. Trti. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913, p. 408.
culoti Crym. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 11, p. 71.
culoti Derth. Ragus. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 55, p. 21.
cupreata Atra. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1 (2), p. 56. *
cursoria Eux. Hfn. Berlin. Magaz. 3, p. 416.
cuspidata Agr. Cul. Noct. I (1909), p. 70.,
cuspidea Gon. Ev. Bull. Moscou 1857, p. 436.
cypraota Eum. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25 (1918), p. 127.
cyreuaea Porph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 101. *
cyrenaica Apor. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 61, p. 150. *
cyrnaea Rhy. Splr. Schmett. (1908), p. 352.
cyrnos Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13 (1928), p. 113.

dalmatica Ameph. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69 (p. 107).*
dalmatica Epim. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 173.
dalmatica Mon. Wgn. Ent. Ztschr. 23 (1909), p. 18.
dalmatina Rhy. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 69.
dalmatina Scot. Schwing. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 1926, p. 10.
damnata Rhy. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 249. *
danieli Caloph. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924, p. 26.
danilovi Ephes. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 117.
dannehli Cal. Hrtg. Entomol. Rundschau 41, p. 46.
dannehli Pall. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 95.
dannehli Porph. Byt.-S. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 104.
dannehli Rhy. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 75
and 250. *

daubei Syngr. Frr. Neue Beytr. p. 90. *

dayensis Pall. Oberth. Etud. 6, p. 86. *

deangulata Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 49.

debilis Acron. Dem. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 308.

debilis Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 88.

I debilis Megan. Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 369.

286

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

debrunneata Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 148.
decarneata Ear. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 89.
decipiens Khy. Warn. Ent. Ztschr. 18 (1924), S. 181.
declinans Derth. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 274.
decolor Cos. Schultz Jahresber. Wien. Ent. 1904, p. 89.
decolor Pol. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 145.
decolor Rhy. PM. Rov. Lapok 23 (1916), p. 108.
decolor Tox. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 162. *
decolorata Cal. Car. Iris 43 (1929), p. 63.
decolorata Hadj. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 148.
decolorata Loph. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Gres. 19, p. 113.
decolorata Porph. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7 (1913), p. 3.
decolorata Sid. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 113.
decolorata Triph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 62 (1923), p. 49.
decorata Bux. Neubg. Soc. Ent. 1904, p. 131.
decorata Phyt. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. (1933), p. 20.
decrepita Pol. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 106.
decyanea Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 157.
deducta Catoc. Ev. Bull. Mosc. 1843 (3), p. 550.
defasciata Harm. Hannem. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10, p. 103.
defasciata Rhy. Wendt. Entomol. Rundschau 16 (1902), p. 61.
defecta Oph. Std. Entomol. Anzeiger 3, p. 44.
deficiens Eux. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1913, Nr. 1, p. 3.
deflavata Rhy. Schwing. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 73 (1923), p. 27.
degener Ars. Hbn. Smlg. Eur. Schmett. Pig. 380. *
degenerata Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 54. *
deinographa Hyph. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 172.
delectans Rhy. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 16.
deleta Arch. Wightm. Ent. Rec. 42 (1930), p. (156).
deleta Era. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 38 (1877), p. 190.
deleta Eux. Fdz. Bol. Soc. ent. Esp. 1918, p. 160.
deleta Myth. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 184.
delicata Hadj. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 73 (1934), p. 169.
delicata Zancl. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 12.
delicatula Con. Oberth. Culot Noct. 2, p. 17, 1914/17. *
deliciosa Antit. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 345.
deinaculata Hyph. Hoffm. & Kl. Schmett. Steierm. 2, p. 113.
demaculata Morm. Hrch. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 523.
demarginata Triph. ScMtz. Ent. Ztschr. 21 (1907), p. 246. *
denigrata Triph. ScMtz. Ent. Ztschr. 21 (1907), p. 247.
dentilineata Nod. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 318.
dentimacula Derth. Hbn. Beitr. 2, 1. *

deoclireata Triph. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 156.
depravata Rhy. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 139.
depressa Aut. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 49. *
de quadrat a Rhy. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1929, p. 105.
derasa Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 35. *
deserta Catoc. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan Min. 3 (1), p. 81.
deserta Eux. Stgr. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1870, p. 112.
deserta Lept. Ams. Veroffentl. Dtsch. Kolon. u. Uebersee-Mus.

I (1935), p. 237.

desert! Phyll. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 188. *
deserticola Hyph. Bart. Iris 15 (1902), p. 204.
desiderata Anom. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3,

p. 86. *

designata Diphth. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 62, p. 45. *
designata Praest. Byt.-S. Ent. Record 1937, Sep., p. (4).
despecta Agr. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 59.
despecta Coen. Tr. Ochsenh. Eur. Schmett. 5 (2), p. 311.
desquamata Pol. Fit. Abh. Pamir Exper. Leningr. 1928, 8

(1931), p. 152.

destrigata Nyct. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 83, A. 10, p. 136.
determinata Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 41.*
detersa Parasc. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 333. *
devagor Symp. Kozh. Jahrb. Martj. I (1923), p. 46.
deviridata Trach. Klem. Spraw. Kom. Krajo 46, p. 11.
deviridata Yal. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 148.
deviridella Trach. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 152.
diadeia Oed. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 7, p. 406. *
diaphana Anartom. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 1 (1923), p. 44.
diaphora Eux. Brs. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Pasc. 2 (1928),

p. 49. *

dii't'icillima Eux. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 243. *
diffu sa Acron. Bngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 233.
diffusa Min. Strd Arch Naturgesch. 79, A 8, p. 71.
diffusipicta Mom. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 46.
dignensis Harm. Trnr. Ent. Rec. 45 (1933), p. 308 (sep.).
dilucida Agr. Ev. Faun. Volg.-Ural. p. 505.
diluta Antit. Hrto. Studi Trentini 7 (1926), p. 6. *
diluta Cleoph. Bothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8, p. 232.
dilutata Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 54. *
dilutiapicata Val. Fit. Ann. Mus. Zool. URSS. 1927, p. 244.
dilutior Hyss. Schwing. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73, (p. 29).
dilutior Actin. Wgn. Ent. Ztschr. 18 (1909), p. 18.

dilutior Spud. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 519-
dilutior Lept. Schwing. Ztschr-. osterr. Ent. Yer. 11 (1926), p. 70.
dimorpha Val. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 86. *
diniensis Catoc. Hrch. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr-. 1923 (Beiheft),
p. 94.

dirempta Agr. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1859, p. 212.
dirim Oria Alph. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 7 (1913), p. 233.
discalis Antit. Bothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19 (1912), p. 125.
discoidalis Ear. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 89.
discoinsignita Rap. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 84, A. 12, p. 148.
discolor Hydr. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1893 (Sep. p. 60).
disjunctana Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 48.
dispar Bry. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 31, p. 74. *
dispar Cort. Pglr. Iris 16 (1903), p. 290.
disparata Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 76. *
disparella Cort. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 46.
disparoides Cort. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 46.
dissoluta Parast. Krul. Revue Russe Ent. VII (1907), p. 10.
dissona Eux. Mschlr. Wien. Ent. Mon. 4 (1860), p. 365. *
distaxis Eux. Brs. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Fasc. 3 (1928),
S. 5. *

distigma Ath. Chret. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913, p. 282.
distincta Amph. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 90.
distincta Ap. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 224. *
distincta Arm. Bothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 22, p. 234.
distincta Bry. Bothsch. Novit. Zool. 20 (1913), p. 125.
distincta Eux. Stgr. Iris 5 (1892), p. 358.
distincta Had. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1889, p. 35.
distincta Pand. Bothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 93.
distincta Pol. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1923 (Beih.), p. 77.
distincta Riv. Bothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 110.
distincta Ros. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 154.
distinctior Hadj. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 308.
distracta Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 39. *
disturbans Agr. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 55.
divina Cue. Cut. Noct. 2, p. 124. *
divisa Bry. Esp. Schmett. Abb. Nat. 4, p. 158. *
divitefimbria Ath. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 16, p. 58. *
divulsa Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 40. *
doerriesi Sid. Stgr. Rom. M6m. L<ip. (i, p. 446. *
dolis Eux. Grt. N. Amer. Entomol. 1 (1880), p. 91.
dolopis Bry. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 7, p. 645. *
dominans Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 73. *
donzeli Eux. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 37.
dormitans Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 67. *
dorsalis Ear. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 89.
dorsilutea Hyl. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 90.
doufanae Eux. Oberth. L£p. Comp. 16 (1918). p. 90. *
draesekei Rhy. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 18 (1926), p. 10.
draudti Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 89.
draudti Dasyth. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 23.
draudti Polia Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 21 (1936), p. 73.
drenowskii Pol. Bbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver. 80 (1930), p. (12).
dresnayi Ath. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 38 (1933), p. 195.
drewseni Eux. Stgr. Stett. Ent Ztg 1857. p. 302.
dubia Harm. Trti. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1911. p. 288.
dubia Rhy. Vorbr. Schmett. Schweiz. I (1911), p. 265.
dubiosa Agr. Drt. Seitz, Macx-olep. Suppl. 3, p. 246.
dubiosa Crino A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 149.
duebenia Lith. Strd. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1912), p. 258.
dufayi Xyl. d’Ald. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1915, p. 80.
dufranei Agr. Lamb. Rev. Nat. 1907, p. 26.
dufranei Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 19.
duktana Perig. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 114. *
dula Morm. Brem. Lepid. Ost-Sibir., p. 49. *
dulana Morm. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 64.
dulcis Aren. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16 (1918),. p. 491. *
dungerni Acron. Bngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 233. *
duosigna Agr. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 4, p. 350. *
duplicata Ephes. Btlr. Cistul. Entomol. 3, p. 135.
duplicata Gelast. Wit. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 2^4.
duplicata Hyph. Btlr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 18S1, p. ^J.
diircki Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1934, p. 58.
durnalayana Omph. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933),
p. 52.

duseutrei Bry. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 19 (1922), p. 232. *

duseutrei Metop. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 19, p. 245. *

dyris Rhy. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 19 (1934), p. 33.

eburnea Lith. Hann. Int, Ent. Ztschr. 10 (1917), p. 146.
eburnea Pol. Sohn-B. Iris 43 (1929), p. 8. *
eburnea Porph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 66 (1927), p. 324. *
effundens Xest. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1927, p. 10. *
effusior Cran. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 6.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

2*7

egestosa Porph. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 203.
egorovi Am. O. B.-H. Ent. Ztschr. Frankf. 48 (1934), p. 56.
elbursalis Zancl. Drt. Seitz. Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 280.
elbursica Rhy. Drt. Seitz. Macrolep. Suppl. 3, S. 250. *
electra Catoc. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 41. *
electariella Pela. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 40.
electrica Apor. F. Entom. Syst. 3 (2), p. 46.
elegans Con. Horh. Ent. Ztschr. 50 (1937), p. 339.
elegans Therm. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun. I, p. 240.
elineata Acron. Dufr. Rev. Namur 25 (1925), p. 32.
elinguis Jax. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 44. *
elisabetliae Aplect. Kotzsch. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 130.
ellapsa Rhy. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 17 (1927), p. 9.
ellisoni Ath. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 431.
elongata Eux. Trti. & Krug. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 15 (1936),

p. 62.

elota Parast. II bn. Sammlg. europ. Schmett. Noct. *
elsa Con. G. M. Schultz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1930), p. 167.
elvira Dertli. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13 (1928), p. 105.
emir Bomb. Oberth. L£p. Comp. 16, p. 146. *
emir Porph. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 16, p. 193.
enargiaris Xest. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 469. *
enarismenc Trach. Slasts. Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 40, 1, p. 79.
enceladaea Antit. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21 (1909), p. 91. *
enervata Sid. Warn. Mitt. Dtscli. Ent. Ges. 1 (1930), p. 120.
enigmatica Props. Trti. & Krug. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 15

(1936), p. 64.

enitens Agr. Cti. Iris 1926, p. 192. *

enodata Apl. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 145.

eos Agr. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 7 (1913), p. 672. *

eos Con. Culot Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 19. *

eotliina Acron. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1920). p. 6.

eothina Phyll. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 20.

epiphleps Scot. Trti. & Krug. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 15 (1936),

p. 61.

epixantliana Trach. Metz. Lambillionea 28 (1928), p. 59.
erebina Sypna Hmps. New Gen. Spec. Noct. (1926), p. 5.
eremica Rhy. Ams. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Bd. 20 (1935),

p. 273. *

eremita Hadj. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 147. *
eremocosma Ath. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 438.
eremophila Arm. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1895, p. 350.
eriophora Con. Pglr. Iris 14 (1901), p. 186.
eriopodoides Sciop. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 171, p. 154.
ernesti Metop. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 492. *
ernesti Porph. Bothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 22 (1915), p. 232.
erschoffi Pacli. Stgr. Iris 9 (1890), p. 248.
erubescens Ear. Stgr. Mem. Rom. Ill, p. 175.
erubescens Eux. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 105.
erythra Antit. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 59 (1910),

p. 220.

erythraea Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 76. *

erythrocephala Cue. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 8 (1917), p. 19.

erythrostigma Ap. Haw. Lepid. Brit. (1809), p. 240.

erytliroxylea Agr. Tr. Ochs. Schmett. Europ. 3, p. 31.

esther Catoc. Btlr. Cistulae Entomol. 2, p. 243.

estonica Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1934, p. 11. *

esurialis Diad. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 43. *

euanthes Con. G. M. Schultz Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1930), p. 167.

eucrinita Spud. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 72 (1938), p. 202.

eucrinospila Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 88.

eucta Bry. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 7, p. 631. *

eugeniae Cal. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17, p. 419. *

eugramma Agr. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 4, p. 432. *

eugraphomena Brach. Std. Entomol. Anzeiger 4, p. 157.

eumorpha Cop. Alph. Iris 6, p. 347.

eupiexina Chut. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofm. 31, p. 34.

euporia Phyt. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 20.

euprepiata Orect. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 32.

eureka Aneu. Trti. & Krug. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 85 (1936),

p. 67.

eur«ra Opli. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67 (p. 142).
euryp iaea Clyt. Hmps. Novit. Zool. 25, p. 214.
eustratii Hept. Alph. Hor. Ent, Ross. 17, p. 75. *
euxoides Ath. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 111. *
evanida Pseud. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 44. *
eversmanni Tar. Kol. Mel. Entomol. 1840 (pi. 18). *
evestigata Epia Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 490.
exeavata Anom. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 131.
excisa Soph. Hmps. Faun. Ind. Moths 2, p. 348.
exclamans Agr. Ev. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou I (1841), p. 27. *
eximia Agr. Cul. Noct. I (1909), p. 69.
eximia Metal. Frr. Neue Beitr. 5, p. 104. *
exotica Eupl. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 153.

expressa Ath. Led. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 1855, p. 109. *
expressa Had. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 113. *
expressa Sim. B.-Haas Iris 26, p. 139.
expressata Aren. Krul. Rev, Russ. Ent. 7 (1907), p. 11.
exprimens Pyrrh. Wkr. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 11, p. 687.
expugnata Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 42. *
extradeleta Metal. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23, p. 82.
extraria Porph. Rmb. Cat. Syst. Lep. Andal. pi 15. *
extersa Agr. Slats. Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. 40, p. 70.
extincta Mon. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 518.
exustiformis Rliy. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 124. *

fabricii Bomb. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 147.
fabrilis Heter. Pglr. Iris 21 (1908), p. 289.
faecata Proth. Std. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1924, p. 28.
fagnouli An. Guth Arch. Insektenk. Oberrhein-Geb. 2, p. 251.
lalcata Tyana Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 35, p. 1772.
falleri Eux. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 12 (1927), p. 110. *
fangalis Zancl. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 12.

1'annyi Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 75. *
farinosa Acron. Byt.-S. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 100.
farinulenta Crym. Chr. Iris 6 (1893), p. 92.
farkasii Scot. Cr. Schmett. Eur. 10 (2), p. 74.
faroulti Dasyst. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 45. *
faroulti Pol. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27 (1920), p. 48.
faroulti Rhy. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 116.
fascialis Gon. Vill. Entom. Linn. 2, p. 450. *
fasciata Acron. Hann. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10 (1916), p. 63.
fasciata Aren. Krul. Rev. Russ. Entom. 2, p. 223.
fasciata Bry. Splr. Schmett. Eur. 1, p. 183.
fasciata Cos. Gronbl. Notul. Ent. 3 (1923), p. 10. *
fasciata Crym. Bur.-S. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1910), p. 134.
fasciata Cue. Schreib. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10 (1917), p. 122.
fasciata Diphth. Lenz Ostheld. Schmett. Slid. -Bay. 1, p. 226.
fasciata Eriop. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 303.
fasciata Mer. Kromb. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1920), p. 180.
fasciata Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Slid. -Bay. 2, p. 315, 317.
fasciata Mon. Whli. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 28, p. 241.
fasciata Ol. Lenz in Osth. Schmett. Siid.-Bay. II, p. 269. *
fasciata Ol. Tutt. Brit. Noct. I (1891), p. 99.
fasciata Rhy. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 13 (1921), p. 184.
fasciata Rhy. gris. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 12 (1915),
p. 545.

fasciolata Rhy. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 514. *
fatirna Cleoph. A. B.-H. Iris 20 (1907), p. 73. *
favicolor Sid. Barr. Entom. Month. Mag. 1896, p. 100.
favrei Con. Oberth. Culot. Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 17. *
fennica Anom. Brandt Ent. Ztschr. 49 (1936), p. 459.
fennica Crym. Guth Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 367. *
fennoscandica Anom. Clayh. Notul. Ent. 10 (1930), p. 80.
j fereunicolor Con. Oberth. Culot Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 16. *

I ferrea Ol. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, S. 172. *

[ ferrantei Scyth. Drt. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt 1911, p. 66.
ferruginea Agr. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 145.
ferruginea Dertli. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 154.
festucella Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 48.
fieklini Harm. Tutt. Ent. Rec. 3 (1898).
figulina Rhy. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 467. *

| filipjevi Anom. Shelj. Iris 40 (1926), p. 62. *
filipjevi Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 89.

J filipjevi Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 107. *

I filipjevi Eux. Kozhant. Ann. Mus. Zool. URSS. 30, p. 193. *
fiorii Hyl. Costn. Atti Soc. Nat. Math. Modena (4) 13. p. 81.
fiorii Metl. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 61, p. 15.
flacca Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 69. *
flagrans Agr. Pglr. Iris 39 (1925), p. 232.
flammifera Syngr. Huene Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1901).
flava Arch. Trnr. Ent. Rec. 42 (1930), p. (146).
flava Ath. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 1, p. 45. *
flava Ath. Rbl. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 18 (1933), p. 24.
flava Aucha Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 370. *
flava Cal. Wohlf. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 36.
flavescens Acron. Lemp. Ent. Ber. 9 (1935), p. 128.
flavescens Pan. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 19.
flavicans Catoc. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 16, p. 223.
flavicans Catoc. Schtz. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 20, p. 94.
j flavicans Cos. Daring Int. Ent. Ztschr. Gub. 28 (1934), p. 4. *
J flavicrinalis Zancl. Andr. Ent. Ztschr. 24, p. 160 und 188. *

| flavida Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 71. *
flavida Rhy. Kerm. Cul. Noct. 1909, p. 53. *
flavidior Marg. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1931), p. 368.

J flavidior Rhy. Schwing. Verh. Zool. -Biol. Ges. 73 (1923), p. 28.

flavilinea Mon. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 518.
i flavimaculata Eups. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay., p. 331.

288

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

flavirena Rhy. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 352. *
flavisignata Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 31.
flavofasciata Con. Luc. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 483.
flavofasciata Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 106. *
flavogrisea Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 37. *
flavomacula Pangr. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 277.
flavomaculata Eux. Schaw. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1924, p. 95.
flavomaculata Parast. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 259.
flavorenalis Eux. Bub. Yerh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1924 (p. 9).
flavorosea Eriop. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 259.
flavosignata Derth. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 62, p. 51. *
flavostigma Hypli. Brem. Lep. Ost-Sibir., p. 52. *
flexuosa Aleuc. Men. Feu Lehm., p. 76. *
florida Phyt. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 116.
floridoides Rhy. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 38 (1925), p. 126.
fluviliuea Mon. Mats. Insect. Mat-sum. 1, p. 13. *
foeda Eux. Led. Yerh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1855, p. 107. *
fortalitium Gon. Tausch. M6m. Moscou 1809, p. 323.
fortis Morm. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 71, p. 158.
fortunata Agr. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 244.
franciscae Hydr. Trti. Entom. Record 25 (1913), p. 16.
fraterna Das. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 153. *
fraudulenta Eux. Cti. Iris 42 (1928), p. 320. *
frigga Am. Skala Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 14 (1929), p. 54.
fruticosae Scot. Dumont Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 324.
fuchsii Rhynch. Wendl. Jahrb. Nass. Yer. 54, p. 86.
fucosa Ap. Frr. Beytrage 3, p. 152. *
fugitiva Catoc. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 423.
fulgens Cero. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 104. *
fulgularis Sin. Mats. Ins. Mats. V (1931), p. 210. *
fulgu lita Hypeuth, Led. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1855,
p. 199. *

fuliginata Ephes. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 26.
fuliginosa Cal. Dubois Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. Biol. 26 (1931),
p. 39.

fuliginosa Rhy. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 467. *
fuliginosa Spud. Stertz Iris 29 (1915), p. 129.
fulva Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 61, p. 148.
fulva Sid. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 44. *
fulvescens Cos. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 153. *
fulvocincta Atli. Krul. Rev. Russ. Ent. 10, p. 221.
fumea Eur. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 88. *
fumosa Catoc. Vine. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913, p. 51.
fumosa Orth. Bankes Entomologist 42, p. 61.
fumosa Porph. Wgn. Iris 37 (1923), p. 82.
fumosalis Zancl. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 395.
funeraria Eustr. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 207. *
funerea Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 104.
funerea Parast. Hein. Schmett. Dtschld. 828.
fune’stissima Rhy. Bub. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11 (1926),
p. 115. *

furiosa Char. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 38.
furiosa Rhy. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 141.
furushonis Aplect. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III). *
furushonis Rhy. Mats. .]. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 126. *
furva Crym. Hbn. Srnlg, Eur. Schmett. Noct. Fig. 407. *
fusca Agr. ciner. Bsd. Icon. Hist. Lep. Nouv., p. 78. *
fusca Agr. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 135.
fusca Agr. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 46. *
fusca Amph. Rocci Atti Soc. Ligur. 25 (1914), p. 155.
fusca Apor. Haw. Lepid. Brit. (1809), p. 204.
fusca Arch. Edelst. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1909, p. LXXI.
fusca Arch. Tutt Brit. Noct. I (1891), p. 50.
fusca Ath. Costni. Atti Soc. Nat. Modena (5) 3, p. 16.
fusca Coen. Bank. Entom. Record. 21 (1909), p. 4.
fusca Con. Lenz. Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2 (1927), p. 330.
fusca Rhy. L,enz in Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2 (1927), p. 239.
fusca Pall. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 51, p. 306.
fusca Pall. Trnr. Entom. Record 23 (1911), p. 74.
fusca Petil. Farr. Ent. Rec. XI (1899), p. 113.
fuseescens Cos. Doring Int. Ent. Ztschr. Gub. 28 (1934),
p. 4. *

fuscicosta Rhy. Hke. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 60 (1910), p. 413.
fuscida Ephes. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 65.
fuscilinea Sid. Grasl. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, p. 411. *
fuscior Bry. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12 (1915), p. 148.
fuscipicta Ephes. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 65.
fuscobrunnea Rhy. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 146.
fuscogrisea Orth. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 11, p. 151.
fuscogrisea Trach. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 152.
fuscoirrorata Min. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 71.
fuscolilacina Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 148.
fuscosa Agr. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 179.
fuscosuffusa Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 158.

gafsana Copiph. Blach. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1905, p. 53.
galactina Harm. Trti. Natur. Sicil. 29, Sep. p. 25. *
gallica Pyr. Schaw. Iris 41 (1927), p. 233.
galvagnii Acron. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1916,

p. 483.

gammifera Syngr. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 346. *
gartneri Phyt. Skala Ent. Ztschr. 42, p. 317.
gayneri Aut. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 8, p. 429.
gea Bry. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 415. *
i gedrensis Harm. Schaw. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 14, p. 26.

generosa Phyt. Stgr. Iris 12 (1900), p. 380. *

I germana Antit. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 330.

! geyri Eubl. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16, p. 252.
ghigii Scot. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. N. 60, p. 226. *
gigantea Zancl. Trti. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1911, p. 290. *
gilva Rhy. A. B.-H. Iris 34 (1910), p. 26.
gilvagella Cos. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 149.
gilvago Cos. Esp. Schmett. Abbild. Natur 4, TaL 176. *
gitana Catoc. Mab. Bull. Soc. Philom. 9 (1885), p. 64.
giuditta Ephes. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 285.
glabella Eux. Wgnr. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23 (1930), p. 551. *
glabripennis Agr. Cti. Soc. Ent. 1926, Nr. 4, p. 14.
glacialis Rhy. H.-Schdff. Schmett. Europ. Noct. (1849). *
glaisi Antit. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 37 (1932), p. 186.
glaisi Sid. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1931. p. 95.
glauca Diphth. Trti. Annuar, Mus. Napoli 3, Nr. 18.
glaucina Agr. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. 1, (1923), p. 31.
glaucoptera Acron. Peters. Fauna Estl. 1, p. 59.
glaucula Bry. Stgr. Roman. Mem. Lep. 6, p. 374. *
glaux Dasyst. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 147.
gloriosa Metal. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 314. *
goetria Eux. Kozhant. Ann. Mus. Zool. URSS. 30 (1929),

15. 166. *

goetschmanni Syngr. Skala Ent. Ztschr. 42 (1929), p. 42.
goossensi Hydr. Dum. Encycl. Ent. B. Lepid. 1, p. 71.
gouini Agr. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1919, p. 316.
gouzzakouli Mes. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1922, p. 243.
grabezewskii Eut. Pglr. Iris 16, p. 289. *
gracilis Agr. Wgn. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 71.
gracilis Aut. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1874, p. 95.
gracilis Caly. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 86.
gracilis Merol. Wgn. Int. Ent Ztschr. 25 (1931), p. 369.
gracilis Oed. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 21. *
gracilis Pfeiff. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 54.
grandimacula Enm. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 324. *
grandis Ol. Turn. Ent. Rec. 44 (1932), p. 240 (Sep.),
granitalis Bry. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 194.
granti Pol. Warr. Nov. Zool. XII (1905), p. 443.
graphica Syngr. H.-Schdff. Europ. Schmett. 2, p. 394.
graslini Pall. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1908, p. 322.
gratissima Agr. Cti. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 152.
greyi Catoc. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztschr. 1888, p. 270.
grisea Acron. Cochr. Entom. Rec. 18 (1906), p. 102.
grisea Amph. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 13 (1921), p. 190.
grisea Antit. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1908, p. 93.
grisea Ap. Heyd. Ent. Ztschr. 44 (1932), p. (14).
grisea Bry. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 12, p. 458.
grisea Eur. Hannem. Int. Ent! Ztschr. 9 (1915), p. 45.
grisea Lith. Splr. Schmett. Europ., p. 167.
grisea Myth. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1929. p. 114.
grisea Non. Wgn. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 78.
grisea Metal. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1923), p. 82.
grisea Phyt. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 20.
grisea Xyl. Trautm. Ent. Ztschr. 16, p. 78.
griseobrunnea Orth. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 11, p. 150.
griseola Anom. Mats. .Tourn. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 130. *
griseola Had. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20 (1913), p. 121.
griseola Sid. Mats. Insect. Mat-sum. 1, p. 60. *
griseomixta Ath. Schtz. Ent. Ztschr. 37, p. 48.
griseoolivacea Ena. Cut. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 123. *
griseor Mon. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 30.
griseosignata Cos. Spul. Schmett. Europ. p. 253.
griseosnffusa Osth. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 11, p. 151.
griseotincta Agr. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1931), p. 476. *
griseovariegata Spud. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 18S a.
griseoviolacea Derth. Wgn. Iris 37 (1923), p. 82.
grisescens Acron. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 233. *
grisescens Ath. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 308.
grisescens Bry. Oberth. Et. Lepid. Comp. 16, p. 13. *
grisescens Bry. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 4.
grisescens Catoc. Hann. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11 (1917), p. 105.
grisescens Col. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17, p. 418. *
grisescens Con. Culot Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 13. *
grisescens Cue. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1931), p. 482.

Publ. 15. IV. 1958.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

289

grisescens Eubl. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. 42 (1935), p. 65.
grisescens Harm. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 62, p. 50. *
grisescens Mar. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Gres. 23 (1933), p. 76.
grisescens 01. Heydem. Ent. Ztsclir. 46 (1932), p. 80. *
grisescens Out. Chret. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 505.
grisescens Pai’ast. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1889, p. 42.
grisescens Sid. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Gies. 19, p. 113.
gronblomi Zand. Nessl. Notulae Ent. 10 (1930), p. 120.
gruneri Dertli. Bsd. Icon. Hist. L6p. p. 73. *
guadarramensis Rhy. Bi-s. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Fasc. 2

(1928), p. 49. *

guberlae Agr. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Gies. XX, I (1930), p. 14.
gueddelanea Agr. Oberth. L6p. Comp. XVI (1918), p. 99. *
gueneei Harm. Stgr. Cat. Lep. 1901, p. 163.
gueneei Pall. Dbl. Entomol. Ann. 1864, p. 123.
gueneei Porph. Splr. Schmett. Europ. I, p. 288.
gugiielminae Bry. Rag. Boll. Soc. Ital. 55, p. 20.
guiartii Catoc. Lambill., Revue Namur 1905, p. 3.
guidellii Chlor. Costn. Neue Beitr. syst. Ins.-Kunde II, Nr. II

(1922), S. 99.

gypsata Metop. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 61, p. 149. *

habibazel Aleuc. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1922, p. 245.
habiclii Xest. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gies. 59 (1909), p. 107.
hachem Cros. Dup. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 369. *
haemapasta Derth. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 13 (1914),

p. 148.

hagar Antit. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 19 (1912), p. 125.
lialinii Ath. Chret. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1913, p. 282.
hampsoni Bry. TJrt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 17. *
bampsoni Catoc. Leech Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 532.
hampsoni Rhy. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 34. *
haroldiana Catoc. Obertli. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 223. *
hartmanni Bry. Splr. Schmett. Europ. I, p. 183.
haruspex Rhy. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1824, p. 147.
haywardi Triph. Tams Ent. Rec. 38 Nr. 10 (1926), p. 129.
liedychroa Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 90.
heinrichi Pol. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Gies. 15, p. 70.
helenae Anom. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, GroBschmett. Suppl. 3, p. 86.*
heliodora Tar. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73 (p. 160). *
helladica Agr. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 50 (1905), p. 294.
hellwegeri Agr. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 139.
hellwegeri Epia Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 4, p. 31.
helvetica Pol. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 15, p. 70.
hemileuca Acron. Pglr. Iris 12, 1899, p. 291. *
henrici Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 75. *
heptarcliia Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 92.
herculea Rhy. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Spppl. 3, p. 64. *
hercules Acron. Fldr. Reise Novara Taf. 109. *
heringi Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1934, p. 91.
herzi Aleuc. Alph. Iris 8 (1895), p. 198.
herzi Rhy. Christ. Iris 6 (1893), p. 90.
herzioides Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 80. *
hessii Arch. Bsd. Gener. & Index Method, p. 134.
hetaera Morm. Stgr. Iris 7 (1894), p. 285.
lieterogyna Apl. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 85. *
hilaris Acanth. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 14, p. 1 17.
hilaris Catoc. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 346.
hilaris Pach. Whli. Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Thurgau 20.
hilaris Harp. Stgr. Iris 7 (1894), p. 275.
hilgerti Anum. Rothsch. Ent. Ztschr. 23 (1909), p. 142.
himalajensis Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 72 (1933),

p. 201.

hirayamae Hyp. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 15.

hirsuta Dasyth. Stgr. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1870, p. 123.

hirsuta Pall. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1931), p. 367.

hispanica Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 57.

hispana Derth. Bsd. Icon. Hist. L4p. pi. 72. *

hispanica Hyl. Fdz. Eos 7 (1931), p. 220.

hispanica Leuc. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 118. *

hoferi Rhy. Cti. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17 (1928), p. 59. *

hoffmanni Proth. Std. Iris 29 (1915), p. 30.

hoggari Agr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 27.

hokkaidalis Hypen. Wil. & W. Entomologist 63 (1930), p. 108.

holophaea Lith. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 137. *

honei Elydna O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. I, p. 87. *

honei Ephes. Melt. Iris 50 (1936), p. 81.

honei Eupl. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 87. *

honei Perig. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 40. *

hoenei Sid. Mats. Insect. Matsumur. 1 (2), p. 55. *

hoerhammeri Bry. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 18, p. 63. *

horhammeri Leuc. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1931), p. 367.

horhammeri Loph. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. (1931) 24, p. 481.

honrathi Catoc. Graes. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 32, p. 376.

Supplementary Volume 3

horrida Parast. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 109.
hospita Las. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 150. *
liostilis Cue. Brs. Rev. Franc;. d’Entomol. I (1934), p. 143. *
houiberti Ker. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 18 (2), p. 15. *
hiibneri Con. Culot Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 13. *
hiibneri Eux. Hours. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Fasc. 4 (1925),
p. 190.

hucherardi Hydr. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 37.
hybris Raph. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. Fig. 518. *
hyerensis Dich. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 148.
liyrnenoides Ephes. Draes. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 118.
hypostigrna Ath. Brs. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 26, Nr. 23 (1932),
p. 245. *

hypotaenia Amath. Byt.-S. Ent. Record 1937, Sep. p. (3).
hyreana Agr. fore. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 55. *
hyreana Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 37. *
hyreana Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 158. *

iberica Agr. Zy. Eos 1927 (1927), p. 362.
iberica Ath. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 145.
iberica Thalp. Cut. Noct. I, p. 143. *

ichinosawana Tox. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 152. *
icterias Hypob. Ev. Bull. Mosc. 1843, III, p. 548.
identata Eux. Fdz. Bol. Soc. Ent. Esp. 1918, p. 160.
ifranae Hydr. le Cerf. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 38 (1933), p. 217.
igdyrensis Acron. Teich Korresp.-Bl. Nat. Ver. Riga 44 (1901),
p. 17.

ignicula Trig. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 168.
iliensis Acron. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 10. *
illauta Agr. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 465. *
illecebrosa Antit. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 93.
illuminata Rhy. Trti. Natural. Sizil. IV (1919), p. 68.
illyria Parast. Frr. Neuere Beytr. 6. *

illyrica Rhy. Rbl. & Zy. Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien 103 (1932).
p. 90.

ilonkae Call. Diosz. Rovart. Lapok 26, p. 22.
imandrensis Apl. Ling. Notul. ent. 13 (1933), p. 87. *
imitata Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Mxcrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 56. *
immaculata Am. Gauckler lids 22 (1908), p. 136.
immaculata Arch. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1926, p. 168.
immaculata Calot. Hnrch. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 517.
immaculata Cue. Bromb. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23, p. 215.
immaculata Eriop. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ver. Ent. 6 (1921),

p. 2.

immaculata Panth. Shelj. Ztschr. wissensch. Ins. -Biol. 15,

p. 188.

impedita Pseud, Chr. Rom. M4m. L6p. 3, p. 74. *
imperator Agr. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 142. *
imperialis Porph. Schaw. Verh. Zoolog. Botan. Ges. Wien 68
(p. 164).

impia Had. Pglr. Societ. Entomolog. 19, p. 153.
impleta Con. Splr. Schmett. Europ. I, p. 255.
implicata Eur. Lef. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1836, p. 394. *
improba Aren. Stgr. Iris 12 (1899), p. 343.
impunctata Arch. Trnr. Ent. Rec. 42 (1930), p. (155).
impura Aren. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73, p. 28.
inamoena Pyral. Fit. Jahrb. Martjan. 3 (1), p. 60.
incerta Mesotr. Stgr. Rom. M4m. L4p. 6, p. 572.
incerta Pall. Tutt. Brit. Noct. I (1891), p. 140.
incipiens Phyt. Schaw. Ztsclir. osterr. Ent. Ver. 14, p. 107.
inclusa Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 29. *
incognita Sid. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 120.
incommoda Eustr. Krul. Societ. Entomol. 23, p. 11.
incompleta Gramm. Bur. Arb. bulgar. Nat. Ges. 14 (1914),
p. 90.

incretata Acron. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 8, p. 109.
inconspicua Rhy. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 21, p. 320, 1914.
inconstans Catoc. Btlr. Ill. Typ. Lep. Het. Br. M. 7, p. 76. *
indelicata Hadj. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 73 (1934), p. 170.
indiges Parast. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 65, p. 40, 1926. *
inermis Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 69. *
inexpectata Agr. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjanov Minussinsk. Ill
(1925), p. 74.

inextrita Bry. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 55.
infasciata Ephes. Mell. Iris 50 (1936), p. 87.
inframicans Hyph. Hmps. Faun. Br. Ind. Moths 2, p. 270.
infrarubra Soph. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 84, A. 12, p. 116.
infumata Epis. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 68, (1915),
p. (150).

infumata Syngr. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67,

(p. 128).

infumata Thalp. Hof. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69 (p. 139).
infuscata Acron. Haw. Lepid. Britann. p. 177.
infuscata Antit. Porritt Ent. Month. Mag. 59 p. 88.

37

290

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

infuscata Crym. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. ties. Wien 73

(p. 29).

iniuscata Cue. Tshetv. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 3 (1), p. 56.
iniuscata Rhy. Braes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 299.
ingloria Crym. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 149.
ingloria Metal. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 50 (1933), p. 159. *
ingrata Agr. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 162.
innocens Tox. Krul. Rev. Russ. Entom. 9 (1909), p. 309.
innocua Hypen. Wil. & W. Entomologist 63 (1930), p. 63.
innotata Cos. Failla-Ted. Nat. Siz. 10, p. 29. *
inornata Trach. Alph. Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 38 (1908), p. 593.
inornata Tripli. Mats. Ins. Matsu mur. I, p. 58.
inquieta Sten. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 40. *
inquinata Colob. Led. Wien. Entom. Mon. 1857, p. 98.
insana Cero. H.-Schaff. AuBereurop. Schmett. (1850). *
insanella Cero. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 44.
insignata Ctelast. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 235.
insubrica Crino Krug. Societ. Entomol. 35 (1920), p. 2.
insulana Eus. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 33. *
insularis Phrag. Trti. Entom. Record 25 (1913), p. 16.
insulata Gon. Klern. Spraw. Kom. Fizyogr. 46 (1912), p. 16.
insulicola Rhy. Trti. Natural. Sizil. 1919, p. (69). *
intensior Eux. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 460. *
interca Rhy. Mats. Ins. Mats. I, Vol. 1 (1926), p. 7.
intermedia Antit. Hrtg. Entomol. Rundschau 41, p. 46.
intermedia Ap. Heyd. Ent. Ztschr. 44 (1932), p. (14).
intermedia Cos. Habich Jahresber. Wien. Ent. Yer. 1895,

p. 49. *

intermedia Crym. Guth Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 366. *
intermedia Leuc. Tuit Entomologist 22 (1889), p. 136.
intermedia Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 78.
intermedia Triph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27 (1920), p. 35.
intermedia Xanth. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 20 (1923), p. ILi.tfv.
internigrata Sid. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 178. *
interrupta Phyt. (macrog.) Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936,

p. 22. *

interrupta Syngr. (microg.) Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936,

p. 22.

intersectana Hyl. Costni. Atti. Soc. Math. Modena (5) 3, p. 17.
intradeleta Metal. Osth. Mitt. Mtincli. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 81.
intricans Cham. Alph. Hor. Ent. Ross. 17, p. 41. *
intricata Con. Dup. Ind. Suppl. IV (1842), p. 89. *
invenusta Agr. Kozhant. Jalirb. Martjan. 4 (1926), p. 30.
inversa Parast. Der. Lambill. 29 (1929), p. 74.
inversa Dryob. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 59.
invittata Calot. Schtz. Allg. Ztschr. Entomol. 6 (1901), p. 183.
iobaphes Rhy. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Pr. 1936, p. 225.
iota Pall. Trnr. Entom. Record 23 (1911), p. 74.
irkuta Perig. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 114. *
irritaria Pall. O. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 146.
ishidae Rhy. Mats. Ins. Mats. I, Vol. 1 (1926), p. 5.
islyana Eux. Oberth. Lep. Comp. V (1918), p. 95.
isotima Cteip. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 41. *
isshiltii Rhy. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 125. *
italica Crym. Trti. Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 43, p. 182.

jacobsi Ath. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 335.
jacobsoni Agr. Kozh. Revue Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 5.
jaderensis Anua Std. Boll. Soc. Adriat. 25, p. 162. *
jaeschkei Acron. Kujau Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10 (1917), p. 141.
jaesekkei Arch. Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23, p. 7. *
jago Triph. Oath. Arnat. Papil. 4, p. 287.
janae Aplect. Herz Ann. Mus. Petersb. 8, p. 78.
jankowskii Acron. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 5, p. 69. *
jankowskii Cue. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 10, p. 23. *
jansseni Epkes. Prt. Bull. Hill-Museum 1, p. 453. *
japonago Wilem. & West. Nov. Zool. 35 (1929), p. 2.
japonibia Eri. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 155.
japonica Cat. Mell Iris 50 (1936), p. 67.
japonica Cue. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 135.
japonica Eux. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81 (1915), p. 144.
japonica Pan. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 199. *
japonica Xyl. Hoene Entomol. Mag. 3, p. 48. *
jezoensis Acron. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. 15, III. *
jezoensis Brach. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 2, p. 35.
jezoensis Maik. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 2 (1928), p. 126.
jezoensis Mon. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1 (1926), p. 11. *
jezoensis Parast. Mats. Insect. Mats. I (1926), p. 57. *
jezoensis Triph. Mats. Insect. Matsum. I, p. 58.
joannisi Agr. Dufr. M4m. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1930, p. 62.
joannisi Agr. Gl. & le P. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1923, p. 69.
joannisi Con. Henriot Lep. Comp. XVI (1918), p. 333. *
johni Antit. Stertz Iris 26 (1912), p. 24. *
johni Sid. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 41. *

] jordana Hypom. Stertz Iris 32, p. 112. *

[ jordani Ena. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 41. *
jordani Rhy. Trti. Ent. Rec. 24 (1912), p. 306.
jozana Acron. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 1. *
jozankeana Cue. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 III, p. 135. *
judaea Acron. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Pal. 1901, p. 131.
judaeorum Cue. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 147.
judaica Aleuc. Hmps. New gen. & spec. Noct. p. 43.
juldussica Crino Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 139.
jullieni Con. Culot. Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 10. *

J junci Aren. Bsd. Gener. & Ind. M4th. p. 134.

| jura Agr. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 146.
jurassica Ath. Rigg. Mitth. 4 (1877), p. 607.
justa Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 44. *

J justifica Agr. Cti. <fc Drt. Seitz. Macrolep Suppl. 3, p. 45. *

[ jutlandica Apam. Hoffm. & Kn. Flora og Fauna 1935, p. 68. *
juventina Eri. Cr. Pap. Exot. 4, p. 245. *

kaaba Agr. Oberth. L£p. Comp. XVI (1918), p. 99. *
kabuli Ephes. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 90. *
kacem Rhyac. le Cerf Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1933, p. 215.
kalchbergi Antit. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 172. *
kalgana Cran. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 14. *
kammeli Mon. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 72 (1923),
(p. 96).

kanei Dich. Rbl. Entomologist 68 (1935), p. 54.
kansuensis Catoc. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 88.
karafutonis Ol. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 139. *
karafutonis Rhy. Mats. J. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 124.
karagaia Harm. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 146.
karsiana Victr. Stgr. Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 14 (1878), p. 490. *
kaschmirensis Catoc. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 64.
keltana Bry. Ams. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berfin 20 (1935), p. 272. *
kieferi Rhy. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver. 62 (1912), p. (118).
kitti Ath. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 63 (p. 13). *
kneuckeri Acrob. Rbl. Iris 16 (1903), p. 69.
koizumidakeana An. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 116. *
kononis Agr. Matsum. J. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 126. *
kononis Anom. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 130. *
kononis Rhy. Mais. J. Coll. Agr. 15. (1925), p. 126. *
korbae Sin. Pglr. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 3 (1912), p. 6. *
korbi Lamp. Pglr. Iris 21 (1908), p. 302.
koreana Apop. Herz Ann. Mus. Petersb. 9 (1914), p. 315. *
koreana Stilb. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep Suppl. 3, p. 172. *
korlana Drt. Acron. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 13. *
koshantscliikovi Sid. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 42.
kotschubeyi Catoc. Shelj. Lepidopt. Rundschau Wien 1, p. 1. *
kotzschi Eux. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 268. *
kowatschevi Pol. Dren. Mitt, bulgar. Ent. Ges. VI (1931), p. 56.
kozhantschikovi Agr. Drt. Seitz, GroBschmett. Suppl. 3, p. 62. *
kraussi Calopli. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1895, p. 348.
krauti Am. Tmx Ent. Ztschr. 38 (1925), p. 109.
kriigeri Harm. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 20 (Sep.), p. 25. *
kruegeri Pall. Trti. Entom. Record 24 (1912), p. 24.
kuangtungensis Catoc. Mell. Mitt. Dtsch. Ent. Ges. 2 (1931),
p. 90.

kuelekana Eubl. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Eur. (1871), p. 131.
kuijarensis Eux. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 144.
kulmburgi Usb. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 68 (1918). p. 158.
kumamotonis Rhynch. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 54, 1926. *
kungessi Anom. Alph. Hor. Ent. Ross. 17, p. 62. *
kurenzovi Ephes. Moltr. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 90.
kurodakeana Symp. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1. p. 117. *
kusnezovi Aleuc. John Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 1910, p. 606.
kusnezovi Catoc. Plgr. Iris 2S (1914), p. 48. *

labradoriensis Eux. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1881, p. 419.
lactea Parast. Turn. Ent. Rec. 45 Sep. p. (262), 1933.
lacteipennis Lith. Dadd Entomol. Record 23 (1911), p. 97.
lacteola Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 339.
lactescens Porph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 103.
lactescens Rhy. Trti. Natural. Sizil. 1919, p. 68. *
lactiflora Am. Drt. Seitz, GroBschmett. Suppl. 3, p. 151.
lactiflora Amath. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 151. *
lacunosa Pall. Kozh. Jahrb. Martj. Min. 3 (1), p. 80.
laeta Agr. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien 19 (1904), p. 209.
laetior Riv. Splr. Schmett. Europ. I, p. 295.
lafauryi Agr. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1920, p. 84.
lais Catoc. Schtz. Ent. Ztschr. 20, p. 94.

lajonquiffrei Oria O. B.-H. Ent. Ztschr. Frank!’. 48 (1934),
p. 71.

lampra Cue. Pglr. Bis 21, p. 29.

lainpra Sid. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 63, p. 157.
lana Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 49.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

29]

lanzarotensis Agr. Rbl. Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien IX (1894),
p. 52.

lapidea Atli. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 218.
hippo Pol. Dup. Hist. Nat. Lep. VII. p. 116.
lappona Crino Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 233.
larentioides Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 84, A. 12, p. 119.
latebrosa Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 32. *
latefasciata Catoc. Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13, p. 25.
latefasciata Eul. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 230.
latefasciata Panth. Rbl. Berge Schmett.-Buch, p. 141.
latefasciata Rhy. Huene Beri. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1911), p. 309.
latestrigata Arch. Ams. Veroffentl. Dtsch. Kolonial.-Mus. Brem.
Bd. 1 (1935), p. 236.

latipennis Agr. Pglr. Iris 21 (1908), p. 286. *
latistriata Olig. Hoffm. Flora og Fauna 1935, p. 59. *
latruncula Ol. Him. Samml. Europ. Schmett. p. 148. *
lauta Las. Pglr. Iris 13 (1900), p. 119.
lea Dasyst. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 280. *
ieaena Eux. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 87.

lecerfi Eux. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 19 (1934), p. 44. *
lechneri Rhiz. Rbl. -Berge, Schm. 1910, p. 226.
lectrix Eus. L. Mus. Ulr. p. 389.
lenis Er. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 279.

leonhardi Agr. Rbl. Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 1914, p. 208.
leonhardi Eupl. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 50 (p. 331). *
ieonina Agr. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1877, p. 182
lepida Rhy. Costn. Neue Beitr. syst. Ins. -Kun.de II, Nr. 11
(1922), p. 97.

leptitanus Crino Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 88. *
leptotaenia Oph. Bhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 18.
letheus Crino Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 87. *
leucanides Porph. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1887, p. 55.
leucocuspis Acron. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 78.
leucofasciata Symp. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 22 *
leucogaea Acron. Stick. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 13, p. 290. *
leucograplia Cer. Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 83.
leucomelas Catoc. Obertln. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 229. *
leuconephra Ol. Pimps. Cat. Lep. Phal. VII, p. 389. *
leuconeura Rhy. Pimps. Nov. Zool. 25 (1918), p. 113.
leucophila Eux. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1925, p. 114.
leucoptera Acron. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 595.
leueoptera Agr. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1919), p. 157. *
leucoptera Cort. Hmps. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 264. *
leucotaenia Oph. Dkl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 18.
leucorena Dryob. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919, p. 104.
leucozona Sypna Hmps. New gen. & spec. Noct. (1926), p. 6.
levicula Las. Pglr. Iris 21 (1908), p. 288.
lhassen Rhy. le C. Bull. Mus. Paris (2) 4 (1932), p. 513.
lia Aut. Pglr. Iris 19, p. 97. *
libanicola Agr. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 71.
libanotica Agr. Cti. &Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 55. *
Jibanotica Aut. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun. 1, p. 251.
libanotica Das. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 167. *
liberatii Caloph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63 (1924), p. 77.
lignea Ol. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 69 (1930), p. 55.
ligula Con. Esp. Schmett. Abbild. Natur. 4. *
ligula Eux. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 35.
likiangensis Cat. Mell Iris 50 (1936), p. 69.
lilacina Lith. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81. A. 12, p. 148.
lilascens Derth. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 14 (1929),

p. 106.

limbata Riv. Splr. Schmett. Europ. I, p. 275.

limbirena Phyt. Gn. Spec. Gen. 2, p. 350.

limbobrunnea Aegle Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 165.

limbopuncta Hyph. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 84, A. 12, p. 104.

linipida Antit. I) hi. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 119.

lineago Cos. Guen. Noct. F., p. 396.

lineata Arum. Berio Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 66, p. 127.

lineata Spud. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1923, Beih. p. 88.

lineola Coen. Steph. Ill. Brit. Ent. Haust. Ill, p. 123.

lineola Eust.r. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 14.

linosyridis Cue. Fuchs Societ. Entomol. 18, p. 83.

linstowi Brach. Strd. Ent. Ztschr. 25, p. 258.

lintea Caloph. Frr. Neue Beytr. 4, p. 141. *

liouvillei Agr. le C. Bull. Mus. Paris (2) 4 (1932), p. 510.

lipara Agr. Rmb. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1848, p. 68.

lithargyrula Agr. Trti. Natural. Sizil. 4 (1919), p. (66). *

lithoplasta Oed. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 7, p. 406. *

lithoxylea Allom. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 157. *

liturata Metal. Christ. Rom. M4m. L£p. 3, p. 89. *

livescens Rhy. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 81. *

livida Hyp. Tutt. Brit. Noct. (1891), p. 33.

lobnorica Cue. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 124. *

lodbjergensis Scot. Hoff. & Kn. Flora og Fauna 1935, p. 58. *

loebeli Rhy. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 70 (1920), p. 16. *

longipalpis Ephes. Mell Iris 50 (1936), p. 80.

lowei Harm. Tutt. Ent. Rec. 3 (1898), p. 151.

lucasi Catoc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912, p. 209.

lucasi Con. Culot Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16 (1918), p. 119.

lucens Ap. P'rr. Neuer. Beitr. (5), p. 143. *

lucida Am. Ilufn. Berl. Mag. 3 (1767), p. 302.

lucida Lith. Huene Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1901), p. 312.

lucilla Triph. limps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 163.

luciola Petil. Proh. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 70 (p. 97).

ludifica Mom. L. System. Natur. (X), p. 514.

lugens Catoc. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 6, pi. 131. *

lugens Mom. Cut. Noct. & Geometr. 1, p. 17. *

lugubris Chlor. Klem. Spraw. Kom. fiz. Ac. Krak. 46, p. 14.

lugubris Era. F. Entom. System. 3 (I), p. 467.

luna Antit. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 80 (1930), p. 14. *

luna Proth. Zy. Iris 41 (1927), p. 112. *

lunulata Epiz. Herz Ann. Mus. Petersb. 9 (1904), p. 320. *

lunulata Pangr. Stertz Iris 29 (1915), p. 131. *

luridago Xanth. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 196.

lusitanica Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 18.

lutalgira Proth. Schaw. & Stdtterm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1934,

p. 286.

lutea Arch. Wightm. Ent. Rec. 42 (1930), p. (155).
lutea Ath. Bromb. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 144.
luteoalba Porph. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82. A. 2, p. 32.
luteocinnamomea Pol. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 110. *
luteoflaveola Rap. Trti. & Krug. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 15, p. 68.
luteomixta Agr. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 151.
luteosignata Leuc. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 5 N. 63, p. 78.
luteosordida Bry. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 62.
luteotincta Aucha Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 156.
lutescens Antit. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21 (1909), p. 92.
lutescens Cal. Whli. Verh. Gesellsch. Basel 28, p. 241.
lutescens Catoc. Vorbr. Schmett. Schweiz 1. p. 433.
lutescens Hyp. Tutt. Ent, XXI, (188), p. 136.
lutescens Petil. Farr. Ent. Rec. XI (1899), p. 113.

J luxuriosa Aut. Zy. Iris 47 (1933), p. 82. *
lycophotioidcs Rhy. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 21 (1914), p. 321.

mabella Catoc. Holt. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 16, p. 75.

| macaria Hyph. Rbl. Jahrb. Wien. Ent. Ver, 26, p. 12.

maclilyum Leuc. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 78. *
j macromacula Speir. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 68.
maculata Aren. Warn. Beitr. Syst. Ins.-K. 2, p. 93.
maculata Ephes. Vine. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1919, p. 150. *
maculata Isochl. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 39.
j maculata Spin. Alph. Hor. Ent. Ross. 26, p. 445.
maculatrix Eus. Wrr. Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 67. *
maculifera Ath. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 299.
maculifera Cryps. Stgr. Stett. Ent, Ztschr. 1888, p. 61.
maculifera Sug. Mats. Ins. Matsum. 1 (1926), p. 53.
maculosa Tar. Whr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 12, p. 795.
maerens Rhy. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 123.
magna Parasc. Diosz. Verh. siebenburg. Ver. Nat, 79/80 (1930),

p. 241.

magnifica Er. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 21 (1914), p. 328.
magnifica Eur. Mr. Lepid. Atkins, p. 127.
magnifica Syngr. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 22. *
mairei Ath. Drt. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 3, p. 207.
majellana Hel. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933). p. 19.
major Anum. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 96.
major Dryob. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 329.
mala Lept. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 32.
malaisei Ap. Nordstr. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1932), p. 65.
malana Balsa Fitch. Rep. Ins. N. York 1856. p. 244. *
malatyana Phyt. Byt.-S. Ent. Record 1937. Sep. p. (5).
malchani Apl. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 108. *
malitiosa Pall. Alph. Hor. Ent. Ross. 26 (1892), p. 448.
manca Cer. Ljungd. Entom. Tidskr. 39, p. 83. *
mansour Eux. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 38 (1933), p. 216.
mansourah Agr. Chret. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1920 (p. 498).
mansuetana Am. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. I (1916), p. 91.
mansuetella Am. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. I (1916), p. 91.
mansuetodes Am. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. I (1916), p. 91.
maozim Caloph. Cut. Lep. Comp. 16, p. 180.
maraschensis Porph. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933),

p. 88.

maraschi Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 58.
maraschi Parast. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 157. *
maraschi Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 61. *
margarethae Calot. Dhl. Ent Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 12.
margiana Odont. Pglr. Iris 14, p. 182.
marginata Acron. Lamb. Rev. Namur 1909, p. 22.

292

List of the Palaearctic JMoctuae.

marginata Porph. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc 42
(1935), p. 65.

margineoniata Rhy. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 247.
mariae-ludovicae Agios. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1914, p. 311.
niarisola Phyt. Krul. Societ. Entomol. 23 (1908), p. 11.
maritima Harm. Trti. & Vrty. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 43, p. 180.
marmarides Er. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 92. *
marmorata Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 53. *
marmorata Mon. Lenz, Ostli. Schmett. Sud-Bay. 2, p. 317. *
marmorata Oed. Warr. Nov. Zool. 21 (1914), p. 404.
maroccana Parast. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Yer. 19 (1934),
p. 46. *

marsicaria Orth. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 110.
martjanovi Lith. Tschetv. Rev. Russ. Ent. 4, p. 78.
massiliensis Orect. Mill. Icon. I, p. 350. *
matritensis Agr. Vasqu. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. V (1905),

p. 116. *

matutina Phyll. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 14.
maura Man. A. Syst. Nat. X, p. 572.
mauretaniae Cleoph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 69. *
mauretaniea Agr. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 36.
mauretanica Ath. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 178. *
mauretaniea Card. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 58. *
mauretanica Cue. Bours. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 26, Nr. 41
(1932), p. 453.

maurisea Man. Stdr. Lep. Rdsch. Wien 2 (1928), p. 115.
mayeri Harm. Wgn. Int. Ent Ztschr. 24 (1931), p. 477. *
medialis Hyps. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 149.
mediana Eul. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 295. *
mediobrunnescens Bry. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11,
p. 156.

mediofasciata Am. Std. Ent. Anzeiger 3 (1923), p. 44.
mediofuliginosa Polyph. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 164.
medioitalica Orth. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 110.
medionigra Col. Vorhr. Schmett. Schweiz 1, p. 237.
medionigra Ephes. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 318.
medionigra Eur. Lenz. Ostli. Schmett. Sud-Bay. 2, p. 251.
inedioochracea Bry. Byt.-S. Ent. Rec. 48 (1937), Sep. p. (3).
inediorufa Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep Suppl. 3, p. 60. *
mediorufa Cal. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 164.
mediosanguinea An. Heyd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22 (1929), p. 427.*
mediostrigata Bry. Trti. Entomol. Rec. 24 (1912), p. 305.
megala Brach. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 160.
meixneri Zancl. Wgn. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 56, p. 228.
melaena Pach. Hartwg. Ent. Ztschr. 26, p. 187.
melaleuca Acron. Cut. Noct. & Geometr. 1, p. 19. *
melaleuca Amph. T.enz Osth. Schmett. Sud-Bay. 2, (1927)
p. 311. *

melaleuca Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Sud-Bay. 2, p. 315. *
melancholica Ath. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 177. *
melanocephala Acron. Mansb. Entomologist 38 (1905), p. 2S9.
melanocephala Phyl. Mschlr. Yerh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 33,
p. 207. *

melanoehrata Polyph. Fdz. Eos 7 (1931), p. 214.
melanoglossa Pseud. Berio Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 66 (1934),
p. 125. *

melanomorpha Crino Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919 Lep., p. 72. *
melanophaea Pach. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 19 (1934),
p. 45. *

melanophila Eux. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1925, p. 114. I
melanophila Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 18 (1933),
p. 70.

melanos Rhynch. Zblln. Iris 34 (1920), p. 71. *
melanotica Caloph. Strd. Arch. Natui’gesch. 81, A. 12, p. 147.
melanotica Col. Haverlc. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 50, p. 158.
melanuroides Agr. Kozh. Rev. Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 18.
melicerta Oph. Dry. Ill. Exot. Ins. 1, p. 42. *
nrendeli Eux. Fdz. Bol. Soc. Ent. Esp. 1918, p. 159.
meraca Las. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 90.

meretricula 01. Bkh. Syst. Beschr. Europ. Schmett. IV (1792),
p. 187.

meridionalis Acron. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 119.
meridionalis Am. Stgr. Cat. Ed. II (1871), p. 117.
meridionalis Derth. Calb. Iris 1, p. 235.
meridionalis Hyph. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 172.
meridionalis Rhy. Dhl. (Jst) Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 128.
mesembrina Agri. Sch aw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 63, p. 157.
mesopotamica Oz. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 73 (1923),

p. (160).

mesotrosta Sid. Pglr. Iris 12, p. 295. *
inesozona Eul. limps. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 261. *
messrae Therm. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 296. *
metaxantlia Acron. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 8, p. 139. *
metaxanthella Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 158.

metaxanthodes Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 158.
mezeyi Sid. Diozh. Verh. Siebenburg. Ver. Nat. 79/80, p. 233.
inicroglossa Merol. Rmb . Cat. Syst. Andal., pi. 7, 22. *
milled Ath. Schtz. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1862, p. 367. *
millieri Aplect. Cut. Noct. 5, p. 43. *
millieri Eux. Stgr. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1870, p. 119.
miltina Antit. Pglr. Iris 15 (1902), p. 152. *
miltophaea Bry. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 7, p. 629. *
mimicaria Prot. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1887, p. 58.
mimouna Eux. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 38 (1933), p. 214.
minima Agr. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 19 (1934), p. 45. *
minima Agr. hogg. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 62. *
minima Eux. Kozh. Revue Russe d’Ent. XXII (1928), p. 93.
minima Ol. Haw. Lep. Brit., p. 216.
minogenica Cue. Rbl. Ann. Wien. Hofm. 30, p. 127.
minor Acron. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 233. *
minor Cateph. Hrtg. Studi Trentini 8 (1), p. 9.
minor Ol. Duf. Lambill. 32 (1932), p. 82.
minor Pall. Trnr. Entom. Record 23 (1911), p. 74.
minor Pall. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 51, p. 306.
minor Trig. Cab. Rev. Namur 25, p. 7.
minorata Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 61. *
minuscula Ol. Dnfr. Lambill. 32 (1932), p. 82.
mirabilis Gramm. Rom. Mdm. Lepid. 2, p. 78. *
mirabilis Stilb. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 95. *
miranda Agr. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 18 (1926), p. 13.
mirifica Agr. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7 (1913), p. 3.
misella Ecb. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 219. *
misera Zancl. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 398.
mixta Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 53.
mixta grisea Con. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Sud-Bay. 2 (1927),
p. 330.

mixta spadicea Con. Spul. Schmett. 1 (1910). p. 256.
mixtificata Tel .Fdz. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 32 (1932), p. 453.
moderata Cal. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 257.
modesta Agr. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 21 (1931), p. 52. *
modesta Con. Obth. Lep. Comp. 1 (1904). p. 63. *
modesta Dich. Warn. Beitr. syst. Ins.-K. 2, p. 93.
modesta Triph. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 199. *
modestalis Zancl. Boldt Lepidopt. Rundschau Wien 2, p. 6.
modestissima Con. Obth. Culot Noct. 2 (1914 — 17), p. 16. *
moellendorfi Tox. I-Ierz Ann. Mus. P6tersb. 9, p. 318. *
moesta Crino Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 335.
moldavicola Oz. H.-Schdff. Europ. Schmett. 2, p. 419. *
molisana Ath. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 114.
moltrecliti Catoc. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1. p. 89. *
moltreehti Elydna O. B.-II. Horae Macrolep. I, p. 87. *
moltrecliti Sed. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 84. *
moltrecliti Ipim. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 87. *
molybdea Amph. Chr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1867, p. 235.
monedula Agr. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 135.
monotona Eux. Kozh. Ann. Mus. Zool. ITRSS. 30 (1929),
p. 171. *

monotona Pol. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1928), p. 145. *
monotonia Aed. Ams. Veroffentl. Dtsch. Kolonialmus. Brem.,
Bd. 1, S. 236.

montana Agr. Kozh. Rev. Russe d’Ent. XXII (1928), p. 96.
montedoronis Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13 (1928),
p. 45.

monticola Orth. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Entom. Ges. 19, p. 111.
montium Sid. Bsd. Gen. & Index Method., p. 133.
morosa Apor. Bell. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1862, p. 616. *
morosa Harm. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 4, p. 31. *
morosa Metop. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 21, p. 326.
mozabitica Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 19, p. 125.
mucidata Rhy. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 1925, p. 128.
miihlschlegeleri Lith. Rngn. D. Ent. Ztschr. 1917, p. 129.
iniilleri Eux. Hdnel Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1920), p. 185.
multisigna Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 23. *
multiplex Hel. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3. p. 200. *
multiplicans Eut. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 15, p. 1747.
murciegoi Hydr. Fdz. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 33 (1933),
p. 362. *

muricolor Ath. Brs. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 22. *

murina Bry. Oberth. Lepid. Comp. 16, p. 13. *

murina Berth. A. B.-H. Iris 20 (1907), p. 72. *

murina Agr. Cut. Noct. I, 1909 — 13.

murrayi Pall. Trnr. Entom. Record. 23 (1911), p. 74.

murtea Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 76. *

mus Antit. Brs. Rev. Frang. d’Entomol. I (1934), p. 61. *

muscicolor Bry. Kozh. Jahrb. Martj . Min. 1, p. 29.

musculus Megaz. Men. Schrk., p. 62. *

musella Acron. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 223. *

mustaga Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 37.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

mustapha Dich. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 164. *
mutica Crym. Chr. Roman. M4m. Lep. 2, p. 47. *
mutila Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 76. *
myopa Ap. F. Entom. Syst. 3 (2), p. 116.
myopolia Hyph. Dhl. Entom. Ztschr. 39, p. 372.

nabataea Clyt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 13 (1913), p. 296. *
nala Phyt. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 49.
nasamonius Blepli. Trli. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 87. *
navasi Cran. Brs. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 29 (1935), p. 241. *
nawae Con. Mats. Ins. Matsum. 1 (1926), p. 55. *
neara Agr. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 85. *
nefasta Had. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 219. *
negligens Zancl. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 12.
nelvai Epim. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 27, p. 64.
nelvai Porph. Rothscli. Novit. Zool. 27, p. 112. *
neomelaina Ars. Traub Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22 (1928), p. 189.
nera Crino Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13 (1928), p. 45.
nervosa Thol. Zy. Eos 3 (1927), p. 366. *
nesiota Hypen. Rbl. Ann.Hofmus. Wien 30 (1916), p. 131.
nevadae Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 306. *
nevadensls Eux. Cti. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17 (1928), p. 49. *
nevadensis Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 105. *
nevadensis Pol. Reisser Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 116. *
nictitans Ap. Bkh. Europ. Schmett. Noct., p. 463.
nictitans Ap. L. Syst. Natur. (XII), p. 847.
nictitans Crym. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Sud-Bay. 2, p. 275. *
nictitans Mon. Lenz. Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay, 2, p. 312. *
nictitans Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Sud-Bay. 2, p. 315. *
nigella Jamb. Hmps. Novit. Zool. 25, p. 139.
nigra Acron. Schafer Int. Ent. Ztschr. 18 (1925), p. 276.
nigra Acron. Schaw. Ent. Rec. 14 (1902), p. 103.
nigra Actin. Rbb. Iris 23 (Beih.), p. 263.
nigra Apop. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 225. *
nigra Arch. Wightm. Ent. Rec. 43 (1931), p. 106.
nigra Eux. Stgr. Iris 9 (1896), p. 251.
nigra Rhy. aug. Vorbr. Fauna Schweiz (1912), p. 464.
nigra Synth. Rbb. Iris 33 (1912), Beih., p. 291.
nigra Triph. Piesz. Jahrb. Ent. Ver. 17 (1908), p. 113. *
nigralba Antit. Gel. & Imc. Cat. Li>p. Ou. Fr., Suppl. 2, p. 154.
nigrata Caloph. Kief. Entomol. Rundschau 30 (1913), p. 32.
nigrata Cal. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 77, p. 82.
nigrella Antit. Gel. & Luc. Cat. Lep. Ou. Fr., Suppl. 2, p. 154.
nigrella Caloph. Trti. Natur. Sicil. 1919 (Sept., p. 86). *
nigrescens Acron. Barr. Lep. Brit. Is. Ill (1896), p. 24.
nigrescens Antit. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 252.
nigrescens Bomol. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 317.
nigrescens Catoc. Hann. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11 (1917), p. 105.
nigrescens Eux. Hanel Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1920), p. 185.
nigrescens Pall. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 96.
nigrescens Parast. Hannem. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10 (1917), p. 121.
nigrescens Rhy. (c-n.) Buresch Arb. Bulg. Nat. Gesch. 14 (1914),

p. 62.

nigrescens Rhy. Kilt, Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 10 (1925), p. 27.
nigrescens Tripl. Basse Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 1925, p. 50.
nigricans Agr. Hoffm. Schmett. Steierm. 2 (1915), p. 363.
nigricans Eups. Schulze Int. Ent. Ztschr. 4, p. 26.
nigricans Harm. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11 (1926),
P-11-

nigricans Lith. Klem. Spraw. Kom. Fiz. Ak. Krak. 46, p. 14.
nigricans Parasc. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 154. *
nigricaria Herm. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 101.
nigricata Symp. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 22. *
nigricostata Era. Strd. Std. Entomol. Anzeiger 4, p. 110.
nigriorbis Agr. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 19 (1934), p. 45.
nigripicta Ephes. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 65.
nigriuscula Myth. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1893, Nr. 1.
nigrobasalis Bomol. Herz Ann. Mus. Pdtersb. 9, p. 329. *
nigrobrunnea Parast. Hoffm. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. I (1916),
p. 14.

nigrobrunneata Gort. Dub.-R. Ztschr. wiss. Ins. -Biol. 26 (1931),
p. 39.

nigrolasciata Polia Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau, 1935, p.233.
nigrofasciata Symp. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 21. *
nigrolimbata Cer. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 19 (1922), p. 243. *
nigrolinea Mon. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 11. *
nigrolineata Agr. Kozh. Rev. Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 11. *
nigromaculata Acron. Gelin (nigromarginata ? ) in Gelin & Lu¬
cas, Catal. 1912, p. 89.

nigromaculata Am. LIbfer Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 73 (1923),
p. 194. *

nigromaculata Ath. Gloss. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13, p. 50.
nigromaculata Mon. Hone Ent. Mag. 3, p. 47. *
nigromarginata Acron. Gelin Cat. L6p. Fr. (1912), p. 89.

293

nigronotata Pall. Joan. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (1925), p. 36.
nigropicta Aren. Huene Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1901, p. 157.
nigropicta Ath. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 71 ( 1921), p. (1 56 ).
nigropunctata Arch. Kromb. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1920), p. 180.
nigropunctata Mer. Kromb. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1920). p. 180.
nigropunctata Mon. Welirli Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 28
(1917), p. 240.

nigrosparsata Eustr. Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 346. *
nigrostriata Arch. Wightm. Ent. Rec. 42 (1930), p. (156).
nigrotincta Antit. Dhl. Entom. Ztschr. 39, p. 156.
nigrovenosa Con. Preiss. Ja.hresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. (1912),
p. 44.

nigroviolacea Phyt. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 22. *
nigrovittata Eux. Hanel Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1920), p. 185.
nihonica Xyl. Hoene Ent. Mag. 3, p. 48. *
nikltensis Bomol. Wil. & W. Entomologist 63 (1930), p. 62.
nikkonis Triph. Mats. Insect. Matsum. i, p. 57.
nilotica Arm. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 160.
nisseni Bry. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 20 (1913), p. 123.
nisseni Parasc. Trti. Natural. Sizil. 18 (1905), p. 20. *
nisseni Rhy. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 19 (1912), p. 125.
nisseni Stiib. Stertz Iris 28 (1911), p. 35. *
nitescens Rhy. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 12/1.
nitida Amph. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 46. *
nitidula Cocc. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 20.
nivea Antit. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 111.
nivea Agr. Car. Bull. Sect. Sci. Ac. Roum. XV (1932), p. 4.
niveata Xanth. Obth. Lepr-Homp.. 16, p. 122.
niveosparsa Acron. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 4. *
nivescens Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 79.
nivescens Rhy. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 52 (1907), p. 35.
nocmelaina Arsil. Traub Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22 (1928), p. 188.
noctambulatrix Agr. Chret. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1910), p. 502.
noctualis Porph. Him. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Pyral. *
nocturna Pliyll. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 14.
nolens Anom. Cti. &>Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 86.*
nomas Eux. Ersch. Fedtsch. Reise (1874), p. 38. *
nonmarginata Triph. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1903, p. 402.
noshirae Neob. Mats. Ins. Mats. I (1926), p. 59. *
norwegiea Cer. Strd. Zool. Zentralbl. 1906.
norwegica Eux. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1861, p. 383.
norvegicola Rhy. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 146.
notodontina Cue. Brs. Rev. Frarnj. d’Entomol. I (1934), p. 146.*
nowickii Eustr. Schille Polsk. Pismo 2 (1923), p. 109.
nozawae Catoc. Mats. Thous. Ins. Suppl. 3, p. 89. *
nuba Triph. Kaiser Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 9 (1919), p. 13.
nubila Ephes. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881. p. 196.
nucha Porph. Strd Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 33.
nuda Agr. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 106.
numerica Phyll. Bsd. Gen. & Index Method., p. 175.
numida Stiib. Oberth. Et. d’Ent, 13, p. 27. *
minis Catoc. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noctuae. *
nyctopis Eux. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 4, p. 250. *
nyiwonis Hypox. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 145. *
nyiwonis Pol. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925) III, p. 133. *
nyiwonis Syngr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. 15 (III), p. 149. *

obeliscata Eux. Wgn. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 74.
oberthiiri Ath. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20. p. 126.
oberthiiri Metl. Culot Encycl. Ent. B. Ill, Lep. 3 (1928), p. 21.
oberthiiri Sid. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 38.
obliqua Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 79. *
obliterata Derth. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 5, N. 62, p. 52. *
obliterata Phyll. Rmb. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1833, p. 27. *
obnubila Agr. Cti. Soc. Ent. 1924, Nr. 4, p. 16.
obscura Acron. Strom Dan. Vid. Selsk. 79, 1783.
obscura Agr. ciner. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1892, p. 76. *

obscura Anom. Helbig Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1932), p. 422.
obscura Agr. cors. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 15 (1930), p. 9.
obscura Ap. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1, p. 61.
obscura Aplect. Frey Lep. Schweiz (1880), p. 117.
obscura Ath. Nordstr. Ent. Tidskr. 54 (1933), p. 224.
obscura Ath. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 69.
obscura Auchm. Schiving. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 62
(p. HD.

obscura Brach. Him. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60, p. 413.
obscura Brach. Hoffm. Schmett. Steierm. 2, p. 435.
obscura Cal. Hoffm. & Kl. Schmett. Steierm. 3, p. 141.
obscura Catoc. Dhl. Ent. Ztg. 47 (1933), p. 26.
obscura Cran. Metl. Lambillionea 28, p. 117.
obscura Crym. Whli. Mitt. Ent. Ver. Basel 11 (1919), p. 2.
obscura Cue. Bur. Arb. Nat. Ges. Bulg. 7, p. 81.
obscura Cue. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 388. *
obscura Cue. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 62, p. 52. *

<7/,;

294

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

obscura Bra. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 284.

obscura Eriop. Hoffm. & Kl. Schmett. Steierm. II (1916),

p. 115.

obscura Eur. Lenz Osth, Sclimett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 252. *
obscura Bus. Stgr. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1870, p. 113.
obscura Hyp. Tutt Ent. XXI (1888), p. 136.
obscura Lith. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 2(c$2. .

obscura Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 312. *

obscura Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 316. *

obscura Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 315.

obscura Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2 (1927), p. 317.
obscura Morm. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 71, p. 158.
obscura Non. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1911, p. 223.
obscura Petil. Hoffm. & Kl. Mitt. Nat. Ver. Steierm. 52, p. 125.
obscura Rhiz. Obth. Et. Comp. 16, p. 148. *
obscura Rhy. dep. Clayh. Notul. Ent. 7 (1927), p. 83.
obscura Rhy. lat. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 73 (1923),
p. 23.

obscura Scot. Hoffm. & Kl Schmett. Steierm. 2, p. 396.
obscura Sid. Hoffm. & Kl. Schmett. Steierm. 2, p. 111.
obscura Triph. Cul. Noct. I, p. 30. *

obscura Triph. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 234. *
obscurata Agr. Soln-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 40.
obscurata Aut. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun. 1, p. 251.
obscurata Ephes. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 95.
obscurata Gerb. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 175.
obscurata Orth. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 161.
obscurata Myth. Dhl. Entom. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 180.
obscurior Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 158.
obscurior Agr. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 71.

obscurior Agr. fore. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,
p. 55.

obscurior Cleoph. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 52.
obscurior Con. Culot Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 20. *
obscurior Con. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 81, A. 12 (1915), p. 149.
obscurior Epim. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 68.
obscurior Mon. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 30.
obscurior Rhy. Sdlzl Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 18 (1928), p. 62.
obscuro spadicea Con. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 521.
obsolescens Agr. simpl. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 12,
p. 144.

obsolescens Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 316. *
obsolescens Sid. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 321. *
obsolescens Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 316.
obsolescens Mon. Lwnz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 317.
obsolescens Rhy. Pet. Rev. Russe Ent. 5 (1905), p. 119.
obsoleta Agr. cort. M. -Waldo Entomologist 5 (1915), p. 48.
obsoleta Parast. Stephan Iris 39 (1924), p. 26.
obsoleta Rliy. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 68.
obsoleta Rhy. cand. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep.. Suppl. 3, p. 67.*
obsoleta Rhy. flamm. Cti., Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,
p. 67. *

obsoletipicta Rhy. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 144.
obsoleta Leuc. Tutt Entomologist 22, p. 136.
obstructa Blen. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Bond. 1881, p. 328.
obsuta Acron. Drt. EntomoL Rundschau 1933, p. 157. *
occidentalis Ath. Oberth. B4p. Comp. 20, p. 100.
occidentalis Bry. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 46.
ocellaris Cos. Rich. Naturg. Europ. Schmett. 4, p. 647.
ocellata Calot. Krul. Societ. Entomol. 23 (1908), p. 11.
ochrucea Ath. Benz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. (2), p. 306. *
ocliracea Ath. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1881, p. 410.
ocliraeea Hyph. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 31.
ocliracea Parast. Turner Ent. Rec. 44 (1932), p. (223).
ocliracea Rhy. Wkr. Bist. Bep. Het. Br. Mus. 32, p. 657.
ochraceobrunnea Agr. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 12,
p. 146.

ochrea Agr. Cul. Noct. 1 (1909), p. 89. *
ochrea Agr. optab. Cul. Noct. I (1909 — 13), p. 89. *
oclirea Eups. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. (1927), p. 331.
ochrea Harm. Zweig. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 3, p. 30.
ochrea Bith. Der. Bambillionea 28 (1928), p. 78.
ochrea Min. Kromb. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 12 (1919), p. 186.
ochreimacula Bith. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 21 (1914), p. 329.
ochreola Ap. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1882. p. 42.
ochreola Porph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 103.
ochrorenis Pol. Kard. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem. 17 (1928), p. 418.
oculea Ap. L. Faun. Suec. II (1761), p. 321.
oculata Mer. Wih. Societ. Entomol. 32 (1917). p. 4.
oenipontana Riv. Hellw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 62 (p. 711).
ogasawarae Hyp. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 14.
ohtaniensis Hypox. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 144. *
ojeoviensis Man. Biezanko Arch. Naturgesch. 90, A. 5 (1924),
p. 24. *

olbiena Caloph. Dup. Bep, France Suppl. 4, p. 230. *
olejaspidina Val. Volk. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23 (1829), p. 109.
olethria Chyt. Wil. & W. Novit. Zoolog. 35, p. 6.
olivacea Agr. Htg. Entomol. Rundschau 41 (1924), p. 45.
olivacea Era. Hmps. Ill. Typ. Br. Mus. 8, p. 63. *
olivacea Eups. Porritt. Ent. Mo. Mag. 59 (1923), p. 87.
olivacea Eur. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 252. *
olivacea Triph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 72.
olivaceobrunnea Orth. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 11,
p. 150.

olivina Cer. Trti. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912, p. 416. *
oli vina Era. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 74.
olivina Oria Alph. Oberth. Bep. Comp. 7 (1913), p. 2-35-. *
omihsiensis Acron. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 297.
omorii Acron. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1. p. 3. *
omphale Catoc. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1881, p. 195.
opalina Caloph. Esp. Schmett. Abbild. Nat. Taf. 182. *
opportuna Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 40. *
optabilis Catoc. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
oranaria Eux. A. B.-H. Iris 19 (1906), p. 133.
oranensis Gon. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 97.
orbata Syngr. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 346. *
orbiculella Agr. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 143.
orbona Had. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 151. *
oreas Rhy. Pglr. Soc. Ent. 19 (1904), p. 22.
oriens Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 157.
orientalis Acron. Mann Wien. Ent. Mon. 1862, p. 370. *
orientalis Apor. H.-Schdff. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
orientalis Arch. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 23 (1930), p. 553. *
orientalis Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936. p. 93.
orientalis Hydr. Oberth. Bep. Comp. 16, p. 127. *
orientalis Rhy. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 145.
ornata Pen. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1911, p. 226.
ornata Spud. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 188 a.
orontii Caloph. H.-Schdff. Europ. Schmett. 2 (1845). *
orotavae Anat. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau, 50, 1933, p. 169.
orthostigma Apor. Steph. Illustr. Br. Ent. Haust. 2, p. 110.
osmana Rhy. Wgn. Mitt. Miinch. Ent, Ges. 19 (1928), p. 69.
ostheldei'i Cue. Brs. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 8. *
osthelderi Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 28. *
ostlielderi Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 319. *
ostrogovichi Conis. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 50 (1933),
p. 158. *

ottoi Aegle Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73 (p. 159).
ottomana Drt. Acron. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 13. *
oxybiensis Bry. Mill. Rev. d. Zoolog. 1874, p. 242.

[ pabulatricula Parast. Brahm Ins. Kal. II (1) (1791), p. 395.
pacifica Cran. Fil. Ann. Mus. Zool. URSS. 1927. p. 231. *
paenulata Derth. Christ. Rom. Mem. Bep. 2, p. 45. *
palaestinica Bry. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 156.
palleago Cos. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett, Noct. *
pallens Ath. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 15 (1930), Nr. 1
bis 3.

pallens Eriop. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 303. *
pallescens Ap. Stgr. Iris 12 (1899), p. 342.
pallescens Perig. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 114. *
pallida Acron. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 7.
pallida Agri. Kaucki Polsk Pismo 5, p. 64.
pallida Agr. ciner. Tutt. Brit. Noct. (1892), p. 76.
pallida Agr. const. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent, Ver. 13 (1928),
p. 103.

pallida A gr. cors. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 15 (1930),
Nr. 1—3.

pallida Agr. vestig. Splr. Schmett. Europ. I, p. 164 1.

pallida Agr. Stgr. Stett. Ent, Ztg. 1881, p. 423.

pallida Am. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztsch. 1923, Beih. (1923), p. 88.

pallida Am. Hofer Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1913), p. 16.

pallida Ameph. Schwing. Eos III (1927.), p. 385.

pallida Amph. Lambill. Rev. Namur 1907, Nr. 7, p. 29.

pallida Apor. Calb. Iris 1 (1884), p. 237.

pallida Ap. Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1, p. 61.

pallida Ath. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 299.

pallida Bry. B.-Bak. Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1894, p. 37. *

pallida Catoc. Alph. Roman Mem. Bepid. 3, p. 406.

pallida Cos. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 68 (1918). p. (151).

pallida E ur. Splr. Schmett. Europ. I, p. 164 r.

pallida Harm. Zy. Eos 1927, p. 368.

pallida Myth. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1929, p. 115.

pallida Orb. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 196.

pallida Parast. Fuchs Jahrb. Nass. (1892), p. 94.

pallida Parast. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 515.

pallida Perig. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68 (p. 150).

pallida Pol. ,4. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 146.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

295

pallida Rhy. cupr. Iioffm. Schmett. Steierm. (1915), p. 357.
pallida Rliy. ditr. Hoffm. Schmett. Steierm. (1915), p. 349.
pallida Rhy. kerm. Fdz. Bol. Soc. Ent. Hisp. 1908, p. 162.
pallida Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Yer. 18 (1933), p. 70.
pallida Rhynch. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Yer. 14, p. 1 18.
pallida Scol. Splr. Schmett. Europ. I, p. 297 r.
pallida Sid. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 97. *
pallida Thalp. Rbl. Rovart. Lapok 23, p. 109.
pallida Triph. Kaiser Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 9 (1919), p. 13. *
pallida-obsoleta Agr. Dill. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1923), p. 135.
pallidior Antit. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 143. *
pallidior Ath. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 307.
pallidior Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 15. *
pallidior Cort. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 46.
pallidior Eux. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7 (1913), p. 3.
pallidior Metop. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20, p. 123.
pallidior Omph. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 28 (1913), p. 124.
pallidior Peric. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 45.
pallidior Pron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 29.
pallidipicta Agr. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 12. p. 145.
palliola Bry. Rich. Europ. Schmett. 4, p. 184.
palustris Rhy. Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. (1927), p. 241. *
pamira Aleuc. John Rev. Russe Ent. 17 (1917), p. 46.
pannosa Bry. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. 1911, p. 213.
paralia Rhy. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 67. *
parallela Era. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 74.
pardalina Era. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 33, p. 794.
parisiensis Acron. Cut. Noct. & Geometr. 1, p. 23. *
parnassicola Aut. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 225.
partkenopea Ath. Costni. Neue Beitr. syst. Ins.-Kunde II

(1922), p. 98.

parvaspersa Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 92.
parvimacula Anum. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 96.
parvimacula Enm. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 324. *
parvispina Orth. Tshetv. Rev. Russ. Ent. 4, p. 78.
pasipliae Acron. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 457. *
pasithea Catoc. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
passetii Eur. Th.-Mieg le Naturaliste, 1886, p. 237.
pataloides Catoc. Melt Mitt. Dtsch. Ent. Ges. 2 (1931), p. 89.
patanei Coel. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 65, p. 47. *
patefacta Syngr. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 12, p. 924.
patula Agr. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 10, p. 329.
patula Poliohr. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 217. *
pauli Omph. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 306. *
paupercula Pol. Pglr. Iris 15, 1902. p. 148, *
pavida Crino Bsd. Gem Index M’eth. p. 120.
pecirkai Harm. Jovikl Cas. Ceske Spol. Ent. 1908, p. 96.
pedinea Cos. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 115.
pclita Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 77. *
pellex Catoc. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
pentheri Antit. Rbl. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, 20, p. 201.
pentliica Symp. Stick. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 56 (1911), p. 80. *
penthima, Hypt. Ersch. Trudy Russk. entom. Obsch. 4, p. 196.
pepli Acron. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. Fig. 614. *
peralba Porph. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73, (p. 159).*
peralbida Porph. Trti. & Krug. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 15 (1936),

p. 66.

perambulans Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 24. *
percontatrix Phyt. Auriv. Nord. Fjaril. p. 181.
perdistincta Eux. Zy. Iris 47 (1933), p. 72.
peregrina Pol. Tr. Schmett. Europ. 1 (1825), p. 330.
perloides Bry. Gn. Noctuin. 1, p. 29.
permixta Porph. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 266. *
pernivea Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 84. *
perorsorum Cero. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 104. *
perplexa Agr. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 36.
perplexa Harm. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. 89. *
persiaca Agr. Kozh. Iris 43 (1929), p. 186.
persica Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 158.
persica Bry. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 156.
persicola Hadj. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 162.
persimilis Ath. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 111. *
persimilis Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1934, p. 21. *
perspicua Con. Pglr. Iris 39 (1925), p. 233.
perspicua Cue. Warn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1919), p. 25.
perstrigata Tox. Rbl. Annal. Wien. Hofm. 25, p. 345. *
persubtilis Eux. Cti. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 14 (1929),

p. 114. *

•pertexta Rhy. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 469. *
perversa Triph. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 156.
pescona Rhy. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 71. *
peterseni Delta Christ. Rom. Mem. Lep. 3, p. 76. *
peterseni Rhy. Krul. Rev. Russe Ed!,. 8 (1908), p. 272.
petricolor Scot. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 62, p. 53.

petroffl Aegle And. &• Sz. Senckenbergiana 7 (1925), p. 58.
peusteria Raph. Pglr. Iris 19, p. 216. *
pieifferi Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 58. *
pteit'feri Ath. Brs. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 26 (1932), Nr. 23,
p. 246. *

pfeiiferi Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1934, p. 93.

pfennigsehmidti Mon. Pglr. Iris 39 (1925), p. 232.

pliaedra Acron. limps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 9 (1910), p. 520. *

pliaedriola Acron. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 8. *

phantoma Eux. Kozh. Ent. Mitt. XVII (1928), p. 201.

pliilippsi Antit. Pglr. Ztschr. wiss. Ins. -Biol. 7 (1911), p. 160.

pliilippsi Eux. Cti. Iris 42 (1928), p. 322. *

pliilippsi Rhy. Casp. Jahrb. Nass. 3 (1899), p. 201. *

picata Mon. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 156.

picata Rhy. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 140.

picea Agr. Haw. 1809, p. 220.

picta Leuc. Christ. Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 12, p. 257. *
picta Scot. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. N. 65, p. 37. *
picturata Harp. Rothsch. Ent. Ztschr. 23, p. 142.
picturata Rhy. Kozh. Jahrb, Martjan. Minussinsk III (1925),
p. 72.

pieretti Pall. Obertli. L6p. Comp. 20 (1923), p. 122.
pilleti Metop. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1932, p. 147.
pineti Bry. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1859, p. 112.
pinguis Sid. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 168.
pintori Caloph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 76. *
pirata Kor. Herz Ann. Mus. Petersb. 9 (1904), p. 313. *
placodoides Eri. Gn. Noct. 2, p. 296.
plaga Agr. Steph. (1829), p. 388.

plaisanti Epiz. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 16 (1931), p. 35.
plectella Rhy. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 145.
plesiarcha Ath. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1837, p. 439.
plottneri Crym. Harm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 8 (1915), p. 185.
plumbea Hyp. Stgr. Iris 7 (1894), p. 276.
plumbea Polia Obraz. Ent. Ztschr. 49 (1935), p. 55.
plumbea Tox. Bank. Entom. Record 18, p. 68.
plumbealis Parast Mats. Ins. Mats. I (1926), p. 56. *
plumbina Antit. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 61.
plumbina Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 16. *
plumbina Cer. Trti. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1912, p. 416. *
plumbina Rhy. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7 (1913), p. 2.
plumbosa Apl. Mansbr. Entomologist 50 (1917), p. 49.
plumbosa Hydr. Harr. Vasculum 15, p. 39.
pokornyi Epiz. Stern. Casopis 17 (1921), p. 35.
polaris Eux. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 35.
poliotis Ger. Hmps. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15 (1905), p. 448.
polonica Acron. Pruff. Bull. Acad. Polon. 1918, p. 201.
polli Conis. Stertz Iris 29 (1915), p. 127. *
polybela Omph. Joan. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1903, p. 28.
polyglypha Parast. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 286.
polygramma Porph. Dap. Hist. Nat. Lep. 3, p. 519. *
pomerana Conis. Schltz. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1869, p. 51.
pomerana Morm. Diesterw. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1921, p. 271.
pontica Megan. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 492. *
pontica Rhy. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 468. *
ponticola Rhy. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 469. *
poppiusi Lena Herz Finn. Vet. Acad. 45 (Sep. p. 9).
posteli Agr. Cut. Noct. I (1909), p. 70. *

postlimbalis Hyps. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 12, p. 149.
postnigra Aed. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 263.
postpallida Amph. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 11, p. 150.
postrosea Aed. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 263.
postulkae Ena. Simla Ent. Ztschr. 42 (1929), p. 317.
powelli Eux. Oberth. Et. Comp. VI (1912), p. 334. *
powelli Pall. Cut. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 129.
pozzii Sid. Curd Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 15 (1883), p. 296.
praecipua Rhy. Stgr. Iris 5, p. 360. *

praeclara Aut. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68 (p, 28).
praeeontigua Polia Trti. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 65 (1933), p. 18. *
praedicta Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 44. *
praedita Pol. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
praesaga Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 37. *
praevisa Eux. Brs. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. II, Fasc. 3/4 (1927),
p. 134. *

precisa Oed. Cut. Noct. 1 (1909 — 13), p. 125. *
precisa Oed. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 23.
predotae Ath. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 21 (1931), p. 54. *
predotae Eux. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 7 (1922), p. 10.
pretiosa Agr. Car. Ac. Rom. Mem. Sect. Stiint. Ill, Bd. 7
(1931), p. 22.

pretiosissima Agr. Cti. <fc Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3,
p. 53.

prieta Synth. Rbb. Iris 23 (1912) Beih. p. 291.
privata Min. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 370.

29G

List of the Paiaearctic Noctuae.

privata Myth. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 180.
privigna Eux. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 83.
propitia Aplect. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 89.
proboscidata Orect. H.-Schaff. 618, II, p. 430.
producta Caloph. Led. Wien. Ent. Mon. 1857. p. 97.
prolixa Megal. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933. p. 187. *
prominens Erch. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 72.
proniinens Hyph. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 339.
prominens Ris. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 329.
prominens Sid. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 9, p. 102.
propensa Sid. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 91.
protecta Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 17. *
provincialis Bry. Cut. Noct. & Geometr. 1, p. 128. *
provincialis Eux. Brs. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Fasc. 4
(1925), p. 197.

provincialis Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 74. *
provincialis Thalp. Cut. Noct. I, p. 143. *
proxima Herm. Chr. Iris 6 (1893), p. 94.
proxima Hyph. Leech Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1900. p. 124.
priifferi Acron. Msl. Polsk Pismo 2, p. 130. *
pseudambigua Ath. Zy. Eos 3 (1927), p. 382.
pseudocliretieni Agr. Heydem. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22, p. 430.
pseudocomma Sid. Rbl. & Zy. Denkschr. Ak. Wiss. Wien 103
(1932), p. 95.

pseudocos Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 61. *
pseudodertkisa Pall. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 332.
pseudogothica Eux. Cti. Seitz. Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 33. *
pseudolatens Rhy. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 42,
p. 50.

■ .pseudolatruncula 01. Heydem. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1932). p. 56. *
'_>pseii (1 0 ny c li i n a Olig. Heyd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 331. *
pseudoobelisca Eux. Cti. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 140.
pseudoperla Bry. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 334.
pseudoregina Ena, Fdz. Eos 7 (1931), p. 214.
pseudosimulans Rhy. Kozli. Bull. Mus. Georg. Tifl. 1929. p. 91.
pseudostrina Porph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 339.
pseudotestacea Pall. Silb. Ent. Ztschr. 44 (1930). p. 118.
pseudotrachea Erem. Krul. Rev. Russ. Ent. 8, p. 272.
psideleta Acron. Trnr. Ent. Rec. 47 (1935), Sep. p. (362).
ptolemaida Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 62.
pudentia Enm. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 67.
pudorina Porph. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1889, p. 53.
puengeleri Ath. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 176. *
puengeleri Mon. Stfs. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. XII 3 (1912),
p. 69. *

pulchrella Agr. ,4. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 139.
pulla Acron. Strd. Arch. Math. Naturv. Christ. 25, Nr. 9, p. 9.
pulverata Had. A. B.-H. Iris 20 (1906), p. 71. *
pulverosa Acron. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 8, p. 133. *
pulverulenta Con. Culot Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 14. *
punctalis Zancl. Hcrz Ann. Mus. Petersb. 9, p. 324. *
punctata Cos. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. (1916), p. 521.
punctosa Ath. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1893, Sep. p. 64.
pungeleri Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 16. *
piingeleri Eux. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1913, Nr. 1, p. 2.
pungeleri Harm. Schaw. Iris 35 (1912), p. 119.
pungeleri Pol. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 101. *
pungeleri Sid. Schaw. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73 (p. 189).
punicea Aren. Tutt. Brit. Noct. 1, p. 45.

punjabensis Rhy. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 145.
pura Rhy. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1929, p. 105.
purificata Eux. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 105.
purinula Porph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 73 (1934), p. 171.*
purpurago Cos. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 115.
purpurascens Leuc. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919, p. 96. *
purpurea Con. Wilem. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 205.
purpurea Morm. Obertli. Lep. Comp. 19 (I), p. 265. *
purpureolusca Pan. Preiss. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 72 (p.93).
purulenta Porph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 73 (1934), p. 170.*
putealis Triph. Mats. Insect. Matsum. I, p. 57.
pygatula Eut. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 74.
pygmaea Caloph. Stgr. Hor. Ent. Ross. 7 (1870), p. 124. *
pygmaea Corg. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 228.
pyrenaica Rhy. Brs. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Fasc. 2 (1928),
p. 6. *

pyroxesta Cos. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 260.
pyxina Cal. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 39. *

quadrigera Agr. Cti. <fc Drt. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 48. *
quadrigrammica Mer. Lenz Ost-h. Schmett. Sud.-Bay. p. 304.
quadrimacula Agr. Writ. Mitt. Thurgau Nat. Ges. 20 (1918),
p. 248.

quadrimaculata Pach. Kuj. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 12 (1918), p. 105.
quassa Eux. Cti. Seitz. Macrolep. Suppl. 3, p. 27. *

quatuor Anum. Berio Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 66 (1934), p. 126.
quietior Actin. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 164.
quinaria Blen. Mr. Lepid. Atkins, p. 158. *
quinariodes Blen. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 87.

rabiosa Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 27. *
rada Leuc. Bsd. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1848, p. XXX.
radians Pall. Joan. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (1925), p. 36.
radiata Aren. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 16 (1922), p. 39.
radoti Acron. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1924, p. 25.
radoti Er. Bours. Encycl. Entomol. Lep. Ill, Fasc. 2 (1928),
p. 7. *

raebeli Petil. Dhl. Entom. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 12.
rafidain Rhy. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, Nr. 12, S. 224.
ramburi Derth. Zy. Eos 1927. p. 374. *
ramburi Porph. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 192.
ramosana Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 15. *
rangnowi Chlo. Stich. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 53 (1908), S. 103. *
rangnowi Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 34. *
rangnowi Pol. Pglr. Iris 21 (1908), p. 289.
raphael Acron. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 10, p. 19. *
raptriculoides Bry. Trti. Ent. Record 24, p. 305.
raselaini Scot. Dumont Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 333.
rasilis Dasyth. Pglr. Iris 13 (1900), p. 120. *
rasilis Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 42. *
rasilis Leuc. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1933, p. 167.
ratisbonensis Polyph. Metschl Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 12, p. 46.
ravulana Bry. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 156.
rebeli Aegle Schaw. Yerh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73 (p. 159). *
rebeli Eux. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1913, Nr. 1. p. 4.
rectangularis Eur. Stephan Iris 39 (1925), p. 19.
rectilinea Bry. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 22. *
rediens Antit. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 18 (1933), p. 89.
reducta Aleuc. Fdz. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 32 (1932), p. 454.*
reducta Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 312. *
re gin a Ena. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 297. *
reisseri Antit. Schaw. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 21 (1931), p. 53.*
reisseri Crym. Bub. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 117. *
reisseri Cue. Brs. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 26, Nr. 41 (1932).
S. 451. *

reisseri Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 33. *
reisseri Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3. p. 106. *
reisseri 01. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 17 (1932), p. 12.
renardi Parast. Bsd. Ind. Meth. Add., p. 5.
renata Mer. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 304. *
renati Conis. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1890. p. 187.
renimaculata Ars. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 22 (1932),
p. 83.

rennenkampfi Eryth. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,
p. 198. *

repicta Hyph. Krug. Societ. Entomolog. 34 (1919), p. 33.
reticulata Agr. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. 1 (1923), p. 35.
retrusa Pol. Pglr. Iris 19 (1905), p. 91. *
revayana Sarr. Scop. Ann. Nat. Hist. 5, p. 116.
rhaeticaria Orth. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 155.
rhodina Leuc. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919, p. 98. *
rhodana Cue. Cab. Revue Namur 23, p. 14.
rliodocomma Sid. Pglr. Iris 13 (1900), p. 120.
rhododendron Pall. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 64,
p. 362.

ribbei Parast. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 77.
rilfelensis Rhy. Oberth. Lep. Comp. I (1904), p. 60. *
rikovskensis Hypox. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 145. *
riparia Hyph. Rmb. Ann. Soc. Obs. 1829, p. 261. *
riphaea Eux. Bart. Iris 19 (1906), p. 203.
rivosa Harm. Strom Dansk Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. IV (1783),
p. 77.

rivularis Eri. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 12, p. 867.
ljabovi Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 91.
rjabovi Eux. Kozh. Bull. Mus. Georg. 1929, p. 87. *
robiginosa Eux. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 106.
robiginosa Pangr. Kard. Ent. Mitteil. Dahlem 17, p. 421. *
robiginosa Parasc. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p. 332. *
roborovskii Pol. Fit. Abh. Pamir Exped. Leningr. 1928. 8
(1931), p. 152.

robusta Agr. Ev. Bull. Acad. Moscou (2) 1856, p. 205.
robusta Triph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 72.
robustior Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 55. *
rogenhoferi Gramm. Boh. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 29,
p. 407.

romana Zancl. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 235. *
romaniszyni Zancl. Kaucki Polsk Pismo 3 (1923), p. 93.
romieuxi Polia Cul. Bull. Soc. L6p. Geneve 5 (1924), p. 96. *
rondoui Antit. Stertz Iris 15, p. 180. *

Publ. 15. IV. 193S.

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

297

rosacea Eux. le C. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 38 (1933), p. 215.
rosacea Scot. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27 (1920), p. 56.
rosea Acron. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 51 (1911), p. 290.
rosea Ap. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1, p. 61.
rosea Antit. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27 (1920), p. 53.
rosea Arch. Trnr. Ent. Bee. 42 (1930), p. 46.
rosea Arch. Wightm. Ent. Rec. 42 (1930), p. (155).
rosea Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1936), p. 93.
rosea Derth. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 80.
rosea Dich. Tutt Brit. Noctuae 3, p. 98.

rosea Para-st. Schonfeldt Int. Ent. Ztschr. 11 (1917), p. 167.
rosea Myth. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 180.
rosea Phyt. Kaucki Polsk Pismo 7 (1929), p. 185.
rosea Rhy. Tutt. Brit. Noct. (1892), p. 103.
roseana Ear. Shelj. Iris 40 (1926), p. 63.
roseggeri Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 1919, p. 31.
rosea Rhy. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 1935, p. 50.
roseata Aut. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 19, p. 126 (1912).
roseifera Ear. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 18.
roseoflava Rhy. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 68.
roseolimbata Catoc. Uhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 372.
roseonitens Call. Shelj. Lep. Rundschau Wien I (1927), p. 135.
roseoradiata Arch. Wightm. Ent. Rec. (1930), p. (156).
roseoradiata Cran. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 120.
roseosuffumata 01. Heydem. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1932), p. 56. *
roseotincta Agr. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 70.
roseotincta Pseud. Trti. Boll. Lab. Portici 23, p. 108.
roseovirgata Eur. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929),
p. 105.

rosescens Agr. Schaiv. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 13 (1928).
p. 103.

r osina Bry. Cul. Noct. & Geometr. 1. *

rosinae Leuc. Bhtsch. Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver. 20 (1910),
p. 163.

rosinata Antit. Oberth. L£p. Comp. 16, p. 142. *
rossica Eux. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztschr. 1881, p. 419.
rothschildi Cero. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 63, p. 110.
rotroui Agr. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 29. *
rotroui Dasyth. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 45. *
rougemonti Ath. Spir. Schmett. Europa, p. 231.
rubella Cal. Krul. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1893 (Sep. p. 70).
roxana Ath. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 438.
rubellina Bry. Stgr. Iris 12 (1899), p. 359.
rubellina Derth. Wgnr. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 26 (1932), p. 179.
rubellina Eubl. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 10 (1925), p. 46.
rubens Ath. Stgr.-Rbl. Cat. Lep. Ill (1901), p. 205.
rubescens Lept. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver. 80 (1930), p. 18.
rubescens Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 6 (1921), p. 2.
rubetra Orb. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 196.
rubida Metop. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 427.
rubidior Agr. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 69.
rubiginea Con. F. Mant., p. 142.
rubigo Con. Rmb. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1871, p. 317.
rubra Agr. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 36.
rubra Cos. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 157.
rubra Eux. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 69.
rubra Rhynch. Zolln. Iris 34 (1920), p. 71. *
rubra Spud. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 151.
rubrago Cosm. Horh. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 87.
rubricosta Rhy. Fuchs Jahrb. Nass. Ver. 53, p. 216.
rubrifera Rhy. Warn. Verh. Ver. Nat. Heimatforsch. 22 (1931),
p. 137.

rubrimaculata Mesotr. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69
(p. 142).

rubrirena Crym. Tr. Schmett. Europa 2 (1825), p. 159.
rubrizona Sypna Hmps. New Gen. & spec. Noct. (1926), p. 7.
rubrobrunnea Sim. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11 (1915),
p. 158.

rubrociliata Cal. Schaw. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 21 (1931),
p. 56.

rula Amath. Horh. Ent. Ztschr. 50 (1937), p. 339.

rufa Aur. Osth. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 66.

ruta Arch. Wightm. Ent. Rec. 42 (1930), p. (156).

rufa Cal. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 164.

rufa Coen. Haw. Lep id. Britann., p. 260.

rufa Ena. Cul. Oberth. L6p. Comp. 16, p. 123. *

rufa Phyt. Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 36 (1904), p. 77.

rufa Rhy. xanth. Tutt Brit. Noct. (1892), p. 83.

rufata 01. Kurd. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17 (1928), p. 419. *

rufescens Am. Hofer Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 73 (1923), p. (194).

rufescens An. Tutt Brit. Noctuae 3, p. 129.

rufescens Arch. Edelst. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1909, p. LSXI.

rufescens Leuc. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919, p. 96. *

rufescens Myth. Schwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 1918, p. (150)

Supplementary Volume 3

rufescens Peric. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 333.
rufescens Ses. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 56, p. 239.
rufescens-albo Ap. Burr. Entom. Record 20 (1910), p. 80.
rufialbivertex Ris. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 88.
ruficeps Corg. Wkr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 7, p. 186.
rufitincta Bry. Rothsch. Novit. Zool. 20 (1913), p. 125.
rufocanago Die. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 184.
rufotincta Hyph. Wgn. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 70, (p. 42).
rufofusca Mon. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 30.
ruforadiata Antit. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39, p. 11.
rufostigmata Ath. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 135.
rufotincta Agr. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 143.
rufotincta Eustr. Dan. & Kb. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 20 (1930),

p. 62.

rufovariegata Spud. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 188 a.
rufovenosa Rhiz. Schille Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 14, p. 120.
rufovitta Ear. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 89.
rufula Aren. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 405.
rufula Hyph. Hmps. Faun. Ind. Moths 2, p. 278.
rukawaarae Pol. Hoffm. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1883, p. 127.
rumelica Eux. Brs. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 29 (1935), p. 217.*
rungsi Metop. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 41 (1936), p. 316.
rupicola Rhy. Trti. Atti Soc Ital. Sci. Nat. 73, p. 163. *
ruta Agr. Ev. Bull. Ac. Moscou 1851 (2), p. 634.
rutilans Agr. Sohn-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 40.
rutilans Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 55. *
rybatchiensis Aplect. Kotzsch Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 130.

sabouraudi Any dr. Luc. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 79, p. 484. *
sabulifera Cort. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 23, p. 228.
sabulosa Aut. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 20 (1913), p. 127.
saca Diad. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 43. *
sachalinensis Aren. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 120.
sachalinensis Anom. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 129.
sachalinensis Ath. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 143. *
sachalinensis Cue. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 136.
sachalinensis Hyp. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III) (1925),

p. 135. *

sachalinensis Hypox. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 144.*
sachalinensis Man. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III). *
sachalinensis 01. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 140.*
sachalinensis Syngr. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agric. 15 (III), p. 148.*
sachalinensis Triph. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 142.*
saepestriata Ars. Alph. Iris 8 (1895), p. 188.
sagittaria Eux. Schaiv. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 1925, p. 115.
sahariensis Antit. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16, p. 251.
sajana Agr. Cti. <fc Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 47.
sajana Anom. Tshetv. Revue Russe Ent. 4 (1904), p. 77.
sajana Brach. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 134. *
salmantina Chlor. Fdz. Relig. y Cultur. 2 (1928), p. 216. *
salicorniae Scot. Dumont Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 332.
salioclitana Eux. Brs. Rev. Frang. d’Entomol. I (1934). S. 59.*
salmonea Antit. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 16, p. 142. *
salmonea Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 105. *
salmonea Oed. Cul. Noct. I 1909 — 13, p. 124. *
saltdalensis Pol. Strd. Arch. Mats. Naturv. 25, p. 11.
salva Rhy. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 70. *
salzi Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936 (p. 89).
samnii Pall. Sohn-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 12. *
samnitica Agr. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1933), p. 247.

Sana Cero. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun., p. 241.
sanana Cero. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 44.
sanctiflorentis Proth. Bsd. Rev. Ent. Silb. II, p. 122.
sanctmoritzi Rhy. A. B.-H. Iris 19 (1906), p. 132. *
sanella Cero. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 44.
sapporensis Acron. Mats. Insect. Matsumur. 1, p. 3. *
sapporensis Ath. Mats. Ins. Matsum. 1 (1926), p. 53. *
saracenica Agr. Tams Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 15 (1925). p. 10.*
sardoa Cleoph. Trti. Ztschr. Wiss. Ins. -Biol. 7, p. 209.
sardoa Parast. Trti. Nat. Siz. 21 (1909), p. 89.
sarrothrypoides Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 53. *
sartorii Acron. Hockem. Ent. Ztschr. 18 (1904), p. 24. *
satiata Pasc. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 19.
satiata Phyt. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 16.
satinea Amph. Roug. Bull. Soc. Neufchat. 29 (1905), p. 37. *
saturatior Sid. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 113.
saturata Aren. Stgr. Cat. Lepid. Europ. (1871), p. 107.
saturata Rhy. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 65.
saturatebrunnea Cal. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 164.
saturatior Bry. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 20 (1913), p. 125.
scannensis Chlo. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 115.
scapulosa Cei’o. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. (1808). *
schawerdae Cos. Stdr. Ent. Anz. 3 (1923), p. 43.
schawerdae Eux. Brs. Rev. Frang. d’Entomol. I (1934), p. 59.*

3S

298

List of the Paiaearctic Noctuae.

schawerdae Evisa Reiss. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Yer. XV, p. 1. *
schawerdae Parast. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 307.
schawerdae Porph. Byt.-S. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 104.
seliawyra Scot. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 85. *
scherdlini Prps. Oberth. L4p. Comp. 18 (2), p. 21. *
schernhammeri Porph. Ruhl Soc. Ent. V, p. 34.
schimae Antit. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60 (p. 84).
schlumbergeri Acron. Schtz. Ent. Ztschr. 20 (1906), p. 73. *
sehumacheri Crino Rbl. Ann. Nat. Hofmns. Wien 31 (1917),
p. 33.

schwingenschussi Acron. Zy. Eos 2, p. 358. *
schwingenschussi Antit. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3 (1937),
p. 257.

schwingenschussi Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1936), p. 94.
schwingenschussi Eux. Cti. Schweiz. Ent. Anz. 5, Nr. 12
(1926), p. 3.

schwingenschussi Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,

p. 106. *

schwingenschussi Bhynch. Wyn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 7 (1913),
p. 3.

scitula Bhynch. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 4, p. 359.
scoriatula Bry. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919 (Sep.), p. 64. *
scortea Con. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 288. *
scortum Morm. Christ. Iris 6 (1893), in 94.
scotacra Agr. Fit. Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. BBSS. 1927, p. 239.
scotaea Apl. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 108.
scotiae Pall. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 155.
scotoptera Ath. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 47. *
scotorrhiza Clyt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 13, (1913), p. 290. *
scotti Hel. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 5, N. 65, p. 44. *
scrophularivora Cue. Gn. Noctuid. 2, p. 130.
scropulana Anom. Mcrr. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 17, p. 165.
scruposa Bhy. Drt. Entomol. Bundschau 1936, p. 468. *
sculpta Aleuc. Pglr. Iris 16, p. 292. *
scurrilis Eux. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 268. *
secreta Agr. Cti., Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 60. *
securifera Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 69. *
seditiosa Eux. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 82.
segetis Agr. I/bn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
seil'ersi Hyph. Rngn. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1930, p. 73. *
seileri Apor. Fuchs Stett. Ent. Ztg. 61 (1901), p. 128.
selenis Arsil. Schtz. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1930), p. 169.
selenitaenia Oph. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 18.
selinoides Bhy. Rbb. Iris 26 (1912), p. 235.
semifusca Bomb. Peters. Lep. Fauna Estl. 1902, p. 174.
seniigrisea Osth. Ware. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 161.
serainigra Bomb. Cut. Noct. 1, p. 121. *
semirufa Parast. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 170.
semota Anom. Cti. Schweiz. Ent. Anzeiger Nr. 6 (1925), p. (2).
senescens Anom. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1881, p. 416.
senescens Caloph. Ev. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1856 II, p. 94.
senica Acron. Ev. Bull. Soc. Ent. Mosc. 2, pi. 3. *
senilis Anom. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 1.
seposita Leuc. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919, p. 86. *
seposita Pseud. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 45. *
septentrionalis Crino Hoffm. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1893, p. 128.
sericata lath. Cand. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 6 (1924), p. 44.
sericea Car. Zy. Yerh. Zool.-Bot. Cles. Wien 78 (p. 87).
sericea Pall. Car. Bull. Sect. Sci. Ac. Bourn. XV (1932), p. 4.
sericealis Biv. Scop. Ent. Carn. (1763), p. 242.
serratae Oxyc. Zy. Eos 3, p. 359. *
serraticornis Agr. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 274.
serratilinea Sid. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 11, p. 53. *
sesquilina Aleuc. Pglr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 51.
sheljuzhkoi Era. Sid. Ent. Anzeiger 4, p. 110.
shibuyae Crym. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 140. *
shibuyae Parast. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (1925), p. 138.
shugnana Phyt. Shelj. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 361.
siccanorum Onych. Stgr. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1870, p. 114.
sicula Harm. Drt. Entomol. Bundschau 1933, p. 305.
sicula Parast. Trti. Nat. Sitzungsber. 21 (1909), p. 89. *
sidemiensis Hyp. Kard. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17 (1928), p. 419. *
siderigera Ath. Chr. Iris 6 (1893), p. 90.
siepii Eux. Oberth. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 27.
siegenleldi Actin. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 56,
p. 239.

sigmago Cos. Daring Int. Ent. Ztschr. Gub. 28 (1934), p. 6. *
sigmata Eux. Kozh. Bev. Busse d’Ent. XXII (1928), p. 93.
signata Aren. S.-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 13.
signata Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 88.
signata Caloph. Costn. All. Soc. Nat. Mod. (1916) 3, p. 16.
signata Cos. Kruger Soc. Ent. 35 (1920), p. 14.
signata Bhy. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 35 (1932), p. 141.
Signata Speir. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 325. *

sjostedti Eux. Cti. Iris 43 (1929), p. 172. *
silesiaca Am. Schultz. Jahresber. Wien. Ent. Ver. 1905, p. 33.
sil vestrii Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63 (1924), p. 62. *
simplex Syngr. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 43.
simplex Eux. Trti. & Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. -Ital. 43 (1911),
p. 178.

simulatricula Bry. Gn. Noctuid. 1, p. 26. *

sincera Sim. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 403.

sinens Thai. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 11. p. 746.

sirigularis Hyph. Btlr. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 80.

sinuosa Eut. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1881. p. 375. *

sitiens Tharg. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 39. *

snelleni Sid. Stgr. Bom. M6m. Lep. 6, p. 459. *

sobria Am. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 71 (1921), p. (157).

socors Bhy. Cti. Schweiz. Ent. Anz. 1925, Nr. 11.

sogdiana Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 92.

sohn-retheli Aren. Pglr. Iris 19 (1907), p. 222. *

sohn-retheli Pall. Drt. Entomol. Bundschau 50, p. 96.

Solaris Tar. Schiff. Wien. Verz., p. 90.
soldana Parast. Noack Int. Ent. Ztschr. 19 (1926), p. 280.
solida Bhv. Ersch. Fedtsch. Beise, p. 40. *
solimani Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 268. *
sollertina Bhy. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3
(1933), p. 67. *

soltowensis Acron. Schtz. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1930), p. 185.
sordida Bry. Stgr. Iris 12 (1899), p. 358.
sordida Lith. Hann. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 10 (1917), p. 146.
sordida Parast. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 166.
sordidula Atra. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 154.
soudanensis Ath. Hmps. Nov. Zool. 25 (1918), p. 145.
sounkeana Aren. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 116. *
spadicea grisea Con. Obth. Culot Noct. 2 (1914/17), p. 13. *
spalleki Ath. Kitt. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 67 (p. 138).
sparganoides Arch. O. B.-H. Hor. Macrolep. I (1927), p. 87. *
sparsa Corg. Wkr. Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 7, p. 187.
sparsa Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 40. *
spatzi Anum. Rothsch. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8/16 (1915). p. 257.
spinosa Crino Christ. Bom. Mem. Lep. 1, p. 119.
spirogramma Eubl. Rbl. Iris 26 (1912), p. 68.
splendida Ath. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. I (1927), p. 86. *

splendida Bry. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. 1, p. 84. *

splendida Crym. Reiss. Entomol. Bundschau 1935, p. 62. *
splendida Eux. Trti. & Vrty. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 43 (1911),
p. 178.

splendida Phyt. Rngn. Entomol. Bundschau 1935, p. 22. *
splendida Sim. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 245.
splendidior Phyt. Fdz. Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. N. 15, p. 598.

sponsoides Catoc. Closs Int. Ent. Ztschr. 2 (1918), p. 34.

spormanni Non. Hcyd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 19 (1926), p. 358.
spuleri Pol. Wnuk. Zoolog. Anzeiger 83, p. 224.
squalidalis Zancl. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 398.
squalidiformis Bhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 69.*
squamosa Bry. Schwing. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 42 (1936),
p. 56.

srdinkoana Eri. Joukl Cas. Ceske Spol. Ent. 1908, p. 96.
stabilita Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep. 3 (1932), p. 48. *
standfussi Parast. Trti. Nat. Sitzungsber. 20 (1907), p. 27. *
stattermayeri Arch. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 285.

[ stauderi Harm. Schaw. Iris 35 (1912), p. 119.

! staudingeri Harm. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1931), p. 479.

J staudingeri Morm. Beut. Bull. Amer. Mus. 23 (1907), p. 151.

| stellans Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 57. *
stempfleri Caloph. Brs. Encycl. Ent. B. (Lep.) 1, p. 109. *
stenoptera Harm. Rbl. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 18 (1933),
p. 23.

stepliensii Eux. Heyd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1933), p. 246. *
stereotypa Las. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 3 (1), p. 76.
sternecki Catoc. J Ike. Jahresb. Wien. Ent. Ver. 21, p. 94.
stertzi XJlotr. Pglr. Iris 19* (1906), p. 225. *
stigmata Tox. Wil. Trans. Ent, Soc. Lond. 1911. p. 248. *
stigmatica Caloph. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 20 (1929). p. 125.
stigmatula Bhy. Htg. Entomol. Bundschau 1934, p. 45.
stigmosa Scot. Christ. Bom. Mem. Lep. 3, p. 70. *
storthynx Ephes. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 26.
stotzneri Bhy. Cti. Ent. Mitteil. 17 (1928), p. 56.
straminea Ath. Zy. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 19 (1934), p. 36. *
straminea Bhy. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 21 (1914), p. 318.
straminea Sid. Tr. Schmett. Europas 5, p. 297.
strenua Agr. Cti. Soc. Ent. 1926, Nr. 4, p. 15.
striata Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 15. *
striata Bry. Stgr. Hor. Ent. Boss. 14, p. 366.
striata Olig. Schtz. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 419.
striata Polyd. Herz Ann. Mus. Petersb. 9 (1904), p. 303.
striata Porph. Cid. Noct. 2, p. 156. *

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

299

strigata Rliiz. Rbl.-Berge Schmett. 1910, p. 226.
strigata Rhy. like. Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 60 (1910), p. 410.
strigilis Ol. L. Syst. Nat. Ed. X, p. 516.
strigosa Agr. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gescli. 25 (1903), p. 10.
strigosa Arch. Stgr. Rom. Mem. Lep. 6, p. 468.
strigula Bry. (Gn. ) Dup. L6p. Franc. 6, p. 215. *
strobilacei Disc. Dumont Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1925, p. 331.
struvei Parast. Ragusa Nat. Sizil. IV (1885), p. 274. *
struvei excessa Parast. Turn. Ent. Rec. 44 (1932), p. 228
(Sep.).

stupenda Antit. Wgn. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 64 (p. 55). *
styriaca Antit. Hoffm. Entomol. Rundschau 28 (1911), p. 182.
stygia Catepli. Hmps. New gen. & spec. Noct., p. 59.
suavis Eryth. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888. p. 44.
suavis Rhy. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 27 (1920), p. 16.
subaffineola Cal. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 164.
subalba Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 51. *
subalbida Caloph. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun. (I), p. 213.
subalpica Teles. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40, p. 16.
subalpina Agr. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 139.
subanalis Ent. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 74.
subargentea Rad. Car. Iris 40 (1926), p. 165.
subcanescens Rhy. Cti., Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 75. *
subconspicua Eux. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 13.
subdita Ath. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 151.
subdissoluta Agr. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1930), p. 474.
subdistinguenda Eux. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929),
p. 85.

subdistinguenda Eux. Cti. Schweiz. Ent. Anz., (Nr. 12) 1926.
subdolens Rhy. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 181.
subflava Cos. Ev. Bull. Moscou 1848, p. 219.
subfusca Aut. Christ. Iris 6 (1893), p. 94.
subgotbica Eux. Haw. Lep. Brit., p. 224, 1803 — 29.
subgrisea Bry. Trnr. Ent. Rec. Suppl. Brit. Noct. 1926, p. 37.
sublata Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 31. *
sublima Anorn. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. 3 (1925), p. 73.
sublimbata Bleph. Pglr. Iris 12 (1899), p. 294. *
subliterata Bry. Fit. Abb. Pamir-Exped. Leningrad 1928,
8, p. 156. *'

sublutea Antit. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21 (1909), p. 92. *
submarginata Bleph. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolep. I (1927), p. 86.*
subochracea Rby. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 75. *
subplumbeola Oed. Cut. Noct. 1 (1909—13), p. 125. *
subpurpurea Acron. Mats. Insect. Matsumur. 1, p. 2. *
subrosea Sid. Mats. Insect. Matsumur. 1, p. 60. *
subrubra Ajr. DM. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 106.
subrubra Rhy. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 122.
subrufa Hydr. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1930, p. 195.
subrufescens Lept. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 20.
subsqualorum Agr. Kozh. Rev. Russe Ent. 24 (1930), p. 14.
subterminalis Simpl. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 317.
subumbrosa Erch. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 72.
subuniformis Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 69. *
subvaria Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 40. *
subvenusta Antit. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 194.
subviolacea Harm. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 136. *
subviridis Trach. Btlr. Ill. Typ. Lep. Het. Br. M. 2, p. 63. *
subvittata Rhy. Cti. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17 (1928), p. 56. *
suffumata Ol. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3 (1911), p. 172.
suffusa Acron. Splr. Schmett. Europ. 1, p. 138.
suffusa Acron. Tutt Entomologist 1888, p. 50.
suffusa Agr. simpl. Hoffm. Schmett. Steierm. 2 (1915), p. 363.
suffusa Bomb. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 122. *
suffusa Catoc. Gillm. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1909, p. 282.
suffusa Cos. Tutt Brit. Noct. 3, p. 14.
suffusa Ephes. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 47 (1933), p. 26.
suffusa Eux. Fdz. Bob Soc. ent. Esp. 1918, p. 160.
suffusa Hyp. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 15.
sugitanii Cal. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 58. *
sugitanii Perig. Mats. Insect. Matsum., p. 10. *
suhriana Acron. Gillm. Entom. Rec. 19 (1907), p. 91.
suigensis Acron. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 4. *
sulcifera Eux. Christ. Iris 6 (1893), p. 91.
sulphuralis Era. L. System. Naturwiss. (XII), p. 881.
sulphurea Era. Schiff. Wien. Verz., p. 93.
sulphurescens An. Heyd. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22 (1929), p. 427. *
sultana Catoc. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 42. *
sulzeri Arch. Vorhr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. 13, p. 188.
superba Oed. Rothsch. Nov. Zool. 21 (1914), p. 336.
superba Parast. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 65 (1926), p. 39. *
superba Rhy. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 39.
supermissa Parast. Spul. Schmett. Europ. I (1905), p. 194.
suppuncta Porph. Stgr. Iris 4 (1891), p.' 319.
surchica Ath. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 430.

surcoufi Anum. Dum. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1920, p. 278.
sureyae Agr. Rbl. Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien 46 (1933), p. 5. *
suspicax Rhy. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 69. *
sutschana Pan. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 199. *
sutchanica Dysm. Fil. Ann. Mus. Zool. URSS. 1927, p. 254.
suzukii Aren. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 2, p. 60. *
suzukii Col. Mats. Insect. Matsum. 1, p. 1. *
suzukii Ephes. Mats. Thous. Insect., Suppl. 3, p. 91. *
symphona Porph. Prt. Bull. Hill-Museum 2, p. 34.
synesia Agr. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 74. *
syrdaja Clyt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 13, p. 293. *
syriaca Amph. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 73.
syriaca Ath. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 69.
syriaca Harm. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 1933, p. 47.

I syriaca Morm. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 93.
syriaca Parast. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 70.
syriaca Sid. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 50.
syriaca Val. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 60.
syricola Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 52. *

] syriensis Bry. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 11, p. 156.
syriensis Pach. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 29.
syrtana Cue. Mab. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, p. 51.
syrticola Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 56. *
syrticola Ear. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 65, p. 51. *
szechuena Catoc. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 12, p. 86. *
szetschwana Pol. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 302.
szetschwanensis Nagad. Draes. Iris 42 (1928), p. 318.

taeniata Mon. Lenz Osth. Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 312. *
takamukui Rhy. Mats. Ins. Mats. I, Vol. 1, p. 7.
tamanuki Anom. Mats. Journ. Coll. Agr. 15 (III), p. 130. *
tamsi Hypena Fil. Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Sci. URSS. 1927,
p. 258.

tanaica Ars. Alph. Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 1908, p. 588.
tancrei Agr. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 18 (1926), p. 15.
tangens Mon. Heinr. Dtsch. Entom. Ztsch. 1966, p. 518.
tauitalis Riv. Rbl. Iris 26 (1912), p. 70. *
tapestrina Catoc. Mr. Lepid. Atkins., p. 166. *
tarassota Phyt. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 13, p. 473. *
tarda Lept. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 65 (1926), p. 50. *
tardenota Pall. Joan. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 94 (1925), p. 33.
tatsienluica Bry. Oberth. Et. Lep. Comp. 16, p. 10. *
taurica Acron. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Pal. 1901, p. 132.
taurica Aren. Stgr. Iris 12 (1899), p. 374.
taurica Dryob. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 60.
taurica Phyt. Osth. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 23 (1933), p. 97.
tauricola Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 56.
taurus Hadj. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 162.
taylori Card. Rothsch. Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 28 (1921),
Nr. 1.

tecca Cue. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 96.
tellieri Pseud. Luc. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1907, p. 196.
temera Eux. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett., Fig. 393. *
tenebi'icorsa Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. $ (1929)
(ETirSep-)-

tenera Ath. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 155. *
tenera Caloph. Hbn. Smlg. Eur. Schmett. Noct. *
tenuialis Zancl. Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 1899, p. 168. *
tephrochrysea Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,

p. 106. *

teriolensis Derth. Hrtg. Entomol. Rundschau 41, p. 45.

teriolensis Pol. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 7.

terlana Eri. DM. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 11.

terminalis Rhy. <9trd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 1915, A. 12, p. 145.

terminicincta Agr. Cti. Iris 47 (1933), p. 70.

terrea Olig. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3 (1911), p. 172. *

terrestris Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 27. *

tersa Derth. Schiff. Wien. Verz., p. 312.

tersina Derth. Stgr. Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun. I, p. 95.

tescorum Cue. Pglr. Iris 21 (1908), p. 290.

testacea Brach. Hrch. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 516.

teukyrana Omph. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 86. *

thamanaea Bry. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 7, p. 642. *

thecaphaga Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 253. *

theryi Eux. le C. Bull. Mus. Paris (2) 4 (1932). p. 511.

thibetica Omo. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 47.

, thomsoni Catoc. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepidopt. 1, p. 88.
thunbergi Ath. Nordstr. Ent. Tidskr. 54 (1933), p. 255.
tibetana Eux. Mr. Ami. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 1, p. 233.
tiberina Pall. Sohn-R. Iris 43 (1929), p. 11. *
tibetensis Eupl. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 19, p. 27.
tibetica Bry. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 156.
tibetica Eur. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 88. *
tiburtina Sid. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21, p. 101.

300

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

tiefi Apl. Pglr. Iris 28 (1914), p. 38. *

tiena Acron. Pglr. Iris 19 (1906), p. 216. *

tigrina Opli. F. Spec. Ins. 2, p. 218.

timandra Dier. Alph. Roman. Mem. L£p., p. 179. *

timberia Cue. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 50 (1933), p. 159.

tiraida Parast. Sigr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 26.

tischendorffi Agr. Pglr. Iris 39 (1925), p. 231.

titania Tar. Frr. Neuer. Beytr. 6, p. 84.

titschacki Eux. Cti. Iris 43 (1929), p. 171. *

tjurana Arsil. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 457. *

tokionis Agr. Btlr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881, p. 178.

topsenti Props. Oberth. Ltp. Comp. 18 (2), p. 20. *

torva Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 75. *

tosca Cue. O. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 159. *

tosta Tim. Mr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1888, p.-411.

Ira beat a Era. Serb. Beitr. Insektengesch. , p. 153. *
trachycornis Porpli. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 84, A. 12, p. 115.
traegeri Gort. Dub.-R. Ztschr. wiss. Ins. -Biol. 26 (1931), p. 39.
tragica Agr. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 60. *
transcaspica Eux. Kozh. Rev. Russe Ent. 22 (1928), p. 92.
transiens Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 471. *
transversa Bry. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 15. *
transversa Derth. Wgnr. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 25 (1931), p. 367.
transversalis Aneu. Trti. & Kriig. Mem. Soc. ent. ital. 85
(1936), p. 68.

trapezinula Cal. Fil. Ann. Mus. Zool. URSS. 1927, p. 252. *
trapezoidalis Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 57. *
traversii Oph. Fered. Trans. New-Zeal. Inst. 9, p. 457. *
travunia Agr. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1912, p. 140.
triangulata Gramm. Swh. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 414. *
triangulum Far. Costa Atti Acad. Napoli 9 (II), p. 39.
tricuspis Cer. Esp. Schmett. Abbild. Natur III. *
trilinea Bryol. B.-Bak. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1894, p. 41.
trimacula Derth. Schiff Wien. Verz., p. 59.
trimacula Symp. Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 22. *
tripolensis Am. Hmps. Aim. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 13 (1914),
p. 148.

tripuncta Apor. Frr. Neu. Beitr., Taf. 526. *

triquetra Oph. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 13 (1919), p. 158. *

trisignata Tar. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 12, p. 794.

trisignata Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 54. *

tristis Ars. B.-Haas Iris 20, p. 70.

tristis Chlor. Std. Entomol. Anzeiger 3 (1923), p. 44.

tristis Cue. Brs. (= amoena Stgr.l) Iris XII (1899), p. 379. *

tristis Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1934, p. 58.

tricristata Val. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 141.

troni Cran. Huene Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 56 (1901), p. 310.

tropica Tar. Gn. Noct. 2, p. 217.

tscliiliensis Catoc. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 89. *
tumulorum Heter. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 17. *
tundrana Anom. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 139.
tunkinski Pol. O. B.-H. Hor. Macrolep. I (1927), p. 88. *
tunkuna Ath. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 177. *
turanica Acron. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 65.
turatii Agr. Stndfs. Iris 1 (1888), p. 216. *
turatii Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Pr. 1936, p. 90.
turatii Hydr. Costn. Ent. Ztschr. 27 (1913), p. 123. *
turatii Leuc. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Yer. 16 (1931), p. 17.
turatii Stilb. Lac. Bull Soc. Ent. Fr. 1910, p. 272.
turbata Pangr. Kard. Entom. Mitteil. Dahlem 17, p. 421. *
turbeti Rhy. le C. Bull. Mus. Paris (2) 4 (1932), p. 513.
turcorum Arm. Zy. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 65 (p. 223). *
turonica Euer. Cid. Noct., p. 6, f. 6. *
typlioea Orth. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21, p. 89. *
tyrannus Agr. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 141.

ulicis Ena. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1859, p. 214.
ulrici Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 79. *
umbrata Cos. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 520.
umbrata Pall. Herz Finn. Vet. Acad., p. 8.
umbrata Rhy. Schtz. Soc. Ent. 22 (1908), p. 185.
umbratilis Agr. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 4 (1919), p. 11.
umbratilis Ath. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 50 (1933), p. 186.*
umbrifera Sten. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 10, p. 445. *
umbrosa Col. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 243. *
umbrosa Tar. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 88. *
umbrosaua Erch. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 72.
umbrosissima Col. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 191 9, Sep. p. 63.
umovii Bry. Ev. Bull. Moscou 3 (1846), p. 85. *
uuamunoi Eux. Fds. Relig. y Cultura 1925, p. 215.
uncarpa Eux. Kozh. Ann. Mus. Zool. URSS. 30 (1929), p. 188.
unculata Era. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40, p. 15.
unicolor Agr. Pill. Rov. Lapok 16 (1909), p. 185.
unicolor Aren. Warr. Novit. Zoolog. 21, p. 404.

unicolor Bry. Rothsch. Novit. Zoolog. 27, p. 3.
unicolor Bry. Splr. Schmett. Europ. 1, p. 180.
unicolor Cal. Stgr. Rom. Mdm. Lep. 6, p. 502.
unicolor Con. Luc. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 79 (1911), p. 482.
unicolor Derth. Dup. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 4 (1835), p. 193. *
unicolor Ol. Tutt Brit. Noct. I (1891), p. 99.
unicolor Parast. Heinr. D. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 515.
unicolor Polia Rngn. Entomol. Rundschau 1935, p. 233.
unicolor Spud. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 519.
unicolora Rhy. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. 3 (1925), p. 73.
unicolor-brunnea Parast. Wgnr. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 12
(1922), p. 39.

unicolor-nigra Parast. Wgnr. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 12 (1922),
p. 39.

uniformis Am. Spul. Schmett. I (1910), p. 249.
uniformis Cateph. A. B.-H. Iris 24 (1910), p. 41.
uniformis Col. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 1919, Sep. p. 63.
uniformis Eustr. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 207. *
uniformis Eux. Strd. Arch. Nat. Gesch. 81, A. 12 (1915), p. 144.
uniformis Hydr. Dum. Encycl. Ent. B. Lepid. 1, p. 72.
unimacula Mesotr. Schwinq. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 69.
p. 141.

unimaculata Agr. Mast. Polsk Pismo 2, p. 130. *
unimaculata Pall. Silb. Ent. Ztschr. 44 (1930), p. 118.
unimaculata Perig. Scliwing. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 68,
(p. 150).

unipuncta Eups. Scriba Entomol. Rundschau 36 (1919), p. 44.*
unipuncta Hyph. Haw. Lep. Brit. (1809), p. 174.
unipuncta Myth. Kief. KrancherEnt. Jahrb. 25 (1916), p. 134.
uralensis Catoc. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 64.
uralensis Eux. Cti. Iris 1926, p. 193.
uralensis Sid. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 155.
urumovi Harm. Dren. Mitt, bulga. Ent. Ges. VI (1931), p. 57.
ussurica Oxyt. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 73 (p. 89).
ussuriensis Ap. Pet. Hor. Ent. Ross. 41, p. 14.
ussuriensis Bleph. Slielj. Neue Beitr. Syst. Insekt. 1, p. 132.
ussuriensis Col. Kard. Ent. Mitt. Dahlem 17, p. 418. *
ussuriensis Panth. Warn. Neue Beitr. syst. Insekt. -K 1, p. 32.
usurpatrix Crino Rbl. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1914 (p. 151).
uxor Catoc. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. II 3, Noct. *

vaccinoides Con. Obth. Lep. Comp. 1 (1904), p. 64.
vacillans Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 69. *
vadosa Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3 (1933).

p. 68. *

valdepallida Plus. Strd. Arch. Naturg. 82, A. 2, p. 48.
vallantini Catoc. Oberth. Et. d'Ent. 19, p. 36. *
vanensis Eux. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 243. *
variabile Dasyst. Stertz Iris 29 (1915), p. 128. *
variegata Acron. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11. p. 157.
variegata Agr. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 416.
variegata Crino Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 14 (1929),
p. 107.

variegata Crym. Whli. Mitt. Ent. Ver. Basel 11 (1919), p. 2.
variegata Das. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 21 (1909), p. 95. *
variegata Erch. Warr. Seitz, Macrolep. 3, p. 335.
variegata Eux. Wgn. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 1913, Nr. 1, p. 4.
variegata Harm. Wgn. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19 (1929), p. 75.
variegata Laph. Dhl. Mitt. Miinch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 113.
variegata Pol. Vorbr. Mitt. Schweiz. Ges. 12 (1917), p. 457.
variegata Spud. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 188 a.
variegata Triph. Lens Osth. Schmett. Sud-Bay. 2, p. 234. *
variegatula Bry. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. 63, p. 55. *
veruta Anom. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,

p. 86. *

vassilininei Haem. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 161. *
vassilinini Disc. O. B.-H. Horae Macrolepid. 1, p. 85. *
vecors Cham. Pglr. Soc. Ent. 19, 1914.
vectis Rliiz. Curt. Brit. Entomol. (1825), p. 459.
velifera Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 70. *
velocissima Lep. Trti. Atti Soc. Ital. S. N. 65, p. 48. *
venosa Agr. Kozh. Rev. Russe Ent. 24, p. 16.
vernalis Acron. Frings Soc. Ent. 20 (1905), p. 73.
veronicae Con. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
versicolor Cleoph. Stgr. Stgr. -Rbl. Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun. 1901 (I)
p. 214.

versicolor Ol. Bkh. Syst. Beschr. Europ. Schmett. IV (1792),

p. 188.

versuta Agr. Pglr. Iris (1908), p. 287. *
vespertalis Aut. Stgr. Iris 9 (1896), p. 270.
verspertilio Apl. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 109. *
vesperugo Apl. Ev. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 1856, p. 48. *
vestalis Catoc. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
vestilina Rhy. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 67. *

List of the Palaearctic Noctuae.

301

vcterina Parast. Led. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 1853, p. 370. *
vexiiliger Pyrrh. Chr. Iris 6 (1893), p. 92.
viburni Cran. Dili. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925), p. 120.
vicaria Crym. Pglr. Iris 15 (1903), p. 152. *
vicina Agr. Cti. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. XX, I (1930), p. 16.
vicina Crino Alph. Hor. Ent. Ross. 17, p. 67.
vicina Cue. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 158. *
victiuncula O l. Heydem. Ent. Ztschr. 46 (1932), p. 80. *
vilis Bry. Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal. 7, p. 632. *
viiis Cort. Wkr. List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus. 33, p. 889.
villiersi Eux. Gn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1837, p. 173. *
vilpiana Ephes. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 40 (1926), p. 374.
vinirufa Eux. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 460. *
vinnula Eubl. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 324.
vinosa Cer. Oberth. Lep. Comp. 16 (1908), p. 106.
vinosa Eux. Scliaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 15 (1930), No. 1
bis 3.

violacea Mon. Car. Ac. Rom. Mem. Sect. Stiint. Ill, Bd. 7
(1931), p. 45.

violascens Agr. Heydem. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 22 (1929), p. 430.
violetta Rhy. Schaw. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 28 (1934), p. 426.
virata Sid. Costn. Atti Soc. Nat. Modena (5) 3, p. 15.
virescens Bry. Dhl. Mitt. Munch. Ent. Ges. 19, p. 107.
virescens Rhy. kerrn. Trti. Atti Soc. Ent. Ital. 41 (1913),
p. 294.

virgata Agr. ciner. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1892, p. 1892.
virgata Hyp. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1926), p. 176.
virgata Lith. Tutt Brit. Noct. 1. p. 100.
virgata Mon. Lenz Schmett. Siid-Bay. 2, p. 316. *
virginalis Cocc. Bay. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 55, p. 22.
virginalis Porph. Oberth. Et. d’Ent. 6 (1881), p. 90. *
viridescens Aplect. Trti. Natur. Sicil. 1919, p. 70. *
viridinota Eut. Swh. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1895, p. 52.
viridior Bry. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 17 (1932),
p. 30.

viridior Eur. Splr. Schmett. Europ. 1, p. 164.
virilis Eubl. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82. A. 2, p. 32.
viromelas Agri. Slev. Societ. Entomol. 23 (1908), p. 74.
vittata Eur. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1916, p. 514. *
vixsignata Rhy. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 15 (1930),
No. 1—3.

v-notata Syngr. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 2, p. 47.
volandi Xyl. Phil. Ent. Ztschr. 31, p. 103. *
volcanica Catoc. Btlr. Cistulae Entomol. 2, p. 244.
vollmeri Ath. Schtz. Int. Ent. Ztschr. 24 (1930), p. 167.
volmeri Caloph. Her. Mitteil. Dtsch. Ent. Ges. 1 (1930), p. 12.*
vorbrodti Myth. Wrli. Verh. Ent. Ges. Basel 28 (1917), p. 241.
v-parvum Rad. Kozh. Jahrb. Martjan. Min. 1 (1), p. 41.
vulcanica Harm. Trti. Natural. Sicil. 20 (Sep.), p. 24. *
vulpecnla Rhy. Wgn. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 8 (1923), p. 68.
vuipina Catas. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1888, p. 18.
vulpina Rhy. Mr. Lep. Atk. (1882), p. 118.
vulturinea Crino H.-Schdff. Europ. Schmett. Noctuae. *

wagneri Agr. rip. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,
p. 50. *

wagneri Eux. Cti. Schweiz. Ent. Anz. 12 (1926), p. 3.
wagneri Orth. Brs. Int. Ent. Ztschr. Guben 29 (1935), p. 220.*
walkeri Tyana Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 82, A. 1, p. 88.
waltharii Eux. Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 25. *
warneckei Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 91.
warpachowskii Acron. Krul. Societ. Entomol. 23 (1908), p. 123.
wautersi Col. Dujr. Rev. Namur 25 (1925), p. 31.
wehrlii Agr. Vorbr. Schmett. Schweiz 2 (1914), p. 622.
wehrlii Harm. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1934, p. 89. *

weissi Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 104. *
weissi Pol. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 101. *
weissi Rhynch. du Bois Ztschr. wiss. Ins. -Biol. 19, p. 96.
westermanni Eux. Stgr. Stett. Ent. Ztg. 1857, p. 303.
weymeri Col. Hold Int. Ent. Ztschr. 3, p. 240. *
wichgrafi Agr. Cti. & Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,
p. 54. *

wiltshirei Agr. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, S. 224, Nr. 12.
wiltshirei Amath. Byt.-S. Ent. Record 1937, Sep. p. (4).
wiltshirei Arch. Byt.-S. Ent. Record 1937, Sep. p. (4).
wiltshirei Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 92.
wollastoni Chut. B.-Bak. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 208.
wollastoni Cryps. Bothsch. Nov. Zool. 8 (1901), p. 432.
wredowi Cue. Costa Faun. Reg. Nap. Lep. 5, p. 23. *
wullschlegeli Ath. Pglr. Societ. Entomolog. 17, p. 145.

xantha Agri. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 59 (p. 327).
xantheago Cos. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. 71 (1921), p. (157).
xanthomista Acron. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 13.*
xanthophaea Catoc. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 10, p. 47.
xanthophila Eux. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 1928, p. 113.
xanthophoba Harm. Schaw. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 71,
p. 154.

xanthorlioda Ath. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 437.
xanthostaxis Rhy. Dhl. Ent. Ztschr. 39 (1925). p. 113.
xanthostigma Parast. Schaw. Ztschr. osterr. Ent. Ver. 17
(1932), p. 30.

xanthosufiusa Polyph. Fdz. Eos 7 (1931), p. 214.
xerampelina Ath. Hbn. Smlg. Europ. Schmett. Noct. *
xeranthemi Cue. Bsd. Ind. Method., p. 193.
x-notata Pall. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 50, p. 96.
x-signata Acron. Stgr. Iris 10 (1897), p. 329.
xylinoides Parast. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 148.
xylopliaha Cue. Brs. Rev. Franij. d’Entomol. I (1934), p. 144.*

yarkenda Eux. (A. B.-H. i. 1.) Cti. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3,
p. 36.

yarkenda Isochl. A. B.-H. Iris 26 (1912), p. 160.
yatsugodakeana Anom. Mats. Insect. Matsumur. 1, p. 8. *
yemenensis Tar. Hmps. Novit. Zoolog. 25, p. 189.
yezonis Ephes. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 79, A. 8, p. 65.
yokohama Gerb. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 154.
yosliinalis Hypen. Wil. & W. Entom. Record 41 (1929), p. 49.
yoshinoensis Corg. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 228.
yoshinoensis Trach. Wil. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1911, p. 207.*
youngi Cleoph. Bothsch. Bull. Soc. Maroc 5, p. 143.
ypsilon Agr. Bolt. Naturforsch. 9 (1776), p. 141.
yunnana Ephes. Melt Iris 50 (1936), p. 85.
yunnanensis Catoc. Mell Iris 50 (1936), p. 65.

zerfii Polia Durn. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1922, p. 275.
zerkowitzi Cue. Brs. Rev. Fran<j. d’Entomol. I (1934), S. 144.*
zermattensis Scot. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 96.
zermattica Ath. Strd. Arch. Naturgesch. 81, A. 11, p. 160.
zernyi Agr. Cti. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. XV (1931), p. 42.
zernyi Aren. Schwing. Mhm. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 42 (1935),
p. 59.

zernyi Ath. Brs. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1936, p. 87.
zernyi Harm. Drt. Seitz, Macrolep., Suppl. 3, p. 107. *
zernyi Porph. Agenjo Bol. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat. XXXIII
(1933), p. 312. *

zetina Had. Stgr. Iris 12 (1899), p. 342.
zobeidah Ath. Brs. Entomol. Rundschau 1937, p. 431.
zobeli Bry. Heinr. Dtsch. Ent. Ztschr. 1923 (Beih.), p. 79.
zukowskyi Agr. Drt. Entomol. Rundschau 1936, p. 466. *

302

Alphabetical List of new Names.

List

of new species, varieties and names in Supplementary Volume 3.

abruzzensis (Harmodia caesia) Drt. 105.

abruzzensis (Rhyacia margaritacea) Drt. 64.

achyricola (Euxoa) Cti. 32.

adolfi (Agrotis) Drt. 50.

adornata (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 82.

aequalis (Bryoph. galathea) Drt. 18.

affinis (Chamyla) Drt. 200.

albescens (Eustrotia olivana) Drt. 207.

albibasis (Rhynchaglaea scitula) Drt. 148.

albiceps (Bryopliila) Drt. 17.

alexandra (Rhyacia alaina) Cti. & Drt. 67.

algirica (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. IS.

aksuana (Cucullia santonici) Drt. 122.

amasina (Bryoph. muralis) Drt. 19.

amatoria (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 86.

amplexa (Euxoa) Cti. 25.

amurensis (Brachion. nubeculosa) Drt. 134.

ainseli (Autophila) Drt. 226.

apennina (Acron. euphorbiae) Drt. 13.

apocrypha (Euxoa) Cti. 37.

argute (Rhyacia lucernea) Cti. & Drt. 11.

arida (Rhyacia) Cti. <fc Drt. 76.

arschanica (Rhyacia plumbea) Drt. 68.

atlantis (Harmodia caesia) Drt. 105.

atra (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 47.

atra (Amathes haematidea) Drt. 151.

banghaasi (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 86.
barbara (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 70.
batnana (Acronycta psi) Drt. 10.
belgica (Acronycta cuspis) Drt. 10.
biscajana (Euxoa) Cti. 41.
brassicina (Scotogramma) Drt. 98.
brunneitincta (Agrot. vallesiaca) Cti. & Drt. 58.
brunneopicta (Agrotis flavina) Cti. 52.
burgeffi (Bryopliila) Drt. 19.

cailinita (Harmodia) Drt. 105.
centralis (Bryoph. maeonis) Drt. 19.
chingana (Acronycta) Drt. 8.
cinescens (Pulcheria) Drt. 172.
clarior (Aleucanitis cailino) Drt. 230.
colluta (Dasysternum) Drt. 147.
colorata (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 87.
complicate (Euxoa) Cti. 41.

constabilis (Monima) Drt. 116.
corporea (Euxoa) Cti. 26.

dalmatica (Epimecia ustula) Drt. 173.
damnata (Rhyacia) Drt. 249.
dannehli (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. lb.
decolor (Aporophyla lutulenta) Drt. 136.
derasa (Euxoa) Cti. 35.
despecta (Agrotis) Drt. 59.
desiderata (Rhyacia ) Cti. & Drt. 86.
determinate (Euxoa) Cti. 41.
disparata (Rhyacia festiva) Cti. & Drt. IS.
distracta (Euxoa) Cti. 39.

| divulsa (Euxoa) Cti. 40.
dominans (Rhyacia) Cti. dfc Drt. 73.
dormitans (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 67.
ductana (Perigrapha) Drt. 114.
dufranei (Bryoph. perla) Drt. 19.

egestosa (Porphyrinia noctualis) Drt. 203.
elbursalis (Zanclostathme) Drt. 279.
elbursica (Rhyacia) Drt. 250.
erytliraea (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. IQ.
expressa (Hadula) Drt. 113.

| expugnata (Euxoa) Cti. 42.

fannyi (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. lb.
filipjcvi (Harmodia) Drt. 107
flacca (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 69.
flavida (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 71.
flavofasciata (Harmodia magnolii) Drt. 106.
flavogrisea (Euxoa) Cti. 37.
fulvescens (Cosmia fulvago) Drt. 153.
l'umea (Eurois occulta) Drt. 88.
funeraria (Eustrotia olivana) Drt. 207.
funerea (Harmodia duercki) Drt. 104.
tu sea (Agrotis obesa) Cti. <£■ Drt. 46.

glaux (Dasysternum) Drt. 147.
gracilis (Oederemia) Drt. 21.

hampsoni (Bryopliila) Drt. 17.
helenae (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 86.
henrici (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. lb.

| lierculea (Rhyacia flammatra) Cti. & Drt. 64.

Alphabetical List of new species, varieties and names.

30 3

herzioides (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 80.
hispanica (Agrotis agrotina) Cti. 57.
holophaea (Lithopliane) Drt. 137.
hyrcana (Agrotis forcipula) Cti. & Drt. 55.
hyrcana (Eux. basigramma) Cti. 37.

iliensis (Acronycta psi) Dri. 10.
imitata (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 56.
inermis (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 69.
inclusa (Euxoa) Cti. 29.
incognita (Sideritis) Drt. 120.
insulana (Eux. tritici) Cti. 33.
irkuta (Perigr. circumducta) Drt. 114

japonica (Panolis flammea) Drt. 199
justa (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 44.
justifica (Agrotis) Cti. &’ Drt. 45.

kalgana (Cranioph. pacifica) Drt. 14.
kansuensis (Enargia) Drt. 190.
koreana (Stilbina) Drt. 172.
korlana (Acron. euphorbiae) Drt. 13.
kotzschi (Euxoa) Drt. 268.
kozkantscliiknvi (Agrotis) Drt. 62.

lactiflora (Amathes) Drt. 151.
latebrosa (Euxoa) Cti. 32.
libanotica (Agrotis) Cti. &' Drt. 55.
livescens (Rhyacia cuprea) Drt. 81.
lobnorica (Cucullia biornata) Drt. 124.
lusitanica (Bryoph. algae) Drt. 18.

malchani (Aplecta) Drt. 108.
marasclii (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 61.
maraschi (Agrot. terminicincta) Cti.& Drt. 58
inaraschi (Parast. monoglypha) Drt. 157.
mauretanica (Athetis clavipalpis) Drt. 178.
mediobrunnescens (Bryoph. petraea) Drt. 15.
mediorufa (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 60.
melancholica (Athetis) Drt. 177.
mixta (Agrotis flavina) Cti. <£• Drt. 53.
multiplex (Heliothis) Drt. 200.
multisigna (Eux. subdistinguenda) Cti. 23.
inurtea (Rhyacea) Cti. & Drt. 76.
mustaga (Eux. mustelina) Cti. 37.
mutila (Rhyacea) Cti. & Drt. 76.

nevadensis (Harmodia caesia) Drt. 105.
nigra (Apopestes spectrum) Drt. 225.
nigrolineata (Agrotis eremicola) Cti. & Dri. 57.
nolens (Rhyacia) Cti. <£• Drt. 86.

obliqua (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 79.
obscurior (Agrotis forcipula) Cti. & Drt. 55.
obsoleta (Rhyacia Candida) Cti. & Drt. 67.
opportuna (Euxoa) Cti. 40.
osthelderi (Euxoa) Cti. 28.
ottomana (Acron. euphorbiae) Drt. 13.

pallescens (Perigr. circumducta) Drt. 114.
pallidior (Antitype deliciosa) Drt. 143.
pallidior (Bryoph. dolopis) Drt. 15.
paralia (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 67.
parnassicola (Autophila limbata) Drt. 225.
pelita (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 77.
perambulans (Euxoa) Cti. 24.

pescona (Rhyacia lucernea) Drt. 71.
pfeifferi (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 58.
pliaedriola (Acronycta) Drt. 8.
plumbina (Bryoph. miltophaea) Drt. 16.
postnigra (Aedophr. phlebophora) Drt. 263.
postrosea (Aedophroh phlebophora) Drt. 263.
praedicta (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 44.
praesaga (Euxoa) Cti. 37.
pretiosissima (Agrotis flavina) Cti. & Drt. 53
protecta (Bryophila) Drt. 17.
provincialis (Rhyacia dahlii) Cti. & Drt. 74.
pseudogothica (Eux. tritici) Cti. 33.
punctifera (Euxoa) Cti. 30.
puengeleri (Athetis selini) Drt. 176.
piingeleri (Bryoph. miltophaea) Drt. 16.
piingeleri (Polia glauca) Drt. 101.

quadrigera (Agrotis) Cti. A Drt. 48.
quassa (Euxoa) Cti. 27.

rabiosa (Eux. aquilina) Cti. 27.
ramosana (Bryoph. petraea) Drt. 15.
rangnowi (Euxoa) Cti. 34.
rasilis (Euxoa) Cti. 42.
reisseri (Eux. tritici) Cti. 33.
reisseri (Harmodia asiatica) Drt. 106.
rennenkampfi (Erythrophaia) Drt. 198.
robustior (Agrotis forcipula) Cti. & Drt. 55.
rubidior (Agrotis squalidior) Cti. & Drt. 58.

sajana (Brachionycha) Drt. 134.
sajana (Agrot. trifurcula) Cti. <fc Drt. 47.
salmonea (Harmodia caesia) Drt. 105.
salva (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 70.
saturata (Rhyacia renigera) Cti. & Drt. 65.
schwingenschussi (Antitype) Drt. 257.
schwingenschussi (Harmodia) Drt. 106.
scotaea (Aplecta) Drt. 108.
scurrilis (Euxoa) Drt. 268.
secret a (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 60.
solimana (Bryoph. galathea) Drt. 268.
sollertina (Rhyacia) Cti. A- Drt. 67.
sparsa (Euxoa) Cti. 40.
squalidiformis (Rhyacia), Cti. & Drt. 69.
stellans (Agrotis melanura) Cti. & Drt. 57.
striata (Bryoph. dolopis) Drt. 15.
subalba (Agrotis trux) Cti. & Drt. 51.
subcanescens (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 75.
sublata (Euxoa) Cti. 31.
subochracea (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 75.
subuniformis (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 69.
subvaria (Euxoa) Cti. 40.
suspicax (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 69.
sutschana (Panolis flammea) Drt. 199.
syricola (Agrotis puta) Cti. &' Drt. 52.

tauricola (Agrotis signifera) Cti. A Drt. 56.
terminicincta (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 58.
thecaphaga (Harmodia) Drt. 253.
tephrochrysea (Harmodia) Drt. 106.
terrestris (Euxoa) Cti. 27.
tibetica (Eurois occulta) Drt. 88.
torva (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 75.
tragica (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 60.
transversa (Bryoph. petraea) Drt. 15.
tricristata (Valeria) Drt. 141.
tunkuna (Athetis menetriesi) Drt. 177.

304

Alphabetical List of new species, varieties and names.

ulrici (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 79.
uniformis (Eustrotia olivana) Drt. 207.

vaeillans (Rhyacia) Cti.& Drt. 69
velita (Rhyacia) Cti. & Drt. 70.
venosa (Agrotis vallesiaca) Cti. & Drt. 58.
vernta (Rhyacia ) Cti. & Drt. 86.
vespertilio (Aplecta) Drt. 109.

wagneri (Agrotis ripae) Cti. <fr Drt. 50.

waltharii (Euxoa) Cti. 25.
weissi (Harmodia melanochroa) Drt. 104.
weissi (Polia serena) Drt. 101.
wichgrafi (Agrotis) Cti. & Drt. 54.

xanthomista (Acron. euphorbiae) Drt. 13

zermattensis (Scotogr. trifolii) Drt. 96.
zernyi (Harmodia) Drt. 107.

Publ. 25. VI. 103S.

INDEX.

305

Index.

The number immediately behind the name indicates the page. The names with a capital initial are those
of Genera; names in italics are synonyms or have been incidentally mentioned.

Plate

A.

abamita Brcm.-Grey 265

abdallah Oberth. Eux. 24 . . . 3 c

aberrans Ev. Epia 111

abikonis Mats. Polia 99 ... 14 e

abluta Hbn. 190

abnoba Guth Crym. 162 ... 19

Abrostola O. 223
abrupta Ev. Sid. 163
abruzzensis Dhl. Bry. 19
abruzzensis Drt. Harm. 105 . . 13 h

abruzzensis Drt. Rhy. 64
abruzzorum DM. Par. 156
abscondita Tr. Acron. 13 . . . Ik

abscondita Warr. Eux. 28

absentimacula Strd. Enm. 216

absinthii L. Cue. 121

Acantholipes Led. 229

accentifera Lef. Phyt. 221

acceptricula Trti. Bry. 15

accipiter Fldr. Epil. 89

accipitrina Esp. Dryob. 141

acerbata Schaw. Acron. 238

aceris L. Acron. 11, 238

acetosellae Schiff. Myth. 89

acharis Pglr. Sid. 163

acharis Pglr. 169

achatina Btlr. Triph. 90

acliilleae Gn. Cue. 122 ... . 16 b

aclitalensis Kozh. Rhy. 67

achyricola Cti. Eux. 242

achyricola Cti. Eux. 32 . . 4 d

aconiti Holtz. Pyrrh. 188

Acontianae 211, 265, 278

Acrobyla Rbl. 231

Acronicta 237

Acronicta 22

Acronictinae 237

Acronycta Tr. 7

Acronycta 22, 166

Acronyctinae 5, 22

acrophila Hmps. Cteip. 263

Acrosphalia Rbl. 166

Actebia Steph. 82

actinea Kozh. Eux. 27 ... . 3 k

actinea Eux. 240

Actinotia Hbn. 91

Actinotia 56

acuminata Btlr. 258

acuminata Mats. Anom. 85

acuminata Strd. Phyt. 221

acuminifera Ev. Eux. 25 . . . 3 e

acuminifera Eux. 40
acuta Err. Caloph. 129 .... 16 i

acutangula Stgr. Agr. 59 . . . 8 b

acutula Stgr. Con. 148
adamantina Black. Omph. 129 16 h

adaucla Btlr. Chlor. 197
adducta Herz Anom. 85

Supplementary Volume 3

Plate

adolfi Drt. Agr. 50

adornata Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 82 12 e

adriana Schaw. Harm. 105
adriatica Std. Pall. 168
adscripta Pglr. Pseud. 166 . . 20 e

adsequa Tr. Triph. 90
adulter a Men. Cat. 213
adumbrata Ev. Eux. 32
adumbrata Eux. 26, 33, 243
adusta Esp. Crino 99, 139, 257

adusta Trti. Omph. 150 ... 18 m

adustaeoides Draes. Polia 99
advena Schiff. Apl. 108
Aedophron Led. 263
Aeg'le Hbn. 197

aegrota Alph. Apt 84 ... . 12 f

aegyptiaca Joan. Cerap. 134 . 17 d

aemula Schiff. Phyt. 221

aequalis Drt. Bry. 18 . 2 f

aequalis Schaw. Pallup. 261, 268 20 li

aequicuspis Stgr. Agr. 56 . . . 7 c

aerata Esp. Ol. 159
aeruginea Hbn. Agri. 141, 257
aerumna Cut. Bry. 18 ... . 2 f

aeschista Brs. Stenod. 272 . . 26 1

aestiva Krul. Phyt. 221
aestiva Rothke Polia 100
aestivalis Costn. Herm. 235
Aethia 279

aethiopa Krul. Acron. 12

aethiops A. B.-H. Raph. 224 . 23 i

aethiops Haw. Ol. 159

aethiops Heyd. Ol. 159

aethiops O. Apor. 136

aethiops Osth. Ol. 159

aetnea Trti. Bum. 138

aeton Cul. Catam. 184

affineola Strd. Cal. 189

affinis Drt. Cham. 200 .... 22 i

affinis L. Cal. 189, 262

affinis Rothsch. Arch. 193

affinis Rothsch. Card. Ill

affinis Rothsch. Cleoph. 128 . . 16 g

afflouensis Cti. Agr. 45 ... . 5 i

afghana Hmps. Arm. 231

afghcina Swh. Cat. 213

aflouensis Rothsch. Sid. 163

afra B.-Bak. Card. Ill

africana Oberth. Aren. 192

africana Oberth. Polia 101

agalma Pglr. Agr. 61 ... 8 b

Agaristidae 3, 237

agathina Dup. Euer. 91

agathina Rhy. 65

agenjoi Brs. Ath. 276 .... 26 h

agenjoi Fdz. Est. 174 . 21 b

agenjoi Fdz. Mer. 239
Aglossestra Hmps. Ill, 254
agnellus Zy. Amm. 256 ... 26 d

Agriopis Bsd. 141, 257

Plate

Agrotidae 237

agrotina Rothsch. Agr. 56 . . . 6 h

agrotina Agr. 269

agrotina Stgr. Amph. 174

Agrotiphila 41

Agrotis O. 42, 268

Agrotis 22, 23, 181, 268

alimed le C. Eux. 241

aimonis Trti. Eux. 243

ain Hoch. Syn. 220

aino Mats. Polia 100

ainu Wileni. Moma 5

airae Err. Pet. 182

aithalodes Dhl. Antit. 143 . . 18 b

akschehirensis Cti. Eux. 24 o —

25 g

aksuana Drt. Cue. 122 ... . 16 a

aksuensis A. B.-H. Loph. 125 . 15 1

ala Styr. Rhy. 66 . 9 b

alacra F. Par. 158

alaina Stgr. Rhy. 67 . 9 e

alata Strd. Ris. 210
alba Der. Coloc. 6

alba Fdz. Derth. 132 . 17 a

alba Gillm. Acron. 13

alba Porr. Amat. 151

alba Rbb. Actin. 91

albarracina Hmps. Metop. 127 16 f

albata Kard. Pangr. 233

albersi Warn. Ath. 273 ... . 26 k

albescens Drt. Eustr. 207 ... 23 b

albescens Lenz Mer. 188

albescens Sohn-R. Rhy. 66 . . 9 b

albibasis Drt. Rhynch. 148

albicans Gn. Porph. 204

albicans Stgr. Cleoph. 127

albiceps Drt. Bry. 17 .... 2 e

albicilia Stgr. Sim. 7

albicincta Metschl Harm. 105

albicinctus Koll. Nyct. 216

albicingulata Warn. Parast. 259

albiclausa Warr. Eupl. 169

albicolaris Kozh. Agr. 247

albicolon Sepp Trich. 112

albicosta Mr. Hyph. 119

albicosta Tail. Ap. 185

albida Car. Agr. 57 . lib

albida Dup. Porph. 204

albida Porph. 264, 278

albida Hmps. Tim. 197 ... 22 h

albida Oberth. Derth. 132

albida Osth. Par. 156

albida Rbb. Rhy. 78

albida Schaiv. Metop. 256

albida Splr. Cue. 122

albida Tim. 194, 278

albida Zolln. Rynch. 91

albidecora Sohn-R. Eux. 31

albidentaria Frr. Peric. 218

albidior A. B.-H. Apor. 136

39

306

INDEX.

Plate

albidior Cul. Porph. 204

albidior Pet. Agr. 48

albidior Strd. Lith. 137

albidior W gn. Acron. 12

albidula Strd. Hyl. 2 1 1

albifurca Ersch. Agr. 61 ... 8 c

albifusa Joan. Ceroc. 219

albilinea Wgn. Min. 216

albilinea Whli. Hyph. 118

albiluna Kozh. 01. 160

albimacula Bkh. Harm. 105

albimacula Cul. Dryob. 138

albimacula Dhl. Laph. 174

albimacula Oberth. Bry. 16

albina A. B.-H. Copiph. 126

albina Ev. Ath. 179 . 21 f

albina Ath. 272
albina Whli. Lasp. 231
albineura Bsd. Cerat. 117
albipennis It Hr. Rhy. 63 . . . 8 g

albiptera Trti. Agr. 43
albipuncta F. Hyph. 118
albipuncta Hmps. Chyt. 171
albipuncta Leuc. 261
albipuncta O. B.-H. Sid. 162
albirena Christ. Arm. 231
albisquama Warr. Amph. 154
albisignata Oberth. Elydna 188
albistigma Dhl. Con. 149
albistigma Hmps. Acron. 9 . . Id
albivena Grasl. Sid. 120
albivenis Strd. Hipp. 118
albivirgata, Hmps. Calpe 228
albivitta Alph. Isoch. 91
albofasciata John Aleuc. 230
albofasciata Kiel. Antit. 144
albolineata Blacli. Brach. 121
albolineata Mats. Mon. 116
albolividalis Schille Iiiv. 233
albomacula Draes. Ano. 228
albomaculalis It rent. Ectog. 279 24 f

albomaculata Gram. Par. 156
albomaculata Heyd. Ap. 185 . 22 a

albomaculata Rothsch. Bry. 16 2d
albomaculata Tntt. Ap. 186 22 a

albonigra Herz Cran. 14
albonotata Stgr. Bry. 14
albivitta Alph. Isoch. 91
albopicta Mats. Megan. 138
alboscapulata Trti. Bry. 15
albosignata Trti. Bry. 18
albostriata Brem.-Grey Phyt. 221
albosuffusana Strd. 01. 160
albovenosa Goeze Arsil. 7, 237
albovenosa Tschtv. Agr. 50 . . 6 f

albovenosana Oberth. Ear. 211
albula Fdz. Agr. 244
albuncula Ev. Anom. 85 . . . 12 g

alchymista Schiff. Cat. 228
alepica Ntsch. Phyt. 221
Aleucanitis Warr. 2. 30
Aleucanitis 267

alexandra Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 67 9 e

alexandrensis B.-Balc. Agr. 50

alexis Kozh. Bhy. 74

alfacaria Rbb. Ath. 181

alfacaria Rbb. Tox. 227

alfierii Brs. Ath. 277 .... 26 k

algae Esp. Arch. 194

algae T. Bry. 18

algeriensis Siertz. Ath. 177

algira Warr. Anua 217

algiriae Oberth. Ceroc. 219

algiriea A. B.-H. Cosm. 153 . 10 d

algirica Cul. Ateth. 152 ... 19 b

algiriea Cul. Enar. 190 .... 22 c

algirica Cul. Stilb. 173 .... 21 a

algirica Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 78 . Ill
algirica Oberth. Sid. 120 ... 15 k

algirica Oberth. Triph. 90
algiroides Schtz. Opli. 217
aliena Dup. Polia 99
aliena Trnr. Par. 158

Allomecia Dum. 126. 256
almohada Wgn. Rhy. 80 . . .
almoravida 6Vas7. Caloph. 129
alni L. Acron. 11
alopecuri Bsd. Sid. 120 . . .

alpestris Bsd. Rhy. 73. 250
alphonsina Fdz. Eux. 24
alpigena Trti. Agr. 48 ... .
alpina Humph. Rhy. 74 . . .

alpina Rghf. Dasyp. 135
alpina Schwing, Porph. 264
alpina Seif. Brach. 134
alpium Dhl. Par. 157
alpium Osb. Diphth. 5
alsines Brahm Ath. 272
alsinides Costni. Ath. 175
alsinides Ath. 272
altaica Led. Polia 99
altaretensis Test. Phyt. 221
alternalis Dhl. Herm. 235
alternata Dhl. Amat. 152
altifuga Kozh. Crino 163
altijuga Kozh. Crino 140
amaliae Fdz. Agr. 247
amaliae Wgn. Pall. 167 . . .

amanica Ostli. Lept. 201
amartia Schaw. Agr. 52
amasina Cti. <Sc Drt. Agr. 55

amasina Drt. Bry. 19 .

amasina Hmps. Derth. 133
amasina Stgr. Antit. 144 .. .
amasina Trti. Agr. 245
amata Btlr. Pyral. 233
Amathes Hhn. 151, 258, 270
amathusia O. B.-H. Anom. 86 .
amathusia Rmb. Thalp. 171
amatoria Cti. & Drt. Anom. 86
amaura Dhl. Ephes. 215
amaura Schaw. Con. 149
ambigua Schiff. Ath. 272
ambigua Schiff. Ath. 176
ambrosiana Brs. Eux. 240
ambrosiana Eux. 24
ambrosiana Brs. Eux. 268
ambusta F. Ateth. 152, 153
Amelia 174
Amelina 174
Amephana Hmps. 128
amethystina Him. Teles. 170
amianta Schaw. Aut. 225
arnica Tr. Bleph. 92
amicta Donz. Cer. 251
Aminetopa Hmps. 127, 256
Ammogrotis Stgr. 67
amoena Krul. 01. 159
amoena Rhy. 249
amoena Stgr. Cue. 255
amoena Stgr. Eux. 38, 242 . .
amoenissima Oberth. Cue. 122
amoenissima Trti. Bry. 18 . .

amota Stgr. Cue. 123 .

amota Strd. Hyph. 118
Amphidrina Stgr. 174
Amfihipyra Tr. 155
Amphipyrinae 154
Amphitrota Warr. Rhy. 83
amplexa Cti. Eux. 25 . . . .

amseli Brs. Ath. 274 .

amseli Drt. Aut. 226, 266 . . .
amurensis Drt. Brach. 134 . .
amurensis Splr. Polia 99
amurensis Stgr. Agr. 44. . . .
amurensis Stgr. Agr. 48
amurensis Warn. Plus. 222
amydra Pglr. Trich. 112 .. .
anachoreta H.- Schiff. Rhy. 81
anaedina Btlr. Acron. 11
anaedinella Strd. Acron. 11
anaemica Drt. Eux. 241 . . .

anaemica Hmps. Bry. 16
anarmodia Stgr. Agr. 51 . .

anarmodia, Stgr. Eux. 268
anarmodia Agr. 24

Plate

12 b
16 c

15 i

6 a

10 k

20 e

6k

2g

18 e

12 h
12 h

25 d

2 f
16 b

3 f
25 1
24 c
17 d

15 b

So g

6 c

Plate

anarrhini Dup. Ameph. 128
Anarta Tr. 198
Anarta 112

Anartomorpha Alph. 198

anastasia Drt. Agr. 244 . . 25 e

Anataelia Drt. 165, 260

anatolica Drt. Caloph. 256 . . 25 c

anatolica Drt. Eux. 240

anatolica Drt. Rhy. 250 ... 24 i

anatolica Her. Xyl. 114, 255 . 26 a

anatolica Led. Omph. 129. . . 16 h

anceps Cue. 255

anceps H.-Schdff. Ath. 181

anceps Stgr. Dasyst. 147 ... 18 i

anceps Dasyst. 144

andalusica Acron. 238

andalusica Schaw. Rhy. 251

andalusica Schwing. Auch. 91

andalusica Stgr. Bar. 96

andalusica Stgr. Harm. 107, 254 13 b

andalusica Stgr. Stilb. 173

andereggii Bsd. Agr. 59 ... 8 b

andereggii Bsd. Sid. 120

andereggii Sider. 263

andreasi Trti. Agr. 52 ... . 6 e

andreji Karel. Dipt. 156

anella Steph. Non. 194

Aneureta Trti. 278

Aneureta 279

angularis Chret. Bomb. 135

angularis Chret. Caloph. 256

angularis Strd. Eus. 3

angularis Trti. Ath. 275

angulata Grt. Pyrrh. 188

angusta Btlr. Oerb. 161

angustifascia Ams. Aleuc. 230

angustipennis Bart. Agr. 48

angustipennis Mats. Mon. 116

anilis Bsd. Crino 140 .... 17 i

ankarensis Her. Acron. 238 . . 25 f

ankarensis Rbl. Agr. 54. . . . 11 a

anomala Haw. Stilb. 173 ... 21a

anomala Krul. Ap. 186
anomalalis Klem. Pech. 235
Anomogyna Stgr. 84, 251
Anopliia Gn. 228
antemarginalis Dhl. Con. 149
antemedialis Strd. Eus. 3
antemedioalba Strd. Bry. 18
antennalis Strd. Xest. 83
antenigra Schaw. Cat. 265
anthemidis Gn. Cue. 123 . . . 16 b

antherici Christ. Derth. 133 . . 17 c

antherici Derth. 256
anthracita Alph. Agr. 43
anthracita Th.-Mieg Cat. 314
anthracita Wgn. Eriop. 170

antias Cul. Bry. 20 . 2 h

antiqua Stgr. Xest. 83
antiqualis Hbn. Rhynch. 267
antirrhini Hbn. Omph. 129
antithesis Schtz. Olig. 259
Antitype Hbn. 142, 257, 270
Antitype Hbn. 16, 1 14, 132
Anua Wkr. 217
Anuga Gn. 210
Anumeta Wkr. 229, 267
Anumeta 220
Anydropkila John 219
anysa Gn. Pand. 225
aoyamensis Mats. Mon. 116
Apamea Tr. 185, 262
Apamea 168
apameoides Polia 253
apatetica Pglr. Ath. 178
apennina Dili. Cosm. 154
apennina Drt. Acron. 13
apennina Acron. 238
apennina Sohn-R. Rhy. 66
apenninigena Dhl. Parast. 156
apfelbecki Rbl. Xest. 83
aphe Mob. Eux. 30
apicalis Strd. Amph. 155

INDEX.

307

Aplecta Gn. 108
Aplectoides Btlr. 84, 251
apocrypha Cti. Eux. 37 . . .

apocrypha Cti. Eux. 243
Apopestes Hbn. 225
apora Stgr. Antit. 257
Aporophyla Gn. 135
Aporophyla 140
approximans Rothsch. Ath. 170
approximata Alph. Raph. 224
aquila Donz. Par. 156
aquilina Schiff. Eux. 26 . . .

aquilina Eux. 33, 240
arabs Oberfh. Par. 156
arabum Cut. Sarag. 110
aragonensis Schaw. Agr. 244
arcana Scliaw. Rhy. 72 . . . .
Archanara Wkr. 193, 263, 278
arschanica Drt. Rhy. 68 . . .

arcta Led. Ilex. 161
arctana Strd. Dex. 161
arctica Rngn. Syngr. 266
arctides Stgr. Dex. 161
arctomys Alph. Cham. 200 . .
arcuinna Hbn. Eubl. 202
arcuosa Haw. Pet. 182
arcuosa Petil. 160
Arcyophora Gn. 265
ardescens Btlr. Con. 149 . . .
ardua Fil. Las. 113
arduenna Gillm. Acron. 12
arefacta Rbl. Eux. 28
arefacta Swh. Therm. 228
arenacea Cti. Eux. 39 ... .
arenacea Hmps. Rhy. 269
arenacea Kozh. Rhy. 269
arenicola Stgr. Agr. 48
arenoflavida Schaw. Rhy. 251
arenosa Btlr. Agr. 62 ....

arenosa Rothsch. Clyt. 218
arenosa Rothsch. Porpli. 203
arenosa Stgr. Agr. 43 ....

arenosa Agr. 32
arenosana Strd. Clyt. 218
Arenostola Hbn. 191, 263
Arenostola 271
areola Esp. Dich. 137
argentea Brs. Ath. 276
argentea Car. Auch. 252
argentea Car. Aut. 226 ....
argentea Car. Rhy. 65
argentea Gronem. Phyt. 221
argentea Hoffm. Phyt. 221
argentea Hfng. Cue. 121
argentea Kozh. Rhy. 65
argentea Splr. Sim. 7
argentea Tutt. Leuc. 131
argentina Car. Rhy. 65 ...

argentina F. Cue. 121
argillacea Alph. Rhy. 80 . . .
argillacea Cut. Bry. 18
argillacea Vino. Cat. 212
argillaceago Hbn. Antit. 16, 132
143

argillago Drt. Hydr. 262 . . .
argillosa le C. Eux. 242

arguta Drt. Rhy. 71 .

argyritis Rmb. Hyph. 118. . .
Argyrospila H.-Schdff. 194
Argyrospila 192
arida Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 76 . . .
arida Led. Trich. 112 ....

arida Rothsch. Porph. 205
aritzensis Trti. Antit. 144 . .

Armada Stgr. 231
armandi Poaj. Cat. 265
armata Stgr. Scot. 98 ....

armena Ev. Antit. 142 ....
armena Stgr. Epis. 223 ....
armena Ev. Eux. 26
armeniaca Brs. Ath. 275
armeniaca Kozh. Agr. 246
armeniaca Stgr. Praest. 174, 271

Plate

4 1

21 c

Q

O

10 f
9 f

22 i

18 1

5 b

8 d

5 f

24 b

8 k
12 b

25 g

10 c
15 g

11 g
15 b

18 d

14 d
18 a
23 i

Plate

armeriae Bsd. Harm. 105 . . . 13 i

armoricana Cut. Pall. 168 ... 20 li

arnoi Schaw. Cal. 1 89

arnoldi Trti. Rhy. 250

Arsilonche 7, 237

artemisiae Hfng. Cue. 122

arterialis Drt. Trich. 254 ... 25 e

Arytrura John 233

asclepiadis Schiff. Abr. 223

asella LJglr. Rhy. 71 . 10 a

asella Pglr. Rhy. 95

ashworthi Dbl. Rhy. 72 ... 10 d

ashworthii Rhy. 81

asiatica Burr. Ap. 187

asiatica Drt. Erem. 259 ... 26 f

asiatica Hmps. Cosm. 153

asiatica Osth. Omph. 129 ... 16 li

asiatica Stgr. Aut. 266

asiatica Stgr. Megan. 138

asiatica W gn. Harm. 106, 254

asiaticaalbomaculata Heyd. Ap. 187

asignalis Schwing. Mesotr. 201

asignata like. Acron. 11

asignata Splr. Acron. 10

Asinduma Wkr. 210

askoldis Oberth. Trach. 169

aspersa Rmb. Ath. 181 .... 21 h

aspersa Ath. 273

asphodelioides Trti. Antit. 144. 18 d

assimilata Kozh. Agr. 246

assimilis ( ?) Cort. 218

assymetrica Kozh. Eux. 37

Asteropetes Hmps. 237

astfalleri Cti. Eux. 25 ... . 3d

astfalleri Schaw. Antit. 257 . . 26 b

astigmata Rothsch. Ach. 179

astigmata Rothsch. Rhy. 274

astixis DM. Rhy. 80

astur Cut. Rhy. 73

astuta Cti. Rhy. 71 . 10 b

asymmetrica Brs. Ath. 275 . . 26 h

aterrima Costn. Crino 139
aterrima Crino 257
aterrima Meyer Symp. 199
aterrima Warn. Apor. 136
Atethmia Hbn. 152
Athaumasta Hmps. 145
athesiensis Dhl. 117
Athetis Hbn. 175, 261
Atlietis 78, 271
atlanta le C. Agr. 244
atlantica Brs. Scot. 252
atlantica Hbn. Eubl. 264
atlantica Warr. Triph. 90

atlantica Zy. Crym. 259 ... 26 e

atlanticum Rbl. Crino 139

atlantis Drt. Harm. 105, 253 . 13 i

atlantis Schwing. Agr. 245 . . 26 d

atlantis Schwing. Bry. 268 . . 24 k

atlantis Zy. Ath. 176 .... 21 c

atlantis Ath. 272

atlas Prt. Polia 99

atra A. B.-H. Rhy. 73

atra Cti. & Drt. Agr. 47 ... 51

atra Drt. Amat. 151 . 19 a

atra Rocci Phyt. 221
atra Splr. Cat. 212
Atrachea Warr. 161
atrata Belling Sim. 7
atrata Schaw. Agr. 46

atricupreoides Draes. Props. 183
atridiscata Hmps. Agr. 48
atrifascia Rbl. Caloph. 129
atriluna Gn. Ath. 182, 275
atrimixta Hmps. Bry. 18
atriplicis A. Trach. 169
atrivestis Dhl. Caloph. 129
atrocaerulea Tshetv. Cue. 123
atrocyanea Krul. Par. 158
atrosignata Wkr. Anum. 229
attenuata Warr. Triph. 90
Atyplia 277
Aucha Wkr. 170

Plate

Auchmis Hbn. 91, 252

aucta Alph. Rhy. 69 . 9 i

auguroides Rothsch. Rhy. 70 . 10 a

aurago F. Cosm. 153

aurantia Tutt Cosm. 153

aurantiaca Alph. Omor. 201

aurantiaca Scliaw. Con. 220

aurantiaca Trti. Hydr. 188

aurantiacus Rothsch. Proth. 232

aurantior Strd. Acron. 9

aurariae Oberth. Clav. 117

aureola Stich. Anarta 198

aurcolum Schs. Agr. 43

aureomaculata Vorbr. Syn. 220

aureomixta Drt. Harm. 104 . . 13 g

aureoviridis W gn. Syn. 220

aureum Knock. Chrys. 223

aureus O. B.-H. Chryson. 262 . 26 g

aureus O. B.-H. Chrysopt. 223

auricoma F. Acron. 11

auricoma Acron. 238

auricula Don. Ap. 185

aurifera Detail. Mon. 115

aurigera Heyd. Ap. 185

aurita F. Ameph. 128

aurolichena Cut. Bry. 18 . . . 2 g

aurora Trti. Antit. i42

austauti Oberth. Cosm. 153 . . 19 d

austera John Aleuc. 230

australis Bsd. Apor. 136

australis Oberth. Synth. 195 . . 22 g

Autoha. Wkr. 205

Autophila Hbn. 225, 266

autumna Chret. Sim. 6

autumnalis Dhl. Herm. 235

autumnalis Trti. Ceroc. 219

autumnalis Trti. Herm. 235

avellana If Ice. Rhy. 79

avellanae Huene Coloc. 5 . . . la

aversa Wkr. Agr. 43

avicula Krul. Ath. 178

avicula Krul. Ath. 275

axuana Pglr. Aleuc. 231 ... 24 e

azelikoula Dum. Anum. 229 . 24 d

IS.

babylonica Schtz. Rhynch. 91
badiofasciat.a Drt. Enar. 262 . 26 g

baetica Bsd. Agr. 43 . 5 f

baetica Rmb. Cleoph. 127
baigakumensis John Aleuc. 230
baja F. Rhy. 77, 269
balestrei Luc. Catam. 184 . . 211

balncaria Dist. Cort. 218
baloghi Diosz. Amph. 155
Balsa Wkr. 183, 261
baltica Her. Crino 139
banghaasi Draes. Dryob. 141
banghaasi Cti. & Drt. Anom. 86 12 h
banghaasi Rothsch. Cleoph. 128
banghaasi Strd. Omia 199 . . 22 i

bang-haasi Trti. Dasyp. 135 . 17 e

bang-haasi W gn. Hypost. 174
bang-haasi W gn. Prox. 271
Barathra Hbn. 96
Baratlira 172
barbalis Cl. Pecli. 235

barbara Cti. &’ Drt. Rliy. 70 . 9 1

barbaria Schaw. Bry. 239 ... 25 f

barbarica Brs. Ath. 275

barbierii Costn. Herm. 235

barettii Dbl. Harm. 107 ... 13 b

barrettii Oberth. Con. 149

barthae Brs. Cue. 124 . . . . 16 c

barthae W gn. Caloph. 130
basigramma Hmps. Agr. 48
basigramma Stgr. Eux. 37
basigramma Eux. 243
basilinea Par. 158

basimaculata Trti. Bry. 15 . . 2 c

basistriata Warn. Acron. 238
basistriga Mr. Rhy. 76

308

INDEX.

Plate

basistriga Stgr. Par. 158

basivoluta Will. Mer. 188

batliensis Lutz. Crino 139, 257 17 k

batki Doer. Cosm. 154

batnaensis Oberth. 153

batnana Drt. Acron. 10 ... 1 e

baueri Stgr. Galg. 183

bavarica Horh. Sid. 255 ... 26 e

baxteri South Pall. 167

beata Rothsch. Cue. 122

beata Stgr. Metop. 126 .... 16 e

beatissima Rbl. Eux. 29

beicki Melt Epkes. 266

belgica Drt. Acron. 10 ... . If

belgiensis Lamb. Sid. 120

bella Btlr. Morm. 212

bella Steph. Rhy. 72

bellieri Cut. Styg. 155

bellieri Iiy. Pkyt. 222

belloides Strd. Morm. 212

belucha Swh. Atk. 275 ... . 26 i

benacensis Dhl. Bry. 239

benacensis Rocci Epkes. 215

benigna Cti. Agr. 54, 245 ... 11 a

bermeja Ath. 275, 276

beraudi Joan. Autob. 203

bercei Sand Acron. 238

bergi Kusn. Onyck. 110

bermeja Rbb. Atk. 180 .... 21 k

best! Ostli. Scol. 223

betulae Lenz Coloc. 6

bicolor Chret. Prox. 182

bicolor Wil. Hyp. 118

bicolorana Fuess. Hyl. 211

bicoloria Vill. Ol. 160, 259

bicruris Hfng. Harm. 102

bieneri Helioth. 263

bieneri Rbl. Hel. 200

bieneri Rbl. Symp. 199, 263

bifasciata Stgr. Cal. 189 ... 22 c

bifasciata Warr. Cort. 218

bifurca Stgr. Agr. 48 . 5 k

bifurca Agr. 24

bilineata Rothsch. Bry. 18 . . 2 f

bilineata Bry. 268
bilobata Strd. Speir. 216
bilunulata Warn. Calopk. 129
bimacula Maass. Acron. 13 . . Ik

bimaculata Krul. Cal. 195
bimaculata Osth. Min. 216
binota Trnr. Par. 158
biornata Fisch.-Wald. Cue. 124
bipars Wkr. Agr. 43
bipartita Graes. Rky. 82
bipartita H.-Schdff. Eul. 264
bipartita Euloc. 208
bipartita Orstd. Pkyt. 221
bipunctata Haw. Non. 194
bipunctata Whli. Amat. 152
biradiata Kozh. Cue. 121 .. . 16 a

birivia Schiff. Eux. 31
birivia Eux. 31. 268
biroi Aign. Caloph. 130
biscajana Cti. Eux. 41 ... . 5 d

bisekoffi H.-Schdff. Crym. 161,

260 . 19 k

bischoffi Crym. 257
bisignata Kozh. Agr. 59 ... 71

biskrae Oberth. Par. 157
biskrana Oberth. Cue. 123
biskrensis Cul. Ceroc. 219 . . 23 f

biskrensis Oberth. Tar. 210 . . 23 f

bistrigata Osth. Derth. 133 . . 17 b

bitincta Dhl. Min. 216
biumbralis Trti. Zancl. 234
bivitta Oberth. Porpli. 204
blanca Rbb. Leuc. 131
blachieri Oberth. Copipk. 126
blanda Schiff. Atk. 175, 272
blandula Stgr. Litk. 207 ... 23 a

blattariae Esp. Cue. 124
Blenina Wkr. 210

bleonnensis Schtz. Crym. 161 . 19 k

Plate

Blepharidia Pglr. 146
Blepharita Hmps. 92, 252
bimaculosa L. Megan. 256
blidaensis Stertz Amat. 152
bodenheimeri Ams. Atk. 176 . 21 c

bodenkeimeri Drt. Atk. 277
boetica Bsd. Agr. 24
bogdanovi Ersch. Eux. 38 . . 41

bokatseki Rbl. Agr. 58
boliemanni Stgr. Polia 253
bolivari Fdz. Atk. 273
Bombycia Steph. 135, 256
Bombycia 130

bombycia Ev. Agr. 47 ... . 6 a

bombycina Ev. Pach. 109
Bomolocha Hbn. 236
bongiovannii Trti. Stilb. 173 . 21 a

bonza Pglr. Agr. 62 . 8 d

borealis Strd. Parast. 259
borealis Nordstr. Apl. 84, 251
boreli Pier. Hydr. 188
borjomensis Rom. Enar. 190
Borolia 121
boursini Cleu Bry. 14

boursini Drt. Mer. 239 .... 25 d

boursini Schaw. Eux. 24, 240 . 25 g

boursini Wgn. Atk. 274 ... 251

bousseaui Luc. Antit. 257
bouveti Luc. Agri. 141 .... 17 1

bovina Stgr. Conis. 110
bradyporina TV. Acron. 13
Brachygalca Hmps. 121
Brachionycka Hbn. 134
bractea F. Phyt. 221
bracteana Strd. Pkyt. 221
brassicae L. Bar. 96, 98, 162, 172
brassicina Drt. Scot. 98 ... 14 c

brayi Lamb. Ampk. 155
bredemanni Warn. Cal. 262
brigensis Bsd. Con. 149
brigensis Splr. Tripk. 90
britannica Trnr. Pack. 109
brumosa Leech Acron. 8
brunnea Byt.-S. Arck. 278
brunnea Cul. Enar. 190
brunnea Hmps. Acron. 9
brunnea Lamb. Par. 156
brunnea Lamb. Riv. 233
brunnea Lenz Mer. 188
brunnea Porr. Bry. 18
brunnea Rbl. Pach. 109
brunnea Rothsch. Caloph. 129
brunnea Schiff. Rky. 76
brunnea Schwing. Perig. 114
brunnea Tutt Ap. 186
brunnea Tutt Rky. 62, 82
brunnea Warn. Apor. 136
brunnea Warr. Agr. 45
brunnea Zolln. Rkynch. 91
brunneaalbomaculata Heyd. Ap. 185
brunneago Stgr. Xest. 84 . . . 12 f

brunneoflavomaculata Tutt Ap. 186
brunneomaculata Hnrch. Polia 100
brunneomixta Cul. Agri. 141
brunneoochrascens Strd. Arch. 194
brunneopicta Cti. Eux. 269
brunneopicta Cti. <fc Drt. Agr. 52 6 g

brunneopicta Mats. Anom. 85
brunneor Strd. Eups. 148
brunneotincta Cti. & Drt. Agr. 58 7 e
brunneotincta Agr. 246
brunnescens Cul. Porpk. 204
brunnescens Hmps. Rhy. 76
brunnescens Heyd. Scot. 96
brunnescens Rbb. Actin. 91
brunnickii Klem. Pkyt.. 221
brunnior Strd. Acron. 10
Bryoleuca Hmps. 22, 171
Bryomima Stgr. 146, 258, 270
Bryomima 127, 257
Bryoinoea Hmps. 21
Bryophila TV. 14, 239, 268
Bryophila 166

Plate

bryophiloides Rothsch. Bry. 15
bryophiloides Rothsch. Catam. 184
bubaceki Kitt Cue. 121 ... 16 a

bubaceki Schaw. Metop. 127
budensis Frr. Rky. 80 ... . 12 b

bugeaudi Oberth. Eux. 24 . . . 3 c

bugeaudi Eux. 25
bureschi Tout. Rky. 72

burgeffi Drt. Bry. 19 . 2 g

burgeffi Bry. 239

burrowsi Chapni. Ap. 187

burrowsialbo Heyd. Ap. 187

biittneri Her. Sed. 191, 262 . . 22 d

biittneri Sim. 6

buxtoni Rothsch. Catam. 278

bytinskii Schaw. Elydna 262 . 26 f

C.

caecimacula Schiff. Ortk. 88
caelebs Stgr. Agr. 60

caelebs Stgr. Cer. 88 . 12 1

caerulea Wgn. Rky. 64 . ... 8 g

caeruleocephala L. Epis. 223
caeruleomaculata Closs Cat. 212
caeruleoviridis Strd. Ear. 211
caerulescens Closs Cat. 212
caerulescens Dhl. Epkes. 215
caerulescens Htg. Antit. 144
caerulescens Preiss. cfc G. Con. 149
caerulescens Reisser Par. 156
caerulescens Schwing. Cleopk. 256

caerulescens Wgn. Rky. 65, 248 8 1

caesia Schiff. Harm. 104, 253

cailinita Drt. Harm. 105 ... 13 1

cailino Lef. Aleuc. 230

Calamia Hbn. 195

calamistis Hmps. Ses. 194

calberlae Failla Stilb. 173 . . 21 a

calberlai Stgr. Polia 101

calcar ia Dhl. Eux. 31

calceata Dhl. Acron. 11 ... 1 g

calcescens Dhl. Harm. 102

calcigena Sohn-R. Agr. 52 . . 6 f

calcinia Sohn-R. Rky 72

calcirena Pglr. Par. 158 ... 19 k

calendulae Tr. Cue. 122

calida Trti. Antit. 144

caliginosa Schaw. Tox. 227

caliginosa Schaw. Tripk. 90, 252
caliginosa Schtz. Acron. 10
caliginosa Trti. Mon. 15
Callogonia Hmps. 170
Callyna On. 195
Calophasia Steph. 129, 256
Calophasia 135

calorica Cti. Agr. 60 . S a

Calotaenia Steph. 138

Calpe Tr. 228

calvaria F. Epiz. 232

Calymma Hbn. 202

Calymnia 90

Calymnia Hbn. 180, 262

camptosema Hmps. Pkyt. 222 . 23 k

camptostigma Men. Cal. 189

camptostigmoides Strd. Cal. 189

camuna Trti. Hyp. 117

cana Dhl. Calopk. 129

cana Ev. Polia 98

canaria Esp. Amat. 151

canaria Dhl. Orb. 148

canariensis Hmps. Abr. 223 . . 23 k

canariensis Hmps. Eum. 138

canariensis Rbl. Eux. 28 . . . 3 k

candelarum Eux. 242

candelarum Stgr. Rky. 72 . . 10 d

candelisequa Esp. Acron. 11

candelisequa Schiff. Rky. 73

candelisequa Schiff. Rhy. 250

candicans Rmh. Porpk. 204 . . 23 a

Candida Rocci Sid. 120

Candida Stgr. Rky. 67

Candida Stgr. Rky. 249

INDEX.

309

Plate

candidula Schiff. Eustr. 207
canescens Btlr. Rhy. 74 ... lie

canescens Dup. Antit. 144 . . 18 d

canosparsa Hmps. Trichor. 270
canroberti Obertli. Eryth. 198
canteneri Dup. Metop. 126 . . 16 f

canteneri Dup. Metop. 231
capnistis Led. Agr. 60 ... . 71

capnodes Dhl. Epis. 223
capnoessa Zy. Euloc. 208
capnoessa Zy. Eul. 264
capnoptera Pglr. Rhy. 64 . . 8 f

cappa Him. Polia 101
caprearum Drf. Porph. 203
capsensis Chret. Eux. 24 ... 3 a

capsensis Chret. Eux. 268
capsivora Drt. Epia 254
capsivora I)rt. Harm. 102
capsivora Drt. Harm. 253
capsophila Bsd. Harm. 102
captiuncula Miana 182
captiuncula Tr. 01. 160
captiunculoides Strd. Ol. 160
capucina Esp. Calpe 228
Caradjia Zy. 195
Caradrina 78, 271

caradrinoides Stgr. Rhy. 66 . . 7 b

carbonaria Esp. Parasc. 232
carbonaria Graes. Acron. 8
carbonea Hbn. Eux. 32
carboniosa Trti. Tirol. 109
carbonis Wgn. Dryob. 141
carbonis Warr. Eux. 24
carbonis Warr. Eux. 29
Cardepia Hmps. Ill, 269
carducha Stgr. Bryo. 146
cardui Hel. 200
carinthiaca Strd. Phyt. 221
carlilei Brandt Rliy. 250
carnea Warr. Cal. 189
carneago Warr. Cosm. 154
carneata Warr. Orthop. 1 55
carpathica Kaucki Crino 139
carpathica Crino 257
carpophaga Bkh. Harm. 102
carriolata VHomme Amph. 155
carthalina Christ. Eux. 24
carfhami H.-Schaff. Porph. 203
casearia Stgr. Ath. 181 . . . . 21 i

casearia Ath. 275
casta Bkh. Caloph. 130
castanea Esp. Rhy. 81
castanea Trti. Draudt. 260.
castanea Warr. Spud. 150
castaneaalbo Burr. Ap. 186
castaneiceps Hmps. Corg. 206
castaneoflavomaculata Heyd. Ap. 187
castellana Fdz. Agr. 43
castiliana Reisser Harm. 253 . 25 k

castior Std. Caloph. 130
castriota Rbl. & Zy. Harm. 104
catalaunensis Mill. Agr. 5 1
cataleuca Bsd. Rhy. 71 ... 10 b

Catamecia Stgr. 184, 278
cataphanes Hbn. Aut. 225 . . 24 a

Catasema Stgr. 133
catenata Dhl. Amat. 152
Catephia O. 228

catervaria Cti. Eux. 30 ... . 4 a

catervaria Eux. 242

Catocala Schrk. 212, 265

Catocalinae 212, 265

Catocalinae 227

catocalis Stgr. Syneda 267

catocaloida Graes. Acron. 9

catomelas Alph. Pulch. 172 . . 20 k

caucasica Herz Aut. 225

caucasica Sohn-R. Cue. 122

caucasica Stgr. Rhy. 65

causta Trti. Amat. 151

cavernosa Ev. Hyss. 114 ... 15 f

cecilia Btlr. Agr. 62

Celaena 158

Plate

celatrix Fit. Zancl. 234
celebrata Alph. Agr. 58 ... 7 f

celebrata Agr. 246
cellularis Strd. Eus. 3
celsia L. Calot. 138
celsicola Bell. Agr. 55, 245 . . 6 1

cemenelensis Brs. Cue. 123 . . 16 b

centralasiae Bart. Perig. 114 . 15 f

centralasiae Stgr. Loph. 125 . 15 k

centralasiae Wgn. Rhy. 64
centralichinae Strd. Amph. 155
centralis Drt. Bry. 19 .... 2 h

| centralis Ersch. Acron. 12 . . 1 h

| centralis Stgr. Eux. 37 ... . 41

centralitalica Dhl. Calpe 228

centripuncta H.-Schaff. Arsil. 7
Centropodia 164
Cerapoda Sm. 134
Cerapteryx Curt. 117, 255
Cerastis Tr. 88, 251
Cerastis 7 4

cerealis Stgr. Aut. 226 .... 24 c

cerealis Aut. 266

Cerocala Bsd. 219

certificata Wkr. Agr. 43

cervago Ev. Hydr. 262

cervantes Reisser Rhy. 248 . . 25 k

Cerynea Wkr. 231

cespitis F. Thol. 109, 168

cestis Men. Arum. 229

chabordis Obertli. Cleoph. 127

chaldaica Bsd. Rhy. 64

chalybaea Trti. Rhy. 65

chalybeata Mr. Agr. 62 ... 8 d

chamaepora Warr. 7

chamaesyces Chapm. Oxyc. 6

chamomillae Schiff. Cue. 122

champa Mr. Moma 5

Chamyla Stgr. 199

chanzyi Obertli. Hel. 200

characteristica Alph. Agr. 46

characteristica Agr. 24

chardinyi Bsd. Rhynch. 91

Chasminodes Hmps. 195

cheiranthi Tausch. Plus. 222

Cheligalea Hmps. 125

Cheligalea 123

chenopodiphaga Rmb. Pseud. 166
Chersotis Bsd. 59, 247 ,

Chexsotis ^ 1 c-1, ^ ^

chimaera Rothsch. Nam. 184
chimaera Rothsch. Scot. 97
chinensis Alph. Leuc. 220
chine nsis Leech Ath. 274
chinensis Leuc. 230
chinensis Wllgr. Hadj. 184
chingana Drt. Acron. 8 . . . . 1 c

chioleuca H.-Schaff. Apor. 135 17 f

Chionoxantha Hmps. 278
chitinipyga Dum. Lee. 278
chitinipyga Dum. Tim. 197
clrleuha. le C. Caloph. 129
Chloantha Gn. 136
chlorana L. Ear. 211
Chloridea Ww. 197
clitoris Bkh. Bry. 18
chloromixta Alph. Oed. 21 . . 2 i

chlorophyllana Stgr. Ear. 211
chlorotica. Brs. Ath. 277
cholerica Schaw. Hyp. 236
chretieni Rothsch. Bomb. 130
chretieni Dum. Agr. 48
chretieni Dum. Agr. 244
chretieni Obertli. Eux. 24 . . . 3 b

chretieni Rothsch. Bomb. 135 . 17 e

christophi Mschl. Epia 111 . . 13 c

christophi Stgr. Eux. 25
christophi Stgr. Eux. 241
christophi Stgr. Eux. 240
chrysitis L. Phyt. 221
chrysochlora Hmps. Eupl. 169
chrysograplia Hbn. Ap. 185
chrysographa Wgn. Antit. 143

Plate

chryson Esp. Phyt. 221
Chrysonicara Drt. 262
Chrysoptera iMtr. 223
Chrysoptera 262

chrysostigma Pglr. Omor. 201 22 k

Chutapha Mr. 169
Chytonyx Grt. 171

ciliaria Men. Imit. 231 ... . 24 f

cilissa Pglr. Perig. 114 ... . 15 f

Cimelia 196
cineracea Frr. Cue. 122
[ cinerago F. Ap. 185
| cinerascens Btlr. Triph. 171
cinerascens Obertli. Berth. 132
cinerascens Tengst. Ath. 178 . 21 e

cinerascens Ath. 177, 272
cinerea Alph. Non. 278
cinerea Alph. Rad. 182
cinerea Athet. 271
cinerea Hnrch. Sid. 163
cinerea Oberth. Atet. 152
cinerea Schiff. Agr. 26
cinerea Schiff. Agr. 244
cinerea Schiff. Agr. 48
cinerea Warr. Syn. 220

cinescens Drt. Pulch. 172 ... 20 k

cinigera Fit. Rhy. 77 .... 11 h

cinnamomea Trti. Cal. 202
cinnamomea Trti. Sid. 120 . . 15 i

cinnamomeago Splr. Cosm. 153 19 d

cinnamomeogrisea Rothsch. Had. 113
cinnamomina Rothsch. Mer. 239
cinnamomina Rothsch. Oed. 21
cinnamomina Rothsch. Scot. 97 14 b

cinochrea Chret. Harm. 102
circellaris Hfng. Atet. 152
circumducta Led. Perig. 114
circumscripta Has. Mon. 115

cissigma Men. Rhy. 63 ... . 8 k'

citrago L. Cosm. 154 . 19 e

Cladocera Rmb. 43

Cladocerotis Hmps. 54, 198, 245

Cladocerotis 23

clara Osth. Cat. 213

clara Schaw. Ath. 180, 275 . . 26 i

clara Schtz. Amat. 152

clara Stgr. Agr. 59 . 7 h

clara Stgr. Agr. 246

clara Stgr. Dichag. 38

clara Stgr. Harm. 105 .... 13 i

clara Trnr. Arch. 193

clarescens Drt. Harm. 253 . . 25 c

clarescens Fdz. Agr. 53

claricolor Schaw. Naen. 89

claricostata Cti. Eux. 34 . . . 4 g

clarior Drt. Aleuc. 230, . . . . 24 d

clarior Fuchs Cue. 122

clarior Warn. Ath. 273

clarissa Stgr. Abr. 223 .... 23 li

clarissima Trti. Chlor. 197

clarivena Pglr. Rhy. 63 ... 8 g

clauda Pglr. Eux. 42

clauda Eux. 32

clava Leech. Agr. 62 . 8 d

clavipalpis Scop. Ath. 178 . . 21 e

clavipalpis Ath. 176, 275
Clavipalpula Stgr. 117
Cleophana Bsd. 127, 256

cleui Brs. Eux. 25 . 3d

Clytie Hbn. 217
C'lytie 278

c-nigrum L. Rhy. 79
c-nigrum Rhy. 196

coalescens Schz. Phyt. 221 . . 23 g

Coccidiphaga Splr. 202

coctilis Drt. Bleph. 146 .... 18 h

codeti Hmps. Ammet. 127, 256
codeti Oberth. Bryo. 146
Coelites Trti. 207, 264
Coeloturatia Strd. 278
Coenobia Steph. 194
coenobita Esp. Panth. 5
coerulescens Cock. Cat. 213

310

INDEX.

coerulescens Tuit Rhy. 77
cognita Stgr. Rhy. 66 ....

collina Bsd. Rhy. 65 .

collina Rhy. 248
colluta Drt. Dasyst. 147 ...

Colobochyla Hbn. 231
Colobochyla 264
Colocasia Hbn. 5
colorata Cti. & Drt. Anom. 87
colorata Krul. Oecl. 21
columbana Trnr. Sarr. 210
colnxnbina Drt. Rhy. 248 . . .
combinata Edelst. Non. 194
combinata Strd. Ephes. 216
comes Wnb Triph. 90 Co- .r A -
comma L. Sid. 119
comma Ostr. Phyfc. 221
comma Schiff. Audi. 91, 252
commixta Warr. Bry. 20
communimacula Schiff. Cal. 202
comosa Dum. Anum. 229
compacta Trti. Scot. 252
compitalis Drt. Crino 140 . .

compitalis Drt. Crino 257
completa Hmps. Con. 149
complicata Cti. Eux. 41 . . .

compta Schiff. Harm. 105
conciliata Btlr. Par. 157
conclamationis Trti. Agr. 51
concolor Oberth. Antit. 142
concolor Bob. Stilb. 173
concolor Tutt Aren. 192 *

concors Stgr. Derth. 133 . . .
concubia Wkr. Catoc. 265
condolens Schaw. Chlor. 197
conecta Wkr. Agr. 43
confina Kozh. Cer. 88
confinis DM. Bry. 19 ....

confinis Stgr. Rhy. 69 ... .
conflua Holze Die. 190
conflua Kief. Mon. 115
confluens Melt Cat. 265
confluens Schwing. Praest. 174
confluens Std. Eras. 209
confluens Vorbr. Ath. 176
conformis Brs. Eux. 242
confucii Alph. Oed. 21 ... .
confusa Rothsch. Porph. 205
confusa Steph. Phyt. 221, 222
confusa Trti. Polia 252
congesta Led. Ath. 179
congrua Hbn. Sid. 120
conicephala Stgr. Rap. 279
conifera Christ. Eux. 41
conifera Christ. Eux. 243
coniortota Fit. Mon. 117
Conisania 110, 254
Conistra Hbn. 148, 258
Conistra 271

conistrota Hmps. Porph. 204
conjuncta Esp. Cat. 213
conjuncta Hke. Agr. 49
conjuncta Hke. Pach. 109
conjuncta Hke. Orb. 148
conjuncta Heyd. 01. 159
conjuncta Hof. Atet. 152
conjuncta Klem. Harm. 102
conjuncta Nord. Ap. 187
conjuncta Rngn. Non. 194
conjuncta Schille Rhy. 82
conjuncta Splr. Ap. 185
connexa Btlr. Ephes. 315
connexa DM. Calot. 138
connexa DM. Ephes. 215
consanguinea Mr. Rhy. 79
consanguis Btlr. Acron. 9
consenescens Stgr. Rhy. 64 . .
consenescens Rhy. 269
consequa Hbn. Triph. 90
consignata Wkr. Agr. 62
consimilis Steph. Apor. 136 . .
onsona. F. Phyt. 222
onsparcata Err. Harm. 103

Plato

4 f
8 h

IS h

12 k

25 b

17 k

5 d

17 b

2 i
9 g

2 k

* S j

17 f
13 e

Plate

consparcatoides Schaw. Harm.

103 . 13 e

conspersa DM. Myth. 89
conspicillaris L. Xyl. 114, 255
conspicua A. B.-H. Polia ... 14 e

conspicua Hbn. Eux. 28

conspicua Eux. 36, 242

conspicua Leech Ath. 175, 272

conspurcata Wkr. Agr. 43

constabilis Wil. Mon. 116 . . . 15 g

constant! Mill. Agr. 53

constanti Agr. 32

contacta Kozh. Phyt. 221

contaminatoides Schaw. Naen. 89

contaminella Strd. Eog. 6

contempta Pglr. Had. 113 . . 15 e

contermina Cti. Rhy. 65 . . . 8 1

contigua Schiff. Polia 99

contigua Schtz. Cat. 212

contiguella Krul. Polia 99

continentalis Reisser Eux. 240

contorta R bl. Rhy. 81

contraria Heyd. Parast. 259

contristans Led. Bry. 15 . . . 2 a

contrita Christ. Catam. 184 . . 211

convergens Will. Mer. 188

conversa Catoc. 265

Copicucullia Sm. 125

Copicucullia 123, 255

Copiphana Hmps. 126

coraxa Pglr. Rhy. 74 .... 10 1

cordigera Thnbg. Anart. 198

coreae Strd. Phyt. 221 ... . 23 g

coreana Mats. Elydna 188 . . 22 c

coreana Mats. Hyp. 118

coreana Mats. Sid. 119

Corgatha Wkr. 206

Corisce Hbn. 216

cornuta Pglr. Usb. 166

cornuta Usbeca 271

corporea Cti. Eux. 26 .... 3 h

correpta Pglr. Hypost. 146

correpta Pglr. Hypost. 174, 27 1 21 b

correpta Prox. 277

corrupta Herz Epia 111

corrupta Herz Harm. 102 . . 13 c

corsa Pglr. Agr. 44 . 5 g

corsa Schaw. Par. 156

corsatra Schaw. Triph. 90

Corsica Rmb. Polia 101 .... 14 h

Corsica Trti. Par. 156 .... 19 f

corsicina Schaw. Rhy. 72

corsicola Cti. Eux. 29 .... 31

corsicosa Schaiv. Aut. 225

corsivola Schaw. Bry. 19 . . . 2 li

cortex Alph. Athaum. 145 . . 18 f

corticea Hmps. Prox. 277
corticea Hbn. Agr. 44
corticea Agr. 50
corticea Schiff. Agr. 24

corticula Pglr. Athaum. 145 . 18 f

cortii Wgn. Eux. 34 . 4 g

cortii Eux. 242
cortii Krug. Hyph. 118
Cortyta Wkr. 218
corusca Esp. Cal. 189
coryli L. Coloc. 5
coryphaea Pglr. Cer. 88

cos Hbn. Eux. 30 . 4 a

cos Hbn. Eux. 37
Cosmia Tr. 153, 258
Cosmia 261
Cossus 216

costaestriga Stgr. Rhy. 63 . . 8 g

costaevittata Wgn. Eux. 34, 242 4 g

costalis Blephar. 147
costiplaga Warr. Arm. 231
coturnicola Graes. Rhy. 80 . . 10 1

craccae F. Tox. 227
cracoviensis Pruff. Triph. 90
Craniophora Snell. 13, 238
Craniophora 7

| crasis H.-Schdff. Apor. 135 . . 17 e

Plate

crassa Hbn. Agr. 45
crassa Agr. 24, 43

crassicornis Oberth. Rhiz. 145 . 18 e

crassistriga Std. Eras. 209
cremorna Hmps. Porph. 204
cretacea Btlr. Phyll. 206 ... 23 a

cretacea Wgn. Arsil. I ... . lb
cretica Led. Sesam. 194
crimaea A. B.-H. Eux. 30
crimaea Kozh. Agr. 57, 246 . . 7 f

crinalis Tr. Herm. 235, 267
crinanensis B. &' Pi. Ap. 186 . 22 b

crinanensis Ap. 262

Crino Hbn. 139, 257

Crino 99, 163

crocea Rothsch. Porph. 205

croceago F. Chionox. 278

croceago F. Xanth. 148

croesus Brylc Phyt. 221

Crosia Dupt. 196

cruda Lenz Mon. 115, 116

Crymodes Gn. 161, 259

Crymodes 99, 157, 158. 166, 169, 257, 270

Crypsotidia Rothsch. 227

crypta Dadd Eux. 33 ... . 4 f

Cteipolia Stgr. 200, 263

cubitata Warr. Acron. 8

cucubali Esp. Harm. 102

Cucullia Schrk. 121

Cucullianae 121

cucuna Pglr. Rhy. 69 .... 9 i

cucuna Rhy. 32

culminicola Stgr. Eux. 28

cuhninicola Rhy. 71

culoti Rag. Derth. 132

culoti Trti. Ath. 181

culoti Ath. 273

cuneata Leech. Par. 158

cuprea Horm. Cal. 189

cuprea Schiff. Rhy. 81

cuprea Rhy. 251

cupreata Mats. Atrach. 161

cuprina Stgr. Eux. 31 .... 4 c

curoi Crym. 260

currens Eux. 39

currens Stgr. Eux. 29 .... 31

cursoria Eux. 243
cursoria Hfng. Eux. 29
cursoria Hf ng. Eux. 242
cursoriodes Hmps. Eux. 32
cursoriodes Hmps. Rhy. 73
curva Stgr. Sten. 145
. curvata Leech Hyph. 118
curvipglpis Btlr. Epiz. 232
cuspidata Cul. Agr. 49
cuspis Hbn. Acron. 10
cycladum Stgr. Eux. 30 ... 4 a

cymbalariae Hbn. Omia 199
cypraota Hmps. Eum. 138
cyrenaea Trti. Porph. 203 . . 22 k

cyrenaica Trti. Apor. 136
cyrnaea Splr. Rhy. 64 ... . S h
cyrnos Schaw. Rhy. 73

I>.

dahlii Hbn. Rhy. 74
dahnata Stgr. Rhy. 71
dalmatica Drt. Epim. 173 . . 20 k

dalmatica Rbl. Ameph. 128
dalmatica Wgn. Mon. 115
dalmatina Schwing. Scot. 97
dalmatina Wgn. Rhy. 72 . . . 10 f

damnata Drt. Rhy. 249 ... 26 b

danieli le C. Caloph. 130
danilovi O. B.-H. Ephes. 215
dannehli Byt.-S. Porph. 264
dannehli Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 75, 250 24 i
dannehli Drt. Pall. 167 .... 20 f

dannehli Htg. Cal. 189
dardouini Bsd. Lept. 202
darroensis Rbb. Rhy. 78
dasychira Hbn. Prox. 277

INDEX.

311

Plate

Dasypolia Hbn. 135

Dasysternum Stgr. 147

Dasysternum 200

Dasythorax Stgr. 147

Dasythorax 200, 225

dayensis Oberth. Pall. 168 . . . 20 h

deangulata Strd. Phyt. 221

debilis Brs. Atli. 276

debilis Bern. Acron. 13

debilis Warn. Megan. 38 . . . 17 h

debrunneata Strd. Litk. 137

decarneata Strd. Ear. 211

deceptoria Scop. Litk. 206

deceptricula Hbn. Bry. 15

deceptrix Stgr. Catam. 184 . . 211

deceptrix Catam. 278

decipiens Warn. Rky. 63 . . . 8 i

decolor A. B.-H. Polia 99

decolor A. B.-H. Tox. 228

decolor Drt. Apor. 136 ... . 17 f

decolor Bbl. Rky. 72

decolor Schtz. Cosm. 153

decolor Sohn-B. Tkol. 109

decolorata A. B.-H. Hadj. 184

decolorata Car. Cal. 195

decolorata DM. Lopk. 174

decolorata DM. Sid. 119

decolorata Stgr. Bar. 96 ... 14 a

decolorata Trti. Tripli. 90

decolorata Wgn. Porpk. 203

decora Hbn. Eux. 23

decora Schiff. Agrot. 1S1

decora Schiff. Eux. 31

decora Schiff. Eux. 242, 268

decorans Stgr. Eux. 31 ... . 4 b

decorata Dhl. Pliyt. 221

decorata Neub. Eux. 31

decorata Stgr. Eux. 32

decrepita DM. Polia 101

decreta Pglr. Las. 112

decussa Stgr. Agr. 61

decussa Stgr. Eux. 41

decyanea Strd. Acron. 10

deducta Ev. Cat. 213 .... 23 d

defasciata Hann. Harm. 105

defasciata Stertz Cat. 314

defasciata Wendt. Rky. 66 . . 9 a

defecta Std. Opk. 217'

defessa Led. Rky. 72 . 10 d

defessa Rky. 82

deficiens Wgn. Eux. 39 ... . 5 c

deflavata Schwing. Rky. 71

defuncta Stgr. Rky. 73

degener Hbn. Arsil. 7

degenerata Trti. Bry. 15

degenerata Stgr. Rky. 79

degeniata Christ. Rky. 73 . . 10 k

deinograplia Dhl. Hypk. 118

dejeani Melt Cat. 265

delecta Mr. Prox. 277

delectans Oberth. Rky. 78 . . . Ill

deleta Dhl. Mytk. 89

deleta Fdz. Eux. 24

deleta Hyp. 267

deleta Stgr. Eras. 209

deleta Warr. 190

deleta Wight m. Arck. 193

delicata Dhl. Herm. 235

delicata Trti. Hadj. 261

delicatula Oberth. Con. 149

deliciosa Oberth . Antit. 143 . . 18 b

Delta Saalm. 172

demaculata Hnrch. Morm. 212

demaculata Hoff. A: Kl. Hypk. 118

demarginata Schtz. Tripk. 90

demotica Pglr. Trick. 112 . . 15 c

denigrata Schtz. Tripk. 90

dentata Stgr. Arm. 231

denticulosa Esp. Agr. 55

denticulosa Wllgr. Agr. 43

dentilineata Draes. Nod. 234

dentimacula Hbn. Dertli. 132 . 17 a

dentina Schiff. Polia 99

' Plato

dentula Zed. Arcyo. 265 ... 26 g

deoclireata Strd. Tripk. 171
deparca Btlr. Rky. 75
deplanata Ev. Agr. 61 ... . 8 b

deplanata Rhy. 81

deplorata Stgr. Rky. 81 ... 12 d

depravata A. B.-H. Rky. 79
depravata Btlr. Sid. 162
depressa Pglr. Ant. 226 ... 24 b

depressa Pglr. Spintk. 147
depuncta L. Rhy. 64
depuncta Rky. 251, 269
dequadrata Dhl. Rhy. 64

derasa Cti. Eux. 35 . 4 h

derivalis Hbn. Herm. 235
Derthisa Wkr. 132
Derthisa 164, 256

descripta Brem. Rky. 76 . . . 11 g

deserta 4ms. Lept. 263

deserta Kozh. Cat. 214

deserta Stgr. Eux. 26 . 3 g

deserta Stgr. Eux. 24, 142
deserti Oberth. Phyll. 206
deserticola Ev. Agr. 50
deserticola Hmps. Agl. 254
deserticola Hmps. Card. 111. . 15b

desertorum Bsd. Agr. 50
desertorum Agr. 95

desiderata Cti. <fc Drt. Anom. 86 12 i
designata Byt.-S. Praest. 271
designata Trti. Diphth. 5 . . la

desillii Pier. Agr. 50
despecta Drt. Agr. 59, 247 . . 7 h

despecta Tr. Coen. 194
desquamata Fit. Polia 98
destituta Leech Rky. 74, 78
destrigata Strd. Nyct. 216
desyllesi Bsd. Pall. 168
desyllesi Bsd. Thol. 109 ... 14 i

determinata Cti. Eux. 41 . . 5 d

detersa Stgr. Parasc. 232, 279 . 24 f

detorta Ev. Eux. ^9, 243 3c;
detorta Eux. 29, 33
deuteronympha Stgr. Cat. 314
devagor Kozh. Symp. 199, 263
devh'idata Klem. Trach. 169
devh’idata Strd. Val. 142
deviridella Strd. Trach. 169
devota Christ. Rky. 85, 243 . . 8 k

dewitzi Leech Rky. 77 ... . Ilk

Dexiadena Fil. 161
diacrisioides Bothsch. Harpag.

165

diadela Hmps. Oed. 20 ... . 2 i

Diadochia Pglr. 165
dianthi Tausch. Scot. 97
[ Dianthoecia Bsd. 102
< I iaphana Kozh. Anar. 198
diaphora Brs. Eux. 34 ... . 4 g

diaphora Eux. 242
Diarsia Hbn. 74, 250
Diarsia Hbn. 74
Dichagyris Led. 57, 245
Dichagyris 23, 250
Dichonia Hbn. 137
Dicycla On. 190
Dicycla Gn. 154

dicyx Pglr. Rky. 82 . 12 e

Dierna Wkr. 23*

difficilis Ersch. Rky. 73 ... 10 i

difficillima Drt. Eux. 243 ... 26 b

diffluens Stgr. Cleopk. 256
diffluens Cleoph. 127
diffusa Bngn. Apl. 251
diffusa Strd. Min. 216
diffusa Strd. Synth. 195
diffusipicta Strd. Moma 5
digna Alph. Rhy. 81
digna Btlr. Acron. 12
dignensis Trnr. Harm. 107
dilatata Btlr. Hypox. 89
dilecta Catoc. 265
dilucida Ev. Agr. 53

Plate

dilucida Him. Aut. 226

diluta Htg. Antit. 144

diluta Bbl. Pach. 109

diluta Bothsch. Cleoph. 127 . . 10 f

diluta Schaw. Eux. 23

dilutata Trti. Bry. 15

dilutiapicata Fil. Val. 141

dilutior Hnrch. Spud. 150

dilutior Schwing. Hyss. 114

dilutior Schwing. Lept. 202

dilutior Wgn. Actin. 91

Diloba Bsd. 223

dimidia Z. Agr. 43

dimorpha O. B.-H. Val. 142 . 17 1

diniensis Hnrch. Cat. 213
Diphthera Tr. 5

diplogramma Hmps. Rky. 68 . 9 f

dipsacea L. Chlor. 197

Dipterygia Steph. 156

dirempta Stgr. Agr. 43, 244 . . 25 h

dirempta Agr. 24, 45

dirina Bmb. Oria 194

discalis Bothsch. Antit. 142

Discestra Hmps. 96

discoidalis Strd. Car. 211

discolor Krul. Hydr. 188

discoinsignita Strd. Rap. 233

discors Stgr. Derth. 133 ... 17 b

discrepans Stgr. Draudt. 260

discrepans Stgr. Marg. 164 . . 20 c

disjunctana Strd. Phyt. 221

dispar Pglr. Cort. 218 .... 23 e

dispar Vrty. Bry. 19

disparata Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 76 . 11 g

disparella Strd. Cort. 218

disparoides Strd. Cort. 218

dissimilis Knock Polia 99

dissoluta Krul. Parast. 259

dissoluta Stgr. Agr. 59 ... . 71

dissoluta Tr. Arck. 193

dissona Mschlr. Eux. 35 . . . 4 k

distaxis Brs. Eux. 21

distaxis Eux. 27

distigma Clvret. Ath. 182

distigma Chret. Ath. 275

distincta A. B.-H. Eos. ... 22 f

distincta Cti. Eux. 95

distincta Hnrch Polia 99

distincta Bothsch. Ampk. 155

distincta Bothsch. Arm. 231

distincta Bothsch. Bry. 15

distincta Bothsch. Pand. 225

distincta Bothsch. Riv. 233

distincta Stgr. Eux. 25 ... . 3d

distincta Stgr. Eux. 27 ... . 3 k

distincta Stgr. Eux. 33

distincta Stgr. Eux. 240

distincta Stgr. Had. 113 ... 15 d

distincta Warr. Ap. 187

distinctior Draes. Hadj. 183

distinguenda Led. Eux. 240

distinguenda Eux. 25, 41

distracta Cti. Eux. 39 ... . 5 c

distracta Ev. Hypost. 74

distracta Ev. Non. 271, 278

disturbans Pglr. Agr. 56

ditrapezium Bkh. Rky. 17 . . 12 a

divergens Btlr. Hyp. 1 18

dives Haw. Polia 99

divina Cut. Cue. 121

divisa Esp. Bry. 15

divisa Bry. 239

divisa Mr. Cran. 13

divisa Mr. Prox. 277

divitefimbriata Oberth. Ath. 179

divitefimbriata Bothsch. Rky. 274

divulsa Cti. Eux. 40 . 2 b

doerriesi Stgr. Catoc. 265
doerriesi Stgr. Sid. 163
doleschalli Fldr. Eriop. 170
dolis Grt. Eux. 31

dolopis Hmps. Bry. 16 ... 2 c

dominans Cti. & Drt. Rky. 73 Hi

312

INDEX.

Plate

donzeli A. B.-H. Eux. 25 . . . 3 e

dormitans Cti. & Drt. Rh y. 249
dormitans Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 67 7 c

dorsalis Strd. Eur. 211
dorsilutea Strd. Hyl. 211
dovrensis WocJce Las. 112
dovrensis Wocke Polia 101
dracunculi Hbn. Cue. 123

draesekei Cti. Rliy. 77 ... . Hi
Dr aster ia 220, 230

draudti Brs. Atb. 276 ... . 26 h

draudti Osth. Dasyth. 147 ... 18 i

draudti Osth. Dasyth. 225

draudti Wgn. Pojia 253 . ... 26 b

Draudtiana Trti. 260

drenowskii Phi. Harm. 253 . . 26 e

drenowskii Bbl. Polia 101

dresnayi Luc. Athet. 272

drewseni Stgr. Eux. 35 ... . 4 h

Dryobota Led. 138

Dryobotodes Warr. 141, 257

dubia Dup. Antit. 114, 143, 257

dubia Trti. Harm. 103 ... . 13 f

dubia Vorbr. Rhy. 71

dubiosa A. B. H. Crino 140

dubiosa Drt. Agr. 246

ductana Drt. Perig. 114 ... 18 g

duebenia Strd. Lith. 137

duercki Drt. Harm. 104 ... 13 h

duercki Harm. 254

dufanae Oberth. Eux. 25 . . . 3 f

dufayi d' Aid. Xyl. 137

dufranei Drt. Bry. 19

dufranei Lamb. Agr. 49

data Brem. Morm. 212

dulana Strd. Morm. 212

dulcis Alph. Rby. 79

dulcis Oberth. Aren. 192 ... 22 f

dulcis Aren. 263

dumerilii Dup. Pall. 168, 261

dumerilii Thol. 109

dumetorum Hbn. Crym. 161 . 19 k

dumetorum Crym. 166

dumosa Donz. Rhy. 65

dungana Alph. Sid. 120 ... 15 i

dungerni Bngn. Acron. 238

duosigna Hmps. Eux. 32

duosigna Hmps. Agr. 50

duplicata Btlr. Ephes. 215

duplicata Btlr. Hypb. 118 . . 15 g

duplicata Stgr. Cue. 255

duplicata Wil. Grela. 212

durandi Luc. Rby. 269

durnalayana Osth. 129 . . . . 16 b

du seutrei Oberth. Bry. 20, 239 25 f

du seutrei Oberth. Arum. 256

du seutrei Oberth. Metop. 126

dyris Zy. Rby. 249 . 24 i

Dyrzela Wkr. 188
Dysmilicliia Speis. 182
Dysmilichia 277

E.

Earias Hbn. 211

ebru'nea Harm. Litb. 206

eburnea Sohn-R. Polia 101 . . 14 b

eburnea Trti. Porpb. 205

Ecbolemia Hmps. 164

Eccrita 227

Ectogonia Hmps. 279

edda Stgr. Rhy. 63 . 8 It

efflorescens Btlr. Triph. 90

effusior Dhl. Cran. 14 ... . 11

effundens Cti. Xest. 83 ... 12 f

egena Led. Trich. 112 .... 15 b

egestosa Drt. Porpb. 203

egorovi O. B.-H. Arnat. 151 . 18 m

einsleri Ams. Aut. 225

Elapkria Hbn. 272

elbursalis Drt. Zancl. 280

elbursica Drt. Rhy. 250 .... 25 k

electaria Brem. Pelam. 217

Plate

electariella Strd. Pelam. 217
electra Bang-H. Cat. 213
electra Stgr. Rby. 66

elegans Ev. Rby. 72 . 10 f

elegans Rhy. 250

elegans Horh. Con. 258

elegans Stgr. Therm. 228

elineata Dufr. Acron. 11

elinguis Pglr. Jax. 165 ... 20 d

ebsabethae Kotzsch Apl. 84

ellapsa Cti. Rby. 63

ellisoni Brs. Atb. 275 . 26 1

elocata Esp. Cat. 213
elongata Trti. Eux. 269
elota Hbn. Par. 158
elsa Schtz. Con. 149
elvira Schaw. Derth. 132
elychrysi Rmb. Porpb. 264
Elydna Wkr. 188, 262

eminens Led. Rby. 72 . . . . 10 f

emir Oberth. Bomb. 135
emu Oberth. Porpb. 204
emolliens Hmps. Eux. 25 . . . 3 f

emortualis Schiff. Aetb. 279
Enargia Hbn. 190, 262
enargiaris Drt. Xest. 251 ... 25 e

enarismene Slast. Trach. 169
enceladaea Trti. Antit. 143
endogaea Bsd. Agr. 48 ... . 0 a.

endogaea Agr. 26
enervata Warn. Sid. 119
engadinensis Wgn. Sid. 119
enigmatica Trti. Props. 277

enitens Cti. Agr. 51 . 6 b

enitens Eux. 243
enixa Pglr. Eux. 28
Enmonodia Gn. 216
enodata A. B.-H. Apl. 108
Eogena Gn. 6
eos Cul. Con. 150

eos Oberth. Agr. 53 . 6 i

eotbina Dhl. Acron. 11 ... . 1 e

eothina Dhl. Phyll. 206

Ephesia Hbn. 215, 266

Ephesia 265

Epia Hbn. Ill, 254

Epia Hbn. 102, 253

Epilecta Hbn. 89

Epimecia Gn. 173

epipbleps Trti. Scot. 269

Epipsilia Hbn. 73

Epipsilia 22, 53, 269

Episema O. 223

Episema 54, 261

epixanthana Mezg. Tracb. 169

Epizeuxis Hbn. 232

Erastria Tr. 209

Erastrianae 201, 263, 278

Ercheia Wkr. 217

erebina Btlr. Arnpb. 155

erebina Hmps. Syp. 224

eremica Ams. Rby. 248

eremicola Stdfs. Agr. 57 . . . 7 d

eremicola Dichag. 38, 246

eremistis Pglr. Disc. 96

eremita A. B.-H. Hadj. 184 . 21 k

Eremobia Steph. 161, 259

Eremobia 140

eremochroa Hmps. Cort. 218

eremocosma Atb. 273

eremocosma Brs. Atb. 276 . . 26 i

Eremodrina Brs. 275

eremopbila PM. Arm. 231 . . 24 e

Eremopola Warr. 150, 164

Eremopola Warr. 260

eriophora Pglr. Con. 148 . . . 18 1

eriopoda H.-Schaff. Sciopt. 261

eriopoda Scio. 183

eriopodoides Strd. Scio. 183

Eriopus Tr. 170

Eriopygodes Hmps. 114

ernesti Drt. Metop. 256 ... 25 c

ernesti Rothsch. Porph. 205

Plate

errata Gn. Polia 99
erratricula Rmb. Ol. 160
erseboffi Stgr. Anom. 87 . . . 12 a

erubescens Dhl. Eux. 30
erubescens Rothsch. Cat. 213
erubescens Strd. Ear. 211
erubescens Stgr. Pseud. 166

erubescens Stgr. Rby. 65 . . . 8 k

eruta Hbn. Eux. 33

erythra Schaw. Antit. 143 . . 18 b

erythraea Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 76 . 11 g

erythrago Warr. 153

erythrina Rmb. Rby. 72 . . . 10 f

erythrocephala F. Con. 148

erythrocephala Wgn. Cue. 124

Erytlirophaia Stgr. 198

erythrostigma Haw. Ap. 185 . 22 a

erythrostigma Nord. Ap. 187
erythroxylea Tr. Agr. 52
essoni Hmps. Peuc. 115
Esteparia Fdz. 173, 261, 239
Estimata Kozh. 74

estonica Drt. Harm. 103 ... 13 e

esulae Hbn. Acron. 13

esurialis Pglr. Diad. 165 ... 20 d

euanthes Schtz. Con. 149

Eubleinma Hbn. 202, 264

Euchorista Warr. 117

eucrinita Trti. Spud. 151

eucrinospila Brs. Atb. 276 . . 26 h

eucta Hmps. Bry. 17 ... . 2 e

eudoxia Stgr. Erytb. 198

Eueretagrotis Srn. 91

eugeniae Kard. Cal. 189

eugramma Hmps. Agr. 50

eugraphomena Std. Bracb. 134

Eulocastra Btlr. 208, 264

Eulocastra 181

Eumichtis Hbn. 138

Eumichtis 92, 257, 270

eumorpha Alph. Copic. 125 . . 16 e

euphorbiae H.-Schaff. Acron. 13

euphorbiae Schiff. Acron. 12

euphorbiae Acron. 238

euphrasiae Brahm Acron. 12

Euplexia Steph. 169, 261

euplexina Rbl. Chut. 169 ... 20 i

euporia Dhl. Phyt. 221

euprepiata Dhl. Orect. 233

Ettpsilia Hbn. 148

eureka Trti. Aneur. 279

Eurois Hbn. 87

europa Schaw. Opb. 217

euryloma Cti. Agr. 57

euryphaea Hmps. Clyt. 218

euryptera Brs. Hoplod. 272 . . 26 1

Eusemia Dalm. 3

eustratii Alph. Hept. 164

Eustrotia Hbn. 207, 264

Eutelia Hbn. 210

Eutelianae 210

Euterpia Gn. 195, 280

eutychea Tr. Epbes. 215, 266

Euxoa Hbn. 23, 240, 268

Euxoa 55, 142

euxoides Rothsch. Atb. 179

evanida Pglr. Pseud. 166 ... 20 e

eversmanni Pet. Rby. 248, 269

eversmanni Stgr. Pbyt. 222

eversmanni Stgr. Polia 100

evestigata Drt. Epia 234 ... 26 a

evidens Hbn. Sid. 119

evidens, Leuc. 75

Evisa Reisser 185

exacta Christ. Oncocn. 133 . . 17 c

exacta Stgr. Agr. 56 . 7 b

excavata Mats. Anom. 85
exclamans Ev. Agr. 59
exclamationis L. Agr. 49, %4-A,
exclamationis L. Agr. 32. 42
exclamationis L. Eux. 23
exigua Hbn. Laph. 174
eximia Frr. Meg. 128, 196

INDEX.

315

Plate

Haemassia Hmps. 183

haematidea Dup. Amat. 151

kagar Rothsch. Antit. 142

hahni Christ. Agr. 60

haifae Stgr. Agr. 95

halimi Chret. Atk. 180

halimi Atk. 275

halimi Mill. Pseud. 166

hamifera Stgr. Calopk. 129

kampsoni A. B.-H. Rky. 68

kampsoni Hmps. Bry. 17 . . . 2 e

Harmodia Him. 102, 253

karoldiana Oberth. Cat. 213

Harpagopliana Hmps. 126

karterti Rothsch. Anum. 329

kartmanni Splr. Bry. 17

karuspex le C. Rky. 82

hastifera Donz. Eux. 23, 29, 240,

268 . 3 c

haverkampfi Stfs. Eux. 26, 240 3 g

haworthii Curt. 01. 161 \bOQ-

kaywardi Tams Tripk. 90

hedeni Graes. Pall. 261

kedyckroa Brs. Atk. 276 .. . 26 k

keinricki Schaw. Polia 98

helena Ev. Epkes. 266, 315

kelenae Cti. & Drt. Anom. 86 . 12 i

keliodora Schaw. Tar. 209

Hcliotkidinae 189, 263

Heliothis Tr. 200

kelladica Rbl. Agr. 55

kelvetica Schaiv. Polia 98 . . . 14 d

kelvetina Bsd. Rky. 68

helvetina ,Rky. 249 LheJs/al/t. I 5"2

hellwegeri Bill. Agr. 46
kellwegeri Schaw. Epia 1 1 1
kemileuca Pglr. Acron. 8 . . . lb
kemispkerica Hmps. Eux. 29
henkei Stgr. Anum. 229
kenrici Cti. & Drt. Rky. 75 . . Ilf
Heptapotamia Alph. 164
keptarcliia Brs. Atk. 274 .. . 26 1

kerculea Cti. & Drt. Rky. 64 . 8 e

liercules Fldr. Acron. 11 . . 1 g

kercyniae Stgr. Crym. 162 . . 19 1

keringi Stgr. Eux. 30 .... 4 b

heringi Drt. Harm. 104 ... 13 k

heringi Eux. 242
Herminia Lair. 235, 267
Herminia 279
Hermonassa Wkr. 62
Hermonassa Wkr. 62
kerrick-Sckaefferi Alph. Rky.

74 . 10 k

kerricki Stgr. Pkyt. 222

kerzi Alph. Aleuc. 230 .... 24 e

kerzi Christ. Rky. 80 .... 12 b

herzioides Cti. & Drt. Rky. 80 12 c

kessii Bsd. Arck. 193
Heterographa Stgr. 164, 260
keterogyna O. B.-H. Apl. 108

kilaris Frr. Eux. 41, 243 ... 5 e

kilaris Oberth. Cat. 213

kilaris Schaw. Acantk. 229 . . 24 d

kilaris Stgr. Harp. 126 .... 15 1

kilaris Wrli. Pack. 109

kilgerti Rothsch. Anum. 229 . 24 c

Hillia Grt. 135
kimalayensis Trti. Agr. 59
himalayica Roll. Atk. 274
hippocastanaria Pachycn. 14
liirayamae Mats. Hyp. 118

hirsuta Stgr. Dasytli. 147 ... 18 i

hirsuta Stgr. Dasytk. 226

hirsuta Stgr. Leuc. 131

kirsuta Wgn. Pall. 168 .... 20 k

kirta Hbn. Ulock. 132 .... 16 1

kispana Bsd. Dertk. 132

hxspana Rmb. Dertk. 132

hispanica Cti. Agr. 53

kispanica Cti. & Drt. Agr. 57 . 6 k

kispanica Fdz. Hyl. 211

kispanica Mab. Atk. 178, 247 . 21 f

Plato

kispanica Warr. Leuc. 131
histrionica F. Prod. 174
kispida Hbn. Leuc. 131 ... 16 k

lioenei Mats. Sid. 169 .... 20 a

koferi Cti. Rhy. 74
koffmanni Sid. Protk. 232
koggari Rothsch. Agr. 51 . . . 6 d

kokkaidalis W. & W. Hyp. 236
kolopkaea Drt. Litk. 137 .. . 17 g

komicida Stgr. Eux. 26 ... 3 k

homicida Eux. 34
homochroma Hmps. Rky. 77

konei O. B.-H. Elydna 189

kbnei O. B.-H. Eiipl. 169

konei O. B.-H. Pall. 261

kbnei Mell Epkes. 266

kbnei Pglr. Perig. 114 . . . . 15 f

lionesta Stgr. Agr. 62 . 8 c

honesta Agr. 42
hongarica Warr. Hyl. 211
honoratina Donz. Eux. 31
Hoplodrina Brs.

koerkammeri Schaw. Bry. 15 . 2 a

korkammeri Wgn. Cue. 255 . . 26 a

korkammeri Wgn. Leuc. 130

korkammeri Wgn. Lopk. 125

liorrida Dhl. Par. 156

hospes Graes. Rad. 182, 183

kospita A. B.-H. Las. 113 . . 15 c

kostilis Brs. Cue. 255 .... 26 c

koulberti Oberth. Ker. 212

kiibneri Brs. Eux. 24 .... 3 b

hubneri Eux. 28, 240

kiibneri Cut. Con. 149

hucherardi Mab. Hydr. 187 . . 22 b

hucherardi Mab. Hydr. 262

huguenini Riihl Agr. 45

humigena Pglr. Eux. 26

humilis Christ. Harm. 104

humilis F. Amat. 151

kybris Hbn. Rapk. 223 .... 23 i

Hydrilla 227

Hydroecia Gn. 187, 262

kyerensis Strd. Dick. 137 ... 17 k

Hylopliila Hbn. 211

Hylophilina Warr. 211

Hymenodrina Brs.

Hymenodrina 373

kymenoides Draes. Epkes. 216 23 d

Hypena Schrk. 236, 267
Hypeninae 1
Hypenodes Gn. 267

kyperborea Zett. Rky. 73 ... lib
hyperborea Rky. 65
hyperici Scliiff. Actin. 91
Hyperiodes Warr. 117
Hypeuthina Led. 172
Hyphilare Hbn. 118
Hypobarathra Hmps. 110
Hypomecia Stgr. 125
Hypomecia 126

kypostigma Brs. Atk. 176, 274 21 d

Hypostilbia Hmps. 174, 271
Hypostilbia 146

kypotaenia Byt.-S. Amatk. 270 23 k

Hypotype Hmps. 146

Hypoxestia Hmps. 89

Hypsopkila Stgr. 199

Hyptioxesta Rbl. 209

liyrcana Cti. & Drt. Agr. 55 6 1

kyreana Cti. Eux. 37 .... 5 a

kyreana Drt. Harm. 254 ... 26 c

kyreana Drt. Harm. 105, 254 13 i, 26 c

Hyssia Gn. 114

lambia Wkr. 171
Iaxartia Pg r. 165
ibeasi Fdz. Atk. 276
iberica Cid. Thalp. 171
iberica Hmps. Atk. 180
iberica O. B.-H. Pseud. 166

Plate

iberica Zy. Agr. 58 . 7 k

iberica Zy. Agr. 247

ickinosawana Mats. Tox. 227 . 24 c

i-cinctum Schiff. Perig. 114

icterias Ev. Hypob. 110 ... 14 k

idia Stgr. Cham. 200

idonea Cr. Agr. 43

ifranae le C. Hydr. 262

igdyrensis Teich Acron. 238

ignara Stgr. Agr. 59 . 7 i

ignara Stgr. Dichag. 38

ignicola Warr. Harm. 103

ignicola Warr. Harm. 253

ignicula Dhl. Trig. 169

ignipeta Oberth. Rky. 66

ignobilis Hmps. Rhy. 95

iliensis Drt. Acron. 10 ... . 1 e

illauta Drt. Agr. 245 . 25 b

iilecebrosa Pglr. Antit. 144 . . 18 d

illuminata Trti. Rhy. 66
illustris Dhl. Bry. 15

illyria Frr. Par. 157 . 19 g

illyrica Rbl.&Zy. Rky. 76
ilonkae Diosz. Callog. 170
imandrensis Ling. Apl. 251
imbecilla F. Eriop. 114
irnbuta Bsd. 190

iminenia Zy. Agr. 247 .... 25 i

imitata Cti. A Drt. Agr. 56 . . 7 c

Imitator Alph. 231
mmaculata Bromb. Cue. 122
mmaculata Gauck. Amat. 152
mmaculata Hrch. Calot. 138
mmaculata Schaw. Bleph. 92, 252

immaculata Schaw. Erio. 114
immaculata Shelj. Pantkea 5
immaculata Slev. Track. 169
immaculata Stgr. Con. 148
impar Hmps. Cort. 218
impedita Christ. Pseudoh. 165 20 d

imperator A. B.-H. Agr. 57 . . 7 d

imperialis Schaw. Porph. 203
impexa Pglr. Eux. 37 ... . 41

impexa Eux. 32
impleta Splr. Con. 148
implexa Hbn. Scot. 97 ... . 14 b

implicata Lef. Em. 87 ... . 10 e

implicata Eur. 95

improba Stgr. Aren. 55, 192 . 22 d

improcera Stgr. Agr. 56
impudica Stgr. Xyl. 137 ... 17 g

impuncta Stgr. Sid. 120
impunctata Trnr. Arch. 193
impura Hbn. Sid. 120
impura Schwing. Aren. 192 . . 22 d

inamoena Fil. Pyral. 233
incerta Hfng. Mon. Hftr .$
ipcerta Stgr. Mesot. 201 ... 22 k

incerta Tutt Pall. 167 .... 20 f

incipiens Schaw. Pkyt. 221
incisa Mr. Agr. 62

inclusa Cti. Eux. 29 . 4 a

incognita Drt. Sid. 120 .... 15 k

incognita Stgr. Agr. 51 . . . . 6 c

incognita Stgr. Eux. 41
incolorata Warr. Cosm. 154
incommoda Krul. Eustr. 207
incompleta Bur. Gramm. 217
inconspicua Btlr. Aut. 225
inconspicua Hbn. Pkyt. 222
inconspicua Rothsch. Rliy. 78
inconstans Btlr. Cat. 265
incretata Hmps. Acron. 10 . . If
indecoralis Wkr. Nagad. 235
indekeata Trti. Hadj. 261
indentata Fdz. Eux. 24
inderiensis H.-Schaff. Cue. 122
Indiana Gn. Ortk. 88
indiges Trti. Par. 156
indistincta Christ. Sid. 120
inermis Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 69 . . 9 k

inexpectata Kozh. Agr. 247, 246
inexpectata Alph. Eux. 39

316

INDEX.

Plate

inexpectata Kozh. Agr. 57,246 7 f

inextrita Pglr. Bry. 146 ... 18 g

infantilis Stgr. Rhy. 74
infasciata Mali Eplies. 266
informis Leech Agr. 50 ... . 6 b

informis Agr. 32
inf r acta Wkr. Eux. 32
inframicans limps. Hyph. 118
infrarubra Strd. Sopht. 205
infumata Hof. Thalp. 171
infumata Schwing. Epis. 223
infumata Schwing. Syn. 220
infusca Const. Ath. 177, 274
infusca Rmb. Atli. 273
infuscata Braes. Rhy. 63 . . . 11c

infuscata Haw. Acron. 11
infuscata Porr. Antit. 143
infuscata Schwing. Crym. 162
infuscata Tshetv. Cue. 122
ingenua Frr. Apor. 136

ingloria A. B.-LI. Crym. 162 . 19 1

ingloria Drt. Metal. i28, 256 . 16 h

ingrata Btlr. Agr. 44 . . . . . 5 g

ingrata Stgr. Ath. 178, 2!M . . 21 f

ingrica H.-Schaff. Lith. 137
innocens Krul. Tox. 228
innocens Splr. Cat. 213
innocua W. & W. Hyp. 236
innotata Failla Cosm. 154 . . 19 d

increta Btlr. Acron. 10
inornata Mats. Triph. 171
inornata Alph. Tracli. 169
inquieta Pglr. Sten. 145 ... 18 f

inquinata Led. Colob. 331 . . 23 d
inquinata Mai). Erem. 164 . . 20 c
insana H.-Schaff. Ceroc. 219 . 23 f

insanella Strd. Ceroc. 220
inscripta Esp. Phyt. 221

insignata Led. Rhy. 64, 248, 269
insignata Wil. Gela. 212
insolita Stgr. Had. 113
insubrica Krilg. Crino 140
insulana Bsd. Ear. 211
insularis Trti. Pliragm. 191
insulana OIL Eux. 33 ... . 4 e

insulata Klem. Con. 220
insulicola Trti. Rhy. 71, 250 . 10 c

intensa Warr. Harm. 103
intensior Drt. Eux. 241 ... 25 a

interca Mats Rhy. 75
interjecta Hbn. Triph. 252
interjecta Triph. 90
intermedia Guth Crym. 162
intermedia Hal). Cosm, 154 . . 19 d

intermedia Hcyd. Ap. 185, 187
intermedia Htg. Antit. 143
intermedia Harm. Ol. 159
intermedia Oberth. Xanth. 148 18 1

intermedia Rothsch. Caloph. 129 16 i

intermedia Rothscli. Copiph, 126
intermedia Rothsch. Triph. 90,

203

intermedia Tutt Ap. 186
intermedia Tutt Leuc. 131 . . 16 k

intermedia Warr. Acron. 10
intermedia albomaculata Hcyd.

Ap. 187

internigrata Warr. Sid. I T> 2
interrogation is L. Syn, 220, 266
interrupta Rngn. Phyt. 266
interrupta Rngn. Syngr. 266
intersectana Costn. Hyl. 211
intolerabilis Pglr. Eux. 32
intracta Wkr. Eux. 38
intradeleta Osth. Metal. 128
intricans Alph. Cham. 200
intricata Dap. Con. 148
inumbrata Rothsch. Ath. 275
inumbrata Stgr. Ath. 180 . . . 21 g

inumbrata Stgr. Ath. 176, 275
invenusta, Kozh. Agr. 62 . . . 8 c

inversa Der. Parast. 259
inversa Osth. Dryob. 138

Plate

i invittata Schtz. Calot. 138
iobaphes Brs. Eux. 269 .... 23 k

iobaphes Brs. Rhy. 251
iota, Trnr. Pall. 167
Ipimorpha 184, 189

iris Zett. Hill. 135 . 17 e

irkuta Drt. Perig. 114 ... . 18 g

irregularis Hfng. Epia 111 . . 15 a

irrisor Ersch. Card. Ill, 269

irritaria A. B.-H. Pall. 167 . . 20 f

ishidae Graes. Rhy. 77

islandica Stgr. Eux. 35 ... . 4 i

islandica Eux. 33

islyana Oberth. Eux. 24

Isochlora Stgr. 91

Isochlora 199

isochroma Hmps. Rhy. 77

isoloma Pglr. Scot. 98 ... . 14 d

isotima Pglr. Cteip. 200 ... 22 i

isshikii Mats. Rhy. 83
italica Trti. & Vrty. Crym. 162 19 k

iveni Iibn. Rhy. 74 . 10 k

jacobsi Rothsch. Ath. 179 . . .
jacobsi Rothsch. Ath. 275
jacobsi Ath. 273
jacobsoni Kozh. Agr. 246
jaderensis Std. Anua 217
jaeschkei Kuj. Acron. 12
jaeschkei Warn. Arch. 193
jago Oath. Triph. 90

janae Herz Apl. 84 .

jankowskii Oberth. Acron. 8 . .
jankowskii Oberth. Cue. 121
jansseni Prt. Ephes. 215
janthina Schiff. Triph. 90
japonago W. & W. Cosm. 154 .
japonibia Strd. Call. 195
japonibia Strd. Eriop. 170
japonica Warr. Mon. 116
japonica Drt. Pan. 199 . . . .
japonica Hone Xyl. 137 . . .
japonica Mats. Cue. 121
japonica Mcll Cat. 265
japonica Neubg. Lith. 137
japonica Strd. Eux. 38
jaspidea Vill. Val. 22, 141
jezoensis Mats. Acron. 10
jezoensis Mats. Brach. 134
jezoensis Mats. Maik. 237
jezoensis Mats. Mon. 115 . . .
jezoensis Mats. Par. 157 . . .
jezoensis Mats. Triph. 171
joannisi Dufr. Agr. 52
joannisi 67. <fc le P. Eux. 43, 269
joannisi Henr. Con. 150
jodea Gn. Rhiz. 145
johanna Stgr. Bryom. 258
johanna Bryom. 257, 270

johni Pglr. Sid. 163 .

johni Stertz Antit. 143 . . . .
jonis Led. Antit. 144
jordana Bart. Sid. 120 . . . .
jordana Stgr. Amph. 174
jordana Stgr. Catam. 184 . . .
jordana Stgr. Leuc. 131
jordana Stertz Hypom. 125 . .
jordani Rothsch. Enar. 190
jordani Trti. Rhy. 65 . . . .

jordani Rhy. 248
jota ( = iota) L. Phyt. 222
jozana Mats. Acron. 9 . . . .
jozankeana Mats. Cue. 122
judaea Stgr. Acron. 11 . . . .
judaeorum Strd. Cue. 123 . .

judaica Hmps. Aleuc. 230. . .
judaica Stgr. Sid. 164 . . . .

juditha Dasyst. 147
jugorum Ersch. Hyps. 199 . .

juldussi Alph. Rhy. 82
juldussica A. B.-H. Crino 139

21 g

12 f
1 c

19 e

22 h
17 g

19 h

26 e

20 a
18 c

15 i

21 I
15 1
12 k

1 d

1 g
16 c
24 h
20 b

22 i

Plate

jullieni Cul. Con. 149

junci Bsd. Aren. 192

junctimacula Christ. Agr. 56 7 c

junonia Stgr. Rhy. 67

jura Strd. Agr. 53

jurassica Rigg. Ath. 176 . . . 21 d
justa Cti. & Drt. Agr. 44 . . . 5 h
justifica Cti. & Drt. Agr. 45 . . 5 h

jutlandica Hoffm. &■ Kn. Ap.

262

juvenis Stgr. Agr. 60, 247
juventina Cr. Eriop. 170

K.

kaaba Oberth. Agr. 56 .... 6 k

kabuli O. B.-H. Ephes. 215

kacem le C. Rhy. 250

kadeni Frr. Ath. 274 .... 25 1

kadeni Oberth. Ath. 273

kadenii Frr. Ath. 178

kalchbergi Hypen. 267

kalchbergi Stgr. Antit. 144 . . 18 e

kalgana Drt. Cran. 14 ... . 11

kammeli Dhl. Mon. 115

kanei Rbl. Dich. 137

kansuensis Drt. Enar. 190 . . 22 e

kansuensis O. B.-H. Cat. 213

karafutonis Mats. Ol. 160

karafutonis Mats. Rhy. 83

karagaia A. B.-H. Harm. 103 . 13 f

karschi Graes. Eux. 35 ... . 4 h

karsiana Stgr. Viet. 145

kashmirensis Hmps. Megal. 128,

196

kaschmirensis Strd. Cat. 213
kaschmiricola Strd. Agr. 62
keltana Ams. Ath. 181
keltana Ams. Bry. 239
kenteana Stgr. Rhy. 65 ... 8 i

Kerala Mr. 212

kermesina Mob. Rhy. 78 . . . Ilk

Jcermesina Rhy. 274

khalildja Oberth. Metop. 126 . . 16 f

khalildja Metop. 256

kieferi Rbl. Rhy. 63

kindermanni Fisch.- R iss. Amath .

258

kindermanni Amath. 151

kirghisa Ev. Agr. 57 . lib

kitti Rbl. Ath. 181 . 21 i

kitti Rbl. Prox. 277

kitti Schaw. Had. 109
kneuckeri Rbl. Acrob. 231
koizumidakeana Mats. Anarta
198

kollari Led. Rhy. 64 . S a

kolymae Herz Rhy. 95
kononis Mats. Agr. 61
kononis Mats. Apl. 84
kononis Mats. Rhy. 81
koppeni Alph. Xest. 83
Koraia Herz 216

korbae Pglr. Sin. 208 .... 23 b

korbi Pglr. Lampr. 210
korbi Stgr. Cleoph. 128 .... 16 g

koreana Drt. Stilb. 172 . . . 20 k

koreana Herz Apop. 225
korlana Drt. Acron. 13 ... . 1 i

korsakovi Christ. Derth. 133
kotschubeyi Shelj. Cat. 213
kotschubeyi Shelj. Pantk. 5
kotzschi Drt. Eux. 268 .... 24 i

kowatschevi Dren. Polia 98
kozhantschikovi Pglr. Sid. 163 20 a

kozhantschikovi Drt. Agr. 62
kraussi Rbl. Caloph. 129 ... 16 i

krauti Lax Amat. 151
krugeri Trti. Harm. 103 ... 13 f

krugeri Trti. Pall . 20 g

kuangtungensis Melt Cat. 214
kuangtungensis Catoc. 265
kuelekana Stgr. Eubl. 202

INDEX.

317

Plate

kuijarensis Strd. Eux. 32
kuijarensis Strd. Rhy. 73
kulmburgi Rbl. Usbeca 27, 166 23 c

kungessi Alph. Anom. 87 . . . 12 k

kumamotonis Mats. Rhynch.

148

kurenzovi Moltr. Ephes. 215
ki i rodakean a Mats. Symp. 199
kusnezovi John Aleuc. 230 . 24 e

kusnezovi Pg’r. Cat. 214

L.

labecula Led. Bry. 17 .... 2 e

labradoriensis Stgr. Eux. 36 4 i

laciniosa ('hr. Pseudoh. 165 . 20 d

laciniosa Dons. Ath. 177
laciniosa Ath. 273
lacroixi Luc. Arm. 231
lactaria Graes. Lampr. 210
lactea Trnr. Par. 157
lacteicotor Rothsch. Sid. 119
lacteipennis Dadd Lith. 137
lacteola Rothsch. Porph. 205
lactescens Trti. Porph. 202

lactescens Trti. Rhy. 72 . . . 10 e

lactiflora Drt. Amat. 151 . . . 19 a

lactiflora Drt. Amath. 258
lacunosa Kozh. Pall. 168

laeta Rbl. Agr. 58 . 7 k

laeta Rbl. Agr. 247
laetabilis Anom. 84
laetevirens Obertli. Eupl. 169
laetifica Stgr. Rhy. 67 ... . 9 c

laetior Splr. Riv. 233

laetior Warr. Actin 91.

laetitia Schaw. Morm. 265

laevis Hate. Rhy. 81

Jafauryi Dum. Agr. 48

lajonquierei O. B.-H. Oria 194 22 g

l-album L. Hyph. 118

lama Stgr. Crino 140 . 17 k

lambda F. = lamda F. Lith. 13,

137

lamentanda Alph. Rhy. 76
lampra Pglr. Cue. 124 .... 16 e

lampra Schaw. Sid. 119

Lamprothripa Hmps. 210

lamuta Llerz Anart. 198, 199

lamuta llerz Polia 101

lana Strd. Phyt. 221

languescens Warr. Cat. 213

lanzarotensis Rbl. Agr. 43

lanzarotensis Rbl. Agr. 24

lapidea Hbn. Lith. 137

lapidea Wit. Ath. 175

lapidea Wit. Prox. 277

lapidosa Graes. Eux. 38 ... . 5 b

lappo Dup. Polia 101

lappona Rngn. Crino 257

lara Brem. Cat. 213

larentiformis Hmps. Lith. 207

larentioides Strd. Lith. 207

largetauiOberth. Ephes. 215, 266

larixia On. Rhy. 72 . 10 g

lasciva Stgr. Rhy. 82 .... 12 e

Lasianobia Hmps. 112

Lasiestra Hmps. 112

Lasiestra 146

Lasionycta Aur. 113

Laspeyria Germ. 231

lassa Swh. Agr. 43

lasserrei Obertli . Agr. 54 ... . 6 li

lasserrei Agr. 24

lata Tr. Agr. 45 . 5 i

latebrosa Cti. Eux. 32 ... . 4 d

latefasciata Huene Rliy. 63
latefasciata Rbl. Panth. 5

latens Hbn. Rliy. 66 . 9 a

latens Hbn. Rhy. 95, 248
lateritici Hfng. Par. 157, 259
latestrigata Ams. Arch. 263
latifasciata Warn. Cat. 212

Plate

latifasciata Wil. Euloc. 208
latipennis Pglr. Agr. 55, 245 . 7 b

latistriata Iioffmey. Olig. 259
latreillei Dup. Eriop. 170
latruncula Hbn. 01. 159

lauta Pglr. Las. 112 . 15 c

lea Pglr. Dasyst. 147 .... 18 h

leaena Pglr. Eux. 38 . 5 b

lecerfi Zy. Eux. 242

Lecerfia 278

lectrix L. Episteme 3

lechneri Rbl. Rhiz. 191

lederi Christ. Derth. 133 ... 17 b

ledereri Ersch. Rhy. 70 ... 91

lhassen le C. Rhy. 249
leineri Frr. Conis. 110
Lena llerz 209
lenis Stgr. Erem. 150
lenta Tr. Ath. 175
lenta Tr. Prox. 277
lenta Tr. Rad. 183
lentina Stgr. Rad. 183
leonhardi Rbl. Agr. 58 ... . 7 i

leonhardi Rbl. Eupl. 169 .. . 20 i
leonina Stgr. Agr. 53
lepida Costn. Rhy. 80
| lepida Esp. Harm. 102
lepigone Mschlr. Prox. 182, 271,

277

leporella Stgr. Acron. 13

leporina L. Acron. 8, 13

leporina Acron. 238

Leptosia Gn. 201. 263

leptitanus Trti. Crino 140

leptotaenia Dhl. Anua 217

letheus Trti. Crino 140 . . . . 17 k

Leucania 75, 261

leucanides Rothsch. Porph. 205 23 a

Leucanitis Gn. 220
Leucochlaena Hmps. 131
leucocuspis Btlr. Acron. 10 . . If
leucocyma Hmps. Anom. 85
leucofasciata Rngn. Symp. 263
leucogaea Stich. Acron. 13
leucogaster Frr. Rhy. 79
leucographa Hbn. Hydr. 188
leucographa Schiff. Cer. 88 . . 12 1

leucomelas L. Anoph. 228
leucomelas Oberth. Cat. 214
leuconephra Hmps. 01. 160
leuconeura Hmps. Gramm. 150
leuconeura Hmps. Eux. 269
leuconeura Pglr. Isoch. 91 . . 13 a

leuconota, H.-Schciff. Blepb. 92 14 c

leuconota Bleph. 252
leucophaea Pachet.ra 166
leucophila Schaw. Eux. 26
leucoptera Btlr. Acron. 9
leucoptera Hmps. Cort. 218
leucoptera Thnbg. Ath. 178
leucoptera W gn. Agr. 46
leucorena Trti. Crym. 260
leucorena Trti. Dryob. 138
leucostigma Esp. Par. 158

leucostigma Haw. Polia 101 . . 14 g

leucostigma Hbn. Gort. 262
leuco taenia Dhl. Oph. 217
leucozona Hmps. Syp. 224
levicula Pglr. Las. 112 ... 15 c

levis Stgr. Ath. 175
levis Ath. 272

lia Pglr. Aut. 226 . 24 b

libanicola Cti. Agr. 55 ... . 7 a

libanicola Agr. 245

libanotica Cti. & Drt. Agr. -55 . 11 a

libanotica Drt. Dasyp. 135 . . 17 d

libanotica Stgr. Aut. 226
libanotica Aut. 147
libatrix L. Scol. 223
liberatii Trti. Caloph. 130
liberatii Caloph. 256
Libyana Trti. 150

lichenea Hbn. Eum. 138 ... 17 h

Plate

lidia Cr. Eux. 39, 243
Lidia Cr. Eux. 32
lignea Trti. Miana 275
lignea Trti. Ol. 160
lignosa Godt. Agr. 52
ligula A. B.-H. Eux. 211
ligula Esp. Con. 149
ligula Esp. Con. 148, 271
ligustri Schiff. Cran. 13, 14
liiacina Strd. Lith. 137
lilascens Schaw. Derth. 132

limbata Btlr. Euch. 117 . . . 15 g

limbata Splr. Riv. 233

limbata Stgr. Aut. 225 .... 24 a

limbirena Gn. Phyt. 222 ... 23 h

limbobrunnea Strd. Aegle 197

limbopuncta Strd. Hyph. 119

limosa Tr. Tox. 228

limpida Dhl. Antit. 144 .... 18 e

lineago Gn. Cosm. 154

lineata Berio Anum. 267

lineata Ev. Sid. 120

lineata Hnrch. Spud. 150

lineola Dhl. E. str. 207

lineola Steph. Coen. 194

linogrisea Schiff. Epil. 89

linosyridis Fuchs Cue. 123 . . 16 b

linstowi Strd. Brach. 134

liouvillei le C. Agr. 244 ... 25 li

lipara Rmb. Agr. 46 . 5 k

literata Brem. Acron. 13

literata Fisch.-Wald. Harm. 107

literosa Oligia 259

Lithacodia Hbn. 206

lithargyrea Leuc. 261

lithargyria Esp. Hyph. 118

lithargyrula Trti. Agr. 55 . . 61

Lithomoia Hbn. 172

Lithophane Hbn. 137

Lithophane 13

lithoplasta Hmps. Oed. 20 . . 2 k

lithoxylea A. B.-H. Allom. 126 15 1

lithoxylea F. Par. 156
lithoxylea Hbn. Par. 162
littoralis Curt. Hyph. 119
litura .F. Prod. 174

liturata Christ. Metal. 128 . . 16 h

lituratci Megal. 196

livescens Drt. Rhy. 81 ... . 12 d

livida F. Amph. 155

livida Stgr. Eux. 31

livida Tutt Hyp. 117

lobnorica Drt. Cue. 124 ... 16 d

lodbjergensis Hoffm. & Kn. Scot.

252

loebeli Rbl. Rhy. 65
longimaculata Closs Cat. 212
longipalpis Melt Ephes. 266
longistriata Warr. Ol. 259
longivitta Pglr. Isoch. 91 . . . 13 a

Lophoterges Limps. 125, 255

lorezi Stgr. Rhy. 78 . Hi

lorezi Rhy. 74
lota L. Atet. 152
loudeti Bsd. Eut. 263
loudeti Bsd. Eut. 195, 280
lowei Tutt Harm. 107
lubrica Frr. Tox. 228
lucasi Cut. Con. 148
lucasi Vine. Cat. 214
Lueasidia Brs. 271
lucens Btlr. Rhy. 81

lucens Frr. Ap. 186 . 22 a

lucernea X. Rhy. 71

lucernea Rhy. 68, 250

lucida Hfng. Amat. 152

lucida Hfng. Tar. 209

lucida Huene Lith. 137 .... 17 g

lucifuga Hbn. Cue. 123

lucilla Btlr. Triph. 171

lucilla Hmps. Triph. 171

luciola Dhl. Pet. 1S2

lucipara L. Eupl. 169

318

INDEX.

Plate

lucipeta Schiff. Rhy. 72 ... 10 d

ludifica, L. Moma 5

lugens Cul. Moma 5 . la

lugens Herz Rad. 182
lugens Oberlh. Anarta 1 98

lugens Sigr. Eux. 25 . 3 e

lugens Stgr. Rad. 183

lugubris Rlem. Chlor. 197

luna. Schwing. Antit. 144

luna Zy. Proth. 232 . 24 f

lunar is Schiff. Min. 216
lunata Mr. Agr. 62
luneburgensis Frr. Apor. 136
lunosa Haw. Omph. 150
lunula Hfng. Caloph. 129, 256
lunulata Herz Epiz. 232
lunulata Stertz. Pangr. 234
Luperina 162. 163, i 66
luperinoides Gn. Rby. 81
luridago Dhl. Nanth. 148
lusitanica Cul. Cleoph. 127
lusitanica Drt. Bry. 18 ... . 2 f

lusoria L. Tox. 227
lutalgira Schaw. Protli. 232
lutca Brem. & Gray Acron. 9
lutea Bromb. Atet. 152
lutea Strom. Cosm. 153
lutea Wightm. Arch. 193
luteago Schiff. Harm. 107
luteoalba Strd. Porph. 204
luteocincta Harm. 253, 254

luteocincta Rmh. Harm. 103 . 13 e

luteocinnamomea Rothsch. Po-

lia 100 . 14 g

luteoflaveola Trti. Rap. 279
luteomixta W gn. Agr. 53 . . . 6 i

luteosignata Trti. Leuc. 131
luteosordida Osth. Bryo. 146 . 18 g

luteotincta Strd. Aucha 170
lutescens Ev. Agr. 53
lutescens Agr. 244
lutescens Farr. Pet. 182
lutescens Trti. Antit. 143
lutescens Tutt Hyp. 117
lutescens Vorbr. Cat. 213
lutescens Wrli. Cal. 189
lutosa Him. Rhiz. 184, 191
lutosa Stgr. Hadj. 184 .... 211

lutulenta BJch. Apor. 136
luxuriosa Zy. Aut. 225 .... 24 a

lychnidis F. Amat. 151
lychnitis Rmh. Cue. 124, 255
Lycophotia 22, 62, 88, 90
lycophotioides Agr. 53
lycophotioides Rothsch. Rby. 78 111

lypra Pglr. Harm. 104 .... 13 d

II.

macaria Rhl. Hyph. 119
machlyum Trti. Leuc. 131 . . 16 k

macilenta Hbn. Atet. 152
macilenta Hbn. Amath. 258
macrogamma Ev. Syngr. 266
macromacula Strd. Enm. 216
maculata Alpli. Spin. 83
maculata A. B.-H. Isoch. 91 . 13 a

maculata Kusn. Cat. 215
maculata Vine. Ephes. 215
maculata Warn. Aren. 191
maculatrix Westw. Eus. 3

maculifera Mats. Sugit. 147 . 18 h

maculifera Stgr. Atet . 19 b

maculifera Stgr. Cryps. 227 . . 24 b

maculosa Hbn. Oria 194
maculosa Stgr. Cue. 122
maderae B.-Bak. Polia 101
maeonis Led. Bry. 19 .... 2 h

maerens Dhl. Rhy. 79
magna Diosz. Parasc. 232
magnifica Mr. Eur. 87
magnifica Rngn. Syngr. 266
magnifica Rothsch. Erem. 150 . 18 m

Plate

magnirena Alph. Crino 139 . . 17 i

magnolii Bsd. Harm. 106
maillardi Hbn. Crym. 161
maillardi Crym. 99, 260

mairei Drt. Ath. 177 . 21 d

mairei Drt. Ath. 274

Maikona Mats. 237

majellana Dhl. Hel. 200

major Brem. Acron. 11

major Rothsch. Anum. 229

major Rothsch. Dryob. 141

mala Strd. Lept. 202

malaisei Nord. Ap. 187

malana Fitch. Balsa 183, 261 . 21 k

malatyana Byt.-S. Phyt. 279

malchani Drt. Apl. 108 .... 14 i

malitiosa Alph. Pall. 168

manca Ljung. Cerat. 117

mandarina Leech Rhy. 79

mandarinella Hmps. Rhy. 77

Mania TV. 155

manissadjiana Stgr. Antit. 257
Manobia Stgr. 112
man. sour le C. Eux. 242
mansoura Chrct. Agr. 57 . . . 6 g

mansoura Oberth. Agr. 269
mansueta H.-Sehaff. Amath. 258
mansueta Atet. 152
mansuetana Strd. Amat. 152
mansuetella Strd. Amat. 152
mansuet.odes Strd. Amat. 152
maozim Cul. Caloph. 129 ... 16 i

maraschensis Osth. Porph. 203
maraschi Cti. Agr. 58
maraschi Agr. 247

maraschi Drt. Agr. 61 .... 8 a

maraschi Drt. Par. 157 .... 19 f

Maraschia Osth. 184
maravigna Dup. Agr. 58
marcens Christ. Eux. 27
marcens Eux. 31

marcida Christ. Rhy. 77 . . . 10 i

margarethae Dhl. Calot. 138
margaritacea Vill. Agrot. 181
margaritacea Vill. Rhy. 64 . . 8 h

margaritacea Vill. Rhy. 247
Margelana Stgr. 164, 260
margiana Pglr. Odont. 110 . . 14 k

marginalis Wkr. Agr. 43
marginata Lamb. Acron. 9
marginata Schwing. Porph. 264

margineornata Dhl. Rhy. 80
mariae-ludovicae Luc. Agios.

Ill, 254 . . . . 15 d

marisola Krul. Phyt. 221
maritima Grasl. Chlor. 197 . . 22 b

maritima Trti. A Vrty. Harm.

105

maritima Tausch. Non. 194
maritima Non. 271
marmarides Trti. Erem. 150
marmorata Lenz Mon. 117
marmorata Trti. Bry. 15 . . . 2 c

marmorata Warr. Oed. 21
marmorosa Bkh. Scot. 97
marmorosa Cti. Agr. 51 ... 6 b

marmorosa Eux. 243
maroccana Zy. Parast. 258
marsdeni B.-Bak. Agr. 54
marsicana Dhl. Antit. 144
I marsicaria Dhl. Orth. 88
martjanovi Tshetv. Lith. 207 . 23 a

massiliensis Mill. Orect. 233 . . 24 g
mastrucata Fldr. Polyd. 224
matritensis Vasq. Agr. 24
matritensis Vasq. Agr. 54, 244 . 6 f

matura Hfng. Thalp. 171
matutina Dhl. Phyll. 206
maura L. Mania 155
maurella Stgr. Ath. 181
maurella Stgr. Stygiod. 277
mauretaniae Rothsch. Cleoph. 128
mauretanica A. B.-H. Agr. 44 5 g

Plate

mauretanica Brs. Cue. 124
mauretanica Drt. Ath. 178 . . 21 e

mauretanica Rothsch. Card. Ill 15 b
mauretanica Stgr. Catam. 184
maurisca Sid. Mania 155
maxima Stgr. Isoch. 91
mayeri W gn. Harm. 107 ... 13 1

medialis Strd. Hyps. 199
mediana Stgr. Eul. 264 .... 26 g

mediobrunnescens Strd. Bry. 15
mediofasciata Strd. Amat. 152
mediofasciata Strd. Tar. 209
mediofuliginosa Dhl. Polyph. 170
medioitalica Dhl. Orth. 88
mediolucens Fuchs Polyph. 170
medionigra Lens Eur. 87
medionigra Vorbr. Coloc. 5
medionigra Warr. Ephes. 215
medioochracea Byt.-S. Bry. 268 24 k

mediorufa Cti. & Drt. Agr. 60 lid
mediorufa Strd. Cal. 183
mediosanguinea Heyd. Anarta
198

mediostrigata Trti. Bry. 16
megacephala F. Acron. 238
megacephala Schiff. Acron. 12
megala Alph. Cerat. 117
megala Dhl. Brach. 134
Megalodes Gn. 196
Megalodes 128
Meganephria Hbn. 138, 256
Meganephria F. 163
megastigma Pglr. Hypost. 174,

271 . 21b

megastigma Pglr. Non. 278
Megazethes Warr. 233
miilleri Han. Eux. 29
meissneri Drt. Thee. 270
meixneri W gn. Herm. 235
melaena Htwg. Pach. 109
melaleuca Cul. Acron. 13 . . . Ik
melaleuca Lenz Amph. 154
melaleuca Lenz Mon. 116
melaleuca Thnbg. Symp. 199,

263

melancholica Drt. Ath. 177
melancholica Ath. 272

melancholica Led. Agr. 61 . . lid

melanica Lamb. Par. 157
melanocephala Mansbr. Acron.

13 . Ik

melanocephala Mschlr. Phyt. 222
melanochrata Fdz. Polyph. 170
melanochroa Stgr. Harm. 103 . 13 g

melanochroa Harm. 104, 253
melanochroa Stgr. Pet. 182 . . 21 k

melanodonta Hmps. Crino 140
melanoglossa Berio Pseud. 270
melanomorpha Trti. Crino 140 17 k

melanophaea Zy. Pach. 254 . 26 a

melanophila Schaw. Eux. 26
melanophila Schaw. Rhy. 250
melanos Zolln. Rhynch. 91
melanotica Havk. Coloc. 5 . . la

melanotica Strd. Caloph. 129
melanura Alph. Ath. 180 ... 21 g

melanura Roll. Agr. 57 ... . 7 d

melanura Elaph. 276

melanura Roll. Agr. 245

melanura Rhy. 182

melanurina Stgr. Athet. 57, 182

melanurina Ath. 276

melanuroides Rozh. Agr. 58, 246 7 £

melicerta Drury Oph. 217

Melicleptriinae 197, 263

mendax Stgr. Epia 111 ... 15 a

mendax Epia 254

mendeli Fdz. Eux. 24 .... 3 a

mendelis Fdz. Eux. 240
mendica Stgr. Epia 111. . . . 15 a

menetriesi Rretsch. Ath. 177
menyanthidis View. Acron. 12
meraca Pglr. Las. 112

Publ. 25. VI. 193S.

INDEX.

o 1 o
oio

Plato

eximia Oberth. Agr. 49
eximia Schtz. Calot. 138
eximia ,S7r/r. Harm. 102
exoleta L. Xyl. 137
exotica Strd. Eupl. 169
expansa Alph. Ath. 178

expansa Alpli. Ath. 275 ... 26 i

expressa B.-Haas Sim. 7
expressa Drt. Had. 113 ... 15 d

expressa Led. Athaum. 145 . . 18 f

expressata Krul. Aren. 192
exprimens Wkr. Pyrrh. 188
expugnata Cti. Eux. 42 ... 5 e

expuncta Delah. Mon. 115
extersa Slats. Agr. 48
extincta Hnrch. Mon. 115
extradeleta Osth. Metal. 128
extraria Rmb. Porph. 204
extrema Hbn. Aren. 192
extrita Hmps. Bryo. 146
extrita Pglr. Las. 112
exusta Btlr. Rhy. 77
exustiformis Mats. Rhy. 77

F.

fabricii Strd. Bomb. 135
fabrilis Pglr. Heter. 164 ...

faceta Tr. Cer. 96, 251
faecata Std. Proth. 232
fagnouli Guth Anarta 198
faillae Pglr. Stilb. 173 ....
fallax Ev. Eux. 34
fallax Stgr. Leuc. 130
falcata Wkr. Tyana 211
falleri Schaw. Eux. 26 ... .
fangalis Dhl. Herm. 235
fannyi Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 75 . .
farinosa Byt.-S. Acron. 238
farinosa Stgr. Agr. 50
farinulenta Christ. Crym. 161

farkasii Tr. Scot. 96 .

faroulti Rothsch. Dasyst. 147
faroulti Rothsch. 01. 160, 259 .
faroulti Rothsch. Polia 101 . .
faroulti Rothsch. Porph. 204
faroulti Rothsch. Rhy. 7 8
fasciana L. Lith. 206
fasciata Bur. Crym. 161
fasciata Gronbl. Cosm. 154
fasciata Hann. Acron. 13, 238
fasciata Kromb. Mer. 188
fasciata Krul. Aren. 192
fasciata Lenz Diphth. 5 . . .

fasciata Lenz Erio. 114
fasciata Lenz Mon. 115, 116
fasciata Lenz 01. 159
fasciata Mr. Cran. 13
fasciata Rothsch. Oed. 21
fasciata Schreib. Cue. 121
fasciata Splr. Bry. 1 7
fasciata Tutt Ol. 159
fasciata Tutt Ol. 259
fasciata Vorbr. Rhy. 66, 6S
fasciata Ware. Cat. 314
fasciata Whli. Mon. 116
fasciolata Hnrch. Rhy. 79
fasciolata Warr. Cort. 218
fasciuncula Haw. Ol. 160
fatidica Hbn. Agr. 47
fatidica Hbn. Agr. 24
fatima A. B.-H. Cleoph. 128
fatua Pglr. Loph. 125 ....
favicolor Barr. Sid. 120
favrei Oberth. Con. 149
felicina Donz. Metop. 126, 146
Feltia 22. 23, 41, 42, 50
fennica Brandt Anom. 251
fennica Guth Crym. 162
fennica Taasch. Rhy. 82 . . .
fennica Eux. 32

fennoscandica Clayh. Anom. 95
ferdinandi Riihl Dasyp. 135

20 b

21 a

3 g

11 e

14 a

19 i
14 h

1 a

16 g

15 1

12 c

Supplementary Volume 3

Plato

fereunicolor Oberth. Con. 149

fergana Stgr. Ath. 180

fergana Ath. 276

ferrago Ev. Pall. 154, 168, 261

ferrantei Drt. Centr. 165 ... 20 c

ferrea Pglr. Crym. 161 . . . . 19 i

ferrea Warr. Ol. 159

ferrea Ol. 259

ferruginea ILofn. Thol. 109
ferruginea Strd. Agr. 62
fervida Hbn. Agr. 43
f estiva Schiff. Rhy. 76
festiva Rhy. 248, 250
festiva Warr. Par. 157
festucae L. Phyt. 221
festucae L. Syngr. 266
fesiucellci Strd. Phyt. 221
ficklini Tutt Harm. 107
fictilis Hbn. Eux. 24, 26
fidelis Joan. Phy. 73

figulina Drt. Rhy. 249 .... 25 c

filigramma Esp. Harm. 103 . . 13 d

filipjevi Brs. Ath. 275

filipjevi Drt. Harm. 107 ... 13 1

filipjevi Kozh. Eux. 40

filipjevi Shelf. Anom. 85 . . . 12 g

f imbria L. Triph. 90

fimbriola Esp. Agr. 58 ... . 7 i

fimbriola Agr. 247
finitima W arr. Agr. 62
fiorii Costn. Hyl. 211
fiorii Trti. Metl. 125

fissa Stgr. Eux. 41 . 5 e

fissa Mesoeux. 26
fissipuncta Haw. Sid. 163
fixa F. Synth. 195

fixseni Christ. Ath. 181 ... 21 i

fixseni Christ. Pseudath. 277

fixseni Graes. Acron. 12

flacca Cti. & Ldrt. Rhy. 69 . . 9 h

flagrans Pglr. Agr. 244

flammatra Schiff. Rhy. 64

flammea Esp. Rhiz. 145

flammea Schiff. Pan. 115. 199

flammifera Huene Syn. 220

flava Cti. Agr. 53

flava Oberth. Ath. 176

flava Ath. 275

flava Rbl. Mel. 152 . 19 b

flava Trnr. Arch. 193
flava Warn. Aucha 170 ... 20 c

flava Wohlf. Cal. 195
flavago Schiff. Xanth. 188
flavescens Dhl. Panem. 201
flavescens Esp. Cosm. 153
flavibrunnea Leech. Rhy. 76
flavescens Lempke Acron. 238

flavicans Doer. Cosm. 153. . . 19 c

flavicans Oberth. Cat. 213
flavicincta F. Antit. 143
flavicrinalis Andr. Herm. 235 . 24 h

flavida Cti. -Drt. Eux. 243
flavida Cti. Rhy. 249
flavida Cti. Rhy. 78

flavida Cti. Rhy. 71 . 11 k

flavidior Schwing. Rhy. 7 1
flavidior Wgn. Marg. 164 ... 20 b

flavidior Marg. 260
flavilinea Hnrch. Mon. 115
flavimaculata Lenz Eups. 148
flavina H.-Schdff. Agr. 52
flavina Agr. 269
flavirena Gn. Ath. 177
flavirena Ath. 274
flavirena Mr. Rhy. 81

flavisignata Cti. Eux. 31 . . . 4 c

flavo fasciata Drt. Harm. 106 . 13 d
flavofasciata Luc. Con. 149
flavogrisea Cti. Eux. 37 ... 4 k

flavomacula Stgr. Pangr. 233, 234
flavomaculata Dhl. Par. 156
flavomaculata Graes. Rhy. 82 . 12 e

flavomaculata Oberth. Aucha 170

Plate

flavomaculata Schaw. Eux. 31
| f lavonitens Aust. Eras. 209
j flavorenalis Bub. Eux. 31
| flavorosea Dhl. Eriop. 170
flavosignata Trti. Berth. 132
flavostigma Brem. Hyph. 119
flexula Schiff. Lasp. 231
flexuosa Men. Aleuc. 230
flexuosa Men. Aleuc. 230
l'lorida Dhl. Phyt. 222
florida Schm. Rhy. 251
floridoides Dhl. Rhy. 78
florigena Ev. Eux. 28
fluvilinea Mats. Mon. 116
fluxa Hbn. Aren. 192
fodinae Oberth. Chyt. 171

foeda Led. Eux. 30 . 4 b

foeda Zed. Mesoeux. 41
foeda Eux. 243

forficula Ev. Rhy. 66 . 9 a

forcipula Schiff. Agr. 55
forcipula Agr. 245
fortis Schaw. Morm. 212
fortunata Drt. Agr. 244 .... 25 li

fragariae Esp. Orb. 148
i franciscae Trti. Hydr. 188 . . 22 b

| fraterna A. B.-H. Dasyp. 135 . 17 e

fraterna Btlr. Cue. 255
| fraterna Mr. Agr. 44
j fraudatricula Hbn. Bry. 16
fraudatricula Leech. Bry. 17
fraudulenta Cti. Eux. 31 . . . 4 c

fraxini L. Cat. 212
fraxini Cat. 265
freyeri Frr. Crym. 162
fribolus Bsd. Par. 157
friesica Bryk Cerapt. 255
frigga Skala Amat. 152
frigida Zett. Polia 101
frivola Wllgr. Agr. 43
fruticosae Dum. Scot. 97

fuchsiana Ev. Cue. 123 .... 16 c

fuchsii Wendtl. Rhynch. 91

fucosa Frr. Ap. 185 . 22 a

fugax Tr. Rhy. 66 . 9 c

fugitiva Warr. Cat. 213
| fulgens Trti. Ceroc. 219 ... 23 f

| fulgularis Mats. Sin. 208
j fulgurita Led. Hypeuth. 172. . 20 k

| fuliginaria L. Parasc. 232
fuliginata Dhl. Ephes. 215
fuliginea Hbn. Eux. 32
fuliginosa Hmps. Hyp. 118
fuliginosa Drt. Rhy. 248
f uliginosa Drt. Rhy. 269
fuliginosa Dub. Cal. 189
f uliginosa Stertz Spud. 151
fulminea F. Pach. 109
fulminea F. Pach. 254
fulminea Scop. Ephes. 215
fulva Hbn. Aren. 192
fulva Rothsch. Sid. 163

fulva Trti. Agr. 46 . 5 i

fulvago L. Cosm. 153, 258
| fulvescens Drt. Cosm. 153. . . 19 c

| fulvocincta Krul. Ath. 77
I f umea Drt. Eur. 88 . 10 e

fumida Graes. Las. 112

fumosa Bank. Orth. 88

fumosa Hbn. Eux. 32

fumosa Vine. Cat. 213

fumosa Wgn. Porph. 202

fumosalis Dhl. Za.ncl. 234

fumosoides Cul. Eux. 33

funebris Stgr. Rhy. 66

funerea Drt. Harm. 104

funerea Geld. Rhy. 80

funerea Hnrch. Par. 156 . . . 19 e

funeraria Drt. Eustr. 207 ... 23 b

funesta Payk. Symp. 199. 263

funesta Stgr. Ath. 181

funesta Stgr. Prox. 182, 277

funestissima Bub. Rhy. 65 . . 8 1

40

314

INDEX.

Plate

funkei Pglr. Rhy. 72 .... 10 g

furca Ev. Polia . 14 f

f areata Ev. Corns. 110

furcifera Hufn. Lith. 137

furiosa A. B.-H. Cerat. 117

furiosa A. B.-H. Rhy. 65 . . . 8 1

furushonis Mats. Apl. 84

furushonis Mats. Rhy. 73 . . 10 h

furva Esp. Dryob. 138

furva Dryob. 260

furva IHm. Crym. 162, 260

furvula Hbn. Ath. 175

furvula Hbn. Prox. 182, 277

furvula Hbn. Rad. 183

fusca Bank. Coen. 194

fusca Bsd. Ath. 49

fusca Costn. Ath. 180

fusca Cti. &' Drt. Agr. 43, 46 . 5 k

fusca E deist. Arch. 193

fusca Farr. Pet. 182

fusca Lenz Ath. 175

fusca Lenz Con. 149

fusca I.enz Rhy. 74

fusca Rocci Amph. 154

fusca Trti. Pall. 168

fusca Trnr. Pall. 167

fusca Tutt Arch. 193

fuscescens Doer. Cosm. 154

fuscicornis Ath. 179

fuscicornis Rmb. Ath. 274

fuscicosta Hke. Rhy. 79

fuscida Strd. Ephes. 215

fuscilinea Grasl. Sid. 120

fuscior Strd. Bryo. 146

fuscipicta Strd. Ephes. 215

fuscisignata Hmps. Xest. 83

fuscobrunnea Strd. Rhy. 72

fuscogrisea Strd. Orthog. 155

fuscogrisea Strd. Trach. 169

fuscoirrorata Strd. Min, 216

fuscolilacina Strd. Lith. 137

fuscosa Btlr. Agr. 44 . 5 g

fuscostigma Brem. Hypox. 89
fuscosuffusa Strd. Acron. 11

G.

gafsana Black. Copiph. 126 . . 15 1

galactina Trti. Harm. 105 . . 13 k

galathea Mill. Bry. 18

galathea Bry. 268

Galgula Cin. 183

gallica Schaw. Pyrois 154

galvagnii Schaw. Acron. 11 . . 1 g

gamma Roll. Phyt. 222

gamma L. Phyt. 221

gammifera Warr. Syn. 220

gartneri Skala Phyt. 221

gassana Hmps. Copiph. 126

gaurax Pglr. Rhy. 64 .... 8 f

gayneri Rothsch. Aut. 205 ... 23 c

gea Schaw. Bry. 239 . 25 d

gedrensis Schaw. Harm. 107
Gelastocera Btlr. 212
gelida Sp.-Schn. Anom. 85 . . 12 g

gemella Leech Dysm. 182
geminipuncta Haw. Arch. 193,

278

gemmifera Wkr. Eupl. 261

generosa Stgr. Phyt. 222 ... 23 g

generosa Phyt. 279

geographica Zap. & Kb. Oxyc. 6

Gerarctia Hmps. 208

Gerbatliodes Warr. 161, 259

genistae Bkh. Polia 94

germainii Dup. Ath. 170

germainii Dup. Ath. 273

germana Rothschh. Antit. 143 . 18 c

geyri Rothsch. Eubl. 202

ghigii Trti. Scot. 97

ghigii Scot. 252

gigantea Rbl. Tharg. 109 ... 14 k

gigantea Tharg. 113

gigantea Trti. Herm. 235 . . .
gilva A. B.-H. Rhy. 68, 249
gilva Donz. Ath. 181
gilva Ath. 277
gilvagella Strd. Cosm. 153
gilvago Esp. Cosm. 153
giuditta Schaw. Ephes. 266
glabella Eux. 240
glabella Wgn. Eux. 27 ... .
glabripennis Cti. Agr. 61 . . .
glabroides Fuchs. Con. 149
glaisi Luc. Antit. 270
glaisi Antit. 257
glaisi Luc. Sid. 164, 260
glareosa Esp. Rhy. 63
glareosa Rhy. 247
glauca Kleem. Pol. 162 jfOl
glauca Trti. Diphth. 5
| glaucescens Christ. Agr. 56 . .
I glaucina Kozli. Agr. 44 ... .
glaucoptera Pet. Acron. 13 . .
glaucula Stgr. Bry. 17 ... .
glaux Drt. Dasyst. 147 . . . .
glebicolor Ersch. Dasyth. 147
glebosa Stgr. Rhy. 247 . . . .

glis Christ. Rhy. 70 .

gloriosa Stgr. Metal. 128 .. .
gloriosa Megal. 196
gluteosa Tr. Ath. 181
gluteosci Fr. Prox. 182, 277
glycirrhicae Rmb. Tox. 227
Gnamptonyx Hmps. 219
goetria Kozh. Eux. 32 ... .
goetschmanni Skala Syn. 220
golickei- Ersch. Agr. 45
Gonospileia Hbn. 220
goossensi Dam. Hydr. 188
Gortyna Tr. 262
gothica L. Mon. 115
gouini Joan. Agr. 43
gouzzakouli Dum. Mes. 196 . .
grabczewskii Pglr. Eutel. 210 .
Gracilipalpus Calb. 155

gracilis Drt. Oed. 21 .

gracilis F. Mon. 116
gracilis Osth. Cal. 202
gracilis Osth. Pfeiff. 130 . . .

gracilis Stgr. Aut. 227 . . . .

gracilis Wgn. Agr. 55 .

gracilis Wgn. Agr. 245

gracilis Wgn. Est. 174 .

gracilis Wgn. Mer. 240
graeseri Pglr. Had. 113 . . .

gramineus Haw. Cerat. 117
graminis L. Cerat. 117, 255
Graminodes Gn. 217
Grammoscelis Hmps. 150
grandimacula Strd. Enm. 216
grandis Btlr. Hyp. 118
grandis Trnr. Ol. 160
granitalis Btlr. Bry. 17 . . . .
granti Warr. Polia 99
Graptolitha 13
graslini Bsd. Agr. 244
graslini Cul. Polyph. 170 . . .
graslini Oberth. Pall. 167
graslini Rmb. Agr. 43
graslini Rmb. Agr. 269
graslini Stgr. Con. 258 . . . .
graslini Con. 150, 258
grata Gn. Porph. 204
gratissima Cti. Agr. 59, 247 . .
gratissima Stgr. Porph. 204
greyi Grey Cat. 214
grisea Btlr. Man. 112
grisea Cochr. Acron. 13
grisea DM. Bry. 15
grisea Dhl. Myth. 89
grisea Dhl. Phyt. 221
grisea Dufr. Bry. 19

grisea Ev. Ath. 177 .

grisea Ath. 272
grisea Hann. Eur. 87

Plate
24 h
24 i

3 i
8 a

7 b
5 f

1 k

2 e

18 i

24 i
9 k

16 g

4 d

Ala &

23 c
2 k

16 i

24 c
6 1

21 b

15 c

2 e

20 k

26 e

11 c

21 e

Plate

grisea Luc. Antit. 144, 257 . . 18 d

grisea Luc. Bryom. 270

grisea Bryom. 258

grisea Osth. Metal. 128

grisea Peets Rhy. 251

grisea Splr. Cerapt. 117

grisea Splr. Lith. 172

grisea Trautm. Xyl. 114

grisea Tutt Agr. 186 . 22 a

grisea Vorbr. Amph. 155
grisea Vorbr. Bry. 19
grisea Wgn. Non. 194
griseaalbomaculata Heyd. Ap.

185

griseago Schtz. 190
griseata Leech Props. 183
griseivena Hmps. Rhy. 76
griseivinosa Rothsch. Cer. 88
griseobrunnea Strd. Orthog. 155
griseola Ersch. Porph. 204
griseola Mats. Anom. 85
griseola Mats. Sid. 121
griseola Rothsch. Had. 113 . . 15 e

griseola Rothsch. Oed. 21
griseola Stgr. Agr. 59 .... 7 h

griseomixta Schtz. Ath. 181
griseoolivacea Cul. Enar. 190
griseor Strd. Mon. 116
griseosignata Splr. Cosm. 153
griseosuffusa Strd. Orthog. 155
griseotincta Wgn. Agr. 58, 246 7 e

griseovariegata Dhl. Spud. 151
grisescens Chret. Out. 208
griseoviolacea Wgn. Derth. 132
grisescens Dhl. Sid. 119
grisescens Draes. Ath. 175
grisescens F. Rhy. 66
grisescens F. Rhy. 32, 148
grisescens Hann. Cat. 213
grisescens Heyd. Ol. 160
grisescens Kurd. Coloc. 6
grisescens Oberth. Bry. 17
grisescens Bry. 268
grisescens Oberth. Cul. Con. 149
grisescens Osth. Mar. 184 . . . 211

grisescens Rngn. Acron. 238
grisescens Rothsch. Bry. 16
grisescens Stgr. Par. 158 ... 19 g

grisescens Trti. Harm. 105
grisescens Stgr. Agr. 57
grisescens Wgn. Cue. 121
grisescensalbo Burr. Ap. 186

gronblomi Ne-ssl. Herm. 235
gruneri Bsd. Derth. 132 ... 17 b

Gryphadena Kust. 166
gryphalis F. Herm. 235 .... 24

guadarramensis Bours. Rhy. 77 11

guberlae Cti. Agr. 60, 247 . . 8

gueneei Dbl. Pall. 167
gueddelanea Oberth. Agr. 55 6 1

gueneei Stgr. Harm. 106 ... 13 k

gueneei Harm. 104
gueneei Splr. Porph. 204
guglielminae Rag. Bry. 17
guiartii Lamb. Cat. 213
guidellii Costni. Chlor. 197

gypsata Trti. Metop. 127 ... 1 6 f

II.

haasi Stgr. Apor. 136 . 17 f

haasi Stgr. Crino 140

habibazel Dam. Aleuc. 230 . . 24 d

habichi Rbl. Xest. 83

hachem Dup. Crosia 196

Hadena Schrk. 109

Hadena 163

Hadeninae 252, 269

Hadjina Stgr. 183, 261

hadjina Stgr. Rhy. 66 ... . 9 a

hadjina 248

Hadula Stgr. 113

haemapasta Hmps. Derth. 132

i ) r-* a

PdCix - /d ueoA/es

P t^CfQ

INDEX.

319

Plate

merckii Rmb. Lith. 137
meretricula Bkh. Ol. 159
meridionalis Calb. Derth. 132
meridionalis Dhl. Acron. 9 . . Id

meridionalis Dhl. Amat. 152
meridionalis Dhl. Hyph. 118
meridionalis Dhl. Rhy. 64
meridionalis Stgr. Amat. 152 . 19 a

Meristis Hbn. 188
Meroleuca Hmps. 21, 239
Meroleuca Pack. 239
Meroleuca Hmps. 261
Mesaegle Dum. 196
mesembrina Schaw. Agri. 141,

257 . . 26 b

Mesoeuxoa Cti. 38
Mesoeuxoa 26, 36, 41, 243
mesopotamica Schaw. Oz. 206
mesostrata Sid. 120
Mesotrosta Led. 201

mesotrosta Pglr. Sid. 120 . . 15 lc

mesozona Hmps. Bui. 264
messaouda Oberth. Agr. 54 . . 6 i

messrae Stgr. Therm. 228 ... 24 d

metachlora Stgr. Bryom. 21
Metachrostinae 14
Metachrostis 14
Metalopha Stgr. 128, 256
metaxantlia Hmps. Acron. 12 . 1 h

metaxanthella Strd. Acron. 12
metaxantliodes Strd. Acron. 12
meticulosa L. Trig. 169
Metlaouia Dum. 125
Metlaouia Dum. 7
Metopistis Ware. 126
Metopoceras Gn. 126, 256
Metopoceras 231
Metopodicha Drt. 256
Metoponrliis Stgr. 279
Metoponrhis Stgr. 231
mezeyi Diosz. Sid. 119
mi Cl. Gon. 220
Miana 182

micacea Esp. Hydr. 188
micans L,cd. Aniph. 155
microdon Gn. Scot. 97
microgamma Hbn. Syn. 220, 266
microglossa Rmb. Merol. 22. 239 2 l

militaris Stgr. Rhy. 73 ... . 10 h

milleri Schtz. Ath. 176

millierei Stgr. Loph. 125 ... 15 k

millieri Berce Eux. 242

millieri Cut. Apl. 84

millieri Stgr. Eux. 30

millierei Stgr. Lophot. 255

miltina Pglr. Antit. 143 ... 18 c

miltophaea Hmps. Bry. 16 . . 2d

mimicaria Oberth. Prot. 196 . . 23 d

mimouna le C. Eux. 242 ... 26 d

mimouna Oberth. Bry. 20

miniago Frr. Xest. 83, 251

minima Haw. Ol. 160

minima Haw. Pet. 182

minima Kozh. Eux. 40

minima Trti. Agr. 51

miniosa F. Mon. 115

minogenica Rbl. Cue. 124 ... 16 d

minor Cab. Ol. 160

minor Htg. Cat. 228

minor Cab. Trig. 169

minor Htg. Calpe 228

minor Trnr. Pall. 167

minor Rngn. Acron. 238

minor Rothsch. Ath. 178

minor Trti. Pall. 168

minor Vill. Tripli. 90

minorata Trti. Agr. 43

Minucia Mr. 216

minuscula Kard. Ol. 160

minuta Pglr. Pseud. 166

mioleuca Rmb. Apor. 135

mioleuca Tr. Apor. 135

mirdbilis Rom. Gramm. 217

Plate

mirabilis Trti. Stilb. 172

miranda Cti. Agr. 51 . 6 b

mirifica Wgn. Agr. 46

misella Pglr. Ecbol. 164 ... 20 b

misera Dhl. Herm. 235

mitis Pglr. Dasyp. 135 . . . 17 d

mixta Cti. & Drt. Agr. 53 . . . 6 g

mixta Frr. Cue. 122

mixta Stgr. Con. 149

mixta-grisea Lenz Con. 149

mixta-spadicea Splr. Con. 149

moderata Stgr. Cal. 189. ... 22 c

mixtificata Fdz. Tel. 258

moderata Ev. Par. 158

modesta Hmps. Con. 149

modesta Hbn. Phyt. 222

modesta Schaw. Agr. 46

modesta Stgr. Rhy. 80 ... . 12 b

modesta Warn. Dich. 137

modesta Warr. Tripli. 171

modestalis Boldt Herm. 235

modestissima Oberth. Con. 149

moechilla Pglr. Rhy. 69 . . . 9 i

moechilla Rhy. 32

moellendorfi Herz Tox. 227

moerens Cat. 265

moerens Fuchs Cat. 212

moerens Stgr. Agr. 60 ... . lid

moeschleri A. B.-H. Eux. 29

moesta Stgr. Crino 139 .... 17 i

moldavicola H.-Schaff. Oz. 206

molicella Pglr. Aren. 271

molisana Dhl. Ath. 181 . . . . 21 i

molisana Dhl. Rhy. 72

mollicella Pglr. Non. 278

mollicula Graes. Lith. 207

mollis Graes. Lith. 207

mollis Stgr. Eux. 25

molotliina Esp. Rhy. 81 . . . 12 c

molothina Rhy. 65, 251

molybdea Christ. Amph. 155

moltrechti O. B.-H. Cat. 214

moltrecliti O. B.-H. Elydna 189

moltrechti O. B.-H. Sed. 191

moltrechti O. B.-H. Sim. 6, 237 1 b

Moma Hbn. 5

monedula Dhl. Agr. 47

mongolica Stgr. Oncocn. 133

monilifera Cut. Cosm. 154

Momma Hbn. 115

monoglypha Hfng. Par. 156, 258

monoleuca Wkr. Call. 195

monotona A. B.-H. Polia. 99 . 14 e

monotona Polia 252

monotona Kozh. Eux. 28

monotonia Ams. Aed. 263

montana Brem. Ath. 177

montana H.-Schaff. Crym. 259 26 f

montana H.-Schdff. Crym. 270

montana Kozh. Agr. 52

montana Leech Las. 112

montedoronis Schaw. Rhy. 64

monticola Dhl. Orth. 88

montivaga Gn. Acron. 12

morleyi Porr. Cal. 189

Mormonia Hbn. 212, 265

morosa Led. Ath. 176 .... 21 c

morosa Led. Ath. 276

morosa Rothsch. Metop. 127

morosa Schaw. Harm. 103

morpheus Hfng. Ath. 180, 272 21 li

morpheus LIfng. Ath. 272

morrisii Dale Aren. 192

mozabitica Rothsch. Porph. 203

mucida Gn. Antit. 143, 147 .

mucidata Dhl. Rhy. 79

mucosa Eum. 257

miihlschlegeri Rngn. Lith. 137

multangula Hbn. Agr. 59 . . . 7 k, 1

multangula Agr. 247

multicuspis Ev. Agr. 56

multifida Led. Agr. 61

multifida Led. Rhy. 73 . . . . 10 g

multiplex LJri. Hel. 200 ....
multiplicands Wkr. Anuga 210
multisigna Cti. Eux. 240
multisigna Cti. Eux. 23 . . .

multisignata Christ. Parag. 279
munda Esp. Mon. 115
muralis Forst. Bry. 18, 268, 339
murrayi Trnr. Pall. 167
murciegoi Fdz. Hydr. 188, 262
muricolor Brs. Ath. 177 . . .

muricolor Ath. 274
murina Aur. Arsil. 7
murina A. B.-H. Derth. 133
murina Cut. Agr. 55
murina Ev. Agr. 48
murina Oberth. Bry. 18
murtea Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 76 . .

mus Alph. Rhy. 70 .

mus Brs. Antit. 143
mus Oberth. Coloc. 6
muscicolor Kozh. Bry. 19
muscosa Stgr. Eum. 139
musculina Hmps. Harm. 105
muscUlina Stgr. Harm. 107
musculina Stgr. Hyss. 114
musculus Men. Megaz. 233
musculus Stgr. Rhy. 70. . . .
musella Rngn. Acron. 238
musiva Hbn. Rhy. 63
musivula Stgr. Rhy. 79
musmi Hmps. Ephes. 266
mustaga Cti. Eux. 37
mustapha Oberth. Dich. 137
mustelina Christ. Eux. 36 . . .
mutica Christ. Crym. 260
mutica Christ. Crym. 161 . . .
mutila Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 76 . .
myodea Rmb. Oria 194
myopa F. Ap. 185
myopolia Dhl. Hyph. 118
myricae Gn. Acron. 12 ... .
myrtilli L. Anarta 198
Mythimna Tr. 89

Plate

22 i

3 a
24 1

21 d

11 f
9 1

9 1

4 k

19 k

11 g

1 i

X.

nabataea Hmps. Clyt. 218 . . 23 e

Naenia Steph. 89

Nagadeba Mr. 235

nagyagensis Frr. Eux. 30

nala Strd. Phyt. 221

Namangana Stgr. 184

nana Hfng. Polia 101, 103

nana Rott. Harm, 105

naruenensis Stgr. Copic. 125

nasamonius Trti. Bleph. 92 . . 14 c

nawae Mats. Con. 149
navasi Brs. Cran. 238

neara. Pglr. Agr. 60 . 7 1

nebula Leech. Rhy. 77

nebulosa Apl. 87, 108

nebulosa Hbn. Eux. 31

nefasta Pglr. Had. 113 . . . . 15. d

neglecta Hbn. Rhy. 81

negligens Dhl. Zancl. 234

nelvai Rothsch. Epim. 173

nelvai Rothsch. Porph. 203

Neoborolia Mats. 121

neocomensis Roug. Agr. 44

Neocomia Roug. 155

neomelaina Traub Arsil. 7

neomelaina Traub Arsil. 237

neonympha Esp. Morm. 212

nera Schaw. Crino 140

nervosa Zy. Thol. 109

nesiota Rbl. Hypen. 267

neurica Steph. Aren. 192

neurica Hbn. Arch. 193, 263

nevadae Drt. Harm. 102 ... 13 b

nevadensis Cti. Eux. 28 ... 3 k

nevadensis Eux. 242

nevadensis Drt. Harm. 105 . . 13 h

nevadensis Harm. 253

320

INDEX.

nevadensis Reiss. Polia 98 . .
nexa Hbn. Phragm. 191
ni Hbn. Phyt. 222
nicaeensis Cul. Sid. 163
Nicara Mr. 262

nickerlii Frr. Pall. 167 ....
nictitans Bkh. Ap. 185
nictitans Lenz Crym. 162
nictitans Lenz Mon. 115, 116
nictymera Bsd. Eux. 31
nictymera Bsd. Rhy. 71
nictymerina Strjr. Rhy. 70
nigella Hmps. Tamb. 171
nigra Drt. Apop. 225 ....

nigra Haw. Apor. 136
nigra Piesz. Triph. 90
nigra Reitz. Harm. 106
nigra Rbb. Actin. 91
nigra Rbl. Synth. 195
nigra Schdf. Acron. 12
nigra Schaw. Acron. 12 ...

nigra Stgr. Eux. 35
nigra Trnr. Arch. 193
nigra Tutt Rliy. 80
nigra Vorbr. Rhy. 82
nigra Wgn. Pach. 109
nigralba Gel. & Luc. Antit. 143
nigrata Kief. Caloph. 129
nigrata Schaw. Cal. 189
nigrella Gel. & Luc. Antit. 143
nigrella Trti. Caloph. 129
nigrescens Barr. Acron. 238
nigfescens Bur. Rhy. 79
nigrescens Busse Triph. 90
nigrescens Braes. Bom. 236
nigrescens Brt. Pall. 167 . . .

nigrescens Hein. Eux. 29
nigrescens Harm. Cat. 213
nigrescens Harm. Par. 157
nigrescens Hofm. Agr. 245
nigrescens Kilt.. Rhy. 65
nigrescens Warr. Antit. 143
nigrescensalbo Burr. Ap. 186
nigricans Hoffm. Agr. 52
nigricans Klern. Lith. 137
nigricans Leech. Acron. 12
nigricans L. Eux. 32
nigricans Mats. Parasc. 232
nigricans Schtze. Eups. 148
nigricans Stgr. Arch. 278
nigricans Wgn. Harm. 107
nigricaria Osth. Herni. 267 . .

nigricata Rngn. Symp. 263
nigricostata Std. Eras. 209
nigricula Ev. Oncocn. 134 . .

nigrifasciata Rngn. Symp. 263
nigrina Stgr. Eux. 30
nigriorbis Zy. Agr. 244 ....
nigripicta Strd. Ephes. 315
nigripunctata Kromb. Arch. 193
nigrisigna Wkr. Phyt. 221
nigrita Graes. Eux. 32
nigrita Bsd. Symp. 199
nigriuscula Krul. Myth. 89
nigrobasalis Herz Bom. 236
nigrobrunnea Dub. Grort. 262
nigrobrumiea Hoffm. Par. 158
nigrocincta Tr. Antit. 144
nigrocosta Tutt Rhy. 72
nigrocostata Stgr. Agr. 45
nigrofasciata Hoffm. & Kl. Ath.

178

nigrofasciata Rngn. Polia 253
nigrolimbata Oberfh. Cer. 88
nigrolinea Meets. Mon. 116
nigrolineata Kozh. Agr. 246
nigrolineata Cti. Agr. 57, 246
nigromaculata Gloss. Ath. 178
nigromaculata Gel. Acron. 238
nigromaculata Hone Mon. 117
nigromaculata Graes. Rhy. 77 .
nigromaculata Schtz. Amat. 151
nigromaculata = nigromarginata

Plate

14 d

20 e

24 a

1 i

18 c

24 k

17 c

' 25 h

7 d, 25 i

15g

11 h

11

nigromarginata del in Acron.

11, 238

nigromarginata Lange Rhy. 65
nigronotata Joan. Pall. 167
| nigropicta Huene Aren. 192
nigropicta Schaw. Atet. 152
nigropunctata Kromb. Mer. 188
nigropunctata Wrli. Mon. 116
nigrosparsata Osth. Eustr. 207
nigrostriata Pag. Cran. 13
nigrostriata Wightm. Arch. 193
J nigrotincta Dhl. Antit. 143
nigrovenosa Preiss. Con. 149
nigroviolacea Rngn. Phyt. 266
nigrovittata Hein. Eux. 29
nihonica Iloene Xyl. 137 . . .
nikkonis Mats. Triph. 171
nikkensis W. & W. Bom. 236
nili B.-Bak. Eux. 32
nili B.-Bak. Agr. 50
nilotica A. B.-H. Arm. 231
nisseni Rothsch. Bryo. 146
nisseni Rothsch. Eux. 269
nisseni Rothsch. Rhy. 77 . . .
nisseni Stertz Stilb. 173
nisseni Trti. Parasc. 232. 279
nisus Germ. Epia 111 . . . ■

niseis II . Schdf f. Harm. 102
nitescens Dhl. Rhy. 73
nitida Peglr. Amph. 174 ...

nitida Pglr. Athet. 272
nitidula Dhl. Cocc. 202 ....
nivalis And. Eux. 31
nivea Car. Agr. 46
nivea Dhl. Antit. 144 ....

niveata Oberfh. Xanth. 148
niveata Oberfh. Cleoph. 127
nivisparsa Btlr. Agr. 61
niveosparsa Mats. Acron. 9 . .
nivescens Rbl. Rhy. 66
nivescens Rothsch. Porph. 203
nivescens Stgr. Antit. 144
nocmelaina Traub Arsil. 237
noctambulatrix Chret. Agr. 54
noctivaga Bell. Ath. 177
Noctua 237

noctualis Hbn. Porph. 203
Noetuidae 5, 237
N octuidae 237
Noctuinae 223, 279
nocturna Dhl. Phyll. 206
Nodari a Gn. 234
nolens Cti. & Drt. Anom. 86
nomas Ersch. Eux. 40 ... .
norm Oberfh. Rhy. 64
Nonagria Tr. 194, 278
Nonagria 271

non-marginata Luc. Triph. 90
norwegica Strd. Cer. 88
norwegica Stgr. Eux. 34
norwegica Stgr. Eux. 35 . . .

norvegica Strd. Rhy. 74
norvegicola Strd. Rhy. 76
noshirae Mats. Neob. 121
notodontina Brs. Cue. 255 . .
Notosterrha 208
nowickii Schille Eustr. 207
nozawae Mats. Triph. 90
nuba Kais. Cat. 213
nubeculosa Esp. Brach. 134
nubigera H. -Schdf f. Chlor. 117
nubila Btlr. Ephes. 355
nubila Esp. Rhy. 79
nucha Strd. Porph. 204
nuda Dhl. Agr. 52
numerica Bsd. Phyll. 206
numida Oberfh. Stilb. 172 . .

nupta L. Cat. 213
nupta Catoc. 265
nyctemerina Stgr. Eux. 31
Nyctipao Hbn. 216
nyctopis limps. Eux. 32
nyctopis Hmps. Rhy. 73

Plate

17

11 i

13 c

21 b

22 k

18 e

l d

6 i

12 i
5 d

a

26 c

20 k

Plate

nyctopis Hmps. Rhy. 95
nymphaea Esp. Ephes. 315
nymphagoga Esp. Cat. 314
nys-seni = nisseni
Nyssocnemis Led. 62
Nyssocnemis Led. 62
nyiwonis Mats. Hypox. 89
nyiwonis Mats. Polia 100
nyiwonis Mats. Syn. 221

O.

obelisca Schiff. Eux. 28

obelisca Steph. Eux. 33

obelisca Eux. 268

obeli&cata Cti. Eux. 27

obeliscatu Wgn. Eux. 240

oberthuri Deck. Metl. 7

oberthuri Deck. Metl. 125 . . 16 e

oberthiiri Leech Eux. 35

oberthuri Leech Eux. 27, 32, 240

oberthuri Rothsch. Ath. 181

oberthuri Ath. 274

oberthuri Rothsch. Cue. 124

oberthuri Rothsch. Sid. 163 . . 20 b

oberthuri Sidem. 260

oberthurii Aust. Cat. 213

obesa Bsd. Agr. 46 . 5 k

obesa Agr. 24

obesa Ev. Agr. 62 .

obliqua Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 79 . 1

obliterata Rmb. Phyll. 206
obliterata Trti. Derth. 133
obliterata Zett. Anom, 84
obliviosa Wkr. Agr. 43
oblonga Haw. Par. 157
ob nubila Cti. Agr. 61
obotritica Schm. Agr. 50
obscura Brahm Eux. 33
obscura Bur. Cue. 122
obscura Clayh. Rhy. 64
obscura Cut. Triph. 90
obscura Dhl. Cat. 214
obscura Druet Rhy. 72
obscura Frey Apl. 84
obscura Hke. Brach. 134
obscura Haw. Par. 157
obscura Helb. Anom. 85
obscura Heyd. Ap. 186
obscura Hoff. & Kl. Cal. 189
obscura Hoff.&Kl. Erio. 114
obscura Hoff. & Kl. Pet. 182
obscura Hoffm. Scot. 97
obscura Hoff. & Kl. Sid. 119
obscura Hbn. Agr. 48
obscura Leech Cran. 14
obscura Lenz Cue. 123
obscura Lenz Eur. 87
obscura Lenz Lith. 137
obscura Lews Mon. 115, 116, 117
obscura Melt Cran. 14
obscura Nord. Ath. 176
obscura Oberfh. Amph. 154
obscura Oberfh. Morm. 212
obscura Oberfh. Rhiz. 145
obscura Osth. Atet. 153 ... 19 c

obscura Osth. Ephes. 215
obscura Schaw. Agr. 44
obscura Schaw. Eux. 23
obscura Schiff. Auch. 91
obscura Schwing. Aren. 192
obscura Schwing. Rhy. 66
obscura Stgr. Eux. 26, 33 . . . 3 g

obscura Stgr. Polia 101
obscura Strom. Acron. 12
obscura Trti. Cue. 122
obscura Tutt Agr. 48
obscura Tutt Ap. 185
obscura Tutt Hyp. 117
obscura Tutt Rhv. 80
obsc.ura Warr. Bry. 20
obscura Warr. Eras. 209
obscura Wrli. Crym. 162

t.O CO

Publ. 30. VI. 193S.

INDEX.

321

Plate

obscura Wil. Non. 194
obscuro-spaclicea Hnrcli. Con.

149

obscurata Dhl. Myth. 89
obscurata Solin-R. Agr. 63
obscurata Stgr. Aut. 225
obscurata Warr. Gerb. 161
obscurata Warr. Orthog. 155
obscurior Cli. Agr. 245

obscurior Cul. Con. 150. ... IS m

obscurior Cti. & Drt. Agr. 55 . 6 k

obscurior Osth. Cleopli. 127

obscurior Sdlzl Rhy. 79

obscurior Stgr. Eux. 27 ... 3 li

obscurior Stgr. Eux. 29 ... 31

obscurior Stgr. Eux. 27

obscurior Stgr. Eux. 33

obscurior Stgr. Eux. 240

obscurior Stgr. Rhy. 67 ... 9 d

obscurior Strd. Acron. 10

obscurior Strd. Con. 149

obscurior Strd. Mon. 116

obscurior Wgn. Epim. 173 . . 20 k

obsitalis Him. Hyp. 236
obsolescens Lenz Mon. 115
obsolescens Lenz Mon. 117
obsolescens L,enz Sid. 163
obsolescens Pet. Rhy. 81
obsolescens Strd. Agr. 52
obsoleta Cti. Rhy. 64 .... 8 e

obsoleta Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 249
obsoleta Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 67 9 d

obsoleta F. Chlor. 197
obsoleta Lamb. Polia 100
obsoleta M. Waldo Agr. 44
obsoleta Steph. Par. 157
obsoleta Tutt Leuc. 131
obsoleta Tutt Sid. 120
obsoletipicta Strd. Rhy. 69
obstructa Mr. Ris. 210
obsuta Drt. Acron. 238 .... 25 f

obtusa Hmps. Prox. 277
obumbrata Stgr. Rhy. 249
obuncula Hmps. Rhy. 77
ocalaria Schs. 279

Occident alis Bell. Rhy. 81 . . . 12 c

occlusa Esp. Crym. 260

occlusa Esp. Dryob. 138

occulta L. Eur. 87

oceltaris BJch. 153

ocellaris Bkh. Cosm. 154

ocellata Krul. Calot. 138

oc'ellina Schiff. Rhy. 250

ocellina Schiff. Rhy. 73

ochracea Cut. Agr. 46

ochracea Lenz Ath. 180

ochracea Stgr. Athaum. 145 . 18 f

ochracea Strd. Hypli. 119

ochracea Trnr. Par. 158

ochracea Wlcr. Rhy. 75 ... Ilf

ochraceobrunnea Strd. Agr. 58

ochraceosuffusa Tutt Aren. 192

ochrea Cid. Agr. 46

ochrea Cul. Agr. 55

ochrea Deb. Anart. 198

ochrea Der. Lith. 206

ochrea Krornb. Min. 216

ochrea Lenz Eups. 148

ochrea Tutt Par. 156

ochrea Zweig. Harm. 105

ochreago Him. Xest. 83

ochreimacula Rothsch. Lith. 137

ochreola Stgr. Ap. 187

ochreola Trti. Porph. 204

ochrina Stgr. Agr. 52

ocliroleuca Esp. Eremob. 259

Ochropleura Hbn. 247

ochrorenis Kard. Polia 100

Ocnogyna 172

oculata Will. Mer. 188

oculea L. Ap. 185

oditis Hbn. Leuc. 131 .... 16 k

Odontelia Hmps. 110

Supplementary Volume 3

Plate

Oederemia Hmps. 20

oenipontana Hellw. Riv. 233 . 24 g

ogasawarae Mats. Hyp. 118

Ogygia Hbn. 55, 245'

ohtaniensis Mats. Hypox. 89

ojcoviensis Biez. Mania 155

olbiena Dup. Caloph. 129

olbiena Ilbn. Harm. 107

oleagina F. Val. 22, 141

olejaspidina Voile. Val. I ll

oleracea A. Polia 100

olethria W.& W. Chyt. 171

Oligia Hbn. 159, 259

Oligia 141

olivacea Hmps. Tar. 209
olivacea ILtg. Agr. 48
olivacea Lenz Eur. 87
olivacea Porr. Eups. 148
olivacea Skala Die. 190
olivacea Trti. Triph. 90
olivacea Vorbr. Chlor. 197
olivaceobrunnea Strd. Orthog.

155

olivana Schiff. Eustr. 207
olivascens Hmps. Rhy. 75. 77,

95

olivina Alpli. Oria 194

olivina Rothsch. Eras. 209

olivina Trti. Cer. 88

omar Oberth. Metop. 127

Omia Hbn. 199

omihsiensis Draes. Acron. 8

omihsiensis Draes. Acron. 9 . . Id

omorii Mats. Acron. 13

Omorphina Alph. 201

omphale Btlr. Cat. 214

Omphalophana Hmps. 129

Omplialoscelis Hmps. 150

Oncocnemis Led. 133

ononensis Brem. Rhy. 82 . . . 12 d

ononis Schiff. Chlor. 197

Onychestra Hmps. 110

onychina Oligia 259

oo L. Die. 154, 190

opaca Stgr. Sid. 120 . 15 k

Ophiusa O. 217

Opigena Bsd. 62

opima Hbn. Mon. 116

opipara Morr. Eux. 34

opisoleuca Stgr. Rhy. 69 . . . 9 i

oppidicola Krul. Eux. 32

opportuna Cti. Eux. 243

opportuna Cti. Eux. 40 ... 5 d

opposita Led. Cleoph. 127

optabilis Agr. 54

optabilis Bsd. Agr. 55

optata Godt. Cat. 314

optima Stgr. Cat. 314

orana Luc. Agr. 54 . 6 i

oranaria A. B.-H. Eux. 25 . . 3 c

oranaria A. B.-H. Eux. 241
oranensis Rothsch. Draster. 230
oranensis Rothsch. Con. 220
orbata Warr. Syn. 220
orbiculella Strd. Agr. 44
orbiculosa Esp. Oxyt. 198
Orbifrons 59

orbona A. B.-H. Had. 113 . . 15 d

Orbona Hbn. 148
orbona Hfng. Triph. 90

oreas Pglr. Rhy. 67 . 9 e

orenburghensis Bart. Sid. 163
Orectis Led. 233
Oria Hbn. 194

oriens Strd. Acron. 9 . Id

orientalis Brs. Ath. 277
orientalis Mann Acron. 11
orientalis Oberth. Ath. 180
orientalis Oberth. Hydr. 188
orientalis Stgr. Hyp. 267
orientalis Strd. Rhy. 79
orientalis Wgn. Arch. 193
orientis Alph. Agr. 245

Plate

ornata Brem. Phyt. 221
ornata Dhl. Spud. 151
ornata Wil. Penisa 201
ornithopus Ltott. Lith. 137
orotavae Drt. Anat. 165 . .

. 20 c

orphnina Pglr. Rhy. 77
Orthogonia Fldr. 155

Orthosia Tr. 88, 252

Oruza Wlcr. 232

osmana Wgn. Rhy. 72 . . .

. 10 c

osmana Wgn. Rhy. 250
osseata Cul. Derth. 132 . .

. 17 b

osseola Stgr. Hydr. 187
osthelderi Brs. Cue. 124
osthelderi Cti. Eux. 28 . .

3 k

osthelderi Drt. Harm. 102
ostrina Hbn. Porph. 201
ostrogovichi Drt. Conis. 110

. 14 1

ottoi Schaw. Aegle 197 . . .

• 22 g

ottomana Drt. Acron. 13 . .

1 i

ottomana Drt. Acron. 238
Outaya Chret. 208
oxalina Hbn. Myth. 89
oxyacanthae A. Megan. 138
oxyacanthae A. Megan. 163
oxybiensis Mill. Bry. 15 . .

2 b

Oxycesta Hbn. 6

Oxytrypia Stgr. 198

Ozarba Wkr. 206

P.

pabulatricula Brahm Par. 158
Pachetra Gn. 109, 254
Pachetra Gn. 166
Pachnobia Gn. 86

pachnobides Stgr. Rhy. 76 . . 11 g

pachnobides Rhy. 77
Pachycnemia 14

pacifica Fit. Cran. 14 . 11

pacta L. Cat. 314
paenulata Christ. Derth. 133
palaestinae Stgr. Sid. 120 . . 15 i

palaestinensis Kalchb. Rhy. 78
palaestinica Strd. Bry. 15 . . 2 b

paleacea Esp. Enar. 191
palleago Hbn. Cosm. 153 . . . 19 d

palleago Hbn. Cosm. 154
pallens Lenz Erio. 114
pallens L. Sid. 120
pallens Schaw. Ath. 176
pallescens Btlr. Cer. 88
pallescens Drt. Perig. 114 . . 15 f

pallescens Stgr. Ap. 185
pallescens Steph. Rhy. 64 . . 8 g

pallescens Rhy. 82
pallida A. B.-H. Polia 100
pallida B.-Bak. Bry. 16 ... 2 f

pallida Bod. Par. 156
pallida Burr. Ap. 186
pallida Dhl. Myth. 89
pallida Dhl. Orb. 148
pallida Druet Rhy. 72
pallida Fdz. Rhy. 78
pallida Hof. Amat. 152
pallida Hnrcli. Atet. 152
pallida Hnrcli. Par. 156
pallida Hoffm. Rhy. 79, 82
j pallida Kais. Triph. 90
pallida Kaucki Agri. 141
pallida Lamb. Ampli. 154
pallida Rbl. Thalp. 171
pallida Rothsch. Acron. 9 . . . Id
pallida Schaw. Agr. 44, 53
pallida Schaw. Rhynch. 235
pallida Schaw. Rhy. 250
pallida Schaw. Xest. 83
pallida Schwing. Arneph. 128
pallida Schwing. Cosm. 153
pallida Schwing. Perig. 114
palhda Splr. Agr. 48
pallida Splr. Eur. 87
pallida Splr. Scol. 223 .... 23 i

41

322

INDEX.

pallida Stgr. Agr. 43
pallida Stgr. Atet. 152 ... .
pallida Tutt Agr. 48, 49
pallida Tutt Ap. 185
pallida Tutt Leuc. 131
pallida Warr. Sid. 119
pallida Zy. Harm. 107
pallidaflavo Burr. Ap. 186
pallida-obsoleta DM. Agr. 43
pallidifrons Hmps. II hy. 66
pallidior Drt. Antit. 143 . . .

pallid ior Drt. Bry. 16 ....

pallidior Lenz Ath. 175
pallidior Bothsch. Metop. 126
pallidior Bothsch. Orph. 129
pallidior Stgr. Mon. 116
pallidior Strd. Cort. 219
pallidior Strd. Peric. 218
pallidior Strd. Pron. Ill
pallidior Wgn. Eux. 37
pallidipicta Strd. Agr. 62
pallidistigma Warr. Con. 149
pallidula Leech Agr. 62 ...

palliola Bkh. Bry. 16
Palluperina Hmps. 166, 261
palpangularia = palpangularis
palpangularis Pglr. Imit. 231 .
paludis Tutt Ap. 186 ....

palustris Hbn. Pet. 182
palustris Osth. Rhy. 81
pamira John Aleuc. 230
panaceorum Men. Arm. 231
panda Pglr. Rhy. 74
panda Leech Rhy. 81
Pandesma Gn. 225
Panemeria Hbn. 201
Pangrapta Hbn. 233
pannosa Wil. Bry. 16
Panolis Hbn. 199
Panolis 115
Pantliea Hbn. 5
Paradrina Brs. 274
Paragona Stgr. 279
paralia Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 249
paralia Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 67 . .
parallela Bothsch. Eras. 209
Parascotia Hbn. 232, 279
Parastichtis Hbn. 157, 258, 271
Parastichtis 169
parisiensis Cut. Acron. 12
parnassicola Drt. Aut. 225
parnassiphila Stgr. Eux. 31, 32
parthenopea Costn. Ath. 179

partita Gn. Galg. 183 .

parva Hbn. Porph. 201
parvaspersa Brs. Ath. 273 .
parvimacula Bothsch. Anum.

229

parvimacula Warr. Enm, 216
parvisignata Escal. Agr. 46
parvispina Tsliet. Athaum. 145
parvispina Tshetv. Orth. 88 . .
parvula Pglr. Rhy. 74 ... .
pasiphae Drt. Acron. 237 . . .
paspa Pglr. Bleph. 146 . . . .
passetii Th.-Mieg Eur. 87
pataloides Melt Cat. 214
patanei Trti. Coel. 207 . . . .
patanei Trti. Coel. 278
patricia Stgr. Euer. 91

patula LJglr. Pol. 21 .

patula Wkr. Agr. 45 .

patula Wkr. Agr. 26, 49, 50
paula Hbn. Porph. 203
pauli Stgr. Ompli. 129 . . . .

paulina Stgr. Bry. 20 .

paulina Stgr. Bry. 239
paupera Christ. Atet. 180, 272
paupercula Pglr. Polia 101 . .
pavida Bsd. Crino 139
pavida Bsd. Crino 257
pavida H.-Schdff. Crino 139
Pechipogo Hbn. 235

Plate

19 a. b

18 b
2 c

8 d

24 f

02

a

9 d

21 k
26 1

12 1
10 1

25 a

23 b

2 1
5 i

16 h

2 1

26 1
14 g

Plate

pecirkai Joulcl Harm. 104
pectinicornis Stgr. Cleoph. 127
pedinea Dhl. Cosm. 153
Pelamia Gn. 217

pelita Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 77 . . 11 h

peltigera Schiff. Chlor. 197

penegalensis Strd. Syn. 220

penicillata Graes. Col. 189

Penisa Warr. 201

pennigera Trti. Par. 158

pentheri Bbl. Antit. 144, 270

penthica Stich. Symp. 199

penthima Ersch. Hypt. 209 . . 23 c

peperida Hmps. Agr. 59

pepli Hbn. Acron. 11 .... 1 h

peralba Schaw. Porph. 204

peralbida Trti. Porph. 278

peramb ulans Cti. Eux. 24 . . 3 b

percontatrix Aur. Phyt. 221

perdistincta Zy. Eux. 240

perdistinda Eux. 95

perdita A. B.-H. Polia 100

peregrina Tr. Polia 99 . . . . 14 e

perforata Brem. Cue. 122

perfumosa Warr. Brach. 134

pergrisea Warr. Ath. 179

Pericyina H.-Schdff. 218

Perigea 183, 253

Perigrapha Led. 114

perigrapha Pglr. Rhy. 81 . . 12 c

perla F. Bry. 19

perlina Stgr. Bry. 19

perloides Gn. Bry. 19

permixta Stgr. Porph. 203 . . 22 k

pernivea Bothsch. Porph. 205

pernix Hbn. Crym. 260

pernix Hbn. Crym. 161

perorsorum Trti. Ceroc. 219 . . 23 f

perplexa A. B.-H. Agr. 51 . . 6 c

perplexa Hbn. Harm. 102

Perrisandria 80

persa Alph. Las. 112 . 15 c

persiaca Kozh. Agr. 58
persica Strd. Acron. 12

persica Strd. Bry. 15 . 2 b

persicariae L. Polia 100
persicola Strd. Hadj . 184
persimilis Drt. Harm. 103. . . 13 f

persimilis Bothsch. Ath. 178
persimilis Bothsch. Ath. 274
perspicua Pglr. Con. 148 ... 18 1

perspicua Warn. Cue. 122
perspicua Warr. Ath. 178
perspicua Warr. Ath. 275
perstrigata Bbl. Tox. 227
persubtilis Cti. Eux. 26 ... . 3 f

pertexta Drt. Rhy. 251 ... 25 d

pertinax Stgr. Ath. 180 ... 21 g

pertinax Ath. 275, 276
perversa Strd. Triph. 171
pescona Drt. Rhy. 71 .... 10 c

peterseni Christ. Delta 172
peterseni Krul. Eux. 269 ... 26 e

peterseni Krul. Rhy. 248
peter si Christ. Rhy. 78
Petilampa Aur. 182

petraea Gn. Bry. 14 . 2 a

petraea Tengst. Ath. 177

petricolor Led. Bry. 18

petricolor Trti. Scot. 97

petroffi And. & Sz. Aegle 197

Peucepliila Hmps. 115

peusteria Pglr. Reph. 224 . . 23 i

pexa Stgr. Pseudoh. 166

Pfeiiferella Osth. 130

pfeifferi Brs. Ath. 175

pfeifferi Brs. Ath. 272

pfeifferi Cti. Agr. 58 . 7 g

pfeifferi Drt. Harm. 104 ... 13 h

pfennig schmidti Pglr. Mon. 117
phaedra Hmps. Acron. 8 . . . lb

phaedra Acron. 237
phaedriola Drt. Acron. 8 . . . 1 c

Hate

Phalaenae 1

phantoma Kozh. Eux. 33, 243
phenax Brs. Lucas. 271 ... 23 k

philippsi Casp. Rhy. 72
philippsi Cti. Eux. 34 .... 5 a

philippsi Pglr. Antit. 142 . . 18 a

philopalis Grasl. Stilb. 173 . . 21 a

phlebitis Pglr. Sid. 120
phlebophora Led. Aed. 263
plumbea Obras. Polia 253
plumbea Stgr. Hypot. 146 . . 18 g

Phoebophilus Stgr. 150
photophila Gn. Rhy. 66 ... 9 d

Phragmatiphila Hmps. 191
Phragmatiphila 162
phraymitidis Hbn. Aren. 191
Phyllopliila Gn. 206

Pkytometra Haw. 221, 266, 279
Phytometrinae 220, 266, 279
picata A. B.-H. Mon. 116

picata A. B.-H. Rhy. 64 . . . 8 f

picea Tutt Agr. 49

picta Christ. Leuc. 230

picta Trti. Scot. 98

picturata Alph. Epia 111 ... 15 a

pidurata Kozh. Rhy. 73

picturata Bothsch. Harp. 126 15 1

pierreti Bugn. Agr. 24

pieretti Bugn. Agr. 54 ... . 6 h

pieretti Cut. Helioph. 165

pieretti Oberth. Pall. 167 ... 20 f

pilleti Brs. Metop. 126 .... 16 f

pineti Stgr. Bry. 14 . 2 a

pinguis Dhl. Sid. 120

pintori Trti. Caloph. 130

pirata Herz Kor. 216 . 23 d

pisi L. Polia 100
pistacinoides d' Aub. Atet. 152
placata Leech Ath. 272
placodoides Gn. Eriop. 170
plaga Steph. Agr. 49
plaisanti Schaw. Epiz. 232
plana Leech Orthog. 155
plana Leech. Rhy. 63
platinea Tr. Crym. 270
platinea Tr. 1 6 i
platinea Tr. Crym. 259
platyptera Esp. Caloph. 129, 135
platyzona Led. Eul. 264
plebeja Stgr. Sid. 163
plecta L. Rhy. 79
plectella Strd. Rhy. 79
plesiar chia Brs. Ath. 277
plottneri Hann. Crym. 162

plumbata Btlr. Rhy. 64 ... 8 e

plumbea Alph. Rhy. 68 ... 9 f

plumbea Bank. Tox. 227
plumbealis Mats. Par. 158 . . 19 h

plwnbeola Stgr. Bry. 17
plumbina Drt. Bry. 16 ... . 2d
plumbina Osth. Antit. 144 . . IS d

plumbina Trti. Cer. 88
plumbina Wgn. Eux. 31 . . . 4 c

plumbina Wgn. Rhy. 68 . . . 9 f

plumbinotata Hmps. Orthog. 155
plumbosa Harr. Hydr. 188
plumbosa Mansbr. Apl. 108
Plusidia Btlr. 222

poecila Alph. Rhy. 67 ... . 9 c

pokornyi Stern. Epiz. 232
Polia Tr. 98, 252
polaris A. B.-H. Eux. 29
Polia 141, 148
Poliobrya Hmps. 21
poliochroa Hmps. Rhy. 80
poliogramma Hmps. Rhy. 80
poliotis Hmps. Ger. 208 ... 23 b

polita Hbn. Con. 148, 271
polita Schiff. Con. 149
polli Stertz Conis. 110 .... 141

polonica Pruff. Acron. 9
polybela Joan. Ornph. 150 . . 18 m

I polybela Ompli. 24

INDEX.

323

Plate

Polydesma Bsd. 224
polyglypha Stgr. Par. 157 . . 19 e

polygona F. Agr. 62
polygona Rhy. 77

polygonides Stgr. Eux. 33 . . . 4 e

polygramma Dup. Porph. 203
polygrapha Trnr. Par. 157
polymita Hbn. Harm. 103 . . 13 e

polymita L. Ant it. 143
Polymixis Hbn. 102
Polyphaenis Bsd. 170, 261
pomerana Blest. Morm. 212

pomerana Schtz. Conis. 110 . . 14 k

pomula Bkh. Bry. 15

pontica Drt. Megan. 256 ... 25 d

pontica Drt. Rhy. 248 .... 25 e

pontica Stgr. Cran. 13 ... . 11

pontica Stgr. Cran. 238

pontica Stgr. Eux. 269

pontica Stgr. Rhy. 64 ... . 8 £

ponticola Drt. Rhy. 250 . . . 25 b

poppiusi Herz Lena 209 ... 23 b

popularis F. Thol. 109

poputi F. Mon. 116

porphyrea Esp. Eum. 92

porphyrea Schiff. Rhy. 65, 73

Porphyrinia Hbn. 202, 264, 278

posteli Cut. Agr. 49

postlimbalis Strd. Hyps. 199

postmedialis Strd. Orthog. 155

postnigra Drt. Aed. 263

postpallida Strd. Amph. 154

postrosea Drt. Aed. 263

postulkae Skala Enar. 191

potanini Alpli. Anar. 198

Poteriophora Brs. 150

powelli Cut. Pall. 167 .... 20 f

powelli Oberth. Eux. 25 ... 3 f

powelli Oberth. 01. 160

Powellinia Oberth. 244

Powellinia Oberth. 54

pozzii Curd Sid. 163 .... 20 a

praecipua Stgr. Rhy. 82 ... 12 d

praeclara Graes. Cran. 14

praeclara Schaw. Aut. 226

praecontigua Trti. Scot. 252

praecox Hbn. Agr. 43

praecox L. Rhy. 82

praecurrens Stgr. Rhy. 82 . . . 12 e

praedicta Cti. & Drt. Agr. 44 . 5 h

praedita Hbn. Polia 100 .. . 14 e

praeduncula Hbn. Ol. 159
praeligaminosa Stgr. Aut. 225
praesaga Cti. Eux. 37 ... . 41

Praestilbia Stgr. 174, 271
praevisa Brs. Eux. 25
praevisa Eux. 240
prasina F. Eur. 87
prasinana L. Hyl. 211

preciosa Car. Agr. 53 . 6 g

preciosissima Cti. & Drt. Agr. 53

precisa Cul. Oed. 21

precisa Warr. Oed. 21 ... . 2 k

predotae Schaw. Ath. 181, 273

predotae Schaw. Eux. 32 . . . 4 d

prenanthis Bsd. Cue. 124

presbytis Hmps. Pseudoh. 165

prieta Rbl. Synth. 195

primulae Esp. Rhy. 76

privata Dhl. Min. 216

privata Dhl. Myth. 89

privigna Pglr. Eux. 37 ... . 5 b

proboscidalis Hyp. 267

proboscidata H.-Schdff. Orect.

233

procera Stgr. Aren. 191 ... 22 d

proleuca limps. Eux. 28
prolixa Drt. Megal. 196 ... 22 g

prominens Mr. Hyph. 118
prominens Mr. Ris. 210
prominens Strd. Erch. 217
prominens Wkr. Sid. 119 . . . 15 h

promissa Esp. Cat. 213

Plate

Pronotestra Hmps. Ill

pronuba L. Triph. 90

propensa Pglr. Sid. 120 ... 15 h

propinqua Stgr. Polyph. 261

propitia Pglr. Apl. 84

Propsalta Wkr. 183, 277

prosequa Tr. Triph. 90

prospicua Bkh. Polyph. 170 . 20 k

pro tecta Drt. Bry. 17 .... 2 e

proterva Pglr. Rhy. 68 ... 9 g

Protliymnia Hbn. 232
Protomeceras Rbl. 196
provincialis Brs. Eux. 25 . . . 3d
provincialis Cti. Rhy. 74 . . . lie

provincialis Cut. Bry. 15
provincialis Cul. Thalp. 171
proxeneta Alph. Cat. 265
Proxenus H.-Schdff. 182, 277
Proxenus 175, 271

proxima Christ. Herm. 267 . . 24 k

proxima Hbn. Polia 98
proxima Leech Hyph. 118
proxima Polia 141

proxima Rmb. Ath. 273 ... 25 1

pruinosa Btlr. Lith. 137
pruinosa Gn. Acron. 9
pruinosa I^eech Acron. 11
psammia Pglr. Rhy. 70
psammoda Stgr. Agr. 53 . . . 6 c

pseudambigua Zy. Ath. 175
Pseudathetis Brs. 277
pseudochretieni Heyd. Agr. 48
pseudocomma Rbl.& Zy. Sid.

120 . 15 h

Pseudocopicucullia Dum. 255,

270

Pseudocopicucullia Dum. 125
pseudocos Trti. Agr. 43
pseudoderthisa Rothsch. Pall. 167
pseudogothica Cti. Eux. 33 . . 4 e

Pseudoliadena Alph. 165
pseudolatens Schwing. Rhy. 2*' 8 26 d

pseudolatruncula Heyd. Ol. 159
pseudolunigera Trti. Agr. 51
Pseudomiza Btlr. 234
pseudonychina Heyd. Olig. 259
pseudonychina-striata Schtz. Ol.

259

Pseudonycterophaeta Berio 270

pseudoobelisca Cti. Eux. 241 . 25 k

pseudoperla Rothsch. Bry. 20 . 2 i

Pseudopolia 142

pseudoregina Fdz. Enar. 190 . 22 c

Pseudopseustis Hmps. 165
pseudosimulans Kozh. Rhy. 70 10 a

Pseudospaelotis Mc.D. 82

pseudosimulans Kozh. Eux. 269
Pseudo spaelotis Mc.D. Rhy. 82
pseudotrachea Krul. Erem. 161
pseudostrina Rothsch. Porph.

202

pseudotestacea Silb. Pall. 167
psi L. Acron. 9
psi L. Acron. 238
psideleta Trnr. Acron. 238
ptolemaida Trti. Agr. 54
pudens Wkr. Enm. 216
pudentia Strd. Enm. 216

pudica Stgr. Agr. 59 . 7 h

pudorina Schiff. Sid. 120
pudorina Stgr. Porph. 203 . . 23 a

puengeleri Bart. Heter. 164
puengeleri Drt. Ath. 176 . . . 21 d

puengeleri Schaw. Sid. 162 . . 20 a

puengeleri Drt. Bry. 16 . , . 2d

puengeleri Stfs. Mon. 116
puengeleri Trti. Hydr. 188
puerpera Giorn. Cat. 213
pugnax Alph. Pseud. 166 .. . 20 e

pugnax Hbn. Scot. 97 ... . 14 b

pugnax Scot. 252
Pulcheria Alph. 172
pulcherrima Mr., Triph. 171

Plate

pulchrella A. B.-LJ. Agr. 62 . . 8 c

pulchrina Haw. Phyt. 221
pulla JIbn. Chlo. 136
pulla Strd. Acron. 12
pulmonaris Esp. Atypli. 277
pulverata A. B.-H. Had. 113 . 15 e

pulverea Hmps. Eux. 269
pulverea Hmps. Rhy. 80
pulverosa Hmps. Acron. 11 . . 1 h

pulverulenta Cul. Con. 149
pulverulenta Esp. Mon. 116, 117
pumila Stgr. Harm. 106 ... 13 1

punctalis Herz Zancl. 234
1 punctata Hnrch. Cosm. 154
punctico.sta Zett. Eur. 95
punctifera Cti. Eux. 240
punctifera Cti. Eux. 30
punctilineata Mr. Ker. 212
punctimacula Strd. Enm. 216
punctisignata Strd. Triph. 171
punctosa Krul. Ath. 181
piingeleri Drt. Polia 101 . . . 14 g

piingeleri Schaw. Harm. 106 . 13 k

piingeleri Wgn. Eux. 36 ... 5 a

punicea Hbn., Rhy. 77
punicea Tutt. Aren, 192
punjabensis Strd. Rhy. 79
pura Dhl. Rhy. 64
pura Hbn. Porph. 204
pura Hbn. Porph. 264
purificata Dhl. Eux. 30
purinula Trti. Porph. 264
purpurago Dhl. Cosm. 153
purpurascens Trti. Leuc. 131
pur]) urea Oberth. Morm. 212
purpurea Wit. Con. 149
purpureofusca Preiss. Pan. 199
purpurina Vorbr. Proth. 232
purulenta Trti. Porph. 264
puta Hbn. Agr. 51, 244 ... 6 e

puta Hbn. Agr. 26
putealis Mats. Triph. 171
putrida Stgr. Sid. 120
putris Tj. Rhy. 80
pygatula Strd. Anuga 210
pygmaea Wil. Corg. 206
pygmina Haw. Aren. 192
Pyralidesthes Warr. 233
pyralina Schiff. Cal. 189
pyramidea L. Amph. 154
pyrenaea Oberth. Bry. 20 . . . 2 h

pyrenaica Brs. Rhy. 68
j pyrenaica Hmps. Syn. 220
Pyrois Hbn. 154

pyroxesta Dhl. Cosm. 153 ... 19 c

Pyrrhia Hbn. 188
pyxina A. B.-H. Cal. 195

Q.

quadrangula, Zett. Rhy. 70 . . 9 1

quadrangula Zett. Rhy. 248
quadratum Hbn. Rhy. 78
quadrigera Cti. & Drt. Agr. 4S 6 a
quadrigrammica Lenz Mer. 18S
quadrimacula Whli. Agr. 49
quadrimaculata Kuj. Pach. 109
quadripunctata F. Ath. 178
quadripunctata Hoffm. & Kl.

Ath. 178

quadrivirgula Mob. Hypom. 125

quassa Cti. Eux. 27 . 3 i

quassa Eux. 240
quatuor Berio Anrmi. 267
quietior Dhl. Actin. 91
quinaria Mr. Blen. 210
quinariodes Strd. Blen. 210

It.

rabiosa Cti. Eux. 27 . 3 g

raddei Christ. Agr. 58 ... . 7 k

radians Joan. Pall. 167

324

INDEX.

Plate

radiata Leech Hadj. 183
radiata Wgn. Aren. 192
Radinogoes Btlr. 182
Radinogoes 174

radius Haw. Agr. 52 . 6 e

radoti Brs. Erem. 150 .... 18 m

radoti le C. Acron. 10, 238

raebeli Dhl. Pet. 182

rafidain Brs. Eux. 248, 269 23 k

ramburi Oberth. Porpb. 204

ramburi Zy. Derth. 132 ... 17 a

ramosana Drt. Bry. 15 ... . 2 a

rana Led. Rhy. 73 . 10 h

rangnovi Cti. Eux. 34 ... . 4 f

rangnowi Pglr. Anart. 198
rangnowi Pglr. Polia 101 . . 14 g

rangnowi Slich. Ohio. 136

Raparna Mr. 233, 279

raphaelis Hmps. Acron. 12

Raphia Him. 223

raphael Oberth. Acron. 12

raptricula Hbn. Bry. 15

raptricula Hbn. Bry. 239

raptriculoides Trti. Bry. 16 . . 2 c

rasdolnia Stgr. Sid. 162

raselaini Hum. Scot. 98

raselaini Hum. Scot. 269

rasilis Cti. Eux. 42 . 5 e

rasilis Drt. Leuc. 131 . . . . 16 1
rasilis Pglr. Dasytb. 147 . . . . 18 i
ratisbonensis Metschl Polypk.

170

rattus Alpln. Rhy. 70

ravatis H. Schdff. Rliynch. 235,

267

ravida Sch iff. Rhy. 70 ... . 9 k

ravida Schiff. Rhy. 83

ravula Hbn. Bry. 17

ravida Bry. 268

ravidana Bry. 268

ravulana Strd. Bry. 17

rebecca Stgr. Antit. 142 ... 18 a

rectangula Rhy. 80

rebecca Antit. 257

rebeli Schaw. Aegle 197

rebeli Stgr. Ath. 274

rebeli Wgn. Eux. 36 . 5 a

receptricula Hbn. Bry. 17

recta Brem. Tox. 227

rectalis Ev. Simpl. 234

rectangula Schiff. Agr. 59 . . . 8 b

rectangularis Steph. Eur. 88
rectilinea Esp. Lith. 172
rectilinea Warr. Bry. 17
rectilinea Bry. 20
recussa Hbn. Eux. 28
recussa Hbn. Eux. 32, 41, 241
recussa Rhy. 77
rediens Wgn. Antit. 257
reducta Fdz. Syneda 267
reducta Lenz Mon. 115
refulgens Warr. Rhy. 79
regina Stgr. Enar. 190
regina Enar. 262

rhodocomma Pglr. Sid. 110 . . 15 h

regularis Hbn. Acanth. 229

reisseri Brs. Cue. 124 . 16 d

reisseri Bub. Crvm. 161 .... 19 i

reisseri Crym. 259

reisseri Cti. Eux. 33 . 4 f

reisseri Drt. Harm. 106 .... 13 k

reisseri Schaw. Antit. 143

reisseri Schaw. Ol. 160

renago Haw. Zen. 190

renalis Hbn. Haem. 183 ... 21 k

renardi Bsd. Par. 157 .... 19 g

renata Lenz Mer. 188

renati Oberth. Conis. 110, 254 14 1, 25 a

renati Oberth. Epia 111

renigera Hbn. Rhy. 65 . . !. . 8 k

renigera Steph. Rhy. 71 ... 10 c

renigera Rhy. 248

renimaculata Osth. Arsil. 237 . 25 f

Plate

renitens Hbn. Agr. 52
rennenkampfi Drt. Eryth 198 . 22 h

repicta Krug. Hyph. 118
repulsa Wkr. Agr. 43
respersa Hbn. Porph. 204
respersa Schiff. Ath. 272
reticulata Kozh. Agr. 61
retrusa Pglr. Polia 101 . . . 14 h

revayana Scop. Sarr. 210
Rhabinopteryx Christ. 173
rhaeticaria Dhl. Orth. 88
Rhizedra Warr. 191
Rhizedra 184
Rhizotype Hmps. 145
rjabovi Brs. Ath. 273 .... 26 k

rjabovi Kozh. Eux. 42, 243 . . 5 e

rhodana Cab. Cue. 122
rhodina Trti. Leuc. 131
rhododactyla Zy. Antit. 257
rhododendron Schaw. Pall. 168
rhomboidea Esp. Rhy. 80
rhomboidea Esp. Rhy. 251
Rhyacia Hbn. 63, 268
Rhyacia 22, 86, 90
Rhynchaglaea Hmps. 148, 258
Rhynchagrotis Sm. 91
Rhynchodontodes Warr. 235. 267
ribbei Pglr. Par. 157
riffelensis Oberth. Ry. 74 . . . 10 k

rikovskensis Mats. Hypox. 89
ripae Hbn. Agr. 50
ripae Agr. 95, 244
riparia Rmb. Hyph. 118
riphaea Bart. Eux. 34 ... . 4 k

Risoba Mr. 210
rivosa Strom. Harm. 102
Ri villa Gn. 233
rivularis F. Harm. 102
rivularis Wkr. Eriop. 170
robiginosa Dhl. Eux. 28
robiginosa Kard. Pangr. 233
robiginosa Stgr. Eux. 30
robiginosa Eux. 241
robiginosa Stgr. Parasc. 232, 279 24 f

roboris Hbn. Dryob. 141, 257
roborovskii Fit. Polia 98
robsoni Coll. Apl. 108
robusta Blch. Agr. 43
robusta Engram. Con. 149
robusta Ev. Agr. 47 . ... . 5 1

robusta Agr. 24
robusta Trti. Triph. 90
robustior Cti. & Drt. Agr. 55 . 6 1

roederi Stfs. 18
roessleri Dhl. Cal. 189
rogenhoferi Boh. Gramm. 217 . 23 e

romana Dn. Herm. 235 ... 24 g

romana Schtz. Cat. 213
romaniszyni Kaucki Herm. 235
romanovi Christ. Agr. 53
romanovi Agr. 244
I romieuxi Cul. Polia 253
rondoui Stertz. Antit. 143 . . 18 c

rorida Friv. Mon. 115
rosacea le C. Eux. 242
rosacea Rbl. Cort. 220
rosacea Rothsch. Had. 113
rosacea Rothsch. Scot. 97 . . . 14 b

rosea Brs. Ath. 275
rosea Dhl. Myth. 89
rosea Hbn. Porph. 203
rosea Kaucki Phyt. 221
rosea Pseudohad. 166
rosea Rothsch. Antit. 142, 257 . 18 a

rosea Rothsch. Antit. 270
rosea Rothsch. Aut. 226
rosea Schonf. Par. 156
rosea Schwing. Rhy. 249
rosea Trnr. Arch. 193
rosea Trti. Acron. 10
rosea Trti. Derth. 133
rosea Tutt Ap. 185
rosea Tutt Dich. 137

Plate

rosea Tutt Euer. 91 . 13 a

rosea Tutt Rhy. 63, 79 . . . . 8 h

rosea Wighlm. Arch. 193
roseana Shelf. Ear. 211
roseata Rothsch. Aut. 225 . . 24 a

roseata Trti. Metop. 127
roseggeri Schaw. Rhy. 65
roseifera Btlr. Ear. 211
Rosenia Schaw. 192
roseobrunnea Warr. Trig. 169
roseoflava Cti. Rhy. 249
roseolimbata Dhl. Cat. 213
roseonitens Shelf. Callog. 170
roseoradiata Dhl. Cran. 14 . . 11

roseoradiata Wightm. Arch. 193

roseo-suffumata Heyd. Ol. 159 . 19 i

roseotincta Cti. Agr. 245
roseotincta Trti. Pseud. 166
roseovirgata Dhl. Eur. 87
rosescens Schaw. Agr. 53
rosina Boh. Leuc. 131 ... . 16 1

rosina Cul. Bry. 20
rosina Cid. Cosm. 154
r osinata Oberth. Antit. 143

rossica Stgr. Eux. 36 . 4 i

rothschildi Trti. Ceroc. 219 . . 23 f

rotroui Rothsch. Agr. 52 . . . 6 e

rotroui Rothsch. Dasyth. 147
rougemonti Splr. Ath. 178 . . 21 e

roxana Brs. Ath. 276 .... 26 i

rubella Dup. Pallu. 168, 261
rubella Krul. Cal. 189
rubellina Schaiv. Eubl. 202
rubellina Stgr. Bry. 19 ... . 2 h

rubellina Wgn. Derth. 132
rubens Stgr. Atet. 153 ... . 19 b

ruberrima Rothsch. Enar. 190
rubescens Schaiv. Rhy. 72
rubescens Schwing. Lept. 201
rubetra Dhl. Orb. 148
rubi View. Rhy. 78
riibi Rhy. 251
rubicilia Mr. Rhy. 76
rubicundipennis Strd. Coen. 194
rubida Schaiv. Metop. 256
rubidior Cti. & Drt. Agr. 58 7 g

rubidior Strd. Rhiz. 145
rubiginea F. Con. 149
rubiginea Con. 150

rubigo Rmb. Con. 150 .... 18 1

rubra A. B.-H. Agr. 56

rubra A. B.-H. Cosm. 153

rubra Cti. Eux. 242

rubra Stgr. Spud. 151

rubra Zolln. Rhynch. 91

rubrago Horh. Cosm, 258

rubrescens Cul. Derth. 132

rubricans Esp. Eux. 32

rubricosa F. Cer. 88

rubricosta Fuchs. Rhy. 79

rubrifera Warn. Rhv. 247

rubrimaculata Schwing. Mesot.

201

rubrirena Tr. Crym. 182 .. . 19 1

rubrirena Crym. 162
rubrizona Hmps. Syp. 224
rubrobrunnea Strd. Sim. 7
rubrociliata Schaw. Car. 195
rubrofusca Schaw. Agr. 244
rufa Cut. Enar. 190

rufa Haw. Coen. 194 . 22 f

rufa Heyd. Ap. 186, 187
rufa Hoff.& Kl. Erio. 114
rufa Horh. Amath. 258
rufa Lenz Mon. 115
rufa Osth. Amat. 151
rufa Strd. Cal. 1S9
rufa Tutt Rhy. 80
rufa Vrty. Phyt. 221

rufa Ev. Agr. 45 . 5 i

rufa Wightm. Arch. 193
rufaflavomaculata Heyd. Ap.

186

rufata Kurd. Ol. 160
rufescens Edelst. Arch. 193
rufescens Hof. Amat. 151
rufescens Schaw. Myth. 89
rufescens Schaw. Ses. 194
rufescens Trti. Leuc. 131
rufescens Tutt Anarta 198
rufescens Tutt Aren. 191
rufescens Tutt Sid. 120
rufescens Warr. Peric. 218
rufescensalbo Burr. Ap. 186
rufescentior Bothsch. 190
rufialbivertex Strd. Ris. 210
ruficapra Stgr. Amat. 151
ruficauda Warr. Rhy. 76
ruficeps Wkr. Corg. 206
rufina Escal. Agr. 46
rufitincta Bothsch. Bry. 15
rufo albomaculata Dadd Ap.

185

rufocanago Dhl. Die. 190
rufocincta Hbn. Antit. 143, 147
rufofusca Strd. Mon. 116
ruforadiata Dhl. Antit. 143
rufostigmata Bothsch. Ath. L79,

273

rufotincta Dan. & Kolb Eustr.

264

rufotincta Strd. Agr. 43
rufotincta Wgn. Hyph. 118
rufovariegata DM. Spud. 151
rufovenosa Schille Rliiz. 191
rufovitta Strd. Ear. 211
rufula Hmps. Hyph. 1 18
rufula Stgr. 190
rufula Warr. Aren. 191
rugiirons Mob. Eux. 23. . . .
rukawaarae Hoffm. Polia 100 .
rulcavaarae Steph. Polia 100
rumelica Brs. Eux. 240
rumicis L. Acron. 9, 238
rungsi Luc. Metop. 279 ...

rupicola Trti. Rhy. 248
rurea F. Par. 156, 258
ruris Hbn. Eux. 24, 240 . . .

ruscinonensis Oberth. Derth. 132
Rusidrina Stgr. 162
rustica H.-Schdff. Eux. 32
ruta Ev. Agr. 24
rutilans Sohn-B. Agr. 62 . . .
rutilans Trti. Bry. 18 ....

rybatchiensis Kotzsch Apl. 84

S.

sabouraudi Luc. Anyd. 219
sabuletorum Bsd. Eux. 30 . .
sabuletorum Eux. 240
sabulifera Warr. Cort. 218
sabulorum Alph. Had. 113 . .
sabulosa Agr. 24
sabulosa Bmb. Agr. 47, 244 . .
sabulosa Bothsch. Aut. 205
sabura Mab. Agr. 54
saca Pglr. Diad. 165 ....

sacelli Stgr. Cteip. 200
sachalinensis Mats. Acron. 11
sachalinensis Mats. Anom. 84
sachalinensis Mats. Ath. 179
sachalinensis Mats. Ath. 274
sachalinensis Mats. Cue. 122
sachalinensis Mats. Hyper. 118
sachalinensis Mats. Hypoc. 89
sachalinensis Mats. Man. 112
sachalinensis Mats. OL 160
sachalinensis Mats. Syn. 220
sachalinensis Mats. Triph. 171
saepestriata Alph. Arsil. 7
sagitta H.-Schdff. Eux. 29
sagitta Hbn. Eux. 242
sagittaria Schaw. Eux. 26
sagittata Stgr. Eux. 29 ... .
sagittata Eux. 242

INDEX.

Plate

3 a

14 f

23 k

3 b
17 a

11 b
2 f

4 b

15 d
6 a

20 d

4 a

Plate

sagittifera Steph. Eux. 23 . . . 4 e

sahariensis Bothsch. Antit. 143
sajana Drt. Brach. 134 .... 17 d

sajana Stgr. Agr. 47
sajana Tshetv. Anom. 86 . . . 12 h

salicorniae Dum. Scot. 97
salicorniae Scot. 269
salioclitana Brs. Eux. 241
sahnantina Fdz. Chlor. 197
salmonea Cut. Oed. 21

salmonea Drt. Harm. 105 . . 13 i

salmonea Oberth. Antit. 143
saltdalensis Strd. Polia 100

salva Drt. Rhy. 70 . 9 k

salzi Brs. Ath. 276 . 26 h

samnii Sohn-B. Pall. 168 ... 20 g

samnitiea Dhl. Agr. 55

sana Stgr. Ceroc. 219 .... 2.3 f

sanana Strd. Ceroc. 219

sancta Stgr. Epia 111

sancta Stgr. Harm. 102 ... 13 c

sanctiflorentis Bsd. Proth. 232
sanctmoritzi A. B.-H. Rhy. 73
sanella Strd. Ceroc. 219
santonid Hbn. Cue. 122
sapporensis Mats. Acron. 11
sapporensis Mats. Athaum. 145

saracenica Tams Agr. 52 . . . 6 e

Saragossa Stgr. 110
sardoa Bothsch. Phyll. 206
sardoa Trti. Cleopli. 127 .. . 16 f

sardoa Trti. Par. 156 . 19 f

sareptana Alph. Derth. 132 . . 161

sareptana H.-Schdff. Agr. 61
sarmata Bmb. Triph. 90
Sarrothripinae 210
Sarrothripus Curt. 210
sarrothrypoides Trti. Bry. 15 . 2 c

sartorii Hoclcem. Acron. 12
satellitia L. Eup. 148
satiata Dhl. Panem. 201
satiata Dhl. Pliyt. 222
satinea Boug. Amph. 155
satura Schiff. Crino 139
saturata Cti. <fc Drt. Rhy. 65
saturata Stgr. Aren. 192
saturatebrunnea Strd. Cal. 189
saturatior Dhl. Sid. 119
saturatior Bothsch. Bry. 15
sauberi Graes. Val. 142
saucia Hbn. Agr. 44
saucia Hbn. Rhy. 72
scabriuscula L. Dipt. 156

scannensis Dhl. Chlo. 136 . . 17 f

scapulosa Hbn. Ceroc. 219
scaramangae Alph. Rhy. 82
schaefferi Oberth. Rliiz. 145
schakuhensis Brtl. Eux. 26 . . 3 h

schawerdae Brs. Eux. 240
schawerdae Byt. S. Porph. 264
schawerdae Draes. Par. 158 . . 19 h

schawerdae Krug. Harm. 103 . 13 f

schawerdae Beisser Evisa 185 21 1

schawerdae Std. Cosm. 154
schawyra O. B.-H. Scot. 97 . . 14 b

scherdlini Oberth. Props. 183
schernhammeri Buhl Porph. 203 22 k

schimae Schaw. Antit. 144
schlumbergeri Schtz. Acron. 12
schneideri Stgr. Polia 100 . . 14 f

schrenclcii Men. Amph. 155
schultzi Bbl. Polia 101
schumacheri Bbl. Crino 139
schwingenschussi Brs. Ath. 275 25 1

schwingenschussi Cti. Eux. 27,

240 . 3 i

schwingenschussi Drt. Antit.

257 . 26 g

schwingenschussi Drt. Harm.

106 . 13 b

schwingenschussi W gn. Rhynch.

267

schwingenschussi Zy. Acron. 11 1 li

Plate

Scioptila Warr. 183, 261

scirpi Dup. Sid. 120

seitula Btlr. Rhynch. 148 . . . 18 k

scitula Btlr. Rhynch. 258

seitula Bmb. Cocc. 202

Scoliopteryx Germ. 223

scolopacina Esp. Par. 158

scopariae Dorfm. Chelig. 125 . 1 6 e

scopariae Dorf m. Cue. 123

sccpulana Anom. 86

s coriacea Esp. Derth. 133

scoriatula Trti. Bry. 18

scortea Stgr. Con. 148

scortorum Leech. Morm. 265

scotacra Fil. Agr. 50 . 6 b

scotaea Pglr. Apl. 108
scotiae Strd. Pall. 167
scotica Tutt Polia 100
Scotogramma Sm. 96, 252, 269
Scotogramma 111

scotoptera Pglr. Ath. 179 . . 21 g

scotoptera Ath. 177
scotoptera Pglr. Ath. 275
scotorrhiza Hmps. Clyt. 217. . 23 e

scotorrhiza Clytie 278
scottii Trti. Hel. 200
scripturosa Ev. Scyth. 165
scrophulariae Cue. 255
scrophulariphaga Cue. 124, 255
scrophulariphila Cue. 255
scrophulariphila Stgr. Cue. 124

scrophularivora Gn. Cue. 124 . 16 d

scropulana Morr. Eux. 29, 86
scruposa Drt. Rhy. 250
sculp ta Pglr. Aleuc. 231 . . . 24 e

scurrilis Drt. Eux. 268 .... 26 d

scytha Alph. Agr. 46 .... 5 k

scytha Agr. 24
Seythocentropus Speis. 164
secalis L. Par. 158

secreta Cti. &• Drt. Agr. 60 . . lid
securifera Trti. Agr. 51 ... 6 d

sedi Dup. Apor. 136 . 17 f

Sedina Urb. 191, 262
seditiosa Pglr. Agr. 32, 51, 73
seditiosa Pglr. Rhy. 95
seeboldi Stgr. Sarag. 110 . . . 14 1

seget.is Hbn. Agr. 43
segetum Schiff. Agr. 24, 43
seifersi Bangn. Hyph. 119
seileri Fuchs Apor. 136
selecta Bsd. Cat. 314
selenis Schtz. Arsil. 237
selenitaenia Dhl. Oph, 217

seliginis Gn. Eux. 33 . 4 f

selini Bsd. Ath. 175 . 21 c

selini Ath. 274

selinoides Bell. Ath. 176

selinoides Bbl. Rhy. 78 ... . Ill

semialbicans Bothsch. Cleoph.

127

semifascia Warr. Ear. 211
semifusca Peters. Bomb. 135
semigrisea Warr. Orthog. 155
semiherbida Wkr. Triph. 90
semipleta Warr. Rhy. 75
semirufa Warr. Par. 158
semivirga Tutt Acron. 13

semna Pglr. Agr. 61, 247 . . Sc

semota Cti. Anom. 87 ... . 12 k

senescens Stgr. Anom. 87 . . . 12 i

senescens Stgr. Rhy. 248

senex Gn. Orth. 88, 252

senica Ev. Acron. 13

senilis Stgr. Anom. 87 ... . 12 i

senna Hbn. Rhy. 81, 251

sennina Stgr. Rhy. 81 .... 12 d

seposita Pglr. Pseud. 166

seposita Trti. Leuc. 131 . . . 16 k

septentrionalis Hoffm . Crino 139
septentrionalis Msclilr. Agr. 45,
49

sera Fldr. Orthog. 155

326

INDEX.

serana Strd. Orthog. 155
serella Strd. Orthog. 155
serena Alph. Agr. 49
serena Schiff. Polia 101
sericata Cand. Lith. 137
sericata Esp. Polyph. 170
sericea Car. Pallu. 261
sericea Zy. Synth. 195
sericealis Scop. Riv. 233
serpentina Tr. 142
serrata Tr. Omph. 129

serratae Zy. Oxyc. 6 .

serraticornis Stgr. Agr. 53
serraticomis Stgr. Agr. 244
serratilinea Tr. Polia 98
serratilinea Wgn. Sid. 120
Sesamia Gn. 194
sesquilina Stgr. Aleuc. 231 . .

sheljuzhkoi Std. Bras. 209
shibuyae Mats. Crym. 162
shibuyae Mats. Par. 157
shugnana Shelj. Pliyt. 222

sibirica Bsd. Bux. 38 .

sicania Gn. Agr. 43
siccanoram Stgr. Onych. 110 .
sicula Bsd. Agr. 43
sicula Drt. Harm. 102 . . . .

sicula Trti. Par. 156 .

sicula Tr. Sid. 120
Sidemia Stgr. 162, 260
Sidemia 169

sidemiensis Kctrd. Hyp. 118
siderea Gn. Call. 195
Sideridis Hbn. 119
Sideridis 263

siderigera Christ. Athaum. 145
siegenfeldi Schaw. Actin. 91

siepii Oberth. Eux. 25 .

sigma Schiff. Rhy. 79
sigmago Doer. Cosm. 153
signalis Tr. Mesot. 201
signata Brs. Ath. 276
signata Costn. Caloph. 129
signata Kriig. Cosm. 154
signata Sohn-R. Aren. 192 . .

signata Stgr. Eux. 31
signata Eux. 242
signata Stgr. Rhy. 72 . . . .

signata Wgn. Rhy. 64
signata Warr. Speir. 216

signifera F. Agr. 56 .

signifera F. Agr. 245
signifera Hbn. Agr. 52, 55
sikkima Mr. Rhy. 78.
silenes Hbn. Epia 111
silenes ITbn. Harm. 102 . . . .
silenides Stgr. Pron. Ill . . .
silesiaca Schtz. Amat. 151
silvestrii Trti. Agr. 52 ... .

similis Stgr. Rhy. 70 .

similis Rhy. 249
simonyi Bghf. Bry 18 . . . .

simplex Strd. Syn. 220
simplex Stgr. Trich. 112
simplex Trti. & Vrty. Eux. 31
Simplicia Gn. 234
Simplonia Stgr. Agr. 32, 52
simulans Hfng. Rhy. 70
simulatricula Gn. Bry. 16 . . .
simulatrix Hbn. Rhy. 71 . . .
simulatrix Rhy. 66, 250
Simyra O. 6, 237
Simyra 191

sincera H.-Schdff. Anom. 85
sincera Anom. 251
sincera Swh. Prox. 277
sincera Warr. Sim. 7
sincerii Frr. Agr. 44
sinens Wkr. Thai. 14
singularis Btlr. Hyp]). 119
singularis Stgr. Agr. 59, 247 .
singularis Stgr. Hichag. 38
Sinockaris Pglr. 208

Plate

1 a

24 e

5 b

15 a

13 b
19 f

18 f
3 e

22 d

10 e

10 k

13 c
13 d

6 f
10 a

2 d
10 b

10 i, 24 d

Plate

sinuosa Mr. Eutel. 210

sinuosa Stgr. Aleuc. 230

siri Er.sch. Pseudoh. 166

sitiens Pglr. Tharg. 110 ... 14 k

sjdstedti Cti. Eux. 33 .... 4 e

snelleni Rbl. Anarta 198

sobria Schaw. Amat. 151

sobrina Bsd. Cer. 88

soda Rott. Lith. 137

sociabilis Grasl. Trich. 112 . . 15 b

socors Cti. Rhy. 68 . 9 e

socors Cti. Rhy. 249

sodae Rmb. Scot. 97 . 14 b

sodae Rmb. Scot. 252, 259
softa Stgr. Polia 100 ..... 14 g

sogdiana Brs. Ath. 273 ... . 26 k

sohn-retheli Drt. Pall. 167 . . 20 g

sohn-retheli Pglr. Aren. 192
solani F. Tripk, 90

soldana Noack Par. 157 ... 18 g

solida Ersch. Rhy. 69 .... 9 h

solida Rhy. 32

solidaginis Hbn. Chloa. 136

solimana Drt. Bry. 268 .... 24 k

sollers Christ. Eux. 31

sollers Stgr. Rhy. 67, 248

sollertina Cti. Rhy. 249

sollertina Cti. Rhy. 67 ... . 9 d

soltowensis Schtz. Acron. 238

Sophtha Wkr. 205

sordescens Stgr. Agr. 61 ... 8 d

sordescens Agr. 247
sordida Bkh. Par. 157
sordida Btlr. Atrach. 161
sordida Hann. Lith. 206

sordida Stgr. Bry. 19 .... 2 h

sordida Warr. Par. 157
sordidula Strd. Atrach. 161
soudanensis Hmp-s. Ath. 273 . 26 i

sounkeana Mats. Aren. 192
spadicea Hbn. Con. 149
spadicea-grisea Oberth. Con. 149
spalax Alph. Polia 98 ... . 14 d

spalleki Kitt Ath. 181
spania Pglr. Rhy. 63
sparganii Esp. Arch. 193
sparganoides O. B.-H. Arch. 194

sparsa Cti. Eux. 40 . 5 c

sparsa Wkr. Corg. 206
spatzi Rothsch. Anum. 229
speciosa Brent. Sid. 163
speciosa Hbn. Apl. 84 .... 12 f

speciosa Hbn. Apl. 251
spectrum L. Apop. 225
Speiredonia Hbn. 216
sphinx Hfng. Brach. 134
spinaciae View. Polia 101, 253
spinifera Hbn. Agr. 26
spiniferus Haw. Agr. 43
Spinipalpa Alph. 83
spinosa Christ. Crino 140
Spintherops 147
spinula Esp. Agr. 43
spirogramma Rbl. Eubl. 202
spissilinea Stgr. Rhy. 73 . . . 7 a

splendens Steph. Polia 100 .
splendida Ams. Metal. 256
splendida O. B.-H. Athaum. 145
splendida O. B.-H. Bry. 20 . . 2 i

splendida Rngn. Phyt. 266
splendida Reisser Crym. 259
splendida Stgr. Sim. 7 ... . lb
splendida Trti. Agrot. 181
splendida Trti. & Vrty. Eux. 31 4 b

splendidior Fdz. Phyt. 221
spoliatricula Hbn. 18
sponsa L. Morm. 212
sponsoides Gloss Cat. 213
spormanni Heyd. Non. 194
Spudaea Snell. 150
Spudaea Snell. 88
spuleri Wnuk . Polia 99
squalida Ev. Eux. 80, 240

Plate

squalida Gn. Rhy. 68 . 9 g

squalida Rhy. 83
squalidalis Dhl. Herm. 235
squalidiformis Drt. Rhy. 69 . . 9 i

squalidior Agr. 246

squalidior Ev. Agr. 58 ... . 7 g

squalorum Ev. Agr. 57 ... . 7 e

squaloram Agr. 58, 246
squamosa Rothsch. Antit. 143 . IS b

squamosa Schwing. Bry. 268
srdinkoana Joukl Eriop. 170
stabilis View. Mon. 115
stabilita Cti. Agr. 48

stabulorum Bien. Rhy. 70 . . 9 k

stabulorum Rhy. 83

standfussi Trti. Par. 157 ... 19 f

standfussi Wisk. Sid. 163

stauderi Schaw. Harm. 106 . . 13 i

stattermayeri Sctiaiv. Arch. 263

standing eri Agr. 41

staudingeri Grasl. Con. 150

staudingeri Wgn. Harm. 104 . 13 h

stellans Cti. <& Drt. Agr. 57
stempfferi Brs. Caloph. 129
Stenodrina Brs.

Stenoloba Stgr. 206

stenoptera Rbl. Harm. 105 . . 13 i

Stenosoma 57, 269

Stenostigma Warr. 145

stentzi Led. Rhy. 79

stentzi Rhy. 63

stereotypa Kozh. Las. 112

sternecki like. Cat. 212

stertzi Cossus 216

stertzi Pglr. Plot. 216

stictica Pouf. Rhy. 75

stigmata Wil. Tox. 227

stigmatica Ev. Coen. 194 ... 22 f

stigmatica Gn. Bleph. 92

stigmatica Kozh. Eux. 26

stigmatica Rothsch. Caloph. 130 H> i

stigmatica Caloph. 256

stigmatophora Hmps. Cue. 255

stigmatula Htg. Rhy. 80

stigmosa Christ. Scot. 98 . . . 14 c

stigmosa Christ. Scot. 252

Stilkia Steph. 173

Stilbina Stgr. 172

stoliezkana Mr. Had. 113. . . 15 e

stolida F. Gramm. 217
storthynx Dhl. Ephes. 215
stotzneri Cti. Rhy. 64 ... , 8 h

straminea Leech Rhy. 74
straminea Rbl. Porph. 202
straminea Rothsch. Rhy. 78
straminea Tr. Sid. 120

straminea Zy. Ath. 175 . ... 21c

straminea Zy. Ath. 272

strenua Cti. Agr. 55 . 7 c

striata Cut. Porph. 204

striata Drt. Bry. 16 . 2 c

striata Porph. 264

striata Herz Polyd. 224

striata Stgr. Argyr. 194 ... 22 f

striata Stgr. Bry. 15 . 2 b

striata Stgr. Tim. 197

striatus Kozh. Agr. 246

stridula Hmps. Rhy. 81

strigata Hke. Rhy. 79

strigata Rbl. Rhiz. 191

strigilis Olig. 141

strigilis Cl. Olig. 259

strigilis Cl. 01. 159, 259

strigosa F. Acron. 238

strigosa Schiff. Acron. 8

strigosa Strd. Agr. 44

strigosa Stgr. Arch. 193

strigula Gn. Bry. 18

strigula Bkh. Bry. 17

strioligera Led. Oncocn. 134 . 17 d

strobilacei Dum. Disc. 96

struvei Rag. Par. 158

struvei-excessa Trnr. Par. 158

INDEX.

stupenda Btlr. Rhy. 79
stupenda Wgn. Antit. 142
stygia Hmps. Oateph. 228
Stygiodrina Brs. 277
Stygiostola Hmps. 155
stylata, Sm. Cerap. 134
styriaca Hoffm. Antit. 144
suava Hbn. Eubl. 202, 264
suavis Oberth. Rhy. 78
suavis Stgr. Eryth. 198 ....
suavis Stgr. Polia 100 ....

suavis Stgr. llhy. 67
subaffineola Strd. Cal. 189
subalba Cti. & Drt. Agr. 51 . .
subalbida Stgr. Caloph. 130
subalpica Dhl. Teles. 170
subalpina Dhl. Agr. 46
subanalis Strd. Anuga 210
subaquila Pallu. 261
subargentea Car. Rad. 182 .
sublutea Trti. Antit. 143 . . .
subcaerulea Graes. Antit. 144 .
subcaerulea Warn. Rby. 63 . .
subcanescens Cti. & Drt. Rby. 7 5
subconspicua Stgr. Eus. 36 . .
subconspicua Stgr. Eux. 40
subcorticea Stgr. Rby. 63 . . .
subdecora Stgr. Eux. 31, 32
subdecora Stgr. Rby. 70 ...
subdissoluta Wgn. Agr. 58 . .
subdistinguenda Cti. Eux. 23 .
subdita Warr. Ath. 177
subdolens Btlr. Rby. 74 . . .

subflava Ev. Cosm. 154. . . .
subfusca Autoph. 147
subfusca Christ. Aut. 226 . . .
subfusca Dhl. Ephes. 215
subgothica Haw. Eux. 40, 42
subgrisea Trnr. Bry. 239

sublata Cti. Eux. 31 .

subligaminosa Aut. 225
sublima Kozh. Anom. 87
sublimbata Pglr. Blepb. 146
subliterata Fil. Bry. 239
sublustris Esp. Par. 156
submarginata O. B.-H. Bleph.

146 .

submolesta Ev. Eux. 32
submolesta Pglr. Rby. 73
subochracea Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 75
subornata Leech Acron. 9
subornata Stgr. Sid. 163
subplumbea Cut. Mer. 239
subplumbea Stgr. Rby. 68 . .

subplumbeola Cul. Oed. 21 . .
subpudens Strd. Enm. 216
subpurpurea Leech. Rby. 79
subpurpurea Mats. Acron. 10
subrectangula Stgr. Agr. 59
subrosea Mats. Sid. 121
subrosea Steph. Rhy. 63 . . .
subrosea Steph. Rhy. 247
subrubra Dhl. Agr. 52
sub rubra Dhl. Rby. 81
subrufa Luc. Hydr. 187
subrufescens Dhl. Lept. 201
subrurea Pet. Parast. 258
subsequa Schiff. Triph. 90
subsericata H.-Schdff. Polyph.

261 . .

subsqualorum Kozh. Agr. 247 .
subterminalis Draes. Simpl. 234
subtilis Mob. Rbabin. 173
subumbrosa Strd. Erch. 217
subuniformis Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 69
subvaria Cti. Eux. 243
subvaria Cti. Eux. 40 ....

subvenusta Pglr. Antit. 143
subviolacea Mats. Harm. 102
subviridis Btlr. Trach. 169
subvittata Cti. Rby. 74 . . . .
succinea Esp. Argyr. 194 . . .
suda Hbn. Antit. 144, 257

327

Plate

22 h
14 f

6 c, d

21 k
18 a

18 e
8 i

11 f
4 k

8 i

10 a
8 a
3 a

11 e

19 e

24 b

4 c

18 h

18 h

11 e

9 f
2 k

8 i

26 f
25 i

24 g

9 b

5 c
18 c

10 1

22 o-
i-J" &

Plate

suecica Aur. Rhy. 83

sueticola Simla Eux. 31

suffumata Warr. Ol. 159

suffusa Fdz. Eux. 24, 268

suffusa Fdz. Eux. 240

suffusa Hoffm. Agr. 52

suffusa Klem. Brach. 134

suffusa Mats. Hyp. 118

suffusa Rothsch. Oed. 21

suffusa Schiff. Agr. 43

suffusa Splr. Acron. 10

suffusa Strd. Synth. 195

suffusa Tutt Acron. 10

suff usa Tutt Anart. 198

suffusa Tutt Aren. 192

suffusa Tutt Cosm. 153

suffusa Tutt Eur. 87

suff usa Tutt Sid. 119

suffusa Warr. Harm. 107

suffusa Strd. Rby. 76

Sugitania Mats. 146

sugitanii Mats. Cal. 189 ... 22 c

sugitanii Mats. Coloc. 6

sugitanii Mats. Perig. 114

suhriana Gillm. Acron. 9

suigensis Mats. Acron. 8 . . . 1 c

sulcifera Christ. Eux. 32

sulcifera Christ. Eux. 34, 242

sulphurago Cosm. 154

sulpburescens Heyd. Anarta 19S

sultana Bang.-H. Cat. 214

sulzerii Vorbr. Arch. 193

superba A. B.-H. Rhy. 67

superba Hbn. West. 279

superba Rothsch. Oed. 21

superba Trti. Par. 157

supermissa Splr. Par. 157

super stes Tr. Ath. 175, 176, 272

suppuncta Stgr. Porpb. 205 . . 23 a

suppura Stgr. Porpb. 204

surchica Brs. Atb. 273 ... . 26 k

surcoufi Dum. Anum. 229

surcoufi Anum. 267

sureyae Rbl. Agr. 56, 245 ... 25 i

suspicax Drt. Rby. 69 ... . 9 g

sutscbana Drt. Pan. 199 ... 22 li

sutcbanica Fil. Dysm. 182

syrCana Mab. Copic. 125

suzukii Mats. Aren. 192 ... 22 f

suzukii Mats. Coloc . la

suzukii Mats. Ephes. 215
sylvatica Bell. Crino 139 ... 17 i

sylvicola Ev. Crym. 162

symphona Prt. Porpb. 204, 264
Sympistis Hbn. 199, 263
Syneda Gn. 267
Syneda Gn. 230
synesia Trti. Agr. 57, 269
Syngrapha Hbn. 220, 266
Synthymia Hbn. 195
Sypna Gn. 224

syrdaja Hmps. Clyt. 218 ... 23 e

syriaca Bugn. Clyt. 218

syriaca Ostli. Arnph. 174 ... 21 b

syriaca Ostli. Atet. 153 . . . . 19 c

syriaca Osth. Harm. 102 ... 13 b

syriaca Osth. Morm. 212

syriaca Osth. Par. 156 .... 19 f

syriaca Osth. Sid. 120

syriaca Osth. Val. 141

syriaca Stgr. Ath. 180 .... 21 li

syriaca Stgr. Ath. 273

syriaca Warr. Brach. 134

syriae Strd. Rhy. 81

syricola Cti. Agr. 244

syricola Cti. & Drt. Agr. 52 . . 6 e

syriensis Strd. Bry. 17

syriensis Strd. Pacb. 109

syrtana Mab. Cue. 123

syrticola Trti. Bry. 20 ... . 2 i

syrticola Trti. Ear. 211

szeebuena Hmps. Cat. 265

szetsebwana Draes. Polia 100

Plate

szetschwanensis Draes. Nagad.

235

tabora Stgr. Bry. 18 . 2 g

taeniata Lenz Mon. 115

takamukui Mats. Rhy. 75

Telorta Warr. 258

tamanukii Mats. Anom. 85

tamerlana Hmps. Eux. 37

tamerlana Hmps. Rhy. 64 . . 8 g

tamsi Fil. Hypena 267

tanaceti Schiff. Cue. 122

tanaica Alph. Arsil. 7

tancrei Agr. 51

tancrei Cti. Agr. 45 . 5 h

tancrei Graes. Had. 113

tancrei Graes. Megan. 138 . . . 17 1i

tangens Hnrch. Mon. 115

tanitalis Rbl. Riv. 233 .... 24 g

tapestrina Mr. Cat. 265

tapina Hmps. Euloc. 181

Tarache Hbn. 209

tarassota Hmps. Pbyt. 222 . . 23 h

taraxaci Hbn. Ath. 175

tarda Leech Rhy. 77 . Ilk

tarda Trti. Lept. 201

tardenota Joan. Pall. 167 . . 20 f

tarsicristalis H.-Schdff. Zancl.
234

tarsiplumalis Hbn. Zancl. 234

tatsienluica Oberlli. Bry. 17
taurica Cul. Gon. 220
taurica H.-Schdff. Pyrrli. 188 . 22 b

taurica Osth. Dryob. 141, 257 . 26 b

taurica Osth. Pbyt. 222 ... 23

taurica Stgr. Acron. 11 ... . 1

taurica Stgr. Aren. 192 ... . 22 d

taurica Stgr. Eux. 31
tauricola Cti. cfc Drt. Agr. 56
taurus Strd. Hadj. 184
taylori Rothsch. Card. 269
tecca Pglr. Cue. 123

tecta Hbn. Anom. 86 . 12 g

telekii Diosz. Ath. 274

Telesilla H.-Schdff. 170

tclifera Donz. Eux. 28

tellieri Luc. Pseud. 165 ... 20 d

temera Hbn. Eux. 24, 268 ... 3 b

temerci Eux. 240

templi Thnbg. Dasyp. 135

tenebrata Scop. Panem. 201

tenebricorsa Schaw. Rliy. 72

tenera A. B.-H. Atb. 179 .. . 21 f

tenera A. B.-H. Ath. 272

tenerifica Hmps. Crino 139

tentacularia L. Herm. 235

tenuialis Rbl. Zancl. 234 ... 24 g

tenuicornis Alph. 146

tenuis Btlr. Rby. 78

tenuis Warr. Calot. 13S. . . . 17 li

tephra Bsd. Eux. 30

tephrina Stgr. Agr. 48, 49

Tephrochares Zy. 231

teplirochrysea Drt. Harm. 106 . 13 k

tepbroleuca Bsd. Harm. 106 . 13 k

teriolensis Dhl. Polia 191 ... 14 b

teriolensis Htg. Derth. 132 . . 17 a

terlana Dhl. Eriop. 170

terminalis Zancl. = tenuiahs

terminalis Strd. Rhy. 79

terminicincta Cti. & Drt. Agr. 58 7 b

terrea Fr. Ath. 272

terrea Warr. Olig. 259

terrestris Cti. Eux. 240

terrestris Cti. Eux. 27 ... . 3 k

tersina Stgr. Derth. 132 ... 16 1

tescorum Pglr. Cue. 122 ... 16 a

testacea Hnrcli. Brach. 134

teukyrana Trti. Omph. 150 . . 18 m

texturata Alph. Had. 109

thalamos Schtz. Ephes. 315

be &jd

328

INDEX.

Plate

Thalata Wkr. 14

Thalpophila Hbn. 171

thamanaea Hmps. Bry. 17 . . 2d

thapsina Pglr. Rhy. 71 . . . 10 b

Thargelia Pglr. 109

Thecamichtis Drt. 270

thecapliaga Drt. Harm. 253 . . 25 k

Thecophora Led. 270

Thermesia Hbn. 228

theryi le C. Eux. 241

thianchanica Stgr. Rhy. 66 . . 9 b

thianshanica Rhy. 248

Tholera Hbn. 109

'Tholera 168

thompsoni Arkle Apl. 108 . . . 14 i

thomsoni Prt. Cat. 214

thulei Stgr. Rhy. 248

thunbergi Nord. Ath. 178 . . 21 e

tiberina Sohn-R. Pall. 168 . . . 20 g

tibetana Mr. Eux. 26

tibetana Stgr. Rhy. 74

tibetensis Warr. Eupl. 169

tibetica Cti. ct Drt. Bur. 88 . . 10 e

tibetica Strd. Bry. 15

tibetica Strd. Omor. 201

tiburtina Trti. Sid. 119 ... 15 h

tiefi Pglr. Apl. 108 . 14 i

tie.fi Aplecta 99

tiena Pglr. Acron. 12 .... 1 i

tigrina F. Oph. 217
timandra Alph. Dier. 234 . . 24 g

timberia Drt. Cue. 124 .... 16 c

timida Stgr. Parast. 158, 271 . 23 c

Timora Wkr. 197, 278
Timor a 194

timur A. B.-H. Cat. 213

tincta Brahrn Apl. 108

tincta Leech Rhy. 76

tirhaca Cr. Anua 217

tischendorffi Pglr. Agr. 55, 245 11 a

titschaki Cti. Eux. 27 .... 3 i

tjurana Drt. Arsil. 237 .... 25 a

tobolskensis Shelf. Rhy. 82
tokionis Btlr. Agr. 45 .... 5 h

topsenti Oberth. Props. 183
torrida Bsd. Con. 149
torva Cti. <fc Drt. Rhy. 75. . . 11 f

tosca A. B.-H. Cue. 123 ... 16 c

tosta Mr. Tun. 197
toxistigma Hmps. Agr. 56
Toxocampa Gn. 227
trabealis Scop. Eras. 209
Trachea Tr. 169
trachycornis Strd. Porph. 203
traegeri Dub. Gort. 262

tragica Cti. <fc Drt. Agr. 60 . . lid
iragopoginis L. Amph. 155
transcaspica Kozh. Eux. 242
transiens Drt. Harm. 253 . . 25 k

transiens Stgr. Rhy. 73 . . . 10 g

transsylvanica H.-Schdff. Eux.

28

transversa Drt. Bry. 15 ... 2 a

transversa Stgr. Aren. 172
transversa W gn. Derth. 133
transversa Wkr. Agr. 44
transversalis Trti. Aneur. 279
transversata Warr. 161
trapezina L. Cal. 189, 262
trapezinula Fit. Cal. 189
trapezoidalis Trti. Bry. 20 . . 2 i

trapezoides Stgr. Enar. 190 . . 22 d
tracer sii Fered. Oph. 217
travunia Schaw. Agr. 247
travunia Agr. 59
treitschkei Bsd. Scot. 252
treitschkei Scot. 97
treitschkei Friv. Pyrrh. 188
triangularis Mr. Hyp. 236
triangularis Mr. Rhy. 63
triangulata Swh. Gramm. 217
triangulum Hfng. Rhy. 79
Triclioclea Grt. 112

Plate

Trichorhiza Hmps. 172
Trichoridia 270
Trichospolas Drt. 254
tricristata Drt. Val. 141 ... 171

tricusp is Esp. Cerat. 117
tridens Schiff. Acron. 10
tridens Schiff. Acron. 238
tridentifera Schtz. Calot. 138
trifida Fisch.-Wald. Rhy. 24
trifida Fisch.-Wald. Rhy. 73
trifolii Iiott. Scot. 97, 112, 252
trifurca Ev. Agr. 47
trifurca Agr. 24, 43
trifurcula Stgr. Agr. 47
trifurcula Agr. 24
trigonica Alph. Rhy. 64
Trigonophora Him. 169
trigrammica Hfng. Mer. 188
trilinea B.-Bak. Bryol. 22 . . 2 1

trilinea Bryol. 171
trimacula Bngn. Symp. 263
trimacula Schiff , Derth. 132
tripartita Hfng. Abr. 223
Triphaena Hbn. 90, 252
Triphaena 62

triphaenoides Oberth. Ephes. 315

Tripliaenopsis Btlr. 171

triplasia L. Abr. 223

tripolensis Hmps. Amat. 151

triquetra Wgn. Oph. 217

trisagittata Rothsch. Harm. 102

triseriata Mr. Rhy. 80 ... . 12 b

trisignata Men. Bleph. 92

trisignata Trti. Bry. 15

tristalis Led. Bom. 236

tristis B.-Haas Arsil. 7

tristis Brem. Rad. 183

tristis Brs. Cue. 255

tristis Btlr. Nod. 234

tristis Drt. Harm. 103 ... . 13 f

tristis Herz Rad. 182

tristis Strd. Clilor. 197

tristis Stgr. Eux. 36 . 4 i

tri/tici L. Eux. 33
tritici L. Eux. 23, 39, 41
troni Huene Cran. 14
truculenta Led. Agr. 56
trux Hbn. Agr. 51
trux Hbn. Agr. 32, 244
tschiliensis O. B.-H. Cat. 214
tumidimacula Warr. Elydna 188
tumidisigna Warr. Syn. 220
tumulorum Brs. Heter. 260
tundrana A. B.-H. Anom. 86
tunicata Graes. Cosm. 153
tunkinski O. B.-H. Polia 101
tunkuna Drt. Ath. 177
turana Gr.-Grsh. Ear. 211

turanica Stgr. Acron. 9 . . . . 1 e

turatii Brs. Ath. 276 . 26 i

turatii Costn. Hydr. 188

turatii Luc. Stilb. 173

turatii Schaw. Leuc. 131 ... 16 k

turatii Stdfs. Agr. 49 .... 51

turatii Agr. 24

turbans Stgr. Agr. 56 . 7 c

turbata Kurd. Pangr. 234

turbeti le C. Rhy. 250

turbida Hbn. Sid. 119

turbulenta Warr. Ath. 276

turca L. Hyp. 117

turcorum Zy. Arm. 231

turonica Cul. Euer. 91 ... . 13 a

typhoea Trti. Orth. 88

typhoea Trti. Orth. 252

typica L. Naen. 89

tyrannus A. B.-H. Agr. 58, 246 7 g

U.

ulicis Stgr. Enar. 190

ulrici Cti. &• Drt. Rhy. 79 . . 12 a

Ulochlaena Led. 132

Plate

TJlochlaena 164
Ulotricliopus 1 Vllgr. 216
umbra Hfng. Col. 189
umbra Hfng. Pyrrh. 188
umbrosana Strd. Erch. 217
umbrata Hers Pall. 168
umbrata Hnrch. Cosm. 154
umbrata Schtz. Arch. 263
umbrata Schtz. Eut. 195
umbrata Schtz. Rhy. 79
umbratica Gz. Styg. 155
umbratica L. Cue. 122
umbratilis Drt. Ath. 181 . . .
umbratilis Drt. Ath. 277
umbratilis Wgn. Agr. 52
umbrifera Alph. Agr. 58 . . .
umbrifera Agr. 246
umbrifera Hmps. Sten. 206
umbrosa O. B.-H Tar. 209
umbrosa Btlr. Erch. 217
umbrosa Hbn. Rhy. 80
umbrosa Wilem. Coloc. 6
umbrosissima Trti. Coloc. 6
umovii Ev. Bry. 21, 239 . . .

unamunoi Fdz. Eux. 30
unanimis Tr. Par. 158
uncarpa Kozh. Eux. 28
uncula Cl. Eustr. 207, 264
unctus Chr. Agr. 54
unculata Dhl. Eras. 209
undosa Leech Agr. 62 ....

unicolor Dup. Derth. 132 . . .
unicolor Hnrch. Par. 157
unicolor Hnrch. Spud. 150
unicolor Luc. Con. 148
unicolor Pill. Agr. 43
unicolor Rngn. Polia 253
unicolor Rothsch. Bry. 15 . . .
unicolor Splr. Bry. 17
unicolor Stgr. Cal. 189
unicolor Tutt. Cosm. 153
unicolor Tutt. 01. 160
unicolor Wkr. Rhy. 83
unicolor Warr. Aren. 191
unicolora Kozh. Rhy. 82
unicolor-brunnea Wgn. Par. 158
; unicolcr-ferruginea Wgn. Derth.

133 .

unicolor-nigra Wgn. Par. 15S ■
uniformis A. B.-H. Cateph. 228
uniformis Drt. Eustr. 207 . . .
uniformis Dudg. Sesam. 195
uniformis Dum. Hydr. 188
uniformis Rgt. Eux. 32
uniformis Splr. Atet. 152
uniformis Strd. Eux. 38
uniformis Strd. Hypli. 119
uniformis Trti. Coloc. 6
uniformis Warr. Amph. 155
uniformis Warr. Anurn. 229
unimacula Schwing. Mesot. 201
unimaculata Dum. Arch. 193
unimaculata Mo si. Agr. 44
unimaculata Schwing. Perig.

114

unimaculata Silb. Pall. 167
unipuncta Kief. Myth. 89
unipuncta Scriba Eups. 148
uralensis Cti. Eux. 25 ....

uralensis Bell. Phyt. 222
uralensis Splr. Cat. 213
uralensis Strd. Cat. 213
ursina Godt. Eux. 32
urumovi Dren. Harm. 105
Usbeoa Pglr. 166, 271
ussurica Schaw. Oxyt. 198
ussuriensis Kurd. Coloc. 6
ussuriensis Pet. Ap. 187
ussuriensis Shelf. Bleph. 92
ussuriensis Warn. Panthea 5
ustirena Bsd. Ath. 179
ustula Err. Epim. 173 . . . .
usurpatrix Rbl. Crino 139 . .

21 i

25 f

11 c
17 a

2 b

17 c

23 b

3 d

20 k
17 k

Publ. 30. VI. 193S.

INDEX.

329

Plate

V.

vaccinii L. Con. 149, 258
vaccinoides Oberth. Con. 150
vacillans Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 69 . 9 li

vacillans H.-Schaff. Eux. 30

vaciva Pglr. Disc. 96 .... 14 a

vadosa Cti. Rhy. 68 . 9 g

vaga Stgr. Eux. 32 . 4 d

valdepallida Strd. Plus. 222
Valeria Steph. 141

valesiaca Bsd. Agr. 57 ... . 7 e

valesiaca Agr. 246

vallantini Oberth. Cat. 214

valligera Hbn. Agr. 47

vanensis Drt. Eux. 243 .... 25 li

varia Alph. Eux. 40 . 5 c

varia Eux. 33
variabile Stertz Dasyst. 147
variabilis Bell. Ath. 274
variabilis Pill. Pliyt. 222
variegata Aust. Polia 100
variegata DM. Laph. 174
variegata DM. Spud. 150
variegata Lenz Triph. 90
variegata Oberth. Aucha 170
variegata Rbl. Polia 99
variegata Schaw. Agr. 244
variegata Schaw. Crino 139
variegata Strd. Acron. 10
variegata Trti. Dasyp. 135 . . 17 e

variegata Vorbr. Polia 101
variegata W gn. Eux. 39 . . . 5 c

variegata W gn. Harm. 102
variegata Warr. Brch. 217

variegata Whli. Crym. 161 . . 19 k

variegatula Trti. Bry. 16
vassilininei A. B.-H. Harm. 183 21 k

vassilinini O. B.-H. Disc. 96 . . 14 a

vau-punctatum Esp. Con. 148
vecors Pglr. Cham. 200 ... 22 i

vectis Curt. Rhiz. 191

vega Herz Anom. 85 . 12 g

velata Stgr. Rhy. 63 . 11 c

velifera Cti. & Drt. Rhy. 70 . 9 k

velocior Stgr. Lept. 207, 263
velocissima Trti. Lept. 201
velox Hbn. Lept. 201

velutina Ev. Sid. 119 . 15 li

venosa Christ. Aed. 263

venosa Drt. Agr. 58 . 7 f

venosa Kozh. Agr. 246

verecunda Pglr. Agr. 59 . . . 7 i

vernalis Frings Acron. 1 1

vernana Hbn. Ear. 211

veronicae Hbn. Con. 148

versicolor Bkh. Ol. 159 . . . . 19 i

versicolor Stgr. Cleoph. 128 . . 16 g

versicolor Stgr. Marg. 164, 260

versuta Pglr. Agr. 61 .... 8 a

veruta Cti. & Drt. Anom. 86 . 12 i

vespertalis Hbn. Aegle 197

vespertalis Stgr. Aut. 226. . . 24 c

vespertilio Drt. Apl. 109 ... 14 i

vesperugo Ev. Apl. 108

vestigialis Roll. Agr. 47

vestilina Hmps. Rhy. 67 . . . 9 b

veterina Led. Par. 156

veternosa Pglr. Marg. 164 . . 20 c

veternosa Marg. 260

vetusta Hbn. Xyl. 137

vexilliger Christ. Pyrrh. 188. . 22 b

viburni Dhl. Cran. 14 .... 11

vicaria Pglr. Crym. 162 ... 19 1

vicaria Pglr. 169

viciae Hbn. Tox. 228

vicina A. B.-H. Cue. 122 ... 16 a

vicina Alph. Crino 139 .... 17 i

vicina Cti. Agr. 60 . 7 1

vicina Cul. Ath. 276

vicina Stgr. Ath. 180 . 21 h

vicina Stgr. Ath. 275
victiuncula Heyd. Ol. 160

Supplementary Volume 3

Plate

Victrix Stgr. 145

vidua Stgr. Polia 100 .... 1 4 f(,

vidua Stgr. Rhy. 79
viguraea Pglr. Rhy. 32, 73

vilis Hmps. Bry. 16 . 2d

vilis Wkr. Cork 219

villiersi Gn. Eux. 24 . , 3 c

villiersi Eux. 240

vilpiana DM. Ephes. 215

viminalis F. Bomb. 135

vinacea Joan. Lept. 201

vinirufa Drt. Eux. 241 ... . 25 a

vinnula Schaw. Eubl. 264

vinosa Schaw. Eux. 27

vinosa Oberth. Cer. 88, 251 . . 12 1

violacea Car. Mon. 115

violascens Heyd. Agr. 48

violetta Schaw. Rhy. 251

violetta Stgr. Rhy. 68 ... . 9 e

virata Costn. Sid. 120

virens Btlr. Eur. 87 . 14 a

virens L. Cal. 195
virescens Dhl. Bry. 17
virescens Trti. Rhy. 78 ... Ill

virgata Tutt Acron. 9 . If

virgata Dhl. Hyp. 117

virgata Lenz Mon. 116

virgata Rocci Herm. 235

virgata Tutt Agr. 48

virgata Tutt Agri. 141

virgata Tutt Crino 139 .... 17 i

virgata Tutt Lith. 172

virgata Warr. Ol. 159

virginalis Oberth. Anarta 198

virginalis Oberth. Porph. 204

virginalis Rag. Cocc. 202

virgo Tr. Callog. 170

viridaria Cl. Proth. 232

viridescens Trti. Apl. 84

viridimacula Graes. Yal. 142 . . 17 1

viridinota Swh. Eutel. 210

viridior Schaw. Bry. 239

viridior Splr. Eur. 87

viridis Stgr. Phyt. 222 ... . 23 g

viridisquama Gn. Eras. 209

viridistriga Rbl. Agri. 141

viscosa Frr. Hadj. 184, 261

virilis Strd. Eubl. 202

viromelas Slev. Agri. 161

vitalba Frr. Thalp. 171

vitellina Hbn. Sid. 119

vitiensis Fdz. Conis. 254

vitiosa Whli. Con. 220

vitta Esp. Eux. 241

vitta Hbn. Eux. 29 . 3 1

vitta Hbn. Eux. 34, 43
vittata Hnrch. Eur. 87
vittata Stgr. Rhy. 74 . 10 1

vividior Oberth. Rhiz. 145

vixsignata Schaw. Rhy. 64

v-notata Strd. Syn. 220

volandi Phil. Xyl. 114

vollmeri Schtz. Atli. 181

volmeri Her. Caloph. 130

vorbrodti Whli. Myth. 89

v-parvum Kozh. Rad. 182

vulcanea Btlr. Tox. 228

vulcanica Trti. Harm. 104 . . 13 g

vulpecula Cosm. 154

vulpecula Ev. Pallu. 261

vulpecula Led. Cosm. 168, 261

vulpecula Wgn. Rhy. 72

vulpina Mr. Rhy. 81

vulpina Stgr. Catas. 133 ... 17 c

vulturina Frr. Crino 139

vulturinea II. Schaff. Crino 139,

257

vuteria Stoll Sesam. 194

W.

| wagneri Brs. Orth. 152
i wagneri Cti. Agr. 244 .... 25 i

wagneri Cti. Eux. 27, 241 . .

wagneri Drt. Agr. 50
walkeri Strd. Tyana 211
waltha/rii Cti. Eux. 25 ... .
warionis Oberth. Ameph. 1 27
warneckei Brs. Ath. 273 . . .
warpachowskii Krul. Acron 12
wautersi Dufr. Coloc. 6
wehrlii Drt. Harm. 103 ....
wehrlii Vorbr. Agr. 49
weissenborni Frr. Agr. 50
weissi Drt. Harm. 104 ....

weissi Drt. Polia 101 .

weissi Dub.-R. Rhynch. 91
westermanni Stgr. Anom. 86
westermanni Stgr. Eux. 29 . .
Westermannia Hbn. 279
weymeri Hold Coloc. 5
wichgrafi Cti. Agr. 54 ....
wiltshirei Brs. Agr. 245
wiltshirei Brs. Ath. 273 . . .
wiltshirei Brs. Eux. 269 . . .
wiltshirei Byt.-S. Amath. 271
wiltshirei Byt.-S. Arch. 278
wiskotti Pglr. Min. 216
wiskotti Stfs. Rhy. 71 ... .
wiskotti Stdfs. Rhy. 250
witzenmanni Stdfs. Cer. 88
witzenmanni Stdfs. Cer. 251
witzenmanni Stfs. Spud. 151
w-latinum Hfng. Polia 99
wockei Mschl. Anom. 86 . . .
wockei Mschl. Eux. 29
wollastoni Rbl. Chut. 170
wollastoni Rothsch. Cryps. 227
wredowi Costa Cue. 122 . . .

wullschlegeli Pglr. Ath. 177
wullschlegeli Pglr. Ath. 275

X.

xantha Schaw. Agri. 141
xantheago Schaw. Cosm. 153
xanthenes Germ. Hydr. 188, 262
xantliiodes Hmps. Agr. 59
xanthochloris Bsd. Polyph. 170
xanthocyanea Hbn. Harm. 103 13 e

xanthographa Schiff. Rhy. 80
xanthographa Rhy. 78
xanthoides Hmps. Rhy. 32
Xantholeuca Hmps. 278
Xantlioleuca Steph. 148
xanthomista Drt. Acron. 13 . . 1 i

xanthomista Hbn. Antit. 144
xanthophaea Schaw. Cat. 213
xanthophila Schaw. Eux. 26
xanthophoba Schaw. Harm. 104
xanthorhoda Brs. Ath. 275 . . 25 b

xanthosemata Hmps. Agr. 269
xanthostaxis Dhl. Rhy. 80
xanthostigma Schaw. Par. 158
xanthosuffusa Fdz. Polyph. 170 20 k

xena Stgr. Man. 112
xerampelina Esp. Atet. 152
xeranthemi Bsd. Cue. 123
Xestia Hbn. 83, 251
xestiodes Hmps. Xest. 83
x-notata Drt. Pall. 167
x-signata Stgr. Acron. 13
Xylina Tr. 137

xylinoides A. B.-H. Par. 158 . 19 g

xylinoides Par. 162

Xylomania Hmps. 114, 255

Xylomoia Stgr. 184

xylophana Brs. Cue. 255 ... 26 c

Plate

3 i

3 e

26 k
1 h

13 g

13 g

14 h

3 1

11 a

26 k
23 k

10 d

12 li

16 a
21 e

Y.

yarkenda A. B.-H. Isoch. 91
yarkenda Cti. Eux. 36 ... . 4 i

42

330

INDEX.

yatsugadakeana Mats. Anom.

84

yemenensis Limps. Tar. 210
yezonis Strd. Ephes 215.
yokohama Strd. Gerb. 161
yokohama Strd. Par. 157
yoshinalis W. & W. Hyp.

236

yoshinoensis Wit. Corg. 206
yoshinoensis Wit. Trach. 169
youngi Rothsch. Cleoph. 127
ypsilon It Ur. Gerb. 259 . . .

ypsilon Rott. Eux.^3
yunnana Melt Ephes. 266
yunnanensis Melt Cat. 265
yvanii Dup. Cleoph. 128

Plate

26 f

Zanclognatha Led. 234

Zanclognatha 279

Zanclostathme Drt. 279

zeituna Stgr. Rhy. 66 .... 9 a

zcituna Rhy. 65

zelleri Christ. Heter. 164

Zenobia Oken 154

Zenobiinae 258

Zenobiinae 154

zerfii Dum. Polia 253

zerkowitzi Brs. Cue. 255 ... 26 c

zermattensis Drt. Scot. 96

zermattica Strd. Ath. 149

zernyi Agen. Porph. 264

zernyi Brs. Ath. 276 . 26 li

zernyi Cti. Agr. 58 .

zernyi Cti. Agr. 247

zernyi Drt. Harm. 107 . . . .

zernyi Schwing. Aren. 263

zeta Tr. Crym. 260

zeta Tr. Crym. 161

zetina Stgr. Had. 113 . . . .

zetina Stgr. 161

zilla Btlr. Bom. 236

zinckenii Tr. Lith. 137

zobeidah Brs. Ath. 274 . . .

zobeli Hnrch. Bry. 16

zollikoferi Frr. Sidem. 260

zollikoferi Sid. 162

zosimi Hbn. Phyt. 221

zukowskyi Drt. Agr. 247 . . .

Plate

7 k
13 b

15 e

26 1

25 b

Errata and Additions to Supplementary Vol. 3.

Errata and Additions to Supplementary Volume 3.

p.

11

line

28

from

p.

11

line

25

from

p.

12

line

22

from

p.

15

line

24

from

p.

17

line

24

from

p.

25

line

20

from

p.

35

line

3

from

p.

39

line

9

from

p.

46

line

11

from

p.

49

line

29

from

p.

49

line

21

from

p.

51

line

7

from

p.

59

line

9

from

p.

63

line

23

from

p.

66

line

17

from

p.

75

line

27

from

p.

82

line

12

from

p.

88

line

13

from

p.

90

line

28

from

p.

130

line

25

from

p.

133

line

3 from i

p.

133

line

14

from

p.

135

line

2

from

p.

138

line

12

from

p.

142

line

8

from

p.

148

line

6

from

p.

153

line

27

from

p.

155

line

15

from

p.

156

line

25

from

p.

156

line

16

from

p.

157

line

5

from

distincta Stgr. belongs to aquilina (p. 26).

and also Cii. <b Drt.

Cerastis Tr. instead of Fr.
(Vol. 3 . .) instead of (Vol. 2

)•

instead of Flor.

332

Errata and Additions to Supplementary Vol. 3.

P. 158 line 7 from below alter (19 h ) into (23 c).

P. 159 line 19 from above read: Haw. instead of Hew.

P. 1G3 line 5 from above delete the reference (20 f).

P. 163 line 6 from above add to the reference (20 a as pozzii).

P. 166 line 21 from above delete the reference (20 e).

P. 166 line 26 from above delete the reference (20 e).

P. 166 line 11 from below delete the reference (20 f).

P. 166 line 7 from below add the reference (23 c).

P. 167 line 7 from above alter (20 f) into (20 e).

P. 167 line 22 from above alter (20 g) into (20 f).

P. 167 line 26 from above alter (20 f) into (20 e).

P. 167 line 25 from below alter (20 g) into (20 f).

P. 167 line 24 from below alter (20 g) into (20 f).

P. 167 line 15 from below alter (20 g) into (20 f).

P. 167 line 11 from below alter (20 g) into (20 f).

P. 167 line 7 from below alter (20 g) into (20 f).

P. 167 line 3 from below alter (20 h) into (20 g).

P. 167 line 2 from below alter (20 li) into (20 g).

P. 168 line 1 from above alter (20 i) into (20 h).

P. 168 line 5 from above alter (20 h) into (20 g).

P. 168 line 10 from above alter (20 h) into (20 g).

P. 168 line 17 from above alter (20 lr) into (20 g).

P. 168 line 24 from above alter (20 i) into (20 h).

P. 168 line 26 from above alter (20 i) into (20 h).

P. 168 line 27 from above alter (20 i) into (20 h).

P. 169 line 25 from above alter (20 i) into (20 h).

P. 169 line 2 from above alter (20 i) into (20 h).

P. 170 line 17 from below alter (20 i) into (20 h).

P. 170 line 14 from below alter (20 k) into (20 i).

P. 170 line 7 from below alter (20 k) into (20 i).

P. 170 line 2 from below alter (20 k) into (20 i).

P. 171 line 17 from above read: cinerescens instead of cinerascens.

P. 172 line 13 from above alter (20 k) into (20 i).

P. 172 line 14 from above alter (20 k) into (20 i).

P. 172 line 17 from below alter (20 1) into (20 k).

P. 172 line 9 from below alter (20 1) into (20 k).

P. 172 line 6 from below alter (20 1) into (20 k).

P. 172 line 5 from belowr alter (20 1) into (20 k).

P. 173 line 7 from above alter (20 1) into (20 k).

P. 173 line 8 from above alter (201) into (20 k).

P. 173 line 9 from above alter (20 1) into (20 k).

P. 181 line 11 from below delete the reference (21 i).

P. 202 line 14 from below alter (23 a) into (22 k).

P. 203 line 12 from above alter (23 a) into (22 k).

P. 203 line 26 from above alter (23 a) into (22 k.

P. 203 line 29 from above alter (23 a) into (22 k).

P. 205 line 11 from below alter (23 a) into (23 c).

P. 210 line 10 from above alter (23 e) into (23 c).

P. 210 line 17 from below delete the reference (23 b).

P. 215 line 20 from below read: Hindwings instead of forewings.

P. 217 line 17 from above read: 0. melicerta Dry. instead of A. melicerta Drc.

P. 220 line 10 from above: add the marginal name taurica.

P. 230 line 10 from below: add the marginal name angustifasciata.

P. 231 line 9 from above alter aksuana into axuana, also the marginal name.
P. 232 line 3 from above alter (24 f) into (23 d).

P. 232 line 16 from above add the reference (24 f).

P. 243 line 23 from below alter (6 i) into (5 e).

P. 247 line 13 from below alter (24 b) into (25 b).

P. 248 line 24 from above delete the reference (24 i).

P. 259 line 22 from above read E. faroulti instead of D.

P. 261 line 3 from below delete the plate reference (26 f).

Errata and Additions to Supplementary Vo

O O *>

P. 263 line 21 from above delete the plate reference (26 g).

P. 269 line 3 from above add to the plate reference (26 e as graslini).

P. 272 line 5 from above add the author’s name Brs.

P. 279 line 6 from above add after superba Hbn. (Vol. XI, pi. 42 h).

P. 280 add after Z. elbursalis Drt., that it should be placed as synonym to Hyrcanypena schwingen-

scliussi Wgnr., as the latter species was described one day earlier (Ztschr. ost. Ent. Ver. 22, 1937,

io.

p. 2).

Stereoscopic

Dissecting Microscopes

for Entomology

Upright image in relief
Binocular observation
Magnifications x 8 to abt x 100

Research Microscopes
Photomicrographic Equipment
Projection Apparatus

For free literature and information address
caRLTFlSs] CARL ZEISS, JENA • LONDON W i : Mortimer House 37-41, Mortimer St. -
NEW YORK: 485 Fifth Avenue . LOS ANGELES: 728 South Hill St. .
TOKYO : Yusen Building. General Representatives in all Principal Cities of the world.

Herm. Wernicke (H. Kotzsch), Dresden-Blasewitz

Establ. 1898 Entomological Institute Establ. 1898

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mi 1 1 1 iii 1 1 mi 1 1 in 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 in 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 in 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mil 1 1 1 mi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m m 1 1 1

^Enormous quantity of Eepidoptera from all parts of the world

in stork (about 40 000 specimens in first class quality to chose from)

Many Xovelties and liarieties from my own Expeditions in ex¬
eel lent quality and preparation.

Large Stork of Entomological Utensils

Many approved inventions for collecting, breeding and preservation.

Establishment of Museums!

Pricelists and assortments on application.

I take over the largest catches of insects

and

deliver complete equipments for expeditions.

T li e I e a si i n g* h o ia s c of L e pi fl o p ( e r a

insect Pin*

Net-frames; net-bags; killing-cylinders; setting-
boards; perganiens in rolls; drawers; lens; twee¬
zers and all other entomological utensils

delivers in approved quality and cheap
prices from great stock

J. F. WEISS, BREMEN I

Am Wall 196 a

Insect Boxes

of our well known first class workmanship, laid out only with
the thoroughly approved Moll Plate, as well as

Insect Cases

Setting boards and boxes for breeding caterpillars supplied by

Rich. IhSe & Sohn Nachf.

Dresden 23 SVIarkusstraBe 8

Important for Museums: Cases (glass show cases) for
collections etc. and show desks also of iron for all collecting
purposes can be supplied in any number and sizes.

H. Laupp jr, Printing Works

We execute all kinds of printing, as
Prospectus, Catalogues etc.

Our speciality: Production of scientific
works needing complicated setting of
type in all languages, especially also
in tabular form

HerrenbergerstraBe 1— 5 Tubingen

Germany

Anleituug zuiu Sain mclu
in tropischeu Eiinclcrn

by <J. Kibbe, 217 Pages of Text and 19 illustrations.

Price RM. 10.50 bound
with 25% discount for customers abroad.

A valuable handbook giving guidance to collectors
in tropical countries.

Sclilolistrafie SO Alfred lie me u,

Stuttgart-W (Germany) Publisher.

Catalogus Lepidopterorum
region's palaearcticae

containing all the European (palaearctic) Faunae as well as
North India (inch Assam), China (complete), Japan, Riu Kin Is.
as far as Formosa in the systematic order of the Seitz Work.

The Staudinger Price List No. 61
is combined with this catalogue.

It comprises 4 parts of 3 serial numbers each of 16 pages.

Unbound: the whole catalogue . EM. 12. —

each part of 3 serial numbers each RM. 6. —
Bound: each column one-sided on ruled sheets,

about 142 pages, each part . . . RM. 12. —

SVloumled: one-sided on a double cardboard for
collection-labels, each serial number
containing 48 sheets . RM. 6. —

The following lists will be readily sent free of charge:

No. 25 List of special lots of lepidoptera. Series for beginners,
schools and museums.

Single net prices for European and exotic lepidoptera,
show-pieces, decorations for rooms

No. 26 Utensils for preparing and collecting, insect boxes.

No. 27 General information: discount rates for List 61. Selec¬
tions, terms, dispatch.

No. 21 List of Books. Second-hand books at much reduced prices.

No. 40 Coleoptera, A. Pal., 17 000 species inch Index,

B. Exot., 12 000 species RM. 4. —

No. 10 Various Insects, Pal., 7000 species, from Hymenoptera
to Orthoptera . RM. 3. —

Dr. O. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas
Dresden-Blasewitz

Splendid illustrated Books

Hie exotlsclten K iifer

(The exotic Beetles)

by Ileyiie-Taschenberjs

320 pages of text in large quart and almost 2000 multicoloured
illustrations life-like to nature on 40 plates, further alphabetic.
Index of all names. bound only RM. 65. —

Lampert, Prof. Dr. K., Die GroBschmetterlinge und
Raupen Mitteleuropas. 95 multicoloured plates with
more than 2000 illustrations, 350 pages of text. 2. edition.
Bound in 1/1 linen RM. 27. — .

Schreiber’s Pocketbooks:

Beetles ed. by II. Wagner, 222 pages of text and 24 multi¬
coloured plates with 467 illustrations.

2nd edit. bound RM. 3.50.

Caterpillars ed. by H. Wagner, 189 pages of text and 30
multicoloured plates with 281 illustrations.

4 tli edition. bound RM. 3.50.

Lepidopteras ed. by IP. Wagner, 188 pages of text and

30 multicoloured plates with 290 illustrations.

5 th edition. bound RM. 3.50.

Prospectus Mo 559 on application

VBRLA6 J. F. SCHREIBER
Esslingen a. N. Germany

2 Iiiflispciiftsible Thing*:

HIJEE PLATES

the ideal material for Saying out insect boxes with.

I A SECT PiAS

of non-rusting KRUPP STEEL, absolutely proof
against acids and dampness.

Ask for free samples, prices, and my list of all
other entomological implements.

Hermann Kr^ye, Hannover- O

PERU

Butterflies, Moths and beetles

from the

Primeval Forest

in first class quality and moderate prices.
Please apply to

Pedro Paprzycki

Saiipo/Pero South -America

I deliver

Special Collections

of every kind of all groups from the
unexplored

primeval forest of the Uruguay River

Frit* Plitiimanii, ATova Teutonia

Correio Ita, via Florianopolis,

Santa Catharina / Brasil

Anyone desiring connection with collectors in all
parts of the world should subscribe to the weekly
Journal

Iiiselttenboerse

(appearing since 55 years)

Subscription RM. 13.— per annum. Many advertise¬
ments for the sale, purchase and exchange of Lepi¬
doptera, Coleoptera and other insects in every issue.
Specimen copy gratis

Alfred Hernen, Publisher

80 Sehlolistraije, Stuttgart- W (Germany).

SEITZ, THE

Abrostola 23
Acantholipes 24
Acronycta 1, 25
Aedophron 26
Aegle 22
Aglossestra 15
Agriopis 17, 26
Agrotis 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 23,
24, 25, 26
Aleucanitis 24
Allomecia 15
Amathes 18, 19, 23
Ammetopa 26
Amphidrina 21
Anataelia 20
Anomogyna 12
Anophia 25
Antitype 18, 26
Anumeta 24
Apamea 22
Aplecta 14
Aplectoides 12
Apopestes 24
Aporophyla 17
Arcyophora 26
Arenostola 22
Argyrospila 22
Armada 24
Arsilonche 1, 25
Atethmia 19
Athaumasta 18
Athefcis 21, 22, 25, 26
Aucha 20
Autoba 23
Autophila 24

Balsa 21
Barathra 14
Blepharidia 18
Blepharita 14
Bombycia 17
Brachionycha 17
Bryoleuca 2
Bryomima 18
Bryophila 2, 24, 25

Calophasia 16, 25
Calotaenia 17
Calymnia 22
Cardepia 15
Catamecia 21
Oatasema 16
Catocala 23
Cerapoda 17
Cerastis 12
Cerocala 23
Chamyla 22
Cheligalea 16
Chloantha 1 7
Chloridea 22
Chrysonicara 26
Chutapha 20
Cleopbana 16
Clytie 23
Coccidiphaga 23
Coelites 23

MACROLEPIDOPTERA OE THE WORED

SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME 3.

INDEX OF PLATES.

The numbers indicate the plates.

Coenobia 22
Colobocbyla 24
Colocasia 1
Conisania 14, 26
Conistra 18
Copicucullia 16
Copiphana 15
Cortyta 23
Cosmia 19
Craniophora 1
Crino 17

Crymodes 19, 26
Crypsotidia 24
Cteipolia 22
Cucullia 16, 26

Dasypolia 17
D asy sternu m 18
Dasy thorax 18
Derthisa 16, 17
Diadochia 20
Dichonia 17
Dierna 24
Diphthera 1
Discestra. 14
Dryobotodes 26

Ecbolemia 20
Ectogonia 24
Elydna 22, 26
Enargia 22. 26
Ephesia 23
Epia 13, 15, 26
Epimecia 20
Episema 23
Erastria 23
Eremobia 19, 26
Eremopola 18
Erythrophaia 22
Esteparia 21
Eublemma 22
Euchorista 15
Eueretagrotis 13
Eulocastra 26
Eumichtis 17
Euplexia 20
Eurois 10, 14
Eustrotia 23
Eutelia 23

Euxoa 3, 4, 5, 24, 25, 26
Evisa 21

Galgula 21
G-erarctia 23
Gerbathodes 26
Grammodes 23

Hadjina 21, 26
Hadula 1 5
Haemassia 21
Harmodia 13, 25, 26
Harpagophana 15
Heliothis 22
Herminia 24
Heterographa 20
Hillia 17

Hoplodrina 26
Hydroecia 22, 26
Hypeuthina 20
Hyphilare 15
Hypobarathra 14
Hypomecia 15
Hypostilbia 21
Hypotype 18
Hypsophila 22
Hyptioxesta 23
Hyssia 15

Imitator 24
Isochlora 13

Jaxartia 20

Koraia 23

Lamprothripa 23
Lasianobia 15
Lasiestra 15
Lasionycta 15
Lena 23

Leucochlaena 16
Lithacodia 23
Lithomoia 20
Lithophane 1 7
Lophoterges 15, 26
Lncasidia 23

Maraschia 21
Margelana 20
Megalodes 22
Meganephria 17, 25
Meroleuca 2, 25
Mesaegle 22
Mesoeuxea 4
Mesotrosta 22
Metalopha 16
Metlaouia 16
Metopoceras 16
Metopodicha 25
Metoponrhis 23
Moma 1
Monima. 15

Odontelia 14
Oederemia 2
Oligia 19
Omia 22
Omorpliina 22
Omphalophana 16
Omphalosceli-s 18
Oncocnemis 17
Onychestra 15
Orectis 24
Oria 22
Orthosia 12
Oxycesta 1

Pacbetra 26
| Palluperina 20
Panolis 22
Paragona 24
Parascotia 24

Parastichtis 19, 23
Perigrapha 15, 18
Petilampa 21
Pfeit'ferella 16
Phragmatiphila 22
Phyllophyla 23
Phytometra 23
Polia 14. 26
Poliobrya 2
Polyphaenis 20, 26
Porphyrinia 22, 23
Pronotestra 13
Prothymnia 24
Protomeceras 23
Pseudohadena 20
Pseudopseustis 20
Pulcheria 20
Pyrrhia 22

Radinogoes 21
Rap hia 23
Rhizotype 18
Rhyacia 7, 8, 9, 10. 11, 12
24, 25, 26
Rhynchaglaea 18
Rivula 24
Rosenia 22

Saragossa 14
Scoliopteryx 23
Scotogramma 14, 24
Scythocentropus 20
Sedina 22
Sidemia 20
Sideridis 15, 26
Simplicia 24
Simyra 1
Sinocharis 23
Stenodrina 26
Ste nostigma 18
Stilbia 21
' Stilbina 20
Sugitania 18
Synthymia 22

Tarache 23
Thargelia 14
Thermesia 24
Tbolera 14
Timora 22
Toxocampa 24
Trichoclea 15
Trichospolas 25

Ulochlaena 16
Usbeca 20, 23

Valeria 17

Xantholeuca 18
Xestia 12. 25
Xylina 1 7
Xylomania 26

Zanclognatha. 24

T ""

X.

J.

<" r r

r

"i

• li

r 7*

a

/

r

/

•i

\

MOMA-CRANIOPHORA.

serratae

suzukii

melanotica

avellanae

fasciata

defasciata

lugens

phaedra ?

splendida

hemileuca

cretacea

moltrechti g moltrechti ?

phaedriola

jankowskii

phaedriola $

suigensis

chingana c?

chingana jg

omihsiensis

jozana

meridionalis

ruveosparsa

oriens

albistigma

turanica $

batnana J1

batnana ?

iliensis

turanica

eothina

incretat,

ES leucocuspis

belgica

virga

judaea

calceata ;/"S

taurica

hercules

galvagnii

pulverosi

metaxantha

centralis

schwingenschussi

W* albidior

xanthomista

korlana

myncae

aethiopa

tiena

ottomana

melano- ^ cephala

bimacula

melaleuca

abscondita

glaucoptera $

glaucoptera

roscoradiata

effusior

viburni

kalgana

pontica

pacifica $

pacifica _

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a.

f

x

am

IS

/aV
% '

a

b

c

d

Suppl. III.

BRYOPHILA-MEROLEUCA.

pineti

oxybiensis

petraea

contristans ramosana

striata

tibetica

unicolor

petraea $

transversa

horhammeri

palaestinica, cT

palaestinica ? persica

sarrothrypoides marmorata dolopis

pallidior

striata

raptriculoides basimaculata

simulatricula

albomaculata

miltophaea plumbina

vilis

pungeleri

thamanaea

e

f

g

h

i

k

1

lithoplasta

pyrenaea

corsivola

labecula

aerumna

burgeffi

antias

diadela

lithoplasta ?

paulina

paulina $

trilinea

trilinea $

microglossa

confucii

microglossa ?

chloromixta

gracilis

precisa

subplumbeola

mmmy)
w

stictica

tabora

simonyi <?

simonyi $

hampsoni

amoenissima

albiceps

eucta

glaucula

aequalis

bilineata

rutilans

granitalis protecta

lusitanica

pallida

sap!

aurolichena

amasma

maeonis

confinis

sordida

pseudoperla

splendida

ft

rubellina

syrticola

trapezoidalis

- patula — - -

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica. Suppl. III.

Hauserpresse Werner u. W inter, G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

Sup pi. III.

EUXOA.

subdistin=^ guenda

mnltisigna

mendeli

capsensis

chretieni

temera

abdallah

hastifera

oranaria

astfalleri

provincialis

distincta

donzeli

waltharii

lugens

acumini

siepn

powelli

persubtilis

cmolliens

rabiosa

falleri

obscura

aquilina

deserta

haverkam

distincta

homicida

schahkuhensis

obscurior

corporea

glabella

quassa V

schwingenschussi

wagnen

titschacki

nevadensis

osthelderi

terrestris

canariensis

actinea

P?rsl. Fauna Palaearctica. Suppl. 3.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G.‘m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

EUXOA

|

catervaria -

cycladum

sagittata

inclusa

decorans

plendida

heringi

sabuletotum

sublata

cuprma

plumbina

fraudulenta

flavisignata

goetria

latebrosa

achyricola

vaga

prtdotae

insulana

pseudogothica

polygon ides

sjostedti

cognita

seliginis

rangnovn

reissen

claricostata

costaevittata

diaphora

cortii

fallax

drewseni

karschi

dissona

tristis

islandica

arkenda

labradoriensis

rossica

k

1

riphaea

centralis

divulsa

apocrypha

mustelina

subconspicua

impexa

bogdanovi

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, G. ra. b. H., Frankfurt a. M.

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica. Suppl. 3.

EUX0A-A6R0TIS

rebeli '»

piingeleri

philippsi

norwegsca

sibirica

leaena

lapidosa

pnvigna

bvaria

sparsa

varia

deficiens

distracta

biscajan

determinata

nomas

complicata

opportuna

expugnata

hilaris

arenosa

ypsilon ab. 1

ypsilon ab. 2

glaucma

baetica

amurensis

fuscosa

mauretanica

ragrata

tancrei

justifica

tokionis

praedicta

afflouensis

patula ?

robusta ?

eharacteristica

trifurcula

iratn

Pars. I. Fauna p a 1 a e a r c t i c a. Suppi. 3

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G. m. b. H-, Frankfur

" - -*A

Jr

■*>

Suppl. III.

enitens

mir.

perplexa

subalba

psammoda

an arm o

incognita

rotroui

saracenica

matritensis

matritensis ?

mansour,

brunneopicta

lassCrrei <$

pierreti

lasserrei $

agrotina

noctam

orana

bscurior

amasma

guedelleana

celsicola

obustior

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G. m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M

Suppl. III.

A6R0TIS

/.

spissilinea

libanicola

cinerea

W V\

disturbans

truculentaM

nms

turbans

imitata “

juncti

strenua

aequicuspis

eremicola

nigrolineatsF

stellans

imperator

valesiaca

brunr&otincta

griseotincta

squalorum

squalorum

melanuroides

cnmaea

celebrata

inexpectatab^

venosa

pfeifferi

umbrifera -i

rubidior

squalidior

tyrannus

griseola

despecta

terminicincta

leonhardf

bohatschi

fimbriola

bisignata

verecunda

ignara

zernyi

multangula* $

multangula £

berica

1

multangula ab.

dissoluta

clarivenosa

vicina

capnistis

near a

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G.m. b. H., Frankfurt a. M

Pars I. Fauna palaearctica Suppl. 3.

Suppl. Ill

AGROTIS.

guberla

glabripennis

subdissoluta

maraschi

calorica

versuta

deplanata

acutangula

rectangula

pulchrell

honesta

invenusta

albifurca

semna

arenosa

pallidula

bonza

' /.•

herculea

plumbeata

kollari

obsoleta

nona

gaurax

capnoptera

pontica

pallescens

caerulea

costaestriga

clarivena

albipennis

tamerlana

collin

margaritacea

stotzneri

cyrnea

subcorticea

subcacrulea

decipiens

subrosea

kenteana

erubescens

devota

cissigma

funebris

funestissima

furiosa

Pars I. Fauna palaearctica Suppl. 3.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdrockerei t

h. H.t Frankfurt a. .s

Suppl. III.

R

hadjina

forficula

albescens

thianschanica

laetifica

aotophila

curi'

paralia

lexandr,

alaina

plumbina

W plumbea

dosa

subuni

■frius

mermis

cucuna

moechill

stabulorum

" . . . ujjg

velifera^

lederer:

mus

quadrangula

musculus

r, Uni

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3

Hauserpressc Werner

Suppl. III.

RHYA

V-/ i

auguroides

pseudosimulans

astuta

insulicola

remgera

lWO

wiskotti

larixia

transient

Pars I. Fauna palaearctica, Suppl. 3.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter, Universitatsdruckerei G-m. b. H., Frankfurt a. ^

Suppl. III.

RHYACIA.

wichgrafi

benigna

anotica

tischendorfi

tiscbendorfi ?

ankarensis

rutilans

kirghisa

albida

hyperbola

obscurata

infuscata

velata

lutescens

gratissima

moerens

mediorufa

melancholica

tragica

subochracea

provincialis

subdolens

ochracea

torva

henrici

mssenx

dewitzi

guadarramensis

flavida

kermesina

delectans

lycophotioides

selinoides

Pars I. Fauna palaearctica, Suppl. 3.

Hauserpresse Werner u. Winter. Universitatsdruckerei G-m.b. H.. Frankfur

d

e

- .

s

Suppl. III.

AGROTIS-HARMODIA.

13.

a

b

c

d

leuconeura

longivitta

scopanae

maculata

turonica

nevadae

synaca

sicula

barettii

andalusica

zernyi

nisus

silenes $

silenes $

christophi

corrupta

flavofasciata Y filigramma

silenides

capsivora

m

v

-|§1

'^4

A

luteocincta

polymita

conspar

consparcatoid.es

xanthocyanea

estdnica

kriageri

schawerdae&*

tristis

dubia

karagaia

persimilis

vulcanica

melanochroa

wehrlii

aureomixta

weissi

weissi $

nevadensis

abruzzensis*

heringi

pfeifferi

staudingeri

duercki

stenoptera

atlantis

stauderi

salmonea

hyrcana

pungeleri

galactina

gueneei

tephroleuca

tephrocbrysea

cailinita $

’filipjevi nevadensisF cailinita

I schwing - fenschussi f mayeri

Pars I. Fauna palaearctica, Suppl. 3.

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

Suppl. 3

BARATHRA-SARAGOSSA

14.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

k

1

j;

vassilinini

decolorata $ 1

decolorata 6

{arkasii

vaciva

virens

schawyra

rosacea

implexa

sodae

cinnamomma

pugnax

brassicina

leuconota 5

stigmosa

nasamomus

leuconota

armata

isoloma

helvetica

nevadensis

spalax

praedita

abikonis

monotona

peregnna

conspicua

rukavaarae

vidua

suavis

schneideri

stigma

leuco

puengeleri

cinnamomea

pauper

rangnovi

eburnea

retrusa

Corsica

weissi

teriolensis

faroulti

thompsoni

desyllesi

vespertilio

malchani

sitiens

pomerana

margiana

gigantea

icterias

seeboldi

ostrogovichi

furcula

bovina

renati

Pars II. Fauna americana 2.

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

Suppl. 3

ONYCHESTRA-HARPAGOPHANA

15

mendax

picturata

irregularis

mendica

mariae-ludovicae

siccanorum

sociabilis

deserticola

egena

mauretanica

hospita

persa

levicula

demotica fej

expressa

distincta ^

sabulorum

orbona f

nefasta

griseola

pulverata

stoliczkana

zetina

contempta

centralasiae

cilissa

honei

pallescens

avernosa

duplicata

constabilis

limbata

jezoensis

nigromaculata

velutina

pseudocomma

rhodocornma

propensa

tiburtina

prominens

alopecuri

palaestinae

cinnamomea

dungana

phlebitis

jordana

incognita

algirica

millierei

mesotrosta

centralasiae

opaca

gafsana

aksuensis

lithoxylea

jordana

Pars I. Fauna palaearctica 3

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

Suppl. 3,

CUCULLIA-DERTHISA

bubaceki

biradiata

aksuana A

vicina

tescorum

achilleae

anthemidis

linosyridis '0

cemenelensis

judaeorum

barthae

fuchsiana

to-sca

timberia

scrophularivora

f lobnorica

reissen

rmnogemca

oberthiiri

beata

lampra

scopariae

eumor

sardoa

gypsata

khalildja

albarracina

canteneri

diluta

korbi

diffluens

gloriosa

fatima

versicolor

affinis

lusitanica

anatolica

adamantina

durnalaj'ana

liturata

asiatica

stigmatica

intermedia

acuta

maozim

kraussi

almoravida

gracilis

intermedia

oditis

seposita

hispida

machlyum

turatii

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica 3

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

Suppl. 3.

ERTHI

® unicolor

w dentimacula

ruscinonensis

discors

grunem

antherici W

ferru ^ inea

amurensis

strioligera

tiaca

aegyp

fraterna

banghaasi

variegata

chioleuca

decolor

consimilis

holophaea

lucida

nihonica

japomca

hyerensis

debilis

tancrei

tenuis

\ Ig

virgata

sylvatica

magmrena

moesta

melanomor

letheus

bathensis

compitalis

sauberi

bouveti

tricristata

Pars I. Fauna Palaearciica 3,

philippJ^i^si

philippsi $

rebecca

armena

rosea

mosa

pallidior

deliciosa Bw

squa

aithalodes

rondoui

germana

subvenusta

aritzensis

asphode- Wlioides

illecebrosa

plumbina

canescens O'

limpida

masina ® subcaerulea

mvea

kalchbergi

crassicornis

mvea

siderigera

ochracea

corticula

inquieta

cortex

luteosordida

paspa

duktana

inextrita

plumb ea

irkuta ▼

coctilis

colluta

submarginata

maculifera

sublimbata

hirsuta

anceps

rasilis

draudti

scitula

scitula

obscurior

rubigo

ardescens

intermedia

perspicua

eriophora

radoti

teukyrana

polybela

adusta

egorovi

magnifica

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica 3

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

ANTITYPE-AMATHES.

Suppl. 3

AMATHES-CRYMODES.

19

' 1

pallida

lactiflora

meiidionalis xerampelina

pallida

rubens

pallida

pallida

maculi-^ fera

pallida

algirica

syriaca

syriaca $

pyroxesta

obscura

flavicans

fulvescens

algirica

griseosignata w

cinnamo-^ meago

palleago

austauti

intermedia

innotata

subflava m

citrago

polyglypha

funerea

japonago

sicula

sardoa

Corsica

syriaca

standfussi

maraschi

renardi

grisescens

illyria

soldana

xylinoides

calcirena

deckerti

jezoensis

plumbealis

veterina

schawerdae

ferrea

versicolor

versi

color

f-. roseo- Vsuffumata

reisseri

mutica

bischoifi

bleonnensis

dumetorum

italica

variegata

rubrirena

hercyniae

ingloria

abnoba

vicaria

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

I

a

b

c

d

e

f

S

h

i

k

SIDEMIA-EPIMECIA

koshantschikovi

piingeleri

pozzn

flavidior

fabrilis

misella

oberthueri

judaica

ferrantei

orotavae

inquinata

discrepans

veternosa

tellieri

laciniosa

impedita

elinguis

esurialis

nickerlii

amaliae

adscripta

evanida

nickerlii var,

pugnax

powelli

dannehli

irritaria

tardenota

pieretti

incerta

samnii c?

kriigeri

sohnretheli

mgrescens

tiberina

samnii $

aequalis

armoncana

dayensis

hirsuta

leonhardi

euplexina

numida $

numida c?

koreana

graslini

prospicua

xanthosuffusa

dalmatica

obseurior

ustula

fulgurita

virgata

catomelas

cinescens

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3.

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

Suppl. 3.

STILBIA-EVISA

21.

anomala

phllopalis

calberlae

piingeleri

mairei muricolor

cinerascens rougemonti

aspersa

melano- 1 chroa subargentea

lutosa

grisescens

straminea atlantis

gracilis

approximans

jurassica

abruzzensis

hypostigma

wullschlegeli

grisea

clavipalpis mauretanica thunbergi

albina cf

pergrisea

scotoptera

jacobsi

pertinax

inumbrata

melanura

bermeja vicina cf

syriaca

morpheus

kitti

molisana

umbratilis

turbulenta fixseni

casearia

renalis vassilininei

deceptrix

jordana

malana eremita

contrita

schawerdae

correpta

bodenheimeri

selini

hispanica

ingrata

tenera

vicina $

syriaca

morosa

ilbina $

congesta

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3.

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

Suppl. 3.

APAMEA-PORPHYRINIA.

22.

a

b

c

d

e

f

S

h

i

k

fucosa

hucherardi

paludis

lucens

albomaculata

franciscae

vexilliger

sugitanii

bifasciata

moderata pseudoregina

algirica

trapezoides

biittneri

procera

improba

signata

taurica

impura

ottoi

banghaasi

chrysostigma

L..

incerta

kuelekana

nitidula cyrenaea

permixta

caprearum schernhammeri

erythrostigma

crinanensis

taurica

coreana

tunkuna

■3*

dulcis

kansuensis cf

distincta

kansuensis 9

stigmatica musculosa

insularis

striata

succinea

lajonquierei

australis

prolix a

gouzzakouli

maritima albida suavis

sutschana

japonica

suzukii rufa

rennenkampfi

isotima

multiplex

vecors

affinis

arctomys

boreli

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3.

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

PORPHYRINIA-AMATHES

23.

martjanovi

pudorina

polygramma

blandula

suppuncta

leucanides

candicans

poliotis

albescens

funeraria

patanei

uniformis

poppiusi

korbae

viridisquama

czewskii

biskrensis

kulmburgi

gayneri

timida

penthima

pirata

mimicaria

hymenoides

inquinata

deducta

dispar $

dispar c?

syrdaja™

scotorrhiza

nabataea

rogenhoferi

biskrensis

fulgens

insana

sana

msana

perorsorum

rothschildi

viridis

taurica

coreae

coalescens

generosa

limbirena

canariensis

clarissa

tarassota

camptosema

* '

aethiops

peusteria

hybris

pallida

armena

rungsi

wiltshirei

phenax

hypotaenia

rafidain

iobaphes

r , . \

P r;;(@ n .\a

w

1 [■ ’•3 *

ij

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3.

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

r?1*

Suppl. 3.

APOPESTES-HERMiNIA.

24.

roseata

cataphanes

limbata

luxuriosa

nigra

maculifera

subfusca

depressa

argentea

hilgerti

cerealis

vespertalis

gracilis

ichinosawana

amseli

azelikoula

habibazei

clarior

singularis

hilaris

eremophila

sculpta

aksuana

kusnezovi

sesquilina

robiginosa

nisseni

multisignata albomacula is

detersa

palpangularis

ciliaria

tanitaiis

massiliensis

subterminaiis

oenipontana

timandra

tenuialis

gryphalis

romana

saiioclitana

achyricola

Judaica

flavicririalis

gigantea

glebosa

anatolica

dannehii

kotzschi

M HR 55 *1 1

iil t

S

'k jW

mti j '

medioochracea

solimana

atlantis

raselaini

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3.

proxima — — — — nigricaria — — ■
Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart

Suppl. 3

ARSILONCHE-HARMODIA.

25

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

k

1

w intensior

tjurana

pasiphae

anatolica

vinirufa

w

ponticola

illauta

columbina

leuconeura

zukowskyi

figulina

scruposa m

clarescens

anatolica

ernesti

sulcifera

boursini

pontica

pertexta

chamila

arterialis ™

pontica

anastasia

enargiaris

du seutrei

barbaria

umovn

| :

- - -o- -

ankarensis

renima'

culata

w obsuta

roederi

akschehi- W rensis

anaermca

boursini

lecerfi

nigriorbis

fortunata

vanensis

liouvillei

dirempta

subsqualorum

wagnen

immenia

sureyae

nigrolineata

1

pseudoobelisca

thecaphaga

castiliana

transiens

elbursica

cervantes

// b| \

^ W
amseli

boursini

schwingenschussi

kadenii

xanthorhoda

proxima

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3

Alfred Kernen, Abf. Steindruck, Stuttgart

a

Suppl. 3

PACHETRA-STENODRINA

26.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

k

1

horhammeri

anatolica

evestigata

renati

melanophaea

difficillima

damnata

taurica

astfalleri

mesembrina

xylophana

hyrcana

agnellus

scurrilis

pseudolatens

mimouna

atlantis

bavarica

draudti

atlantica

^ graslini

peterseni

m, drenowskii

montana

ypsilon

bytinskii

asiatica

subsericata

mediana

dentula

argillago

aureus

badiofasciata

schwingenschussi

asymmetrica eucrinospila

draudti

agenjoi

hedychroa

zernyi

roxana soudanensis

belucha

eremocosma

turatii

expansa

wiltshirei

surchica

sogdiana

rjabovi

albersi

alfierii

warneckei

parvaspersa

aeschista euryptera

ellisoni

paupera

zobeidah

heptarchia

'WS&r-' /il 1

[

hostilis l

notodontina

zerkowitzi J

CVj

fV"A- . : -f uj

%y\

IP ■

%

■ W

V"- • / /f3

V

V \ i vJ|rai .
VA.-\,AYj!Sy-- •

JA,-. -’lyi

i J?

1 lytA if

f

Pars I. Fauna Palaearctica Suppl. 3,

Alfred Kernen, Abt. Steindruck, Stuttgart